Yale University Library 39002005150413 YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY f^ft.^:i.i^^^ l^t^y y^s/dc/<^ HISTORY TOWN OF MARLBOKOUGH, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS, riKST SETTLEMENT IN 1657 TO 1861; BRIEF SKETCH OF THE TOWN OF NORTHBOROUGH, GENEALOGY OF THE FAMILIES IN MARLBOROUGH TO 1800, AND AN ACCOUNT Or THE CELEBRATION OF THE TWO HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE INCORPORATION OF THE TOWN. BY CHARLES HUDSON, A NATIVE OF THE TOWN. BOSTON: PRESS OF T. R. MARVIN & SON, 42 CONGRESS STREET. 1862. DESCENDANTS OF THE FIRST SETTLERS OF MARLBOROUGH, ¦WHEREVEE SITUATED, AND TO THE PRESENT INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN, WHEREVEB BORN, THE FOLLOWING PAGES ABE RESPECTFULLY INSCKIBED BT THE AUTHOR. INTRODUCTORY NOTE, It may be expected, and it is certainly very proper, that the Publishing Committee should give some account of the circum stances which led to the preparation and publication of this volume. We are the more ready to do so, because it seems to us that the course of the Town of Marlborough, in relation to it, might well be imitated by other Towns whose annals are worthy of being written. In June, 1860, occurred the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Incorporation of the Town. It was decided to com memorate it. In extending an invitation to Hon. Charles Hudson to deliver the Address, they selected a distinguished native of the town, who cherished a strong filial regard for it, and whose taste led him into historical researches. In his faithful preparation for the occasion, he went very thoroughly into the early history of the town, and prepared an amount of matter far beyond what could be used on such an occa sion. After the Celebration, this was placed at the disposal of the Committee of Arrangements, who were authorized by the town to publish it. Though thorough and accurate, as far as it went, yet, published as then prepared, it Avould be only a fragment. It seemed to the Committee exceedingly desirable, that the author should be induced to go on and make a complete history of the town. They applied to Mr. Hudson, to ascertain if he would undertake the work, and on what terms. They received from him a proposition, which they laid before the town, with the recommendation VI that it be accepted. The town with great unanimity author ized the Committee to engage him to do the work, and to obtain an engraved likeness of the author, at the town's expense, to face the title-page. The result is the volume which is now presented to the public. We hoped to include in the volume, in addition to the History and the Genealogies of Marlborough, succinct sketches of the other Borough towns subsequent to their incorporation, which those towns were invited to furnish. This would have given us a complete history of all the territory originally in cluded in Marlborough. This work has been well done for Northborough, by Rev. Joseph Allen, D. D., but Westhorough and Southborough failed to give us the sketches desired. The Publishing Committee have great satisfaction in laying before their fellow-citizens the result of Mr. Hudson's labors, feeling confident that it will fully meet all reasonable expecta tions. Both the Historical and Genealogical portions are con siderably more full and extended than was anticipated. It is believed they will be found as accurate, and free from errors, as we could reasonably expect. None but those who have per formed similar tasks, can appreciate the amount of labor and pains-taking which the preparation of the History has involved. We feel that the pecuniary compensation the author receives is entirely inadequate ; and trust that he will have found his most satisfactory remuneration in the pleasure the work has afforded him, as well as in the gratification of having conferred an important benefit on his native town, and permanently connected his name with its annals. HOKATIO ALGEE, HOLLIS LOEING, 0. W. ALBEE, Publishing Committee. Marlborough, December 16, 1861. PREFACE. In preparing the following pages, I have labored under many disadvantages. The early Records of Marlborough are very meagre, so far as historical mat ters are concerned — the most of the space being occu pied by the location and description of grants of land. Besides, one volume of their Records has been lost ; so that we have no connected record of town officers, or of the proceedings of the town, from 1665 to 1739. We have been enabled to supply some of the defects from the Eecords of the Proprietors of the Town, and from the Book kept by the Proprietors of the Indian Plant ation. But as these Records relate principally to their lands, they do not give us full information relative to town affairs. Nor have we had any connected Church Eecords, to supply the deficiency. Many facts have been collected from the Colony Records, and from the Massachusetts Archives, a valuable collection of papers of almost every kind, and on almost every subject, in the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth. I have not learned that there are any collections of old papers, containing historical information, in the pos session of any of the old families of Marlborough. Doubtless there are such papers, containing important information, but I have been unable to find them. VIU From the widely scattered materials thus coUected, I have endeavored to present an impartial Historical Sketch of the Town. I have in several cases intro duced matter of a general character, which applies to Marlborough only in common with most other towns. But such digressions seemed to me important, as illus trating the manners and customs of the people, and the spirit of the age— without a knowledge of which many portions of our early history would be destitute of in terest, and in some cases would be likely to mislead us. How far I have succeeded in presenting an interesting and instructive narrative, I leave others to judge. I could have made it more flattering ; but I chose to appear in the character of a historian, rather than in that of a eulogist. I gladly embrace this opportunity to express my acknowledgments to all those who have kindly aided me, by giving information, or supplying me with facts. My thanks are due to John Phelps, Esq., Town Clerk of Marlborough, for the free use of the Records in his custody ; to Rev. Horatio Alger, for the use of his valuable copy of the Births, Deaths and Marriages, collected and arranged with great care and accuracy — and also, for the use of his manuscript Historical Dis courses ; to Mrs. Mary Williams, for her valuable Record of Births, Deaths and Publishments, extending over nearly a century ; to Mr. Stephen Rice, for his Record of Deaths for thirty years ; to Mrs. Susanna Bigelow, for the use of a valuable Record of several families. I am also indebted to Stephen Morse, Esq., Capt. Jedediah Wood, Col. William H. Wood, Hon. O. W. Albee, Mr. Cyrus Felton, and several other IX individuals of Marlborough, for the aid they have kindly rendered me. Nor should I omit the mention of the History of Northborough, by Rev. Dr. Allen, which ^ided me as a matter of reference ; and it is but justice to say, that his statements have always been found to harmonize with the original records. I am also happy to acknowledge the kindness of the librarian of Harvard College, of the State Library, of the Boston Athenaeum, of the American Antiquarian Society, of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society, and of the Massachusetts Historical Society, for the free use of their respective Libraries. The Sec retary of the Commonwealth is also entitled to my grat itude, for the free access granted me to the valuable papers in his office, from which I have obtained much information. Nor should I neglect to acknowledge the kindness of the Clerk of the Court, the Register of Pro bate, and the Register of Deeds of the County of Mid dlesex, for facilities granted in examining the records and papers in their respective offices. CHARLES HUDSON. Lexington, Novembeu 28, 18G1. CONTENTS CHAPTER I. GRANT AND SETTLEMENT OF THE TOWNSHIP. Introductory Remarks, page 13. .Importance of Town Meetings, 14. .Char acter and value of Town Histories, 16. .Rise of the Puritans, 18. .Per secutions under Mary and Elizabeth, 19.. Marked traits of the Puritan character, 21. .Religious liberty their great idea, 22. -The first settlers of Massachusetts and Virginia, 24. .Their desire to build up a religious commonwealth, 24.. Love of land, 25.. Hooker settled Hartford, 25.. Grant and incorporation of Sudbury, 26. .Extension of its boundaries, 26.. Petition for Marlborough, 26.. The township granted, 27. .List of grantees, 27. .Ockoocangansett an earlier grant, 28. .Situation of the Planting Field, 29 . . Situation of the English Plantation, 29 . . Plan of it by Andrews, 29.. Its meetes and bounds, 29..Assabet river, its name, 29. .Meadows highly esteemed, 30. .Why free from wood, 30. .Diagram of town and Indian Plantation, 31 . . First meeting called, 31 . . Committee chosen, 32. .Addition to the proprietors, 32. .Indian name of the English Plantation, 32. .Tax upon house lots, 32. . Alcocke's farm, 33. .A portion given up to Marlborough, 33. .Additional tracts set to Marlborough, 34 . .Marlborough incorporated, 34. .Old and new style, 34. .Mr. Chauncy repaid, 35. .Name of Chauncy pond, 35. .A tax laid to support the min ister, 36. .House lots assigned, 37. .Meadows assigned, 37. .Cow Com mons designated, 38. .Commons finally divided, 38. .Frame for the min ister's house, 39. .House and lot given to Rev. Mr. Brimsmead, 39 . . Meeting house erected, 40. .Its situation and deed of the land, 40.. Common subsequently enlarged, 41. .First town ofiicers, 41. .Roads laid out, 41. .Hogs to be yoked and rung, 42. .Location of first settlers, 43 ..Discontent and a Court's committee sent out, 45. .Controversy in relation to records, 46.. Report of a committee on the subject, 47.. Report assailed, 48.. Another committee appointed, 48.. Their report final, 48. .A petition for a church, and opposition made, 49. .A council called, their report, 50.. Rev. Mr. Brimsmead settled, and a church gathered, 50. .His ministry and character, 50. .He kept a Latin journal, 51 . .Influence of the clergy, 51. xu CHAPTER IT. THE INDIAN PLANTATION. The Indians submitted to the Colony, page 53. .Marlborough Indians a branch of the Wamesit tribe, 53. .The Indian grant, 54. .Their Planting Field, 55. .Eliot preaches to Indians and translates the Bible into their language, 56. .Indian worship, 56. .Praying Indian towns, 57. .Descrip tion of Ockoocangansett, 57. .Proposed school, 59. .Deed to Gookin, 60 . .Burial place and Indian relics, 61 . .Indians disappear by the order of Providence, 62. .Should be treated kindly, 62 . . Massachusetts's policy towards them just and benevolent, 63. CHAPTER III. KING PHILIP'S WAB. The tribes submit to the Colony, page 65. .Philip plots the extermination of the English, 66. .His character, 67. .Marlborough prepares for the con flict, 67. .Immediate cause of the war, 68. .Philip attacks Swanzey, 69 . .Philip defeated and fled to the Nipmucks, 69. .Indians attack Hutch inson and Wheeler, sent to treat with them, 69. .Hutchinson buried at Marlborough, 69. .Philip attacks Hadley, Deerfield and Northfield, 70. . Mosely chastises the Indians, 70.. The Narragansets join Philip, 70.. They are defeated in their fortress, 70. .Lancaster attacked and Mrs. Rolandson taken captive, 71. .Depredation in Marlborough, 72..Med- field burnt, 72..Groton attacked, 72. .Marlborough and Brookfleld threatened, 73. .Marlborough attacked and their meeting house burnt, 73.. Indians surprised by Lieut. Jacobs, 74. .Sudbury burnt, 75.. Sud bury fight, 75.. Date of the battle, 75. .Death of Captains Wadsworth and Brocklebank, 77. .Bridgewater and Plymouth partially destroyed, 78 ..Indians chastised at Deerfield and Hadley, 78. .Philip seeks aid of the Mohawks, 78.. Flees to Mount Hope^ 78 . . Capt. Church goes in pursuit of him, 78. .Philip narrowly escapes, 78. .Death of Philip, 79. . His character, 79 .. Destructive character of the war, 80.. Conduct of the Marlborough Indians, 81. .Carried away by Capt. Mosely, 81. .Evils of war over-ruled for good, 83. CHAPTER IV. RE-SETTLEMENT OF MARLBOROUGH — INDIAN WARS, &c. The inhabitants return, page 87.. Rebuild their meeting house, 87.. Erect another, 88. .Deed from the Indians, 89. .Sundry persons pray that the Indian Plantation may be granted to them, 92. .Certain citizens of Marl- XIU borough pray that they may purchase the Plantation, 93.. Certain In dians remonstrate, 93. .John Brigham and others obtain a deed, 94. .The General Court declare the deed void, 94. .The proprietors layout the land, 95.. Desire a confirmation of the title, 95.. The purchase of doubtful morality, 96. .Great desire for land, 97.. Settlers at Chauncy encouraged relative to a new parish, 98. .Schools established, 99. .Devo tion to civil liberty, 99.. Elizabeth Howe captured, 100.. Several fam ilies added to the settlement, 100. .Death of Mr. Brimsmead, 101. .Call of Mr. Emerson and opposition thereto, 101.. A council called, 102.. v/Mr. Breck settled, 103. . Queen Anne's war, 104. .Capt. Howe's Expedi tion to relieve Lancaster, 105.. Capture of the Rice children, 105.. Capture of John Bigelow, 106.. Miss Goodnow killed by the Indians, 106. .Mrs. Fay defends the garrison, 107. .Wilder and Howe taken, 107 . .Capt. Howe pursues the enemy, 107. .Garrisons in Marlborough, 109 ..Their location, 110.. Seating the meeting house, 112. .Additional territory added to Marlborough, 113.. A petition for the extension of Marlborough, 113. .Westborough set off" from Marlborough, 114. .Orig- J inal settlers of Westborough, 114. .Westborough divided, 11 5.. The 'Farm' and Indian Plantation annexed to Marlborough, 116.. South- borough set off from Marlborough, 116. .Marlborough proud of her daughters, 1 16. .Death and character of Rev. Mr. Breck, 117. CHAPTER V. ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS, &c. Several gentlemen invited to become their minister, and declined, page 122 . .Mr. Kent settled, 122. .Charged with heresy, 122. .A council called, 123.. He leaves the place, 123.. His subsequent history and character, 124. .Difficulty in agreeing upon a successor, 126. .Pasts appointed, 126 . .Young men's association, 127. .Rev. Mr. Smith settled, 128. .Petition to set off" the Indian Plantation as a town, 128. .The east part desire to be made a town, 129. .Marlborough remonstrates, and the petitioners are defeated, 130. .Great drought, 130. .Repairs of the meeting house, 131 . .Ecclesiastical matters an important part of Town History, 132. CHAPTER VI. THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. Marlborough furnished a large number of men, page 134. .Soldiers in 1722 -24, 134.. Campaign in 1741, 134.. Capture of Louisburg, 135. .Capt. Joseph Howe at No. 4, 135.. The French wars a great drain upon the blood and treasures of the Colonies, 135 .. Marlborough Companies in 1757, 136.. Soldiers in 1745, '46 and '48, 139. -Soldiers in 1754, '55 and '56, 139.. Fall of Fort William Henry, 139. .Capt. Howe's Com- XIV pany, 140.. Lieut. Maynard's Company, 140. .Soldiers in 1758 and '59, 141.. Men furnished in 1760 and '62, 141.. The importance and influ ence of the French wars, 142. I CHAPTER VII. THE CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. The Colonies had been true to the mother country, page 144. .The Stamp Act, 144. .Measures of defense, 145. .Non-consumption and non-im portation, 145. .The voice of Marlborough, 146.. Instructions to their Representative, 148. .Patriotic resolutions, 150. .Instructions to their Representative, 152. .Taxes to be paid to the Provincial treasurer, 152 ..Arms and ammunition provided, 152.. The causes of the war, 153.. Not taxation alone, 154.. The tories, 155.. Henry Barnes, 156. .Brown and De Bunicre sent to Worcester, 157. .They visit Marlborough, 158 . .Their reception there, l.TO. .Rev. Mr. Smith unpopular, 160. .Took a dismission, 161. .Outragev committed at his house, 161 .. Trifles show the manners and customs of the people, 162. .Warning out of town, 163. . Narrowing of roads, 164. .Remarkable events, 164. CHAPTER VIII. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. Spectacle of the rising of the people, page 165. .Battle of the minute-men, 167. .Lexington Monument, 167. .Marlborough Companies which march to Cambridge, 168. .Troops furnished in the Revolution, 170. .Manufac ture of saltpetre, 175. .Marlborough will sustain a Declaration of Inde pendence with fortunes and life, 175. .Bounties offered for enlistments, 175. .Will supply the families of soldiers, 175. .Vote on the Confedera tion, 175. .Vote on the adoption of the first State constitution, 176.. Soldiers do a turn of duty, 176. .Bounty to soldiers, 177. .Convention at Concord to regulate prices, 178.. State constitution adopted, 179.. Offered a bounty of neat stock for enlistment, 180.. Army short of powder, &c., 180. .Depreciation of the currency, 181 .. Massachusetts compared with other States, 185. .Close of the war, 186. .Great sickness in 1775, 186. .Cold winter, 186. .Dark day, 187. CHAPTER IX. THE STATE OF THINGS AFTER THE REVOLUTION. Pecuniary embarrassment, page 188.. Shay's rebellion, 190. .Resolutions and instructions to Representatives, 191.. Wise statesmanship, 193.. Return of the tories agitated, 194. .Further instructions to Representa- XV tives, 195. .Death of Washington, 198. .Difficulty in settling a minister, 199.. Mr. Packard settled, 200. .His labors and sentiments, 202. .Mr. Packard asks a dismission, 203. .New meeting houses erected, 205 . . The west parish incorporated, 207. .Mr. Packard settles with them, 208 . .Is dismissed and moves to Lancaster 208. .Mr. Bucklin settled, 208. . Succession of ministers, 208. .Methodist Society, 209. .Universalist Society, 209.. Baptist Society, 209.. Roman Catholic Society, 209.. New meeting house at Feltonville, 209. CHAPTER X. EDUCATION. Our fathers' view of education, page 210. .Law requiring schools, 211.. First schools in Marlborough, 211.. School house built, 211.. Schools kept in different parts of the town, 212. .Schools apportioned to different districts, 213.. The Brigham bequest, 214.. Plan of supporting and distributing the schools in 1790, 215. .Schools remodeled in 1803, 217. . New district created in 1812, 218. .District south of the pond,. 218.. State School Fund and Board of Education, 219. .Appropriations for schools at different periods, 220. .Academy endowed, 221. .Influence of academies upon common schools, 222. .Endowment of the academy turned to the best account, 223. .Enlightened policy of Deacon Phelps, 223. .The High school house, 224. CHAPTER XI. MISCELLANEOUS HISTORY. Situation and extent, page 225. .Topography, 225. .Town well wooded, 227 ..Barberry-bush, 228.. Soil and productions, 228 .. Orchards, 228.. Streams, 230.. Ponds, 230.. Mills, 231.. Health and longevity, 231.. The town incorporated, 235 .. Origin of the name, 235. .Line of travel through Marlborough, 235. .Railroad accommodation, 236. .Cemeteries, 236. .Town mark, 239. .Freemen admitted, 239. .Freemen's oath, 240. . Manner of voting, 241. .Tythingmen and stocks, 241. .Offenses pun ished by stocks, 242. .Constables, 243. .Severity of punishments, 244. . Simplicity in dress, 245. CHAPTER XII, STATISTICAL HISTORY. Population of Marlborough in each decade, from its incorporation to the present day, page 247. .Valuation at different periods, 253. .Polls in 1770, 254. .Tax paid by Marlborough from 1774 to 1797, 2.57. .Tax-payers in XVI 1800, 258. .Polls and valuation every ten years, from 1771 to I860, 260 ..Census of manufactures, 1837, 261 . .Census of Productions, 1845, 26 1.. Census of productions, 1855, 262.. Shoe manufactures, 263.. Eff"ects of manufactures, 264.. Growth of Marlborough, 264.. Rapid growth of Feltonville, 265.. Shoe business in Feltonville, 267. .News paper, and fire department, 268. .Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 268 ..Savings bank, 268.. Bequest of Zachariah Maynard, 269 .. Patriotic spirit of Marlborough in 1861, 270. .Rolls of the Band and Companies which have entered the service of the United States, 272. CHAPTER XIII. OFFICIAL HISTORY. Personal history important, page 278. .List of Selectmen, 279.. List of Town Clerks, 281 . .List of Town Treasurers, 282 .. List of Assessors, 282.. List of Representatives, 283 .. Senators, 284. .Delegates to the Provincial Congresses, 284 .. Delegates to Constitutional Conventions, 284. .Committees of correspondence, 285. .Deacons of the First church, 285.. Deacons of the West church, 286 .. Deacons of the Universalist church, 286. .List of Justices of the Peace, 286. .Votes for Governor, 287. .Political parties, 288. .List of Governors, 290. .List of graduates from different colleges, 290. SKETCH OF NORTHBOROUGH. Northborough incorporated, page 293.. Its area, 293.. Its topography and streams, 293 .. Manufactures, 295 .. Settlement and population, 296.. Churches and ministers, 298. .Schools, lyceums, &c., 300. GENEALOGICAL SKETCH OF FAMILIES. Introduction, page 303. .Genealogy of families, 308. THE CELEBRATIOX. Proceedings at the celebration of the two hundredth anniversary of the incorporation of the town, page 491. HISTORY OF MARLBOROUGH. CHAPTER T. GRANT AND SETTLEMENT OF THE TOWNSHIP. Introductory Remarks — Character of the Puritans — Grant of Sudbury, and the Extension of its Boundaries — Grant of Marlborough — Indian Plant ation — Organization of the Town — Division of Land — Alcock Farm — Building of Minister's House, and Meeting-House — Adoption of Municipal Regulations — Location of the Early Families — A Controversy in relation to their Records — Committees sent out — Petition for a Church — Opposi tion made — A Council called — Rev. Mr. Brimsmead settled, and a Church- formed — Character and Death of Mr. Brimsmead. History may be divided into general and local ; the fortner treating of pubhc events, and covering a large extent of terri'- tory, as a State or Nation ; the latter treating rtiore' minutely of events less publicly known, and confined to a less section of territory, as a City or Town. General history has more charms for the public at large, while local history is perhaps of more interest to the residents of the place, and to those whose families are connected with the events narrated. The great object of Town Histories is, to gather up the fragments which would escape the observation of the general historian, to preserve fugitive papers which would otherwise perish, and glean from the fading memories of the aged citizens, facts and traditions which Avould soon be lost forever. Such a collecting of scattered materials, such a gathering up of minute facts and apparently trifling incidents, is all-important, as it saves the general historian a vast amount of labor, and furnishes him with the elements of information on almost every sub ject of public interest. Besides, local histories exhibit the acts and doings of the primary assemblies, and thus make known to us the motives 14 and springs of action in the human heart. As the character of an individual can be best learned by observing his private walks and noting his daily conduct, so the genius and spirit, the wishes and the wants of a people, are best learned by the tran sactions of small bodies of men in their primary meetings. The history which reveals to us the feelings and actions of Towns, furnishes us with more reliable information than can be drawn from the history of a State. A Town Meeting is a surer exponent of the will of the people, than a Legislative Assembly, whether State or National. The nearer you come to the fountain of power, the people, the more clearly you perceive public sentiment, and learn the popular will. In a free country like ours, when the great heart of the people is moved, the primary assemblies exhibit the first throb, and will control the action of the State and National Legislatures. All reforms must begin with the people themselves, and by knowing what our people do in their Towns, we can judge with almost unerring certainty what must be done in the State. The American Revolution was inaugurated in Town Meet ings ; and the history of that great political movement may be seen in the Resolutions passed, and Acts done in those little assemblies. It was there that the great question was debated, the first steps taken, the solemn pledge given. And in the present great movement in support of our matchless Constitu tion — a movement which shows that the spirit of liberty was not buried in the graves of our fathers — where do we see the flame of patriotism burning brightest ? Not in our legislative halls, but on the hearth-stones of our families, where the sacred warmth prompts the tender wife to give up her beloved hus band, the fond mother her darling son, the affectionate sister her dear brother, or the blooming maiden the object of her highest regard, to defend our country and preserve its glorious institutions. Next to the family, the primary gMherings of the people exhibit the purest fire of patriotism to light up the hopes of the nation. Towns are little democracies, where the first lessons of political equality are learned. The accountability of rulers to the ruled, the potency of public sentiment, and the great principle that the few must submit to the will of the many, are 15 first learned in the administration of town affairs. Nor is there a better school in which to rear up legislators and statesmen, than these little communities afford. Town Constables fre quently grow to County Sheriffs ; Moderators of Town Meet ings become Speakers of Deliberative Assemblies; Town Clerks, Secretaries of States; and Selectmen, Senators. If we were to select the men who have filled high stations in the State, with honor to themselves and profit to the com munity, we should find that their first development of talent, and their first lessons in business of a public nature, arose from common school discipline, and the management of municipal affairs. What history, then, can be more instruc tive, than that of those small municipalities, which are the fountain of all power, and the primary school of political knowledge ? A thousand little incidents connected with a Town History, or facts found in private papers, may cast light upon important questions. A Deed or a Will, a Warrant for a Town Meeting, or a Municipal Regulation apparently insignificant, may fix a date, determine the motive of a transaction, or exhibit the spirit of the age. The worth of human character is seen in trifling transactions,; and whether a man is to be set down as a patriot or a traitor — ^whether his memory should be cherished with respect, or held up to public scorn, may depend upon facts which can be learned only by studying the minute history of his times. There are many facts of a private nature that at first view appear trivial, which are yet important as showing the character of the age. The fact that " John Smith," " Sam uel Brown," or any other individual was fined or whipped in Plymouth Colony, in 1638, for " taking tobacco in the high ways not above a mile from a dwelling-house, or at work in the field, where he doth not dine or eat his meat," is of no con sequence to the present generation, when viewed in the ab stract ; but when considered concretely, it shows the character of their criminal code at that period, and the spirit of the age when such laws were in force. The exploration of these local fields has its value, though no important fact be brought to light. The miner who has explored a tract of country, and has ascertained that no valuable mineral is there, aids the cause of science, and saves much unnecessary labor and many useless 16 experiments in pursuit of supposed treasure. He who examines the records of a Town, although he brings out no important facts in his history, has performed a good work by showing that he has fully explored a barren field. If the value of histories is to be estimated by the amount of labor required in collecting the materials. Town histories would hold a conspicuous place. While the general historian deals with public events which -are commonly recorded, the town historian is doomed to the drudgery of hunting up facts of which there is no connected record ; or one so brief that it only hints at a fact, or gives reason to suspect that there may be some fact, if you could only get at it. From some obscure hint, the explorer is put upon a track, which, after ransacking other musty records or dilapidated private papers, may enable him to bring out a full statement of the case ; or he may, after all his labor, find that no reliable information can be obtained. He will also find some important subject alluded to in a warrant for a Town Meeting, and on turning to the record of the meeting, he finds that the subject matter was referred to a committee, to report all the facts in the case at the next meeting. He then, fancying himself on the threshhold of important information, turns with eager eye to the proceedings of the next meeting, for the full and authentic account, and meets this meagre record : " The Committee appointed at the last meeting submitted a detailed Report, which was accepted." Foiled in his attempt to possess himself of the facts, he turns to the files for the Report itself, and learns, to his mortification, that no files reaching back to that period are preserved. So, after all his toil and patient industry, he in very many cases realizes the full force of the poet's definition of wisdom : " 'Tis but to know how little can be known." There are two modes of presenting historical facts — each of which has "its advantages. The one is, to give the documents containing the information ; the other is, to weave the facts contained in the documents into an independent narrative. The former mode is, perhaps, the most satisfactory to the thorough student of history ; while the latter is the most pleas ing to the general reader. I have endeavored to combine the 17 two methods, so as to make the narrative sufficiently documen tary, without destroying its popular character. When any fact in the Record is peculiarly important, or is stated in language remarkable for clearness or force, quaintness or beauty, I have generally adopted the language ; and when any declarations of sentiment are put forth by Preamble and Resolutions, I have, for the most part, given them verbatim. In other cases I have given the leading ideas in my own language. There is another method, that of weaving the main facts into the narrative, and at the same time, by quoting single expres sions or short sentences, make the speaker or writer come in and tell a part of the story the historian is relating. Our own distinguished historian, Mr. Bancroft, is a striking instance of this. In this manner a lively interest is given to the narrative, making it racy and dramatic. But at the same time it becomes a serious question, whether this is not sacrificing one great object at which the historian should aim — a true picture of society, and a just delineation of events in all their bearings. By adopting the method alluded to above, the temptation is great to select the most sparkling sayings, or the most ultra or extravagant sentiments, in order to set them off against each other, for the sake of effect. In this way we have a vivid picture presented Avith dramatic effect, but it gives us false views of society, and an artistic rather than a true narrative of events. The humble historian of a Town has no field for display. He has to deal with ordinary events, stated in great detail, and must be content with a plain presentation of the little inci dents which go to make up the life and doings of small com munities. If I have succeeded in gathering up fragments which would otherwise be lost, and bringing together facts in relation to the Town and its early settlers, which were so scat tered as to be beyond the reach of most of its citizens, my IsJpor will not be in vain. I do not suppose that I have avoided all errors. No town history which ever has been, or ever will be written, can be free from inaccuracies. Many persons will find, in the case of their ancestors, that there are some things stated which do not accord with the traditions of the families ; but it does not follow from this that any error has been committed. Tradition cannot be relied upon, especially with 18 reference to dates. I have often met with traditions of some act said to be performed by an individual, when it was per fectly evident that the date of the act itself would place it before the birth or after the death of the individual to whom it is ascribed. Some traditions have so much of the marvelous in them as to render them so improbable, that no faithful his torian would give them the sanction of his name. On the other hand, there will be family traditions perfectly reliable, and even recorded events in relation to individuals known and preserved in families, of which the historian is ignorant, and must remain so, unless the persons having the facts will com municate them. If omissions of this kind are found in the following pages, the writer only regrets that the facts had not been communicated to him. It cannot be supposed that any historian, even of a town, can know the secret history or private records of every family in the place ; and if those who are possessed of the facts withhold them, the fault is not chargeable to the writer. We have made known our desire to possess all such information, and have given all that has come to hand, or could be obtained ; and our only, regret is, that we have not been able to obtain more. The settlement of a country is frequently the result of remote causes, and the distinctive characteristics of its inhab itants may often be traced to events which have long since transpired, and even to habits of thought the origin of which is almost forgotten. As the first settlers of our early New England Towns were of the Puritan stock, we can hardly do justice to their memories, without recurring for a moment to the character of the Puritans, the causes which called them into being, the treatment they received in the mother country, and the great object they had in view in emigrating to these shores. The New England character may be said to have grown out of the Reformation in the sixteenth century, wh^ the great doctrine of the " right of private judgment " was asserted and successfully maintained, in opposition to the absurd and arbitrary pretensions of the Papal Church. This doctrine so commended itself to the good sense of the reflecting part of the community, and so moved the great heart of the devout portion of the church, that though it received several 19 severe checks, it could not be eradicated. The seductive lib ertinism of Henry VIII. interposed a barrier to the spread of this doctrine, the cruel persecutions of bloody Mary checked its outward growth, and thereby gave it a firmer and deeper root in the human heart, and so prepared the manly and con scientious worshipers to withstand the bold prerogative of the determined and intolerant Elizabeth. This great doctrine of the Reformation had taken such hold of the sincere Protestants, that what was at first asserted as a right, they soon regarded as a duty; and to yield this privilege was to deny " the Lord that bought them." The profligacy which prevailed, both in church and state, tended further to mark the line of separation between the great mass of the church, and the more devout portion ; and the Puritans, as the latter were called, gradually became a distinct sect. Not, how ever, that they were so acknowledged by Elizabeth, who ad mitted no dissent from the Established Church. Though she was a professed Protestant, and gloried in their separation from what they denominated the " Mother of Harlots," she would tolerate no non-conformity to her church. The ornaments and garments worn by the clergy during the reign of Mary, when the Roman religion and rites were triumphant, Elizabeth was desirous of preserving in the Protestant service. This was a cause of great discontent among a large body of her subjects ; many of whom refused to attend at those churches where the habits and ceremonies of the Church of Rome were introduced. The Q,ueen made many attempts to repress any innovation, even in the forms of the religion she had established. She had recourse to almost every measure to bring the Puritans to subjection. A Commission was instituted, clothed with inquis itorial power and unlimited jurisdiction, who hunted out the Non-conformists, and treated them with extreme cruelty. Thousands were fined, many were cast into prison, where they endured evils more intolerable than those inflicted by the in tolerant Mary, till death put an end to their sufferings. During the whole reign of Elizabeth and her successor, the Puritans experienced almost every species of persecution. Deprived of every religious privilege, hunted down by Protestant inquisitors, cast into prison without cause and without trial, driven from their livings, and banished from their own coimtry ; it is nat- 20 ural to suppose that they would become firm and decided, if not obstinate and morose. But if this long and unremitted persecution developed the sterner traits of character, it also gave rise to a serious and devout frame of mind. This was shown in their manner of spending the Sabbath, refraining from all diversions on that day, and employing the whole of it in religious exercises. They also kept at the greatest distance from profaneness, and were remarkable for their sobriety and the moral virtues in general. On the other hand, the friends of the Court ridiculed their preciseness, and affected to distinguish themselves from them, more perhaps than they otherwise would have done, by profligacy and licentiousness of every kind. Regarding the rites of the English Church as idolatrous, the Puritans sought to establish a form of worship more simple, and more in accordance with the usages of the primitive Church ; but this small privilege was denied them. They must join in rites which they abhorred, or feel the sting of the oppressor's scourge. They saw many of the leading ecclesiastics fawning around the throne, and the ruling sovereign assuming the ab surd prerogatives of the Roman Pontiff. Nor was it in eccle siastical matters alone that they beheld encroachments upon private rights. They saw in the affairs of state a strong ten dency to despotism. In fact, the monarch on the throne was the ruling ecclesiastic ; and it required no great foresight to perceive, that if he could interfere with affairs which involved a man's duty to his God, he could, with a much greater show of consistency, interfere in matters which related to the state. They saw in the policy of the crown the extinguishment of all they held dear — their rights as Christians and as citizens. They had labored hard to correct these abuses. They had sought for redress by petition, by remonstrance, and even in some cases by arms. But it was all in vain. Not, however, that their labors were entirely lost. They had sown the good seed, and though they were not permitted to reap the precious harvest, they had in some degree stayed the rushing tide of despotism, and had contributed largely to rear up a generation who should know their rights, and " knowing, dare maintain them." It is admitted by the infidel Hume, who ridicules the zeal and fervor of the Puritans, that it was " by 21 them alone the precious spark of liberty had been kindled and was preserved, and to them the English owe the whole freedom of their constitution." Having taken part in the long struggle on the question of prerogative between the Crown and Parlia ment, they were fully imbued with the great principles of English liberty ; and the natural sternness of character which grew up amid persecution, led them to stand up manfully in support of their rights. However others might falter, their patriotism, like their religious faith, was unwavering. And though they were in the minority in their own country, their influence there was not inconsiderable. In the midst of a cor rupt age and nation, when dissoluteness reigned in the court, and great looseness, to say the least, pervaded the church, the stern integrity, the rigid morals, and the unfaltering faith of the Puritans seemed to rebuke the dissolute, and to command the silent respect of thousands by whom they were persecuted. The Puritans, as a class, possessed marked traits of character. Upon the known firmness of the English as a people, was en grafted an unwavering religious faith, that gave them a fixed and steadfast purpose from which they could not be induced to swerve. Their religion was of the strict and austere type, which naturally leaves its impress upon the character. They had for a long period been disciplined in the school of affliction, which strengthened their faith and confirmed their fortitude. The persecutions to which they had been subjected, and the inducements which had been held out to them to conform to the requirements of the Established Church, had driven from them the timid, or drawn from them the men of easy virtue ; so that the remainder of the sect were like pure metal, purged from the dross by the refiner's fire, and consolidated by the hammer and the anvil. Such was the material of which this sect was composed ; and justice compels us to state that the persecution through which they passed, though it had increased their faith and confiirmed their fortitude, had not developed the gentle virtues nor sweet ened their disposition. Living in an age somewhat intolerant, they had imbibed the spirit of the times ; and having the faith of assurance, they were not prepared to tolerate a departure from their religion, or yield their opinions to any man or class of men. They were ardently attached to their religion, and esteemed 22 above all things the privilege of worshiping God according to the dictates of their own consciences. Such was the general character of the Puritans in their own country. And the class that came to New England were not the outcasts of the sect, the dregs or scum of that community ; they were men of good character and standing in their own country. They were not the rich lordlings, who came here to build splendid palaces, and live in indolence and ease ; but the industrious farmer, the hardy mechanic — men from the com mon walks of life — the stay and support of every country. They were the very class of men best adapted to the laborious task of clearing the forest^ and converting a wilderness into fruit ful fields. They were not daring adventurers, merely seeking their fortune in a new country, that they might raise themselves to opulence, and become renowned in the history of the world. No ; they had higher and nobler ends in view. They came to these shores that they might enjoy, in peace, that religion which they esteemed more valuable than pleasure, fame or pelf. The strictest of the sect of Puritans, the firmest of the firm, the hardiest of a hardy race, they were the very men for the enterprise on which they were about to embark. To say that they were perfect, would be to say that they were not men. To acknowledge that they had defects of character, is only admitting that they had not risen above all the follies and vices of the age in which they lived. They had their fail ings, but they were the failings of sincere and devout men. Whatever in them was stern and unamiable, was but the natural fruit of those strong and masculine virtues which fitted them for great and daring enterprises, and enabled them to overcome obstacles from which the mild and timid would have shrunk back in dismay. The great controlling principle which moved them to action, was an unwavering religious faith, and if it did not in all cases, in the true gospel sense, " work by love and purify the heart," it showed itself in a rigid justice, an abiding fortitude, and an untiring perseverance in whatever they deemed to be right and true. Their great idea was that of religious liberty. To enjoy that blessed privilege, they had left their native country, given up all the tender endearments of home, torn themselves from rela tives and friends, and committed themselves to the guidance of 23 that Almighty Being in whom they put their trust. Emerging from the spiritual despotism of Rome and the temporal despotism of England, they naturally imbibed the idea of one central power ; and though they transferred their allegiance to the Great Supreme, they fell in some degree into the error common in all ages, of ascribing to their Divinity the attributes which appear ed most prominent in the rulers of their own age. The Puritans who settled New England, cherished in some degree the Jewish idea, and were accustomed to view God in the character of a Sovereign, rather than a Father. This gave a tinge to their whole system of faith and practice. Their views of civil gov ernment, though in advance of the age, as containing more of the democratic principle, were nevertheless tinctured with the ocracy. Like the Romish church, they believed in infallibility ; and though they justly ascribed this high prerogative to the Deity, they appear to have cherished a lingering belief, that the divine Spirit so dwelt with men, that the church composed of sincere worshipers would almost necessarily be guided right. This impression will account, in some measure, for the course they pursued towards the Baptists, Q,uakers, and other dissent ing sects. Had they been more mild and gentle in their manners, more pliant and impressible in their character, more yielding in their disposition, and more easy in their virtue ; had they conformed more readily to the manners and customs of the gay and thoughtless, been more compromising in their policy, and less strict in their opinion ; in a word, had they inherited a faith less firm, a fortitude less unflinching, and a will less persistent, they might have appeared more amiable in their generation, and their characters might have been more attractive, in these days of compliance and compromise ; but they would have been less qualified to fill the sphere allotted to them by Divine Provi dence, and would probably have failed in their attempt to set up a commonwealth founded on the great principles of allegi ance to God, and accountability to him, both as individuals and as members of the body politic. The Puritans have left the impress of their characters upon the commomvealth, and in some degree upon the country. The present characteristics and condition of the different States in the Union, are in a good degree the reflex of the original 24 settlers. While New England, and some of the North-west ern States, exhibit many of the traits of the Puritan character, Virginia and South Carolina, and the States settled by them, bear in a degree those airs of fancied superiority, which showed themselves in the characters of those shabby genteel gentlemen, and swaggering idlers of ruined fortunes, who ac companied John Smith to Virginia ; and who, though too proud to labor, were ever ready to claim their full share of the pro ducts of the labors of others. Massachusetts and Virginia, to-day, reflect the character of their first settlers. The men who landed at Plymouth and who came over Avith Winthrop, had but little resemblance to those who accompanied John Smith and settled at Jamestown. The sobriety and industry of the one class, and the idle recklessness of the other ; the reverence and love of order which characterized the former, and the in subordinate and rebellious spirit manifested by the latter, are fully reflected by the two States at the present time. The social equality of the New England settlers has given us a population of freemen, where all enjoy equal rights and privi leges ; while the haughty aspirations of the few in the Virginia settlement, have given rise to that odious system of servitude which naturally tends to make one part of the community tyrants, by making another part chattels. Well, then, may we glory in our Puritan ancestry, and strive to imitate their cardi nal virtues. When the Puritans first came to New England, they probably had no fixed plan of building up an Empire on this continent. They possibly aspired at nothing higher than establishing a community Avhere they might dwell in peace, and enjoy, immo- lested, the religion they professed. They had, hoAvever, enlarged and liberal views on the subject of education, and rightly judged that sound learning was essential to the purity of the Church and the Avell-being of the State. Next, therefore, to the establishment of churches, they provided for the education of the young. No doubt the views of our ancestors underwent some modification after their arrival on these shores. Keeping their original idea of a free religious community in view, they soon perceived that it would be in their power to build up a free Commonwealth on the broad basis of religion. Every thing here seemed to favor this enlarged idea. Providence had 25 prepared the way for them. Though what is now New Eng land had been the abode of several warlike and populous tribes, they had by their repeated Avars materially reduced the popula tion. Add to this, a desolating pestilence had reigned a few years before, which had nearly depopulated a large section of country around Massachusetts Bay. This event had in a man ner thrown open to the English settlers a large tract of country which they could occupy without detriment to the aborigines. This fact contributed largely to the extending of the English settlement. Our fathers thought, and with a good degree of justice, that the earth Avas made for man ; and if God in his providence had made it desolate, any people, and especially those driven from their own country by oppression, might right fully take possession of it. After the Massachusetts Colony had established themselves, the General Court having in many cases extinguished the Indian title to the land of which they were in possession, freely granted farms and townships to individuals and to companies who were willing to settle upon them, bring them under culti vation, and maintain a gospel ministry for the glory of God and the edification of his people. This desire for land became a kind of passion among all classes in the community. All ranks and professions were more or less afflicted with this mania, from the elders in the church to the most humble pro fessor — from the Chief Magistrate of the Colony to his poorest subject. The tAvo great causes which led to the settlement of most of the towns in the interior, were the love of liberty and the love of land. The Anglo-Saxon race seem to have an innate dread of being surrounded by neighbors. The Rev. Thomas Hooker, who came to Massachusetts with his flock in 1633, left Cambridge in 1636, performed a long and difficult journey through the Avilderness, and commenced a settlement at Hart ford, Connecticut, because he thought it unwise to permit settlements as near to each other as Charlestown and Roxbury and Watertown were to Cambridge. The complaint of being " straitened for the want of more land," which Avas put forth by him thus early, appears to have been adopted by most of the early settlers, and became a fixed principle with them, and a troublesome legacy to their descendants. 26 The town of Sudbury, of which Marlborough was an offshoot, was granted as early as 1638, to Messrs. Pendleton, Noyse, Brown, and Company, and Avas incorporated the year following. In 1640, on petition of the inhabitants of Sudbury, the General Court granted them an addition of a mile in breadth on the south-east and south-west sides of their Planta tion, " provided it may not hinder a new Plantation, if there may be a convenient place and accommodation for one." The same year, six hundred additional acres were granted to Sud bury. In consequence of the exposed condition of Sudbury, Concord and Dedham, the General Court, in 1645, ordered, " That no man now inhabiting or settled in either of these towns (whether married or single) shall remove to any other toAvn without the allowance of a magistrate or other selectman of that town, until it shall please God to settle peace again." But if the people of Sudbury could not go out of town in quest of land, they could do that which amounted to nearly the same thing — viz., bring land into town. For on petition, the General Court, in 1649, passed the following order : " Sud bury is granted two miles westward next adioyning them for their further enlargement ; provided that it prejudice not Wil liam Brown in his two hundred acres already granted." But not satisfied with the possessions they had already acquired, several of the leading inhabitants of Sudbury, in May, 1656, presented the following petition to the General Court : " To the Hon. Governor, Dep. Governor, Magistrates, and Deputies of the General Court now assembled in Boston. " The Humble Petition of several of the inhabitants of Sudbury, whose names are here underwritten, showeth : That whereas your Petitioners have lived divers years in Sudbury, and God hath been pleased to increase our children, which are now diverse of them grown to man's estate ; and wee, many of us, grown into years, so that wee should bee glad to see them settled before the Lord take us away from hence, as also God having given us some considerable quantity of cattle, so that wee are so streightened that we cannot so comfortably subsist as could be desired ; and some of us having taken some pains to view the country; wee have found a place which 27 lyeth westward about eight miles from Sudbury, which wee conceive might be comfortable for our subsistence. " It is therefore the humble request of your Petitioners to this Hon'd Court, that you Avould bee pleased to grant unto us eight mfles square, or so much land as may containe to eight miles square, for to make a Plantation. " If it shall please this Hon'd Court to grant our Petition, it is further then the request of your Petitioners to this Hon'd Court, that you will be pleased to appoint Mr. Thomas Dan- forth, or Liesteni' Fisher to lay out the bounds of the Planta tion ; and wee shall satisfy those whom this Hon'd Court shall please to employ in it. So apprehending this weighty occa sion, wee shall no further trouble this Hon'd Court, but shall ever pray for your happiness. " Edmund Rice, John Howe, William Ward, John Bent, Sen'r, Thomas King, John Maynard, John Woods, Richard Newton, Thomas Goodnow, Peter Bent, John Ruddocke, Edward Rice.'' Henry Rice, To this Petition the following answer was made, at a Gen eral Court held in Boston, May 14, 1656. " In ansAver to the Petition of the aforesaid inhabitants of Sudbury, the Court judgeth it meete to grant them a propor tion of land six miles, or otherwise in some convenient form equivalent thereunto, at the discretion of the Committee, in the place desired : provided it hinder no former grant ; that there be a town settled with twenty or more families within three years, so as an able ministry may bee there maintained. " And it is ordered that Mr. Edward Jackson, Capt. Eleazer Lusher, Ephraim Child, with Mr. Thomas Danforth or Leistenl^ Fisher, shall bee, and hereby are appointed a Committee to lay out the bounds thereof, and make return to the next Court of Election, or else the grant to bee void." But it appears by the records of the General Court, that a portion of the territory asked for by the Sudbury men, had already been granted to the Indians. At a Court held May 3, 1654, " Upon the Petition of Mr. Eliot, in behalf of the In- 28 dians, liberty is granted to the Indians of Ockoocangansett,* being eight miles west of Sudbury, to make a town there, pro vided it do not prejudice any former grant, nor that they shall dispose of it without leave first had and obtained of this Court." This grant, being prior to the one made to the inhabitants of Sudbury, was carried out in good faith by the Colony, as will be seen by the records of the Court. " In reference to the case betAveen Mr. Eliot, in behalf of the Indians of Ognonikongquamesit, and the Sudbury men ; the Court finding that the Indians had a grant of a township in the place before the English, the Court determines and orders that Mr. Edward Jackson, Mr. Tho. Danforth, Mr. Ephraim Child, and Capt. Lusher, or any three of them, as a Committee, shall Avith the first convenient opportunity, if it may be before win ter, lay out a toAvnship in the said place of 6,000 acres to the Indians, in Avhich, at least, shall be three or four hundred acres of meadow ; and in case there be enough left for a convenient township for the Sudbury men, to lay it out for them ; the grant of Mr. Alcocke's (842 acres granted in 1655) confirmed by the last Court out of both excepted and reserved, and the Indians to have the Hill on which they are, and the rest of the land to be laid out adjoining to it as may be convenient to both Planta tions." This plantation was laid out by the Committee above desig nated, and accepted by the Court, as will appear more fully hereafter. As the early history of Marlborough is somewhat confused by the fact that there were two plantations — the In dian and English, the former partly included in and partially surrounded by the latter — ^it seems necessary to state that the Indian plantation, knoAvn by the name of Ockoocangansett, Avas situated in the north-easterly section of the present town ship, and included the Hill back of the old Meeting-House Common, and in fact the Common itself, and the spot on which * Amidst the different spelling of this name, I have adopted the one which prevails in the Marlborough Records. Different Records present us with the following orfhogra.yh.y—Agoganquamatiet, Agoganquamaset, Ognonikongquamesit, Oglcoonhquonkames, Ognoinkongquamescit. Some persons have supposed that different places or hills were intended by these apparently different names ; but this is a mistake. The same place is intended by each. 29 the old Meeting-House stood. It is also important to distin guish between the " Indian Planting Field" and the "Indian Plantation ; " the former consisted of some one hundred and fifty acres located on the Hill back of the Common, near the present site of the depot of the Marlborough Branch Railroad, and was more or less cultivated ; the latter extended north and east about three miles, and contained six thousand acres, the most of which was wild and uncultivated, until it passed out of the hands of the Indians. The English plantation was situated to the south and west of the Indian plantation, and by subsequent grants nearly sur rounded it. This plantation, before it was incorporated, was known by the name of Whipsufferadge or Whipsuppenicke ; the latter sounding like better Indian, is here preferred. A plan of the English plantation Avas made in May, 1667, by Samuel Andrews, Surveyor, which was approved by the Deputies, 17th 3 mo. 1667, and consented to by the Magistrates. This plan was long in possession of the town, but is now unfortunately lost ; the original is however to be found in the Archives of the State. This plantation, by admeasurement, contained 29,419 acres, which, with the 6,000 acres reserved for the Indians, made 35,419 acres. From the north-west angle of the Indian planting field, the boundary line between the Indian plantation on the east, and the English plantation on the west, runs north seven degrees west three miles, to a point beyond the Assabet * River ; thence Avest tAventy-five degrees south seven miles ; thence south-south-east five miles to the south-west extremity of the plantation ; thence east nine degrees north two miles and three-fourths, leading into Cedar swamp ; thence south-east two hundred and twenty-six rods on Sudbury River ; thence due east two miles and three quarters ; thence north-east by north two miles and one hundred and twenty rods ; thence north seventeen degrees east three hun dred and forty-eight rods ; thence due north one mile and three- fourths, which reaches to the Indian line ; thence three miles * The name of this river is variously written. "We find it Elzebeth, Asabeth, Assabeth, and Elizabeth ; though it is now generally written Assabet. The Post Office in the south-east part of Stow is called Assabet, which will give the name a permanent character, 5 30 due west on said line, which completes the boundary of the English plantation. It would seem from the above boundaries that the grant exceeded the designated quantity of land. This, however, was no fault of the proprietors. The survey was made by the officers of the Court, and adopted by the deputies and magis trates. Nor was it at all unusual to have their surveys contain more land than was mentioned in the grant. In laying out these townships, regard was generally had to the character of the country ; and as the boundaries were more or less irregular, they always calculated to make good measure ; for the doc trine which now so extensively prevails was not entirely un known to our ancestors — that there is no great harm in cheat ing the body politic, especially in land operations. We also see in the laying out of this township, the senti ment of that age reflected. Meadow lands at that period were generally sought. This will appear from the fact that Sud bury, and Concord, and Lancaster, and Brookfleld, and several towns on the Connecticut, where there were large tracts of meadow, were among the first towns settled. And whoever looks into the localities Avhere the first families settled in the earlier towns, will generally find that they were in the neigh borhood of meadows. The meadows at that day were gen erally open, and produced an abundance of grass, thereby giving the English setders a supply of food for their cattle, without the labor of clearing dense forests.* Marlborough did not, in its central part, contain any large tract of meadow land ; but by extending its boundaries so as to take in the valley of the Assabet, a portion of the meadows on Sudbury river, and a large number of smaller meadows and swamps, the wants of the people in these respects were well supplied. And the value they placed upon these low lands, fully appears by the fact that immediately after assigning to the proprietors their house lots, they proceeded at once to divide * At the first settlement of the country, many of the meadows were found free from wood, like the prairies of the West. This is generally ascribed to the prevalence of fires set by the natives, for the purpose of destroying the hiding places of their game, and at the same time to enable them in the open land to intercept any enemies they might be pursuing. The fact that these meadows are inclined to grow up to wood in these days, shows that some such cause must have kept them open up to that time. 31 and lay out their meadows, that they might have " grass for cattle " as well as " fruits for the service of man." The Indian Plantation is so intimately connected with Marl borough, and the history of the two is so interwoven, that it seems highly desirable to point out, as nearly as may be, its local position. From two old maps, drawn at different times, and by different persons, and varying somewhat from each other, I have constructed a diagram, which may enable the reader to form some idea of its situation. The draft I have given includes some additions or alterations that were made between 1667 and 1700 ; and especially a grant made to Marl borough in 1700, on the line of Stow, north of the Indian Plantation. -\^.. EXPLANATION. The dotted line denotes the boundary of Marlborough before Westborough and Southborough were set off. The plain line denotes the boundary of the Indian Plant ation. The flgures are explained below. 1. The Indian Planting Field, on the south-west corner of which the Meeting- House was located. 2. The Indian Plantation. 3. A section of the Assabet River. Having obtained the grant of the township at Whipsuppe nicke, the proprietors, on the 25th of September, 1656, held their first meeting, at which the following votes were passed :v " It is concluded and ordered. That all y' doe take up lotts in y' Plantation shall pay to all public charges y' shall arise upon .32 y« Plantation, according to their House Lotts, and themselves to be residents there within two years, or set A man in, that y» Town shall approve of, or else to lose their lotts ; but if God shall take away any man by death, such A one hath liberty to give his lott to Avhom he will, this order to the contrary not withstanding." The same year, at a public meeting, .„, T,. ' / " Were chosen to put the Affairs of Thomas King, [ , . , -n, ^ \- ¦ j , -.,_,,, , > the said new Plantation in an orderly John Ruddocke, and C -w " John Howe, ^ ^' In September, 1657, the following names, in addition to the original grantees, appear on their list : William Kerly, Solomon Johnson, John Rediat, Samuel Rice, John Johnson, Peter King, Thomas Rice, Christopher Banister. Measures were taken at an early day to divide a portion of their lands among the proprietors, so as to facilitate the settle ment of the plantation. Expenses having occurred, and ques tions arising relative to the respective titles to their lots, the proprietors, at a meeting held December 26, 1659, adopted measures to relieve these embarrassments, and solve these doubts. "It is ordered that all such as lay clayme to any interest in the new Plantion at Whipsuppenicke are to perfect their house lots by the 25th of March next ensuing, or else loose all their interest in the aforesaid Plantation. " It is also ordered that every one y' hath A Lott in y= afore said Plantation, shall pay twenty shillings by the 25th of March ensuing, or else to loose all legal interest in y° aforesaid Plan tation." " At a Meeting of y» inhabitants and proprietors of this Plan tation y= 6th of y* xi month, 1659, "It is ordered that A Rate bee made for diffraying and satis fying y« charge for Laying out of this plantation and other publicke charges to be collected of the inhabitants and propri- 33 eters of y° same, at y° rate of nine pence per acre upon all House Lotts already taken up, and upon such as shall here after be taken up." Immediately before the grant of the Plantation of Whipsup penicke to Edmund Rice and others of Sudbury, the General Court granted to Mr. John Alcocke, and confirmed unto him 842 acres of land which he had caused to be laid out between the two Indian toAvns of Natick and Whipsuppenicke, bounded according to draft presented to the Court, together Avith permis sion to add one hundred and odd acres more, provided it hinder no former grant. In virtue of authority here given, 1,042 acres were laid out and confirmed to Mr. Alcocke. But a contro versy immediately arose between him and the Whipsuppenicke Company, which claimed a portion of his grant. This contro versy was happily terminated in 1659, when John Alcocke, on the one part, and Edmund Rice, John Ruddocke and John Howe, in behalf of the proprietors of the plantation, entered into an agreement by which tAVO hundred acres of Alcocke's grant were relinquished to the proprietors of the plan tation. Alcocke subsequently petitioned the General Court, which granted him two hundred acres of land in " lieu of the two hundred acres he grattiffyed y° plantation of Whipsup penicke out of his oune." Mr. Alcocke was an inhabitant of Roxbury, and was a man of liberal education. He was often employed by the Colony, and for his services had several grants of land. The land above referred to was on the south-easterly borders of Marl borough. After the death of Alcocke, this tract, or " farm," as it was generally called, fell into the hands of his heirs, among whom was Ephraim Hunt, of Weymouth, who married Alcocke's daughter. On the 25th of December, 1695, Samuel Bigelow, John Bemis, Joseph Morse, and Samuel Morse, described as husbandmen of Watertown, bought of said Hunt, for three hundred pounds, three hundred and fifty acres of land formerly granted to Dr. Alcocke, bordering on Marlborough, and called 'The Farm.' Joseph Morse settled in the house said to have been built by Alcocke ; Samuel built southerly, and their brother Jonathan afterward bought and built on a tract of land adjoining, so that one garrison would protect all the families. 34 In 1700 the town petitioned the General Court that the farms bounding upon the town be set to Marlborough, which was in part granted. But ' The Farm ' itself was not included in this annexation. The inhabitants at first were willing to remain as they were, being exempt from all municipal bur dens. But the inhabitants of Marlborough complained that the people upon ' The Farm ' were exempt from taxation, while they enjoyed many of the privileges of the town. In 1718, Joseph Morse, John Bigelow, John Sherman, Samuel Bigelow, Thomas Bigelow and Daniel Harrington, who re sided on ' The Farm,' joined the inhabitants of Marlborough in a petition to the General Court, that said 'Farm' be annexed to Marlborough. The Court granted their request, and the territory Avas annexed to the town, and is known to this day as ' The Farm.' The proprietors of the Plantation soon felt the need of being erected into a municipal corporation, and consequently preferred their prayer for that purpose to the Court. On petition of the proprietors, the General Court, May 31, 1660, Old Style,* took action, Avhich is thus recorded in the Colony Records. * By the change of style, this Act of Incorporation falls upon the 12th of June in 1860. It may be interesting to some, to state the occasion for the change from Old to New Style. The Julian Year consisted of 365 days and ,6 hours — thus making a year too long by about 11 minutes. In 1582 Pope Gregory XIII. attempted to reform the Calendar. From the time of the Council of Nice to the time of Gregory, this excess of eleven minutes amounted to ten days. In order to obviate this error, it was ordained that the year 1582 should consist of 365 days only, aud that ten days, between the 4th and 15th of October, should be thrown out of the Calendar for that year ; and also to pre vent any further irregularity, that no year commencing a century should be leap-year, excepting each four hundredth year ; whereby three days are abated every four hundred years, that being nearly equal to eleven minutes for every year during that period ; leaving an error of only one day in 5,200 years. The Calendar before the days of Gregory was the Julian, and is commonly called Old Style, and the Calendar of Gregory has been denominated New Style. Though the New Style was at once adopted in Catholic countries, it was not adopted by Great Britain or her Colonies tUl 1752. Previous to that year, two methods of beginning the year prevailed in England ; the ecclesi astical and legal year beginning on the 26th of March, and the historical year on the 1st of January. The change of Style adopted by England, 1752, fixed January 1st as the commencement of the year. This difference in the commencement of the year led to a system of double dating from the first of January to the twenty-fifth of March — thus : January 10, 1724-5 or 172|— the 4 denoting the Ecclesiastical, and the 5 the Historical year. From 1582 to 1699 the difference in the styles was 10 days ; from 1700 to 1800, 11 days ; since 1800, 12 days. 35 " In answer to the petition of the Whipsuppenicke planters, this Court considering theire former obstructions, doe confirme theire grante, and lands thereof, as it Avas laid out by the Com mittee empowered thereto by this Court, in case they proceed in planting the same according to the intent of the Court in their first grant, and the same be accomplished within two years next ensuing. " And it is ordered that the name of the said plantation shall be called Marlborow : and that Mr. Chauncy* be by them repaid all his charges expended in laying out his farm in the place, and he hath liberty to lay out the same in any lands not formerly granted by this Court." Having been erected into a toAvn, the proprietors at once entered upon the duties of a municipal corporation. But unfor tunately their early records were meagre, and some of them have been lost. We are compelled to rely mainly upon the Records of the Proprietors, instead of the Records of the Town. * The Pond situated in what is now Westborough, has from the earliest day of the settlement, been known by the name of " Chauncy; " and in fact that name was formerly given to the whole of that section of Marlborough. Rev. Mr. Parkman, of Westborough, who was settled there in 1724, gives the following account of the origin of the name. " It is said in early times one Mr. Chauncy was lost in one of the swamps here, and from hence this part of the town had its name." This tradition is undoubtedly fabulous. The Records of the General Court contain facts which will place this matter in its true light. President Chauncy, the first of the name in the Colony, owing to the smallness of his salary as head of the College, had several grants of land. The Commis sioners for locating one pf these grants, make the following Report : " Whereas John Stone and Andrew Belcher were appointed to lay out a farme for Mr. Charles Chauncy, President of Harvard College, we have gone and look ed on a place, and there is taken up a tract of land bounded on this manner ; on the east by a little swampe neare an Indian wig warn with an orchard of apple trees belonging to the wigwam, a playne joyning to the swamp, the playne runing to a great Pond, and from thence to Assebeth River ; and this line is circular on the north side ; the south line runing to the south side of a piece of meadow call ed Jacob's Meadow, and so to continue till it reach to the said Assebeth River. "18: 8: 1659. Andrew Belcher." The following year, on petition of the proprietors of Marlborough, the Court confirmed their former grant, and as it included the grant made to Mr. Chauncy, it was provided that Marlborough should pay to said Chauncy " all his charges expended in laying out his farm, and he hath liberty to lay out the same in any lands not formerly granted by the Court." Chauncy accordingly gave up his farm, but left his name upon the place ; and so Chauncy Pond, to this day, marks the locality of his grant, and the name will m all probability rest upon that sheet of water as long as the records of the early settlements are known. 36 " At a Meeting of the inhabitants of the town, (ordered by the General Court to be called Marlborough,) Sept. 20, 1660 : " It is ordered, That every person y' claims any interest in the town of Marlborough, shall pay to all publicke charge, both for the minister and for all other town charges that have arisen about the plantation to this day from the beginning thereof, according to their proportion in y* rate now presented with said proportion due ; every person to pay at or before the 10th of November next ensuing, or else loose all legal interest in the aforesaid plantation ; that is to say, four pence an acre for each acre of their House Lotts to the Minister, and three pence for all the estate that hath been kept or brought to keep, being found in the town or about the town ; and nine pence an acre for every acre of their House Lotts to town charges, till all the debts that are due from the town to them that have been em ployed by the town or the plantation thereof" This vote is signed^ by Edmund Rice, William Kerly, Thomas King, Henry Kerly, Solomon Johnson, John Howe, Richard Newton, Christopher Banister, William Ward, John Johnson. Thomas Goodnow, John Ruddocke. These men were undoubtedly residents in the town at that time, but this could not have been the whole number of the male inhabitants. It seems that they were, like all the New England settlers, alive to the great subject of religious institutions ; for at the same meeting, " It is ordered that there bee a rate made ffor Mr. William Brimsmead, Minister, to bee collected of the inhab itants and proprietors of the town (for six months) at the rate of four pence per acre upon House Lotts, and three pence per Pound upon cattle." Like other communities starting into being, they appear to have had plenty of business on hand. They proceeded on the 26th of November to lay out their house lots. As some portion of them had been in the township two or three years previous to this division, it is probable that in some cases, it was rather a confirmation than an original grant. As the persons to whom 37 these lots were assigned were either inhabitants at the time or soon became so, I will give their names, and the quantity of land to each. Names, Acres. Names. Acres. Edmund Rice, . . . . 50 Andrew Belcher, . . 20 William Ward, . . . 50 Obadiah Ward, . . 21 John Ruddocke, . . . 50 Edward Rice, . . . 35 Thomas Goodnow, . 32 Richard Ward, . 18 Joseph Rice, . . . . 22 John Woods, Sen. . 30^ Samuel Rice, . . . . 21 John Maynard, . 23 Christopher Banister, . 16 Peter King, . . . 22 Thomas King, . . . . 39i Benjamin Rice, . . 24 William Kerly, . . . . 30 A Minister, . . . . 30 Solomon Johnson, . 23 Peter Bent, . . . . 30 John Johnson, . . . . 30 John Bellows, . . . 20 Richard Newton, . . . 30 Abraham Howe, . . 25 John Howe, Sen. . . . 30 Thomas Goodnow, Ji . . 20 John Howe, Jr. . . . . 16 John Rutter, . . . 30 Henry Kerly, . . . . 194 John Barrett, . . . 18 Richard Barnes, . . . 16 John Rediat, . . . 224 Thomas Rice, . . . . 3^ A Black-Smith, . . 30 Joseph Holmes, . . . . 18 Henry Axtell, . . . 15 Samuel Howe, . . . . 16 John Newton, . . . 16 The number of acres granted to the thirty-eight parties men tioned, for house lots in the town, amounted to 993^. This distribution of land for house lots shows who the pro prietors were at the time the town was incorporated, and the quantity of land granted to each proves their relative interest in the township ; and it exhibits another important fact, that every settlement at that day, was regarded as incomplete until they had a settled minister among them. The setting apart thirty acres for a blacksmith also shows their just appreciation of a mechanic in a new settlement. Having provided house lots for the proprietors, embracing about a thousand acres of their accessible and valuable up lands, they proceeded to assign to each proprietor a portion of the meadows, which at that time were held in high esteem, as affording at once grass and hay for their cattle. By the record of this division, we learn the names given to the re spective meadows, many of which have come down to the present day, and will probably remain household words for centuries to come. We find the names of Angular Meadow, 38 Hawk Meadow, Handkerchief Meadow, Long Meadow, Rock Island Meadow, Castle Meadow, and the better preserved names of Flag MeadoAV, Fort Meadow, Stony Brook Meadow, Crane Meadow, Cedar Meadow, Stirrup Meadow, and Cold Harbor Meadow. Having assigned house lots to the proprietors, and made other grants to individuals, they adopted, at a meeting held on the 10th of February, 1662, the following order, Avhich con tains more evidence of their zeal than of their foresight : " It is ordered that all the lands situate and lying within this town, that are not already granted, from Mr. John Alcocke's line down to Stony Brook, and from thence up the Brook to Crane Meadow, and so along Stirrip Meadow Brook, and to be extended as the Brook runs to Assabeth River, and down the said River till it comes to the Indian Line ; and all the lands that were taken south of said Indian Line towards Sudbury, are and shall remain a perpetual Cow Common, for the use of the town, never to be allotted without the consent of all the inhabitants and proprietors thereof, at full meeting ; excepting fourscore acres of upland within the aforesaid tract of land, to accommodate some such desirable persons withall, as need may require, opportunity present, and the toAvn accept of." It is exceedingly difficult for the first settlers in any new country, to ascertain the future wants of the inhabitants ; and hence provisions looking far into the future are generally un wise. Dispositions of property in perpetuity, generally become sources of embarrassment and contention. So it proved in this case. The increasing wants of the inhabitants and the grow ing demands for land, showed the propriety, if not the neces sity, of dividing the Cow Commons. But it Avas hai-dly pos sible to obtain the consent of every inhabitant and proprietor. Yet the wisdom of the measure became so apparent, that, after a considerable effort, a vote was obtained February 18, 1706, " That the proprietors will divide the Cow Commons." This gave rise to many difficulties, as the vote was not unanimous ; and finally a Petition was preferred to the General Court, which, on full consideration of the subject, on the first of No vember, 1709, " Resolved, That it be recommended to the Inhabitants and Selectmen of Marlborough, to make such im provements of the reserved and common lands of said town. 39 as will be most encouraging and beneficial to the advancement and increase of the plantation." We have seen that as early as 1660, a tax Avas imposed to pay Rev. Mr. Brimsmead, who it appears was then laboring with them as their minister. In May, 1661, a similar vote was passed for the support of the ministry, of three pence half penny per acre upon house lots, and the same per pound upon cattle. In April of the same year, Obadiah Ward, Christopher Banister and Richard Barnes, agreed with the toAvn " to build a frame for a minister's house every way like the frame that Mr. John Ruddocke built for himself, to be a girt house, 26 feet long, 18 feet wide, and 12J feet high between joints ; the studs standing at such a distance that a four foot and a half clap board may reach three studs, and be of floor-joice, and four windoAvs on the foreside, and two Avindows at the Avestern, and two gables on the foreside, and eight feet square, with two small Avindows on the foreside of the gables. And they are to fell all the timber, and bring it in place, and do all that belongs to the frame, only the town is to help raise the aforesaid frame ; and all this work is to be done, and the frame raised, within a fortnight after Michael tyde ; and this being done, the town of Marlborough doth promise and engage to pay to them the sura of fifteen pounds in corn, within fourteen days after the house is raised — the one half of it — and the other half sometime in March — the whole pay to be one-third in wheat and one-third in rye, and the other third in Indian corn ; the half in wheat and rye is to be paid fourteen days after the house is up, and the half in rye and Indian corn sometime in March ; wheat at four shillings and sixpence a bushel, rye at four shillings a bushel, and Indian corn at three shillings a bushel ; to be paid at Sudbury, between Peter King's and Sarjent Wood's house in the streete." This house appears to have been completed in due season, and at a meeting of the inhabitants, held on the 3d day of No vember, 1662, it was voted, " That Mr. William Brimsmead, Minister, shall have the frame and the lot it stands upon, which was appointed for a Minister in this town, with all the accommodations thereunto belonging, to be his and his heirs and assigns forever." This house stood not far from the first Meeting-House on the south-west side of the Indian Planting 40 Field ; and Avas probably a good specimen of what was then deemed to be the first style of architecture for a gendeman's mansion. It Avas built after the fashion of the house of Mr. Ruddocke, who appears to have been one of the Avealthiest and most learned men in the place, and who was for several years intrusted with the Records of the Town. The house of Mr. Brimsmead Avas set on fire by the Indians in King Philip's War, and was consumed at the time the Meeting-House was burnt. ¦ Having provided a house for the minister, their minds would naturally turn upon a House in which he should dis pense to them the word of life. Accordingly, at the same meeting, a tax of twelve pence per acre on their house lots was imposed, for the purpose of erecting a House of Public Wor ship. The House thus provided for, and which was burnt by the Indians in 1676, stood on the Old Common, near the newly erected High School House, and within the limits of the Indian Planting Field, which Avas one source of hostile feeling on the part of the Indians. The site was subsequently purchased of an Indian, whose title to the soil was probably disputed by his brethren of the Ockoocangansett Plantation. The Deed of Anamaks appears to be full and perfect, and such as would pass the land, if the rightful fee was in him. " Marlborough, the 4th of April, 1663. Kriow all men by these presents, That I, Anamaks, Indian of Whipsuppenicke, for divers reasons and considerations, have given, granted, bargain ed and sold unto John Ruddocke and John HoAve, of the town of Marlborough, in the County of Middlesex, New England, to the proper use and behoof of the said town of Marlborough, the land y' the Meeting-House of the said town now stands on, and also the land from the highway on the foreside of the Meeting-House, and so on a square ten feet round about the said Meeting-House. I say I have sold the same unto the aforesaid John Ruddocke and John Howe, for the proper and only use and behoof of the inhabitants or proprietors of the said town of Mariborough, to have and to hold, to them the aforesaid town and proprietors thereof, and to their heirs, execu tors, administrators and assigns, to their only use and behoof forever. And I do hereby bind myself, my heirs, executors and 41 administrators, to give them, and that they shall have full and quiet possession of the aforementioned land forever : and I do hereby free them also, y" aforesaid town of Marlborough and the proprietors and inhabitants thereof, from any claims, de mand, or molestation of any man, woman or child whatsoever, that shall disturb them in or eject them out of the free, full or peaceable enjoyment and possession thereof, from the day and date hereof, and so forever, as witness my hand." This land, with the addition of a small tract purchased of Daniel, Samuel, and Nathaniel Gookin, sons of Gen. Daniel Gookin, of Cambridge, in 1688, constitutes what was the old Common — the whole of which did not come into full possession of the town till 1706, when the last parcel was purchased by Abraham Williams and Joseph Rice, " for the use of the town, to set a Meeting-House on." The town, after its incorporation, Avas organized by choosing Edmund Rice, William Ward, John Ruddocke, John Howe, Thomas King, Solomon Johnson and Thomas Goodnow, Se lectmen; and John Ruddocke, Clerk. They then proceeded to attend to the municipal affairs of the town. It was provided that swine should be rung and yoked, and cattle should be pro vided Avith a keeper ; and to shoAV that they Avere in earnest in this by-law, they fixed a penalty of three pence on each sAvine, and six pence on each horned animal which shall be found at large, in violation of said provisions. They also provided that every man should have his fences properly made up and finish ed by the 15th of April, under the penalty of twelve pence a rod for every rod that shall be found unmade or insufficiently made after that day. They also applied themselves to the subject of public travel, and laid out diverse roads for the convenience of the inhabi tants, with a width of four rods — an example which might be safely copied by their descendants at the present day. q^hey also provided for a County road to Sudbury, and contracted for the building of a bridge over Sudbury River, for " horse and man and laden carts to pass over at all times." That their fos tering care extended to the health and comfort of brute animals, may be seen by the following vote passed in 1663. " It is ordered that no person shall lay or put any fflax or hemp into 42 any pond or brooke within this town, where cattle use to drink, on penalty of paying to the town's use twenty shillings for every offense ; and whosoever hath now any fflax or hemp in any pond or brooke as aforesaid, shall cause the same to be taken out within four and twenty hours after the date hereof, on penalty of paying the said sum." These votes of the early settlers were a solemn reality, and whoever attempted to disregard or evade them, Avas made to feel the weight of the penalty and to acknowledge the supre macy of the law. No one subject of police regulation gave them more perplexity than that of restraining the bristly herd. We have already seen that they early provided that swine should be yoked and rung. But such was the perverseness of the swinish herd, or their owners, that within two years, it Avas found necessary to legislate further upon the subject. The penalty of three pence per head, on each swine unruiig and un yoked, proving insufficient, " It was ordered that all the swine found going at large within the town shall be sufficiently yoked and rung, at or before the 14th of April, on penalty of six pence per yoke and six pence per ring, that shall be found wanting ; which sum shall be paid by the owner of such swine." And to prevent any evasion of this order, or to pass off any thing as a yoke which was insufficient, they further ordered, " That the part of the yoke y' goes under the throat is to be so long as the swine is high, and those parts of the yoke that goes up by both sides of the necke, is to be so long as will rise two hand fulls above y" uppermost part of y° swine's necke." After the first division of land, there appears to have been but little addition to the inhabitants for several years. Abraham Williams was admitted as a proprietor in 1663, and John Woods, the same year, and Capt. Wheeler about the same time. There were, however, some families added by the mar riage or settling in town of some of the sons of the original proprietors. It would be interesting, were it practicable, to give the loca tion of the first settlers. But it is hardly possible. Most of the proprietors, by the different divisions, had lots in different parts of the town ; and it is highly probable that the same indi vidual might reside in different places at different times. There was a general spirit of land speculation among the inhabitants, 43 and a good deal of the real estate changed hands. Moreover, it is certain that several of the early settlers had adult sons, when ¦they came to town, and these took up their abode in the differ ent parts of the township. As the original house lots were not laid out by metes and bounds, and the only description Ave have on record is little more than this — that A. 's lot was bound ed on the west by B.'s, and B.'s was bounded on the east by A.'s, and that C.'s lot was adjoining F.'s, and bounded else where by undivided land — Ave have no certain guide in fixing the locality of many of the early inhabitants. It seems, however, to be conceded, that John Howe Avas the first white inhabitant who settled in the town. He probably came to the place as early as 1657 or '58, and built him a cabin a little east of the Indian planting field, about one-third of a mile north-easterly of Spring Hill Meeting-House, Avhere the late Edward Rice resided. Though his habitation was in the immediate vicinity of the native tribe of Indians, he succeeded in securing not only their friendship, but their entire confidence and esteem. This place was in possession of his descendants for several generations. Edmund Rice is supposed to have resided near where the present Town Hall stands. William Ward's homestead was south-westerly of the Meeting-House Common, on what is now known as the Hay- den place. John Woods, Sen., resided near the east village, on the road towards Southborough. John Maynard settled south-easterly of the Meeting-House, west of the house lot of John Woods, being near the place where Mr. Israel Howe now resides. Jonathan Johnson's house lot was directly south of the old Common, and was given to him on condition that he should reside in town a specified time, and do the smith-work for the people. John Ruddocke's place was north-westerly of the Meeting- House, on the spot where widow Joseph HoAve now resides. Christopher Banister's house lot was on the north of John Ruddocke's, and bounded on the east by the Indian Line, being near the old John Gleason place. 44 John Barrett resided near Christopher Banister. His lot was bounded east by the Indian Line, and south by the house lot of Banister ; and was near the Barnes place. Abraham Howe resided near School-House No. 2, west of John Ruddocke. Edward Rice located himself on the east of the present residence of widow Otis Russell, having Abraham Howe easterly of him. Thomas Rice resided north of the Pond, and probably not far from the present residence of Moses Howe. William Kerly probably resided at the lower end of South Street, on the south road to Boston. Richard Ward's house lot was west of the Indian Line, and probably near the old John Gleason place. Samuel Brigham resided three-fourths of a mile east of the East Village, ¦ near the old tan-yard of the late Capt. Daniel Brigham. Thomas Brigham resided in the westerly part of the town, on the place now knoAvn as the Warren Brigham place, on the south road to Northborough. John Bent took up his abode south of the Pond, on the place where the late Daniel Stevens resided. The farm was in the possession of the Bent family for several generations. Richard Barnes, who came to the country with the Bent family, located himself a little to the south of the Bent place, on the farm now owned by Dr. Barnes. This place has always remained in possession of some one of the family. Abraham Williams, who became a proprietor in 1663, located himself near the south-easterly end of the Pond, a site long known as the old Williams Tavern stand. Thomas Goodnow's original house was north of the Meet ing-House, probably near the Solomon Barnes place, and was bounded on the east by the Indian Line. With one of the the most delightful and fertile plantations in the Colony, and a good supply of open meadows, yielding abundant crops prepared to their hands ; with a good gospel minister, and whatever else is necessary to make any settle ment prosperous, we might reasonably suppose that they would 45 be contented and happy. But alas for the infirmities of human nature ! Divisions arose and difficulties multiplied among them. Councils were called ; the General Court was involved ; but all these means for a time proved unavailing. In the absence of full ToAvn and Church Records, the latter being irrecoverably lost, we are unable to state fully the causes of this alienation, or to decide who were in fault. Neither are Ave in possession of facts Avhich Avill enable us to state all the efforts that Avere made to bring about an adjustment of these unhappy difficulties. By the Records of the General Court, and by papers preserved in the Archives of the State, we are enabled to glean some information concerning the affairs of that period. We have seen that in 1660 and 1662, the people of the place were attached to Mr. Brimsmead, and seemed happy under his ministry. They had liberally erected him a dwelling, and reared a house in Avhich to meet him in their weekly Avorship. But in 1664 there appears to have been a general ferment in tha^ town, by which their ecclesiastical as well as civil relations, were disturbed. The policy of the proprietors, from the first, appears to have been marked by some degree of stringency. Thus in September, 1659, they declare that all persons who do not perfect their house lots, and pay twenty shillings by the 22d of March following, shall forfeit the title to their lands, and all rights in the plantation ; and in their grants for taxes, they annex the same penalty for non-payment, and give but a brief period for the payment of these rates. The natural scar city of money, in every new settlement, should have induced a lenient policy. But as some, perhaps from necessity, failed to meet these demands within the time specified, the penalty of forfeiture thus incurred, was attempted to be enforced. But the delinquents petitioned the General Court, which sent out a committee to inquire into the facts of the case. This commit tee reported in 1663,' that in all such cases of forfeiture, the town should pay for all betterments Avhich had been made on the forfeited estates ; and that henceforth " no town act passe, but in some publicke toAvne Meeting orderly called, and only by such as are by lawe enabled so to doe ; " — which Report was accepted by the Court. This fair and equitable order, which should have been satis factory to all parties, proved but the signal for further strife. 7 46 Petition after petition was presented to the General Court, and committee after committee was appointed to hear and adjust their difficulties. In 1664, seventeen* of the inhabitants of the town respect fully ask the General Court to appoint a committee, with full power to hear and setde all their difficulties. They declare that their differences are such as render them incapable of carrying on their affairs. They allege that these difficulties are of long standing, and admit, probably with some degree of truth, that these troubles have arisen " partly from our own corruption, and the temptations of Satan, hindering their own good feelings in matters both civil and ecclesiastical, which have been and are very uncomfortable to them and their friends." This application, apparently reasonable in itself, drew forth a remonstrance, signed by about an equal number of inhabitants,! who deny that there is any considerable difficulty, and declare that they " never went about to destroy the Toavu Book, but only to rectify what was amis in it." They also declare that they never went about to "root out their minister." They allege that, in point of "gravity," they are "able to balance or overbalance" the petitioners; that they pay nearly twice as much as the petitioners towards civil and ecclesiastical institu tions ; and conclude by saying, " We are willing, with our per sons and estates, to uphold the Authority of the Country, and do therefore desire the liberty of the law which gives towns power to transact their own affairs." The General Court, however, more desirous of having these difficulties setded than some of the inhabitants of the town, appointed a committee to adjust them. But after considerable delay, the committee, or at least a part of them, were dis- * The petitioners in this case were, William Wdrd, Andrew Belcher, Chris topher Banister, Abraham WUliams, Samuel Ward, John Ruddocke, John Woods, Sen., Solomon Johnson, Thomas Goodnow, Obadiah Ward, William Kerly, John Johnson, Thomas Barnes, Abraham Howe, Nathaniel Johnson, \rohn Woods, Jr., and John Barnes. t The citizens who opposed the. appointment of a Committee were Thomas Kmg, John Howe, Samuel Rice, Joseph Rice, John Barrett, Thomas Brigham, .John Brigham, John Newton, Richard Barnes, Thomas Barrett, John Rediat, Richard Newton, Edmund Rice, Peter Bent, John Rutter, Thomas Rice, John Maynard, and John Bellows. 47 charged, and others Avere appointed in their stead ; and after about ten years, a Report was made and accepted by the Court. Under date of May 27, 1674, we find on the Records the following entry, which appears to have been the final result, after all other expedients had failed. " The Return of the Committee appointed for Marlborough, humbly showeth : " That according to our best skill, we have attended the ser vice of that place, and the promotion of the settlement thereof. In pursuance of the fatherly care of this Court for their welfare, several jom-nies we have made to them, and much time we have spent in hearing and discussing matters of differ ence and difficulties among them ; and the result of all which is now mostly contained in the Ncav Town Book, Avhich we have caused to be finished, wherein not only their fundamental orders and grants are recorded, but also the particular stating and bounding of all those lands that are already laid out to the several inhabitants there. This Ncav Town Book, as it now stands under the hands of Mr. John Green, we have by our order publicly approved, enstamping upon it what authority is with us to convey, humbly representing to this honored Court, that their acceptance and confirmation thereof, will be in our apprehensions, a competent way, and (as now circumstanced) the likeliest way for the attainment of the peace of that place, and a foundation of future good to them, which we leave to your Wisdom's consideration and determination. " And remain, your humble servants, "LYMAN a;VILLARD, "WM. STOUGHTON, "HUGH MASON." " The Court thankfully accepts of the labor and pains of this Committee, and do in answer to this return, allow and confirm the Town Book by them finished and stated as above — which Town Book shall from henceforth be the authentic record of the Town of Marlborough, as to the several particulars therein contained and conducted, — each inhabitant and person con cerned, being required to take notice thereof, and yield obedi ence accordingly." 48 A Report thus full and explicit, covering apparendy the whole ground of the long and bitter contest about the correct ness of their Records, and the consequent title to a great part of their respective lands ; heartily approved and endorsed as it was by the Court itself — the supreme power in this case — we might suppose would he the end of all strife. But as soon as this Report and the Order of the Court thereon, were promul gated, Thomas King, who appears to have been fond of the. bitter waters of strife, together with other inhabitants of the town, preferred another petition, reflecting upon this Commit tee, and demanding another hearing. The Court passed upon this petition May 12, 1675, and fixed a time for another hearing. But owing, probably, to the Indian war which immediately ensued, and broke up, temporarily, the settlement, the parties, it would seem, did not appear to prose cute their case. But true to that instinct which leads "from battles Avon to new succeeding strife," as soon as they had rid themselves of their savage foe, they renewed the quarrel among themselves, and the Court appointed Thomas Danforth, Deputy Governor Joseph Dudley, Esq., Capt. Lawrence Hammond, Capt. Daniel Fisher, and Capt. Thomas Brattle, to repair to the place, to hear the complaints, and ^^ finally and authoritatively to determine and settle all matters of difference among them." On the 9th of October, 1679, the Committee made their Report, in which they find some persons " justly blamable for their turbulently opposing the order of the former Committee." They ordered that certain portions of Assabet Meadow should be divided in a specified way ; in relation to the supporting of the ministry, they declare " that the allowance made to Rev. Mr. Brimsmead is much short of his deserts, and of what is needful for an honorable maintenance, and therefore advise to an amendment of that matter. And finally, with reference to the Book of Records of the Town, we do order that the same be delivered to the Selectmen for the time being ; and the Selectmen are ordered to take care that the Acts of the former Committees, together with this writing, be fairly entered into the above said book." This Report was signed by Thomas Danforth, Joseph Dudley, Thomas Brattle and Lawrence Ham mond, and was approved and confirmed by the Court. While this long and bitter controversy was carried on in 49 relation to their temporal affairs, and especially in reference to their land, which in all new countries is the all-absorbing theme, their ecclesiastical affairs were neglected and somcAvhat embroiled. As early as 1664, when the contest commenced, touching their records and their lands, Ave find their religious concerns so closely connected with the civil, that the estrange ment extended to both ; and while Legislative Committees were invoked to restore quiet in the toAvn, Ecclesiastical Coun cils were called to preserve harmony in the parish. We have seen that provision was made for a Minister and a Meeting house in 1662, and that such was their attachment to their Minister, that they erected him a house ; but within tAvo years from that time, the difficulties which grew out of their secular affairs, extended to their religious, and prevented not only their growth in grace, but their enjoyment of the outward ordinances of religion. In 1664, John Howe, Sen., Richard Newton, John Rediat, Edward Rice, Thomas Rice, Peter Bent, Thomas King, Samuel Rice, and Joseph Rice petitioned the Magistrates for permission to establish a church — setting forth that their distance from the church at Sudbury, of which they were members, rendered it inconvenient to go there to enjoy church privileges ; that there were several aged sisters residing in Marlborough, who were almost entirely deprived of the privi leges of communion ; and that there were others in town who would gladly unite with the church, if one Avere established in the place. But the same antagonism which appeared in their secular affairs, showed itself here also ; and crimination and recrimina tion were permitted to prevail, to the regret and grief of their spiritual guide. At length a Council Avas called, consisting of Rev. Messrs. John Sherman, Jonathan Mitchell, Edward Brown, and Joseph Rolandson, to hear the case and recommend such measures as they might deem for the best interest of the Redeemer's cause, and for the peace and harmony of the brethren. After a full hearing of the parties, the Council expressed their regret at the unhappy state of things existing among the people, but spoke in flattering terms of Rev. Mr. Brimsmead, who had labored with them from the first, and to whom they were all attached until these unpleasant differences had arisen. They also recommended the appointment of a 50 committee, selected from the people themselves, to devise measures for the peace and harmony of the Society. The Conned close their Report by the following salutary advice. "After so long a time of troublesome difficulties, wherein hath not been wanting both sin and affliction on all hands ; it will be meet and serviceable to be much with humiliation before God, and to spend some day, or days that may be, in public prayer ; after which, and after their spirits are somewhat sweetened and satisfied mutually, it may be meet without too long delay to gather a church here — it being done according to approved order, with the presence and approbation of the messengers of the churches." About the time of this controversy, Mr. Brimsmead, who had labored with them from their first organization, probably dis heartened by their distracted state, left the place, and preached for a time in Plymouth, where he was invited to settle, but de clined the call. He subsequently returned to Marlborough, where he Avas settled, October 3, 1666, with a salary of forty ^pounds. A church was instituted, according to the custom of the times, on the day of the ordination ; and thus ended the unhappy controversy, and the church enjoyed quiet for about thirty-five years. Mr. Brimsmead was a native of Dorchester, and a son of William Brimsmead, of that town. He was educated at Har vard College, but never took his degree. In consequence of the college term being lengthened from three to four years, the class to which he belonged did not graduate till 1648 ; but he, with sixteen others, left in 1647. Mr. Brimsmead is represented as being a good scholar, and a man of ability. He preached the Election Sermon in 1681 — a distinction which shows the high estimation in which he was held by the leading men of the Colony. The sermon was printed. The clergy held him in high estimation ; and he Avas one of those ministers whom the magistrates often consulted in times of difficulty and danger. Prince, in enumerating the authorities which he consulted in preparing his Annals, mentions a journal in Latin kept by Mr. Brimsmead, from 1665 to 1695. Whether this journal related to secular events, as Avell as religious, we are not informed. No journal of his, covering the whole of that period, is known to be in existence at this time. There is, however, a manu- 51 script journal in Latin, kept by him from 1682 to 1695, in which he has carefully noted his public labors on the Sabbath, and on days of Public Thanksgiving and Fasting ; giving the subject on which he preached, and the book, chapter and verse, where his text may be found ; and sometimes a brief statement of the positions taken in his discourses. He also notes, in the same manner, the discourses he delivered at the houses of his princi pal parishioners ; for it appears that he did not confine his labors j to the Sabbath, nor his preaching to the house of God. This journal also contains a few notices of occurring events, such as the choice of deacons, admissions to the church, and burials. The manuscript, which is in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society, is very handsomely written ; and though the great body of it is in Latin, he frequently cites texts in the Greek and Hebrew characters, Avritten with great beauty and distinctness. This may have been the manuscript referred to by Prince. If so, it was probably in two volumes ; the one from 1682 to 1695, being the second, and perfect in itself. Mr. Brimsmead was never married ; and tradition says that he uniformly refused to baptize children which were so irrever ent as to be born on the Sabbath.* During the last part of his life, he was in feeble health, and unable to perform his pastoral duties Avithout assistance. He died on Commencement morn ing, July 3, 1701, aged about seventy-six years. He was buried in the old grave-yard, and an unlettered stone still remains to mark his resting-place. Mr. Brimsmead was an able and faithful minister, and did much towards building up the town and the church. In the days of those bitter controversies, when brother was arrayed against brother, and sister estranged from sister, it was a great blessing to the people to have one kind counsellor to whom they could all apply with confidence — one spiritual guide whose ardent desire was to lead them in the paths of peace and right eousness. Such a counsellor and guide, they found in their devoted minister. In those early days, before the elements of society were properly combined, and the individual will had * Mr. Brimsmead was not alone in this singular practice. "Mr. Loring, of Sudbury," says Mr. Field, "followed the same custom until a pair of twins were bom to him on the Sabbath ; when his opinions seem to have met with a change on this subject, and all were permitted to receive the ordinance." 52 learned to submit in any considerable degree to the public voice, the influence of the clergy was great, and highly salutary. Though the passions of men were strong, and the events of the times were calculated to draw out all the energies of the human mind, and the temptation Avas great to run into selfishness and insubordination ; nothing but the religious element, which our fathers had fondly cherished, could have restrained the passions of the people, and preserved the order and peace of the com munity. This religious element naturally gravitated towards the clergy, and so gave them a controlling influence in the com munity. There might be, and probably was, some superstition mingled with this respect for the minister ; but after all it must be admitted, that this feeling of reverence exerted a happy influence, and prevented evils of a more dangerous character. And though the minister himself might in some cases abuse the confidence reposed in him, and become arbitrary and overbear ing, these cases were comparatively rare. Whoever, therefore, faithfully studies the history of this Commonwealth, and con siders carefully the causes Avhich have made us an intelligent and orderly, a moral and prosperous people, must admit that the influence of the ministers of religion has been highly salutary. This is true throughout the Colony, and was particularly so in Marlborough, under Mr. Brimsmead and his successor. CHAPTER II. THE INDIAN PLANTATION. The Indian Grant — Planting Field enlarged — Indians peaceable — Eliot preaches to them and translates the Bible into Indian — Indian Churches — Praying Indian Towns — Description of Ockoocangansett — Proposed School — Deed to Gookin — Burial Place aud Indian Relics — Indians dis appear by the order of Providence — Should be treated kmdly — Massachu setts policy towards them just and benevolent. The Plantation of Ockoocangansett, from its position, is so immediately connected with Marlborough, that no history of the town could be perfect without a full notice of the Indian possessions. The Indians in this portion of the Colony had, as early as 1643, put themselves under the protection of the General Court, and had the assurance that they should enjoy the lands in their actual possession, and be protected in their rights. The Indians at Marlborough were a branch of the Natick and Wamesit tribes, whose principal possession was upon the Merrimack, near its confluence with the Sudbury or Concord River — the site of the present city of Lowell. Their settlement at Marlborough was commenced early, probably before the English landed at Charlestown, or the Massachusetts Colony was organized. Their " Planting Field " on the hill near the old Meeting-House Common, appears to have been cultivated for a considerable period before the English settle ment was made ; for the English, on taking possession of their grant, found not only Indian corn-fields, but Indian apple- orchards, in a bearing state, on the neighboring hill. It has been shown, in the preceding chapter, that the Indian grant was prior to the grant to the Sudbury men, and that the General Court, acting in good faith, made the latter subservient to the former. The grants apparently conflicting with each other, the Court appointed a Committee to examine the prem- 8 54 ises, and lay out for the Indians a plantation of six thousand acres. The Committee having attended to that duty, sub mitted the following Report, which appears to have been accepted by the Court: " Whipsufferadge, June 19, 1659. " The Committee appointed by the General Court to lay out a plantation for the Indians, of six thousand acres, at the place above named, having given Mr. Eliot [who acted for the Indians not only as their spiritual teacher, but as a sort of tem poral guardian] a meeting, and duly weighed all his excep tions in behalf of the Indians ; first, what hath been formerly acted and returned to the General Court ; do judge meete in way of compliance, that the bounds of the Indian Plantation be en larged unto the most westerly part of the fence, now standing on the west side of the Hill or Planting Field, called Ockoo cangansett, and from thence be extended in a direct north line, untill they have their full quantity of six thousand acres ; the bounds of their plantation, in all other respects, wee judge meete that they stand as in the form returned ; and that their full compliment of meadow by the Court granted, may stand, and bee exactly measured out by an artist within the limits of the abovesaid lines, when the Indians, or any in their behalf, are Avilling to bee at the charges thereof: provided alwaies, that the Indians may have no power to make sale thereof, or of any part of their abovesaid lands, otherwise than by the consent of the Hon'^ Court ; or when any shall be made or happen, the Plantation of the English there seated, may have the first tender of it from the Court ; which caution Ave rather insert, because not only a considerable part of the nearest and best planting land is hereby taken away from the English, (as we are informed, ) but the nearest and best part of the meadow, by estimation about one hundred acres in one place, that this north line doth take away, which tendeth much to the detrimenting of the English Plantation, especially if the lands should be appropriated to any other use than the Indians proposed ; that is to say, for an Indian plantation, or for accommodating their plantation, they should be deprived thereof." This Report was signed by the Committee — Eleazer Lusher, Edward Jackson, Ephraim Child, and Thomas Danforth. 55 This grant of six thousand acres included the " Planting Field " on the Hill before spoken of, which was early cultivated by the Indians. It is impossible, at this day, to fix the exact location of this Indian grant. It commenced at the westerly side of the planting field. But how far that extended west, I am not able to determine with certainty. It included the Meeting-House Common, and extended easterly probably about to the present road from Spring Hill Meeting-House to Fel tonville ; and as the whole quantity was only about one hundred and fifty or sixty acres, it could not have extended much farther Avest than the old Common, or perhaps to the small brook a few rods farther west. From this point the line between the Indian and English plantation ran north seven degrees west, and crossed the Assabet some half a mile east of Feltonville. From the northerly side of the Indian planting field, the Indian line ran due east three miles to the line of Sudbury, and embraced nearly all of the north-eastern section of the present town. This plantation, it will be seen, covered what is now an important and extensive portion of the present township. We may naturally suppose that the English settlement would feel some anxiety to possess a territory which seemed to pro trude into the very centre of their plantation, and that the In dians would look with jealousy upon a new settlement whose territory bounded them on two sides, whose central village was in the immediate vicinity of their own, and Avhose population exceeded their own in numbers, wealth and enterprise. There was, therefore, something of envy and jealousy existing be tween them from the first. And yet they lived together in peace, and nothing occurred for years to produce any thing like an open rupture. It is due to the early English settlers, to say that they generally respected the rights of the natives, and refrained from all those acts which might excite the ire of their uncivilized neighbors. On the other hand, these Indians were generally peaceable, and were disposed to live on good terms with the English. The fact that they had planting grounds, where they raised corn and cultivated fruit, shows that they were more advanced in civilization than most of the savage tribes ; and that they had been under the guardian care of the pious and devoted 56 Eliot, whose labors for the natives have justly given him the title of "Apostle to the Indians," accounts, in a good degree, for their sobriety of demeanor, and for the good order which reigned among them. Mr. Eliot, so distinguished for his devotion to the best interests of the red man, was born in England, 1604. He came to this country in 1631, and settled as a clergyman in Roxbury the year following. He early conceived the idea of civilizing and Christianizing the Indians, and commenced preaching to them in Newton, 1646. To prepare himself for that Avork, he learned their language ; in 1663, he translated the New Testament, and in 1665, the Old Testament into Indian, that the natives might be enabled to read the word of life in their own tongue. His Bible, thus translated, bore the title — "Mamusse Wunmeetu- panatamwe Up-Biblum God naneeswe Nukkone Testament kahwonk Wusku Testament." The longest word in it was — " Wutappesittukgussunnoohwehtunkquoh " — which signifies, •' Kneeling down to him." He visited most of the Indian settlements, gained the confi dence of the tribes, and became their spiritual guide, and their guardian in temporal affairs. He estabhshed churches, and instituted the ordinances of the gospel among them. The first Indian church was established at Natick, in 1660, when a con siderable number united, and in the space of ten years the num ber had increased to forty or fifty. There were many others among them, who attended public worship, read the Scriptures, and prayed in their families, but did not make a public profes sion of religion. Their worship was conducted similarly to that of the Puritans. Gen. Gookin, who took a great interest in their welfare, and who frequently visited them in company with Mr. Eliot, thus describes their worship : " Upon the Lord's day. Fast days and Lecture days, the peo ple assemble together at the sound of a drum — for bells they have none — twice a day, morning and afternoon on the Lord's day, and once on Lecture days ; when one of their teachers, if they have more than one, begins with solemn and affectionate prayer ; then, after a short pause, either himself or some other thereto appointed, readeth a chapter out of the Old or New Testament. At the conclusion, a psalm or part of a psalm, is appointed, rehearsed, and solemnly sung. Then the minister 57 catechises and prays before his sermon, and so preacheth from some text of Scripture ; then concludes with a prayer and a psalm, and the blessing is pronounced. " In these acts of Avorship, for I have been often present with them, they demean themselves visibly with reverence, attention, modesty, and solemnity ; the menkind sitting by themselves, and the womenkind by themselves, according to their age, quality, and degree, in a comely manner. I have no doubt, but am fully satisfied, according to the judgment of charity, that diverse of them do fear God, and are true believers. But yet I will not deny but that there may be hypocrites among them, that profess religion, and yet are not sound-hearted." Their teachers Avere generally chosen from among them selves ; and they had among them a kind of municipal organi zation, and elected their overseers, constable, and other officers, much after the manner of the English settlements. These Indians were generally known by the name of the " Praying Indians." There were seven principal toAvns of these Praying Indians : NaticJc, now the town of that name ; PaTcemitt, now Stoughton ; Ockoocangansett, now Marlborough ; Wamesit, now LoAvell ; Hassanamisett, now Grafton ; Nashobah, now Littleton ; Ma- gunkook, noAV Hopkinton. As these praying towns were in the very midst of the English settlements, no doubt the labors of Eliot and Gookin contrib uted much towards the preservation of peace between them and the English ; and though the Praying Indians may have aided their brethren in some degree in Philip's war, they would have been much more injurious and dangerous to the whites, but for the religious instruction they had received. Gookin, the friend of the Indians, and the fellow-laborer with Eliot, in his history of the Praying Indians, thus describes the Plantation at Marlborough in 1674 : " Okommakamesitt, alias Marlborough, is situated about twelve miles N. N. E. from Hassanamisett, (Grafton,) and about thirty miles from Boston, westerly. This village con tains about ten families, and consequently about fifty souls. The quantity of land appertained to it, is six thousand acres. It is much of it good land, and yieldeth a plenty of corn, being well husbanded. It is sufficiently stored with meadows, and 58 is well wooded and watered. It hath several good orchards upon it, planted by the Indians ; and is in itself a good planta tion. This town doth join so near to the English of Marlbo rough, that, as it was spoken of David in type, and our Lord Jesus Christ the antetype — under his shadow ye shall rejoice ; — but the Indians here do not rejoice under the Englishmen's shadow, who do so overtop them in number of people, stocks of catde, &c., that the Indians do not greatly flourish or delight in their station at present. Their Ruler here was Onomog, Avho is lately deceased, about two months since ; which is a great blow to the place. He wets a pious and discreet man, and the very soul, as it were, of the place. Their teacher's name is . Here they observe the same decorum for religion and civil order, as is done in other towns. They have a constable and other officers, as the rest have." This description of the number and condition of the Indians, and their feelings toward the English, is given by an eye witness, and one friendly to these children of the forest ; and taken in connection with their conduct in King Philip's war, which followed immediately after, shows the measure of suc cess which had attended the attempt to civilize and Chris tianize the Indians. It was a favorite plan of Mr. Gookin, to establish schools in the praying Indian towns, as one of the best means of civilizing them, and bringing thfem into harmony with the English. To carry out this idea, he proposes to establish such an institution in Marlborough. " There is," says he, when treating upon the subject of Indian schools, "an Indian village within twenty-eight or thirty miles of Boston, westward, upon the road to Connecticut, called Okommakamesitt, alias Marlborough, which is half way of most of the praying vdlages. This Indian plantation join- eth unto an English town called Marlborough, so that the English and Indian plantation bear the same name. In this plantation there is a piece of fertile land containing about one hundred and fifty acres, upon which the Indians have, not long since, lived, and planted several apple trees thereupon, which bear an abundance of fruit : but now the Indians have removed from it about a mile. This tract of land doth so embosom itself into the English town, that it is encompassed about with 59 it, except one way ; and upon the edge of this land the English have placed their meeting-house, which is an argument to demonstrate that they look upon it as near the midst of their town, according to general computation and practice. This parcel of land, with the addition of twenty acres of the nearest meadow, and a wood lot of about fifty acres, is Avell worth two hundred pounds in money ; and yet the Indians will willingly devote it for this work, (education,) for it brings litde or no profit to them, nor is it ever like to do ; because the English men's cattle, &c., devour all in it, because it lies open and unfenced ; and Avhile the Indians planted there, it was in a sort fenced by them ; yet by their improvidence and bad fences, they reaped little benefit in those times — and that was one cause of their removal. " Now what I propose is, that the parcel of land above ex pressed be set apart for an Indian free school, and confirmed by an Act of the General Court of this Colony unto a corporation for the Indians for this end forever ; and that it be enfenced with a stone wall into two or three enclosures, for corn, pas tures, &c., and this will be done easily, because there are stones enough at hand upon it ; and then to build a convenient house for a schoolmaster and his family — under the same roof may be a room for a school ; also to build some out-building for corn, hay, cattle, &c. The charge of all this will not amount to above two hundred pounds in money. This being done, the place will be fit to accommodate a schoolmaster and his family, without any other salary but the use of this farm. " Moreover, it is very probable that the English people of Marlborough will gladly and readily send their children to the same school, and pay the schoolmaster for them ; which will better his maintenance ; for they have no school in that place at present ; in which regard I have heard some of the most prudent of them lament. But it being chargeable to raise a school and maintain a schoolmaster for twenty or thirty chil dren, the inhabitants are backward to do it, until they are compelled by the law, which requires every village of fifty families to provide a school to teach the English tongue and to write ; but the people of Marlborough wanting a few families, do take that low advantage to ease their purses of this common charge. But if the school herein proposed is set up, it will be 60 their true interest to put their children to it, being the most thrifty and facile way they can take." This plan of an Indian school, though conceived in the spirit of benevolence, and being one which should commend itself to the good sense of an intelligent community, as one of the wisest means of civilizing the Indians, and so improving their condition, Avas never carried into effect. The war with King Philip, which commenced the following year, and which for a time broke up the English settlement at Marlborough, Avould, in the absence of all other causes, have defeated the measure. The war, which had scattered the English settlement tempo rarily, proved still more disastrous to the Indians. And though the Marlborough Indians did not, perhaps, take any active measures against the whites, the suspicion which was excited, and the impediments which were thrown in their way, so far discouraged and disheartened them, that they manifested a willingness to sell that portion of land, which was nearly surrounded by the English settlement. Gookin himself be came the purchaser. His deed, which bears date May 2, 1667, and having the signatures of several Indians, sets forth that they " being true proprietors, possessors, and improvers of the Indian lands call ed Whipsufferadge, alias Okankonomett, adjoining to Marlbo rough, in the Colony of Massachusetts in New England, for diverse considerations us thereto moving, especially the love and duty Ave owe to our honored Magistrate, Daniel Gookin, of Cambridge, Esq., who hath been a ruler to us above twenty years, do hereby freely and absolutely give, grant, and confirm imto him, the said Daniel Gookin, Esq., and his heirs forever, one parcel of land heretofore broken up, and being planted by us and our predecessors, called by the name of Okankanomesitt Hill, situated, lying, and being on the south side of our town ship and plantation near Marlborough, containing about one hundred acres, more or less ; also ten acres of Fort Meadow, and ten in Long Meadow, with free liberty of commonage for wood, timber, and feeding of his cattle upon every common land within our township or plantation." This land came into the hands of Gookin's sons, who, as we have already seen, sold a portion of the same to the town of Marlborough, to enlarge their Meeting-House Common. 61 How long the Indians had occupied this planting field before the place was known to the white man, is uncertain. But here, probably, they had resided for some time ; and here they have left traces of their former presence, not only on the face of the earth, which they cultivated, but the plough not unfrequently brings to the surface some memorial of a rude age and an uncivilized people. On the northern declivity of this hill, they undoubtedly had a burial-place, where sleep the ashes of their fathers. Mr. William L. Howe, the present owner of a considerable portion of their former planting field, in excavating the earth in order to reset his wall, some sixty rods east of his residence, and nearly in front of the residence of the late Col. Ephraim Howe, discovered a quantity of beads which had probably been buried with the wearer, and bones which plainly indicated that this is the resting-place of the original lords of the soil. The beads were, as far as possible, collected, and are now in possession of Mr. HoAve, who, we trust, will hand them down to his children, or place them in some safe depository, where they will remain for ages to come, to remind succeeding generations that the land we inhabit was once the home of a people that, in the providence of God, seem destined to fade away in the presence of the Avhite man. There is something melancholy in the reflection that the natives of these hills and plains have all disappeared, and that we live and thrive on the ruins of the past. But such is the order of Providence ! In the animal world, as in the vegetable, there is a constant succession ; and each animal, as well as plant, seems to rise from the ashes of its predecessor, and draw its nourishment from the mouldering remains of a preceding generation. This principle is so obvious, that the poet has well said, '' All forms that perish other forms supply." Nor are nations or races of men exempt from this general law. The kingdom of Nineveh gave place to Babylon, Babylon to Persia, and Persia was conquered by Greece, which in its turn became subject to Rome. And why might we not expect a similar succession of nations on the western continent? But there is another and more vital principle, which applies to the 9 62 Aborigines of this country. They were a rude and uncivilized race, living almost in a state of nature upon the bounties of the earth, to whose products they contributed nothing by their labor. Such a race, by the order of Providence, is destined to give place to a people who, by their industry, can convert a wilderness into a fruitful field, and make the desert "rejoice and blossom as the rose." When God created man, he commanded him to cultivate the earth and subdue it ; and certainly a people who mingle their labors with the soil, all other things being equal, have a better title to a country, than one which simply roam through its forests in quest of game, or explore its rivers in search of food. It is well known that a given section of country is capable of supporting a vastly greater population of civilized than of savage men ; and if divine goodness is displayed in the creation of human beings, that arrangement of Providence is the most be nevolent, which gives a comfortable support to the largest number of sentient beings. So far, therefore, as the adminis tration of the Almighty is concerned, no one can reasonably regret that a barbarous, heathen nation, should give place to a civilized. Christian one ; or that the hunting-ground which could support a single tribe, should, by the arts and industry of civilization, be made to support a population ten times as numerous. Viewed therefore, on a broad and liberal scEde, m the light of a rational philosophy, or a pure and elevated religion, the dis appearance of the native tribes should fill us with rejoicing rather than with regret. As sympathetic beings, we naturally commiserate their fate, as we do the imbecility of old age, the sufferings which arise from sickness, and the grief from the loss of friends by death ; but, confiding in the wisdom of an over-ruling Providence, we should submit our will to that of the 'Judge of all the earth, Avho doeth right.' But this belief in the destiny of the Aborigines of the country, affords no justification, on our part, for acts of injustice or cruelty towards them. On the contrary, an expiring nation. Idee an expiring individual, is jusdy entitled to our sympathy and kind assist ance. The belief that they are destined to perish, under the Divine administration, furnishes us with no more justification in 63 accelerating their doom, than the belief that any of our friends were sick unto death, would justify us in adopting measures to hasten their departure. The faithful historian is not only bound to narrate the events as they actually occur, but to correct errors of opinion as well as errors of fact. And as the true objects of history are to cor rect the faults and improve the morals of society, he is unfaith ful to his trust Avho does not, on his historic page, present those moral phases of all subjects on which he treats, which are cal culated to purify the heart, as well as enlighten the understand ing. On this principle it seemed important to say a word on the great problem of Indian extinction. As a general thing, the Massachusetts Colony dealt fairly with the natives. In no case, so far as we are informed, were the Indians dispossessed of the land of which they were in actual possession ; and our Courts were open to them, at all times, to enforce their rights and title to their lands. There were, undoubtedly, cases of individual hardship — instances in Avhich they were defrauded by certain artful and unprincipled men. But after they put themselves under the protection of the Colony, in 1643, they received not only the protection of the Government, but in most cases its kind and fostering care. The Court granted them lands adjoining their actual possessions, and frequently, as in the case of the Ockoocangansett Planta tion, guarded them against any clandestine purchase, by requir ing the consent of the Court to legalize the sale. The purchase of this plantation, by the citizens of Marlborough, we shall have occasion to speak of hereafter. If we compare the treatment of the Indians in the Massa chusetts Colony, with the treatment the tribes have since received at the hand of the Federal Government, we shall see that our fathers were more just and merciful than their sons ; and that the Colony of Massachusetts Bay had more regard for the rights of the natives of the forest, than the great nation of which we are a part. Massachusetts has ever exercised a guar dian care for the Indians. Down to the present day, we provide for the education of the children of the Gay Head, Christian- toAvn, Herring Pond, Chappequiddick, Marshpee, and other remnants of Indian tribes. We appoint guardians to look after 64 their property, if any they have, and make appropriations from our treasury to supply their temporal wants. So that, while we commiserate the fate of the expiring tribes on this continent, Ave can console ourselves with the fact, that Massachusetts has contributed her full share to smooth their pathway to the grave, and to make their last days comfortable and happy. CHAPTER III. KING PHILIP'S WAR. The Tribes submitted to the Colony — Philip plots the Destruction of the English — His Character — Marlborough prepares for the Conflict — Imme diate Cause of the War — Philip defeated and flees to the Nipmucks — He attacks Brookfleld, Hadley, Deerfield, Northampton and Springfield — The Narragansets join Philip — They are defeated in their Fortress — Lancaster attacked, and Mrs. Rolandson taken captive — Depredations at Marlbo rough — Medfleld burnt — Qroton attacked — Attack upon Marlborough — Meeting-House burnt — Indians surprised by Lieut. Jacobs — Sudbury Burnt — Sudbury Fight — Death of Capt. AVadsworth and Brocklebank — Philip seeks aid of the Mohawks — Flees to Mount Hope — Death of Philip — Destructive Character of this War — Conduct of the Marlborough Indians — Carried away by Capt. Moseley — Evils of AVar overruled for Good. The most eventful period in the history of the Town, and indeed of the Colony, is that connected with the Narraganset, or, as it is more commonly called. King Philip's Avar. When the people of Sudbury petitioned for a grant of land eight miles Avest of them, and alleged that they were " straitened " for the Avant of room ; and when the proprietors of Marlborough, in 1671, entertained the idea of enlarging their borders, they had no apprehension of danger from the savages. In fact, they had settled by the side of the Indians, and their own township nearly encircled a grant, older than their own, made to the red men, with whom they had lived for years in peace. They had no cause, therefore, for apprehension from neighbors thus quiet and peaceable. Neither had they any ground for apprehending danger from Indians more remote. After the severe chastisement inflicted by the English upon the Pequots, in 1638, the tribes within , Massachusetts Colony, and some tribes beyond her bounds, had voluntarily submitted to the Colony, and agreed to live on terms of peace and friendship. In 1643 and 1644, Pumhgm, 66 Sachem of Showomock, and Socononoco, Sachem of Pawtucket, south of Providence ; Passaconaway, Sachem of the Merri- macks, Cutshamekin and Squaw-Sachem of the Massachusetts, together with Nashacowam and Wassamagoin, two Sachems near the great hill of the west called Wachusett, had come in and submitted themselves to the Colony ; and in the very lan guage of the treaty, " put themselves, their subjects, lands and estates under the government of Massachusetts." This cove nant embraced all the territory from the Merrimack to Taunton river, and, as we have seen, extended into Rhode Island. This treaty was not only political and commercial, but, in its very terms, moral also. The Indians consented to adopt the great principles of the decalogue, and conform to the requirements of the moral law. The commandments were explained to them, and their assent Avas readily given. When they were told that they must not labor on the Sabbath, they answered in their simplicity, that they had but little work to do at apy time, so they would readily comply with that requisition, and rest on that day. This treaty was ratified with due pomp and solemnity — the Chiefs making a present of wampum, and ' receiving suitable presents in return, closing with a good din ner, and a cup of sack at their departure, so that they went on their way joyfully. But while the people of Marlborough were rejoicing in the prospects before them ; while they were dividing the lands they already possessed, and fondly anticipating the time when they should possess the lands of their Indian neighbors ; while they were building them houses, and planting them orchards ; while they were adopting municipal regulations for the better management of their affairs, and assembling in their own house of worship, with none to molest or make them afraid, Philip, the bold and daring Chief of the Wampanoags, was plotting the extermination of the English Settlements. With a sagacity which we cannot but admire, he plainly foresaw that if the English were permitted to multiply on these shores, the fate of the Native Tribes might be a question of time, but not of certainty ; and with a love of country which we must honor, even in a savage, he conceived the bold design of ridding his native land of what he considered its spoilers. Animated by these feelings, he exerted all his powers to 67 prepare for the deadly conflict. He enlisted most of the sub ordinate tribes in his cause, and secretly secured the powerful Narragansets in his interest, though they were at the time the professed friends of the Colonists. With this formidable force, he spread devastation and dismay through the Colonies. Though circumstances beyond his control compelled him to commence the war before his plans were sufficiently matured, what he lacked in preparation was made up in energy of purpose and celerity of movement. The boldness of his de signs, and the strategy with which he executed them ; his daring in the field, and the skill with Avhich he eluded his pursuers, bear Avitness to his ability, and place him high in the list of military chieftains. Though this war Avas comparatively short, it was one of the most sanguinary and fearful the Colony had ever experienced. The hardships endured by the soldiers are unparalleled in our history. The devastation which was spread far and wide, the atrocities which were committed, the terror and dismay which pervaded the whole community, give a fearful interest to that Avar, and render it one of the most memorable in our annals. It Avas not a mere question of yielding or holding a certain amount of territory — not of vindicating some point of honor, or of redressing some knoAvn wrong. No — the issue involved considerations of a more vital character. It was a question of life or death to the feeble Colonies. Marlborough, being a frontier town, was greatly exposed to attacks from the Indians. Situated on what was denominated the Connecticut road, and being the intermediate post between Boston and the settlements on Connecticut river, the Colony had regarded it as an important point, and had established a fort there before the breaking out of Philip's war ; and during the contest it was made a sort of depot for provisions and muni tions of war. It Avas, for a time, the theatre of the war, and to use a military phrase, was made the base line of operations against the enemy in this quarter. A few soldiers were sta^ tioned here by the Colony. Stockade defenses were thrown around some of the principal dwellings, and slight and feeble preparations were made for their protection. Foreseeing the approaching storm, the citizens of Marl borough, headed by their minister, convened, on the first of 68 October, 1675, to adopt such measures of defense as might be thought' most expedient. At this meeting were present Rev. Mr. Brimsmead, Deacon Ward, Thomas King, Solomon John son, Abraham Howe, John Howe, Sen., John Woods, Sen., Richard Newton, Abraham Williams, Thomas Rice, John Johnson, Samuel Rice, John Bellows, Nathaniel Johnson, John Woods, Jr., Joseph Newton, Thomas Barnes, Josiah Howe, John Maynard, John Rediat, John Fay, Moses Newton, Rich ard Barnes, William Kerly, and James Taylor. They agreed that certain garrisons should be established and maintained, as follows : 1. At William Kerly' s house there should be a garrison, and two soldiers allowed by the Government should be stationed there, and in case of danger, nine citizens should repair to the place. 2. At John Johnson's house there should be nine soldiers and three of the citizens. 3. At Deacon Ward's house, three soldiers and six citizens, including three of his own family. 4. At Sergeant Wood's house, two soldiers and six citizens. 5. At Abraham Williams's house, three soldiers. 6. At Joseph Rice's house, three citizens. 7. At Thomas Rice's house, two soldiers and six citizens. 8. At Peter Bent's house, three soldiers. These arrangements appear to have been made in concert with the Lieutenant commanding the garrison, who was to retain thirteen soldiers to defend his stores and the magazine. The soldiers distributed to guard the families were to be sup ported by the families respectively. It appears by this distribu tion that there were thirty-seven soldiers to guard nine or ten garrisons, and to protect, as far as practicable, three times that number of houses not specified. With these feeble prepara tions, they awaited the bloody contest, resolved, like the rest of their fellow-citizens in the Colony, to do their duty and " quit themselves like men," trusting in the God of battles to give them strength, and enable them to resist, successfully, the attacks of their heathen enemies. The immediate cause of the war was the execution, by the English, of three Indians whom Phdip had excited to murder 69 one Sausaman, an Indian missionary. Sausaman being friendly to the English, had informed them of Philip's designs for their extermination. The execution of these Indians roused the indignation of Philip, and though his plans were not matured, he immediately commenced hostilities. His first attack was upon the people of SAvanzey, in Plymouth Colony, as they were returning home from public worship, on a day of humili ation and prayer, under the apprehension lof the approaching war. This was on the 24th of June, 1675. The English in that quarter immediately flew to arms. Philip, with his forces, left Mount Hope, and took refuge among the Narragansets, who were secretly in his interest ; but being at peace with the Eng lish, were not prepared at that time to throw off the disguise. The Massachusetts and Plymouth forces marched into Rhode Island, but Philip retired to a swamp, where the English, not being able to attack him to advantage, resolved to starve him out ; but the wary chief contrived to escape with his bands, and so frustrated their design. He then fled to the Nipmucks, a tribe in the County of Wor cester, who had already shown signs of hostility, but professed a willingness to treat with the English. Captain Hutchinson and Captain Wheeler were sent, with a small guard, to treat with them ; but the Indians, instigated by Philip, fired upon them from an ambush, killed eight of their men, and mortally woxmded several others, among whom was Captain Hutchin son.* The remainder of the English fled to duaboag, (now Brookfleld, ) and were hotly pursued by the Indians, who burnt every house in the place, except one in which the inhabitants had taken refuge. This house was surrounded. For two days it resisted the attack, Avith the loss of but one person. At length the Indians, who had tried every expedient to fire the building, loaded a cart with flax and tow, and with long poles fastened together, pushed it while on fire against the house. Destruction seemed inevitable. The savages stood ready to destroy the first person that should open the door to escape. At this awful moment a torrent of rain descended, and extin- * Captain Hutchinson was carried to Marlborough, where he died. He was the first person buried in the old burying ground. The following inscription is upon a stone over his remains : " Capt. Edward Hutchinson, aged 67 years, was shot by treacherous Indians, Aug. 2, 1675 ; died Aug. 19, 1675." 10 70 guished the kindling flames. Major Willard coming to their relief, the Indians were dispersed. During the month of September, Philip and his allies fell upon Hadley, Deerfield and Northfield, on Connecticut river; and shordy after, Springfield was attacked, but timely rein forcements saved the greater part of the town. In these suc cessive attacks, many dwellings were burned, and many of the inhabitants were massacred. Capt. Lathrop, Avith about eighty young men, the flower of Essex County, fell into an ambus cade, and seventy of his men were wantonly destroyed. This massacre was immediately revenged by the timely arrival of Captain Mosely, who attacked the Indians, killed ninety-six, wounded about forty more, and put the whole party to flight, losing himself but two men. The Narragansets at length threw off their disguise, and a large force was sent against them. They had taken refuge in a swamp in what is now South Kingston, where they had strongly fortified themselves. On the 19th of December, 1675, the English commenced their march through a deep snow to attack the enemy. The army arrived at the swamp about mid day, where they discovered a few Indians, who immediately fled, and they followed them to their fortress, Avhich stood on rising ground in the middle of the SAvamp. It was a work of great strength and labor, being composed of palisades, and sur rounded by a hedge of about a rod in thickness. It had but one practicable entrance, which was over a log or tree four or five feet from the ground, and that aperture was guarded by a block-house. Falling providentially on that very part of the fort, the English captains entered at the head of their compa nies. The Indians fought with desperation, and drove the assailants out of the fort. At this crisis, the English at the opposite side of the fort discovered a place destitute of palisades, through which they forced their way, and attacked the Indians in their rear ; and aided by the rest of the army, after a desper ate conflict of about three hours, the English became masters of the place, and set fire to the wigwams. The scene was truly awful. The smoke and blaze of six hundred wigwams rolled up to heaven, while the shouts of the victors mingled with the shrieks of women and children, the old and infirm perishing in the flames. The Indians in the fort were esti- 71 mated at four thousand ; of these, seven hundred warriors were killed, and three hundred more died of their woimds ; three hundred warriors Avere taken prisoners, and as many women and children. The rest, except such as were consumed in their wigwams, fled. The victory of the Enghsh was complete ; but it was purchased with blood. Six brave captains fell, eighty of their men were killed, or mortally wounded, and one hundred and fifty more were wounded and recovered. But complete as this victory was, the daring spirit of Philip was not subdued. Scarcely had the troops from Massachu setts, who had made this bold and successful incursion into his dominion, returned to Boston and been disbanded, before the enemy appeared in their very midst. With almost incredible celerity, he thrcAV himself upon the border settlements, and one after another was wrapped in flames. Small predatory parties lurked about almost every settlement, cutting off a laborer here and there, burning solitary houses, and destroying or carrying the families into captivity. But the war soon assumed a more formidable character. The Indians collected in large numbers, and fell upon the principal frontier towns ; and scarcely were the smouldering fires of one settlement extinguished, before the midnight gloom was lighted by the blaze of another. The troops which had driven Philip's forces from their stronghold in Rhode Island, on the 19th of December, had returned and were discharged about the first of February. On the 10th of that month, a party of Indians fell upon Lancaster, and burnt most of the houses that were not garrisoned ; and more than forty persons, an eighth of the whole population, were either killed on the spot, or carried into captivity ; — among the latter were Mrs. Rolandson, the wife of their worthy minister, and her children; and had it not been for the timely arrival of the gallant Captain Wadsworth, with his company from Marlborough, the remaining inhabitants would probably have experienced a dreadful death, or a lingering captivity. The principal destruction at Lancaster was at the house of the minister. It was a garrisoned house, and was filled with soldiers and inhabitants, to the number of forty-two. The house was defended with determined bravery against a large force, for upwards of two hours, when the enemy succeeded in 72 setting it on fire. The inhabitants finding further resistance useless, were compelled to surrender, to avoid perishing in the flames. One man only escaped; twelve were either put to death on the spot, or reserved for torture. Others were carried into captivity. Mrs. Rolandson was taken by a Narraganset Indian, and sold to Q,uamopin, a Sagamore who was connected with Philip by marriage ; their wives being sisters. Mrs. Rolandson was held in captivity several months, when she Avas redeemed by the Government for £20. When the attack was made upon Lancaster, Mr. Rolandson, Avith one of his principal parishioners, was at Boston, soliciting a military force to defend the place. To this circumstance he owed his escape, and prob ably his life. After the destruction of Lancaster, the Indians passed through Marlborough, where they committed some depredations, on the way to Medfield, which place they surprised, on the morning of the 21st of February. Though there were soldiers stationed there, so stealthy was the approach of the savages, that the troops afforded no protection. Entering the town under the cover of night, they dispersed themselves throughout the settle ment, and at a concerted signal applied the torch to the dwell ings a little before day-light ; and while the affrighted inhabi tants were rushing from their burning habitations, they were fired upon by the Indians, who had secreted themselves near the respective houses. As soon as the alarm was given, and before the troops stationed there could be collected, the wily enemy had fled. About fifty houses were burned, and fifteen or sixteen persons were either killed or consumed in their dwellings. Soon after this, small parties were seen prowling about Gro- ton. On the 2d and 9th of March, several depredations were committed in that town ; one man was killed, and another was carried into captivity. But on the 13th of that month, they approached the place in larger numbers, and by stratagem suc ceeded in drawing the armed men from their garrisons, when they attacked them both in front and rear. The Indians got possession of some of their garrisons, so that the people saved themselves only by seeking shelter in others. About fifty houses were burnt, two or three of the inhabitants were killed, and the settlement broken up. 73 Under the guidance of their distinguished leader, the Indians appeared almost to possess the attribute of omnipresence ; for while they were threatening one settlement, and calling public attention in that direction, the incendiary torch was applied in another quarter. • Thus the whole community was kept in a constant state of alarm. Scarcely had the smoke ceased to ascend from the burning dwellings of Groton, Avhen a large body of Indians were found prowling in the woods between Marlborough and Brookfield. Troops were immediately dis patched from the towns, when the Indians fell back toAvards the valley of the Connecticut ; and though they Avere vigorously pursued, the main body could not be brought to action. Dis appointed in not being able to chastise the enemy, the troops returned to Marlborough, where they learned from a spy who was taken, that the Indians meditated an immediate attach upon that tOAvn. The soldiers remained a few days, but no enemy appearing, they concluded that the design, if ever enter tained, had been abandoned ; consequendy they returned to their homes, to the great regret of the inhabitants, who still believed that the report of the prisoner was well founded. In this impression they were right, as the sequel too plainly showed. Within four days after the troops had been withdrawn, the arch enemy made his appearance. The 26th of March, 1676, being the day for public Avorship, arrived. "No rude alarm of raging foes " disturbed the quiet of that Sabbath morn ing. The people assembled at the house where prayer was wont to be made, and a fervent petition had been offered for "their safety and protection. A hymn of praise had been sungjf Their spiritual leader, the Rev. Mr. Brimsmead, commenced his sermon, and was dispensing to them the word of life, Avhen he was interrupted by the appalling cry — "The Indians are upon us." The confusion and dismay which ensued, can be better imagined than described ! The assembly instandy broke up; and the people made for the neighboring garrison, where, with a single exception, they all arrived in safety, just in season to elude the savage foe. One of the worshipers,* (to his honor be it recorded.) less moved by fear than by humanity, seeing • Moses Newton, a son of Richard Newton, one of the thirteen original pro prietors of the town. 74 an aged and infirm female who could not move rapidly from the scene of danger, resolved to rescue her from impending destruction, or perish in the attempt. In his noble effort he succeeded, and brought her safely to the garrison, though in so doing he received a ball in his elbow, from the effects of which he never fully recovered. Being secured in the garrison, they were able to defend themselves, but could afford no protection to their property, much of which was destroyed, or carried away. Thirteen of their dwellings, and eleven barns, were laid in ashes; their fences thrown down ; their fruit-trees hacked and peeled ; their cattle killed or maimed ; so that their ravages were visible for many years. But what would be more distressing to our pious ancestors, than any other loss of mere property, was that of their meeting-house, and the house they had erected for their faithful minister — both of which shared in the general confla gration. There is a common tradition, that the Indians set fire to Mr. Brimsmead's house, and that the flames communicated with the meeting-house which stood near by, and that that was the cause of its being burnt. This might have been the case ; but the Indians, engaged in a war of extermination, had no more regard for the white man's religion, than for the white man's life, which they were taking every measure to destroy. And it is possible, that the fact of this house being located upon the Indian planting field, Avhich gave some offense to the Indians, might have been one cause of its destruction. After the destruction of most of their dwellings, many of the inhabitants left the place, and repaired to Watertown, Concord, Hind other towns less exposed ; as we shall have occasion to * mention hereafter. Subsequent to this attack upon Marlborough, the Indians, about three hundred strong; who undoubtedly felt that they were masters of this region of cotmtry, retired to the woods not far distant, and encamped for the night. Lieut. Jacobs, of the garrison at Marlborough, conceived the bold design of sur prising them in their camp. Accordingly, on the night of the 27th, with a party of his men, and a portion of the citizens of the town, he attacked them when they were wrapped in pro found slmnber, and killed and wounded about forty, without sustaining any loss himself 75 The Indians seem to have resolved that this midnight assassination should not go unrequited. On the 17th of April, the largest number of Indians which had appeared in this neighborhood, attacked Sudbury, and before resistance could be made, set fire to several buildings, which were consumed. The inhabitants however rallied, and made a bold stand, and Avere soon joined by some soldiers from Watertown, under the lead of Capt. Hugh Mason. The Indians retreated over the bridge towards Marlborough,* and did no more damage that day. Capt. Wadsworth, a brave and experienced officer from Milton, who on a former occasion relieved Lancaster in the hour of her peril, marched Avith about fifty men from Boston, to strengthen the garrison at Marlborough ; and on his arrival there in the evening, he learned the fate of Sudbury. On his way to Marlborough he passed near where a portion of the Indians were concealed ; but they permitted him to move on, without showing themselves ; willing, no doubt, to be relieved from the presence of one they had so much reason to dread. When Capt. Wadsworth learned at Marlborough the particulars, as far as they were then known, of the attack that morning upon Sudbury, and that there was a party of Indians still lurking about the place, though he had marched all day and a part of the preceding night, he resolved to return to the relief of the place. Giving his men but a brief period for rest and refresh ment, and leaving some of them, who Avere nearly exhausted by the severe hardships they had already endured, accompa nied by Capt. Brocklebank, then in command at Marlborough, with a portion of his men he commenced his march for Sudbury. On the morning of the 18th f of April, when they * The portion of Sudbury which was attacked, and where the houses were ' burnt, was east of the river, in what is now Wayland. t There is considerable discrepancy with reference to the date of the Sudbury Fight — some placing it on the 18th, and some on the 21st of April. Though no principle is involved, it is always desirable to be historically correct. There are very respectable authorities on each side. Those who contend for the 18th, allege that this is the date upon the Wadsworth Monument, at Sudbury, and that it follows the authority of President Wadsworth, of Harvard College, who was a son of Capt. Wadsworth, and who would be likely to have the best information on the subject, and the strongest inducement to state it correctly. Hubbard, the historian of the Indian wars, places it on the 18th. The Massa- 76 had arrived within about a mile and a half of the town, they came near where a body of about five hundred Indians had prepared an ambush behind the hills. From their hiding- place, they sent out a few of their party, who crossed the march of the English, and being discovered by them, affected to fly through fear, to decoy them into a pursuit. The strata gem succeeded, and with great boldness the Indians began the chusetts Council communicate the fact of the Sudbury Fight to the Plymouth Colony in writing, on the 21st ; and considering that the battle lasted several hours, and that the men who sought shelter in the mill were not relieved till the afternoon, and that the Indians were left in possession of the field during the day, it is highly improbable, it is said, that the Council should receive the news and communicate it to Plymouth on the day of the iight, the Indians being in possession of the intervening country. Gov. Boutwell, in his Address at Sudbury, places it on the 18th, and says it could not have been as late as the 21st. Rev. Peter Hobart, of Hingham, has this entry in his journal: " AprU 18, 1676, Sudbury burnt, and Capt. Wads worth and Capt. Brocklebank slain." Hutchinson, in his History, Vol. 1, p. 305, says; "April 20, 1676, news came to Boston of the loss of Capt. Wads worth and fifty of his men, going to relieve Sudbury, attacked by the enemy." This statement is highly probable ; as the Indians were in Sudbury and vicinity in great force, they would naturally intercept the communication, so that the events of the 18th would not be likely to reach Boston before the 20th. Far mer says: " Capt. Wadsworth, freeman, 1668, killed by the Indians, April 18, 1676." Judge Sewall's Almanack has it on the 18th. WUIard fixes it on the 18th ; with which Ward concurs. On the other hand. Savage, whose authority stands high, places it on the 21st. Drake, who has investigated the subject pretty fully, thinks it was on the 21st. And in support of this position, he cites Gookin, who says he was attending church at Charlestown, on Lecture-day, when the news arrived ; and Mr. Drake asserts that the Lecture-day was Friday, which that year would fall on the 21st. This, he thinks, is conclusive upon the subject. But as religious meetings were numerous in those days, the Lecture might have been on some other day, or some other meeting might have been confounded with the Lecture. Mather sets it down as the 21st. But the fact that he adds a tale of the sufferings of the captives taken by the Indians, which, if true, could not have been known at the time, shows that this entry must have been made sometime after the date; which does not strengthen his authority. The Roxbury Records, where several of the slain belonged, fix the battle on the 21st. Gage, in his History of Rowley, where Captain Brocklebank and others engaged in the battle resided, places it on the 21st. Judge Sewall, in his journal, places it on the 21st; and the Probate Records of Middlesex, which are very reliable, sets down the death of those who fell as occurring on the 21st. Those who advocate the latter date assert, with a good degree of probability, that Gookin's intimacy with tjie Praying Indians, enabled him to obtain, through them, the earliest intelligence from the interior, and that they could in four or five hours convey the news to Charlestown. 77 attack. For a time the English maintained good order, and having retreated to an adjacent hill, sustained the conflict for nearly four hours, with a loss of only four or five men. Mean while the Indians had lost a great number, Avhich so enraged them, that they resolved upon another stratagem. They im mediately set fire to the woods to the windward of the English, Avhich spread with great rapidity, owing to an exceedingly high wind, and the dryness of the grass and other combusti bles. This stratagem succeeded better than the first ; for the first brought on an attack which had proved nearly fatal to the originators, but this Avas crowned with complete success. The fury of the flames drove the English from their advantageous position, which enabled the Indians, from their superior num bers, to fall upon them with their tomahawks, and assault them on every side. In this way many were enabled to attack a single individual, and the vast superiority of numbers at length prevailed over courage and discipline. All the English but about twenty were killed, or fell into the hands of the enemy ; among the former were the two captains. Some of those who escaped, took shelter in a mill not far distant, and were saved by the timely arrival of Capt. Prentice, with about fifty horse, and Capt. CroAvell, who fortunately was on his way from Brookfield with about thirty men. Both of these officers narrowly escaped the fate of the gallant Wadsworth and Brocklebank. The number of the English killed in this bloody encounter is not certainly known. Different estimates have been made ; but it is probable that the true number was about thirty — a great slaughter, considering the number of men engaged. The loss of these men, with their gallant commanders, was severely felt by the Colony. " Wadsworth," says Hubbard, the his torian of this war, " was a resolute, stout-hearted soldier, and Brocklebank was a choice-spirited man." While this and even greater praise is due to them, they probably suffered their zeal and courage to carry them too far, and to neglect that precau tion which is all-important, in contending with such wdy and treacherous enemies. Capt. Samuel Wadsworth was the youngest son of Chris topher Wadsworth, one of the eariy Plymouth Pilgrims, who setded in Duxbury Avith Miles Standish. Samuel Wadsworth 11 78 was born at Duxbury, about 1630, and was therefore forty-five or six years of age at the time of his death. He first appears at Milton on their Records in 1656, and was interested in the separation of that town from Dorchester, and in its incorpora tion, in 1662. He was the first commander of a company of militia in Milton, filled important town and church offices, was a representative in the General Court, and was highly esteemed by his fellow-townsmen. Capt. Samuel Brocklebank, of Rowley, was bom in Eng land, and was also about forty-six years of age at the time of his death. The loss of these brave men and so many of their gallant followers, spread grief and constemation through Marl borough and the neighboring towns. So great was the dismay, that the settlement at Marlborough was substantially broken up, most of the famdies retiring to the older towns for safety, where they remained till the war was over — ^which practically terminated with the death of Philip, in August, 1676. After this victory at Sudbury, the tide of war seemed to turn against the Indians. They dispersed through the Colony, and in May and June burnt a portion of Bridgewater and Plymouth, and visited again the valley of the Connecticut ; but the chas tisement they received at Deerfield, and Hatfield, and Hadley, broke their courage, and many of them were ready to sue for peace. Philip, who had fled to the Mohawks, attempted to engage them in his interest ; but fading in that, he returned, and was lurking about Mount Hope. The troops of Massachu setts and Plymouth kept a careful watch for him. At length Capt. Church, with about thirty of his own soldiers and twenty friendly Indians, surprised him in his quarters, kdled about one hundred and thirty of his men, and took his wife and Sbn prisoners. Phdip himself just escaped with his life. About ten days after, the persevering and determined Church had an opportunity to rid the country of this terrible enemy. Phdip having put one of his warriors to death for advising him to make peace with the English, the brother of the slaughtered man, fearing the same fate, fled to the English, informed them of Philip's place of retirement, and offered to lead them to his camp. Capt. Church, who never suffered an opportunity to be lost, started early on the morning of the 12th of August, 1676, came to the swamp where the daring chief was encamped, and 79 before he was discovered, had placed a guard about it, so as to encompass it, except at one point. He then ordered Capt. Goulding to rush into the swamp at the point unguarded, and fall upon Philip in his camp, which was immediately done. On discovering the approach of the English, Philip was the first to fly. Having but just aAvakened from sleep, and having on but a part of his clothes, he seized his gun and fled with precipitation, running directly to a thicket where Church had placed an Englishman and an Indian, to intercept his flight. On his near approach, the faithful guard arose from their secret covert. The Englishman presented his musket, but it missed fire ; the Indian, whose gun was loaded with two balls, sent one of them through Philip's heart. He fell in the mud and water, with his gun under him, and expired. Alderman, the Indian who shot Philip, was a brother of the warrior he had put to death, and the one who had led Church to the place of Philip's concealment. Agreeably to the spirit of the times, which we cannot at this day commend, Capt. Church ordered Philip to be beheaded and quartered. The Indian who executed this order pronounced a warrior's eulogy : " You have been one very great man. You have made many a man afraid of you. But big as you be, I will now chop you to pieces." Thus fell a savage hero and patriot — of whose daring cour age and transcendent abilities, our history furnishes melancholy evidence. With the fall of Philip, expired the hope of his tribe and the confidence of his confederates. The war was continued in the Province of Maine for some time, but in the Colony proper the people had rest. It is impossible for us, at this day, fully to realize the situa tion of the inhabitants of Marlborough at that eventful period. They were in a manner a frontier settlement. After the de struction of Brookfield, there was no town west of them this side of Connecticut River ; and though the town was made a military post, and troops were quartered there to protect the inhabitants, and keep open a line of communication with Con necticut River, such a post could do but little towards defend ing the laborers in their fields, or the famdies scattered over the township. The midnight incursions of the wily foe, and their secret, stealthy march through the surrounding forests, rendered 80 the famdies neariy as insecure as though no troops were in the place. Their condition was truly deplorable. Exposed at all times to a sudden surprise, or a secret ambush, the laborer felt no security amid his toils, and his famdy, in his absence, were filled with apprehension that he might fall a prey to the merci less enemy, or that they might be massacred in the absence of their protector. Thus a death with torture, or a hopeless cap tivity, must have constandy haunted their imagination. At night many of them repaired to their garrisons, leaving their homes and whatever they contained an easy prey to the enemy. Their perilous condition is well described in a stanza of a fron tier ballad : " The hostile savage yells for prey Along the pathless wild ; The huntsman's track is watched by day, By night his sleep 's beguiled. His blazing cottage lights the gloom. His infant shrieks the alarm ; His wife sinks lifeless in a swoon, Or bleeds within his arm." The horrors and devastation of Philip's war have no parallel in our history. The Revolution was a struggle for freedom ; the contest with Philip was for existence. The war lasted only about fourteen months ; and yet the towns of Brookfield, Lancaster, Marlborough, Medfield, Sudbury, Groton, Deerfield, Hatfield, Hadley, Northfield, Springfield, Weymouth, Chelms ford, Andover, Scituate, Bridgewater, Plymouth, and several other places, were Avholly or partially destroyed, and many of the inhabitants were massacred or carried into captivity. Dur ing this short period, six hundred of our brave men, the flower and strength of the Colony, had fallen, and six hundred dwell ing-houses were consumed. Every eleventh family was house less, and every eleventh soldier had sunk to his grave. The inhabitants suffered almost every privation. Nor were the sufferings confined to them. The gallant soldiers who took their lives in their hands to preserve the English settlement, endured incredible hardships from cold and hunger £md fatigue ; and though subjected to tedious marches through trackless forests, and to a winter campaign amid drifts of snow, where they were exposed in their destitution to the midnight attack 81 and the secret ambush of an enemy practiced in every art of gude, and every species of torture, they bore their sufferings with unwavering fortitude, being determined to endure any hardship, and to brave any danger in the cause of their God and their country. We have no means of knoAving the number of Marlborough men who were engaged in this war, or who fell in the conflict. It being a frontier town, and gready exposed, it is not probable that many of the citizens were called far from hojne, to en counter the enemy. We have seen that a portion of the citi zens joined Lieut. Jacobs in the bold attack upon the Indian encampment. The records of the town give the names of John Howe, Henry Axtel, and Eleazer Ward, who were slain by the Indians in Sudbury, in 1676. Whether they fell with the gallant WadsAvorth, in what is known as the " Sudbury Fight," or were cut off by some small party of Indians, is uncertain. The circumstance that many of the inhabitants left the place after the breaking out of hostdities, would natmrally account for the fact that but few of them were lost in the bloody conflict. There are some supposed instances, of individuals being killed or captured by the Indians ; but the evidence of the fact is mostly traditionary. Hubbard, in his History of the War, informs us that on the 16th of November, 1675, Capt. Hench man marched from Boston, and on the fourth day fell suddenly upon a party of Indians at Grafton, and " rescued the miller's boy taken the week before at Marlborough." He also speaks of the shepherd boy killed in Marlborough, the same year. The question naturally arises. What course did the Marlbo rough Indians pursue during this war? This subject is involved in some uncertainty. They were strongly suspected of being in secret league with Philip ; and Capt. Mosely was sent by the Government to bring them to Boston. He arrived with his company at Marlborough, at night, and early the next morning, before the Indians had any suspicion of his design, surrounded their fort, seized their arms, and obliged them to surrender. They made no resistance ; and were taken into custody by the soldiers, their hands tied behind them, and connected by a cart rope, were driven to Boston in company with some of the Natick Indians ; and from thence were hurried down to one of 82 the Islands in the harbor, where it is said they suffered severe hardships. Gookin, whose acquaintance with the "Praying Indians" made him a good judge, labors to show that this harsh treats ment Avas unjustifiable ; and maintains that they were neutral in this war. But there is good reason to believe that some of them were treacherous. They did not take any open part in the contest, most of them remaining on their plantation. It is Avell known that the Springfield Indians, who professed to be friendly, aided in the attack upon Westfield, Hadley, and other places. This would naturally lead to a suspicion that others, professing fidelity, might also be false. It is also known that some of the Marlborough Indians were Avith the enemy in the western part of the State, immediately before their descent upon Lancaster ; and though they pretended that they had been " carried away by other Indians," and professed a wdling- ness to return, it is highly probable that they at least, gave their red brethren all the information in their power concerning the condition of things in Marlborough, and other towns in the vicinity, if they did not join in the expedition. And this suspi cion is strengthened by the well-known fact, that they were highly displeased Avith the Marlborough people for locating their meeting-house upon what they considered a part of their plantation. This may have been one cause of the burning of that house. After the the war was over, some of the Mariborough Indians retumed to their former place of abode ; but their plantation was in a great measure broken up, and they were compelled to seek shelter as best they were able. A considerable portion of those who returned, after the close of the war, lived in the western part of the town, on the farm of Thomas Brigham, one of the eariy proprietors, and the ancestor of many of the Brighams of Mariborough and Westborough. "Among those who returned," says Rev. Dr. Allen, "was David, alias David Munnanow, who joined Philip, and, as he afterwards confessed, assisted in the destruction of Medfield. This treacherous Indian had. it is said, a slit thumb, which circumstance led to his conviction. He had been absent from Mariborough several months, and after his return gave no ac count of himself, whither he had been, or how he had employed 83 himself in the mean time. At length, however, an inhabitant of Medfield, one whom Munnanow had wounded, being in Marlborough, immediately recognized him by his thumb, and charged him with his treachery. At first he denied the charge, but finding that the proof against him could not be evaded, he owned that he had been led away by Philip, and had assisted in the buming of Medfield. He Avas, however, suffered to live without molestation. His wigwam was on the borders of the pond near the public house long knoAvn as Williams's Tavern, where he lived with his family many years, and died in ex treme old age." Some of the remnant of these Indians remained in Marlbo rough for some time, being a poor, dissolute race. They had a burying-ground in the south-westerly part of the town, Avhere the last of them were interred. It has been regarded as sacred, no one being disposed to disturb the ashes of those whose ancestors were once the proud owners of the country we are now permitted to enjoy. The war whose history we have thus briefly sketched, had inflicted a deep wound upon the Colony. The loss of so large a number of its effective men, greatly weakened its strength ; and the destruction of so many dwellings and other property, left the people impoverished. But the war, which was so severe to the Colony, was destruction to their enemies. The Indians not only lost a large number of their people, but by appealing to the arbitrament of the sword, they had by the laAVS, even of civilized warfare, put their whole possessions at hazard. The Colony could now lawfully claim the vacant lands from which the Indians had been driven. All the In dians, except those who had remained friendly, had forfeited their lands, and most of them retired beyond the bounds of the Colony ; so that Philip's war, which greatly impeded the growth of the Colony at the time, opened its whole territory for settlement, and thus contributed in the end, to give a firmer footing to the English settlements. It seems to be true of states, as of individuals, that affliction gives them character, by enlisting their energies and teaching them their dependence. And it is one mitigation of the horrors of war, that in many ways, unforeseen by mortals, God makes 'the wrath of man to praise him.' The history of the Avorld 84 presents us with many instances, in which the cause of civili zation and improvement has been promoted by war. This is true of the destructive war of King Phdip. The English, up to that time, had but a precarious foothold in New England. That bloody contest settled the question forever, and gave them the undisputed possession of this section of the country. No doubt the Colony grew and prospered more, for the suc ceeding half century, than it would have done, if Philip and the Narragansets had remained in a state of uncertain peace. The French wars were a great scourge to the Colonies, and yet they prepared the people for the Revolutionary straggle, and so were a means, in the Divine Hand, of training us for a higher destiny. And the Revolutionary war, with all its suffer ing and exhaustion, was overruled by Infinite Wisdom for the happiness of this people, and for the more rapid spread of the principles of civil liberty among the nations of the earth. No philosopher of history will pretend, for a moment, that the cause of humanity and religion even, would have been pro moted by our remaining Colonies of Great Britain. No doubt the prosperity of both nations has been facilitated by the sepa ration. And may we not hope that the present distracted state of this country may be a means of the advancement of the human race. Though it is a sad reflection, that brethren who have long dwelt together in unity should assume a hostile attitude to each other, and should take the field with all the tenible enginery of destruction, it may be that wise and even benev olent ends will be accomplished by this awful scourge. We have had, from the first, one degrading and disturbing element in the midst of us. The system of human slavery, repugnant alike to the spirit of our free institutions and to the laws of the Almighty, has ever been a stain upon our national character. Its corrupting influence has long been seen and felt by our wisest statesmen and purest patriots. Its existence was deplored by the fathers of the Republic, who took measures, as they supposed, for its gradual extinction. But the purchase of Louisiana, and the culture of cotton, gave a new impulse to the institution, and placed it upon a firmer basis than it had ever before enjoyed. In the meantime, the evil effects of the insti tution were developing themselves in the arrogant and haughty 85 demeanor of the slaveholders, who in fact claimed the right to rule the nation, as they did their slaves. And to strengthen themselves in their lordly demands, they succeeded, by the treachery of many northern men, in annexing a large portion of slave territory, for the avowed purpose of spreading that corrupt and corrupting institution. Strengthened by their suc cess, they plunged the nation into an unnecessary and unjust war with Mexico, to further the policy of extending an inhuman institution, and enabling the slave States to hold the balance of power ; so that they might in futme rule the nation, or in case of failure, sunder the Republic and set up for themselves. The election of a President opposed to their policy, and the fact of the more rapid increase of population in the free States, showed the arrogant slaveholders that the sovereignty of the slave power was doomed. Falling back upon Avhat they falsely call their " reserved rights," but in reality, their long-cherished and concerted system of treason, they threw off the mask, seized the property of the United States, and commenced an unnatural and unholy war upon the country from which they had derived all their blessings. No alternative was left to the free States but to submit to their lawless aggressions, or repel their wicked assaults. After a patient forbearance, which has no parallel in history, the Government at Washington took the firm resolve. A call was made upon the country to sustain the Constitution and the Laws. The effect was truly electrifying. Party animosities were forgotten, and the whole people in the free States rose as one man ; and the only strife was, who should fly first to the standard of their common country. The history of the Avorld does not present a more sublime spectacle than this rising of the free States to sustain the blessed inheritance which has come down to us from our fathers. They saw that the " irrepressible conflict " had been precipitated upon them, and they resolved to meet the issue. The fire of patriotism which had slumbered in the American bosom, was instantly kindled into a flame, and the northern heart beat high with the resolve,, that the Union must be sus tained at every hazard ; and the lives and fortunes of the people were, without reserve, tendered to the Administration, Avith the solemnly implied injunction that the Rebellion must be put down, and the fruitful cause of this treason be restrained, 12 86 suppressed, and finally eradicated from the land. Let this be done ; and however great may be the evils of the war, they wdl be more than balanced by wiping out this foul stain from our national escutcheon, by extirpating this cancer from the body politic, by removing from the land this withering curse, which paralyzes our industry, blights our prosperity, dries up the fountain of moral sentiment, and, like the poisonous sirocco of the desert, scatters disease and death, both physical and moral, throughout the fair Eden of our national inher itance. CHAPTER IV. RE-SETTLEMENT OF MARLBOROUGH — INDIAN WARS, &c. The Inhabitants return — Rebuild the Meeting-House — Erect another — Deed from the Indians — Petition for the Indian Plantation — The Plantation purchased — Deed pronounced void by the General Court — List of Proprie tors—They divide the Lands — The Land Mania general — The People erect a New Meeting-House — Establish Schools — Show their Devotion to Civil Liberty — Elizabeth Howe taken captive — An Attempt to settle a. Successor to Mr. Brimsmead — Rev. Mr. Breck settled — Queen Anne's War — Capture of the Rice Children — Of John Bigelow — Of Howe and Wilder — Of 'Miss Goodnow — Garrisons — Seating the Meeting-House — Westborough set off from Marlborough — Alcocke's Farm and Indian Plant ation annexed — Southborough set off — Death and Character of Rev. Mr. Breck. On the breaking out of Phdip's war in 1675, many of the inhabitants of Marlborough left the place, to seek shelter in more populous and less 'exposed tOAvns. The absence of the settlers, and the destruction of their houses and other property by the Indians, had temporarily rendered the place nearly des olate. But on the restoration of peace, the inhabitants returned to their former places of residence, and commenced, ancAV, the settlement of the town. In 1677, John Woods, constable, pre ferred a petition to the General Court, setting forth that about twenty-seven families had already returned, and prayed that they might be permitted to call a town meeting for the man agement of their affairs by the election of town officers, and thus renew their municipal organization, which had been inter rupted for two years — which request was granted. Among the first objects of their attention, after the choice of officers, was that of providing a place for public worship. They accordingly proceeded to erect a meeting-house, which. 88 like the former, that was burnt by the Indians, was thatched Avith straw, or rather a kind of tall grass taken from a meadow, since called, from that circumstance, " Thatch MeadoAv." This house was located on the old spot, and being left in an unfinished state, lasted but a few years. In 1680, an unsuc cessful attempt Avas made to enlarge it. At length, in 1688, a larger and more commodious house was erected, near the site of the former, which lasted one hundred and twenty years — having stood till the new meeting-houses were erected ; the one at Spring Hill, and the other at the West End, in 1806. The old meeting-house, in 1689, was valued at ten pounds, and the pulpit at four pounds, " which were improved in the new meet ing-house, for carrying on the finishing of that." Though the township was granted to the proprietors in 1656, by the General Court, A Indians. DANIEL TAKAWOMPAIT- ) June nth and 12th, 1684.— At a Court held at Natick, among the Indians, there appeared in Court and before me, all the sealers and subscribers to this Deed, being twenty-five [there are twenty-six signatures] persons in number, and freely acknowl edged this writing to be their act and deed. As attests, Daniel Gookin, Sen'r, Assistant. This Deed entered in the Begister at Cambridge.— i*. 9, page 293—299. 7. 2. '85. By Thomas Danforth, B. 92 It wdl be seen by the foregoing signatures, that six of the grantees, viz., AndreAV Pitimee, James Speen, Simon Betogkom, Thomas Waban, and Benjamin B. Boho, wrote their names; and that the same is true of the two Indian witnesses. This fact shows that, under the guardian care of Eliot and Gookin, the Indians had made some advances in learning and civdiza- tion. Daniel Takawompait was the pastor of the Indian Church at Natick, in 1698, ordained by the great Indian aposde, Eliot. He is said to have been a man of great knowledge. Thomas Waban was probably the son of Old Waban, the first Indian convert in the Colony, and Avho maintained through life a sober, Christian character, and died 1674, aged seventy years. If a muUiplicity of grantees, or a tedious verbosity of lan guage can add strength to a tide, the people of Madborough must have held their lands by a sure tenure. In fa,ct, the Indians had no title, either in laAV or equity, to this township, and the payment of the sum of thirty-one pounds, as we have already observed, was a mere gratuity, and must have been so considered at the time. We mention this to show that the people of Marlborough Avere, in this instance, very liberal towards this remnant of a feeble and perishing tribe. And we speak of it the more readily, because most of the same inhabitants, in another transaction with the Indians of that day, pursued a course of doubtful equity, and of an illegal character. After the close of Philip's war, there was a strong desire man ifested by the inhabitants of Marlborough and the vicinity, to possess the land included in the Indian Plantation. The Gen eral Court, in laying out that Plantation, plainly indicated that, from its position, it ought, Avhenever alienated, to belong to Marlborough. Hence the pre-emptive right to purchase was by the Court secured to them. But it appears that others, be sides the inhabitants of Marlborough, coveted this plantation. In May, 1677, Thomas Beaman, Josiah Sawyer, John Bow- ker, Josiah Howe, John Witherbee, Joseph Daby, Thomas Mar tin, Samuel Stow, Samuel Winch, John Haynes, and Samuel Bush, inhabitants of Marlborough,* Lancaster and Sudbury, preferred a petition to the General Court, setting forth that the * The names in Italics appear to have been citizens of Marlborough. 93 Marlborough Indians, during the recent war, had been per fidious, and had taken part with the enemy, and so had forfeited their title to the Plantation of Ockoocangansett ; and that they, the petitioners, had been in their country's service, and had hazarded their lives against the common enemy, and had suf fered in their estates by having their habitations burnt, so that they were unable comfortably to provide for themselves and families; — Avherefore they "humbly pray that this Hon. Court would be pleased to grant unto these your petitioners, the said tract of land, or upon moderate terms, grant sale of said lands unto us, that with the blessing of God upon our labors, and your Honors' good will, we may be in good capacity to provide for ourselves and families; and your humble suppliants shall forever hold themselves obliged, and as in duty they ought, ever pray, and endeavor the good and welfare of this Common wealth and this Honorable Court." But as humble and devoted as these petitioners professed to be, the Court did not see fit to grant their request. In May, 1684, John Ruddocke and thirty-four others of Marl borough, petitioned the General Court for authority to purchase the Indian plantation, and some ten of the Indians joined in the request. But Capt. Tom, Witt Wahaughton, and twenty-five other Indians, memorialize the Court, and allege that they are and always have been friends of the English ; and that the plantation at Marlborough was granted with an express provis ion, that it was not to be sold without the consent of the Court ; but that Thomas Waban and Great James do appropriate to themselves the land at Marlborough, and sell it, and that with out order, and keep all the pay to themselves ; they therefore ask that the General Court " would be pleased to take so much matter of the business for us, as to appoint a committee to in quire into the business, that justice may be done to the Indians in this case ; for many Indians are very much distressed about it, — Ave having showed ourselves under the wing of your Hon ors, do rest, hoping for a gracious answer." This appeal to the Court was duly considered ; and in this case, as in every other in which the Indians Avere a party, the Colony adhered to its plighted faith, and protected the Indians in their rights. The General Court did not grant the prayer of John Ruddocke and others, and authorize the sale of the plant- 13 94 ation. But it appears that the principal inhabitants of Marlbo rough, headed by John Brigham, resolved to possess the Indian lands ; and to cut the knot which they could not untie, on the 15th of July, 1684, they obtained, without the consent of the Court, a deed of the plantation from the Indians. This fact being brought to the knowledge of the General Court, they passed the following order on the subject. " This Court doth order and declare, that the Indian deed of sale to the inhabitants of Marlborough, of five thousand eight hundred acres of land lying at Whipsufferadge, near Marlbo rough, granted to the Indians by this Court for a township or plantation, which deed bears date July 15, 1684, is illegal, and consequently null and void ; being made and done expressly con trary to the law and order of this Court." But notwithstanding this explicit declaration of the Court; that the deed was void, and consequently the title invalid, the purchasers proceeded at once to take possession of the planta tion, and to lay out and divide the lands. " The 29th of October, 1686 : At a meeting of the proprietors of Ockoocangansett Plantation, it was ordered that every propri etor should have laid out to him in some of the best of the land lying as conveniently as may be to the town of Marlborough, vthirty acres for a first division of upland, and Mr. John Brigham is agreed withall, to lay out the abovesaid lands, and to have five shillings a day, the one half in money, the other half in corn, rye at four shillings per bushel, and Indian at three shil lings per bushel, and to have his diet all the while he is about the work. Also at the same meeting it was agreed that John Maynard, Sen., and Richard Barnes, should join with John Brigham, to order the laying out of the land, and order high ways according to their best discretion, and they to have two shillings a day for their pains, in corn at country prices. Also, at the same meeting, it was agreed that when the lots were laid out, every proprietor should draw his lot." At a meeting of the proprietors, in December of the same year, probably to avoid any collision with the General Court, it was voted that Maj. Hincksman and others who had a claim against the Colony, " should have the thousand acres of land which was surveyed by John Brigham, and signified by the plats under his hand, should be recorded in the Company's 95 Book of Records, so that it make a final setdement of all dif ference about the said land, as to any further claimes." As the proprietors of the Indian plantation were in a great measure identical Avith the inhabitants of the town, and as the history of the plantation from this time forward is, in part, the history of the town, we will give a list of them, which shows who were the principal inhabitants in 1686, when the Ockoo cangansett Plantation was practically swallowed up in Marl borough. John Ruddocke, Jonathan Johnson, Nathaniel Joslin, Sen., Nathaniel Joslin, Jr., Thomas Barnes, Samuel Goodnow, Thomas Howe, John Barnes, Isaac Newton, Richard Barnes, Eleazer Howe, Thomas Rutter, John Bigelow, Moses Newton, Thomas Martin, Joseph Rice, Samuel Brigham, Thomas Hincksman, Nathaniel Johnson, John Barrett, Sen., John Rediat, Daniel Howe, John Fay, John Bowker, Abraham Howe, Jerathmell Bowers, Edward Rice, James Taylor, Thomas Brigham, John Jones, Mercy Hunt, John Gove, Joshua Rice, William Ward, James Ward, Nathaniel Rice, John Maynard, Moses Parker, James Woods, -' Joseph Newton, Samuel Ward, William Eager, John Johnson, Isaac Amsden, Solomon Johnson, Thomas Wheeler, Samuel Stow, James Sawyer, Josiah Howe, Joseph Bulkley, John Brigham, William Taylor. Feeling uneasy about the title to their lands, the proprietors, under their own hand in 1693, agreed that their grants of land "shall stand good to all intents and purposes, if they be attested by John Brigham their Clerk." But knowing that their own act could not supply the legal defect in their original purchase, at a meeting of the proprietors, held February 5, 1703, ' it was voted that they would try to come into a way for the confirmation of their land ; ' and James Sawyer, Thomas Howe, and Nathaniel Gove were chosen a committee, "for to atain a confirmation." Despairing of any confirmation from the Court whose authority they had disregarded, at a meeting held in February, 1709, they ' voted that they would make articles to bind themselves in a covenant, whereby what we do may stand in force.' Subsequently, the proprietors signed a cove- 96 nant, that they would pay each his several proportion, to defray all charges growing out of their lands. They appear to have been conscious that their title Avas invalid ; and hence they Avere wdling to make common cause against any one who should attempt to dispossess them. The Legislature having declared the original purchase illegal, Avere not disposed to retrace their steps, and give legality to a viola tion of their order. But in 1719, another attempt was made to obtain a confirmation of the purchase, and the Court finally annexed the territory to the town of Marlborough, and at the same time confirmed the title to their lands. There can be no doubt that the Indians might have dispos sessed the proprietors of their lands, if they had brought a suit in the Courts, or had prosecuted their claim before the Legisla ture. But that portion of the tribe which had consented to the sale, could have no motive to do it ; and the general dispersion of the tribe, and the consciousness that some of their num bers, at least, had been unfaithful during Phdip's war, would naturally deter them from taking any step, which would pro voke inquiry into their conduct. The General Court, too, knowing that the Indian plantation ought, from its position, to belong to Marlborough, would not be likely, of their own motion, to take any step to dispossess the proprietors. They had pronounced the purchase a nullity, and they refused to confirm it ; and so left the question to be agitated by those who had a direct interest in it. No suit having arisen, and no one interrupting their possession, they gained a tide by pre scription, and the Court then confirmed it. A question here arises as to the justice of the course pursued by the people in relation to this territory. So far as their course related to the public, it was wrong. They violated public policy. The General Court, by providing that their assent should be obtained to give validity to a purchase, intend ed to guard the Indians against imposition ; and by purchasing the plantation in contravention of that wise and wholesome order of the Court, they subjected themselves to the suspicion of having defrauded the Indians, whether they did or not. A copy of this deed has not been found ; nor has it been ascer tained what sum was paid for the plantation. It is presumed, however, that the price was not at all extravagant, but that the 97 poor Indians were, to some extent at least, defrauded in the bargain. But the people of Marlborough have at least this apology; they acted in accordance with the spirit of the age. The thirst for land incident to all new settlements, took pretty strong hold of the people at that day. They probably were imbued with the superstitious belief that, like the Israelites of old, they were in a manner sent to drive out the heathen. The evils of the late war, the barbarity of the Indians, and the great losses they had experienced, would naturally strengthen their faith in their mission to make this country a Canaan of rest, which they could best do by cultivating the soil, Avhere the enemy so recently lurked in ambush. One of the characteristics' of our Avorthy ancestors was, the love of expansion and desire for landed possessions. We see this exhibited not in Marlborough alone, but in every settlement. Petitions are presented to the General Court, setting forth their immediate wants or sufferings, their inability to support their families, and closing with a prayer for a grant of wild land, that could not in any degree administer to their present wants, however it might contribute to their future wealth. This desire for landed possessions became a kind of mania with the people generally, and almost the Avhole community were engaged in such speculations. Outward circumstances contributed to fan this flame. The fear of having the Colonial charters revoked, induced all the Colonies to be liberal in the grants of their lands ; and the dis putes which arose among the Colonies concerning the bound ary of their respective dominions, made all parties inclined to grant lands freely, especially within the disputed territory. The paucity of the Indian tribes, which at the first establish ment of the Colony, left a vast quantity of vacant territory, and the almost extinction of these tribes by the late destructive war, opened a still more extensive field for settlements. The people thought that, as they had driven out the heathen by suffering — by toil — by blood — they were justly entitled to some remunera tion for the hardships they had endured, and the losses they had sustained ; and that a liberal inheritance of the soil, which they had thus redeemed from savage beasts and savage men, was no more than their just due. As in war it is lawful to 98 forage upon the enemy, and as "to the victors belong the spoils," they could easily reconcile themselves to the reception of a liberal tract of that land which God had designed for civil ized man. These feelings, however just they may be, when kept within proper bounds, and restricted to their absolute wants, Avere un doubtedly carried to considerable extent, and may perhaps justify the remark that they tolerated at least the sentiment which is now almost openly proclaimed, that it is innocent to cheat the public. And though the first settlers of Marlborough may not have been faultless in the purchase of the Indian plantation, it hardly becomes those of us at the present day, who run wild in pursuit of California gold, or who embark in every vain scheme of speculation, to accuse them of selfish ness. But while such considerations may disarm an accuser, they can hardly justify the policy, or sanctify the act itself After the close of the Narraganset, or Philip's war, Marl borough enjoyed a season of peace. Industry revived; their habitations were rebuilt ; and a considerable acquisition was made to the Settlement. The people, turned their attention to their municipal affairs, to the improvement of those institutions on which the prosperity of every community must depend. We have already said that, in 1688, the people erected a new house of worship. This house, for that day, was large and commodious, as may be inferred from the fact that, with a few modifications, it met the wants of the people for more than a century. It appears, however, that at that early period there Avas some opposition to the location of the house. The love of expansion had already planted several famdies west of the Assabet, and near Chauncy pond ; and it was clearly foreseen that a considerable settlement Avoidd grow up in that part of the township. To satisfy these families, it was voted, " That if the westerly part of the town shall see cause afterwards to build another meeting-house, and find themselves able to do so, and to maintain a minister ; then the division to be made by a line at the cartway at Stirrip brook, where the Connecticut way now goeth, and to run a parallel line with the west line of the bounds of the town." This act of the town showed a liberal spirit towards the dis- 99 tant settlers, and laid the foundation for the erection of a new town, Avhich subsequently took place. The early Records of Marlborough are exceedingly meagre. Save the division of lands and the laying out of highways, there is no record of their municipal proceedings for a long period. There must have been a record of their doings at the time, but it is unfortunately lost. From 1665 to 1739 there is no consecutive account, so that Ave have to depend upon a hint, here and there, found in the proprietors' records, or connected with the doings of the Company owning the Indian plantation. We learn from these that Benjamin Franklin, probably an uncle of Dr. Franklin, was employed as a schoolmaster in Marlborough, from the first of November, 1696, to the last of March, 1697, at eight shillings per week ; " he engaging care fully to teach all such youth as come, or are sent to him, to read English once a day, at least, and more, if need require ; also to learn to write and cast accounts." This school Avas kept at Isaac Wood's house, which was then unoccupied. Jan uary 10, 1698—9, the town voted to build a school-house. After this, Mr. Jonathan Johnson was employed as a schoolmaster several years in succession. The inhabitants of Marlborough manifested, at an early day, their devotion to the cause of liberty. When the tyrant, An dres, was resisted, and made prisoner by an indignant people, for his numerous acts of oppression, on the 18th of April, 1689, the Govemment of the Colony was superseded by an organiza tion which took the title of " A Council for the Safety of the People and the Conservation of the Peace." This Council recommended to the towns to meet by delegates to provide for their own safety. Marlborough responded to the call, and Obadiah Ward, Sen., and John Brigham, were chosen dele gates ; and Avhen the Convention had duly considered the sub ject, they resolved " to resume the Government according to Charter rights ; " and the Govemor and Magistrates chosen in 1686, were requested to carry on the affairs of the Colony. Though the Indians who were confederated under Philip, submitted to the English after the death of their daring leader, the northem and western Indians, instigated by the French in Canada, made frequent incursions into the Colony, but did not 100 generally penetrate as far south and east as Marlborough. There were, hoAvever, a few isolated cases in which they stole into the town or neighborhood, and destroyed or carried into captivity a few individuals. On the 18th of July, 1692, a party of Indians assaulted the house of Peter Joslin, in Lancaster, who was at labor in the field, and barbarously butchered his wife and three chddren, together with a widow lady living in his famdy. Elizabeth Howe, of Marlborough, daughter of John Howe, and a sister of Mrs. Joslin, was there on a visit at the time, just before the period fixed for her marriage. She, with one of Mrs. Joslin's children, was carried into captivity. The child was murdered in the Avilderness, but she was retained three or four years, Avhen she was redeemed by the Government. After she re turned to her friends, she was married to Thomas Keyes, to whom she was engaged before her capture. Mr. Keyes, sup posing she was irrecoverably lost to him, resolved never to marry ; but, on her return, wisely changed his mind. She was never able to overcome the shock of terror she experienced at the time she was made a prisoner, though she lived to the age of eighty-seven years. We should be glad to open the century with a full vicAv of the condition of the town at that time ; but the meagre state of the Records up to 1700 forbid any such detail. The ex cellency of the soil, its adaptation to grass and to orchards, which were early planted, and produced an abundance of fruit ; and above all, the acquisition of the Indian plantation, would naturally bring settlers to the place. There had been an addi tion of several families. The names of Stow, Morse, Weeks, Holloway, Sherman, Bigelow, Wheelock, Keyes, Forbush, Oakes, Hapgood, and others, had been added to the list of the inhabitants, and there must have been a considerable increase in the older families in the place. But the thnst for more land, and the fear of being " straitened " for the want of room, led many of the settlers to move farther west. In fact, Marlborough, for a long period, was a sort of way-station — a place for a tem porary sojourn for the families which were bound to towns farther in the interior. The Howes, the Brighams, the Rices, the Wards, the Newtons, and several other famdies which were 101 numerous here, early commenced a tide of emigration ; and Shrewsbury, and Brookfield, and Rutland, and Worcester, and Grafton, drew largely from the population of this town. In 1701, the church and town had the misfortune to lose their minister, the Rev. Mr. Brimsmead. Though he had be come rather infirm, he had kept them together in peace. But on his decease, an unfortunate misunderstanding arose, which greatly disturbed the quiet of the town. In September of that year. Rev. John Emerson, a native of IpsAvich, and a graduate from Harvard in 1689, was invited to become their minister. This gave rise to a warm and bitter controversy, in Avhich there was too much evidence that the parties belonged to the church militant. In March, 1702, Mr. Emerson declined the invitation, which was renewed in April, and declined again in May. The advice of several distinguished divines was asked, and tAVO ecclesiastical councils were convened, both of which advised Mr. Emerson to decline the invitation, in consequence of the divided state of opinion among the people. The papers connected with this controversy, such as letters of invitation, remonstrances, and the results of councils, have been pre served, and among them are letters from Increase and Cotton Mather. These papers, whde they show a decided opposition to the settlement of Mr. Emerson, on the one hand, and a fixed deter mination for his settlement, on the other, give us no distinct information relative to the grounds of opposition. The character or doctrines of the candidate are not questioned, nor any rea sons alleged, of sufficient magnitude, to justify the excitement which prevailed among the people for more than a year. The feeling was probably somewhat personal and sectional, and may have been the germ of local considerations which subsequently disturbed the peace of the town. In those days, when the religious element was in active operation, whatever disturbed the people in that respect, extended to all the relations of life. They regarded the ecclesiastical as the fundamental principle of society ; and though they may have mistaken their own prejudices for the promptings of religious faith, they acted as though the impulse were from on high. Though we cannot justify their course, we are willing they should be judged in the spirit of the age in which they lived. Nothing but feelings u 102 deep-seated, and resting somewhat on religious convictions, could have aroused the whole community, and brought the principal men * before the public in this determined manner. After Mr. Emerson declined the invitation at Marlborough, he Avas settled in New Castle, N. H., in 1703, where he re mained tdl 1712, Avhen he took a dismission, and was after wards setded in Portsmouth, N. H. He died there, 1732. The unprofitable controversy in relation to the call of Mr. Emerson having been brought to a close, by his absolute refusal to settle among them, the people of Marlborough, before attempting to settle a minister, thought it expedient to take counsel of the churches. Accordingly, Rev. Joseph Estabrook, of Concord, Rev. Thomas Clarke, of Chelmsford, and Rev. Grindall Rawson, of Mendon, were called to advise in their * Those who opposed the settlement of Mr. Emerson were WiUiam Kerly, Obadiah Ward, Samuel Stow, James Taylor, Jr., Joseph Morse, William Taylor, James Hosmer, John Howe, Josiah Howe, Thomas Howe, Supply Weeks, John Barnes, Sen., John Barnes, Jr., Nathaniel Johnson, Alexander Stewart, Joseph Wait, Daniel Newton, Zachary Eager, Isaac Bellows, Thomas AxteU, Eleazer Bellows, Daniel Johnson, Adam Holloway, James Keyes, John Barrett, Jr., Joseph Newton, Sen., David Newton, John Newton, Edward Newton, Thomas Newton, James Sawyer, Abiel Bush, Daniel Elagg, Zechariah Newton, Joseph Johnson, Isaac Woods, John Newton, Sen., John Sherman, James Taylor, Samuel Johnson, John Wheeler, Samuel Bigelow, John Maynard, Sen., Thomas Bruce, John Woods, Jr., Samuel Wheelock, Isaac Howe, Samuel Morse, Moses Newton, Thomas Witherbee, Thomas Hapgood, Thomas Keyes, Ebenezer Taylor, Jonathan Johnson, John Newton, Jr., John Johnson, Samuel Morse, David Church, Isaac Amsden, and John Bigelow. Those who sustained Mr. Emerson were Abraham Williams, Richard Barnes, Sen., John Bowker, James Taylor, Sen., Thomas Rice, Eleazer Rice, Abraham Howe, Nathan Brigham, Richard Barnes, Jr., Peter Rice, Henry Barrett, Ben jamin Bice, Daniel Howe, Jacob Bice, Samuel Goodnow, Jr., Eleazer Ward, Jonathan Brigham, John Brigham, Jr., William Ward, Sen., Simon Maynard, Gershom Fay, Edward Rice, Jr., Thomas Brigham, Gershom Bigelow, Thomas Eorbush, 'David Brigham, Edmund Rice, Joseph Newton, Jr., John Mathis, Increase Ward, Thomas Beaman, Joseph Newton, Peter Bent, Samuel Ward, Sen., Nathaniel Oakes, Joseph Ward, Joseph Stratton, John Barrett, Jr., Edward Barnes, John Maynard, Jr., Samuel Brigham, Nathaniel Joslm, David Maynard, Samuel Forbush, Joseph Witherbee, James Rice, and John Johnson, Sen. These two lists must have comprised nearly all the men of the town at that time ; and they serve to show how many men there were, and who they were, at the commencement of the eighteenth century. This list also shows that the controversy was in a great degree sectional — those in favor of Mr. Emerson being mostly from the west, the others from the east part of the town. Though a few names appear on both sides, this is not uncommon in such con troversies. 103 proceedings. Their recommendation, after due consideration, was adopted by the church and inhabitants unanimously. It was dated the 26th day of the 3d month, 1704, and was as follows : " Whereas the inhabitants of the town of Mai-lborough did, upon the 25th of the 3d month, 1704, apply themselves in a public meet ing to us, the subscribers, for advice ; referring to such a regulation of future steps towards the settlement of tho Gospel Ministry in said town, as may tend to establish peace among them ': " We, according to our best judgment, after Ave had duly considered this subject, do advise : " 1st. That they themselves lay aside all thoughts of seeking after any minister to settle among them, unto Avhom they have given a call formerly, and could not settle without hazarding the breach of the town peace. " 2d. That the ratable inhabitants of said town, being legally warned, do pass into a joint nomination of three persons, out of Avhom (as in the subsequent advice will be contained) one shall be chosen for the minister, in the manner hereafter declared. " 3d. We judge it advisable for them in the present circumstances, that the said nominations proceed after this manner, that is to say ; that the whole of the ratable inhabitants vote each man for whom he shall find his heart incHned, and the man that hath the most votes shall be one of the three out of whom the subsequent election shall be made, and so the nomination of a second or third repeated till the number be completed. " 4th. We judge it at present, as the case stands with them, that the Church having the three persons nominated as above presented to them, do out of all them, choose one for their pastor, who being by the subsequent vote of the major part of the ratable inhabitants chosen as the law directs, shall be the minister of said town." Proceeding according to this recommendation, Mr. Robert Breck of Dorchester, son of Capt. John Breck of that town, received an invitation to take the pastoral charge of the Society, which he accepted. He was born December 7, 1682, gradu ated at Harvard College, 1700, and was ordained October 25, 1704, when only twenty-two years of age. His salary was to be "seventie pounds annually, and fire-wood for the year annually, and settlement one hundred pounds." Though the people had been gready divided, the religious 104 element being strong, and their spiritual advisers having recom mended peace, they at once conquered their prejudices, and received their newly elected minister with open arms; and though he was at that time young, and consequently inexperi enced, he succeeded in satisfying the wants of his people, and had a happy and successful ministry. The churches of Concord, Chelmsford, Dorchester, and Men don, were invited to induct him into his spiritual office. The record of his ordination is as follows : " The 25th day of y" 8"'- 1704, Mr. Robert Breck was or dained Pastor of y*= Church of Christ in Marlborough, no person objecting. Mr. Rawson (of Mendon) carried on the work of the day. Mr. Estabrook (of Concord) gave y° Charge. Mr. Clark (of Chelmsford) y" Right Hand of Fellowship. Mr. Danforth gave a word of Advice unto y" people." Being settled in the town, Mr. Breck married, September 8, 1707, Elizabeth Wainwright of Haverhill, by Avhom he had a family of children,* somewhat distinguished. But though their ecclesiastical difficulties were amicably set tled, and their religious condition was that of peace and pros perity, they were exposed to other difficulties and dangers. In what has been denominated " Q,ueen Anne's War," the French and Indians made repeated incursions into the Colony, killing and carrying away many of the inhabitants. And though Mari borough was not the scene of any battle, the savages in some instances stole into the township, and carried several persons into captivity. " It will be difficult for us," says Dr. Allen, in his History of Northborough, "who are permitted to dwell in security under the shelter of the domestic roof, to form an adequate idea of the perilous condition of otn forefathers at this gloomy period. ' We have indeed heard with our ears, and our fathers have told us ' the story of their dangers and sufferings in the dreary and howling wdderness. But how difficult to enter into the feelings of men Avho were in constant peril for their lives ; who, like the children of Israel in rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem, repaired to their work with weapons in their hands, and who were liable to be waked from their midnight slumbers by the savage yell of a pitiless foe ? In many instances were they compelled to * See his Genealogy. 105 desert their farms, leaving their lands untilled, while old and young, the strong and the feeble, flocked to the frail fortifica tions, denominated garrisons, as their only means of safety." In July, 1704, a body of six or seven hundred French and Indians moved towards Northampton, for the purpose of attack ing and destroying that town ; but finding the people prepared to give them a warm reception, they gave over their meditated attack, and marched stealthily towards the ill-fated toAvn of Lancaster. On the 31st of that month, Capt. Thomas Howe, of Marlborough, who was an active and influential man in civil and military affairs, gathered in haste whatever force he was able, and marched to the relief of the town, where, united Avith a small party under Capt. Tyng, they met the foe, and after a severe fight, (in which the English displayed great gallantry,) owing to the superior numbers of the enemy, the inhabitants and troops were compelled to take refuge in the garrison. The houses and property were thus left to the mercy of the Indians, who burnt the meeting-house, and a half dozen other buildings. In this engagement Capt. Howe had two men, Abraham Howe and Benjamin Hutchins, killed, and others wounded. In the month following, a small party of Indians entered the westerly part of Marlborough, and committed several depreda tions, — the principal of which is thus described by Dr. Allen. " August 8th, 1704, a party of Indians, eight or ten in num ber, rushed suddenly from the woods, and fell upon a number of the inhabitants of what is now Westborough, whde at work in the field ; killed Nahor, son of Mr. Edmund Rice, on the spot, seized and earned into captivity two other sons, Silas and Timothy ; also Ashur and Adonijah, two sons of Mr. Thomas Rice. Ashur was redeemed by his father, and returned in about four years. He afterwards settled in Spencer. Adonijah re mained in Canada, and cultivated a farm near Montreal. His Indian name was Asaundugooton. The other tAvo lived with the Indians, married Indian wives, acquired their habits, and lost all knowledge of the English language. The puritanical names of Silas and Timothy were exchanged for the heathenish, but not unmusical ones, of Tookanowras and Oughtsorongaugh- ton. The latter is said to have been the third of the six Chiefs of the Cagnawaga tribe, and the one who made the speech to Gen. Gage, in behalf of his tribe, soon after the reduction of 106 Montreal. This Chief, in the year 1740, thirty years after his captivity, visited his relations in Westborough, and retained, it is said, a distinct recollection of the circumstances of his cap ture, and several aged persons then living in Westborough." Nothing could be more trying to parents than to have their children thus lost to them forever, and doomed to a life worse than death itself How would Christian mothers at this day feel, to have their children torn from them in such an unexpect ed manner ; and hoAV would this grief be perpetuated by the reflection, that the children they had borne had transferred their aflections from them to the wild savages of the desert ! On the 5th of October, 1705, Mr. John Bigelow, of Marlbo rough, being then in Lancaster, at the garrison house of Thomas Sawyer, was, with Mr. Sawyer and his son Elias, taken by the Indians and carried to Canada. Sawyer was a blacksmith, and Bigelow was a carpenter — both ingenious mechanics. While they were at Montreal, they turned their mechanical skill to a good account. They proposed to the French Governor that, as there was no saw-mill in Canada, they would build one, if he would procure their ransom. The offer was accepted ; they fulfilled their engagement, and after some delay they were per mitted to return to their friends. Mr. BigeloAV, as expressive of his happiness in having been restored to the bosom of his family, called his first daughter, born to him after his return, " Comfort," and the second, born about two years later, " Free dom," to manifest his preference for his then present condition over the hardships and fears of a state of captivity. In 1707, on the 18th of August, a tragical event occurred in Marlborough, in that part of the township now included in Northborough. Among the garrison houses in town at that time, was one known as Samuel Goodnow's garrison, situated on the great road near the stream known as Stirrip Brook. This garrison was designed as the resort of the famdies of Nathaniel Oakes, Jonathan Forbush and Gershom Fay, as well as that of Mr. Goodnow. As Mary Goodnow, daughter of Sam uel Goodnow, and Mrs. Mary Fay, wife of Gershom Fay, were gathering herbs in an adjoining meadow, a party of twenty or more Indians were seen issuing from the woods, and malcing towards them, when they immediately ran for the fort which Mrs. Fay succeeded in reaching, and closing the gate before 107 she was overtaken by her pursuers. Fortunately there hap pened to be one man in the garrison, the rest being at work in the field. The savages attempted to break through the inclo- sure, but were repelled by the heroic defenders within. Mrs. Fay loading the muskets belonging to the place, and handing them to her companion, he was able to keep up a constant fire upon the enemy, tdl a party of their friends, hearing the report of the muskets, came to their relief, when the enemy fled. Thus was the life of this woman, and her two young chddren, saved by her own heroism. She was the second daughter of John Brigham, the son of Thomas Brigham, Sen., the ancestor of all the Brighams who settled in this town. The other unfortunate woman. Miss Goodnow, being lame, was unable to escape from her mercdess pursuers, who seized her and dragged her across the brook to a wood on the hdl-side, where she was killed and scalped ; and where her mangled remains were afterwards found and buried. On the same day, the Indians surprised and took two men who were laboring in the field, Jonathan Wilder, a native of Lancaster, and a Mr. Howe of Marlborough, who fortunately made his escape. Mr. Wilder was carried to Lancaster and killed by the Indians, as was their custom, when attacked by the English. On the day after the ^bove tragic scene, Capt. Thomas Howe, of Marlborough, with about twenty men, marched in pursuit of the Indians, and being joined by about the same number from Lancaster, they overtook the enemy in what is now Sterling, where a severe conflict ensued. The affair is thus described in the Boston News-Letter, of the 25th of August, 1707. " On Monday, the 16th current, thirteen Indians on the fron tier surprised two men at their labors in the meadows at Marl borough, about four miles distant from the body of the town, and took them both alive ; and as they passed out of the town, they took a woman also in their marching off, whom they kdled. Howe, one of the prisoners, broke away in a scuffle, and brought home the Indian's gun and hatchet, and acquaint ed the garrison and the inhabitants, who speedily followed, and were joined by twenty men from Lancaster, being in all forty, came up with the enemy, who were also increased to thirty-six, and on Tuesday, at ten o'clock, found them, and in two hours 108 exchanged ten shots a man, in which skirmish we lost two men, and two slightly wounded ; no doubt we killed several of the enemy, whose track bemg dragged away Ave saw, but recovered but one of them, though it is probably conjectured that we killed ten or twelve at least. We took twenty-four of their packs and drove them off the ground, and they are yet pursued by two parties from Lancaster and Groton. At our forces overtaking and attacking them, they barbarously mur dered the captives." In the packs taken from the Indians, as mentioned above, Avas found the scalp of Miss Goodnow, which was the first intelligence they had of her melancholy fate. In the encounter mentioned above, John Farren and Richard Singletary were slain. The Records of Marlborough give the death of " Jona than Johnson, slain by the Indians, October 12, 1708 ; " but no further particulars are stated. In August, 1709, Elisha Ward, son of William Ward of Marlborough, was killed or taken captive by the Indians at Worcester, while riding post from Marlborough to Hadley. Although this war did not at any time seem to peril the ex istence of the town, like the Narraganset, or Philip's war, yet from the commencement of the century to the peace of 1713, the inhabitants of Marlborough were kept in a constant state of anxiety and alarm. The stealthy incursions of the guileful foe, the secret ambush, the midnight assault, the murder of the laborer in the field, or the mother and her infant in the cabin — the dread of the scalping knife, and the fear of a hopeless captivity — these are evils more to be dreaded than open war — more " terrible than an army with banners." To evils such as these, the inhabitants of Marlborough were canstantly exposed during this lingering war. The General Court, knowing the exposed condition of the frontier towns, had made some provision for their defense. With this encouragement, guided by their own sense of danger, the people of Marlborough had erected, for the safety of their famdies, a considerable number of forts in different parts of the township, to Avhich the people could resort in time of danger. But in order to ensure the greatest security, to prevent confu sion, and to secure to each post a suitable defense in case of attack, it was deemed necessary to assign to each family their 109 respective fort. To this end, a committee, consisting of Thomas HoAve, Samuel Brigham, Isaac Amsden, Eleazer Howe, Daniel Howe, John BoAvker, Jonathan Johnson, Na thaniel Joslin, Peter Rice, John Maynard, and John Barrett, was appointed to assign to the twenty-six garrisons the appro priate famdies. This committee, composed of some of the leading men of the toAvn, recommended that the families be assigned to the respective forts, as follows : — I. Capt. Howe's Garrison. Samuel Stevens, James Howe, Jonathan Howe, Samuel Stow, Jonathan Morae. 2. Mr. Breck's Garrison. 3. Capt. Kerly's Garrison. Nathaniel Joslin, Joseph Maynard, Dea. Woods, Nathaniel Johnson, Thomas Amsden, Simon Gates, Joseph Johnson. 4. Capt. Brigham's Garrison. Peter Plimpton, Benjamin Mixer. 5. Isaac Amsden's Garrison. Thomas Newton, Sergeant Maynard, James Woods, Adam Martin, Is. Temple, Deacon Newton, John Amsden. 6. Is. Howe's Garrison. Moses Newton, David Fay, John Newton, Widow Johnson, Moses Newton, Jr., James Cady. 15 7. Lieut. JVUliams's Garrison. Thomas Beaman, Peter Bent, Richard Barnes, Edward Barnes. 8. Ensign Howe's Garrison. Ensign Bowker, Joseph Wait, David Church, Benjamin Rice, Peter Rice, Joseph Rice. 9. Samuel Morrill's Garrison. Sergeant Barrett, John Barnes, Benjamin Bagley, Joseph Ward, Joshua Rice, Thomas Martin, Samuel Bush. 10. Thomas Brigham's Garrison, Jonathan Brigham, Oliver Ward, Increase Ward. II. John Howe's Garrison. Zach. Eager, Abraham Eager, Daniel Johnson, Samuel Wheelock, Obadiah Ward, Thomas Axtell. 12. Samtiel Goodnow's Garrison. Nathaniel Oakes, Jonathan Forbush, Gershom Fay. no 13. Lieut. Hoive's Gairison. Thomas Ward, Edward Rice. 14. JSTathan Brigham's Garrison. Joseph Stratton, Henry Bartlett, Alexander Stewart. 15. Samuel Ward, Sr.'s, Garrison. William Ward, Wid. Hannah Ward, Jonathan Johnson, Sen., Caleb Rice. 16. John Mattliews' Garrison. William Johnson, Samuel Ward. 17. Daniel Rice's Ganison. Wid. Sarah Taylor, Supply Weeks, Eleazer Taylor. 18. Samuel Forbush's Garrison. James Bradish, Thomas Forbush, James Gleason, 19. Edmund Rice's Garrison. David Brigham, Isaac Tomblin, David Maynard. 20. Thomas Rice's Garrison. John Pratt, Charles Rice. 21. Thomas Hapgood' s Garrison. John Forbush, John Wheeler, Josiah Howe, B — Carly, Sen., James Carly. 22. Mill Garrison. Thomas Barrett, John Banister. 23. Simon Maynard's Ganison. Adam Holloway, Benjamin Whitney, Joseph Newton, John Keyes, Abiel Bush. 24. John JSTcwton, Jr.'s, Garrison. Eleazer Bellows, James Eager, James Newton, Benjamin Newton, Ephraim Newton, John Woods, Abraham Newton. 25. Jonathan JVewton's Garrison. Is. Woods, Thomas Witherbee, Is. Amsden, Moses Lenard, Roger Bruce. 26. Joseph Morse's Garrison. Thomas Bigelow, Samuel Bigelow, Samuel Morse, John Bigelow, John Sherman, Daniel Harrington. It would be interesting, if we could give to each of these garrisons a " local habitation," and point out the precise spot where every family resided at that day ; but this pleasure is in a great degree denied us. We are able, however, to give the general location of a portion of them ; and knowing them, we Ill learn the neighborhoods in which the different famdies re sided. Garrison No. ], was at the old Frank Howe place, where the late Edward Rice resided. No. 2, was at Mr. Breck's residence, near the old Packard place. Nos. 3, 4, and 5, were south-easterly of the East Village, on the road to Southborough. No. 6, was on the Southborough road, near the Newton Railroad station. No. 7, was near the old Williams Tavern, hy the Pond. No. 8, was near the present residence of Mr. Tileston Brigham. No. 9, was near Fort Meadow. No. 10, was near the Warren Brigham place. No. 11, was below the Warren school-house, on the Concord road. No. 12, was near Stirrip Brook, south of the great road to Northborough. No. 13, was north of the Pond, not far from the present residences of Moses and Martin Howe. No. 14, perhaps south-easterly of the present residence of Joel Gleason. No. 15, was south of the Meeting-House. No. 16, was in what is now Southborough. No. 17, was some two miles easterly of the Meeting-House. No. 18, was about a mile northerly of the Old Common. Nos. 19 and 20, were in Chauncy, now Westhorough. No. 21, was in the Indian Plantation, in the north-easterly part of the town, near the Wesson place. No. 22, was probably near Feltonville. No. 23, was on the Indian Plantation, near the Ephraim Maynard place. Nos. 24 and 25, were in what is now Southborough. No. 26, was upon the " Farm," so called. Such, as near as we can learn from tradition, was the general location of the garrisons in 1711. As they Avere mere pickets inclosing the houses, their remains would soon perish after the close of the Avar ; and hence no mark of their location would long remain. But after this assignment of the forts, there Avas but little use for them, as the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, brought the war to a close.. During the whole of this war, Capt. Thomas Howe acted a conspicuous part. He not only commanded the garrisons and scouts through the town, but led the troops to every place of danger Avhich presented itself. Samuel Brigham acted as his Lieutenant, and received from the Government a bounty for destroying an Indian. Samuel Stevens was wounded in the same service. 112 After the close of dueen Anne's war, things moved on smoothly and quietly in Marlborough. In 1711, the town pro ceeded to finish their meeting-house, which, up to that time, had been but partially done on the inside. Having "set their house in order," they took measures to perform a duty common at that day, and one which proved a source of no small trouble in some towns, viz., "to seat the meeting-house." The good people of Marlborough do not appear to have been as formal, or fastidious, as they were in most of the towns. In many cases the vote was " to dignify and seat the meeting-house;" and frequently the instructions were to " have regard to the rate, age and honor" of the inhabitants. But to shoAV that "dignity" was not entirely overlooked by them, the people of Marlborough provided, by solemn vote, that the front seats in the gallery should be next in "dignity" to the second seats beloAV, and that the fore seats in the end gallery should be next in " dignity " to the third seats beloAV. They also empowered their committee, clothed with this important trust, "to grant any places for pcAvs around the meeting-house to such persons of ' quality ' as they shall see cause ; they that have them, to build them at their own cost." They also provided that this seating process should take place every five years. They further manifested the disposition to accommodate those who resided at a distance from the church, by providing that " the oudivers shall have the liberty of the school-house Sabbath days, leaving the fires safe." We may smile at the simplicity of our fathers, or regard the seating of the meeting-house as the effect of chddish van ity, or mere pride ; but does it become us to bring that accu sation against them ? How are the seats in our meeting houses selected at the present day ? The man of the longest purse, or the vainest heart, is pretty sure to purchase a pew Upon the broad aisle, in the most conspicuous part of the house; so that the main difference in the two cases is little more than this: — Then the grade of distinction and honor was decided by a committee, and ratified by the town, which was sup posed to be impartial ; now it is left to the individuals them selves. And may there not be as much vanity displayed by us as by them ? Pride, which should never be exhibited in a place where man holds communion with his Maker, and where 113 humility is a cardinal virtue, is not, Ave fear, entirely excluded from the house of God at the present age of boasted light and knowledge. The highest seat in the synagogue is coveted now, no less than formerly. The territory of Marlborough, in the early part of the cen tury, was becoming uuAvieldy in size. In 1700, a considerable tract of land on the north of the Indian plantation, bounded on the toAvn of Stow and Dr. Alcocke's* farm, was annexed to Marlborough. The Ockoocangansett, or Indian plantation, was in possession of the Marlborough people ; and though it was not at that time annexed, was practically a part of the town ; so that the Avhole area must have been at least 37,000 acres. Such a territory might with propriety be divided. Its very extent proved, as it always does in such cases, a source of alienation. The location of the meeting-house was far east of the centre of the territory, so that the people in the western part of the township were put to great inconvenience in attend ing public Avorship. Several families had settled, at an early day, west of the Assabet, and near Chauncy Pond, and had done so with an assurance given as early as 1688, that they should be erected into a parish as soon as they were able to support a minister ; and the people of Marlborough, in the spirit of liberality, had designated the line for division " at the cart- way at Stirrip Brook, where the Connecticut Avay now goeth, and to run a parallel line with the west line of the bounds of the toAvn ; " the division, therefore, became only a question of time. But in 1702, not satisfied with the territory that such a division would give, Thomas Brigham, Henry Kerly, Richard Barnes, Samuel Goodnow and nineteen others, preferred a peti tion to the General Court, praying that Chauncy (as the west erly part of the tOAvn was called) may have an enlargement — " that from the westerly bounds of Marlborough, said settle ment may be extended to Consigamack Pond,t and to a parallel line whde it runs to Hassenessett,J the Indian Plantation, and ? This farm of Dr. Alcocke must not be confounded with the "Farm" of which we have already spoken, situated in the south-east part of the town. The Doctor had land iu Stow, and elsewhere. The Stow farm is the one men tioned above. t Quinsigamond, or Long Pond, between Worcester and Shrewsbury. J Now Grafton. 114 so run the full breadth of five miles, tdl it comes to Hassenes- sett, and so butting on that plantation. Also a mile in breadth on the southerly side, from the Indian Reservation to the Indian bounds." The Court referred this petition to their next session, " that the farmers might be heard." It does not appear that this petition was granted at that time. But subsequently, about 1716, John Brigham, and thirty others of Marlborough, petitioned for a tract of land, the principal part of which is now included in the towns of Shrewsbury and Boylston. At the same time, a petition was pending from cer tain inhabitants of Marlborough, to have the Avesterly part of the town, and certain lands lying west of Marlborough, erected into a town. This latter prayer Avas granted, and about 13,182 acres were set off from Marlborough, and about 3,000 acres more were added, including what was then known as the " Rice farm " and " Pay farm," lying west of the Marlborough grant. Though this was taking nearly one moiety of their original territory, the inhabitants of Marlborough interposed no serious objection ; so that this might with truth be denominated a " peaceable secession." The territory thus set off by the Act of the General Court, passed November 19, 1717, was, from its geographical position, called Westborough. With a territory of 16,182 acres, and population deemed sufficient to maintain municipal institutions, Westborough immediately set about organizing herself as a town. In 1718, she provided herself with that indispensable prerequisite of a prosperous community — a meeting-house. This building Avas situated near the northern limits of the present town of Westborough, not far from the wefl-known site of the " Wesson Tavern," on the old turnpike from Wor cester to Boston. In 1724, a church Avas gathered, and Rev. Ebenezer Parkman, their first minister, was ordained. We have no means of ascertaining the exact number of persons fhus set off from Marlborough. A friend has kindly favored us with the folloAving memorandmn, taken from a man uscript record of Rev. Mr. Parkman. " The first inhabitants of Westborough Avere Thomas Rice, Charles Rice, John Fay, Samuel Fay, Thomas Forbush, David Maynard, Edmund Rice, David Brigham, Capt. Joseph Byles, 115 James Bradish, John Pratt, John Pratt, Jr., Thomas NeAvton, Josiah Newton, Hezekiah Howe, Daniel Warren, Increase Ward, Benjamin Townsend, Nathaniel Oakes, Samuel Good now, Gershom Fay, Simeon Howard, Adam Holloway, Thomas Ward, and Joseph Wheeler. " Young Men. — John Maynard, James Maynard, Aaron For bush, Jacob Amsden, Ebenezer Beaman, and Jotham Brig ham." These names indicate a Marlborough origin. And in fact, some of the Rices, the Brighams, the Fays, the Wards, Good- nows, and Forbushes, had located themselves within this terri tory forty or fifty years before, and had reared large families of children. The first named tAventy-five were probably heads of families ; whde the young men Avere not. This Avould give a popula tion of some one hundred and sixty souls, and the excite ment incident to the creation of a new tOAvn, would naturally bring other persons to the place ; so that, in a few years, they Avere able to erect a meeting-house, gather a church, and settle a minister. The growth of the new town, and the fact that a portion of the inhabitants resided at a considerable distance northerly from their meeting-honse, suggested the idea of a separation. After a controversy somewhat protracted, and accompanied with that ill-feeling usually attendant upon the division of a town, on the 20th of October, 1744, Westborough was divided into two pre cincts, the northern portion taking the name of Northborough. Westborough, at the time of the division of her territory, con tained one hundred and twenty-five families ; thirty-eight of which were includei^ in the northern precinct. But small as Avas the population thus taken from the parent town, in 1745 they erected a meeting-house, and in 1746 they organized a church, and settled Rev. John Martin as their minister. In 1766, this precinct was incorporated into a District ; and from that beginning has groAvn up the flourishing town of North borough, whose growth was undoubtedly facilitated by the water-poAver within her borders.* * For a further account of Northborough, see Dr. Allen's Sketch, added to this history. 116 But the loss which Marlborough experienced by the setting off of the Avestern portion of her territory, was in a degree compensated for by the annexation of other tracts of land. In 1718, the " Farm," formerly the land granted to John Alcocke, consisting of several hundred acres, Avas annexed to Mad- borough, and the year following, the Indian plantation, con taining nearly six thousand acres, was added to the town. These two acquisitions amounted to more than half of the number of acres cut off to form the toAvn of Westborough. But the old town of Marlborough was destined to a further dismemberment. The people of " Stony Brook," as the south part of Marlborough was familiarly called, applied to the town to be set off as a distinct municipality. After some delay, the town agreed upon a line, and joined in a petition " with the Stony Brook men for a confirmation of said township." The territory thus set off was incorporated in 1727, by the name of Southborough — a name suggested by its geographical position with reference to Marlborough. The records furnish no accurate information as to the num ber of persons thus set off ; but it must have been a serious loss to the old township to have a valuable portion of her territory taken from her, and especially as the dividing line approached within about a mile and a half of the principal village, cutting off the Newtons, the Fays, and several of the prominent fam ilies. But this dismemberment, like the former, created but little animosity, and was in fact a " peaceable secession," the old town not choosing to employ " coercion " to bind them to her bosom. Thus has the original township been carved into four distinct and noAV flourishing towns ; so that old Marlborough may jusdy claim to be not only the mother of emigrants, but the mother of townships. Though Westborough, Southborough, and Northborough, were formerly included in Marlborough, and their early history is a portion of that of the parent town, we shall not pursue their respective histories after their separation ; for, like the child who has left the old homestead, and set up for himself, they have a history of their own, worthy of being laid before the public. Marlborough still regards them with maternal affection ; but is fully conscious, from their successful experiment, that they are amply able to provide for themselves. 117 She rejoices in their prosperity ; she glories in the distinguished men they have produced ; and if she Avere called upon to pre sent her richest treasure, she would, like the Roman matron, point to her offspring and say, " These are my jeAvels." The people of Marlborough had been prosperous and happy under the ministry of Mr. Breck ; and being ardendy attached to him, they had anticipated his wants and ministered to his comfort. When, by the depreciation of the currency, his salary became insufficient for his support, they readily raised it from sixty to one hundred pounds. But earthly happiness is of short duration. On the 6th of January, 1731, they were called to experience a severe affliction in the death of their beloved pastor. Mr. Breck had for a considerable time been unable to supply the pulpit, and the town had generously paid for the supply. And when he was taken away, they manifested their regard for his memory, by appropriating fifty pounds to defray the expenses of his burial. Before Mr. Breck's settlement in Marlborough, he preached for a time on Long Island, in the Province of New York, during the government of Lord Cranbury, Avhere he had the courage, though young at that time, to assert and adhere to the cause and principles of the Non-Conformists, notwithstanding the threatenings and ill treatment he there met with. " He was a man of strong natural powers, clear-headed, and of sound judgment, and by his unwearied diligence and study, he obtained great skill in the learned Languages, (omcommon in the Hebrew ; using to read out of the Hebrew Bible to his family,) as also in Philosophy, the Mathematics, and History, as well as in Divinity, in which he was sound and orthodox, a good Casuist, a strong Disputant, a methodical and close Preacher." The highest testimonials of his worth appeared in the peri odicals of the day, and his brethren in the ministry paid a just tribute to his memory. Three funeral sermons, preached at Marlborough on the occasion of his death — one by Rev. Mr. Swift of Framingham, another by Rev. Mr. Prentice of Lan caster, and the third by Rev. Mr. Loring of Sudbury — were published and are now extant. The following description, by a cotemporary, gives a view of the man. " His temper was ^ 16 118 grave and thoughtful, and yet cheerful at times, especially with his friends and acquaintances, and his conversation entertaining and agreeable. In conduct he was prudent and careful of his character, both as a minister and a Christian : rather sparing of speech, and more inclined to hear and learn from others. His house was open to strangers, and his heart to his friends ; and he took great delight in entertaining such as he might in any way improve by, and treated them with good manners. The languishment and pain he went through before his death, were very great ; but God enabled him to bear the affliction Avith patience and submission." Mr. Breck was a faithful and devoted minister, and was highly respected and esteemed ; and his abilities were Avell known and acknowledged. He preached the Election Sermon in 1728, which was published. His text was the well known passage : " Fear God, and keep his commandments ; for this is the whole duty of man." In the discourse he labored to show that fear, or trust in God, was not only " the beginning of wisdom," but the source of safety and happiness, for indi viduals and for communities ; and after reminding our rulers that the obligation to comply with the requisition of the text, was increased by their exalted stations, on the true democratic principle he appeals to the fountain of power, the people, in the following manner : " I shall conclude when I have briefly addressed myself to the peo ple of this land, that they would lay these things to heart, and strenu ously apply themselves to seek their own aud posterity's welfare and happiness, in the way and method in our text prescribed. Without you, all that our rulers in civil and sacred orders can do, will not avail. Though our Legislature enact never so many good laws for the regu lation of the morals of the people, unless you do your part, and im prove the power and liberty you are invested with, in your several towns, to make choice of such for your Grand Jurors, Tythingmen, &c., as are men fearing God, men of truth and iidelity, men of wis dom equal to the trust committed to them, and have the interest of religion at heart — who will carefully inspect the manners of the peo ple, and bring the transgressors to open shame and punishment : I say, unless you are careful and conscientious in this, all our laws for the reforming of the manners and morals of a corrupt people are insufficient, and our law-makers labor in vain. 119 " Oh, that there Avere such an heart in this people to fear God and keep his commandments ; and to exert themselves in their several capacities so to promote the peace and prosperity of our Church and State ; to put up cries to our fathers' God, that he Avould pour out his spirit of repentance and reformation on their degenerate offspring. Then the Lord our God will be Avith us, as he Avas Avith our fathers, and never leave us nor forsake us." In 1720 he delivered the first sermon ever preached in ShreAvsbury. During his ministry " The Marlborough Association " was formed, consisting of six or eight of the neighboring clergymen. Of this Association Mr. Breck was a leading member, and his house was the usual place of their meetings. The best proof of his fidelity is found in his works. In the course of his ministry of twenty-seven years, there were two hundred and eighty-six persons admitted to his church, and one thousand and seventy-seven received the rite of baptism. And what furnished better evidence of his wisdom and prudence than any thing else, is the fact, that in 1727 and 1728, when many churches were rent in twain by what was denominated Newlightism, he continued to keep every thing quiet in his parish. He knew enough of human nature, and of the order of Providence, to be sensible that there would be times in which the human mind would be specially called and awakened to subjects of a religious nature ; and instead of opposing this gen eral spirit of inquiry, or of calling in others to increase the flame, he wisely took the whole matter into his own hands, and guided the inquirers in his own town ; and, without any con vulsion, during these two years, added one hundred and two to his church. If ministers would learn not to oppose any spirit of aAvakening, when the minds of their people are alive to the subject of religion, but would guide and lead it in its true chan nel ; if, instead of calling in foreign aid to awaken an interest in religion by a4ificial means, they would preach with earnest ness the simple 'doctrines of the meek and lowly Jesus, they would do more towards placing their churches on the firm basis of the Rock of Ages. The influence of Mr. Breck over his people was highly salu tary. When he came to the place, he found them in a state of 120 distraction ; but under his ministry these animosities were for gotten, and his flock seemed desirous of dwelling together in unity. Thus, Avith the characteristics of a good citizen and a good minister, he administered to their temporal and spiritual welfare ; and, by precept and example, impressed upon them a truth too often overlooked or forgotten, that he who loves God must love his brother also. He was sincerely beloved by his people, Avho, during his last sickness set apart a day for fasting and prayer for his recovery ; several of the neighboring minis ters being present and assisting in that solemn service. But their prayers did not prevail. He died January 6, 1731, in the tAventy-eighth year of his ministry, in the midst of his days and usefulness, being forty-nine years of age. A handsome Monument was erected to his memory, near that of his predecessor, containing a somewhat lengthy inscription in Latin, which has been thus translated into English. As it appears to contain a just representation of his character, we give it entire. " Beneath this stone are deposited the mortal remains of the truly Eeverend Eokeet Beeck. His immortal part hath ascended to heaven, to join the innumerable company of angels, and the spirits of the just made perfect. " He was by nature a man of acute intellect, capacious mind and sound judgment, together vsdth singular mental resolution. As to his attainments, he was eminently skilled in the- learned languages, famil iar beyond the common measure Avith poliT* literature ; and what to others was difficult, he by the power of his mind and close application to study, accomplished with ease. Thoroughly versed in every depart ment of theology, and truly orthodox in sentiment, he was a Scribe in every respect instructed unto the Kingdom of Heaven. " The duties of the pastoral office in the church at Marlborough, over which the Holy Ghost made him overseer, he discharged faith fully and assiduously, in peace and with great reputation for twenty- seven years. " He was a skillful and able asserter of the doctrines of Revelation, and of the worship and discipline of the New England churches. He was a counsellor in cases of difficulty, both public and private, of dis tinguished uprightness and consummate prudence. He was a sincere lover of his friends, his country, and the whole church of Christ. 121 " In a word, he was a model of piety, and every social virtue, and of moderation in regard to earthly things. " In the severe pains of his last sickness, his patience had its per fect work ; and his departure, if not in triumph, was full of hope and peace. " Bom December 7, 1682— Died January 6, 1731. " Even the prophets do not live forever." CHAPTER V. ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS, &c. Several Gentlemen invited to become their Minister, and declined— Mr. Kent settled — Charged with Heresy — Leaves the Place — His subsequent His tory and Character — Difficulty in agreeing upon a Successor — Two Fasts appomted — A Young Men's Association — Bev. Mr. Smith settled — Peti tion to set off the Indian Plantation as a Town — The East part desire to be made a Town — Marlborough remonstrates, and the Petitioners defeated — Great Drought — Ecclesiastical Matters an important part of Town His tories. After the death of Rev. Mr. Breck, the people seemed destined to trouble and disappointment in their ecclesiastical affairs. The choice of a successor kept the town in a state of excitement for two years. They found it difficult to agree upon a candidate, and more difficult to find one who would accept their call. Mr. Stephen Sewall, Mr. John Blunt, Mr. Widiam Hobby, Mr. Phdemon Robbins, and Mr. Samuel Rogers, were successively invited to become their pastor, and declined. At length, on the 21st of August, 1733, ]^r. Ben jamin Kent was, by a vote of the church and town acting together, invited to settle with them on a salary of one hun dred and eighty pounds per annum, in bills of public credit, to rise or fall, according to their value in silver, which was then twenty shillings per ounce. They also voted him a settlement of four hundred pounds, two hundred to be paid within six months from the day of his ordination, and the other two hun dred within one year from the time of the first payment. Mr. Kent accepted the invitation, and was ordained October 23, 1733. He was a graduate of Hai-vard College in 1737. Soon after his settlement, strong doubts arose respecting his orthodoxy. Benjamin Woods, one of the leading members of the society, charged him with being " a professed Arminian," and said that his want of orthodoxy had made " a great noise 123 almost over all the Province." This opposition increased, and on the 4th of February, 1735, a Conned was convened, which found him unsound in the faith. They set forth that he held " dangerous opinions with respect to the great and important Scripture doctrine of the Trinity ; " that he " denied an abso lute Election, and asserted a conditional one on the foresight of good works ; that infants came into the world free and clear of original guilt." It also appeared that " he had said in his preaching that the fundamentals of religion were plain and easy ; were not, never were, and never could be disputed ; because they were of a moral nature ; " which declarations the Council pronounce to be " false, and to have a dangerous ten dency to lessen our regard for revealed religion." They also find that he had said " that there were several answers in the Assembly's Catechism which had not a Avord of Scripture to support them." They further charge him with using " profane and filthy expressions." The Council therefore adjudge that Rev. Benjamin Kent be suspended from preaching the word, or administering the holy sacraments, until the 27th of May next ensuing. Whatever may be thought of these charges of heresy at the present day, they were at that period deemed all-important. To deny the doctrines of the Trinity and unconditional Elec tion, was regarded by our forefathers as a " damnable heresy," and to dissent from the Assembly's Catechism was an offence scarcely less than that of rejecting the Bible itself. Professors at that day did not seem to realize that charity was greater than faith or hope ; nor had they fallen into the modern error, that one system of faith was just as good as another; and that moirality was all that the gospel required. Whde, therefore, we dissent from the rigid notions of our ancestors, it becomes us to guard against the other extreme, into which many at this day are prone to run. Mr. Kent probably closed his ministry with this decision of the Council, and left the church in a divided state. He brought an action against the town for the £400 voted him as a settle ment ; and the case, after a protracted litigation, was decided in his favor. He afterwards removed to Boston, where he com menced the practice of law, and became celebrated for his eccentricity and wit. He was a man of active mind, ardent 124 and impulsive, and somewhat reckless, especially in his declara tions. He was far from being ministerial, either in word or deportment ; though Dr. Franklin, who knew him well, bore testimony to his benevolence and honesty, and said of him : "If he had any hypocrisy, it was of that inverted kind, with Avhich a man is not so bad as he seems to be." John Adams said of him : " Kent is for fun, drollery, hUmor, flaunts, jeers, contempt. He has an irregular, immethodical head, but his thoughts are often good, and his expressions happy." At the breaking out of the controversy with Great Britain, Mr. Kent was an ardent Avhig, and a fellow-laborer with Otis, Hancock, Samuel and John Adams, Q,uincy, Cushing, Warren, and other patriots. In 1776, he Avrote a letter to John Adams, then a member of the Continental Congress, which is so char acteristic of the man, and so expressive of his feelings, that I Avill give the following extract, which contains all but a per sonal apology for Avriting : " Boston, Mth of April, 1776. " Bkother Adams : " What in the name of common sense are you gentlemen of the Continental Congress about ? A few words and spiteful is my maxim, that is, what is so called. St. Paul, though sometimes a little inclined to toryism, Avas a very sensible gentleman, and he expressly damns the fearful as well as the unbelieving. And though I know all your counsels are overruled by the Wonderful Counsellor, and our chicane, (I allude to the last pitiful Address to the King,) nay, our downright blunders, are and have most happily been overruled for the good of our most righteous cause, and I have no doubt the same happy Gov ernment will continue ; but that same overruling Providence orders that I should Avrite this, I Avont say (though you may) insignificant letter. It appears to me, from a hundred things which I have no need to mention to you, that it is as certain that the Colonies will be wholly divorced from that accursed kingdom, called Great Britain, as that there will be any eclipses of the sun or moon this year. " Pray tell the fearful of your members, if you have any such, and prove to them, that a separation, first or last, must be the necessary consequence of a hundred facts that have turned up already ; then you will have nothing to do but to convince them that the present time to make a final Declaration of Independence, is the best. But as I know you must come to it, I think the same of you as I shotdd of a sinner 125 who I knew would repent of his sins before he dies. So that I am perfectly resigned to Avhatevcr your great little gods shall do. Foras much as the Lord reigns, I will rejoice. One thing I would rely upon, that is, that Congress Avill tolerate all religions, both natural and re vealed, and establish none ; and I have infallible proof that it is your duty, viz., that the Lord of lords and God of gods doth the same thing. Farewell." Thus did the ardent and active mind of Mr. Kent lead him to foresee the final separation of these Colonies from the parent country, even before most of the leading men were prepared to make such a declaration. But the most inexplicable portion of his history is, that he left the State subsequently, with the loyalists, and went to Halifax, where he died, 1788, at an advanced age. It is difficult to reconcile the fact of his going off with the tories, with his previous professions and conduct. The most rational explanation is this. One of his daughters had married Samson Slater Blowers, who joined the loyalists, and retired to Halifax. Mr. Kent had become advanced in life, and probably went to Halifax to enjoy the society of his daughter, rather than to aid or comfort the enemy, whom he formerly professed to despise. But the conduct of men of his character and tempera ment cannot always be explained on any rational principles. Impulsive and erratic, he was liable to do at one time what he would condemn at another ; and as such men rarely succeed in life, they are apt to become morose, and sometimes desperate. The history of the world shows that political sins are the most difficult, not only to deal with, but to explain. After Mr. Kent left Marlborough, a succession of troubles ensued. In order to harmonize the views and feelings of the people, the town voted, June 26, 1735, to set apart a day for fasting and prayer to guide them in the choice of a minister ; and Rev. Mr. Prentice of Lancaster, Rev. Mr. Cotton of New ton, Rev. Mr. Cook of Sudbury, and Rev. Mr. Parkman of Westborough, were chosen "to carry on the Fast aforesaid." After this day of humiliation aud prayer, several attempts were made to agree upon a minister ; but no one could be found who Avould suit both the church and the town. Failing in aM their efforts at agreement, the town was called together to devise 17 126 some measure to heal their unhappy differences. At this meedng, held May 18, 1737, the following vote was passed : " Voted, That Thursday, the ninth day of June next, be kept as a day of fasting and prayer by the town, to humble themselves before God, under the present frowns of Divine Providence in the disappointments Ave have met with, in our endeavor for the settlement of a gospel minister among us; and to seek direction of Heaven in that great and weighty affair ; and voted that Rev. Mr. Williams of Weston, Rev. Mr. Webb and Rev. Mr. Cooper of Boston, and Rev. Mr. Cook of Sudbury, be desired to come and assist in carrying on the solemnities of said day. and to give their advice in our present difficulties, respecting the settlement of a gospel minister among us." After the observance of this day, an invitation was extended to Mr. Daniel Bliss, and two invitations to Mr. Samuel Cook, — all of which were declined. Warned by the past, the people resolved iiot to settle a man of doubtful orthodoxy ; and for that purpose they qualified their respective calls by a proviso, " that he be sound in the faith upon examination, and shall give us a confession of his faith before ordination, and continue to be our minister as long as he prove steady in the belief of the doctrines contained in his confession, and of good conversa tion." Several unsuccessful efforts were made to come into some arrangement in the choice of a minister. The church and town acting separately, like the two branches of a legisla ture, the wishes of the one were frequently negatived by the vote of the other. In this way they were kept in a state of hostdity to each other. In fact, in all such cases the church was pretty sure to defeat the wishes of the town. The church exercising the prerogative of moving first, could bring before the toAvn such a candidate as they pleased : and after voting, as a church, in the selection of a candidate, they being voters in the town, could vote Avith their fedow-townsmen in ratifying their own doings. But the town being the more numerous, could defeat the candidate brought forward by the church, though they could not coerce the church in the nomination of a candidate. This ecclesiastical usage, to which our fathers so strictly adhered, was in some cases a source of great contention in many of the towns. 127 But while the older portion of the people were at variance about selecting a minister, and consequently were destitute of a settled pastor, it is gratifying to know that the young men of the place, feeling the need of more religious instruction, edifica tion, and spiritual guidance than they then enjoyed, associated together, and entered into a covenant, the leading objects of Avhich are thus set forth in the covenant itself " That Ave wdl, Avith God's leave, meet together every Lord's day in the evening, and on the evenings of Thanksgiving and Fast, to carry on among ourselves religious worship, to pray to God, to sing his praises, to read his word or some practical discourse, and to conclude with prayer ; and while we continue together, our conversation shall be savory, and suitable to the end proposed by us in our meeting together. That when Ave break up our religious exercises, Ave will directly return to our several homes, and nothing but what is extraordinary shall divert us therefrom." About thirty young men entered into this association, and no doubt were improved thereby. At any rate, their example might teach their fathers at that day a practical lesson of union, and furnish a model for many young men at this day, Avho spend their evenings in a manner less rational or improving. After being for about four years, not only like sheep Avithout a shepherd, but like other animals which worry and annoy one another, a better feeling seemed to prevail. " At a meeting of the town of Marlborough, regularly assem bled, December 24, 1739, It was put to vote whether the toAvn were ready to come to a choice of a minister to settle among them ; and it passed in the affirmative. Then the chiu'ch Avithdrew, and made choice of Mr. Aaron Smith for their min ister, and brought said choice before the town for their con currence. " It was put to vote, whether the town would concur in the choice of Mr. Aaron Smith for their minister as above, and it passed in the affirmative." At the same meeting they agreed to offer Mr. Smith a salary of eighty pounds a year, in bills of credit of the new tenor, or two hundred and forty of the old ; " provided he prove sound in the faith upon examination, and give in a confession of his faith, agreeably to the Confession of Faith of the Con- 128 gregational Churches of New England, so long as he shall continue of such faith, and of good conversation ; reasonable allowance being made upon said bills being of more or less value." They also voted a settlement of four hundred pounds, old tenor — one hundred to be paid within six months after his ordination, and one hundred a year from said first payment, till the whole sum be paid ; " provided he continue qualified as aforesaid." Mr. Smith accepted the invitation, and was ordained June 11, 1740. His settlement gave peace to the town, so far as a minister was concerned. But the old remark, that misfortunes seldom come singly, was fully realized in their case. For while the people Avere contending, and one said, I am of Paul, and another, I am of Apollos, a feeling of alienation, founded upon sectional jealousies, was growing up, and furnishing seed for that full harvest of sectional strife, the bitter fruits of which have since saddened many a heart. Certain gentlemen in the easterly part of the town, were desirous of being set off as a separate township, as wdl be seen by the following petition : — " To the freeholders and other inhabitants of the town of Marlborough, in town meeting assembled, February 5, 1738. "The petition of sundry inhabitants of the easterly part of said town, humbly sheweth : — That your petitioners have expecta tion that we and others, y" inhabitants of the said easterly part of said town, shall be set off a separate township. What Ave address you for, gentlemen, is, that you would return us our part of the money that we shall pay towards the settlement or gratuity to a minister, and likoAvise our part towards ordination cost and charges, if we shall be set off as abovesaid within three years after the above date ; and if we shall not within the term of three years, yet if we shall within the term of seven years, that you would return us half of y« said gratuity and ordination cost — and as in duty bound shall pray, «fec. " Joseph Taylor, Joseph Baker, Benjamin Goodale, John Weeks, Ebenezer Hager, John Holland, Jonathan Barnes, Nahum Newton, Jabez Ward, Samuel Witt, Sen., Samuel Witt, John Taylor. Uriah Newton, Joseph Bush, 129 " The question being put Avhether y° prayer of y° within petition be granted under the following restrictions, viz., no part of y" ordination charge be returned, nor settlement, unless y town's money be hiring and carrying on y" public service of y pulpit there, at y° times within specified. Passed in the affirmative." But this action, on the part of the town, did not long give satisfaction. In June, 1743, Samuel Witt, John Hapgood, and others residing on the Indian plantation, petition the General Court that that portion of Marlborough be set off as a distinct parish or town. They represent that they reside far from the meeting-house ; that it is " vastly fatiguing " to attend meeting ; that they have an " entire aversion to itinerants and exhorters, who may take occasion to go from house to house," if they had no meeting among them. They also state that they have tim ber and other materials for a meeting-house. On this petition the Court sent out a viewing committee. In the mean time, a remonstrance was sent to the Court, signed by Simon Maynard, Jonathan Barnes and others, in which they state that the petitioners are not all voters, and that it would be three times as far for some of those living upon the plantation to go to meeting, as it is at present. In January, 1743, Uriah Eager, Jabez Ward, John Weeks and others, - petition that the easterly portion of the township may be set off from Marlborough, and erected into a separate town. While these two petitions Avere pending, one for a town ship formed from the Indian plantation, and the other from the easterly or south-easterly portion of the town, Simon Maynard, Joseph Baker, Uriah Eager and eighteen others, memorialize the General Court — in which memorial they state, that they are utterly opposed to setting off the Indian plantation as a separate precinct, unless the most easterly part of the town be annexed to it, and that with the consent of their neighbors, the inhabi tants ; notwithstanding some of them had already petitioned for the same. They further showed their moderation and good sense, by saying that the opposition and lasting contention which would result from such a measure would " render our lives uncomfortable, and hinder our grace." In September, 1744, the toAvn, by a committee, consisting, of Edward Barnes and John Warren, responded to these petitions 130 by setting forth that the meeting-house was situated on the very territory the petitioners on the Indian plantation asked to. have set off ; and that a considerable number of inhabitants upon the territory would be less accommodated by being severed from Marlborough, than they are at present ; and that there would be others left in the old town, as far from meeting as those who are urging their case before the Court. These several papers were referred to a committee, which reported in favor of grant ing the prayer of the petitioners, with certain limitations ; but the Court refused to adopt the report. Thus ended the controversy for the division of the town ; but the same principle showed itself in another form. The peo ple in the northern and eastern part thereof presented, for the consideration of the inhabitants, the subject of binlding two meeting-houses, so that the inhabitants in every part of the town might be accommodated. But the voters wisely rejected the proposition. In the mean time they made such arrange ments in their meeting-house, as Avere necessary to accommo date all the people with seats. In this way they succeeded in keeping the town together ; though the feeling of East and West part, seemed to be somewhat deeply seated in the breasts of many of the inhabitants. In 1749, a severe calamity befell the Colony by a drought, attended in many places with swarms of devouring insects, which caused great distress in New England. Many brooks and springs were dried up. The first crop of grass was short ened to a tenth part of what had usually been mown; and some of the inhabitants were obliged to send to Pennsylvania, and others even to England, for hay. In this general calamity, Marlborough shared to the full extent. Feeling their depend ence upon Him who gives or wdhholds the early and latter rains, as seemeth good in his sight, the 15th of June was set apart as a day of public fasting and prayer, on account of the extreme drought. ¦ Mr. Smith preached two sermons on that day, which were printed " at the earnest request of his hearers " — copies of which are preserved Avith the church records. The folloAving is an extract from the Appendix. " The heat and drought daily increased, until not only the ground was chapt, but the corn which clothed the vallies was 131 fainting, and on the point of sinking into the earth. The trees languished and died ; the brooks dried up ; the small fish so perished, that the rivers stank ; yea the air, by long stagnation, became so putrid and unfit for respiration, that mankind were in danger of being suffocated. In this extremity, Avhen every countenance gathered paleness, for all things appeared dark and dismal, and in consternation men stood gazing one upon another, wisely inquiring, Avherefore God's anger burned toAvards them in such a tremendous manner : I say in this very critical juncture, the Lord wrought graciously for his people on the 6th of July : that memorable day Almighty God compassionated his people, and caused us to behold his great Power in relieving us, when reduced to the lowest ebb NeAV England ever saw. 'Twas in the veiy instant when all hope was ready to fail, that the Father of rain sent plentiful shoAvers, and so refreshed the parched earth, and recovered the perishing fruits, and destroyed the insects, that the earth yielded more than a competent supply for the necessities and comforts of life." In 1756, the subject of taking down the old meeting-house and erecting two new ones, Avas again brought before the town. But instead of entertaining the proposition, the town " voted to repair the present meeting-house on the foreside and the two ends, by making new windoAV-frames and casements to slip up and down, and glaze it with sash glass, set in Avood,* and to new clabbord the foreside and the tAvo ends, and make new doors and steps at the doors ; and to accomplish said work, Mr. Thomas Brigham, Dea. Andrew Rice, Capt. Joseph HoAve, Capt. Daniel Barnes, and Capt. Ephraim Brigham, were chosen a committee to cause the same to be done." And to show the feeling which existed, and the strong desire which prevaded to render their present house convenient and acceptable, several young women petitioned the town that they might be permitted to make some improvements in the internal arrangement of the house ; whereupon, it was " voted that * "Sash glass, set in wood," &c. The kind of glass generally used at that day was a small light, about four by six inches, set in lead, with bars crossing the window to hold the lead in its place. The form of the lights was that of a Rhombus, or an equilateral Ehomboid, its greatest diameter bemg placed perpen dicularly in the window. Such, undoubtedly, was the glazing of the meeting house up to 1756. 132 Mary Ward, Elizabeth Harrington, and Dorothy Burnap, and others whom they shall admit, may build a pew in the front gallery where a seat now is, and set in it during the town's pleasure." The town went on, from year to year, improving their meeting-house — erecting porches, glazing the back side, and even " colouring " the house to make it attractive. These repairs upon the meeting-house have a significancy other than the mere improving of the building. It was a sort of back fire to the movement of the easterly part to be set off as a separate town, or to have tAVO houses erected. The town historian is frequently charged with dwelling upon trifles ; but those who bring this charge are hardly aware that the character of a town, like that of an individual, is best learned by its minute acts, Avhere the motives and springs of action have full play, and where the mask of dissimulation costs more than the object to be attained. Another charge brought against the local historian is, that he devotes too much of his space to ecclesiastical affairs — to building meeting houses, and settling and dismissing ministers. This charge also arises from a misconception of the subject. In the early settlement of New England, their ecclesiastical affairs occupied a more conspicuous place than they do at present. Then the minister exerted a controlling influence, not only in religious, but in civil matters ; and to omit ecclesiastical affairs in the history of a toAvn, would be passing over what the people held most dear, and omitting the very subject Avhich most engrossed their attention, caused their severest trials, and drew forth their most fervent prayers. Who could write the history of Salem Witchcraft, without bringing in the discipline of the church ; or even the setde ment of New England, without touching upon the religious motive which prompted the settlement itself ? In the history of the Pilgrims, Elder BreAvster is quite as important as Miles Standish ; and any work would be incomplete which did not place both of them in a prominent position. A Town History, going back to the early settlements, would be as defective without the minister and the meeting-house, as a History of Rhode Island would be without Roger Wdliams. Let no one, therefore, say that the settlement of the minister, the building of the meeting-house, the decision of the ecclesi- 138 astical conned, or the gathering of the church, are events which can be overlooked in the history of a tOAvn. These things filled a large space in the contemplation of our fore fathers ; and their most chastened enjoyment, as well as their most bitter feuds, grew out of these very subjects. People at this day are hardly aware of the prominence of ecclesiastical matters in our early history. The great idea of the age was the religious idea. To build up a religious CommoiiAvealth was the great object, and hence the right of suffrage Avas con fined to professors ; and men were not only required by laAV to support the minister, but to attend upon his preaching. In faithfulness, therefore, the historian is compelled to devote a considerable portion of his page to ecclesiastical matters, in order to present the spirit of the age, and "Catch the manners living as they rise." 18 CHAPTER VI. THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. Soldiers in 1722-1724 — Campaign in 1741 — Capture of Louisburg — Capt. Howe's Company, 1746 — Companies in 1757 — Soldiers in 1746 — Soldiers in 1748 — Soldiers in 1754 — in 1755 — in 1756 — Soldiers who march to the relief of Fort William-Henry — Soldiers in 1758-1759-1760 — Importance of the French Wars — Their Bearing upon our Civil and Religious Institu tions — Wars Overruled for Good — Our present Insurrection. We have seen in the preceding chapters, that the inhabitants of Marlborough have been exposed to the horrors of Indian wars, and that these evils have been, in several instances, brought to their own doors. We propose to narrate, in this chapter, other wars which, though they have been more distant, have not been less exhausting ; and though the women and children have been more secure, the male portion of the population have been more exposed. Marlborough furnished a large number of men in every campaign, from 1722 to the peace of 1763. Of the early campaigns there are no full rolls of companies extant, and consequently we can give no list of the men belonging to this town. From a few fragments of rolls which we have been able to find, we learn that William Ward was a sergeant in the service in 1722, and Thomas Buder in 1723. In 1724, Robert Hunt, Henry Allen and Jesse Howe, of Marlborough, are found upon the rolls. In 1741, the English Government fitted out an expedition against the Spanish West Indies, Cuba being the principal object. Massachusetts furnished five hundred men ; and such Avas the fatality from disease, and other causes, only about fifty ever returned. Marlborough must have had some men in that unfortunate expedition. But the rolls are believed to be lost. Darius Wheeler is the only Marlborough man, of whose service we have any direct evidence. 135 In 1744, England declared war against France ; which in volved the Colonies in great trials and dangers. The following year the memorable expedition against Cape Breton was under taken, which resulted in the capture of Louisburg. As Massa chusetts Colony furnished 3,250 men, Marlborough must have had her complement of soldiers in that expedition. But as the rolls are said to have been sent to England as vouchers, no list of Marlborough men can be found. The obituaries of the town contain the following : " Bezaleel Morse died at Cape Breton, January 12, 1745, aged 25 years." He Avas undoubtedly among other soldiers, from the same town, in that service. Encouraged by the success at Louisburg, Governor Shirley designed the general reduction of Canada. This brought the French and Indians upon our frontiers ; and though they did not penetrate as far as Marlborough, soldiers were called from this place to more exposed towns. We have no rolls of the service, but have record evidence that Capt. Joseph Howe, of Marlborough, who commanded a company of horse, was ordered with his company to No. 4, (now Charlestown, N. H.) and that on the 3d of August, 1746, he had an engagement with the Indians. Ephraim Brigham was his Lieutenant. We cannot state the number of his men, nor whether any were lost in the engagement; but as they petitioned to be remunerated for horses lost in the battle, it is highly probable that some of the men shared the same fate. The peace of 1748, which terminated this war, was little more than a trace, for digesting and maturing more extensive plans of operation. Hostilities which Avere commenced in 1754, called to the field, on the following year, three or four thousand men from Massachusetts. It is foreign to our purpose to give a detaded account of the operations in this war; they wdl be alluded to only in connection with the Marlborough men called into service. The more recent events of the Revolution, and its immediate effects upon our destiny as a people, have thrown the French and Indian Avars into the shade. And yet it is undoubt edly true, that the tods and hardships, the sacrifices and suffer ings, endured by the New England Colonies, were greater in these wars than they were in the Revolution. The only relief in this case consists in the fact that Great Britain, to a consider able extent, bore the pecuniary burden in these earlier wars. 136 The sacrifices and hardships of the " old French wars," as our fathers used to denominate them, are so litde understood by the people at this day, that we propose to give, as far as we are able, the names of the men from this town, who were engaged in that service, thereby showing the part the town took in them. Marlborough, like other towns, furnished a large number of men. The rolls of that service, originally imperfect, are in many cases lost, and in others very much ddapidated, so that any thing like a complete and perfect list of the men cannot be given. But enough have been found to show the hardships and dangers to which our citizens were exposed; especially when we consider that this service was in a great degree in the wdderness, at all seasons of the year, and against an artful and wily enemy, inured to toil and destitution, and whose mode of warfare kept the troops constantly upon the watch. Some idea of the danger which was apprehended at that day appears in the fact that the General Court required the whole people to be organized — those who were able-bodied and active, to be ready for any distant service, while those who were exempt from age, or other causes, were to be organized as an Alarm List, and -be ready for any exigency at or near home. The very fact of the " Alarm List " shows that the danger was regarded as imminent, and that the crisis demanded extraor- dinairy efforts. Two large companies were organized in Marlborough in 1757, with the addition of the alarm men ; and as the rolls give us the fullest list we have of the inhabitants of the town at that time, they have been transcribed. Capt. J. Weeks, Ens. Robert Baker, Sergt. Ezra Howe, " Eliakira Howe, " Josiah Howe, " Micah Newton, Corp. Simon Howe, " John Shattuck, " Jesse Bush, " Francis Weeks, Capt. J. Weeks's Company. Nathaniel Smith, Jr., Peter Howe, Micah Bush, Araazial Knight, Thomas Walkup, Fortunatus Eager, Solomon Bush, Joseph Goodale, Stephen Brigham, Jonathan Goodale, Jr., Winslow Brigham, John Taintor, John Davis, Joseph Townsend, Uriah Newton, Daniel Hayden, Nathan Goodale, Jr., Ebenezer Eames, William Morse, Robert Eames, Daniel Bayley, Uriah Newton, John Priest, Samuel Robbins, Joseph Bush, Jonathan Eager, Samuel Sherman, John Johnson, Robert Sproal, Kendall Pearson, Edmund Wilkins, Aaron Mason, Stephen Morse, 137 Amasa Cranston, Ebenezer Hartshorn, Silas Barnes, Abel Ray, Jr., Josiah Hayden, Jr., Jonas Morse, Jr., Solomon Wheeler, Josiah Morse, Josiah Stow, John Brown, Levi Goodnow, Uriah Eager, Jr., John Stow, Jr., Solomon Harthon, David Newton, John Weeks, Jr., James Russell, Jr., Bayley Eager, Asa Ray, Solomon Hayden, Josiah Winn, Fortunatus Barnes, Asa Este, Charles Brooks, Abraham Alexander, Joseph Wheeler, Jr. In addition to this list, the following alarm men were at tached to the Company. Uriah Eager, Josiah Goodnow, John Bruce, Nathaniel Harthon, John Morse, Daniel Harrington, Eleazer Hager, Josiah Potter, Nathan Goodale, Ephraim Maynard, Solomon Barnard, Nathaniel Falkner, Josiah Wheeler, John Hapgood, Seth Howe, David Smith, William Newton, Josiah Wilkins, Gideon Smith, Timothy Baker, Samuel Stow, Jr., Simon Ross. Samuel Witt, Clerk. Company under Col. Abraham Williams. Col. Abraham Williams, Lieut. Jesse Rice, Ens. Abraham Rice, Sergt. Thomas Howe, " Benj. Brigham, " Sam'l Stevens, Jr., " Jacob Felton, Corp. Stephen Howe, " Ithamar Brigham, " Asa Brigham, " Noah Beaman, Drum. Francis Amsden, Jonathan Brigham, George Brigham, Noah Brigham, Antipas Brigham, Paul Brigham, Peter Bent, Jonathan Barnes, John Barnes, Jr., Frederick Barnes, Abraham Barnes, Solomon Barnes, Moses Barnes, John Bartlett, Timothy Bigelow, Silas Jones, Timothy Jones, Adonijah Knapp, Edmund Larkin, John Beals, Alexander Boyd, William Barnes, Jr., Benoni Baker, Abraham Carley, Samuel Carley, John Eager, Solomon Eager, David Felton, Elisha Felton, Archelaus Felton, Silas Gates, Solomon Goddard, John Goddard, Benjamin Howe, Abner Howe, Abraham Howe, Simeon Howe, Adonijah Howe, Jonathan Howe, Joseph Howe,' Phinehas Howe, Pelatiah Joslin, Samuel Joslin, Ichabod Jones, William Eager, Barnabas Mathews, 138 Paul Mathews, Daniel Maynard, Jr., Isaac Morse, Caleb Newton, Ebenezer Phelps, Joseph Witherbee, Caleb Winchester, Silas Wheeler, John Wessen, Jr., William Williams, Joseph Wilson, Robert Wilson, Benjamin Rice, Caleb Rice, Rediat Stewart, Samuel Ward, Alpheus Woods, Moses Woods, David White, Manning Sawin, Aaron Woods. Attached to this Company was the following alarm list : Rev. Aaron Smith, Capt. David Barnes, Lt. John Wessen, Ens. David Ward, Dr. Andrew Ripe, Jonathan Loring, Benjamin Woods, Dr. Jeremiah Robinson, Dr. Benjamin Gott, Jabez Rice, Zerubbabel Rice, Nathan Rice, Gershom Rice, Joseph Brigham, William Goddard, John Hudson, Hezekiah Maynard, Daniel Warren, Abraham Howe, Asa Howe, Joseph Williams, Moses Williams, Jonathan Taintor, Abraham Joslin, Gershom Bigelow, Adonijah Church, Jonathan Wilder, Ebenezer Howe, William Barley, Jonathan Jones, John Barnes. Larkin Williams, Clerk. The above lists contain the names of the principal men of active years in Marlborough, in 1757. It was from these lists, in a good degree, that the soldiers Avho served in the French wars were taken. The fact that in the alarm list is found the name of the clergyman of the toAvn, shows the exigency of the times, and the danger which was apprehended by the whole community. Nor was this sense of danger confined to a single town, or the patriotism of Rev. Mr. Smith peculiar to him. The clergyman of Westborough, and other towns, having a common interest, and feeling a common danger with the rest of the people, cheerfully enrolled themselves, that they might take part in the defence of what we hold most dear — our homes and firesides. That the present inhabitants of Marlborough may realize, in some degree, the hardships which were endured, and the dangers which were dared by their patriotic sires, and how many of them were called to the field in defence of houses and homes, which we possess in quiet and in peace, the following lists, gleaned from fragmentary and imperfect rolls, are pre sented — premising that they fall vastly short of the whole number in the service. 139 In 1745, in the expedition against Louisburg, as we have already stated, we have no rolls of the service, and are able to present but a smgle name — that of Bezaleel Morse, who died at Cape Breton. In 1746, Daniel Warren and Nathaniel Eames were taken prisoners at Fort Massachusetts, in Berkshire County, and car ried to Canada. Amasa Cranston Avas in the service the same year. In 1748, Nathaniel Smith, John Cook, Elias Witt, Seth Hud son, Gershom NoAvton, Samuel Grant, Abner Cranston, Abra ham Ray, William Taint, Jotham Marble, Timothy NeAvton, Ebenezer Cranston, and John Brown were in the service. In 1754, we are able to give the names of Abner Cranston, Abel Ray, Wdliam Hunt, Jonathan Marble, Timothy Newton, Ebenezer Cranston, and Seth Hudson. In 1755, John Hudson, Samuel Grant, John Bruce, Silas Shadwick, Jacob Howe, John Size, Edmund Brigham, Roger Bruce, Levi Goodnow, Samuel Howe, Daniel Moody, and Na thaniel Rugg were among the men engaged in their country's cause, who hailed from Marlborough. In 1756, Gershom Newton, Samuel Grant, Abijah Berry, Stephen Cook, Nathaniel Smith, John Gold, Thomas Alexan der, Aaron Mason, Benjamin Barrett, Phinehas Wdkins, Elias Witt, Wdliam Manning, and Darius Hudson are found upon the rolls. During the same year, Capt. Wdliam Wdliams was in the service at No. 4. with the following men, of Marlbo rough. Ens. Daniel Barnes, Solomon Barnes, Elisha Hudson, Joseph Wheeler, Samuel Hapgood, Ebenezer Wright, Jonathan Howe, Hastings Warren, Jonas Newton, Archelaus Felton, Moses Dickinson, Ebenezer Russell, John Brown, Joseph Eager, Daniel Ward, Jr., Benjamin Bruce, Levi Howe, William Ward. The year 1757 was memorable for the fall of Fort Wdliam- Henry, and other operations at the Lakes, and a large number of troops of the Colony were caded out. Several men from Marlborough were hi the regular service at that time. Capt. Arbuthnott, who was in the fort at the time of its surrender, hailed from Marlborough. Zebadiah Bush, John Hudson, Jonathan Goodale, James Russell, Abner Cranston, David 140 Crawford, John Gold, William Manning, Daniel Harrington, and Thomas Walcutt Avere in what might be denominated the regular service. Besides these men, two companies marched to the relief of Fort William-Henry ; one under the command of Capt. Samuel Howe, who Avas in service three months, and the other under the command of Lieut. Stephen Maynard. Capt. HoAve's Company consisted of the following men : — Capt. Samuel Howe, Lieut. Tho's Williams, Ens. Asa Hapgood, Sergt. Edward Howe, " John Patterson, " Jotham Bellows, Clerk William Seaver, Corp. Joseph Parminter, " Thomas Mason, " Robert Smith, " Clark Gibbs, Benjamin Howe, Richard Cheevers, John Johnson, Josiah Childs, Micajah Rice, Lerry Lee, Jonathan Partridge, Moses Leonard, 3d, James Hamilton, Benjamin Yates, Leonard Webb, Silas Harthorn, John Willis, Jonathan Knight, Seth Metcalf, Benjamin Felton, Peabody Howe, Jacob Switcher, Micah Rice, Joseph Hall, James Millholland, John Crawford, Joseph Stone, Micah Harthorn, Ebenezer Fletcher, John Lebaracan, John Wilson, Josiah Farnsworth, Joseph Robinson, John Henry, Cyrus Rice, William Caruth, John Hudson. The Company under Lieut. Maynard was composed of the following men : — Lieut. Stephen Maynard, Q,r. Mas. Hezekiah Rice, Ephraim Brown, Ross Wyman, Gideon Howe, Elisha Keyes, Samuel Bigelow, Joshua Stone, Robert Baker, Micah Newton, John Shattuck, Jesse Bush, Samuel Witt, Nathaniel Smith, Timothy Baker, Levi Goodnow, Jabez Rice, William Stone, Abijah Gately, Darius Hudson, John Butler, Thaddeus Fay, Benjamin Taintor, Joseph Grant, Nathaniel Stone, Ebenezer Perry, Timothy Bigelow, Solomon Barnard, Amaziah Knight, Josiah Bruce, Abiel Bush, Thomas Walkup, John Parker, Ebenezer Harthorn, John Brown, Charles Brooks, James Eames, Kendall Pearson, Josiah Winn, Daniel Bayley, Ezra Howe, Pompey, a negro. In 1758 and 1769, great efforts were made to raise a force sufficient for the reduction of Canada. In the absence of any correct records, we can only glean a few names ; nor is it easy, in many cases, to fix the year of the service, as some of the rolls 141 contain no date but that of the final settlement of the pay-roll. The following names of Madborough men are found upon the rolls; but as the name of the town is in very many cases omitted on the record, I have confined myself to names Avhere the residence is expressly stated, and give the foUowing list, Avhich must fall much short of the true number. Solomon Howe, Joseph Goodale, Silas Brown, Nathaniel Smith, Levi Goodnow, David Goodnow, Thomas Brooks, John Henry, Thomas Joslin, William Barnes, John Verry, Samuel Grant, Abner Cranston, Elijah Hudson, Matthew Laws, Daniel Newton, Elisha Hudson, Isaac Joslin, David Crawford, Robert Seaver, David Boynton, David Cook, Barnabas Matthews, Joseph Tainter, John Parker, Elias Witt, John Size, Moses Hayden, John Newton, Benjamin Rugg, Thomas Williams, Lt. Joseph Chadwick. Some of the above list Avere in service in 1760 and in 1762. In 1760, Captain William Williams, of Marlborough, Avas out with a company composed of men from several towns. Henry Haskell, of Lancaster, was his Lieutenant. The following were the men from Marlborough. Samuel Barnes, Moses Dickinson, Joseph Eager, Elisha Hudson, Ebenezer Knight, Jonas Newton, Ebenezer Russell, Hastings Warren,* Daniel Barnes, Joseph Witherbee, Jonathan Howe, Archelaus Felton, John Brown, Benjamin Bruce, Samuel Stanford. It wdl be seen by the foregoing lists, that in some instances the same name appears several times. This arises from the fact that the individuals mentioned were in the service in differ ent years, and sometimes in different campaigns the same year. To some, this catalogue of names may appear dry and unin teresting. But it is due to the memory of our fathers, that their names and their services should be recorded, so that we, who are enjoying a rich inheritance, may know to whom we are indebted for these blessings, and may realize the aAvful price at which our liberties were purchased. It is also im portant to shoAV the spirit of the times, and the condition of the * Died in the service. 19 142 community at that pferiod, to know the number of men which were called from the quiet and safety of home, to encounter hardship, and to be exposed to the secret ambush, or " to jeop ardize their lives in the high places of the field." In fact, "the old French war," as it was generally denomi nated by our fathers, Avas a very important period in our colonial history ; and no narrative of our early towns Avould be perfect, which did not present these wars, in more or less detail. Their history at the time was written in blood, and that blood cries to us-from the ground, to show the bearing of their toils and suf ferings upon our civil and religious institutions. It was a con test between Protestant England and Catholic France for the possession of a vast territory in America, and so involved, in a good degree, the religious character of the country. The bearing of the French war upon our civil institutions is equally apparent. England had already put forth the claim of authority to legislate for the Colonies " in all cases whatsoever; " and the Colonies, while they denied that right, had declared their Avidingness to defend his Majesty's possessions, to the utmost of their ability, both by their purses and their swords. This war shoAved the sincerity of their professions, and their ability to defend their oAvn rights. These contests Avith the French and Indians taught them the art of war, developed a martial spirit, and so prepared them for the events which were before them. It is hardly saying too much to affirm, that but for the French and Indian wars, the Revolutionary struggle could not have been prosecuted to a successful termination. In the plan of Him who "rules in the armies of heaven, and does his will among the inhabitants of the earth," these wars were links in the great chain of causes, Avhich led us from a state of Colonial vassalage to that of National independence. The men who had defended their own country against the veteran troops of one European power, Avould feel confidence in their ability to defend it against the veteran troops of another. Those who had served under Peppered, at the capture of Louis burg, and under Abercrombie and Amherst, naturally supposed that their services would be appreciated, and their rights respect ed by the Parliament they had served ; and their experience in the art of war, under these commanders, and under Putnam and Rogers, satisfied them, that if their rights were not respected 143 by others, they could be vindicated by themselves. And the gallant conduct of the men at Lexington, and the bold stand at Bunker Hill, Avere the legitimate fruits of their past experience ; and the raw troops at the opening of the Revolution Avere em boldened by the recodection of past events, and by the presence of those who had fought the battles of the mother country. The neglect and indignity with Avhich the Colonial officers, who Avere generally the leading men in their respective toAvns, had been treated by the officers of the Crown, naturally created in their minds a strong aversion to British rule. So that, in various Avays, the French wars were the harbingers of the Rev olution, and the school in which our fathers learned the use of arms. Whoever, therefore, studies history in its principles, and considers results as groAving out of their legitimate causes, will by no means overlook the " old French wars." CHAPTER VII. THE CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. The Stamp Act — Measures of Defense — Non-importation and Non-consump tion of Taxed Articles — Marlborough's Response to the Town of Boston — Instructions to their Representative in 1773 — Resolutions on the alarming state of Public Affairs — Covenant of Non-importation — Instructions to Representative — Increase of Ammunition — Organization of the Militia — Minute Men raised and drilled — Taxes to be paid to Provincial Treasurer — The Causes of the Revolution — The Tories — Henry Barnes, Esq. — He is visited by two British Officers — Dismission of Rev. Mr. Smith — Assault upon his House — Primitive Manners — Warning out of Town. The toils and suffering of the Colonists during the French wars, and the readiness with which they seconded all the plans of Parliament to extend the dominion of Great Britain in America ; the promptness with which they had acted in coun cil, and the bravery they had displayed in the field ; the devo- " tion they had manifested to the mother country, and the im portant services they had rendered her, created a strong claim upon England to respect their rights. They had shown their readiness to expend their treasures freely, and to pour out their blood like water to defend his Majesty's possessions, and to acquire such further territory as would give security to these settlements ; and had thus showed themselves loyal, justly entitled to the rights and immunities of British subjects, and even the lasting gratitude of the Crown. But these lessons were lost upon the corrupt ministry which then reigned in England. On the peace of 1763, instead of favoring the Colonies for their valuable services, Great Britain seems to have regarded this peace as a favorable opportunity to reduce the Colonies to a more perfect subjection to her arbitrary and despotic sway, by commencing her odious system of taxation. The first in the series of her oppressive measures, Avas the Stamp Act, which 145 was passed in 1765. By this Act the people were required to purchase blanks for all notes, bonds, &c., bearing the Royal stamp, in order to give validity to those instruments. This tax, while it was a matter of but little consequence to the com mon people, was quite severe upon men of business.* This Act Avas virtually resisted and annulled by the people of the Colony ; and other odious impositions were about to be made. The Legislature of Massachusetts took the alarm, and in 1768 petitioned the CroAvn for a redress of grievxinces. They also addressed a circular to the other Colonies, requesting their co-operation in measures for redress. In all the movements in favor of liberty, the town of Boston, being the most oppressed, took the lead. They addressed letters to the other towns in the Province, asking their co-operation, and inviting them to send delegates to meet them for consultation. In answer to their call, Marlborough responded favorably, as appears by the record. " The town came into the following vote, that it is their opinion that what the toAvn of Boston has done respecting the present difficulties, is proper, and have accordingly chosen Mr. Samuel Witt to meet the committee of Boston, at the time and place named and proposed. — Marl borough, September 19, 1768." The oppressive acts of the British ministry drove the people to measures of self-defence, and among these measures were the non-importation and non-consumption of taxed articles. When this resolution was taken by the people of the Province, Boston, at Avhich the hostde blow was principally aimed, in the true spirit of patriotic self-sacrifice, agreed to adhere to the recommendation of the people, and discontinued the importa tion, sale or consumption of such articles. Other towns in the Province came into the same agreement. Marlborough spoke out plainly in support of freedom's cause ; nor did she spare her own citizens, Avho adhered to a traffic which was calculated to strengthen the hands of the oppressor, and reduce the people to a state of bondage. At a meeting of the citizens of the town, held March 29, 1770, to act on the following article — " To see whether the * By this Act, a ream of bail bonds, stamped, cost £100 ; a ream of common printed ones before had been sold for £15. A ream of stamped policies of in surance cost £190; a ream of common ones, without stamps, £20. 146 town will do any thing to strengthen the hands of the mer chants in their non-importation agreement," John Warren was chosen Moderator, and Hezekiah Maynard, Peter Bent, and Robert Baker were elected a Committee, who, after due deliberation, submitted the following spirited and patriotic Report ; which was adopted by the town, transmitted to the Boston Committee, and published in the Evening Post, a news paper of the day. " The Inhabitants of the Town of Marlborough, in the County of Middle sex, being legally assembled in town meeting, and taking into consideration the deplorable and embarrassed state of America, the many distresses it lies under, the violent assaults that are made upon our invaluable rights and privileges, the unconstitutional and alarming attempts that are made by an aspiring, audacious, arbitrary power, to strip us of our liberties and all those glorious privileges, civil and sacred, which we, through the kind indulgence of Heaven, have long enjoyed, and to bring us into a state of Slavery under such Tyrants who have no bounds to their aspiring ambition, which leads them to the perpetration of the blackest crimes, even to the shedding the blood of innocents ; an instance of which we have very lately had in the horrid, detestable and sinful Massacre committed in the town of Boston ; and considering that our estates are not sufficient to satisfy the avarice of a growing arbitrary power, but that the lives of the harmless subjects must fall a sacrifice to the rage and fury of blood-thirsty and mercenary wretches. " We think that notwithstanding the unsuccessfulness of the many con stitutional methods which have been taken to regain to us the free and ftill enjoyment of our constitutional rights and privileges ; yet it is now abso lutely necessary to use our greatest efforts in a constitutional manner to recover our inherent rights, and preserve us from a state of Slavery and Misery ; and it so plainly appears that the Non-Importation Agreement, entered into by the truly patriotic Merchants in Boston and other places on the continent, so directly tends, with other methods that are taken, to the restoration of our liberties, which we have held so sacred and dear to us, which cost our predecessors an immense treasure to secure, not only to enjoy them themselves, but to hand them down to their posterity : ive are astonished to find that a number are at this critical time so sordidly detached from the public interest, and are so selfish and impudent, as to stand out and not comply with the Non-Importation Agreement, or break the same when entered into, and remain obstinate and bid defiance to their country, when entreated by the Committee of Merchants in the most salutary manner to enter into and abide by the same ; and as they continue to practice those things that tend to ruining and enslaving their country and posterity, we think it necessary and an incumbent duty on us, to pass the following votes, viz. " I. Voted, That we highly approve of the noble and manly-spirited con duct in those Merchants Avho have agreed (and firmly abide hy the same) not 147 to import goods from Great Britain, till the revenue acts are repealed, sac rificing their own private interest to the public good. " 2. Voted, The thanks of this town to the town of Boston, for the noble, spirited resolutions and measures they have taken to promote the cause of Liberty. " 3. Voted, That we will, as far as lies in our power, in and by every constitutional way, encourage, strengthen, and support those Merchants and others, who have discovered such a patriotic spirit as hy the Non-Importation Agreement, appears. "4. Voted, That those who have not come into or do not abide by the Non-Importation Agreement, and those that buy goods of the importers, or purchase goods of those traders who have them of the present importers, are enemies to their country and posterity, and tliat they ought to be treated as such. " 5. Voted, That we ourselves, or by any from or under us, will not directly or indirectly purchase any goods of John Bernard, James and Patrick McMasters, William Jackson, John Mein, Nathaniel Rogers, The- ophilus Lillie, John Taylor, Anne and Elizabeth Cummings, all of Boston ; Israel Williams, Esq., and son, of Hatfield, and Henry Barnes, of Marlbo rough aforesaid, (being importers,) until a general importation shall take place, or they come into the Non-Importation Agreement of the Merchants, to their satisfaction. " 6. Resolved and Voted, That the names of those who purchase goods of the importers, or of those who buy of importers, shall be made public, as far as we have the knowledge of them." At a subsequent meeting, Hezekiah Maynard, Peter Bent, Robert Baker, Alpheus Woods, and Moses Woods, were chosen a committee to see that the above votes were carried into effect. As the controversy between Great Britain and the Colonies Avas the absorbing theme of the day, we might naturally expect that the inhabitants of Marlborough, Avho were alive to the spirit of liberty, would not content themselves with a single expression of their sentiments. They had suffered too severely in the Indian wars, and had sacrificed too much in defense of the Colonies, to be willing to yield all they had so dearly bought, to the demands of the British ministry. Consequently, we find them ready, at all suitable times, to avow their attach ment to the cause of civil and religious freedom, and their readiness to co-operate Avith their brethren in any measures calculated to promote the welfare of their country. At a meeting held the 21st of December, 1772, Hezekiah Maynard, Alpheus Woods, Edward Barnes, Jonas Morse, and 148 Daniel Harrington, were chosen a committee to draft instruc tions to their Representative, and also to correspond with the Committee of Correspondence of Boston. At an adjourned meeting, held January 1, 1773, the Committee submitted a somewhat detaded Report and Resolutions ; and although we may not be ready to endorse their grammar and rhetoric, we must admire the patriotism they manifest; and though the Report blends the Lord and the people of Boston in one period, contrary to the rules of composition, we believe, after all, that the latter were moved by the spirit of the former, so that they were not far out of the way even in their composition. At any rate, the Report and Resolutions show that they cared more for sound principles than for correct taste ; and that there are crises when patriotic feelings rise above the rales of rhetoric. The Committee report as follows : " That Slavery has something very shocking in its nature, and that death perhaps is more eligible than such a state ; and once the mournful tragedy is completed, and then to awake and have our eyes opened, would be intol erable that it was once in our power to have prevented it. " We desire, with the sincerest returns of gratitude to the Head of Influ ences, to acknowledge His goodness in spiriting so great a part of our Metropolis to endeavor the recovering and maintaining, by all lawful means, our rights and privileges, both civil and sacred, which he has (notwithstand ing our sins) favored us with, and do now return our thanks to you for the noble exertion lately made in the cause of liberty, and at the time hope you will persevere in all constitutional ways for the full recovering and main taining the same, with an entire confidence on the Lord of Hosts, who has always supported the church and the people against their tyrannical and barbarous enemies, and who we hope will now appear for us, and in his own righteous way grant the salvation needed for his people, for which we hope glory Avill be given to him who is the Captain of our Salvation. So with all respect we are with you, true and loyal in common with Great Britain, the Constitution of which we desire in all lawful ways to maintain. " Therefore do Resolve 1, That the inhabitants of this earth are naturally free, and while in a state of nature have a right to do themselves justice, when their rights are invaded. " 2. Resolved, That mankind have a right and power to form themselves into society, make compacts, covenants, and just laws, so as to form a good and equitable rule of government. " 3. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this town that the British nation have enjoyed, perhaps, as complete a system of government as any nation whatever ; agreeable to and by which the king was as much bound as the people, and had no longer right by the constitution and his coronation oath to the Throne, than during the time of ruling according to the same ; and 149 in extreme cases, when a prince breaks through and treads down the fun damental laws of his country, and destroys the noble constitution thereof, and sets himself to destroy liberty and property, with the Holy Religion of God's covenanted people, and all that is near and dear unto them, and in stead of supporting virtue and holiness, doing justice and loving mercy, and walking humbly with God, he grows haughty, unjust, and a tyrant, using his arbitrary power, introducing Popery and all manner of debauchery and wickedness, that free-born people are not required by the religion of Jesus Christ to submit themselves as slaves to such irreligious tyranny, but to preserve and defend themselves, and recover and support their laws and liberties, civil and religious ; and this must be admitted by all who approve that happy Revolution, brought about by the hand of Divine Providence, A. D. 1688. " 4. Resolved, As the opinion of this town, that the whole British Empire is under very alarming circumstances, in that the constitution of the nation being in part broken over, the rights of the people invaded, great inroads made upon their liberty in an arbitrary manner, their freedom, property, and privileges, civil and religious, being wholly taken from them, notwithstanding all the constitutional remonstrances and petitions that have been made use of. " 5. Resolved, That the British Colonies in America, and this Province in particular, have a right to all the immunities, privileges and liberties granted to them by the royal charter and acts of Parliament. " 6. Resolved, That the people of this Province have ever been a loyal people, and have never forfeited their charter rights by any disloyalty what ever, and that they have good right to hold and enjoy their property and privileges ; and no power on earth has any just right to alienate them from their just owners, without the consent of themselves or representatives. " 7. Resolved, That the many acts of Parliament imposing in late years duties on this as well as the other Colonies, and the tolerating a Roman priest, and appointing papists to high places of trust in the British domin ions, and also establishing the salaries of several of the first men of this Province, and also of the Judges of the Superior Court, and making them independent of the people, the great extension of admiralty jurisdiction, the quartering soldiers upon us in time of peace, the arbitrary demanding and the treacherous giving up of Castle William, our chief fortress, the shedding innocent blood, as in the horrid massacre in Boston, March 5, 1770, all of which is unconstitutional, and carries a bad aspect, &c. " 8. Resolved, That this Province, and every individual town and person, separate or together, have a right to petition his Majesty for a redress of grievances, according to the Bill of Rights and other Acts of Parliament, and that the assertion of a corrupt ministry, a Lord Hillsborough, the Bar onet of Nettleham, or any other tools of arbitrary power proclaiming to the contrary, or their withholding petitions and remonstrances from King and Parliament, is denying and withholding justice, and is unconstitutional, and deserves our resentment. "9. Resolved, That when a people justly complain of illegal acts of Parliament, which are contrary to the constitution of the nation, and peti tion the throne in a proper way for relief— to be denied a hearing, and called 20 150 seditious and guilty of treason against his Majesty, as has been the case, is totally subversive of the constitution, and a great indication of much cor ruption, and a sign of wicked rulers, and that the glory of such a people is departing, or already gone, which calls aloud on such a people to exert themselves in the cause of their God and country, for the case is very dan gerous, and there should be no delay in this matter. " 10. Resolved, As the opinion of this town, that this Province is in the utmost danger of being ruined, and that it is time, yea, more than time, to rouse out of security, and to consider of the danger we are in of being stripped of the privilege of trial by jury, and deprived of a Council of our own choosing and supporting, which is now sought after by those mercenary wretches who are so sordidly detached from all good, as that they are endeavoring to enslave this country in misery, by stripping the people of their Religious Liberty and Property. " II. Resolved, That every town, not only in this Province, but in all the British Colonies, and elsewhere in the British dominions, ought to furnish themselves with everything necessary that is lawful and commendable in the sight of God, in order to save and defend themselves, and regain support and secure ourselves, property, liberties and privileges, civil and sacred, and that without any further delay." These Resolves were unanimously adopted. But the chang ing phases of the controversy required new expressions of opin ion, and the patriots of Marlborough were ready to meet any issue that might be made. At a meeting in 1773, called for the express purpose of con sidering the alarming state of public affairs, the following patri otic Preamble and Resolutions were adopted : "When we reflect upon the peace and harmony that once subsisted between Great Britain and the Colonies, we cannot sufficiently regret the loss thereof; and when we consider that it proceeds from unconstitutional measures adopted not only on the other side of the Atlantic, but by one * among us whom the people once were ready to promote to all the places of trust, profit, and honor in their power ; who has been, nevertheless, using all his artifices and cunning to produce an intestinal commotion between us and our mother country, and reduce us to a state of slavery worse than death itself. — Do therefore " Resolve, 1st, That all such who are in any ways aiding or assisting in imposing any unconstitutional taxes upon us, deserve our resentment, and may expect from us no favor or affection. " Resolved, 2d, That by an act of the British Parliament, the East India * Gov. Hutchinson, whose friendly pretensions to the Colonists had just been exposed by the discovery of secret correspondence with the Ministry, in which he recommended more stringent measures against the Colonies, is probably here alluded to. 151 Company are allowed to export certain teas to America, free of duty in Lon don, but subject to a duty payable in America, which we look upon to be a scheme laid to catch uS in the net they have long set for us. " Resolved, 3d, That although our land is very fruitful, yet being taxed without our consent, we may he brought to a morsel of bread, or but one meal of meat in a week, which is the case with Ireland, a very fertile land ; and as our great Lawgiver, and the law of nature, require self-preservation, we are determined by no means to submit to such arbitrary measures, duties, tythes, taxes, &c., but will unite with our brethren in this and the neighboring Provinces, and oppose them to the last extremity. " Resolved, 4th, That peace and harmony Avill never be enjoyed between Great Britain and the Colonies, until the interests of both be inseparably connected ; Avhich will be accomplished by nothing short of a repeal of all unconstitutional acts, and the removal of all sinecures, pensioners, pimps, informers and bad governors. " Resolved, 5th, That we look upon every person who does not oppose the present unconstitutional measures of administration, especially Edward Winslow and others, of the ancient and memorable town of Plymouth, who without giving one reason, have protested against the proceedings of said town, as inimical to the interests of America, and ought to be despised by all the human race. " Resolved, 6th, We return our hearty thanks to our worthy brethren in the town of Boston and the adjacent towns, for their noble and spirited exer tions against the attacks of arbitrary power, and stand ready to assist them in the execution of their votes and resolves, at a minute's warning. " Voted, That the foregoing Resolves be recorded on the Town Book, and that the Clerk transmit a copy thereof to the Committee of Correspondence of the town of Marlborough, to be forwarded to the Committee of Corres pondence of Boston." On the 20th of June, 1774, the inhabitants of the town were convened by a warrant from the Selectmen, to act on the fol lowing article : " To see what measures the town wid come into respecting an Act passed by the British Parliament for blocking up the Harbor of Boston, and other Acts Avhich have passed and are in agitation respecting the Colonies, or the Province of Massachu setts Bay in particular." After due discussion, Edward Barnes, Samuel Stow, Alpheus Woods, Hezekiah Maynard and George Brigham, Avere chosen a Committee to draw up a Covenant of Non-consUmption of British goods, for the people to subscribe at an adjourned meet ing. At the adjourned meeting, the Committee presented their covenant, Avhich Avas signed by a great part of the people. The conclusion of the meeting is thus described in the Record : 152 " After hearing the names of the persons who had not signed the said covenant, the town, by a vote, ordered that the persons' names Avho had not signed, or did not sign by the first of Sep tember next, be published to the world by the Committee of Correspondence of this toAvn." At a meeting held September 29, 1774, Peter Bent was elect ed Representative, and the town instructed him as follows : •' We hereby instruct you that you adhere strictly to the Charter of this Province, stipulated and agreed to between their Majesties, King William and (iueen Mary and this Province, and that you pay no acknowledgment to any unconstitutional and new fangled Counsellors, and that you do not give your consent to any act or thing that may be construed a tacit ac knowledgment to any of the late oppressive, wicked and unjust Acts of the British Parliament, for altering the Government of the Province of Massachusetts Bay." In the mean time the town adopted measures to prepare for any exigency that might arise. They directed the Selectmen " to make an addition to the town's stock of ammunition — powder, bullets and flints." They also united with several of the neighboring towns, Shrewsbury, Westborough, Northbor ough, Southborough and Grafton, in the choice of field officers, and in reorganizing the militia of said toAvns. The town also adopted measures to carry into effect the recommendations of the Continental and Provincial Congresses, raised a company of minute-men, provided for their drdl and discipline, and offered them a bounty, provided they were called into service. They also instructed their constables, who at that day were collectors of taxes, not to pay the Province tax over to the Royal Treasurer, but to the Treasurer appointed by the Provincial Congress. And while they were in this manner providing for military defense, they were not unmindfid of the poor, who were brought to a state of great distress by the closing of the port of Boston. They agreed to contribute to their sup port, and chose a committee to procure means for then relief In the spring of 1775, the busy notes of preparation were heard throughout the Province. In Marlborough, fifty-five additional guns, with bayonets, Avere procured ; drums were furnished to the companies ; blankets were procured for the minute-men, who were to be paid for the time spent in their 153 weekly drill. And Avhile these warlike preparations Avere going on, the toAvn were careful to select some of their most discreet and reliable men, to represent them in the General Court. And when by the arbitrary act of Gov. Gage, the Legislature Avas prorogued, and no new election was ordered, so that the Gov ernment was about to be abolished, or what was even Avorse, to be swallowed up in the Executive, the people wisely substituted a Provisional Congress as a government of the people them selves. In this Provisional Government, Marlborough was rep resented by Edward Barnes, Peter Bent, and George Brigham, some of the most substantial, devoted, and patriotic of their citizens, Avho justly represented the sentiment of the toAvn. Having brought the civil and political history of Marlborough up to the opening of the American Revolution, before entering upon that field of hardships and trials, of patriotic efforts and of glorious success, it is well to pause and reflect upon the ques tions at issue, the condition of the American people, and the moving principles which prepared them for the contest. In these respects, the history of one town is the history of the Province. Though there is a lively interest felt in the result of a battle, to the philosophic mind this interest is greatly increased, when we understand clearly the cause of the war, and the principles to be settled by the conflict. It is, therefore, due to the present generation, and especially to the memory of our fathers, that we present the true issue and the motives by which they were actuated in taking up arms against the mother country. The impression is somewhat general, that the people took up arms simply to relieve themselves from a small tax upon tea, and a few imported articles. This narrow view of the subject does great injustice to our patriot fathers. The subject of taxa tion was not the sole cause of the conflict. Taxation, it is true, was one, but only one of the manifestations of arbitrary power. The Parliament claimed the right to legislate for the Colonies " in all cases whatsoever." This implied not simply the right to tax, but to impose any other burden — to command their ser vice in any mad scheme of conquest in any part of the world — the right to take away their charter, to alter or annul any of their laws — ^to deprive them of the right of trial by jury, and so 154 render their property, their rights, and even their lives insecure. In a word, to reduce them to a state of the most abject servi tude. The tax upon stamped paper and tea was only a single instance of the exercise of despotic power ; but it involved the great principle, and was defended by the ministry on the ground that the power of Parliament was unlimited, and ex tended to every subject whatever. Our fathers pleaded the principles of the English constitution, and maintained that they were protected by the doctrines of the Great Charter of the realm, and were justly entitled to all the rights and immu nities of English subjects. But the haughty nunistry virtually informed them that Parliament in America a^s supreme, and the guaranties of the English constitution did not apply to dependent Colonies. Our fathers saw in the Stamp Act, and the other modes of tax ation, the assertion of that unlimited power, which, if submitted to, Avould reduce them to a state of the most abject slavery. Nor was the taxing power the only odious power Parliament attempted to exercise in America. They claimed and attempt ed to exercise the right of quartering troops upon the Colonies in times of peace, and of making the military paramount to the civil power. They also violated the charter granted to the Colonists, claimed the right of transporting them to England, to be tried for any offense of which they saw fit to accuse them ; made the courts of justice dependent upon the Crown alone ; and attempted to enforce all these arbitrary laws as interpreted by a corrupt court, and passed upon by packed juries, at the point of the bayonet. And to insure success in this work of oppression, the military force at Boston was greatly augmented ; and the subjugated condition of that devoted town, foreshadowed the fate of the Province. Instead, therefore, of its being a question of mere taxation, it became a question of life or death to their civil and religious institutions, and to their personal, private rights. With such an issue before them, they could not hesitate. Nor was the issue one in which they alone were concerned. They knew that their children, and those who came after them, Avould be affected by the residt of this controversy, and that the great cause of human rights was in a manner committed to 155 them. Having a posterity to regard, a country to save, a God to obey, they chose the path of duty and of right, and hence were firm and unwavering in their purpose. But though the principle of abstract right Avas clear, many, very many obstacles presented themselves. The right of rev olution, which must be admitted in the abstract, can never be urged as a duty, unless there is a reasonable prospect of suc cess in improving our condition and securing a greater good. And what were the prospects in this case ? A feeble province, almost without arms and munitions of war, against the most powerful nation of the earth, then at peace with all the Avorld, and so in a condition to bring all her mighty energies to bear upon her rebel subjects ! Well might the timid fear, and the prudent hesitate. No doubt there were men at the commencement of the Revolution, who were sincere lovers of freedom, and who would willingly have spilt their blood in defence of human rights, if they could have seen any reasona ble prospect of success. But seeing nothing but blood and carnage before them, and a protracted struggle which must end in our defeat and more perfect subjugation, they were from principle opposed to the commencement of hostilities. Our natural antipathy to the "tories " has undoubtedly led us to be too indiscriminate in our censure of the whole of the class, who at that day adhered to the royal cause. That there were men who attached themselves to royalty merely for the sake of preferment, and fawned before the officers of the crown from self-interest, and Avould be wdling to sell not only their own birth-right, but the liberties of their brethren for a mess of pottage, there can be no doubt ; and our detestation of such men can hardly be too great. But removed as we are from those perilous times, and enjoying as we do the blessings of free government, we can afford to be generous, and are in duty bound to be just in our estimation of that portion of our coun trymen. But the existence of loyalists in the midst of society at that day, whatever may have been their motives, could not fail to be a troublesome element, and must have caused great uneasi ness in the community. To have a spy in our own camp — one who might betray us into the hands of the enemy — is naturally regarded as a great calamity ; and even the suspicion 156 of being one, must almost of necessity subject such a person to the detestation of those whose safety and lives are thus put in jeopardy. Marlborough seems to have been cursed with at least one man, who was known and acknowledged to be a devotee to Royalty. We have already seen that as eady as 1770, the people of the town condemned Henry Barnes* as an importer who brought goods into the country contrary to the agree ment of the patriodc and self-sacrificing merchants of Boston and its vicinity, and solemnly agreed that they would not trade with him. Subsequently, when in 1775 Gen. Gage sent his ? Though there were several families of Barneses in Marlborough, whose descendants are found there at the present day, it does not appear that Henry Barnes was in any way connected with these families. Tradition says that he came to Marlborough from Boston. He appears to have been a man of some note, and a favorite of the loyal Governor, who appointed him one of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County of Middlesex in 1766. He is denominated an " importer " in the Marlborough Resolutions. He kept a store in Marlborough, and appears to have been a man of wealth and enterprise. In 1753 he preferred a petition to Govemor Shirley, inwhich he sets forth, " That he has lately been at considerable expense and trouble in erecting in Marlborough a commodious house, works, and utensils for the distilling and manufacturing of cider spirits, and the same has so far answered his expecta tions, as that besides what has been consumed in the Province, he has distilled the same spirit and sent to Boston for exportation between two and three thousand gallons, and the same is esteemed by proper judges to be as good and wholesome as any spirit now used ; " and prays that he may be licensed to retail it in small quantities. Whereupon the Court of Sessions and the Select men of the town were empowered to grant such license. Henry Barnes resided in the east vUlage, in the house known as the Cogswell house, which he built in 1763. He was a man of considerable property, and one of the largest tax- payers in the town. He was the owner of several slaves, one of whom, "Daphine," he left in Marlborough, and she was supported out of his estate. We have already said that he espoused the royal cause, and at the breaking out of the Revolution was found with the enemy. He left Marl borough early in 1775, and repaired to Boston to take shelter under the protec tion of the King's troops. An act was passed iu 1778, forbidding all persons who had left the State and gone over to the enemy, returning to their former homes ; and providing that in case of their return, they should be arrested and sent out of the dominion of the United States ; and in case they should, after Buch transportation, return without the leave of the General Court, " they shall suffer the pains of death without benefit of clergy." In this act, Henry Barnes is expressly mentioned. His property was confiscated. He was in England with his family in 1777, and died in London, 1808, aged 84. Por some of these facts I am indebted to Hon. Lobenzo Sabine, whose admirable work on " American Loyalists " (which he is now revising) should be in the hands of every student of American history. 157 spies to Worcester to sketch the topography of the country, they sought his house as a place of refuge, where they supposed themselves perfectly safe, as we shall show hereafter. The year 1775 opened Avith a large British force cooped up in the town of Boston. The military became impatient, and Gen. Gage felt that he must adopt a more active policy to satisfy his troops, and to meet the expectations of the ministry. He knew that the Province was making military preparations, and that they had collected warlike stores at Concord and Worcester, and he resolved to take an early opportunity to destroy them. Consequently he detailed Capt. Brown and Ensign D'Bernicre, two officers of the royal army, "to take sketches of the roads, passes, &.C., from Boston to Worcester," and also from Boston to Concord, preparatory to the contem plated expedition to these towns to destroy the military stores. These officers entered upon their duty, and in disguise visited both of those places, and sketched the topography. In the account of the adventure written by D'Bernicre, we learn that on leaving Worcester for Boston, they came on unobserved until they passed Shrewsbury, when they were overtaken by a horseman,* who appeared to examine them very minutely and attentively, as if he intended to know them, if he met them again; or be able to describe them, so that they might be known by others. After he had taken his observations, he rode off in haste, taking the Marlborough road, but they took the Framingham road, and returned to Jones's tavern in Weston, where they tarried for the night. The next day, though the weather was severe, they traveled to Marlborough. Their journey thither, and the incidents of that adventure, are thus described by D'Bernicre. " At two o'clock it ceased snowing, a little, and we resolved to set off" for Marlborough, which was about sixteen miles off". We found the roads very bad, every step up to our ancles ; we passed through Sudbury, a large vil lage near a mile long ; the causeway lies over a great swamp, or overflow ing of Sudbury river, and is cominlanded by a high ground on the opposite • Capt. Timothy Bigelow, of Worcester, sent by the Committee of Corres pondence of that town to observe these strangers, whose martial bearing, not withstanding their caution, betrayed them. Capt. Bigelow communicated their probable visit to the people of Marlborough, where they were expected that night. 21 > 158 side. Nobody took the, least notice of us, till we arrived within three miles of Marlborough, {it was snowing very hard all the Avhile,) when a horseman overtook us, and asked us from whence we came — Ave said from Weston ; he asked us if we lived there — we said no ; he then asked where we resided, and, as we found there was no evading his questions, we told him we lived in Boston. He then asked us where we were going ; we told him to Marl borough, to see a friend ; (as we intended to go to Mr. Barnes's, a gentleman to whom we were recommended, and a friend to the Government;) he then asked us, if we were of the army ; we said no, but were a good deal alarmed at his asking us that question ; he asked several rather impertinent questions, and then rode on for Marlborough, as we suppose, to give them intelligence of our coming — for on our arrival the people came out of their houses (though it snowed and blew very hard) to look at us ; in particular, a baker asked Capt. Brown, ' Where are you going. Master .' ' He answered, to see Mr. Barnes. " We proceeded to Barnes's, and on our beginning to make an apology for taking the liberty to make use of his house, and discovering to him that we were oiRcers in disguise, he told us that we need not be at the pains of telling him, that he knew our situation, that we were very well known, he was afraid, by the town's people. We begged he would recommend some tavern where we should he safe ; he told us we would be safe no where but in his house ; that the town was very violent, and that we had been expected at Col. Williams's tavern, the night before, where there had gone a party of liberty people to meet us. While we were talking, the people were gather ing in little groups in every part of the town [village]. " Mr. Barnes asked us who had spoken to us on our coming into town ; we told him a baker ; he seemed a little startled at that, told us that he was a very mischievous fellow, and that there was a deserter at his house. Capt. Brown asked the man's name ; he said it was Sawin, and that he had been a drummer. Brown knew him too well, as he was a man of his own Company, and had not been gone above a month ; so we found we were discovered. We asked Mr. Barnes, if they did get us into their hands what they would do with us ; he did not seem to like to answer ; we asked him again ; he then said, he knew the people very well, that we might expect the worst treatment from them. " Immediately after this, Mr. Barnes was called out ; he returned a httle after, and told us the Doctor of the town had come to tell him, he was come to sup with him, (now this fellow had not been within Mr. Barnes's doors for two years before, and came now for no other business than to see and betray us.) Barnes told him he had company, and could not have the pleas ure of attending him that night ; at this the fellow staid about the house, and asked one of Mr. Barnes's children, who her father had got with him ; the child innocently answered, that she had asked her papa, but he told her it was not her business; he then went, I suppose, to tell the rest of his crew. " When we found we were in that situation, we resolved to lie down for two or three hours, and set off" at twelve o'clock at night; so we got some supper on the table, and were just beginning to eat, when Mr. Barnes, who 159 had been making inquiries of his servant, found the people intended to attack us : he then told us plainly, that he was very uneasy for us, that we could he no longer in safety in the town ; upon which we resolved to set off" immediately, and asked Mr. Barnes if there was no road round the town, so that we might not he seen. He took us out of his house by the stable, and directed us by a by-road which was to lead us a quarter of a mile from the town ; it snowed and blew as much as I ever saw in my life. However, we walked pretty fast, fearing we should he pursued; at first we felt much fatigued, having not been more than twenty minutes at Barnes's to refresh ourselves, and the roads were worse, if possible, than when we came ; but in a little time it wore off, and we got on without being pursued, as far as the hills which command the causeway at Sudbury, and went into a little wood, where we eat a bit of bread that we took from Barnes's, and eat a little snow to wash it down. " A few days after our return, Mr. Barnes came to town from Marlborough, and told us that immediately after our quitting town, the Committee of Cor respondence came to his house, and demanded us; he told them we were gone ; they then searched his house from top to bottom, looking under the beds and in the cellar, and when they found we were gone, they told him, if they had caught us in his house, they would have pulled it down about his ears. They sent horsemen after us on every road, hut we had the start of them, and the weather being so very bad, they did not overtake us, or missed us. Barnes told them we were not officers, hut relatives of his wife's from Penobscot, and were going to Lancaster ; that perhaps deceived them." This rather long extract from the account given by one of the parties, not only contains some interesting incidents, but is decisive of the political character of Barnes. It also shows the spirit of the times, and the feelings by Avhich the people of Marlborough were actuated at that period. The Committee of Correspondence alluded to above, who attempted to arrest these British officers, were Hezekiah Maynard, Alpheus Woods, Edward Barnes, Jonas Morse, Jr., Daniel Harrington, Wdliam Boyd, and Samuel Curtis. The last named gentleman was in all probability the doctor to whom reference is made in the fore going narrative, as calling upon Henry Barnes to ascertain who his new visitors were. The incidents above related reflect no discredit upon the town. They simply shoAV that if Marlborough had the mis fortune to have one tory in the midst of them, they had enough of the true spirit of liberty to render him harmless ; if they had one plant not indigenous to the soil, they had faithful hus bandmen enough to root it up. The tories, in some parts of the country, were very troublesome, and very mischievous 160 giving the enemy information, and supplying them with pro visions. But in Massachusetts they were few in number, and were comparatively harmless after the war had actually com menced. Before that period, those who espoused the royal cause were great hindrances to the spread of free principles, and by their misapprehension, if not misrepresentation, of pub lic sentiment, encouraged the officers of the Crown to adopt more stringent measures, and to draAV more closely the cords by which they hoped to bind us to the car of despotism. But after hostilities had actually commenced, and the whole British force in the Province was confined to a narrow compass, their oppor tunity for mischief Avas greatly circumscribed. The siege of Boston cut off all communication between the British and their friends in the interior, and so rendered the tories in Massachu-, setts comparatively powerless — objects to be despised rather than feared. Having brought the general history up to the commence ment of the Revolution, before we enter upon that severe struggle, it is Avell to pause for a moment and take a general glance at the events which had transpired and were developing themselves in Marlborough. Under the ministry of Rev. Mr. Smith, who was settled in 1740, the town enjoyed compara tive peace, and things passed on smoothly for some twenty years. During this period, the " Great Awakenmg," or Whit field movement, occurred ; and while some churches were divided or disturbed, and others severed in twain, there was no particular commotion in this town. But a sort of indifference, if not dissatisfaction, appeared to be growing against their pastor, especially among the younger portion of the commu nity. It was also suspected that in their approaching struggle with Great Britain, his sympathies were rather Avith the royal ists. This suspicion would naturally increase the alienation. Mr. Smith being in ill health, the town in several instances chose a committee to supply the pulpit, and in granting his annual salary, reduced the sum — an indication that there was a want of sympathy with their minister, and that they were will ing to give him this tangible hint of their state of feeling towards him. But in November, 1771, they brought the subject directly before the people, by inserting an article in their warrant, " To 161 see if the town will choose a committee to consult Avith Rev. Mr. Smith, to see if he wid resign the ministry; " and though the motion was negatived, it was an indication of the state of feeling, the ultimate result of which can easily be anticipated. This subject was kept before the town several years, and divers propositions were made to him by his people. In the meantime, his health became impaired, and other supplies were engaged ; and finally, in January, 1778, he asked a dismission, and was accordingly dismissed by a council, called for that purpose, April 29, 1778, " on account of his infirmity and weakness, which greatly affected his lungs, and voice in particular." As a brother of the church, he was recommended to the church in East Sud bury (Wayland) by letter, to which place he removed, and where he died, 1781, aged sixty-seven. His daughter married Rev. Mr. Bridge, of that place. Mr. Smith was a faithful minister, and was generally success ful in his labors. In 1767, his church numbered 164 members ; 79 males and 85 females. A singular event in Mr. Smith's history occurred in 1777. Some disorderly and wicked people went to his house in the night-time, after he had retired to rest, and discharged two loaded guns into his apartment through the window. It Avas not generally supposed that they intended to take his life. He had become unpopular as a minister, and being suspected of an inclination to the tory cause, it was thought by most people that it was done as an admonition to him to ask a dismission. The town very justly expressed their condemnation of the out rage, by passing the following Resolution and Vote : " Resolved, That the conduct of some ill-minded person, relative to the Rev. Mr. Aaron Smith, as mentioned in the fourth article of the Avarrant, is wicked and villainous, and contrary to the peace and good order of the com munity, and is held in abhorrence by the town. " Voted, To give £100, lawful money, as a reward to any person or per sons who shall discover those persons (in such a manner as they may be brought to legal punishment) Avho wickedly discharged two loaded guns into the lodging-room of Rev. Mr. Smith, or any others who aided or assisted therein." Mr. Smith resided in the old mansion house, now occupied by Mr. William Gibbon. The bullets fired into the house, lodged in a beam, and were a few years ago extracted by Mr. Gibbon, and are carefully preserved. 162 The historian who would paint the spirit of the times, must often present things of trifling importance in themselves, yet going to show not only the manners and customs, but the habits of thought which prevailed among the people. If a will, or an inventory of an estate, speaks of a certain quantity of malt, we at once recognize beer as a beverage in use among the people ; or if a silver spoon is left as a legacy, we know that such articles were (rare at that time, and were regarded as some thing extraordinary. Or if we find on any list of household effects, a trencher, or wooden plates, we turn our mind's eye to the " dresser," or shelves attached to the side of the house, where we behold not only these primitive articles of table fur niture, but pewter platters supplying the place now filled by costly china ware. The warming-pan almost creates a loathing for cold sheets, however fine the texture ; and the trundle-bed naturally creates a wish that the more obtrusive crib had never been invented. The block in the corner, and the form against the Avail, bespeak a sort of self-dependence, which those who rely upon French manufactures can never possess. Many of these things are highly suggestive, and let us at once behind the curtain, where Ave see things as they were. The high-backed settle reminds us of the currents of fresh air which circulate freely through the ceiling, and saves us from the necessity of a rotary motion to prevent our roasting on one side, and freezing on the other, while before the blazing fire, which extends some six feet, and so fills two-thirds of the space between the jambs of the huge fire-place. So the checked apron, with which the matron and her blooming daughters were adorned, carries us through the whole process of domestic man ufacture — the loom, the wheel, the cards, the indispensable vessel in the corner, whose chemical properties, though they could not make white, black, Avould nevertheless put forth their energies tdl all is blue. Or if we turn to the field of the farmer, and see the breadth of his bean culture, we are almost inclined to rush, spoon in hand, to the broad pan or wooden bowl, where steams that solid fluid so congenial to the palate, or to wait the full period of " nine days," that we may partake of the '' best " which the bowl affords. All these things were found in the days of which we are speaking ; and if they do not harmonize with the age when " luxury is straining her low thoughts to 163 form unreal wants," they at least show us that nature's wants are fcAv, and that every condition in life has its enjoyments. Our fathers had customs of a more public nature, Avhich de serve a passing notice. The custom of "warning out of town," prevailed generally in the Province. When a stranger came into town to reside, the person into whose family or tenement he came, was required to give notice to the Selectmen, of the name of the person or persons, the place he came from, his pecuniary circumstances, and the time he came to town. When these facts were known, the town authorities would in their discretion let them remain quietly, or order them to be warned out of town. This precaution was taken to prevent their gaining a settlement, and becoming a public charge. A few specimens from the records will show the practice. " John Bruce gave notice to the Selectmen of his taking into his house Lucy Barney, on the twenty-sixth of June, 1764. Came last from Sudbury ; and she is warned and cautioned as the law directs." " Dr. Samuel Curtis came to town, June, 1769 ; came last from Roxbury. Taken in by widow Dexter." " March 28, 1748. Thomas Brigham notified the Selectmen of his having taken two chddren from Southborough into his house, both minors. John Beals came thirteen days before date, and Elizabeth Beals came six days before date — ^under poor circumstances." These specimens show that no regard was paid to age, char acter, or sex, so far as the notice of coming is concerned ; but in the warning, or "cautioning," a discretion was used. There was a formality in the process of warning out of town, which will appear in the following example. " Middlesex, ss. " To Mr. Joseph Howe, Jr., Constable for the Town of Marlborough, in said County ; Greeting : " In his Majesty's name you are hereby required forthwith to warn the several persons hereafter mentioned, forthwith to depart out of the town of Marlborough, viz., Abraham Carly and Susanna his wife, and their children, viz., Mary, Moses, Joel, Martha and Job ; David Fling ; Amaziah Knight and Jane his wife ; Mrs. Abigail Arhuthnot, and Martha Parminter. And to make inquiry into their circumstances, and from whence they came last to this town ; "Hereof fail not, and make return of this warrant, with your doings thereon, as soon as may be, unto the Select-Men. 164 " Dated at Marlborough, the Third Day of February, Anno Domini One Thousand Seven Hundred and Fifty-five, and in the Twenty-Eighth Year of his Majesty's Reign. John Warren, Sam0el Witt, John Weeks, ) Selectmen. Joseph Howe, Ephraim Brigham, ^ "Middlesex, ss. March 3d, 1755. " In observance of the above Warrant, I have warned all the persons above mentioned forthwith to depart out of this town of Marlborough, ex cepting Mrs. Abigail Arhuthnot, who was not to be found. " Joseph Howe, Jr., Constable. ' " Entered by Samuel Brigham, Town Clerk.'' Such was the formality of our fathers. All instruments were issued in His Majesty's Name. This form was continued in Marlborough, till May, 1776, when the Town Meetings were warned in the Name of the Government and People of Massa chusetts ; and after the adoption of the Constitution, in the " name of the CommouAvealth of Massachusetts." While we are treating of small matters, we will notice a very good custom set forth in language more expressive than classic, in relation to settling the accounts of town ofiicers. A., B. and C. were chosen a committee " to call the Treasurer to account." Another practice, the pernicious effects of which are seen at the present day, long, prevailed in Marlborough ; viz., that of narrowing their roads. Scarcely a Avarrant for a town meeting was issued without an article, ' To see if the town will dispose of any land within the highways, and give a title of the same.' In this way, roads, formerly laid out five or six rods wide, have been made inconveniently narrow. A private record makes the year 1761 rather remarkable, as seen by the following entries : " March 19. There was an earthquake, half an hour past 9 o'clock at night." " October 23. There was a very remarkable wind." " Dandelions were out in full blow, the last end of Septem ber." "November 1. There was an earthquake, half an hour of 8 o'clock at night." "Another remarkable thing this year was, there was no thunder of any value." CHAPTER VIII. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. Spectacle of the Rising of the People — Battle of the Minute-Men — Lexington Monument — Companies from Marlborough on the 19th of April, 1775 — Troops furnished in the Revolution — Manufacture of Saltpetre — Marlbo rough wUI sustain a Declaration of Independence with Life and Fortune — Bounties oifered for Enlistments — Convention at Concord to regulate Prices — Constitution formed — Difficulty in raising Money — Pledge of Stock to the Soldiers — Depreciation of the Currency — Close of the War — Great Sickness — Cold Winter — Dark Day. The American Revolution is one of the most important events in the history of our country ; and as that protracted struggle brought the energies of our whole people into requisi tion, every municipality, certainly in this State, felt its exhaust ing effects. The public mind had been prepared for the crisis ; and when it came, the people showed that they Avere equal to the task of vindicating their rights. We have seen that the patriots of Marlborough had been bred amidst alarms, and had passed through the long and severe discipline of the Indian and French wars ; and in the controversy with Great Britain, they had made the solemn declaration, and published the firm resolve, that they would stand by then brethren in defense of their freedom. They had also backed up their resolutions by organizing themselves for any emergency that might arise. And with men of the stern integrity, indomitable wdl, and unflinching fortitude of our Puritan Fathers, the resolution might safely be taken for the deed. And so it proved in this case. For when the intelligence reached Marlborough, on the 19th of April, 1775, that the British troops had left Boston to destroy the military stores at Concord ; that they had wantonly fired upon the company of Minute-Men at Lexington, and kdled several of their number ; the people at once flew to arms, 22 166 and in a few hours, four companies from Marlborough, consist ing of about one hundred and ninety men, were on the march to the scene of action ; resolved to vindicate the rights of the Colonies, or perish in the attempt. The history of the world does not present a more grand and imposing spectacle than that of the rising of the people, on the 19th of April, 1775. It was not a restless population, gathered by blind impulse, without a definite motive or design ; not a hired soldiery, organized by some bold and daring leader, to avenge some personal wrong, or to embark in some mad scheme of conquest, in which the perds they bore would be repaid by plunder ; nor was it a people goaded to desperation, or reduced to the last stages of despair by the iron heel of despotism, making their last mighty effort to throw off the yoke they could no longer endure ; but it was a cool, voluntary rising of a sedate and orderly, intelligent and conscientious people, who knew their rights, and "knowing dared maintain them"— a people bred to the right of private judgment and the equality of men, and who, seeing in their religious creed the great prin ciples of civil as well as religious liberty, were determined to defend them, Avhenever invaded, or whoever might be the aggressor. It was the spontaneous rising of a people who felt that they were set for the defense of American liberty, and were ready to offer their bodies a living sacrifice in the cause — realizing, as the patriots of Middlesex County had declared the preceding year, " That he can never die too soon, who lays down his life in support of the laws and liberties of his country." With no orders but their own firm resolve, and with no leaders but the high and holy promptings of an enlightened patriotism, they docked to the scene of action, determined to vindicate the great principles of freedom, and the rights of the American Colonies. They had no vain thirst for military glory ; nor did they raUy under any invincible chieftain, Avhose pres ence inspired courage and gave assurance of victory. Neither could they rely on that perfection of discipline, and those im provements in the implements of war, which insure success on the ensanguined field. In all these respects, they knew that the advantage was on the side of the oppressor. But faith in the righteousness of their cause nerved their arm, and their trust in the Lord of Hosts gave them confidence. 167 Such a rising, I repeat, has no parallel in the world's history. Our fathers stood as Minute-Men in all parts of the Province ; resolved to commit no aggression, but to resist the first invasion of their rights. They felt that they Avere destined to freedom ; that they were agents, in the hands of a wise and benignant Providence, to work out, in some manner unknown to them selves, a great good to the race ; and that to secure this glorious end, they must obey the right, and be the faithful depositaries of the freedom committed to their care. Standing in this atti tude, they could not hesitate. They felt that they had a solemn duty to perform, and they must do it — a sacred trust to keep, and they must be faithful, whatever might be the immediate consequence. The battle of the 19th of April was the battle of the Minute- Men. Well then has the idea been conceived, of erecting at the first battle-field of the Revolution, a Monument commemora tive of this rising of the people on the memorable 19th of April, 1775. And nothing could be more appropriate than the figure of a Minute-Man, to represent the very class of men who, with out hope of fee or reward, flocked to the standard of freedom on that occasion. Let the noble enterprise be prosecuted, that those who come after us may see, in enduring bronze, a lively symbol of a class of men who inaugurated a Revolution the happy influence of Avhich has been felt in every quarter of the globe.* Actuated by such motives, four Companies of Minute-Men marched from Marlborough, on the 19th of April, 1775, on hear ing of the march from Boston of the British troops, and of the outrage they had committed on the Green at Lexington ; and it is due to the memories of such men, that their names should go down to posterity. * The people of Lexington and vicinity have formed an Association for the purpose of erecting a Monument at the first battle-field, commemorative of the opening scene of the Revolution. The figure is to be that of a Minute-Man iu bronze, of from fourteen to eighteen feet in height, standing upon a suitable granite pedestal. When it is completed, it will be one of the most tasteful and attractive monuments in America. The officers of the Association embrace some of the first men in the country ; — Edward Everett, President ; and among the Vice Presidents are Robert C. Winthrop, Nathaniel P. Banks, WiUiam P. Fes- senden, Ichabod Goodwin, Roger S. Baldwin, Millard Fillmore, Robert Stockton, Simon Cameron, Thomas Corwin, E. Bockwood Hoar, and others well known to fame. 168 Roll of Capt. Howe's Company, which marched on the 19th of April, 1775, to Cambridge, and were absent from home sixteen days. Nathaniel Bruce, Thomas Goodale, James Priest, Ebenezer Eames, WUliam Brown, Cyprian Howe, Capt. Amasa Cranston, Lieut. Uriah Eager, Ens. Solomon Bowers, Serg. Robert Hunter, " Ebenezer Hager, " William Hager, Matthias Moseman, Josiah Wilkins, John Baker, Abner Goodale, Jabez Bush, Asa Barnes, Hiram Stow, Fortunatus Wheeler, Aaron Eager, Joel Brigham, William Speakman, Francis James, Peter Howe, Ephraim Maynard, Silas Barnes, David Hunter, Joseph Miller, Simon Maynard, Luke Hager, Amos Wait, Adonijah Newton, Jacob Priest, James Bruce, Joel Barnard, Timothy Bruce, Alpheus Morse, Jabez Rice, Jonathan Temple, Jeduthan Alexander, Joseph Baker, Nehemiah Howe, Abner Dunton, Thaddeus Shattuck, Frederick Walcutt, Timothy Darling, Abraham Whitney. Roll of Capt. Brigham's Company, which marched to Cambridge, April 19, 1775, and were in the service from ten to thirty days. William Brigham, Capt. Silas Gates, 1st Lieut. Ithamar Brigham, 2d Lt. Henry Brigham, Serg. Noah Beaman, " Joseph Brigham, " Ichabod Jones, " Thomas Rice, Corp. Ephraim Ward, " Josiah Priest, " Lewis Brigham, " Gershom Rice, Jr. Samuel Eames, Ephraim Wilder, Oliver Hale, Simeon Howe, Ezekiel Clisby, William Loring, Rediat Stewart, Jabez Bent, Jonathan Barnes, Jr. Samuel Howe, Silas Carly, Samuel Ward, Jr. Isaac Morse, James BaU, Frederick Goodnow, John Bagley, Timothy Baker, Ephraim Howe, Abraham Beaman, Robert Horn, Luke Howe, Lovewell Brigham, Reuben Howe, Reuben AVyman, Jonah Newton, Thomas Joslin, Phinehas Howe, Alexander Church, Ithamar Goodnow, George Brigham, Moses Williams, Jr. WUIard Rice, Samuel Howe, Gershom Brigham, Jabez Rice, Abraham Brigham, Abijah Berry. Roll of Capt. Barnes's Company, which marched to Cambridge, April 19, 1775. A portion who went on the 19th, retumed home after a few days, and were succeeded by others — some of whom were in service foHy days. Daniel Barnes, Capt. WiUiam Morse, 1st Lt. Paul Brigham, 2d Lt. John Loring, Serg. Ephraim Baker, " Antipas Brigham, Corp. Jedediah Tainter, " Obadiah Barre, Levi Fay, William Rice, Peter Bent, Jonathan Brigham, James Bowers, John Baker, Jonas Darling, Robert Eames, Abraham Gould,. Elizur Holyoke, Asa Witt, David Wyman, Moses- Barnes, 169 Jonathan Weeks, Ivory Bigelow, Nathan Baker, Daniel Stevens, Isaac Sherman, Benjamin Boyd, Benjamin Howe, Hezekiah Maynard, Elihu Maynard, Stephen Phelps, Daniel Rice, Daniel Robbins, Moses Roberts, Prentice BusseU, Oliver Russell, John Rice, John Rice, Jr. Robert Saintclair, Ephraim Stow, John W. Woods, Francis Walkup, Stephen Felton, Thaddeus Howe, Dudley Hardy, John Lamb, Nahum Newton, Jabez Rice, WiUiam AVilliams, Aaron Wheeler, John Harrington, Francis Morse, Heman Stow, Benjamin Stevens. Silas Gates commanded a company, (perhaps of horse,) com prising men from Marlborough, Northborough, and Southbor ough, which were called out on the Lexington Alarm, April 19, 1775. Elijah Bellows, of Southborough, Avas 1st Lieuten ant, and Joel Rice, of Northborough, Avas 2d Lieutenant of the company. The men from Marlborough were as follows : SUas Gates, Capt. Henry Brigham, Francis Morse, Luke Howe, Thomas WUliams, Asa- Barnes, Benjamin Bartlett, Abraham Beaman, George Brigham, Elisha Barnes, Uriah Brigham, Joel Brewer, Alexander Church, John Dexter, Aaron Eames, Matthias Felton, Abner Goodale, Aaron Howe, Robert Horn, Joel Hager, John KeUey, Joshua Lamb, William Loring, Joseph Maynard, Ashbel Rice, WUliam Goodale, Gershom Rice, Samuel Gates, Quartus Stow, Abraham Howe, Samuel Ward, Moses Williams, Joseph Williams, Jeduthan Wyman, David Hunter. As the organization at that time was imperfect, it is probable that the same individuals, in some cases, belonged to different companies ; and as the companies were in service for different lengths of time, it is probable that some of them, on their com pany's returning home, entered the other company ; this ac- coimts for the same name, in two or three instances, appearing in different companies. It is difficult for us, at this day, to realize the state of things which existed at that period. The spring of 1775 was unusu ally forward. On the morning of the 19th of Aprd, the indus trious farmers of Marlborough were busily engaged in getting in their small grain, or in preparing the earth for planting. Before noon, an express messenger brought the tidings of the 170 movement of the King's troops. The drums beat ; the alarm is sounded; messengers are sent through the toAvnship ; and in two or three short hours, over one hundred and eighty effec tive men drop their implements of toil, seize their muskets, and are on the march for the scene of action ! And though the season was a busy one, which required their immediate and constant labor, they remained from their homes and fam ilies ten, fifteen, twenty, thirty, and even forty days ! And this number of men turned out, on their own motion, from a town of some thirteen hundred inhabitants — being about one-seventh of the entire population ! FoAv, if any towns, situated as Marlborough was, can boast of a more patriotic rally. And though their distance from the scene of action prevented them from joining in the skirmish of that day, their going to Cambridge to watch the motion of the enemy, and remaining there till a sufficient army was organized, shows their devotion to freedom's cause. Nor was this all. Early in the same season, an army of eight months' men was organized. And though the rolls are defective, and full lists cannot now be obtained, the following, officers and men from this town were in the service — ^most of them for eight months that season, and many of them, subse quently, enlisted for three years : Lt. Col. Edward Barnes, Capt. Paul Brigham, " Daniel Barnes, " Amasa Cranston, " SUas Gates, Lieut. Moses Barnes, " AVilliam Morse, " Obadiah Bruce, Simon Adams, Jeduthan Alexander,* Stephen Allen, WUliam Boyd, James Ball, John Baker, James Bowers, Elihu Maynard, Hezekiah Maynard, William Rice, Joseph Miller, Paul Newton, Daniel Rice, John Rice, John Rice, Jr. David Wyman, Peter Bent, Jonathan Brigham, Abraham Brigham, George Bender, Artemas Brigham, Ephraim Barber, Jonas Darling, Robert Eames, Abraham Gould, Frederick Goodnow, Nehemiah Howe, Elizur Holyoke, Obadiah Johnson, John Kidder, Ephraim Simonds, Daniel Robbins, Oliver Russell, John Sawin, Francis Walkup, Asa Witt, John W. Woods, Reuben Wyman, John Wright, Moses Robbins. * He was killed at Bunker HUl, where a portion of the Marlborough men were engaged. They were under the command of Lt. Col. Jonathan Ward and Maj. Edward Barnes, of Marlborough. 171 Marlborough being on the borders of Worcester County, and being partly, at least, organized with towns in that County, the Worcester rolls contain many Marlborough men ; and from them the following list is gleaned : William Brigham, John Barnes, Elisha Barnes, Uriah Brigham, Joel 'Sabbett, SUas Baker, Richard Bradford, Henry Brigham, Asa Barnes, Benjamin Bartlett, Abraham Beaman, George Brigham, David Hunter, Joel Hager, Edward Knapp, William Loring, Francis Measurve, Joseph Newton, Roger Phelps, Ashbel Rice, Joseph Robbins, John Stow, Quartus Stow, Samuel Spofford, David Sale, WiUiam Shield, Robert Scott, WUliam Weeks, David Wait, Asa Witt, John Wiggins, Joseph Williams, Joseph Waters,* Joel Beaman, Alexander Church, John Dexter, Aaron Eames, Jonathan Crosby, Zerubbabel Eager, Matthias Felton, Samuel Hudson, AVUliam Goodale, Samuel Gates, Luke Howe, Aaron Nurse, Robert Horn, Samuel KeUey, Jonathan Lamb, Francis Morse, Samuel McNair, Pomeroy Grove, Joseph Pulling, Gershom Rice, Abraham Howe, Peter Stevenson, Alexander Watson, Thomas Williams, Fortunatus Wheeler, Samuel Ward, Moses WUliams, Jonathan Wyman, Samuel Wyman, Samuel Willard. In 1777, the following men were drafted out of the Marl borough companies of militia, to serve in the Continental army two months : John SaAvin, James Brace, Stephen Baker, James Hunter, Ebenezer Howe, Jacob Priest, Zelotus Whitcomb, Samuel Hunting, John Barnes, Ashbel Rice, Matthias Felton, Reuben Priest, Lovewell Brigham, Jonathan Wyman, Phinehas Rice, Jonas Smith, Eli Goodnow, Theophdus Hardy, Elizur Holyoke, John Fay, John Gott Brigham, Jason Harrington, Joseph Williams, Josiah Newton, Jonas Darling, Robert Eames, and John Harrington. In 1778, Lt. Jonathan Weeks, Abner Dunton, David Hunter, Prentice Russell, Samuel Howe, Jr., John W. Woods, Aaron Eager, and Aaron Brigham, were in service three months. * Waters was a Scotch Highlander, in the English service, and was sent over with others to reinforce Gen. Howe at Boston. The transport arrived after the British left Boston, and was captured. Waters came to Marlborough and enlisted into the American service, aud served in almost every campaign during the war. He married in Marlborough, and after the peace made it his place of abode. He died at an advanced age, retaining, to the day of his death, the air of a soldier. 172 There Avere various campaigns during the war, but the rolls are so confused, imperfect, and defective, that it is exceedingly difficult to classify the Marlborough men who served in thera. Some were called out for short periods. The fodowing men were in different campaigns or expeditions, though they are not perhaps arranged in the exact order of time in which they served : At White Plains were Capt. Amasa Cranston, Edward Wil kins, Abner Goodale, James Gleason, Josiah Wdkins, Tftobert Hunter, Silas Barnes, and Daniel Barnes. Among the nine months' men are found the names of Silas Baker, Josiah Priest, Phmehas Moore, Abner Ward, Reuben Priest, Timothy Rand, and Joseph Johnson. Capt. Moses Barnes was in the service two months, from first of May to first of July, 1779, and had under him, of Marl borough men, Q,uartus Stow, David Brigham, Phinehas Brig ham, Aaron Beaman, William Gates, and Nathan Rice. Among the six months' men Avere Elihu Maynard, David Sale, Alexander Watson, John Stow, WiUiam Weeks, Joseph Johnson, David Wait, Stephen Baker, David Holloway, Samuel Gates, Aaron Brigham, Joseph Robbins, Asa Witt, David Brigham, Paul Brigham, Aaron Beaman, Abraham Stow, Joshua BaUey, Joseph Waters, Joseph Newton, Roger Phelps, Zerubbabel Eager. There were in service in Rhode Island, the following men from Marlborough : Jacob Brown, WUliam Dawson, Joseph Waters, Thomas WiUiams, Uriah Eager, Elihu Maynard, Abraham Stow, Alexander Watson, Daniel Brigham, John Gates, Israel Brown, Israel Greenleaf, Putnam Phelps, Jonas Wilkins, Moses Eames, Paul Brigham, David HoUoway, Moses Williams, Winslow Stow, Morris Clary, Silas Gates, Jr. WiUiam Gates, Aaron Eager, Stephen Eager, Samuel Gates, Aaron Beaman, Joseph Robbins, Jotham Bayley, David Wait, Samuel Brigham, Jonathan Goodnow, SUas WUson, WUliam Rice, Lovewell Brigham, William Weeks, Tolman Howe, Roger Phelpg, Asa Witt, Aaron Brigham, Stephen Brigham, David Greenleaf, Abraham Priest. 173 In the expedition to Claverack, in 1780, under Capt. Amasa Cranston, were Alexander Watson, Ephraim Jewell, Nathan Rice, Samuel Dunton, Aaron Brigham, William Goodale, Silas Baker, Noah Beaman, John Dunn. Jr. In the three months' service in 1780, there were William Cory, Gardner Howe, Stephen Smith, Solomon Howe, Eber Keyes, Caleb Parker, Daniel Harrington, John Dunn, Joseph Temple, John Jennison, Adam Harrington, Samuel Dunton, Aaron Brigham, Noah Beaman, Silas Stow. But the most important list, because they were in the service longest, remains to be named. The following enlisted for three years, or during the Avar, and most of them served the full term, or till they were discharged. These men served a longer term than others, were subjected to greater hardships, and by the depreciation of the continental money received the least compensation for their service. Some of them were enrolled during the whole of the war, and fought upon almost every battle-field in the country. They generally received a small bounty on enlistment. The division generally known was that of First Three Years' Men, and the Last Three Years' Men. The following, as far as has been ascertained, is a list of the First Three Years' Men — though it should be remembered that some of them enlisted " during the war.' Francis Jones, Nathaniel Brown, Ephraim Wilder, Reuben WUder, Samuel Gates, WiUiam H. Woods, Luke Howe, Moses WUliams, Joseph AVeeks, Elias AVitt, Dana Newton, Isaac Procter, David Sale, David Wyman, Jedediah Maynard, William Mercer, Elias Morse, John Maeoanella, Timothy Johnson, EU Howe, Stephen Hudson, Charles Hudson,* Samuel Russ, James Whitney, WUliam Rice, Elisha Austin, Peter Little, Francis Soames, Stephen Phelps, John Baker, Phinehas Morse, Joseph Johnson, Jonathan Wiggins, * Charles Hudson was killed by our own men. He was out in a scouting party near the enemy, when fears were entertained for their safety, and another party was sent out for their protection. Night came on, and the last party hearing the approach of troops, and supposing them to be the enemy, secreted themselves, and on their near approach fired upon them, killing Charles Hudson and another of the first- named party, before they discovered their mistake. 23 174 Joseph Miller, David Harris, Josiah Priest, Reuben Priest, James Mahew, David HiU, John Dunn, Thomas Baker, Alexander Crawford, WUliam Fosdick, Abner Smith, John Cain, Jonathan Pollard, Enoch Kidder, Joseph Waters, Jacob Groun, Jonah Newton, Joseph Newton, Samuel Little, Stephen RusseU, Zerubbabel Eager, John Dexter, Jonathan Dexter, Nathan Pratt, John Rice, Silas Sawin, AVilliam Walker, John Newton, Levi Fletcher, Job Spaulding, Samuel Ditson, Thomas Ditson, Reuben AVyman, Thomas C. Ridgeway, Josiah BaUey, Thomas Greenough, James Edy, John Gilliard, Silas Harthorn, WUliam Messer, Thomas Ridgeway, James Parker, Dean Wyman, Andrew Kettle, Patrick Mahony, Peter WiUard, Joseph Dawson, Robert Mansfield, William Bice, John Johnson, Samuel French, Charles Benjean, John Denmark, John Ansel, Jonathan Newton, John B. Torrey, Samuel Fletcher, Benjamin Roberts, Prentice Russell. Among the Last Three Years' Men, are the following, sup plied by Marlborough : William Goodale, Ephraim Newton, Jonathan Crosby, William Bigelow, Joseph Waters, Peter Stevenson, Samuel Spoiford, Israel Greenleaf, John Barnes, Benjamin Gould, Richard Wyman, Abel Ray, Aaron Brigham, Job Spaulding, John Rice, Joel Bartlett, Francis Menford, John Gates, Samuel McNair, Silas Baker, Edward Knapp, Robert Scott, WUliam Shield, Samuel Wyman, Samuel WUIard, Thomas Joslin, John Newton, Stephen Phelps. During the whole period of the Revolution, the toAvn of Marlborough took an active part in the contest, and, like other towns at that period, strained every nerve to supply her quota of troops, and to bear her share of the burdens of the war. She had defined her position before the contest commenced, was represented in the first Provincial Congress by Peter Bent, Ed ward Barnes, and George Brigham, and by Peter Bent in the second and third ; she had organized her Minute-Men, and had supplied her stock of arms and ammunition as best she could; and during the war had furnished a pretty formidable list of men. But such aid as she had afforded, cost her a severe effort. In addition to the encouragement offered by the Government, the town, by bounties of her own, encouraged enlistments. 175 In March, 1776, the town chose a committee of seven of their prominent men, " to devise Avays and means for the manufac turing of saltpetre in private families ; " as preparatory to the manufacture of gunpowder. At a meeting held May 28, 1776, the toAvn voted, " That if the Honorable Continental Congress shall, for the safety of the United Colonies, declare them inde pendent of the Kingdom of Great Britain, we, the inhabitants of Marlborough, Avill solemnly engage, Avith our lives and for tunes, to support them in the measure." Not only the toAvn of Marlborough, but almost every toAvn in the Province, passed in a solemn manner upon this subject. It Avould create a smile, at this day, for a town of a few hundred inhabitants to pass upon vast questions of national concernment. But at that day, Avith the true democratic spirit, our public men desired to obtain the sense of tdese little municipalities. And well they might. For at that period the toAvn meeting Avas the forum where all political questions Avere discussed. In fact, it was in these little democracies that the seeds of liberty were first soAvn. Here the people of New England, from the first, were in the habit of dis cussing all questions, and passing upon every subject in Avhich they felt an interest. The influence of such gatherings was so obvious, that the Crown attempted to prohibit them ; but the people persevered in holding them, and making them the arena of political discussion. In 1776, the town voted " to give to every soldier that enlists to go to Canada, seven pounds as a bounty, or twelve pounds as a hire, exclusive of the Court's bounty, as the person that shall enlist shall choose." In March, 1777, the town voted " to give each soldier that shall enlist to serve in the Continental army the term of three years, or during the war, for this town, the sum of forty pounds as soon as they shall pass muster." They also empowered the Treasurer to borrow, in behalf of the tOAvn, such a sum as should be necessary to pay the soldiers thus enlisted. At a meeting, December 4, 1777, voted " to leave it with the Selectmen to supply the families of such non-commissioned officers and soldiers, as have engaged in the Continental army from this town." In January, 1778, at a town meeting, " Heard the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union between the United States 176 of America — empowered the Representatives to act and do as they shall judge most for the advantage of this and the United States, relative to that matter." At a meeting held March, 1778, " Voted to provide 32 pairs of stockings, 16 pairs of shoes, 16 pairs of breeches, and 32 shirts for the soldiers; and that the Selectmen provide them, and send them as soon as may be upon the town's cost." At a meeting held May, 1778, to act upon the subject of a new Frame of Government, the record reads as follows : " After hearing the Constitution and Form of Govemment read, and Debates upon it — seventy-six voters present at the meeting — thirty-four were for approving and forty-two for disapproving of the Form of Govemment." So the town, as far as their vote Avas concerned, rejected the proposed Constitution ; and in this respect their voice was in harmony with that of the State. Additional troops having been called for, the town, at a meet ing held May, 1778, " Voted, To give to each soldier that shall enlist before the ISth instant, to serve in the Continental army for the term of nine months, to do a turn for himself, thirty pounds as a bounty, and eight pounds per month wages for the time he shall serve in the army, over and above what the Continent gives." " Voted, To give each soldier that shall enlist by the 15th instant, to serve in the militia and do duty at Peekskill, to do a turn for himself, twenty pounds as a bounty, and four pounds per month wages, over and above what the Continent and State give." The meeting was then adjourned to the 15th instant, when it was found that the requisite number of men had not been obtained for the nine months' service ; Avhereupon it was " Voted, To give to each of the above named soldiers that shall enlist before next Monday, at five o'clock, P. M., one hundred and sixty pounds to do a turn for the town, or if either of them choose to do a turn for them selves, then the town shall give them forty pounds as a bounty, and ten pounds per month wages, if they shall enlist before five o'clock next Monday afternoon, to serve in the Continental army nine months. " Voted, That the ofiicers go to the Town Treasurer for the money to pay the soldiers for their bounty and hire, and that the Town Treasurer borrow the money upon the town's credit." In order to understand the expression of ' doing a turn for themselves,' or for the town, it is necessary to know that such 177 Avas the difficulty in obtaining soldiers, that they resorted to drafts, and in some toAvns a system of conscription Avas resorted to, as the only means of sustaining the army. The citizens Avere divided into classes, according to the valuation, and amount of taxes paid by the individuals. Each class Avas required to furnish a man, and provide for his Avages and support. Each member contributed according to his property, and all delin quents were returned to the Assessors, and the sum due was included in his next tax. When an individual did a turn of duty for himself, he was excused from payment and exempt from draft tdl all others had been called out. In Marlborough, hoAvever, they had recourse only to drafts, where the same rotation existed. Numerous calls were made for troops, and it was found almost impossible to obtain them. Not, hoAvever, for the Avant of patriotism on the part of the men, so much as the Avant of abdity m the Government to subsist and pay them. The toAvn made a great effort to obtain her quota of men, by offering bounties in addition to the govemment pay ; but the deprecia tion of the currency rendered the large bounties offered of but small value. Consequently, it Avas found necessary to graduate the bounty upon something more stable than a constantly de preciating paper currency. The following action of the town wdl shoAv the expedients to Avhich the public were driven. At a meeting held June 21, 1779, the record reads thus : " Heard the Resolves of the Great and General Court of the 8th and 9th instant, for .raising a reinforcement to the army. " Voted, To give each man that shall enlist, or his legal representative, if he should die in the service, forly shillings per month, to be paid in pro duce of this country, in beef at twenty shillings p'er hundred, and Indian corn at three shillings per bushel, or as much money as shall purchase said produce, including their wages due from the Continent and State. The above to be paid at the expiration of their service — they producing a certifi cate from the commanding officer, that they have been regularly discharged. And if the men do not turn out for the above encouragement in two days, then the officers draft according to the orders of the General Court; and if any man is drafted, and will go, he shall be entitled to the forty shillings per month, as set forth above. Each man engaged for the above encourage ment, is considered as doing his turn. " Voted, That sixty pounds be advanced by the Town Treasurer to each man, before he marches, who engages in the Continental service for nine months, which is to he deducted at the final settlement. 178 " Voted, That the Treasurer be empowered to borrow the money for three months, on the credit of the town." It Avould seem, by the face of the record, that ample provis ion was made for filling up the army. A liberal bounty was offered, and the Treasurer was empowered to borrow the requi- sde sum on the credit of the town. But the fact was, the toAvns at that day had little or no credit ; and money was so scarce, that it could hardly be obtained on the most undoubted security. The scarcity of money enabled the sharpers who happened to hold it, to speculate upon the distress of the com munity, and to extort almost any rate they chose for the use of their money. Nor Avas this grasping spirit confined to the money-holders. Those who produced, or held the necessa ries of life, came in for their share of profits ; and so deranged Avas the Avhole system of prices, and so great Avere the abuses at that time, that the people demanded a reformation. Congress had suggested the propriety of some action on the subject, and in Massachusetts a Convention assembled at Concord, for the purpose of taking the whole subject into consideration, and establishing a system of prices at which the necessaries of life and other articles shoidd be sold. Marlborough was repre sented in that Convention by Col. EdAvard Barnes and Samuel Curtis, Esq. This Convention met in July, and fixed a scale of prices for goods, Avares, and merchandise, and also for articles of produce, and the wages of labor. They also proposed another Conven tion, to meet in October, Avhich reported more in detail. This report or plan, Avas adopted by the people of Marlborough, and a committee consisting of Capt. W. Brigham, Ithamar Brigham, Hezekiah Maynard, Dr. Curtis, Munning Sawin, Jonathan Temple, John Loring, Joseph Arnold, Peter Wood, Capt. Gates, Thaddeus Howe, Winslow Brigham, and Wdliam Boyd, Avas chosen to regulate the price of merchandise, produce, (fcc. &c. This committee submitted their list of prices at the next meeting, which was adopted by the toAvn. Unfortunately their report is not upon the records or files of Marlborough. From the files of another town in the county, hoAvever, we glean the following, as the price of certain articles, &c., as agreed upon by the convention. 179 West India rum, £6 9s. per gall. ; N. E. rum, £4 16s. per gall. ; coffee, I8s. per lb. ; molasses, £4 15s. per gall. ; brown sugar from 10s. to 14s. per lb. ; Bobea tea, £5 16s. per lb. ; salt, £10 8s. per bushel. Indian corn, £4 4s. per bushel ; rye, £5 lOs. per bush. ; wheat, £8 lOs. per bush. ; beef, 5s. 2d. per lb. ; mutton, lamb and veal, 4s. per lb. ; butter, 12s. per lb. ; cheese, best quality, 6s. per lb. ; hay, 30s. per cwt. ; sheep's wool, 24s. per lb. ; flax, 12s. per lb. Yard wide tow cloth, 24s. per yd. ; cotton do., 36s. per yd. ; men's shoes, £6 per pair; women's do., £6. For weaving tow cloth, yard wide, 4s.; cotton, 4s. 6d. ; and wool do., 6s. per yd. Carpenters, per day's work, 60s. ; masons, do., 60s. ; common laborers, 48s. in summer. Flip, W. I., per mug, 15s. ; flip, N. E., 12s. ; toddy in proportion. Extra good dinner, 20s. ; common do., 12s. Best supper and breakfast, 15s. ; com mon do., 12s. Horse-keeping 24 hours, at hay, 15s, ; grass, 10s. This selection from a great variety of articles, will shoAV their relative value ; and as a pound, or twenty shillings, was at that time Avorth about eleven pence in silver, the real value can easily be calculated. The people at this day would hardly be willing to Avork in the summer season for thirty-five cents per day, and pay for Bohea tea ninety-three cents per pound. The town subsequently chose a committee to carry the report into effect. On the 22d of May, 1780, the Constitution and Frame of Govemment came before the town for its adoption or rejection, and it was adopted almost unanimously — 75 to 7. But the great subject Avhich pressed most heavily upon the people, was the carrying on of the war. The term of the first three years' men had expired, and but few were disposed to re-enter the service. The Continental Congress called for large reinforcements to the army. Massachusetts, the first to com mence the glorious struggle, held herself ready to supply her quota of men ; she called upon the towns, which Avere dis posed to respond promptly. But their resources were nearly exhausted. Patriotic citizens Avere ready to enlist, if they could be clothed and fed and paid. But the credit of the State was impaired ; and the toAvns were almost on the eve of bank ruptcy. Marlborough had, from time to time, empowered her Treasurer to borrow money ; but money could not be had in sufficient quantities to meet the drains upon the treasury. They called upon individual citizens to loan small sums, with a provision that the town security given would be taken in 180 payment of their next tax. This gave a Httle temporary relief; but it was only putting off the evil day. In the mean time, noAV demands for men, and clothing, and provisions for the army were made. The toAvn was called upon to supply its quota of three years' men. But the deplorable state of the currency was such, that the soldiers would not take it. As a class they had suffered more than any other, from the depreciation of the currency, and they were unwilling to re- enlist. A large committee Avas chosen to procure the men, but they could not succeed. An effort Avas made to adopt a system of conscription, Avhich had been authorized by the State, and adopted in some of the towns ; but it was voted down. As the last resort, they repudiated the sinking currency, and adopted a growing one, as will be seen by the following vote. " At a meeting held February 12, 178I, Voted, To give as a bounty to each man that shall engage in the Continental army, during the war, twenty steers three years old, or in lieu of each steer, fourteen hard dollars, and to be paid to the men that shall engage, one-third part at the time of their passing muster, and the other two-thirds, one-half in one year from the time they shall engage, and the other half in two years from the time they shall so engage. " Also Voted, To give as a bounty to each man that shall engage in the Continental army for three years, twenty steers three years old, and to be paid to each man as follows : four steers at the time of his passing muster, and sixteen steers at the expiration of three years, unless sooner discharged ; and in that case to he paid in proportion. The above steers to be estimated at fifteen dollars each." We can hardly realize the destitution of the people at that time in almost every means necessary to prosecute a war. Not only Avas there a great scarcity of money, the sinews of war, but of almost every thing that is needful to carry on a campaign. Blankets, so essential to the comfort and health of the soldier, could hardly be obtained in the country in quantities sufficient to supply the men. Camp-kettles were scarce, and difficult to be obtained. PoAvder, that all-important article in war, was so hard to be procured that it had to be used very sparingly ; and in some cases, battles Avere lost for the Avant of a supply. And even lead was so difficult to be obtained, that many articles of household convenience, such as plates, and pomngers, and spoons, were melted up for bullets ; and those who had leaden 181 weights to their windows, or any other articles of lead, were publicly called upon to deliver them to the authorities, that the army might be supplied Avith ammunition. But the great cause of the embarrassment Avas the scarcity of the precious metals. There was, at the commencement of the Revolution, but little coin in the country, and this induced an issue of paper, which shared the fate of all paper issues Avhen not founded upon a metallic basis. This paper and con tinental money depreciated, till it became almost, if not quite valueless. In June, 1780, the town of Marlborough voted to give, as a bounty to every soldier Avho would enlist for six months, three thousand dollars. The same year the town appro priated £50,000 for their ordinary town expenses ; and this Avas only to eke ont a modest little grant of £100,000 made earlier the same season. Such grants will cast light upon the report of a committee to setde with the Town Treasurer for the year 1780. The com mittee report, We find the Treasurer charged with We find he has paid out Outstanding money in Constable's hands. Counterfeit money in the Treasury, Money in the Treasury, £ s. 212,129 7 d. 4 qr. 2 144,442 11 67,591 18 68 0 28 17 6 604 22 02 Which makes the sum with which he is charged £212,129 7 4 2 Such a depreciation in the circulating medium Avould at any time produce a great derangement in business, destroy confi dence, and bring about a state of confusion in the transactions of life. And when we consider that this took place in the midst of the exhausting war of the Revolution, we are surprised that our fathers sustained themselves as well as they did. As this element of depreciation in the paper currency of that day, is hiterwoven with almost every business transaction, pub lic or private, it becomes important that we should understand the origin of these paper issues, and the causes of their depre ciation. The unsuccessful expedition against Canada in 1690, involved the Province in a heavy debt. To meet this demand, bdls of credit were- issued for one year. These were punctually redeemed till 1704, when the expenses of calamitous Avars 24 182 induced the General Court to defer the payment, first for two years, and afterwards for a longer term. About 1714, the sub ject of currency attracted considerable attention. Some were for returning to a specie currency ; others, for a land bank ; and others, for the Province loaning its credit to the towns, and thence in small sums to the inhabitants on interest. This latter scheme prevaded, and £50,000 were issued and passed over to the towns, in proportion to their share of the public tax. The sums thus apportioned to the towns, were intrusted to trustees appointed by the towns, to be loaned out in small sums to indi viduals, Avho were to repay it at stated times with interest, and this interest was to be appropriated to defray the public ex penses. But these bills were constantly undergoing a depreciation. In 1702, an ounce of sdver Avould buy of these bills 6s. lO^d. • in 1705, 7s.; in 1713, 8s. ; in 1716, 9s. 3d. ; in 1717, 12s.; in 1722, 14s.; in 1728, 18s.; in 1730, 20s.; in 1737,26s.; in 1741, 28s. ; in 1749, 60s. Another scheme was projected, to support a paper currency by silver coin, viz. — a loan of £60,000 to be deposited with the towns, as in the other case, but to be repaid in specie. To extinguish this paper currency, which had become exceed ingly oppressive, the home Government interposed, and Parlia ment, knowing that this paper had been issued to carry on the wars of Great Britain against the French and Indians, passed an act for reimbursing the Colonies in specie. The General Court provided by law for the rate at which these bills of credit should be redeemed ; and fixed it at about one-fifth less than their lowest current value ; that is, at fifty shillings for an ounce of silver, which was valued at 6s. 8d., or an English crown. This was the origin of the " Old Tenor " reckoning — fifty shiUings of paper equal to an ounce of silver, or 6s. 8d. As the design of this law was the abolition of the paper cur rency, and as the grant of Parliament was insufficient to redeem the whole mass of paper that the Province had issued, the remainder was liquidated by a tax of £75,000, payable in bills, at the above rate of fifty shillings in bdls for 6s. 8d. in specie. All future debts, after March 31, 1750, it was enacted, should be understood to be contracted on the specie basis of 6s. 8d. per ounce of sdver. This was the origin of what has been known 183 as "lawful money;" three ounces of sdver being equivalent to £1, or 20 shillings. This restored the currency to a metaUic basis, and a uniform permanent value. Having passed this crisis of depreciation, the people enjoyed a sound and uniform circulating medium, for more than twenty years. But the breaking out of hostilities Avith the mother country, imposed a new obligation upon the Province. War had com menced, and means must be supplied to carry it on. Conse quently the Provincial Congress, in May, 1775, empowered the ' Treasurer to borrow one hundred thousand pounds, laAvful money, secured by notes of the Province, at six per cent, and made payable June 1, 1777. They also desired the other Colonies to give currency to such securities. At the same time they commended this subject to the consideration of the Conti nental Congress. The Treasurer was required to issue no notes of a less denomination than £4 ; but it Avas found necessary, to meet the wants of the army, to have notes of a less denomination ; and the Provincial Congress empoAvered the Treasurer to issue notes of six, nine, ten, twelve, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, eighteen and twenty shillings — this emission not to exceed £26,000. Almost simultaneously with these issues by the State, Continental bills were issued by the General Govern ment. For the first year these bills circulated freely, and were readily exchanged for cash. But the contmued issue of such bills by the state and the nation, and the fact that they had no specie to redeem them ; the dubious prospect of the result of the war, and the general exhaustion of the community ; tended to depreciate their value. Add to this, the British oflacers and the adherents of the royal cause in the midst of us, took every opportimity, and had recourse to every means, to impair the value of this paper. They represented, and with too much truth, that the Conti nental Congress had no means by which to redeem their bills ; and with great injustice asserted that they never intended to provide for their redemption. Under the influence of these causes, this paper money gradually sunk in value, till it required about seventy-five pounds in paper to procure one in specie. Such a reduction in the value of the circulating medium^ 184 wrought great injustice, especially towards those who subsisted on a salary, or labored for stated pay, fixed beforehand. Many clergymen found, by sad experience, that the salary which, at their settlement, Avas deemed sufficient, would hardly save them from starvation ; and the poor soldiers who enlisted at govern ment Avages, for three years, found their wages hardly worth receiving, as will be seen by the folloAving scale of deprecia tion. A Table showing fhe Depreciation of Paper Money, from January 1, 1777, fo January 1, 1781, inclusive ; in which the value of £1, or 20 shillings in paper, will be seen for each month during the whole period. Year. Month. s. d. qr. Year Month. s. d. qr 1777 January . . 19 0 2 1779 January . .281 " February . . . 18 8 3 u February . .232 " March . . . 18 4 0 ii March . . . .200 " April . . . . 17 10 I (( April . . . . .19 3 " May . . . . 17 5 3 a May . . . . .17 3 " June . . . . 16 8 0 (( June . . . . .15 3 " July . . . . 16 0 0 u July . . . . .14 3 " August . . . 13 4 0 u August . . . .12 3 " September . II 5 0 u September . .111 " October. . . 7 3 0 u October . . II 3 " November . 6 8 0 (C November . 10 3 " December . 6 5 I u December . 9 I 1778 January . . 6 I 1 1780 January . . 8 0 " February - . . 5 8 2 a February . . 7 I " March . . . 5 4 0 u March . . . 6 1 " April . . . . 5 0 0 £C April . . . . 6 0 " May . . . . 5 0 0 (( May . . . . 5 3 " June . . . . 5 0 0 a June . . . . 5 3 " July . . . . 4 8 1 u July . . . . 3 I " August . . . . 4 4 3 a August . . . 3 I " September . 4 2 2 CC September . 3 I " October. . . . 4 0 0 ii October. . . 3 1 " November . . 3 8 0 CC November . 3 I " December . 3 1 3 CC December . 3 I 1781 January . . 3 1 The above scale of depreciation will enable us, at any period during these years, to estimate the worth in specie, or lawful money, of the paper currency then in circulation. It may not be amiss to state, that what was so embarrassing in 185 Massachusetts, was still more so in all the States south of the Potomac, Avhere little or nothing was done to sustain the credit of the country ; and where, during the whole period of the Revolution, Massachusetts did more for the nation, in men and money, than any other State. By an official report from the Treasury Department at Washington, made in 1790, it appears that the amount of money, including paper reduced to its specie value, Avhich had been received by and paid to the several States by Congress, from the commencement of the Revolution, was as follows : States. Paid to State. Received from State. NeAV Hampshire I 440,974 $ 466,554 Massachusetts 1,245,737 3,167,020 Rhode Island 1,028,511 310,395 Connecticut 1,016,273 1,607,259 New York 822,803 1,545,889 New Jersey 336,729 512,916 Pennsylvania 2,087,276 2,629,410 Delaware 63,817 208,878 Maryland 609,617 945,537 Virginia 482,881 1,965,811 North Carolina 788,031 219,835 South Carolina 1,014,808 . 499,325 Georgia 679,412 122,744 Thus it Avdl be seen, that whde Massachusetts paid into the Continental treasury, during the Revolution, $1,921,283 more .than she received back, the five States of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, paid only $178,503 more than they received ; so that Massachusetts, in fact, con tributed a balance toward the support of the Avar more than ten times as great as the five States mentioned ! In this burden upon Massachusetts, Marlborough, and all other toAvns in the State bore their share. No Avonder the soldiers Avere unwilling to enlist at govern ment prices, when, before the term for which they Avere engaged should expire, their Avages would become valueless. No wonder, with such a circulating medium, that all confidence was impaired, and the whole community was thrown into an embarrassed state. With hostde fleets upon our coast, and 186 hostile armies upon our sod ; with a feeble army, whose term of enlistment was about to expire ; and with crippled resources and a worthless currency, which could not command the services of new recruits, their condition was truly gloomy, The war had called so many able-bodied men from the cultiva tion of the sod, that the annual product was gready reduced ; and what was raised was, to a considerable extent, produced by the labor of the AVomen and children. But under all these embarrassments, the people sustained the country, and their resolution to be free carried them through victorious. The surrender of Cornwallis sent a thrdl of joy through the great heart of the nation, and the treaty of 1783 gave rest to the people. We have seen that during the Avhole of the war, Marl borough furnished a large number of men. How many were lost in the service we have no means of ascertaining. Other events, of local interest, occurred during the period covered by the Revolution, which require a passing notice. In 1775, the dysentery prevailed in town to an alarming degree, especially among children, and proved signally fatal. In three histances, four persons were buried in one day, and nine teen in one week. Almost every family was called to mourning. Ivory Bigelow lost three children ; Samuel Hunting, three ; Paul Brigham, three ; and many others, two each. This was the most destructive epidemic which ever visited the town. Some idea of the mortality may be formed from the fact, that the number of deaths in 1775 was 78 ; while the average for the four preceding years was only 22, and the average for the four following years was but 28. The winter of 1780 was remarkable for its severity and the depth of snow. The streams and springs, upon which many families depended for water, were so completely closed by ice and buried in snow, that they were obliged to melt snow for household purposes, and in some cases to water then cattle. The depth of snow prevented their getting into the woods with their teams, and many families were supplied with fuel by drawing it to their houses on hand-sleds, in paths upon the snow made by rackets or snow-shoes. Hay in some places was so scarce that some farmers were compelled to feed their stock 187 upon brouse ; and Avhere the woods were remote from their barns, the boughs were frequently drawn like the wood, upon a hand-sled, and fed out to the cattle. Instances occurred in Marlborough, where, in cases of death, the corpse Avas draAvn several miles to the place of burial on snow-shoes, the roads being otherwise impassable by reason of snoAv. This year is also memorable for a day of unusual darkness, which extended throughout New England. On the 19th of May, between the hours of ten and eleven, with the wind at the south-west, the clouds appeared to be charged with a thick, yellowish vapor, which spread over the whole heavens, shut ting out, to a remarkable degree, the light of day. The dark ness was so great that persons were unable to read common print, or to manage their domestic affairs, without artificial light. " Candles were lighted up in the houses ; the birds, having sung their evening songs, disappeared and became sdent ; the foAvls retired to roost ; the cocks were crowing all around, as at break of day ; objects could not be distinguished but at a very little distance ; and everything bore the appear ance and gloom of night." The winter of " the year '80," and " Dark Day," were sub jects of frequent remark by the generation that has passed off the stage. CHAPTER IX. THE STATE OF THINGS AFTER THE REVOLUTION. Pecuniary Embarrassment — Shays' Rebellion — Resolutions and Instructions to Representatives — Wise Statesmanship — Return of Tories agitated- Further Instructions to Representatives — Difficulties in settling a Minister — Mr. Packard settled — His Labors and Sentiments — New Meetmg- Houses — West Parish incorporated — Succession of Clergymen — Methodist Society — Universalist Society — Baptist Society — Catholic Society. The close of the war left the people in peace, but at the same time in a state of exhaustion. The great struggle for freedom was over. Great Britain had discovered her folly too late, and was compelled to acknowledge our Independence. We were a free people. But with our freedom came new responsibilities and new embarrassments. The financial diffi culties which were among the greatest obstacles to the prosecu tion of the' war, during the last years of its continuance, did not cease with the return of peace. The National Treasury, if such a thing ever existed, was empty. The State had nearly exhausted its resources. The towns were groaning under a weight of debt. Individuals were involved in pecuniary em barrassments. And while these evils were pressing like an incubus upon the community, the pressure of an outward enemy and the stimulus of anticipated success — causes which had made the people bear and forbear — were removed, and they were left to realize their destitute condition. The soldiers who had so gallantly served their country, retumed penniless to their homes, in some cases with impaired health, and in cases more numerous with the habits of the camp, which poorly qualified them for the duties of industrious citizens. Many were discharged Avithout -pay, or with depre ciated paper, a month's earnings of which would scarcely pur chase a meal of victuals or a night's lodging ; and Avere jusdy 189 clamorous in their demands for remuneration for their services. Many of the farmers, comparatively rich in broad acres, were destitute of money, or any thing Avhich coidd command it. Many sharpers in the community, who had demands upon others, were disposed to exact the uttermost farthing, or were exorbitant in their demands, in case delay of payment Avas granted. These causes pressed so heavily upon the people, that the effects of the war seemed more distressing than the war itself These evils embarrassed the action of every toAvii, and threatened, for a time, to overwhelm the community in ruin. Feeling the weight of these burdens, but not realizing their true causes, many people felt jealous of their neighbors, and charged upon them the burdens Avhich grcAV out of causes over which no one had any control. This only aggravated the evils under which all classes were groaning. Constables, who in those days were collectors of taxes, were urged to make immediate collections, especially of those who were already in arrears for previous taxes. But these officers, though clothed Avith the authority of laAv, were in a manner powerless. Prop erty was taken, and offered for sale in payment of taxes, and Avas bid off at a mere nominal sum, if indeed a bidder could be found ; and in some cases Avarrants Avere issued, and constables were arrested for not collecting and paying over to the State Treasurer the sum thus assessed upon the towns. These diffi culties and embarrassments were felt by Marlborough, in com mon with other towns ; and they are stated here as a part of the history of the times, that the present generation may realize the price our fathers paid for freedom. I cannot better describe this general embarrassment and dis tress, than by giving a case which occurred in Marlborough, in the very language of one of her distinguished citizens, who filled the office of constable.* " About one thousand pounds, in hard money, I had to collect from one- fourth of the town, and a circumstance which rendered it difficult for me was, that most of the people in my part of the town were behind in settling with the last preceding collector ; and it appeared to me, there was not then money in possession or at command among the people in my quarter of the town, to discharge the taxes I then had to collect. And what Would « Peter Wood, Esq. 25 190 have been the result, if I at first had made distress, I cannot say. But it was well known how I succeeded when I did make the attempt. « Previous to my making distress, I followed the people, by night and by day, with solicitations and threats ; but in vain. At length I took by. dis tress, agreeably to law, to the value of about one hundred pounds, the prop erty of those whose tuxes were due, and exposed it to sale at vendue ; but could not sell it. And it appeared that there was a previous determination among the people to prevent property being taken and sold in that way, for the payment of taxes ; consequently I had, as I then found, for the want of a higher bidder, to strike off' a yoke of oxen, said to be worth fifty dollars, at one shilling ; and a cow said to be worth fifteen dollars, at six pence. Thus finding myself unable to raise the money in that way, as I then thought, I returned the property to the persons from whom I had taken it— one yoke of oxen excepted. And I then being pursued by an execution in an officer's hands, and being deceived by the people and drove to extremity, and finding (as I then thought) no other alternative, I submitted to go to gaol ; which was attended and followed with such expense and loss as I am unable to bear." This is but a picture of what existed at the close of the Rev olution. The war debt, the state of the currency, and the general derangement of business of all kinds ; the want of con fidence in the community ; the apparent indifference of some to their pecuniary obligations, and the exorbitant exactions of others ; the multiplicity of suits and the apparent if not real and unnecessary delays in the courts of justice ; the false notions entertained by some that the freedom they had acquired by Avar, gave them a universal license in peace ; these and similar evils incident to the transition state through Avhich they were passing, proved quite as trying as the war itself; and Avere a necessary part of that discipline, requisite to fit the people for the permanent enjoyment of liberty regulated by law. The General Court attempted to relieve these embarrass ments, but their efforts Avere attended with but partial success. Though the evils were such as the Legislature could not cure, the people who felt the oppressive burdens, Avould naturally charge the fault upon somebody. The CommouAvealth was iu commotion ; conventions Avere called ; resistance to the laws threatened : and an actual insurrection was inaugurated. Marl borough does not appear to have taken any prominent part iu these movements. But although not ultra, she partook of the common feeling, and expressed her opinions in a public manner. 191 At a meeting legally Avarned, September 25, 1786, they instmcted Col. EdAvard Barnes, their Representative, as follows : "Many towns in this Commonwealth did not send Representatives to the General Court this year, whereby, as we conceive, there is an undue balance of power and interest, as appears by some votes, and by these will be an unequal taxation ; that is, the farmers will be greatly distressed, while the merchants may riot in grandeur and luxury ; for while the former hath attended to his farm, the merchant hath speculated in public securities, and is now endeavoring to establish funds to receive twenty shillings for that which cost them about two shillings and six pence, and the farmer to be chiefly taxed for the payment thereof. While the Great and General Court sits in the town of Boston, are not many of the Representatives of the several country towns often found attending to their own private business, when they ought to attend to the public's only ; and also being exposed to that undue influence of crafty and designing men, or their counsels — which last- mentioned reason Congress offered for their removal — shall not we be as jealous of our Representatives as Congress were of themselves ? " We therefore instruct you to use your endeavors and influence to have said Court removed to some convenient inland town. " We have found that the administration of justice by the Courts of Com mon Pleas, and the Courts of General Sessions of the Peace, have been attended with great expense and trouble, to little purpose, so that they appear to be almost needless ; therefore we instruct you that you use your endeavors that some other more easy and cheap method be substituted in their stead, " The great abuse of the law, by the Ojder of Lawyers, calls aloud for a reformation ; therefore we instruct you that you use your endeavors to get such laws enacted as will prove effectual to their reformation or total annihilation. Also that the Pee Bill be revised, so as to give equal pay for equal service ; and that the pay of the First Magistrate of this Common wealth he lessened for another year, before such Magistrate be chosen to said oflice ; also that all other officers of Government, whose pay should he thought too high, be lowered in like manner. " We have found by sorrowful experience, that we have been destitute of laws to regulate Trade and Commerce, and this, perhaps, for want of invest ing Congress with power therefor — which has been almost the whole cause whereby we have run into idleness, luxury and prodigality, and are now left without a circulating medium to pay our debts or taxes. We therefore instruct you to give Congress sufficient power to regulate Trade and Com merce, and that.all monies arising from imposts and excise he appropriated for the payment of the Foreign Debt only ; also that our unappropriated lands be sold at a reasonable sum per acre, and that all domestic Public Securities, State and Continental, be received in payment for the same ; and that such measures may be taken as to make it the interest of the holders of these securities to take said lands. " Also that no person he allowed to sell any foreign goods without first obtaining a license for that purpose, from the Selectmen of the town, where 192 said trader resides, and that each pay for their license a sum equal to inn- holders and retailers of spirituous liquors. And that there be an excise kid on all foreign imported articles, except salt, cotton, wool, and warlike stores, equal to that on spirituous liquors ; and that all excise shall be collected by the respective towns where such excise shall be due, free of charge to the State. And also that there be a bounty given for all sheep kept four months in this State, next preceding the shearing in the months of April, May, or June. That a bounty be granted on all flax and hemp raised in this State. " The entire prosperity of every State depends upon the discipline of its armies. When we take a view of the present situation of the militia in this State, is it not alarming .' The regiment of which we are a part, has been neglected, as it was the year preceding the late war — unofficered for almost two years ; and many regiments are in not much better situation. From what quarter this neglect comes, we do not pretend to say ; but this we aver, that something is out of order. Some companies have not been called into the field, even to have their arms viewed, since the close of the war, A remedy for such an enormous evil ought to be sought for. We therefore instruct you that you use your endeavor and influence, that every officer, from the highest to the lowest, be made to do his duty, and that the militia be immediately put on a respectable and safe foundation ; and that the Town Clerk record and transmit a copy of these instructions to Adams and Nurse for publication." This document was signed by Alpheus Woods, Jonas Morse, and Benjamin Sawin ; and though somewhat long, it throAvs important light upon the state of feeling at that time, and shows the issues then before the people. We may not sympa thize with all the vieAvs therein expressed ; but at the same time we admire that jealousy of the rights of the people, to secure which they had just passed through a seven years' Avar. The idea of removing the seat of the Government into the interior, so that the Legislature might be free from the corrupt ing influence of a large town, was quite prevalent at that day ; and we are not prepared to say that their views were not sound. The ideas they express in relation to the militia, though not in accordance with the popular views of the present day, were Avisely adapted to the Avants of that period, and showed the forethought of our fathers. They had just passed through a war in which the want of discipline was severely felt, and they Avere then on the eve, if not in the midst, of a rebeUion in which the military were relied upon to keep the peace and sustain the institutions of the State. And the condition in which the country has been found at this day, on the breaking 193 out of the Secession Rebellion, may admonish us that the old maxim, " in peace prepare for Avar," has been of late too much neglected. But the part of these instructions Avhich relates to the regula- lation of trade and commerce, exhibits a high degree of sound statesmanship, and a correct vicAv of the principles of political economy. The intimation here diroAvn out, that the regulation of trade or commerce, being a national affair, should be left to Congress, embodied one of the principal considerations which led to the formation of the Constitution of the United States. The people found, by experience, that commerce was too broad a subject to be left to the separate, varying action of thirteen different States ; that the regulation should be uniform ; and hence the poAver should be reposed in one Central Government. In another respect these instructions suggest the doctrine of a protective policy, which has been advocated by most of the sound statesmen of the country. In the regulation of trade, they recommend that a distinction should be made between the necessaries of life and the luxuries. Their intimation that the free importation of luxuries led to extravagance and prodigality, is Avhat experience has abundantly shown ; and one fruitful source of our financial embarrassments at this day, is our prone- ness to indulge in a practice which the fathers of the toAvn of Marlborough condemned seventy-five years ago. Their recommendation to encourage the growth of wool, hemp and flax, shows that they had an eye to the production of every article necessary to render us in fact, what we were in name, an independent nation. They had in their own persons protected the country against British bayonets, and they saw the Avisdom of protecting the country against British looms. We notice this suggestion the more readily, because we have long been satisfied, that Avitli all our boast of improvement, the great mass of the people, at this day, knoAV less of the true sci ence of government, than our fathers did in the days of the Revolution. Illiterate as most of them were, and unfinished, in point of composition, as Avere many of the documents Avhich emanated from the common farmers of that day, their produc tions often contain the soundest principles of civil polity. In fact, they were bred in the school of politics in which the science of civil government was the great topic taught, and 194 where it Avas studied, not as a mere abstraction, but as a prac tical reality. One important fact connected Avith the history of the times, shows the wisdom bf the view taken by the committee. After the peace of 1783, we immediately commenced a ruinous sys tem of imports, making the balance of trade greatly against the country. From Great Britain alone we imported, in 1784 and 1785, goods, wares and merchandise, to the amount of about $30,000,000 ; while our exports to that country, during the same years, amounted only to about $8,500,000 — thus increasing our foreign indebtedness $10,000,000 a year. This fact shoAvs the necessity which existed at that time of adopting some regulation to check foreign importations. The great laws of trade, and the importance of having a balance in our favor, Avhich lie at the foundation of national prosperity, were so far appreciated at that day, that the committee urge the necessity of encouraging home industry, and building up domestic manufactures. And Avell Avould it have been for the country, if the sound and prac tical vieAvs of our fathers had been more steadily adhered to by their sons. Another question, after the Treaty of 1783, arose, and pro duced considerable feeling in the community. By that Treaty Congress agreed to recommend to the respective States to allow the tories and refugees who had left the country, and Avhose estates had generally been confiscated, to return and receive a restoration of their property. Still the States, being sovereign on questions of this nature, could do as they pleased in the premises. This question was agitated in Marlborough, in 1783, when the report of a committee of which Captain Moses Woods Avas Chairman, came up and was adopted. The report which folloAvs, clearly shows the feelings of the people on the subject. " As to the reports we have heard from different quarters, concerning the return of the conspirators and absentees, whose conduct has merited eternal banishment from these States, and whose presence among the genuine sons of liberty would be as unnatural as that of Satan among the sons of God ; though it may be good policy to insist upon a perpetual separation, we recommend it to the town to refrain from giving instructions to their Repre sentative, until the doings of Congress may be known respecting the matter, when they Avill be better able to judge of the propriety of such proceedings; and till then, rely upon the wisdom, goodness, and patriotism of our Repre- 195 sentative to oppose the return of any of the above described miscreants to this State, so far as is consistent with its interest, or the Treaty of Peace." Nothing is more true than that adversity makes men. True patriots, like true saints, frequently "come out of great tribula tion." The Revolution tried the courage of our fathers, and fitted them for soldiers ; and the exhausted state of their finances taught them economy, and proved the parent of that industry and frugality Avhich have made Massachusetts what she is. We have already seen that the good people of Marlborough were aware that a protective system Avas the Avisest policy for the State, and that the balance of trade Avith Great Brit ain, in 1784 and 1785, was heavily against us, and that our financial embarrassment arose, in part, from that cause. Of this fact our fathers appear to have been perfectly conscious. A committee, consisting of Simon Stow, Jonas Morse. Simon Howe, Alpheus Woods, and William Boyd, Avas appointed to take into consideration the embarrassed condition of the com munity, and report at the next meeting. In January, 1787, they submitted the result of their consideration and reflection to their fellow-citizens, as follows : " The political evils, under which this town, as a part of the community, labors, are truly alarming and distressing. Yet we are not Avithout hopes ; but on the contrary, are confident that by a speedy exertion of that noble principle, virtue, we may yet rise superior to, and brave every difficulty that threatens us as a people. But in order the better to show how we are to amend, it may he proper to point out some of the evils which have been the procuring causes of our present difficulties. We conceive that the past impolitic commercial intercourse with Great Britain has drained us of our money, so that we are unable to pay our taxes and discharge our private debts ; therefore, the contrary must work a cure ; namely, by the encourage ment of our own manufactures, as far and as speedily as possible. The ex ertion of this town, collectively considered, will be but as a drop in the bucket ; yet we have this consolation, that if every one will mend one, we shall soon feel the benefit of it; more especially, when assisted by the form ation and execution of wise and wholesome laws. " We cannot but observe, with deep-felt sorrow and concern, the conduct of a large number of towns in this Commonwealth, at the last election, in not being represented at the General Court the present year; although, by the present mode of representation, the lower house would be exceedingly bulky, yet since there is such uneasiness in different parts of the Commonwealth, as we fear threatens a dissolution of the political fabric, we could earnestly wish and hope that there might not be a single town or plantation, at the 196 next election, unrepresented ; for by this peaceable and constitutional way, any act may he passed, and every real grievance redressed, in preference to a recourse to arms. " But to return. We, taking into consideration the distresses of the town, do earnestly recommend to every inhabitant thereof, to receive and cherish the spirit of 1775, by refraining from, as far as is in our power, the excessive use of foreign manufactures, especially articles of luxury and extravagance, and by exerting their best endeavors that they, and all under their care promote industry and economy, and our own manufactures. And here we cannot but lament the expense of time and money that is taken up in public houses, and in unnecessary tea-table visits, &c. We would recommend to the inhabitants of this town, that they exercise as much economy in these matters as is possible. But we conceive it will not be in our power to man ufacture to advantage, while the land-holders are loaded with so great a share of the public taxes. We, therefore, recommend to the town, with a view to accomplish these noble ends, to instruct, their Representative, at the next session, to use his best endeavors, that such other laws be enacted as will encourage the farmers to raise raw materials, either by lowering the land tax, or by bounty, or an excise on such articles as we are liable to im port, by an act passed on the 17th of November last, and other articles of a like nature ; or by either or all of these ways, as the General Court may judge proper. "We are fully satisfied of the propriety and justice of a duty being paid immediately, in hard money, by every store-keeper and shop-keeper, when they take their license, as well as by inn-holders and retailers of spirituous liquors ; and would therefore recommend to the town, that their Representa tive be again instructed to use his influence in this matter. " And whereas there is danger of an undue influence being exercised over the minds of the members of the General Court, sitting in a populous city or town ; we therefore advise the town to charge their Representative again, in the most peremptory terms, to exert his best endeavors, that the General Court meet in some inland town at the next election. " Voted, That said committee should get the above report printed free of charge to the town." It is due to this committee, and to the people at that day, to state that the Commonwealth at that period Avas in the midst of an insurrection, growing out of the embarrassed state of financial affairs ; and it is natural to suppose that every effort would be made to lighten the burdens of taxation ; and if some of the measures recommended were not altogether judicious, in the estimation of the people at this day, we must remember, that the state of things at that period Avas altogether different from Avhat exists at the present time. Their vieAvs in relation to the free importation of luxuries were the perfection of wisdom ; and their fears of the influence of large cities and towns upon legis- 197 lation, Avere not without foundation. History has made it pro verbial, that 'Paris is Prance,' and that the French capital not only influences the legislation of that country, but, in fact, puts doAvn one dynasty and puts up another, at its wdl and pleasure, not only without the consent, but even without the previous knoAvledge or suspicion of France. And Avhen Ave see, in our own national capital, that a strong array of military is deemed necessary to hold and protect the property and records of the Government, Ave almost wish that our capital Avas situated elsewhere. But at the same time it is obvious, that the location of the seat of government, especially of a nation, Avill, of itself, build up a large community ; so that the evils dreaded cannot be entirely avoided. " Where the carcass is, there will the eagles be gathered together." Keeping constantly in view the evils of too great importations of foreign luxuries, the toAvn, in 1787, instructed their Repre sentative, Col. Edward Barnes, as follows : " Sir,— As the present critical situation of our public affairs demands the attention of every well-wisher to the peace and happiness of the community, we, your constituents, think fit to express our minds to you on some particu lar points, for your guidance in conducting the important concerns of the Commonwealth. "As we have heretofore instructed you to use your influence, that the General Court be removed from the town of Boston, to some convenient inland town ; so we do again lay the same instructions on you respecting that matter, so that it be not less than twenty miles distant. " Whereas, we conceive the principal cause of our present distresses, and the late rebellion, to arise from the large importation and unrestrained use of British goods, and foreign superfluities, to the draining us of our hard- earned money, (witness the £200,000 sterling shipped to London the year past in one vessel,) and the discouragement of agriculture and our own manufactures, the bulwark of the nation: Therefore we again instruct you to exert your best endeavors for a reform herein ; that there be an excise laid on all foreign goods and superfluities, excepting some necessary articles, if any should appear ; that every person licensed to sell such articles be obliged to pay a duty for his license, equal to an inn-holder ; and that every possible encouragement be given for the raising of raw materials, by lowering the land tax, and by giving a bounty on sheep, wool, hemp, and flax. " That you use your influence that the money paid towards the discharge of the foreign debt, be solely paid out of such monies, as shall arise from imposts and excise. " That special care be taken that the Confederation of the thirteen United States, be maintained and strengthened." 26 198 Nothing of special moment occurred in the town during the residue of the century. The burdens of the Avar passed aAvay, and a state of prosperity was approaching. The adoption of the Federal Constitution gave the power of regulating trade and the currency to the General Government ; and measures were adopted, at the first Congress, which checked in some degree, the importations, and enabled the Government to realize from imposts, something towards the payment of the public debt. The nineteenth century opened Avith a general lamentation at the loss of the great and good man who had led our armies through the revolutionary struggle, aided in the establishment of our civil institutions, and filled the office of the first President of the United States. To express their grief at the loss, and to testify their respect for the memory of Washington, the people of Marlborough assembled, on the 22d of February, 1800, agreeably to previous arrangements, when a Eulogy was delivered by Joseph Brigham, Esq. The exercises were opened with solemn prayer by Rev. Mr. Packard, and a suitable dirge by the choir. The people also testified their grief by Avearing suitable badges of mourning for thirty days — the males wear ing crape upon the left arm, and the females crape or black ribbons. In 1809, the inhabitants of Marlborough voted, in town meeting, " That the morals and prosperity of many persons are greatly injured in consequence of the retailers selling spirituous liquors, which are drank in the shops contrary to law, and that the Selectmen be directed to withhold their approbation for license to retailers of spirituous liquors, who shall offend in future as above-mentioned, and cause them to be prosecuted for their offense." Thus did Marlborough, more than half a century ago, adopt a policy which some towns would do well to imitate at the present day. It is rather a reproach upon us, that we, in this day of light upon that subject, should alloAV an evil among us which they would not tolerate. Having brought the civil or political history of the tOAvn up to the commencement of the present century, we will recur to the ecclesiastical, which in those days occupied a large share of public attention. We have seen that Rev, Mr. Smith was 199 dismissed in 1798. For about five years the town was desti tute of a settled minister. Various attempts Avere made to obtain one, but their efforts Avere unavailing. They found it difficult to agree upon a man, and more difficult to induce one to accept their call. Knowing, by sad experience, that it was not easy for them to act harmoniously in the selection of a minister, and finding a diversity of opinion already developing itself, the town united with the church in settuig apart the 6th day of August, 1778, "for fasting and prayer, to supplicate Divine aid and direction, in order to their proceeding in a method to re-settle a gospel minister among them : " and Rev. Mr. Whitney of North borough, Rev. Mr. Sumner of Shrewsbury, Rev. Mr. NcAvell of StOAV, Rev. Mr. Parkman of Westborough, and Rev. Mr. Stone of Southborough, were invited to lead the devotions, and aid them by their counsels. In January, 1779, the town concurred with the church in making choice of Mr. Joel Foster as their minister, with a salary of one hundred pounds, graduated on Indian corn at three shillings per bushel, and a handsome sum as a settlement. But though they had the labors and advice of the neighboring churches to induce unity, it appears that their divisions were too deeply seated to ' go out by their prayer and fasting.' For immediately after the call was given, Thomas Howe, Josiah Stow, Jabez Rice, and thirty-two others, mostly from the east erly part of the town, addressed a letter to the candidate, in which they declare that there are two hundred and thirty-nine voters in Marlborough, and that only fifty-eight voted for him ; and that they will pay no part of his salary, unless they are compelled to ; that they have many reasons for adopting that course, but to state them would stir up strife." Under these circumstances, Mr. Foster declined the invitation. But not satisfied with this, the town Avas called together again, when it appeared that there Avere one hundred and thirty-seven for renewing the invitation, and only twenty against it. The same salary and settlement as before offered, were again voted by about the same majority. But in the mean time, Mr. Foster had agreed to settle at New Salem, and so again declined the call. At a meeting held November 20, 1780, the town voted to 200 concur with the church in appointing December 20th as a day of fasting and prayer, for Divine aid in selecting a minister; and Rev. Messrs. NcAvell, Whitney and Sumner, Avere invited to lead their devotions. In Aprd, 1781, they voted, seventy- tAVO to sixty-seven, to give Rev. Ebenezer Grosvenor a call, on a salary of ninety pounds, lawful money, and a settlement of eighty pounds ; but the invitation was declined, probably on the ground of the division in the vote. In February, 1783, they made choice of Mr. John Mellen as their minister, by a vote of seventy-four to thirty-four, with a settlement of two hundred pounds, and a salary of one hundred pounds. Mr. Mellen declined the call, on account of opposition to him, especially in the church. In 1784, a call was extended to Mr. Moses Haven, with a salary of one hundred pounds, and a settlement of one hundred and fifty pounds, Avho, after taking the advice of his ministering brethren, declined the invitation on the ground of " Avant of sufficient encouragement from the town — the coldness and neutrality of many, and the opposi tion of others." In each of the above cases, there appears to have been a large minority opposed to the call, or to the salary. Whether this opposition proceeded from the same individuals in each case, does not appear ; or whether it had reference to particular doctrinal tenets, is not stated. Certain it is, that the elements of opposition existed, and occasions enough occurred to bring them into action, much to the annoyance, and somewhat to the hinderance of the growth of the toAvn. But after about seven years' trial and destitution of a setded minister, Mr. Asa Packard, of Bridgewater, received and ac cepted a call, and was ordained, March 23, 1785. This day was long remembered from the fact that the snow upon the ground was so deep as to cover the tops of their fences, not withstanding there had been a recent thaw, which greatly settled the snoAv, so that in freezing it became sufficiendy solid to bear up a team. The people went to the ordination in their sleighs, upon the crust, passing across their lots, over the tops of walls and rad-fences without difficulty. The depth of snow was so remarkable, that it became, and continued for a long time to be, a household standard of comparison — " the deepest snow we have had since the year Mr. Packard was ordained." 201 Mr. Packard was settled on a salary of one hundred pounds, " and twenty cords of good marketable oak wood, , cut and brought to the door annually, so long as he remains our min ister." They also voted him a settlement of three hundred pounds, one half to be paid in one year, and the other half in two years from his ordination. Mr. Packard was a native of Bridgewater, and son of Jacob and Dorothy (Perkins) Packard. Jacob was son of Solomon, who was son of Zaccheus, Avho was the son of Samuel, the original emigrant, who, with his wife and child, came from Windham, near Hingham, England, in the ship Diligent of IpsAvich, with one hundred and thirty-three passengers, John Martin, master, and settled in Hingham, 1638. From Hing ham, Samuel Packard moved to Bridgewater, and became the ancestor of a numerous family in that town and elscAvhere. Asa was graduated at Harvard University, in 1783. Like many other young men of that day, he entered into the Revoluutionary service. He enlisted as a fifer, at the age of six teen years. In an engagement near Haerlem Heights, in 1776, a companion, who had made great boast of his bravery, seized Mr. Packard's fife, and handing him his musket in return, fled to a place of safety — preferring, it Avould seem, the music he could make with a stolen fife, to that made by the balls of the enemy. Mr. Packard, thus armed, engaged in the conflict, but soon received a Avound which nearly proved fatal. The ball entered his back, just above his hip ; and though an attempt was made to extract it, yet so severe was the operation, that the surgeon feared he would die in his hands, and so was induced to desist. A severe illness followed in consequence, and Avheii sufliciently recovered, he left the army and retumed home, and commenced a course of studies preparatory to entering college. The ball he received Avas never extracted, but remained in his back during his life. Mr. Packard Avas a man of great facetiousness, and often alluded in pleasantry to the circum stance of his having fought and bled for his country. He once in a merry circle said : " I bear about in my body a Aveighty testimonial of my bravery." To Avhich a jovial companion rephed, "I think, from the posdion of the wound, our hero must have been playing a retreat." " Playing a retreat," said 202 Mr. Packard ; " I had a musket in my hand, and was found skillful as a grenadier." " I think," rejoined the other, " our friend must have been skilled in the motion — ' to the right about face' — and must have performed it when he received his wound." The joke was appreciated and enjoyed by Mr. Pack ard as much as by any of the company. Mr. Packard married, July 2, 1790, Nancy (iuincy, daughter of Josiah Q,uincy, of Braintree, Avith whom he lived more than half a century. They had six children.* Frederick Adol- phus was graduated at Harvard, 1814, studied law and com menced practice at Springfield. In 1829, removed to Phila delphia, and took the editorial charge of the publications of the American Sunday School Union. In 1847, was elected President of Girard College. He resides at Philadelphia. Mr. Packard was a man of sprightly talent, and was noted for his readiness rather than for his profundity. He had great conversational powers, and was remarkable for his eccentricity. His sermons were practical rather than doctrinal, and more dis tinguished for happy descriptions of life and manners, than for connected views of gospel truths. He Avas liberal in his theo logical opinions — ^belonging to Avhat was denominated the Arminian school. As Unitarianism developed itself in Massa chusetts, he was considered as coinciding with that class of his brethren ; though later in life, his sentiments are supposed to have undergone some change. Rev. Mr. Field, in his Historical Sketch of the Fhst Church in Marlborough, says, respecting his theological opinions: — " Perhaps it Avould be more correct to say, that he never formed for himself any definite system of doctrinal belief His mind was more distinguished for its readiness than for its method ; and he seems to have held opinions in regard to different doc trines, which were not consistent Avith each other, and Avhich could not have been blended into a logical system. Different persons, who knew him Avell, have for this reason classed him with different denominations ; since, on some points, his views seemed to coincide with Unitarians, and on others Avith the Orthodox standard of doctrine. This was the view entertained of his theological opinions by one of the most distinguished preachers of New England." «¦ See the Genealogy of the family. 203 Mr. Packard remained pastor of the first, and in fact the only parish in Marlborough, about twenty years, and the people were happy under his ministry. At length, in 1805, an unpleasant controversy arose on the subject of the site of their meeting house, Avhich ended in the erection of two houses, and ulti mately in tAVO parishes. During this controversy, Mr. Packard maintained a neutrality ; though residing within the limits of the Avest parish, his sympathies Avere naturally Avith that por tion of the town. It seems that both parties were desirous of retaining him, and he continued preaching at the old house until the new ones Avere ready for use. He Avas then requested to take a leading part in the dedication of the house at Spring Hill — that being the house built by the town. But Mr. Packard, being unwilling to countenance the removal of the house from the old common, said, in a letter to the society, in November, 1805, " In the house Avhere, at the time of my ordination, I expected to spend my strength, I shall continue my best services, God Avdling, till my afflicted people have time to change their situation." Being called upon to dedicate the house, he said, in a letter dated February 7, 1806, to Deacon Abner Goodale, Chairman of the Committee of Dedication, " While the society remains in this tempestuous state, it appears to me, a compliance with your request would naturally be foUoAved with consequences seriously injurious to both parties, in a social, temporal, and spiritual view. I never covenanted Avith my people to assist them in injuring themselves." The delicacy of Mr. Packard's situation will be appreciated, Avhen we consider that he was at that time the minister of the whole toAvn ; and nearly one half of his parish and church were so dissatisfied with the erection of the house at Spring Hill, that they had organized and erected a house at the west part of the town. He chose to stand aloof, as far as his public acts were concerned ; but realizing that the majority had a right to command his services, whde he remained their pastor, he wisely asked a dismission from the church and society, as the best way of avoiding a public approval of the removal of the meeting-house, which was the sole cause of the unhappy state of feeling. This matter was brought, March 6, 1806, before the Marl- 204 borough Association, consisting of Rev. Messrs. Peter Whitney, Joseph Widard, Jonathan Newell, Moses Adams, Joel Foster, Daniel Kellogg, Ezra Ripley, Jeroboam Parker, and Isaac Allen, who, after due consideration of the whole subject matter, decided unanimously, that the toAvn have a reasonable and legal claim to the services of Mr. Packard in the new house, — ^but they add : " As there exists a respectable minority, amounting to nearly one-half of the church and town, Avho appear deter mined not to assemble at Spring Hill, and have taken decided steps to become a corporate society — these circumstances have suggested conscientious scruples to Mr. Packard's mind, of the propriety of taking the lead in the dedication of said meeting house, and of attending his services there in future, and have induced him to ask a dissolution of his further pastoral relation to the church and people of Marlborough. The Association, while they sincerely lament the occasion of it, both on their OAvn and the people's account, cannot but acquiesce in his deter mination. " The Association are of the opinion that their Rev. brother Packard has uniformly manifested a deep and tender concern for the peace and best interests of the church and people of the toAvii, and are fully convinced, that in all his conduct respect ing the parties in town, and all his representations to the Asso ciation, he has acted in sincerity and with honest intentions, and has conscientiously endeavored to be impartial in his state ments and behavior toAvards the parties, notwithstanding any suggestion to the contrary." Mr. Packard's request for a dismission from the town was granted. As the cause of his taking this step grew out of a controversy concerning the location of a new meeting-house, Avhich resulted in a division of the church and town into two distinct societies, it cannot be out of place, in this connection, to give a brief sketch of that unpleasant affair, which excited much ill-feeling, engendered lasting animosities, and proved a severe drain upon the purses of the inhabitants. In fact, the seeds of this controversy were sown seventy or eighty years before this division. The inhabitants residing upon the Indian plantation, and those in the easterly part of the town, from the first, did not harmonize cordially with the people in the central and westerly part of the town. This showed itself in petitions 205 for dividing the town, or in having two meeting-houses, as we have already seen. But the repairing and improving of the old house, kept things comparatively quiet, till about the com mencement of the nineteenth century, when a new house seemed to be demanded. As early as 1796, the subject of erecting a new meeting house was agitated. In 1801, the town voted, ninety-three to forty, to budd a neAv house ; but the question of location was one of more difficult solution. It was voted that it be located on the old spot, and the next day that vote was reconsidered ; and a committee of twenty-two Avas chosen " to look out a place to set the new meeting-house." But as nothing definite was attained, other committees Avere appointed, the territory surveyed, several spots were designated, and all rejected by the town. Finally, on the 4th of June, 1804, after discarding all locations proposed, and after many had left the meeting, a vote was passed to locate the proposed house at Spring Hill, and a committee was chosen to see on Avhat terms a spot could be obtained. After some negotiation and delay, on the 7th January, 1805, a vote Avas passed to build a meeting-house at Spring Hill, on a site specially designated, on condition that certain individuals would prepare the ground for its recep tion ; and a committee, consisting of Uriah Eager, Dea. Abner Goodale, Joseph Brigham, Esq., Micah Sherman, John Loring, Enoch Corey, Capt. Jonathan Weeks, Loved Brigham, Capt. Daniel Brigham, Capt. Loved Barnes, and Capt. William Wesson, was chosen with full power, acting by a majority, to purchase materials, erect and complete the house, and sell the pews at public auction. The committee entered at once upon the discharge of their duties, contracted for materials, and early in February made a contract Avith Mr. C. Kendall to erect and complete the house at Spring Hill. Immediately on the passage of the vote to locate the meeting house at Spring Hill, the inhabitants of the westerly part of the town, to the number of about eighty, convened at the house of Capt. George Williams, and resolved that it would be for their interest and happiness to separate from the inhabitants in the easterly part of the town, and form a distinct religious society, precinct or town. They at the same time chose a committee of their leading citizens, to take the whole subject into considera- 27 206 tion, including a spot on which to locate a meeting-house. Subsequently, they presented a petition to the town to allow them to be set off, " Avith all those privileges and immunities Avhich appertain to towns within the Commonwealth." On the refusal of the town to grant their prayer, they petitioned the Legislature to be set off as a toAvn, where they met with a refusal. Meantime they were taking active measures to build a meeting-house at the West End, as it was generally denom inated ; and more than five thousand dollars were readily sub scribed for that purpose. Before proceeding thus far, however, they caused a meeting of the inhabitants of the town to be called, to see if they would reconsider their vote locating their house at Spring Hill. On coming together, the building com mittee informed the meeting that it was too late to reconsider the vote, as they had already bound the town by a solemn con tract with Mr. Kendall, to erect the house on that site. The petitioners for a division of the town then informed the Select men and the building committee of their resolution to build a meeting-house in the westerly part of the township, and re quested the committee to adopt a smaller plan, as they should not worship in that house, if it were erected. But the committee, which had proceeded in hot haste thus far, were not to be deterred from the erection of a house large enough to accommodate the whole town. And thus the AVork went on. The committee, clothed Avith fud authority, pro ceeded as rapidly as possible to erect their house at Spring HiU, and the committee of the inhabitants of the West End, to erect their house on the site selected for that purpose. The house at Spring Hill Avas raised in the week commencing Mon day, June 24, 1805, and the raising of the house at the West End occupied nearly a week, commencing Wednesday, August 14, 1805. These houses were both opened for public worship on the same day, viz., Aprd 27, 1806. For years there was not merely a rivalry, but a somewhat bitter animosity existing between the two parishes, which unhappily disturbed religious association, and even social intercourse. The pecuniary burden imposed upon the people was severe. The preparation of the site for Spring Hdl meetingThouge cost nearly four thousand dollars, all 207 of which, with the exception of about six hundred dollars, was borne by individuals. The cost of Spring HiU meeting-house, exclusive of the cost of preparing the site, was not far from twenty thousand dollars, and entailed a heavy pecuniary burden upon the budding committee, who, in some of their transac tions, had incurred personal liabilities. And while the people in the west part of the town Avere called upon to pay their share of the expense of this large and costly house, they erected one for themselves, at an expense of some eight thousand dollars. After much opposition, the west part of the town succeeded in obtaining an act of incorporation, on the 23d of Febmary, 1808, by the name of the Second Parish in Marlborough. The division of the town into two societies, involved the division of the church, which, to the honor of its members be it said, was conducted on fair and equitable grounds. After the dismission of Mr. Packard, the church made choice of Rev. Mr. Puffer, of Berlin, as their moderator. Some question arising, the mod erator convened the church, which agreed to call a Council. The church at that time consisted of forty-seven male mem bers, twenty-four of whom belonged to the West branch of the church, and twenty-three, including all the deacons, to the East branch. The Council, after hearing the parties, and considering the subject, came to this result : " That each branch of the church of Christ in Marlborough, have full liberty, without any offense to the other branch, to attend upon and enjoy all the special ordinances of the gospel, and to exercise all the powers and privileges of a regular Christian church, in separate and distinct bodies, at such times and in such places, as each branch may choose for itself, until a reunion of the church may he effected ; or some legal decision be had on the state of the town." They also provided that in case the west part of the toWn be, legally incorporated, any member shall be at liberty to attach himself to either church : and that the church property shad be equally divided. And until such division shall take place, all the vessels of the sanctuary may be freely used by either branch, on different days. Both branches of the church accept ed this recommendation, "without a dissenting voice." The West Parish being incorporated, on the 23d of March 208 Rev. Asa Packard, who had labored with the society since his dismission from the town, was installed over the West Parish, and retained his pastoral relation until May 12, 1819, when he took a dismission, and removed to Lancaster, Avhere he resided till his death, Avhich occurred March 20, 1843, in the eighty- fifth year of his age. After the dismission of Mr. Packard, Rev. Seth Alden was settled over the West Parish, November 3, 1819, and dismissed, Aprd 8, 1834. Rev. Wdliam Morse was installed, June 25, 1834, and dismissed, July 14, 1844. Rev. Horatio Alger was instaUed, January 22, 1845, and dismissed, July 18, 1859. The First, or East church, after the dismission of Mr. Packard, settled, November 2, 1808, Mr. Sylvester F. Bucklin, who was dismissed June 20, 1832. Mr. Bucklin continued his residence in Marlborough, Avhere he Avas highly respected as a citizen, and died in June, 1860. He was a useful and valued member of the church and society of which he was formerly pastor ; thus refuting, in his case, the oft-repeated declaration, " that a dis missed minister makes a troublesome parishioner." After the dismission of Mr. Bucklin, Mr. Charles Forbush was ordained pastor, August 21, 1833, and dismissed, March 26, 1834. After the society had undergone some transition of name and senti ment. Rev. John N. Goodhue was ordained their pctstor. May 4, 1836, and died September 13, 1839, aged twenty-nine years and eight months. Mr. George E. Day Avas ordained, December 2, 1840, and dismissed, December 23, 1847. Rev. Daniel L. Ogden was installed, Aprd 26, 1848, and dismissed, July 23, 1850. During the summer of 1852, their meeting-house was thoroughly repaired, at an expense of about one thousand dol lars, and furnished with a new organ. It was opened for public worship in September, and on the evening of November 10th, it took fire and was entirely destroyed. It is supposed to have been the work of an incendiary. A new house was erected, at a cost of about ten thousand dollars, and opened for public worship, August 31, 1853, when Rev. Levi A. Field was ordained.* » This part of the history of the town might be extended much further ; but the published ' Historical Sketch ' of Rev. Levi A. Field, and the contemplated publication of Historical Discourses by Rev. Horatio Alger, are so full on the subject of the Ecclesiastical History of the two Parishes, as to supersede the necessity of enlarging upon it here. V ri'-n V| V 1! > * <'¦! ii i 1' »' THE LAWRENCE MEETING-HOUSE, ^t B^eltonvUle, ERECTED laei. 209 There is also a Methodist society in toAvn. Mr. Phinehas Sawyer, from Harvard, came to Marlborough, with his family, about 1800. They were of the Methodist persuasion, and had meetings at their house for a number of years. Their numbers increased, and in 1827, they erected a brick meeting-house in the north-easterly part of the toAvn. They worshiped at that house till 1852, when it Avas burned doAvn. The main part of the society budt a house at Rock Bottom, Stow, and the residue of the society built a house in the centre of Marlborough, Avhich was opened for divine worship in October, 1853. The present number of communicants is one hundred and five. The disci pline of the Methodists being Episcopal, and their Conference assigning the preachers to their circuits for a limited time, the number who have labored with the society has been great. Their present preacher is Rev. Augustus D. Bailey. The Universalists formed a society in Marlborough, about 1818. In 1829, they erected a meeting-house in the East village. They have had a number of preachers, among whom were Rev. Messrs. Kilham, GreeuAVood, and Davis. They are now without a pastor. The Baptists have a small society at Feltonville, formed about 1844. They have a neat and comfortable house, erected in 1851. Rev. Mr. Wakefield has labored with them for several years. There is also a Roman Catholic society in town. Their church, erected a few years since, is situated on elevated ground, and commands an extensive and delightful prospect. The citizens of Feltonville are uoav erecting another meet ing-house in their vdlage, designed for a Union society. CHAPTER X. EDUCATION. Our Fathers' Views of Education — Law requiring Schools — School in Mail- borough established — Loss of Records — School Houses built — Brigham School Fund — Plan of supporting and distributing the Schools m 1790 — Schools remodeled in 1803 — New District created in 1812 — Appropria tions from 1834 to 1860 —The Academy — High School — Improved Con dition of the Schools. Nothing, save the great cause of religion, engaged the early attention of our Puritan Fathers more than the education of the young. With them, piety and sound learning were the foundation on which they hoped to rear our free institutions. They were fully aware that religion, without knowledge, would lead to fanaticism ; and that knowledge, without relig ion, would end in licentiousness. Their great and grand idea Avas to combine the two, and to develop the intellectual and moral nature of man at the same time. They had no sym pathy with that system which would do things " to the halves." They were sensible that education, in the intellectual sense of the term, simply furnished facilities to action ; but whether this action Avere right or wrong, would depend upon the restraining, guiding principles of our holy religion. They wisely foresaw that, as the universe Avas preserved, and the heavenly bodies were kept in their spheres by the well-balanced action of the centrifugal and centripetal forces, so man, the noblest Avork of God, to answer the great end of his being, must be moved for ward by intellectual power, and kept within his sphere by the gravitating power of the Sun of Righteousness. With these views, they early adopted measures for the gen eral diffusion of knowledge. In 1647, an Act was passed for the support of schools, the preamble of which is so expressive of their views, that it deserves a place here. 211 " It being one of the chief projects of Satan, to keep men from the knowl edge of the Scriptures ; as in former times keeping them in unknown tongues, so in these latter times by persuading from the use of tongues, that so at least the true sense and meaning of the original might he clouded and corrupted hy false glosses of deceivers ; to the end that learning may not be buried in the graves of our forefathers, in church and commonwealth, the Lord assisting our endeavors : " It is therefore ordered by this Court and authority thereof, that every township within this jurisdiction, after the Lord hath increased them to the number of fifty householders, shall forthwith appoint one within their towns to teach all such children as shall resort to him, to write and read, whose wages shall be paid either by the parents or masters of such children, or by the inhabitants in general, by way of supply, as the major part of those that order the prudentials of the town shall appoint ; provided that those who send their children be not oppressed by paying much more than they can have them taught for in other towns." This was the origin of the common school system which has contributed so much to the prosperity and glory of New Eng land, by rearing up a class of men fitted for all the active duties of life, not only within her OAvn jurisdiction, but throughout the country. Marlborough, as we have already seen, as early as 1696, employed a school-master to teach the youth "to read English once a day at least, also to write and cast accounts." Subse quently, in 1698, the town voted to build a school-house, and Mr. Jonathan Johnson was employed as a teacher for several years. In 1700, a contract was made for building another school-house. There appears about this time to have been some neglect on the part of the town, and in 1701 they were fined for not keeping a school-master. This fine had its desired effect ; for in December of that year, it was voted, " That Thomas Rice and Isaac Amsden doo go forth Avith all speed convenient, in the town's name and behalf, to doo what they can to provide a school-master, qualified according to laAV, and to treat him with terms for the half year or a tAvelvemonth, as they shall think fit." It seems that they met with some success ; for in 1702, £7 were paid to John Holman, of Mdton, " for teaching our children and youth in reading, writing, and casting accounts ; and also in Latin, as occasion is, and in doing the duty of school-master, four months." In 1715, it was voted to budd a new school-house, 24 feet by 18, and 7 feet between joints. In 1718, £47 were appropriated 212 for the schools. At that day, and for years after, the schools Avere kept in different parts of the township, and frequendy in private houses. Unfortunately, the loss of the Marlborough records deprive us of any consecutive account of the schools for nearly half a century ; though the records of the proprietors frequently allude to the school-houses, and the school is referred to, as one of the fixed institutions of the toAvn. In 1745, at a meeting of the inhabitants of Marlborough, reg ularly held, '^Voted, That the school shall be kept at the several parts of the town, as heretofore." And Samuel Witt, Colonel Williams, Thomas Hapgood, Thomas Brigham, and Jotham Brigham, were chosen a committee " to order the schools as above." This vote recognizes a usage well understood by the people at the time — "be kept at the several parts of the town, as heretofore." The custom which prevailed at that day in Marl borough, and in the country towns generally, was to employ a niale teacher, who would keep a certain number of weeks in one part of the town, and then move to another. These " moving schools," as they were frequently denominated, fur nished an opportunity for the children in every part of the township to enjoy the benefits of the school system. And the fact that some of their most prominent men, as seen above, were chosen to " order the schools," shoAvs that the people regarded them with interest. At a meeting held September, 1745, it was " Voted, That all those families that live more than a mile and a half from either of the two school-houses, where the school has been kept the past year, shall draAv their proportion of money out of the school rate." This vote recognizes the fact that there were two school- houses in town at that time, and that the people Avere disposed to make some consideration to those Avho resided at a distance from the school-houses. What Avages Avere given at that day, to teachers, appears by the receipt of Samuel Brigham, who acknowledges the payment of £57 10*. old tenor, in fuU for keeping school two quarters in 1747. March 13, 1748, " On the petition of Samuel Jones and others, at the north-westerly part of the town, it was put to 213 vote, agreeably to said petition, whether the petitioners should have their proportional part of the school according to their pay, and it passed in the affirmative." At a meeting of the town, held May 15, 1749, the subject of the schools Avas fully considered ; and as the action then taken casts considerable light upon the subject, we will give the record entire. "Voted and chose a committee of seven men, to apportion the school in six societies or squadrons, and the scholars to meet at the same school- houses, where the school has been lately kept, and to he settled according to the pay of each squadron, taking the north-westerly corner for one squadron. •'Agreeably to the vote of the town, the committee, namely, Dea. Andrew Rice, Major John Bruce, John Warren, Daniel Harrington, John Banister, John Weeks, and Abraham Howe, have made the following division; that is, the squadron west of the meeting-house, the scholars are to meet at the school-house near Noah Church's, or the old tavern place, thirteen weeks, four days, and three-fourths of a day, yearly. And the scholars are to meet in the squadron, at the west end of the town, at the school-house near Moses Howe's, six weeks, three days, and two-thirds of one day, yearly. And the north-west squadron, the scholars are to meet at such a place as the squadron shall think proper, two weeks and four days, yearly ; and the squadron east erly of the meeting-house, the scholars are to come to the school-house near Joseph Johnson's, sixteen weeks, one day, and one-third of a day, yearly ; and the squadron northerly of the meeting-house, at the school-house near John Hapgood's, seven weeks and two-thirds of a day, yearly ; and the squadron at the east end of the town, at the school-house near Joseph Baker's, five weeks, four days, and two-thirds of a day, yearly. " The one-third, two-thirds, and three-fourths mentioned above, are added to the north-west squadron, to make that up three weeks." The above arrangement of the schools appears to have been satisfactory to the people ; for the records show no action of the town, except to choose a committee to employ a teacher, for a number. of years. At length, on the 25th of October, 1762, when the school-master must have been " abroad," the inhab itants voted, " That the town wdl build or repare the school- housen in the several squadrants in the toAvn, Where they Now are," and chose a committee of six to carry said vote into effect. It appears by the subsequent action of the town, that the committee caused to be erected six new houses, viz., one near Robert Baker's, at the east end of the town ; one near the heirs 28 214 of Joseph Johnson, easterly of the meeting-house ; one near the widoAV Mary Bruce's ; one near the meeting-house, where the old house formerly stood ; one near Jacob Felton's ; and one at Robin Hdl, so called. During the exciting period which preceded the opening of the Revolution, nothing neAV appears to have taken place in relation to the schools. And during the Revolution we could hardly expect any particular improvement in the condition of the school system. One event occurred, hoAvever, during this period, which deserves notice, as it has a direct bearing upon the cause of education in Marlborough. Captain Ephraim Brigham, a highly respected citizen, in the year 1771, left a donation of £111 to the toAvn, to remain as a perma nent fund, the interest of which was to be "annually ex pended in hiring some suitable person to keep a school in the middle of the town, to teach young people the arts of Avriting and cyphering." This fund was to be under the control of the Selectmen for the time being, who were made trustees for that purpose, and who Avere required to see that the interest Avas annually expended, agreeably to the provisions of the Avill. This fund, at that time, and for a long period after, was highly important to the young people of the town. Being confined to writing and arithmetic, it furnished the older schol ars an opportunity, as they were about leaving school, to perfect themselves in those branches which would qualify them for the transaction of the active business of life. Many a young man, of Marlborough birth, has had reason to remember with grati tude the worthy giver. Such instances of liberality, in fitting the young for usefulness, should be gratefully cherished by every lover of his race. " The Brigham School," as it Avas called, was kept in the central district of the town, after the winter schools had closed, which was generaUy about the first of March, arid was open to scholars of a prescribed age, from all parts of the tOAvnship; and furnished about a month's additional instraction for the older scholars. This fund has since been merged in the gen eral school appropriation, so that the interest is now employed, like the annual school grants, for the benefit of all the children in the place. During some portion of the Revolution, the town supported 215 a grammar school, in which the languages were taught ; but the heavy burdens of the war induced them to suspend it for a time. In 1779, it Avas voted " to provide a school-house for the northerly part of the town, and to choose a committee to purchase a house of Mr. Lesure, or budd a new one, as they shall think proper." In 1781, they voted " to budd a school- house for the ' Farm ' squadron, and move the Cook school- house, so as to accommodate the east squadron, near John StoAv's." The records do not show the amount of money appropriated for the support of the schools ; the custom being to grant so much for the " town's use," or " to pay town charges." It is a matter of regret, that the records of most of our towns are so meagre. We sometimes find an important subject before a town, a committee of some of their principal men selected to examine and report upon the whole subject, and when Ave come to the record of the report, Ave are informed " that the committee submitted a detailed report, which was accepted." In this way the whole value of the record is lost ; and as the files of most of our towns are not preserved, the public are left in profound ignorance ; the record not being worth the paper on which it is written. How long Avdl our towns suffer such evils to continue ? For several years after the close of the war, no particular change appears to have been made in relation to the schools. Committees were chosen, from time to time, to employ masters, and apportion the money to the different squadrons. In De cember, 1789, "Wdliam Morse, Sdas Jewell, Samuel Howe, Alpheus Woods, Joseph Howe, Daniel Stevens, and Heman Stow, were chosen a committee to consider an Act of the Gen eral Court respecting keeping schools, passed June 25, 1789, and report to the town some plan to carry the same into execu tion." At a meeting held January following, the committee submit ted a detailed report, which we will give entire, as it contains the best evidence we have of the number and condition of the schools in the town. " We, the Committee chosen by the inhabitants of the town of Marlbo^ rough, on the 14th of December, 1789, to consider an Act of the General Court respecting keeping schools, passed June 2.5, 1789, requiring that every town or district containing two hundred families or householders,, shall he 216 provided with a Grammar School Master of good moral character, well in structed in the Latin, Greek and English Languages, and that in addition thereto, shall be provided with a school-master of good morals, to teach chil dren to read, and instruct them in the English language, as well as in arith metic, orthography, and decent behavior, for such a term of time as shall be equivalent to twelve months for each of said schools in such year, beg leave to report, that whereas upon examination, they find the number of famiUes in Marlborough to exceed two hundred, and whereas the above named act requires that every town or district containing two hundred families or householders, should have two schools, each of which is to he kept for such a term of time as shall he equivalent to twelve months for each school in each year, they also think it advisable, in order that the town may be pro vided with able school-masters, that the Selectmen for the time being, be a committee to provide a school-master duly qualified to keep said schools, as the said Act directs. " Your Committee would also report, that it appears the most equitable that each school should he kept an equal term of time, in each school-house ; that is, seven weeks and three days in each school-house in each year. It further appears to your Committee the most equitable, that the school which is now kept in the school-house near Mr. Robert Baker's, be continued there, until it shall have completed seven weeks and three days ; that it then remove to the school-house near Mr. Amos Ray's, to be kept there seven weeks and three days ; that it then remove to the school-house near Mr. Noah Howe's, there to be kept seven weeks and three days ; that it then remove to the school-house near Mr. Stephen Felton's, there to be kept seven weeks and three days ; that it then remove to the school-house near the meeting-house, there to be kept seven weeks and three days ; then to remove to the school-house near Mr. Winslow Brigham's, there to be kept seven weeks and three days ; that it then remove to the school-house near Mr. Alexander Newton's, there to be kept seven weeks and three days, which completes twelve months for one school. " Your Committee think it equitable, that when the school that is now kept near Mr. Baker's remove to the school-house near Mr. Ray's, another school should begin at the school-house near Mr. Alexander Newton's, on the Farm, and he regulated, as to the time of keeping and removes, according to the rules prescribed for the above mentioned school. ; " Your Committee further judge it advisable, that the Selectmen procure, as soon as may he, school-masters to keep school in the following school- houses, viz. . In that near Mr. Winslow Brigham's, in that near the meeting house, and in that near Stephen Felton's ; to keep in each school-house seven weeks and three days, which will make up that time which shall have expired between the first of October, 1789, and that time in which the last mentioned school is to he opened in the school-house on the Farm. And that the schools may not interfere one with the other, but that they mjty be conducted in such a manner as to answer the end for which they are in tended, it is the opinion of your Committee, that they he under the direction of the Selectmen for the time being, who from time to time shall make such 217 alterations as they shall judge best, provided they do not infringe those rules which are above prescribed." It appears by this report that there were in 1790, seven school districts, or squadrons, as they were in the habit of calling them, and that each district had its school-house. It also appears that each district had a school of fifteen weeks in a year. From 1790 to 1803, nothing in particular appears on the records of the town, in relation to the schools. Several ncAv school-houses were erected, generally about twenty-four feet square ; some of them with a porch about six or seven feet square. The money raised for the support of schools seems to have been included in the general grant of money for the town's use ; so that the sum expended for the schools does not appear upon the records. In 1803, a large committee, consisting of Benjamin Rice, Aaron Brigham, Loved Barnes, Silas Felton, Stephen Ames, Daniel Brigham, and Abner Goodale, submitted a report in relation to the schools, which Avas accepted by the town. The report is as follows : " We, the Committee chosen by the inhabitants of the town of Marl borough, on the 8th of March, 1 803, ' to see if any and what regulations should be made in the town schools,' having taken the matter into considera tion, do report that it is advisable to adopt the following regulations, viz : That a suitable person he provided to teach all such scholars in the town as may wish to learn the Latin and Greek Languages. " Tiiat suitable English Grammar school-masters be provided, to keep the following terms of time, at each of the school-houses, viz : "At the Centre School-house, No. I, . 17 weeks " At the South-west (( No. 2, . 15 " " At the North-west a No. 3, . 14 " " At the North ii No. 4, . 18 " " At the North-east t( No. 5, . 13 « "At the East, (( No. 6, . 15 " " At the South-east (t No. 7, . 13 " "That the aforesaid schools shall commence annually at each school- house as near the middle of November as may be. " That the town shall choose, by ballot, a Committee of seven persons, one for each school-house ; and it shall be the duty of said Committee to carry the following regulations into effect. Also to provide wood for said 218 schools, and regulate them ; and with the minister and such other persons as may wish to attend, visit said schools. " That after the present year, the aforesaid Committee shall he chosen at the annual March Meeting for the choice of Town Officers. And as no legacy we can bequeath to posterity is so valuable as a good education, your Committee do further report, that in addition to the other schooling, the aforesaid Committee shall provide suitable school-mistresses to keep school seven weeks and a half annually, in each town school-house, and regulate said woman schools according to their discretion." The foregoing report, which Avas accepted by the town, placed the schools on a more permanent basis, and gave a new impulse to the cause of education. The sum expended for the schools does not appear upon the town records. The portion of the town grant expended for education was left to be decided by the Selectmen, who apportioned the money to the several districts. This ncAV regulation annulled the old system of " moving schools," and introduced the employment of female teachers, which probably had not prevailed up to that time. Before this period, the schools Avere kept the year round by a male teacher, holding a session first in one district, and then in another. This policy deprived many of the older scholars, who were about finishing their schooling, of the opportunity of attending at the season of the year when they were most at leisure, or else of going three or four miles to school ; and the smaller scholars were deprived of all instruction, except when the school was kept in their own district. But the change gave them a chance to attend in their own neighborhood, when they Avere most at leisure ; and the employment of female teachers in the summer gave the small children a privilege greater than they had enjoyed before ; and so, in fact, doubled the usefulness of the schools, without increasing materially the expense. In 1812, after a struggle of several years, a new school-house was erected, and a new district created near Feltonville, then known as the Mills, Subsequently, the district near the centre of the town was divided, and a school-house erected at Spring Hdl. This was followed by the creation of another district, in the south-west part of the town, and a school-house was erected south of the pond, to accommodate the people in that quarter, and relieve other schools which were thought to be too large. 219 In 1827, the Legislature passed a general laAV in relation to the schools in the CommouAvealth, which gave a new spring to the cause of education. Up to this period, there had been no commdtee required by law to be chosen by the towns, to take the charge or oversight of the schools. Where the towns were districted, the people in district, or in tOAvn meeting, elected a committee, who in many cases, considered their duty performed Avhen they had employed a teacher and furnished fuel for the school. The examination of teachers and of the schools was, by custom, devolved upon the minister, and in some cases upon the Selectmen of the town. But the Act of 1827 created an inspecting committee, and gave them the general supervision of the schools. But the measure Avhich has done more to improve the schools in Massachusetts than any other, was the creation of the Board of Education, in 1837. This Act was preceded by an Act, 1834, establishing a school fund for the improvement of the common schools. These Acts requiring returns from the school committees, which the towns were compelled by law to elect, brought, for the first time in our history, the condition of all the schools in the Com monwealth before the public ; and through the medium of the Board of Education, the improvements made in one part of the State, were made known to every other part ; and hence a spirit of just emulation was excited, Avhich has done much for the cause of education. We dwell upon this with the more satisfaction, as the pros perity of the community, and the permanence of our institu tions, depend in a great degree upon the general diffusion of knowledge. And though colleges are highly important in their place, and should be sustained by every friend of education ; yet the direct advantages of these literary institutions are, and always must be, confined to a very small portion of our popula tion. It is upon the common schools, that the great mass of the people must ever depend for all the literary advantages which they enjoy. And one great blessing attendant upon the town school is, that it is open to all classes, without distinction. Here the rich and the poor enjoy the same privilege. Here, more than any where else, all caste and distinction is super seded, and all may partake of the feast of knowledge, "without money and without price." While invidious distinctions are 220 practically recognized in all other places — while, in the house of God, the rich generally have more fashionable seats than the poor ; and in the resting-places of the dead, the same distinction is often obvious — in the school-room, the child of the poor or the fallen is entitled to as high a seat, and to as great privileges, as the chdd of the wealthiest or the most honored man in the community. Every lover of his race — every friend of equal rights — every one who wishes to elevate the unfortu nate, must rejoice in the success of these little seminaries, which admit of no distinctions which merit does not originate. The permanence of our civil institutions depends more upon our free school system, than upon any thing else, save the great and elevating principles of our holy religion. It is worthy of special remark, that that portion of the country which is labor ing to destroy our blessed Republic, and build up an arbitrary and aristocratic govemment in its place, is the very section where free schools have never been established — a fact which speaks volumes for our free school system. As far back as we have official returns, viz. in 1834, Marl borough appropriated but $900 for the support of her schools, which was rather a small sum for a town of her population and wealth. This sum was raised to $1,000 in 1836, and in 1841 to $1,100. The abstract of the schools published by the Com monwealth, showed that Marlborough Avas in the rear of other towns of her class, and the school committee, in 1844, urged it upon the town to increase their appropriations ; yet their wise suggestion Avas lost upon the people. But the grad uated tables in the Annual Report of the Board of Education, presented her to considerable disadvantage, and the fluctuation in the number of scholars, from year to year, was such as to show that the town committee could have paid but little atten tion to the subject committed to them. About 1850, a new interest seems to have been excited. The appropriation, which crept along up to $1,300, was in 1851, increased to $1,500, and in 1853, to $2,250. In 1855, two new and more commodious school-houses were erected, and about the same time the larger schools were graded, and females Avere employed to instruct the smaller children ; so that, practically, the number of schools was carried from ten to sixteen, and the same amount of money was made more productive, by furnish- 221 ing better facdities to the children of the place. In 1857, a new feeling was infused into the community, and the sum of |3,465, was devoted to the schools. This sum was increased to $3,910 in 1860. Thus, AAdthin a few years, has the toAvn of Marlborough brought her schools up to a high standard. As a view of the past may serve to stimulate us in the future, I wdl present a view of the appropriations in Marlborough for the support of public schools, together with the number of scholars. No. of Scholars Appropriation »^ 1^ Ol Cr> 0» Cft 1 CO (-' cn cn 1 cococooooooooooooocoj^,_.i_.i— 'l-'i-'»-'OOOOg o K-,)_itOtO(-*tOl-'l-'bObO» ro CoCOtOCO>(i».COCOCCrf^COti- oooooooooooooocooocoj^ tototoMtoto»-'t-')-'i-;gOlhfu.COt>3l-«OtDOO-^Oi:' b COtOtOtObSWfcOfcOCWtOp p CD g tr- CD '^ p-lJ. n CDp CC ^1I ^ (-1. n o 2 o s l-'O5D00--l0iOirf»-Wt*l-'Oi' jf^i-it-th-'t-''— 'i-'i-'i-''-''— 't^a -^ -J "M -^I --I ¦ 00 00 00 00 -4 • - , COtOr-O^OO-KjCiiJi --1 --1 -^ -a --* , OocC'MCncocnos'-'Otf^.ocDSi - s p B H en? CD l^- b' ^ S e 4 ti E£. - (Kl <^CD B'CD 3 » CD B CD B- o CDCD S CD CO I o td p p 1 1- CD o B-CD CO §-^ CD CO CO to 233 the same. The great excess of births over the deaths in both the preceding tables, is explained by the fact that there has been some increase of population, and by the further fact, that there has been a constant emigration from the town. Mr. Stephen Rice commenced a private record of the deaths in Marlborough in 1820, and continued it to 1850. Considering the means of information they possessed, there is a remarkable coincidence between the records kept by him and by Mrs. Wil liams, showing the accuracy of both. The discrepancy in sev- eml cases is accounted for by the fact, that in some instances persons were brought into toAvn for interment, who died out of town; and such cases are noted by one, and not by the other. We will give both records. Year. Mrs. W. Mr. B. Year. Mrs. W. Mr. n. Year. Mrs. W. Mr. R 1820 . . 37 35 1830 . . 32 32 1840 . 25 24 1821 . . 24 24 1831 . . 24 19 1841 . 24 24 1822 . . 26 27 1832 . . 33 30 1842 . 31 26 1823 . . 29 29 1833 . . 46 50 1843 . 39 39 182i . . 20 21 1834 . . 26 25 1844 . 26 26 1825 . . 39 40 1835 . . 38 38 1845 . 26 34 1826 . . 35 32 1836 . . 45 37 1846 . 26 28 1827 . . 29 28 1837 . . 37 37 1847 . 30 27 1828 . . 26 28 1838 . . 42 42 1848 . 32 36 1829 . . 39 40 Z' .1 1839 . 1 ¦ J . 20 . p -nir . 26 1849 . 35 41 These vieAVs of the mortality of Marlborough for ninety years, speak well for the health of the place. Few towns of the same population can produce a larger number of old people than Marl borough. Though many of the obituary records neglect to state the age, yet, imperfect as they are in this respect, they present numerous cases of remarkable longevity. Mary Rice died 1804, aged 99 ; Widow Abigail Robinson, aged 97 ; Widow Elizabeth Cole, 1813, aged 101 ; Keziah Smith, 1823, aged 103 ; Widow Silence Parmenter, 1829, aged 94; Widow Pmdence HoAve, 1831, aged 97; Phinehas Howe, 1832, aged 94; WidoAV Susanna Bmce, 1832, aged 99 ; Mrs. Bathsheba Ames, 1836, aged 95 ; Phinehas Moore, 1838, aged 98 ; Widow Anne Waters, 1838, aged 94 ; Widow Bardett, 1845, aged 95 ; Mrs. John Howe, 1845, aged 95 : Thomas Barnes, 1847, aged 98. From 1821 to 1849 inclusive, there were sixty-three persons who died in Marlborough, aged 85 years and upwards; viz., six aged 85 ; ten aged 86 ; fourteen aged 87 ; two, 88 ; four, 89 ; 234 ten, 90 ; two, 91 ; two, 92 ; two, 93 ; three, 94 ; three, 95 ; one, 97 ; tAVO, 98 ; one, 99 ; and one 103. Many single years present striking specimens of longevity. In 1813, there were among the deaths, one of 70 ; one of 77 ; one of 80 ; one of 87 ; one of 89 ; and one of 101. In 1832 there were thirty deaths. Of these there were, one aged 70 ; one, 76; one, 78; one, 94; and one, 99. In 1847 there Avere tAventy-seven deaths — one of a person aged 79; one, 85 ; one, 87; one, 89; and one, 98. Such specimens could be multiplied, even from the imperfect records. There are also many remarkable cases, where husbands and Avives have both lived to an advanced age, and in some cases died at nearly the same period. Edward Rice died 1712, aged 93 ; Agnes, his widow, died 1713, aged 83. Jacob Rice died 1746, aged 86 ; Mary, his widow, died 1752, aged 80. Peter Rice died 1753, aged 95 ; Rebecca, his wife, died 1749, aged 81. Joshua Rice died 1734, aged 73 ; Mary, his widow, died 1766, aged 95. Gershom Rice died 1790, aged 81 ; Lydia, his widow, died 1799, aged 87. Thomas Rice died 1840, aged 93 ; Abigail, his wife, died 1828, aged 73. Gershom Rice died 1837, aged 82 ; Susannah, his wife, died 1837, aged 79. AVilliam Gates died 1848, aged 86 ; Elizabeth, his wife, died 1842, aged 78. John Gleason died 1816, aged 91 ; Persis, his widow, died 1820, aged 92. Moses Woods died 1821, aged 81 ; Lydia, his widow, died 1826, aged 86. Samuel Stow died 1813, aged 90 ; Rebecca, his widow, died 1818, aged 91. John Stow died 1828, aged 88 ; Grace, his wife, died 1824, aged 78. John Hapgood died 1835, aged 82 ; Lucy, his widow, died 1838, aged 81. Jonathan Hapgood died 1849, aged 90 ; Jerusha, his wife, died 1842, aged 80. Thaddeus Warren died 1821, aged 75 ; Lucy, his widow, died next day, aged 74. Peter Howe died 1778, aged 84 ; Grace, his wife, died , aged 75. Josiah Howe died 1827, aged -78 ; Molly, his widow, died 1845, aged 93. Samuel Howe died 1820, aged 71 ; Hannah, his widow, died 1835, aged 92. Joseph Howe died 1775, aged 78 ; Ruth, his widow, died 1781, aged 87. Joseph Howe died 1800, aged 72 ; Grace, his widow, died 1816, aged 87. Phinehas Howe died 1832, aged 93 ; Lydia, his widow, died 1837, aged 84. Gershom Bigelow died 1812, aged 97 ; Mary, his wife, died 1802, aged 84. William Boyd died 1817, aged 82 : Lydia, his wife, died 1817, aged 72. Samuel Witt died 1847, aged 84 ; Lucy, his wife, died 1847, aged 88. This list could easdy be doubled, but enough has been given to show the longevity of many of the inhabitants. Several examples might be given of those now living as husband and wife, who have attained a great age ; but delicacy to the living forbids the mention of their names. Enough have been cited to show that Marlborough may be classed among the most healthy of our towns. The censuses show that in 1830, there were living in Marlborough fifteen persons between the ages of 80 235 and 90, and seven between the ages of 90 and 100 ; in 1840 there were twenty-one between the ages of 80 and 90, and two between 90 and 100 ; in 1855, there were twenty-two betAveen the ages of 80 and 90, and three between 90 and 100 ; and in 1860, there were twenty-three persons living, betAveen the ages of 80 and 90. Marlborough was incorporated, May 31, 1660, old style, not by any elaborate charter, setting forth its boundaries, duties and liabilities ; but by the laconic order, " That the name of the said plantation (Whipsufferage) shall be called Marlborow." It took its name, probably, from Marlborough in England, a town in Wilts County, seventy-five mdes from London. The name was formerly Avritten Marlberg, or Marlbridge, and Avas derived from the marl or chalk hills by AVhich it was surrounded. It was formerly a toAvn of considerable notoriety. King John, for a time, held his court there, and in the civil Avars during that period, the place was alternately held by the King and the Barons. The Assizes were held there from the time of Henry III. to that of Charles I. ; and in the fifty-second year of Henry III., Parliament assembled there. The town was chartered by Elizabeth. It is delightfully situated on the banks of the Kennett, on the northern verge of the forest of Lavenake. At the first settlement of Marlborough, in 1657, it was made one of the outposts of the Colony, and the " Connecticut way," or road, ran through the town. From that period onward, one of the principal lines of communication, Avest and south, was through this place. On this road, which was generally denom inated the "great road," the first line of mail coaches was run, by Capt. Levi Pease. It Avas through this toAvn that General Washington passed in 1789, dining at the old WiUiams Tavern, by the pond. It was here that he Avas met by Jonathan Jack son, Esq., marshal of the district, and Joseph Hall, Esq., aid to General Brooks, and others, to make arrangements for his recep tion in Boston. Marlborough continued to be a great thorough fare, till the introduction of railroads, Avhen the travel was diverted from the place. But though there is, at the present time, no long line of travel passing through the town, few places, remote from the great avenues, enjoy better railroad facilities 236 than Marlborough. A branch from the Fitchburg railroad, leaving the main trimk at South Acton, runs direct to Felton ville, and thence to a central part of the town, terminating at the old Common. And the Agricultural railroad, which deflects from the Boston and Worcester road at South Framingham, has a spur running to the main road in Marlborough vdlage, and terminating within sixty rods of the station of the other or northern road. Thus has the town the full benefit of two railroads, the depots of which are within five minutes' walk of each other. Cemeteries are becoming objects of attention, in most of our towns ; and their condition is being regarded as a sort of test of civilization, in the best sense of that term. The gloom which has been spread over the resting-place of the departed, and the forbidding appearance of our church-yards, are giving place to a more rational feeling and a better taste. The in creasing light of the Sun of Righteousness has, in a good degree, dispelled the darkness of the tomb, and chased away the unearthly spectres, which were supposed to visit nighdy the sepulchres of the dead. Christians, of all denominations, are beginning to regard the burial-places of their friends, as peaceful shades to which they can profitably resort to muse in sweet melancholy upon the uncertainty of human life, and to call up anew the dear remembrance of departed friends. Such views and feelings have created a disposition to beautify and adorn the grounds where the dead are reposing. Though Marlborough has no rural cemetery, in the popular sense of the phrase, the people have, Avithin a few years, given increased attention to the burial-places of their friends. The oldest yard in the town is adjoining the old Common, located, agreeably to the early custom, so near the meeting house as to merit the designation of the " church-yard." The inclosure is filled with graves, and has been in a measure dis used as a place of burial for some time. Not only the crowded condition of the yard, but the moist, springy state of the soil, has contributed to the desire to seek other and more favorable places for the interment of the dead. This yard, while it possesses no outward attraction, should be cherished as the first burial-place in the town. Here rest the remains of many of 237 the first settlers of the township. This yard, like most of our old cemeteries, shows the comparative indifference with which too many, at this day, regard the resting place of their ancestors. With the exception of a small portion, but little order has been observed in the arrangement of the graves ; and the briars and wild grass which are permitted to grow unmolested, prove that the present generation cannot with grace accuse those who have gone before them, with a want of taste. Some of the stones have so sunken into the earth as to present an imsightly appearance ; some of them have partially or wholly fallen down, and many are so covered with moss, as to render the inscription nearly or quite illegible.* A small expense Avould materially change its appearance for the better, and make this yard an ornament to the Common on which it borders. The next oldest burial-place is what was formerly known as the " Burying Hill," situated some eighty rods easterly of Spring Hill meeting-house. It contains about two acres, is situated on a rise of ground, and is nearly filled up. It has several handsome lots, with stones of a neat and tasteful char acter ; though, as a whole, the yard is neglected, and briars are suffered to grow up amid the graves. Like most of the old yards, the grounds were not laid out with any system ; so that we have not only " uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture," but great irregularity in the location of the graves. The ground being ledgy, is not well adapted to burial purposes. To the eastward of this, and not far from the residence of Capt. Aaron Stevens, is another inclosure, dedicated to the same object. It is situated on a rise of ground, is laid out in good taste, and is capable of being made an attractive place. It has several handsome stones, with elegant devices, and the forest trees on its border give it a rural appearance. The lot contains about two acres ; but a portion of the surface being a ledge, it cannot all be used for interments. It is a great im provement upon the older yards. In the West Parish, some eighty rods south-easterly of the pond, is a cemetery which has been used forty or fifty years. * A solution of sal soda applied to the stones will remove the moss, and restore the slate to its original bright appearance. It is also a fact worthy of being known, that the best quality of slate is more enduring, and can be more easily kept in its original state than any marble. 31 238 The location upon the side hill is pleasant, but the absence of trees and shrabbery gives it a bleak appearance, and deprives it of that rural character so desirable in a cemetery. A little labor bestowed upon the grounds, and the planting of trees, would add greatly to its beauty. There is a cemetery containing nearly two acres, about three- fourths of a mile from the centre of Feltonville, on the Boston road. The character of the soil, and the undulating surface, render it Avell adapted for the purpose to which it has been dedicated. But, unfortunately, no system has been adopted in the location of the lots, and the walks between the lots are altogether too narrow, either for comfort or taste. Let those who are interested in this cemetery enlarge the inclosure, and cause one or more avenues, of sufficient width for carriages, to be laid out, and with a trifling expense they can make it a place of beauty and attraction. Nature has done her part, and art can easily make it all that is desirable. If the subject is at tended to now, before the lot is encumbered by graves, a neAT beauty Avould be added to the portion already occupied, and the residue of the grounds would thereby be rendered more acces sible. A tasteful laying out of the grounds, the removal of some of the forest trees, and the planting of others, would greatly improve its appearance, and render this cemetery more delightful than any one in the town. It has, already, a number of well-prepared lots and attractive monuments. There is also a cemetery near the house of Mr. Abel Brig ham, commenced about twenty years ago, containing neariy two acres. It is situated ui a retired spot, has several hand some marble monuments, and is well laid out. This cemetery is kept in a neat condition, and when the trees are grown, will make a pleasant retreat, Avhere, amid the beauties of nature, the living can hold communion with the departed, undisturbed by the hum of business, or the presence of the passing multi tude. Another yard in the south-easterly part of the town, near the house of Stephen Morse, Esq., contains at the present time about two acres. It was first used as a burial-place about 1700, and contains several hundred graves. The people in that part of the town are beginning to ornament it with trees, so that it may become a place of pleasant resort. 239 There is also a small yard near the old Weeks place, com menced about thirty years ago. There is a small yard near Robin Hill school-house, Avhere a few families have been buried. If the people of Marlborough had united and selected a suitable place for the purpose, they might have had a rural cemetery which would be an honor and ornament to the toAvn. There is something pleasing in the thought, that all who act together in life, should rest in one common inclosure, Avhen the labors of life are over. As this chapter is designed to be somewhat miscellaneous, it will not be out of place to mention a custom which prevailed in early times in the Colony. In the first settlement of the towns, when cattle ran at large, it was found convenient to brand them, so that they could be identified. Individuals adopted such marks as they pleased ; but it was thought wise that the toAvns should have some mark, so that when cattle wandered to a distance, it might be known to what town they belonged. In 1662, the inhabitants of Marlborough applied to the General Court ; and in answer to their petition, the Court authorized them to adopt as a " brand marke " the following character : m As we have frequent occasion, especially in the Genealogy, to speak of " freemen," and of individuals being " admitted freemen," it seems proper that a few words should be said upon that subject. A "freeman" was one Avho was allowed the right of suffrage, and was eligible to office. Our pious ances tors guarded the ballot-box with peculiar care. As early as 1631, they ordered that " no man shall be admitted to the free dom of the Commonwealth, but such as are members of some of the churches within the limits of this jurisdiction." This law operating hardly against Some recent emigrants, it Avas so modified in 1662, that all Englishmen " shall present a certifi cate, under the hand of the minister or ministers of the place where they dwell, that they are orthodox in religion, and not vicious in their lives ; and also a certificate from the Selectmen, that they are freeholders, ratable to the county, in a single 240 county rate to the full value of ten shillings," and they may then present themselves to the General Court for admittance as freemen ; and if accepted by the Court, may enjoy the priv ileges of freemen in the Commonwealth. But before, or rather as a part of the induction into the high and responsible post of freeman, the following solemn oath was to be taken : " I, A. B., being by God's providence, an inhabitant and freeman within the jurisdiction of this Commonwealth, do freely acknowledge myself to be subject to the government thereof, and therefore do swear, by the great and dreadful name of the everlasting God, that I will he true and faithful to the same, and will accordingly yield assistance and support thereunto with my person and estate, as in equity I am bound, and also truly endeavor to main tain and preserve all the liberties and privileges thereof, submitting myself to the wholesome laws and orders, made and established by the same ; and further, that I will not plot nor practice any evil against it, nor consent to any that shall so do, but will timely discover and reveal the same to lawful authority now here established, for the speedy preventing thereof; moreover, I do solemnly bind myself in the sight of God, that when I shall be called to give my voice touching any such matters of this State wherein freemen are to deal, I will give my vote and suffrage, as I shall judge in my conscience, may best conduce and tend to the public weal of the body, without respect of persons, or favor of any man. So help me God, in the Lord Jesus Christ." After being thus qualified by the vote of the Court, and by taking the above oath, the freeman was allowed to vote in the elections in the following manner, and under the fodowing penalty : " It is ordered by this Court, and by the authority thereof, that for the yearly choosing of assistants, the freemen shall use Indian corn and beans — the Indian corn to manifest election, the beans the contrary ; and if any freeman shad put in more than one Indian corn or bean, for the choice or refusal of any public officer, he shall forfeit, for every such offense, ten pounds ; and that any man that is not a freeman, or hath not liberty of voting, putting in any vote, shall forfeit the like sum of ten pounds." The freemen at first were all required to appear before the General Court, to give their votes for assistants; but it was found inconvenient, and even dangerous, for all of them to assemble in one place, leaving their homes unprotected ; and hence it was ordered, " That it shall be free and lawful for all. freemen to send their votes for elections by proxy, in the next 241 General Court in May, and so for hereafter, which shall be done in this manner : The deputy which shall be chosen, shall cause the freemen of the town to be assembled, and then take such freemen's votes, as please to send them by proxy, for any magis trates, and seal them up severally, subscribing the magistrate's name on the back side, and to bring them to the Court, sealed, with an open roll of the names of the freemen that so send them." But though corn and beans were sufficient to elect an Assist ant, for Govemor, Deputy Governor, Major General, Treasurer, Secretary, and Commissioners of the United Colonies, it Avas required that the freemen should make use of written ballots. There are some miscellaneous matters connected with the histories of towns, which are Avorthy of being recorded, as they cast light upon the spirit of the age, and the manners and customs of the people. Among the officers deemed important by our fathers, were the '^Tythingmen ;" and this class was, in the early days of our country, regarded as of the highest importance. The tythingmen were generally among the most sedate and respectable men in the toAvns, and were a kind of religious police, Avhose special duty it was to see that the Sab bath was duly observed, and that the boys, and others, behave orderly at religious meetings. They were frequently so posted in the meeting-houses, as to have the Avhole congregation in view, in order to detect any indecoram. Especially was it required of them to see that no impropriety was committed at noon-time, by the young people who remained about the place of worship. In Marlborough, as in other towns, some of their best and most respectable men held, from time to time, the dignified place of tythingman. Nearly connected with the duties of the tythingmen, Avere the " Stocks," which were regarded as an important toAvn insti tution, for a terror to evil-doers. They were constructed of plank attached together by a hinge, or something of that sort, at one end, and so arranged that they could be opened and closed at pleasure. The edges of the plank where they came together, were so cut or rounded out, as to admit the Avrists, ankles, and sometimes necks of the culprits, when the stocks were opened ; but when they were closed, the individuals were held fast by the arm, leg, or neck, or by all together, during the pleasure of the authorities ; for when they were closed 242 and locked, it was impossible for the individual to extricate himself These stocks were sometimes located under the stairs leading to the gallery of the meeting-house, and being generally attached to the building, constituted a sort of prison, Avhere the disorderly could be confined, and more gross offenders punished. Marlborough, of course, had this emblem of justice and civiliza tion. When the town authorities, headed by the tythingman, confined disorderly boys, and others who disturbed the peace of society, and especially the quiet of the Sabbath, they were but carrying out the sentiments of the people, and obeying the laws of the land. The records of the General Court show numerous instances in Avhich towns Avere fined for not provid ing stocks — so important were they considered in those days. A few specimens of the records of the General Court, will show how the congregated wisdom of the Colony regarded crimes, and what species of offenses were justly punishable by this kind of confinement. "George Palmer, having committed folly with Margary Ruggs through her allurment, because hee confessed voluntarily, hee was onely set in the stocks, and so dismissed. Margary Ruggs, for entising and alluring George Palmer, was censured to be severely whipped." " James Brown is censured for drunkenness, to bee set two hours in the , bilboes (stocks), Upon the market day at Boston, publicly." " John Smyth, of Meadford, for swearing, being penitent, was set in the bilboes," " Robert Shorthouse was set in the bilboes, for sliteing the magistrates in his speeches." "Francis Weston's wife (crime not mentioned) was censured to be set 2 hours in the bilboes here, and 2 hours at Salem, upon a Lecture day." " John Wedgewood, for being in the company of drunkards, was set in the stocks at Ipswich." Such were some of the sentences which Avere passed by the " Great and General Court," Avhen they acted in a judicial capacity. But in a few years, they appointed local magistrates in many of the towns, " to try small causes," or " end small businesses;" and hence the stocks or bilboes Avere in a great measure handed over to local authorities. But the action of the General Court shows the importance with which this kind of punishment was viewed ; and hence the towns, in putting the stocks in requisition, were but carrying out public sentiment. In fact, the towns at that day might as well be without a pound, 243 for the confinement of unruly cattle, as to be without stocks to confine the more turbulent bipeds. Another officer of no small importance in early days, was the Constable. This office was rendered critical from the fact that the constable was made collector of all taxes ; and was gen erally held to a very strict account, for the whole sum com mitted to him for collection. This, occasionally, rendered the office very undesirable. And in some toAvns a considerable accession Avas, at particular times, made to the funds of the treasury by fines which Avere paid by men elected to that office, who refused to accept of the honor conferred upon them by their fellow-citizens. In some cases, three or four would be elected to this office, before one could be found who would consent to wear honors so unwelcome, though bestowed by the unsought suffrages of the people. The manners and customs of our fathers often discover them selves in the records of their times. The record of an immate rial fact Avill often disclose the customs, and even the habits of thought of a whole people. It has often been said, that the laws of a people show at once their vices and their virtues. So the records of courts show the crimes into which some fall, and the stern justice Avhich visits their crimes with condign punish ment. Our fathers were generally severe in their punishments, and we naturally smile at the mention of their strictness. But we should always judge men by -the spirit of the age in Avhich they lived, and by the customs which then prevailed. Stern ness to mark offenses and to punish them, was one of their distinguishing characteristics ; and if they carried this feeling too far, there is some danger of our falling into the opposite extreme. If they had too much reverence, we may have too little ; if they were too great sticklers for religious observances, we may be too lax on this great subject. And though we may justly claim an amelioration in our laws, and an improve ment in our jurispradence, we claim too much, when Ave sup pose that every change is an improvement, and that we are praiseworthy, simply because we differ from them. It is well, however, that we make ourselves acquainted with their laws and usages, that we may see wherein the difference consists. I wdl give a few specimens of their punishments, as tending to show the change that has taken place in two centuries ; and 244 while we condemn them, we must remember that such was the feeling of that age ; and that if we had lived in that time, we should in all probability have imbibed the same principles and cherished the same feelings. " It is ordered that John Baker be whipped for shooting att fowie on the Sabbath day." " Thomas Pettet, for suspition of slander, idlenesse and stubbornness, is censured to be severely whipped, and to be kept in hould." " Benjamin Hubbard was solemnly admonished of his failing, for being in company with James Browne and the rest, and often drinking of the strong water bottle with them, and not reproving them." " Robert Bartlet, being presented for cursing and swearing, was censured to have his tongue put in a clift stick." " Katharine, the wife of Samuel Fitch, being accused of speaking against the magistrates, against the churches, and against the elders, was censured to bee whipped, and committed till the next General Court." " Mr. Thomas Makepeace, because of his novile disposition, was informed wee were weary of him unless hee reforrae." " William Bartlet, for distemperdness in drinking, and lying, was fined 20*. by the Governor, Treasurer, and Secretary." " Nich. Ellen was fined 40s. for idleness and disorderly living, and had liberty till the next Court to settle himself." " Ralf Allen was fined 10*. for releasing a servant before the expiration of his time." " John Goss, for common railing, was disfranchised, fined 20*. and com mitted to prison." " Robert Saltonstall is fined 5s. for presenting his petition in so small and bad a piece of paper." " Robert Coles is fiined xl., and enjoined to stand with a white sheet of paper on his back, wherein 'A Drdnkard ' shalhe written in Great Letters, and to stand therewith soe longe as the Court thinks meete, for abusing himself shamefully with drink." " Capt. Lovell was admonished to take heede of light carriage." We will conclude this list with a case more severe and san guinary. "It is ordered, that Phillip Rutliffe shalhe whipped, have his ears cut off, fiined 40£ and banished out of y» lymitts of this jurisdiction, for uttering malicious and scandalous speeches against the Government and church of Salem, as appears hy a particular thereof proved upon oath." These examples show with what care our ancestors watched the morals of the community ; and if they were severe in their penalties, we must ascribe it to the spirit of the age in which they lived. 245 As Ave have presented some of the sterner features of our forefathers' character, in their criminal code, Ave Avill give a specimen of their modest simplicity in relation to dress. " The Court taking into consideration the great superfluous and unneces sary expenses occasioned by some new and immodest fashions, as also the ordinary wearing of silver, gold, and silk laces, girdles, hat bands, &c., hath therefore ordered that no person, either man or woman, shall hereafter make or buy any apparel, either woolen, silk or linen, with any lace on it, silver, gold, or thread, under the penalty of forfeiture of such cloathes. Also that no person, either man or woman, shall make or buy any slashed cloathes, other than one slash in each sleeve, and another in the hack ; also all cut works, embroidered or needle work caps, bands, and rayles, are forbidden hereafter to be made and worne, under the aforesaid penalty ; also all gold or silver girdles, hat-bands, belts, ruffs, beaver hats are prohibited to be bought, and worne, under the same penalty." If, in the penal code, we have improved upon the severity of our fathers, I feai- that in republican simplicity, and in house hold economy, they have the advantage of us ; and though I would not return fully to their simplicity in dress, I am satisfied that we might profit by their example, and lop off some of our " superfluous and unnecessary expenses, occasioned by some new and immodest fashions." By so doing, we might diminish our expenditure in dress, and lessen the circumference of some fashionable people ; and so keep within the bounds of reason. 32 CHAPTER XII. STATISTICAL HISTORY. The Population of Marlborough in each Decade, from its Incorporation to the Present Time — Valuations at Different Periods — Manufactures and Other Productions — Growth of the Town — The Centre Villages — Feltonville — Shoe Manufactories — Savings Bank — Insurance Company — Maynard's Bequest — List of Volunteers for the Army. Nothing would be more interesting, than a connected view of the population and Avealth of the toAvn from its first settle ment to the present day. To Avitness the increase of its inhab itants, the development of its resources, the progress of its civil ization ; its advance in agriculture, literature and religion ; and to realize fully this planting, budding, and bursting into life of an organized community, which is destined lo advance in whatever Avill improve, refine, and elevate society ; — we must go back in imagination, and place ourselves in a wdderness, among a people, inured to toil and hardship, ready to fell the gnarled oak, to turn the rugged soil, and to expel the beasts of prey, that they might fit up habitations for the abode of domestic peace and enjoyment. We must contemplate a race whose rough and manly virtues had not been enervated by luxury, whose perseverance was untiring, and whose faith was bordering upon assurance ; a race prepared to do, to dare, and if need be, to die for their privileges as citizens, or their rights as Christians. Such Avas the character of our sires, and such the situation in Avhich they Avere placed. If this view of the subject is thought too imaginative, the reader will probably find the rest of this chapter sufficiently real and tangible, to balance the account. At the incorporation of the township in 1660, it is probable that some of the men then in the town, had not moved their famdies to the place. Coming from Sudbury, only about eight miles distant, they would undoubtedly leave, ui most 247 cases, their famdies, till they had made some preparation to receive them. Nor is it probable that many of them Avould erect even a cabin, until they kncAv the lot which they could occupy as their own. Some, however, had so far anticipated what is now known as " squatter sovereignty," as to erect rude habitations in advance of the division of the lands. On the division of their lots, immediately after their act of incorpora tion, it appears that there were thirty-eight proprietors who shared in this distribution. It is not probable that more than one-half of that number were actual residents in the town at the time ; and not more than eight or ten of that number had their famdies in town within the year 1660. If we estimate these households at the usual number of five to a famdy, and include those who were then without their families, the population in 1660, may be set down at 55 souls. But in a fcAv years, there Avas a considerable increase of the population. Before 1665, Nathaniel Johnson, Samuel Ward, Abraham Williams, John Woods, Jr., John Brigham, Thomas Brigham, Thomas Barnes, Thomas Wheeler, Thomas Barrett, and several others, appear to have joined the settlement. A Committee of the Legislature, in 1665, state the number of proprietors at forty-four. And though the Avhole number were not in town at that time, and all Avho Avere there had not prob ably brought their families to the place ; yet it should be re membered, that as there Avas no apprehension from the Indians at that period, and as our mothers shared in the enterprise and courage of our fathers, they would be likely to follow their husbands at an early day, and partake with them of the hardr ships and privations of the wilderness. Gookin, in 1671, says that the number of famdies m Marlborough, at that time, fell a little short of fifty. If we should estimate their number in 1670 at forty, and should add ten more for those who had come to the place without families, Ave should have a population at that time of 210 ; which cannot vary much from the true number. There were some accessions to the population during the first half of the decade commencing with 1670 ; but the breaking out of Philip's war, in 1675, dispersed the inhabitants, some of whom did not return tdl nearly 1680. A few, perhaps, did not return till after that period ; though there must have been some 248 increase in a portion of the families, so that the population in 1680 may be set doAvn at the same, substantially, that it was ten years before, viz. 212. From 1680 to 1690, there Avas a fair increase in the popu lation. The return of peace would naturally invite settlers, and the opening of the Indian Plantation, in 1684, could not fail to invite people to the place ; and though the settlers on the plantation did not strictly belong to Marlborough tiU 1719, as they attended church there, and were in fact one community with the Marlborough people, they may, for the purpose we have in vicAV, be included in her population. And in fact, as we find early in the decade beginning with 1690, the names of Martin, and Taylor, and Gove, and Stow, and Keyes, and Joslin, and Eager, and Parker, and SaAvyer, and some others, Ave can safely add them to the list of families. Besides, the old families had sensibly multiplied ; and whoever is acquainted with the number of chddren composing most of the families at that day, will be satisfied that the popular average of five per sons to a household, Avill fall short of the actual number. We must, however, bear in mind th;it the spirit of emigration not only brought people into the town, but induced some that were there, to seek ncAv homes in more Avestern localities. From these considerations, and a view of the whole subject, we can not estimate the population in 1690, at less than 375. After 1690, there was quite an accession to the popula tion. The Morses, the BigeloAvs, the Weekses, the Hapgoods, and other immigrants, considerably swelled the number of fam ilies ; and the natural increase among the old settlers ushered in the new century with a large addition to the population. In a controversy in relation to settling a minister, in 1701, Ave find that about one hundred and ten of the citizens were enlisted in it ; and if we suppose that three-fourths of them were heads of families, and add half a dozen more Avho would take no part in the controversy, we should have a population, in 1700, of about 530. As nothing occurred to impede the groAvth of the place, the population during the first decade in the century must have increased sonicAvhat rapidly. There were, of course, new families coming into town ; and many of the- old ones, true to the command to " increase and multiply," furnishing 249 chddren by the dozen, would naturally SAvell the tide of pop ulation. We have, however, in this case, a better criterion hy which to estimate the population than we have had in any pre ceding period. In 1711, Avhen danger Avas apprehended from the Indians, the town created twenty-six places of refuge, located in different parts of the town, by erecting stockade, or log defenses, around the dwellings. A committee of some of the principal citizens was appointed to assign the different fam ilies to the respective garrisons. By their report Ave learn that there were one hundred and thirty-three families ; and estimat ing them at six to a family, we have a population of 798, in 1710. The next decade witnessed a large increase of population, but this was both augmented and diminished by extraneous causes. Annexing the Indian Plantation to Marlborough, in 1719, and setting off Chauncy to form the town of West borough, in 1717, each had a sensible effect upon the popula tion, though they probably nearly balanced each other. We have no means of ascertaining, exactly, how many inhabitants belonged to either of these tracts of country. There were about thirty families on the Indian Plantation in 1719. The portion taken from Marlborough contained more than twice as much territory as that included in the Indian Plantation, but perhaps about the same amount of population. The toAvn of Westborough must have had quite a number of families, for the year after their separation they built a meeting-house, and soon after settled and maintained a minister. About the same time, an emigration to Shrewsbury commenced. Under these circumstances, Ave think the population, in 1720, may be set doAvn at 795. The next decade was similarly affected ; the population was augmented by the removal into town of several families, and by a natural increase, Avhich Avould have carried the population up to nearly a thousand ; but within this period, the Stony Brook neighborhood Avas set off to form the town of South borough ; and the emigration to Shrewsbury and other towns continuing, Marlborough was hardly able to hold her oAvn in point of numbers. We estimate the population in 1730, at 775. It wdl be seen by this comparison, that Marlborough was doomed to heavy losses, both in territory and in people ; and 250 had it not been for an annexation of a tract of land north of the Indian Plantation on the line of StoAv— of the " Farm," Avith several famdies upon it — and especially of the Indian Plantation, her limits Avould have been very much circum scribed, and her population gready reduced. Besides, Marl borough, during her whole early history, was a sort of cradle town, which, like WatertoAvn, Concord, and Roxbury, was rearing emigrants who were moving to Worcester, and Brook field, and Rutland, and other toAvns farther west. From 1730 to 1740, several new families came to the place, and the population increased to about 900. In 1750, the population must have been not far from 1,000. During the period from 1730 to 1750, there were many emi grants who went out from Marlborough. In 1736, a new township, west of Connecticut river, was granted to seventy- two proprietors, a great part of whom belonged to this town. That toAvnship was incorporated in 1750, by the name of Ncav Marlborough, from the fact that many of the original proprie tors and first settlers were from this town. The first white inhabitant of the new township was Benjamin Wheeler, of Marlborough, who spent the hard Avinter of 1739-40 in the place, when there was no white inhabitant nearer than Shef field, a distance of more than ten miles. The next summer, Noah Church, Jabez Ward, Elias Keyes, John Taylor, Wdliam Witt, and probably others from Marlborough, settled there. In 1750, Daniel Stewart, who was clerk of the proprietors, states that fifty-seven lots were taken, and the names of Fay, Howe, Rice, Brigham, Newton, and Goodnow, appear on the list — showing that Marlborough must have contributed largely to that settlement. These facts are stated here, to show that there was a very large drain from the toAvn of Marlborough ; which accounts for the fact that her population increased so slowly. In 1760, the population was probably about 1,175. In 1765, we have a Province census, which shows a population at that time of 1,287. In 1770, Ave have an official number of the pods in the town, viz. 322 ; and as the town at that time was pinely agricultural, and the polls Avere then taxed at the age of sixteen years, it is fair to estimate the population at that period at about 1,300. 251 The period which followed 1770, Avas of course materially affected by the war. There Avas but little emigration during this decade, and the natural increase would have swelled the population materially, but for the Avar. Those who have not examined the subject carefully, are hardly aware to what an extent population is retarded by war. Some are killed in battle ; more, generally, die of disease, either in the service, or immediately on their return home. Besides, those in the service are mostly the young, the producing classes, so far as popula tion is concerned. Soldiers are in many cases single men, and after they return from service, are not usually in a condition to support families ; and hence, if they marry at all, are apt to marry late in life. All these circumstances tend directly to check the natural increase of population. We are, therefore, not to look for a great increase betAveen 1770 and 1780. In 1778, Mariborough had 352, and in 1781, 370 polls. Taking the average proportion, there Avould be 364 polls in 1780. This would give a population of about 1,465. From 1780 to 1790, there was a sort of breaking up of the elements of population throughout the State. With the return of peace, there was considerable change in the business affairs of the community, and the inhabitants of the older towns, in many cases, sought an abode in new toAvnships. Marlborough experienced a heavy drain from this cause. Several families moved to Henniker and Marlborough, N. H., and other places. In 1784, when the district of Berlin Avas created, David Taylor, Sdas Carley, John Spofford and John Brigham, with their fami lies, were taken from Marlborough, to help form that district. This loss of poj)ulation was compensated for by the fact that, soon after, the line between Marlborough and Framingham was altered, by which Marlborough received Jonathan Robinson, widower, Amos Darling, Jonas Darling, and their famdies, Avho had formerly resided on territory belonging to Framingham. In 1790, the first United States census was taken, and from that time to the present, we have an official statement of the population every ten years, given with more or less particularity, according to the character of the respective censuses. Unfor tunately there has been no uniform system in classifying the population ; each census in this respect, being independent of every other. Hence the variety in the succeeding tables. 252 To exhibit the population of Marlborough at a glance, we will present it in a tabular form. Population of Marlborough at tlie Commencement of each Decennial Period, from its Incorporation to the present time. Year, Population 1660 .... 55] 1670 . 210 1680 . 212 1690 . 375 i 1700 . 530 1710 . 798 1720 . 795 J 375 } Not official, i 1760 Year. Population 1730 . . . . 775 1740 . . . . 900 1750 . . . . 1,000 1760 . . . . 1,175 1770 . . . . 1,300 1780 . , . . 1,465 The following is from official sources : Year. Population. Year. 1790 1,554 1800 , Population. 1,635 1810.— Population, 1,674, with the follovi^ing details ; Under 10, 10 to 16, 16 to 26, Males 229 132 144 Females 238 129 137 Colored, 26 to 4,5. 45 and upwards. Total, 138 174 817 152 179 855 2 1820. — Population, 1,952, with the foUoAving details : 1,674 Under 10. 10 to 16, 16 to 18. 16 to 26, 26 to 45. 45 and upwards. Total, Males, . . . 283 144 47 170 181 172 950 Females, . . 265 138 189 189 210 991 Colored, . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . 11 1,952 1830. — Population, 2,074, Avith the foUowing details : 5 Under 5. to 10. 10 to 15, 15 to 20, 20 to 30. 30 to 40, 40 to 50, 50to 60, 60 to70, 70 to SO, so to SO. OO to 100, Total. Males, . . . 165 150 133 106 160 140 72 44 39 26 8 2 1,045 Females, . . 165 134 117 99 162 118 95 60 37 35 7 5 1,024 Colored, . . . . . . . , . . . . 5 1840.— Population, 2,092 with the following details ; 8 10 Under 6, to to 10, 16, 20 2,074 .¦iO fiO 70 SO 90 to to to Total 60, 70. 80, DO. 100, Males, . . 132 106 142 118 171 132 98 63 41 23 9 1 1,026 Females, . 150 132 120 114 163 127 91 83 40 33 12 1 1,066 2^ 253 1850.— Population, 2,941. Males 1,552 Females 1,379 Colored, 10 2,941 The above census does not give the details as to age. 1855. — Population, 4,288, by the State census, with the following details : Males, Females. Native. Foreign, Colored. Total. 2,255 2,033 3,262 1,021 5 4,288 5 10 15 20 SO 40 50 60 70 80 SO Under 5. to to to to to to to to to to to Total. 10. 15, 20. 30. 40, 50. 60, 70. 80. 90. 100. 592 392 393 477 967 660 343 217 142 72 22 3 4,288 I860. — ^Population, 5,910, Avith the following details: 1 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 SO Under 1. to to to to to to to to to to to Total. 6. 10 15. 20. 30. 40. 60. 00. 70. 8lJ, 80. Males, . 105 356 293 232 343 774 483 215 143 87 33 9 3,073 Females, 110 354 314 227 273 652 398 206 142 94 50 14 2,834 Colored 3 5,910 It would be interesting, Avere we able to give the Valuation of the toAvn in the different periods of its history. But we have no facts to enable us to furnish this information. The records afford no data, and it is only from a few fragmentary papers, gathered from different sources, that the following facts are gleaned ; but, disconnected as they are, they give some inform ation concerning the pecuniary condition of the town. In 1771, the Assessors return to the General Court 287 pods taxed, and 36 not taxed ; 169 dAvelling-houses ; 394 oxen ; 933 cows ; 218 horses ; and 3,297 barrels of cider. They also mention a species of property not known or recognized by our laws at the present day, viz., slaves. They were held by the following persons : Henry Barnes, Esq., 2 ; Abraham Rice, 1 ; Edward Johnson, 1 ; and Hannah Brigham, 1. It is due, hoAvever, to the people of Marlborough to say, that, from the first, the number of slaves in this town was less than in most places of its size. Slavery existed, to a limited extent, in the State, up to the adoption of the constitution in 1780, when it was annulled by the organic law. But it never extended far into the interior, and where it existed, it was in a modified form. 33 254 As the polls returned in 1770, furnish the only complete list of the inhabitants at that day, I will insert them, with the number of polls against each householder. Names. Polls. Samuel Brigham I Uriah Brigham 1 George Brigham 2 Ithamar Brigham I Paul Brigham 1 Ephraim Brigham 3 Joseph Brigham 2 Benjamin Brigham 3 Asa Brigham I Solomon Brigham I Caleb Brigham 2 Peter Bender I Joh Carley 2 Adonijah Church 3 Jonathan Clefard 1 Ezekiel Clisby I Jacob Felton 2 Silas Gates I William Goddard 2 John Gleason 1 Joseph Gleason I Elizur Holyoke 1 Joseph Howe 1 Joseph Howe, Jr 2 Samuel Sherman 2 David Smith ] John Smith 1 Nathaniel Smith 1 Samuel Smith I Manning Sawin 1 Jason Sherman 1 Joseph Townsend, Jr I Jonathan Temple 1 John Warren 2 John Weeks 1 Francis Weeks 1 Samuel Witt 1 Samuel Witt, Jr 1 Daniel Ward 1 John Woods 1 Josiah Wilkins 1 Joseph Wheeler 1 Alpheus Woods 2 Joseph Williams Jabez Walcutt Thomas Walkup Benjamin Whitcomb , Josiah Witt Solomon Bowker Benjamin Wilder Jonathan Weeks Samuel Hunting Josiah Howe , Witherbee Whitney John Priest, Jr. . Benjamin Sawin Thomas Berry Charles Whitcomb John Baker John Whitney Amos Edmands Jacob Heminway Aaron Eames John Shattuck William Speakman G. William Speakman Joseph Darling John Huntford John Bannester Solomon Barnard Daniel Barnes Daniel Barnes, Jr Solomon Barnes John Barnes Moses Barnes Aaron Barnes Henry Barnes Jonathan Barnes, Jr John Barnes, Jr. Edward Barnes Mary Beaman Noah Beaman Peter Bent 3 Jonas Bartlett 1 255 William Boyd Abijah Berry Ivory Bigelow Jonathan Bigelow Joel Bigelow Noah Bigelow William Bigelow Thaddeus Howe Phinehas Howe Artemas Howe Elizabeth Howe Abraham Howe Asa Howe Eleazer Howe Luther Howe Luke Howe Elisha Hudson Simon Howe Elisha Hedge Moses Howe Lucy Howe Noah Howe Edward Johnson Hezekiah Maynard Ichabod Jones Zaccheus Maynard Solomon Newton Ezekiel Newton John Parker Josiah Parker Andrew Rice 3 Jabez Rice 4 Jonah Rice 3 Zerubbabel Rice 2 Abraham Rice 3 Jesse Rice 3 Gershom Rice 2 Ebenezer Richard I John Richard I Joseph Stratton I Jonathan Stratton 1 Samuel Stratton I Rediat Stewart 1 Josiah Stow 1 Samuel Stanhope 1 Robert Sinclair I Names. Poii,. Jonas Temple 1 Jonathan Tainter 1 Abraham Williams 3 Larkin Williams I George Williams I William Williams 1 James Woods 2 Moses Woods I Peter Wood 2 Samuel Ward 2 Silas Wheeler I Caleb Winchester I Reuben Ward I William Slack 1 Joshua Bayley I Joseph Lamb 1 Jonathan Robinson I James Bowers I Samuel Curtis 1 Abraham Amsden 2 Joseph Arnold 2 Robert Baker 1 Winslow Brigham 1 Jonathan Barnes 1 Fortunatus Barnes 1 Frederick Barnes 1 Thomas Bigelow 1 Gershom Bigelow 1 Timothy Bigelow I Jesse Bush 2 Micah Bush 2 John Bruce I William Bruce 1 Samuel Bruce I Amasa Cranston 2 Abner Cranston I Thomas Carr I Daniel Cook 1 Robert Cane I Timothy Cheney I John Demont 1 Benjamin Dudley I Lucas Dunn I John Darling I Alexander Boyd I Hezekiah Maynard I 256 Names Polls- Stephen Hale 1 Samuel Phillips I Levi Fay 1 Ephraim Barber 1 Francis Stevens I Samuel Havens 1 Jack Rice 1 Silas Carley I Moses Fay I Samuel Ward 1 Silas Rice I John Dexter 2 Robert Eames 2 Robert Eames, Jr 1 Uriah Eager I Uriah Eager, Jr I Jonathan Eager 2 John Eager 2 Aaron Eager I Nathaniel Faulkner I Archelaus Felton I Nathan Goodale I Abel Goulding 3 Phinehas Gates I John Gold I Nathaniel Gibbs 1 Abigail Hapgood I Mary Hapgood I Peter Howe I Seth IIoAve I Peter Howe, Jr 2 Thomas Howe, Jr 2 Ebenezer Hager I William Hager 1 Daniel Harrington 2 James Harrington 1 Edward Hunter 5 Names. Polls. Daniel Hayden I Jacob Hale I Jacob Harrington I John Maynard I Ebenezer Maynard I Ebenezer Joslin I Nathan Mann 2 Micah Newton 2 William Newton 2 Joshua Newton I Adonijah Newton I Benjamin Rice I John Randall I Jabez Rice, Jr 1 Nathan Reed I Simon Stow 3 Samuel Stevens 3 Silas Jewell I Thomas Goodale I Jonathan Loring I Joseph Lawes I Jonas Morse I William Morse I Jonas Morse, Jr I Stephen Morse 2 Ephraim Maynard 4 Ephraim Maynard, Jr I John Priest 1 Joseph Potter I Ephraim Potter I John Putnam 1 Abraham Randall I David Rand I Thomas Stow I Samuel Stow I Josiah Stow I John Stow I PETER BENT, SAMUEL STOW, EDWARD BARNES, ' Assessors for " 1770. The men who paid the largest tax in Marlborough, at this period, Avere Ephraim Brigham, Henry Barnes, Joseph Howe, Peter Bent, Hezekiah Maynard, and Zerubbabel Rice. 257 In 1781, it appears by a return made by the Assessors of Marlborough to the Legislature, that there were at that time in the town, 370 polls ; 186 dwelling-houses ; 177 barns ; 93 shops, stores, &c. ; 7 distilleries, mills, &c. They also return 1,260 acres of English mowing, valued at 12 shillings per acre ; 930 acres of tillage, at 20 shillings ; 1,733 acres of fresh meadow, at 6 shidings ; 4,160 acres of pasturing, at 4 shdliugs ; 5,368 acres of wood and unimproved land, at 5 shdlings ; 2,946 barrels of cider, at 2/6 ; £3,000, money at interest ; £800, of goods, Avares, and merchandise ; 747 horses, at £1,482; 396 oxen, at £2,372; 852 cows, at £3,408; 1,586 sheep and goats ; 200 swine ; 182 coaches, chaises, Avagons, &c. ifcc. ; 30 ounces of gold ; 450 ounces of silver. We have no regular valuation of the property of the toAvn, till 1800. By the State tax for several years, we see how Marlborough stood in the State and County, which shows her relative position. The vioAv beloAV not only shows the relative standing of the town, but the burdens they Avere called upon to bear at that period. The taxes mentioned below, are simply the County and State tax, and do not include the sum added to the State tax, to reimburse to the State treasury the sum paid to Representatives of the town for their per diem. 1774 of a Tax of £12,614 for the State, and £1,346 for Middlesex, Marlboro' paid £84 " " 432 " * 1,2951,850 " " 1,215 1,373 837 " 1,542 " " 334 171 " 133 " " 133 " " 86 " " 172 $573 573573 There is one striking fact discoverable in the eariy taxes, viz. that almost every man owned the house in which he resided. * In the tax of 1781 was included a fine for not furnishing the full quota of soldiers for the six and three months' service — a fact not peculiar to Marlbo rough. There were two taxes in 1781. 1780 72,000 8,945 1781 374,795 45,046 1781 " 303,634 38,238 1782 " 200,000 25,492 1783 224,099 25,492 1784 140,000 17,831 1786 300,439 36,540 1788 65,000 9,220 1789 32,606 " 4,549 1790 25,360 3,573 1791 " 25,365 3,585 1793 20,008 3,893 1794 40,067 4,995 1795 " $149,759 " $16,080 1796 133,394 16,659 1797 133,381 15,582 258 In the land tax of 1798, imposed by the General Government, of the one hundred and eighty houses, of the value of one hun dred dollars and over, only eleven of them were occupied by tenants. This fact shows, that in Marlborough nearly all the heads of families were owners of real estate. As it is desirable to open the century with a knowledge of the inhabitants of the town, the following list of tax-payers is subjoined. For convenience, they are arranged in alphabetical order. A. Jedediah Brigham. Benjamin Clark. Moses Ames. Daniel Brigham. Elisha Cox. Robert Ames. Joseph Brigham, Jr. Joel Cranston. Stephen Ames. Ithamar Brigham. Job Cooley. Ebenezer Ames. Caleb Brigham. Ananias Cook. Jesse Ames. Caleb Brigham, Jr. Ephraim Carr. Reuben Ames. Asa Brigham. Solomon Clisbee. William Arnold. Lewis Brigham. Winslow Arnold. Jotham Brigham. D. John Arnold. Noah Brigham. Jonas Darling. Matthias Brigham. Daniel Darling. B. Solomon Brigham. Elijah Dadman. Edward Barnes. Lovewell Brigham. Lovewell Dunn. Edward Barnes, Jr. Ivory Brigham. Charles Dexter. Jacob Barnes. John Bond. Solomon Barnes. Gershom Bigelow. E. Stephen Barnes. Timothy Bigelow. Uriah Eager. William Barnes. Ephraim Bigelow. Moses Eager. Lovewell Barnes. Ivory Bigelow. Jonas Bartlett. William Bigelow. F. Joel Bartlett. Gershom Bigelow, Jr. Stephen Felton. Ephraim Barber. Samuel Brown. William Felton. Peter Bent. Deliverance Brown. Archelaus Felton. Jabez Bent. Francis Barnard. Joel Felton. Abijah Berry. William Barnard. Silas Felton. William Boyd. William Bruce. John Boyd. Jonathan Bruce. G. Ephraim Brigham. Isaiah Bruce. Silas Gates. Hollis Brigham. Nathaniel Bruce. William Gates. Willard Brigham. Jeduthan Bruce. Samuel Gibbon. John Gott Brigham. Peter Border. Abner Goodale. Abner Brigham. Samuel Burder. John Gleason. Joseph Brigham. Joseph Gleason. Ashbel S. Brigham. C. Zaccheus Gleason, Warren Brigham. Jonathan Clifford. James Gleason. Paul Brigham. William Cogswell. Aaron Brigham. Enoch Corey. H. Trowbridge Brigham. Amos Cotting. Samuel Howe. 259 Luther Howe. Ephraim Howe. Eleazer Howe. Simon Howe. Aaron Howe. John Howe. John Howe, Jr. John Howe, 3d. Josiah Howe. Artemas Howe. Jonas Howe. Solomon Howe. Thomas Howe. Francis Howe. Francis Howe, Jr. Joseph Howe. Joseph Howe, Jr. Joseph Howe, 3d. Phinehas Howe. Gilbert Howe. Noah Howe. Winslow Howe. Jonah Howe. William Howe. Levi Howe. Aaron Howe, Jr. Sylvanus Howe. Abraham Howe. John Howe. Lovewell Howe. William Hager. Daniel Hall. Phinehas Hall. Francis Hudson. Nahum Hayden. Jesse Hayden. Daniel Hayden. David Hunter. Robert Hunter. Thomas Hapgood. Joseph Hapgood. John Hapgood. John Hapgood, Jr. Aaron Hapgood. Thomas Hapgood, Jr. Samuel Hunting. John Harrington. J. Ephraim Jewell. Silas Jewell, Jr. Silas Jewell, 3d. Jacob Jewell. Gustavus Jewell. L. John Loring. William Loring. John Lewis. Joseph Lamb. M. Hezekiah Maynard. Ephraim Maynard. Elihu Maynard. Elijah Maynard. Abel Maynard. John Maynard, Jr. John Maynard, 3d. Simon Maynard. Benjamin Maynard. Ephraim Maynard, Jr. Loring Manson. David Munroe. David Munroe, Jr. John Munroe. Jonas Moore. Francis Morse. Stephen Morse. William Morse. Windsor Morse. N. Jabez Newton. Francis Newton. Daniel Nurse. O. Joseph Oxford. P. Nathaniel PhDlips. Roger Phelps. Ephraim Potter. Eliab Parminter. Nathaniel Prentiss. John Perigo. Abraham Priest. Benjamin Priest. Jonathan Priest. Joshua Pierce. Thomas Park, R. Luke Robinson. Jabez Rice. Noah Rice. Ephraim R. Bice. Gershom Rice. Daniel Rice. Elisha Rice. Eber Bice. Eleazer Rice. Benjamin Rice. Benjamin Rice, Jr. Peter Rice. Eli Rice. Jonah Rice. Nathan Rice. Thomas Rice. Joel Rice. Seth Rice. Nathaniel P. Russell. Abraham Russell. S. Micah Sherman. Isaac Sherman. Solomon Sherman. Moses Sherman. John Sawin. Manning Sawin. Timothy Sawin. Daniel Stevens. Francis Stevens. Daniel Stevens, Jr. Heman Stow. Joab Stow. Samuel Stow. John Stow. William Stow. Abraham Stow. Josiah Stow. Jabez Stow. Peter Stone. Elijah Saunders. Jonas Smith. William Smith. Calvin Smith. Jeduthan Smith. 260 Phinehas Sawyer. Jonas Temple. David Temple. Isaac Temple. John Temple. John Temple, Jr. Moses Temple. Silas Temple. Joseph Townsend. Joseph Trowbridge. Joseph Taynter. John Taynter. Jonathan Taynter. W. Oliver Wiswall. Thaddeus Warren. George Williams. Stephen Williams. David WUliams. Moses Woods. Jedediah Wood. James Webber. Jonathan Weeks. John Weeks. Jonathan Weeks, Jr. Simeon AVhitcomb. Silas Wheeler. Asa Wheeler. Caleb Winchester. Samuel Witt. Silas Witt. Josiah Witt. Moses Woodward. Sampson Winch. Ephraim Walcott. James Wesson. William Wesson. Stephen Wesson. Thomas Whitney, Jonas Wilkins. Edward WUkins. Solomon Wilkins. Levi AA'ilkins. David Wilkins. It seems by this list, that there were in Marlborough, in 1800, 277 tax-payers ; and besides this number, there were 60 poll tax-payers under twenty-one years of age, and other polls not taxed. We also discover the prevalence of the three principal names in toAvn, Howe, Brigham, and Rice, which stand as follows : Howes 31, Brighams 25, and Rices 17 — making an aggregate of 73, being nearly one-third of the whole list. From the imperfect records we have been able to obtain, the valuation of the town in the difi'erent periods wdl stand as folloAvs : Valuation of Marlborough, from 1770 to 1860, as far as can be ascertained. Year. Polls. Houses. Oxen. Cows. Real Estate. Personal Estate. Aggregate. 1771178117901800 1810 18201830 18401850 323370 410 416419434454 559834 169 186 213233 238 254 288325458 394396 933 852 331 361 1,180 1,288 247,042 485,80562;3,807948,931 78,246 121,451 155,951 286,506 253,200252,066325,288 607,256 779,758 1,233,417 1860 1,591 922 257 1,113 $1,587,606 $414,130 $2,001,736 Marlborough has not been distinguished for her manufactm'es till quite recently. Having only an inconsiderable water-power, she has had no factories of any note. Some forty-iive or fifty 261 years ago, there Avas a small cotton factory at Feltonville, but it produced nothing except yarn. There was also a fulling mill, and a cloth-dressing establishment at the same place ; but its business was mostly that of customers who brought in their cloth to be dyed and dressed. There were also several tanne ries, whose business was mainly confined to the demands of the town. They had the ordinary mechanics, such as shoe makers, blacksmiths, and wheelwrights ; yet none of them de pended, in any great degree, upon a foreign market for their productions. Being mostly engaged in agriculture, the people sought their supply from their own town, and the mechanics aspired at little more than furnishing their neighbors and friends around them. In 1837, a census of manufactures was taken by order of the Legislature, when the products of Marlborough stood as follows : Shoes manufactured, 103.000 pairs ; value of the same, $41,200 ; males employed, 75 ; females, 75. Tanneries, 2 ; hides tanned, 2,600 ; value of leather tanned and curried, $11,500; hands employed, 7; capital invested, $6,000. Manufactories of chairs and cabinet ware, 2 ; value of product, $1,000 ; hands employed, 4. Straw bonnets manufactured, 7,500 ; value of the same, $10,850. Only two articles in this list deserve notice: the straw bon nets, which speak well for female industry; and the shoes, which at that time gave employment to one hundred and fifty persons. Some twenty-five years before, the shoe business had been introduced on a small scale, and this business, which has since done so much to budd up the town, had in 1837 grown up to a product of 100,000 pairs, valued at $41,000. The boot and shoe business has rapidly increased within a few years, so as to render the town somewhat distinguished for this species of manufacture. A census of the productions of the State, published in 1845, shows the product of Marlborough as follows : Tanneries, 2 ; hides tanned, 1,560 ; value of leather tanned and curried, $3,950 ; capital invested, $5,700 ; hands employed, 4. Boots manufactured, 624 pairs ; shoes, 302,725 pairs ; value of boots and shoes, $92,932; males employed, 158; females employed, 220. Straw braid and bonnets, value, $5,168 ; females employed, 182. Building stone quarried, value, $600 ; hands employed, 5. 34 262 Lumber prepared, 15,000 feet; value, $2,040. Firewood prepared, 948 cords ; value, $2,521. Sheep, 147 ; value, $298 ; wool, 588 lbs. ; value, $176. Horses, 281 ; value, $12,645 ; neat cattle, 1,819 ; value, $39,226. Swine, 493 ; valae, $3,697. Indian corn, 14,376 bushels ; value, $10,782 ; rye, 1,966 bushels ; value, $1,484 ; barley, 1,365 bushels ; value, $683 ; oats, 4,254 bushels ; value, $1,594 ; potatoes, 37,005 bushels ; value, $9,251 ; other esculent vegetables, 1,255 bushels ; value, $314 ; hay, 4,169 tons; value, $33,477. Fruit raised, 12,469 bushels; value, $6,013; hops, 2,000 lbs.; value, $200 ; honey, 367 lbs. ; value, $62. Butter, 82,905 lbs. ; value, $14,093 ; cheese, 16,251 lbs. ; value, $812. Milk sold, 60,540 gallons ; value, $5,045. Apples for vinegar, 31,772 bushels ; value, $2,224. Here is a grand total of $249,187 ! But it must be borne in mind that the live stock is set down at its real value, and not at its productive value. It would be fair to set down this stock at one-fourth of its real value, that being about the annual worth of all classes of animals. If Ave take three-fourths of the value of the live stock from the total, we shall have as the annual product of the industry of the town, the sum of $207,- 288. But as such statistics, though taken from the mouths of the producers, are generally under estimated; we may with perfect safety add six per cent to the estimate, Avhich will in round numbers bring the industrial production of Marlborough in 1845 up to $220,000. The greatest increase is in the shoe manufacture, which in 1837 was set down at $41,200, and in 1845 at $92,900. The Industrial Tables for 1855 show the following as the production of Marlborough : Saddle, harness and trunk manufactory, 1 ; value of product, $5,000 ; capital invested, $1,500 ; hands employed, 4. Tin ware manufactories, 2 ; value of product, $5,800 ; capital, $2,000 ; hands employed, 4. Tanneries, 1 ; hides tanned, 2,000 ; value of leather, $3,500 ; hands, 2. Boots of all kinds, 103,500 pairs; shoes of all kinds, 1,971,500 pairs; value of boots and shoes, $1,156,975; hands employed, 969 males and 973 females. Whips, value, $150 ; hands, I. Lumber prepared for market, 300,000 feet ; value of same, $4,200 ; hands employed, 6. Firewood prepared for market, 3,134 cords ; value, $14,003 ; hands em ployed, 6. 263 Organ manufactory, 1 ; value of organs, $2,000. Establishment for making boxes, I ; capital invested, $500 ; value of pro duct, $2,000 ; hands employed, 3. Bakeries, 1 ; capital, $2,000 ; iiour consumed, 750 bbls. ; value of bread, $15,000 ; hands employed, 5. Horses, 441 ; value, $36,957 ; oxen and steers, 409 ; value, $19,801 ; cows and heifers, 1,062; value, $33,568 ; swine, 211 ; value, $2,114. Butter, 49,916 lbs.; value, $12,474; cheese, 9,180 lbs.; value, $734; milk sent to market, 49,702 gallons ; value, $6,212. Indian corn, 633 acres i® 34i bushels per acre, 2L942 bushels ; value, $26,396; rye, 98 acres (a) Hi bushels per acre, 1,127 bushels; value, $1,714 ; barley, 43 acres ® 22S bushels per acre, 985 bushels ; value, $973 ; oats, 157 acres © 27 bushels per acre ; 4,339 bushels ; value, $2,763. Potatoes, 506 acres fa) 60 bushels per acre, 30,360 bushels ; value, $22,- 628. Carrots, 10 acres (a) 420 bushels per acre, 4,200 bushels ; value, $1,260. Beets and other esculent vegetables, value, $200. Millet, 4 acres ; value, $60. English mowing, 3,229 acres ; 4,130 tons ; value, $82,600. Wet meadow or swale hay, 770 tons ; value, $7,700. Apple trees cultivated for fruit, 25,003 ; value, $16,015. Pear trees cultivated for fruit, .307 ; value, $302. Peaches, value, $1,564 ; quinces, value, $302. Cranberries, 50 acres ; value, $1,468. Here we have a total of $1,484,929 for 1855, against $249,- 187 for 1845 — a gain of $1,235,742 in the annual product of the town in ten years. If we were to deduct three-fourths of the value of the live stock, as in 1845, it would give us the annual product of the industry of the town in 1855, $1,415,552 — a gain of $1,208,264. On either estimate the gain shows an enormous increase in ten years. It must be confessed, how ever, that the return in 1855 was more full and accurate than at any former period. But the principal gain is in the boot and shoe manufacture ; which rose from $92,932 in 1845, to $1,156,975 in 1855, being an increase of more than $1,064,000. This species of manufacture did not reach its maximum until 1859 and '60, when the product of boots and shoes amounted to $2,000,000 a year ; giving employment to about two thousand men, and about seven hundred Avomen. The falling off in the number of women employed, was owing to the introduction of machinery. Marlborough owes her rapid growth within the last ten years, to the introduction of manufactures. Though there may be 264 prejudices against such branches of industry, and some have regarded manufactures as hostile to agriculture, we are per suaded that there is no natural antagonism between them. The manufacturer and mechanic must subsist upon the pro ducts of the soil, and their presence in an agricultural district not only creates a demand for the product of the farmer, but brings the market to his own door. The Marlborough farmer, Avith his broad acres of grass and grain, not only finds a better market for his great staples in consequence of this increase of popula tion, but can also dispose of his vegetables, fruits, and other smaller articles, for Avhich there was formerly no demand. There is one evil incident to manufactures, which generally shows itself in a greater or less degree, viz., the introduction of a foreign and floating population, which may not harmonize with the native population. But this evil is destined to cure itself. The children of foreigners, born in this country, and educated in our schools Avith our own children, will soon be come Americanized, and so make us all a homogeneous people, We must remember that our ancestors, as well as theirs, were of foreign birth ; and may we not trust that time will work the same change in them, as it has in us ; and eventually blend in harmony what is now somewhat discordant ? This foreign population, though perhaps disorderly in some respects, is nev ertheless loyal, and as ready to sustain our institutions, as any other portion of our citizens, as recent events have clearly shgwn. As the tide of emigration has already abated, and the emigrants which now come to the country are a more intelligent class, we believe that a century hence, this foreign element will become so amalgamated and blended with our nadve population, that the distinction Avhich is now so apparent will in a good degree be obliterated. The population of Marlborough did not increase with much rapidity till about 1840. From 1830 to 1840, the increase Avas only 18 ; but from 1840 to 1850, the increase was 800, being a gain of 38.24 per cent in ten years. From 1850 to 1855, as shown by the State census, the increase was 1,396, being a gain of 48.27 per cent in five years ; and from 1855 to 1860, the in^ crease was 1,622, being a gain of 37.82 per cent in five years. This increase of population is to be attributed mainly to the 265 introduction of the boot and shoe manufacture. This growth has been confined almost exclusively to the east and west vil lages, and to Feltonvdle. The two centre vdlages Avere formerly considered as distinct from each other, being about a mile apart. But the location of the two railroad stations in a central position between them, has contributed, among other things, to fill up the space, so as to make the two villages one. Some of the largest buddings in the place are situated upon the isthmus which formerly connected the two settlements. The old vil lages have not only extended their borders toAvards each other, but have opened new streets, and multiplied their dwellings, so as to become large villages of themselves ; and the union of the two, by filling up the space between them, has created a village of some five hundred dAvellings, and nearly three thou sand inhabitants. In the Avest village there are two churches, and in the east, three. There are, in the central villages, some fine dwellings, handsomely situated, to say nothing of the large and command ing farm houses which skirt the villages, and so mingle agri cultural with mechanical pursuits. There are in each village several large shoe manufactories, in which hundreds of hands are employed. In some of them, steam power is used. The shops of Boyd and Cory, situated near the southern depot, are large and capacious blocks, and give to the place the appear ance of a city ; and being located on grounds which a fcAv years ago were used only for agricultural purposes, indicate the growth of the town. But the most striking instance of growth is at Feltonville, in the north part of the town. Being situated on the Assabet, at the only place on that stream Avhere the fall of water gives any considerable power, this site was early occupied as a mill privi lege. Mr. Joseph Howe, son of Abraham HoAve, one of the first settlers, erected a grist, and perhaps a saw mill, there, about the close of the 17th century. He died in 1700, and this prop erty came into the hands of Jeremiah Barstow, who married Mr. Howe's eldest daughter. In 1723, Barstow sold for £600, about 350 acres of land, including the mills, to Robert Barnard, then of Andover. This tract included what now constitutes Feltonville, on both sides of the river ; extending to the Indian line on the east, and to the Bush Place, and Lancaster (now 266 Bolton) line on the north, " together with the dwelling-house, and other housings, Avith the fencing, orcharding, and garden belonging to said messuage, including the mill, with all the accommodations and materials." It appears that at that time there was but one dwelling-house upon the premises ; and the fact that the tract thus deeded consisted of about a dozen different lots, which Barstow had bought of different individuals, shows that this section of, the town had been used as a sort of make-weight, the land having been granted in small lots to divers individuals. It further ap pears by the deed to Barnard, that this section of the town was mostly unsettled, as the purchase is described as bounding for the most part upon common or undivided land — the "Bush place " being the only designation implying a settlement. In fact, the whole valley of the Assabet to the Indian line, having been included in the coav commons, it was not open for settle ment till about 1700. This property remained in the Barnard family, till near the close of the century, when portions of it were alienated to different individuals, tdl it all Avent out of their hands. The " Mdls," as the little settlement Avas designated, re mained a small village, AAdth a few houses and shops, for a long period. In 1820, the village consisted of thirteen or four teen dwelling-houses, and one store in Marlborough, and two dwelling-houses just over the line, within the border of Bolton. The only thing which sustained the village at that period, was its water-power, driving the mdls, a cloth-dressing establish ment, and a small cotton factory. These establishments bring ing people to the place, tAvo enterprising citizens, Joel Cranston and Silas Felton, Esqs., opened and maintained an English and West India goods store in the village, and otherwise contributed to the groAvth and business of the place. But the introduction of the shoe manufacture has been the principal cause of its groAvth. In 1820, there were a black smith and two or three other village mechanics ; now, there are in addition to the ordinary mechanics' shops, seventeen shoe shops, some of them of a large size, employing great numbers of persons. Then, there were thirteen or fourteen dwelling- houses ; now, there are on the same territory one hundred and forty ; then, there was but one store ; now, there are eight ; 267 then, there were two houses in the borders of Bolton, depending upon the business of the vidage ; now, there are twenty-five. There are in the village, at this day, a post-office and two meeting-houses, and every thing to denote thrift. In 1820, there were only about one hundred inhabitants, whde in 1860, there were nearly eighteen hundred on the same territory. The opening of the railroad to Feltonville, has undoubtedly contributed to the growth of the place ; but the principal in crease is to be ascribed to the shoe manufacture. Of the seven teen shoe shops, some of them are large, and turn out great products. The principal shop, of F. Brigham & Company, is eighty feet by forty, four stories high, having good Avater- power. the most improved machinery, and every facility for the transaction of business. In 1860, this company employed three hundred men, notwithstanding the introduction of machinery, which greatly reduced the number of employees. Forty-five females were employed, and by the aid of the improved ma chinery, it is estimated that this number were able to do the work of from four to five hundred in the ordinary way. In 1860, this company manufactured 715,000 pairs of shoes, valued at $375,000. The sum disbursed among the hands for their labor, for a single year, amounted to $95,000. Some of the other manufacturers have capacious shops, and do a large business. Mr. Houghton's shop is one hundred feet by sixty. He uses steam-poAver to propel the machinery. Another shop, (Mr. Stone's,) is eighty feet by sixty-six, in which horse-power is employed. These shops are three stories high, and being erected for the purpose, are well adapted to the shoe business. There are other shops of a smaller size, where the same business is prosecuted. The whole number of indi viduals employed in this species of manufacture in the village, before the present depression of business, was about 975, and the annual value of the product, about $800,000. The villages of Marlborough present quite a city-like appear ance. The buddings, the business, the brisk stir, and the hum of industry, impress us Avith the conviction that we are in the midst of an active, thriving population. And though the vil lages, in their present condition, are of recent growth, the insti tutions there established prove that the people are alive to public improvements. The town has an efficient Fire Depart- 268 ment, commenced in 1849, and legally organized in 1853. The inhabitants have for some years maintained a weekly newspaper, Avhich is Avell sustained by subscribers and by ad vertising patronage. They have recently established a Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which bids fair to become a flourishing and valuable institution. Its condition is thus stated in the return to the Legislature in 1860 : Amount of property insured $1,184,914.88 Premiums and deposits, . Premiums and deposits in cash, Policies terminated the past year. Policies issued the past year, . Insured on real estate, . Insured on personal property, . Losses during the past year, . 139,964.10 5,117.96 15.5,718.50 192,365.13 958,744 50 226,170.38 2,850.00 The following is the organization of the company : President — Mark Fay. Secretary — Hollis Loring. Directors — Mark Fay, J. S. Witherbee, Hollis Loring, Charles Brigham, J. E. Curtis, Elbridge Howe, B. F. Underbill, of Marlborough ; Warren Nixon, of Framingham ; Ephraim Stone, of Sudbury ; Peter P. Howe, of Southborough ; C. S. Hastings, of Berlin. They have also a Savings Bank in the town, incorporated in 1860. Their first return, made a short time after their organi zation, and before they had fairly commenced operations, shows that they had made a. fair beginning. Number of depositors, ....... 81 Amount of deposits, $1,788.00 Loans on mortgages of real estate 500.00 Loans on personal security, 800.00 Cash on hand, 488.00 The following are the officers of the institution : President — Samuel Boyd. Vice President — Jabez S. Witherbee. Secretary — John M. Farwell. Treasurer — Mark Fay. Trustees— Th.om&s Corey, William Morse, 2d, S. A. Chipman, B. F. Under bill, Levi Bigelow, F. Brigham, A. C. Felton, Hollis Loring, Asa Lewis, Wil liam Stetson, William P. Brigham, of Marlborough; WiUiam Maynard, of Assabet ; P. P. Howe, of Southborough ; A. W. Seaver, of Northborough ; C. S. Hastings, of Berlin ; Ephraun Stowe, of Sudbury. 269 In this connection, it seems proper to mention a benevolent bequest, which has given rise to Avhat may be regarded as an institution of the town. In 1775, Mr. Zachariah Maynard, actuated by a regard for the "industrious poor" of the town, made by his last will and testament the following provision for their encouragement and relief; "It is my will that my dwelling-house, and whatever goods and chattels may be found in it, together with my barn, be sold by my Executor ; that the money they are sold for, with my other money, as also my notes and bonds, and whatever may iu any wise be found due me, be committed into the hands of the Selectmen of Marlborough, and to remain under their care and direction, and their successors in said office forever, to be let out at interest ; the principal never to be diminished ; the interest to be distributed annu ally, among such industrious poor and needy families, and persons, as the Selectmen or Overseers do not consider themselves obliged by law to pro vide for; and among such also as may be reduced to straits by extraordinary providences ; and the distribution to these respective objects be according to the discretion of the major part of the Selectmen for the time being." This property being disposed of according to the will of the donor, created a fund of about one thousand seven hundred dol lars, which at six per cent gives an annual income of about one hundred dollars, to be distributed for the purposes expressed in the bequest. Too much praise can hardly be given to Mr. Maynard, for his truly wise and benevolent donation. Distrib uted as this income has been, it has proved a great blessing to many a worthy citizen of Marlborough. Though the law makes it the duty of the towns to provide for the poor — and Marlborough has not been remiss in her duty in this respect — there is in this, and every community, a class of persons who can support themselves under ordinary circumstances, but who, in times of sickness or misfortune, find themselves nearly desti tute. Such persons are unwilling to go to the alms-house, or become a direct charge upon the town ; and if they can have some trifling aid in their misfortune, they are relieved from that humiliation, which arises from being classed Avith paupers. This feeling, which is perfectly natural, should be fostered ; for as long as an individual maintains a regard for his own reputa tion, and cherishes self-respect, he will endeavor so to demean himself as to merit the respect of others. The wisest benevolence, the truest philosophy, and the 35 270 purest dictates of religion consist in teaching, and if need be, enabling every one to maintain that feeling of self-respect, which is one of the great springs of action in the human heart, prompting to generous and noble deeds. The encouragement held out by such bequests, may do much towards sustaining some unfortunate and desponding individuals, in the days of darkness and distress. The bequest of Mr. Maynard has, we have no doubt, preserved many a person from yielding to adversity, has Aviped the tear from the cheek of the lone widow, and lighted up a smile upon the countenance of the helpless orphan. This " Zachary money," as it is commonly called, distributed, as it has been, without ostentation and parade, carries joy into many famdies, and may justly be re garded as one of the wisest of charities. Though the sum thus bestowed upon an individual is generally small, its moral influ ence, Avhich is one of the distinguishing characteristics of this charity, may be great in sustaining the unfortunate. The name of the generous donor should be handed down from generation to generation, that his noble charity may prompt others to imitate his example. Well have the people erected a stone to the memory of Zachariah Maynard with this in scription : "A man who, from a tender and benevolent regard to the Industrious Poor of the Town, gave aU the substance of his house to feed them." Every American citizen who realizes the worth of free insti tutions, must cherish with gratitude the memory of our gaUant sires, who periled all in defense of our independence. In the exercise of these feelings, we delight to record the deeds, and even to hand doAvn the names of those who rallied at freedom's call, and "jeopardized their lives in the high places of the field." And while we rejoice in the deeds of these patriots and heroes, and as dutiful citizens do honor to their memories, we should be gudty of great injustice did we not do homage to the gallant young men of our day, who, when they saw our institutions assailed, our constitution violated, our flag insulted, and all that we hold dear as freemen put in jeopardy, rallied at the call of their country, showing their readiness to* shed their blood, if need be, in defense of those institutions reared by the wisdom and cemented by the blood of then ancestors. 271 We have recorded the names of those who served in the war of independence, and common justice requires that Ave hand down the names of those who have volunteered to serve their country in this day of her peril. Marlborough, in 1775, was prompt in freedom's cause, and Marlborough, in 1861, has shown that the fire of patriotism still burns upon her altar. Her young men, at this day, have shown that they are "worth their breeding," and will, we have no doubt, do honor to the town they represent, and to the memory of their fathers. Marlborough has recently sent three companies, together with a band, to the war, for the period of three years, the neimes of which wdl be seen below. A distinguished citizen thus describes the companies and the band: " The first company that volunteered was from the Irish population of the town. They were in camp on Long Island, in Boston Harbor, several weeks, with the Ninth Massachusetts Regiment, for discipline and drill, and on the 11th day of June were sworn into the service of the United States, and a few days after, as Co. G in said regiment, under command of Col. Cass, left for the seat of war near the city of Washington. " The other two companies were Rifles, and were in camp at Fort Independence several weeks previous to being sworn into the United States service. They composed a part of a regiment of Rifles, viz., companies F and I of the Thirteenth Regiment Massachusetts Volimteers, were sworn in on the 16th day of July, and left a few days after, under the command of Colonel Leonard, for the seat of war, m the neighborhood of the company that had proceeded them. " The ' Marlborough Cornet Band,' an association of young and inexperienced musicians, by three years' industry and close application, had acquired a very commendable notoriety, as an organized band. With two or three exceptions, where vacan cies were supplied by others, they were engaged by the Govern ment to join this regiment, and were sAvorn in on the 27th day of July, for three years, or dmring the war, and in three or four days after, left with the Thirteenth Regiment." 272 Roll of tlie Marlborough Cornet Band, attached to the Thhieenih Regiment of tlie Massachusetts Volunteers. Name. Age. T. C Richardson .... 26 . . F. W. Knapp 25 . . E. P. Richardson .... 24 . . F. W. Loring 19 . . John Brown 30 . . W. G. Howe 23 . . J. M. Holt 24 . . A. B. Lawrence 32 . . E. J. Morton 22 . . Edwin Rice 22 . . S. A. Howe 20 . . Elbridge Lane 47 . . Silas B. Ball 24 . . F. W. Gassett 28 . . J. B. Fuller 20 . . C. F. Wetherbee .... 21 . . W. R. Wetherbee. . . . 21 . . Henry H. Nash 35 . . Frank O. Ward 19 . . John Viles 44 . . Bank Band Master Musician Sudbury. Marlborough. Northborough. Marlborough. Rutland.Marlborough. (( Berlin. Marlborough. u Boston. Waltham. Keaidenco. Name. Age. Marlborough John Carey 25. . Boston John M. Tobin 25.. " Archibald Simpson 26. . " Edward Tinerty 27. . " Timothy Dempsey 27. . Marlborough Daniel J. Regan 21. . Michael Clark 21. . Boston James R. Goodwin 30. . Randolph Francis Carey 22. . Marlborough JohnFeeley 26. . " Edward Conley 27.. " Robert Dailey 23., " John Buckley 27. . « William Keating 20. . '' Dennis Linnehan 30. . " James Mahoney 24. , « Thomas Shilben 20. Brighton Charles Curran 18. . Milford William M. Armstrong, 33. Marlborough John Allen 23. " Michael Allen 23. " Michael Ahem 25. " Thomas B. Brigham 21. " MichaelBurns 19. " Patrick Burk 30. " Eugene Burns 25 Southbridge Edward Byrne 23. .3d " .4th " .5th " .6th « .7th " .8th « .Musician. a .Wagoner..Private. 273 ReBidenee. Name. Age. lEank. Marlborough Samuel Bailey 22 Private. Lynn Thomas Conley 26. ... " Marlborough Michael Coughlin 21 " " Cornelius Cotter 18 " Peter Clark 25 " « ThomasClancy 19 " " John Creed 25 " " James Carey 22.... " " Lawrence Cramer 29.... " " Patrick Clark 23 " William Cennars 37 " " John Coomars 22 " " John Crowley 20 « New York city Francis Clements 19 ... . " Boston James Collins 24. ... " Lynn Thomas Dooley 18 , . . . " Marlborough John Dolan 22 " " Mathew Dugan 22 " " John E. Donovan 24 " « John Donovan 29 " Lynn Michael Farley 22 " Braintree Cornelius Furphey 22. ... " Hopkinton Richard Feely 20 " Natick John Fitzgerald 25 " Marlborough Bartholomew Finnerty 25. ... " Divan Fullard 28.... « MartinFaley 18 " Braintree Richard Furppe 19. . . . " Marlborough William Hayes 24 " Southborough John Hagerty 29 " " Michael Hagerty 19. . . . " Cambridgeport Thomas Hackett ' 21. " Lynn Henry Kane 22 . " Boston William Kelcher 27 " Marlborough Bryan Kenney 20 " " Lawrence KeUey 20 " " Charles W. Levett 18 " " Cornelius Long 20. ... " Boston John Murphy 19 " " JohnMcCurdy 19 « Marlborough John Mahoney 23 " Boston OwenMcCarty 26 " Marlborough William Mahoney 30. ... " Boston William Murnane 22. ... " Saxonville Michael McGrath 19 " Michael McCann 20. . . . Marlborough Patrick Murray 20 " " Peter McQueene 21 " " Cornelius McHugh 18 " " Patrick McDermott 18 " Thomas McGuire 34 Marlborough Edward Nevin 19. . . . " Weymouth Landing . Richard O'Brien 35. . . . " Marlborough Joseph Penshea 41 " Salem .John N. Purbeck 25. . . . « Marlborough Charles Q,uinn 20 " Abington Andrew Ryan 21 ... . " 274 Reildence. Name. Age. Marlborough Thomas Rice 24. . . Jeremiah Sullivan 27. . . Edward Sweney 18. .. John Smith .19. . . Maurice Sullivan 19. . . James Sherman 19. . . John Sheahan 20.. . Cornelius Shea 20. .. Bernard Smith 18... Lewis Stone 20 Boston Patrick Schollard 20. . . " George A. Stewart 20. . . Marlborough Daniel Sullivan 20. . . « Michael Tobin 26. . . '• Patrick Tighe 23. . . Bftnk. Private. Roll of Company F, {Rifles,) TVdrteenth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers. Bolton Henry Whitcomb 42. Marlborough Abel H. Pope 36. " Charles F. Morse 28. " Calvin Carter 24 . " Donald Ross 31. Berlin Enoch C. Pierce 31 . Boston James Gibson 24. Marlborough Henry Exley 23. " Edwin N. Welch 25. " James H. Belser " Thomas M. Exley 25. " George N. Bridgewater 27. Sudbury Almir H. Gay 27. Marlborough George L. Custy 28 . « Zebith B. Woodbury 19. Northborough James L. Stone 23 . Marlborough Sydney A. Brigham 20. Cambridge Harry F. Newell 31 . Marlborough Charles S. Bennett 30. " George H. Bayley 19. " Dennis Marr 19. " Samuel E.Hunt 21. Sudbury Henry S. Battles 24. Marlborough John S. Fay 21. " William A. Newhall 24. Stow John A. Trow 19. Marlborough Granville N. Harris 20. " Jonathan A. Maynard 21. Sudbury George T. Dickey 35. Marlborough Ledra A. Coolidge 24 . " William B. Barnes 24. Wayland George T. Smith 20. Sudbury John H. Moore 21. " Spencer Smith 20. Bank. .Captain. . 1st Lieut. .2d « . 1st Serg. .2d « .3d « .4th " .5th " .1st Corp. .2d « .3d " .4th " .5th « .6th « .7th « .8th « .Private. 275 Residenee. Name. Age, Rank. Marlborough William P. Howe 19. . . .Private. Stow George L. Swift 19 Sudbury Mortimer Johnson 19. . . . Berlin Samuel E. Fuller 22. . . . Marlborough Simon F. Hartford 21 Sudbury George T. Willis 18. . . . " Charles C. Haynes 24 Marlborough Washington I. Lothrop 23. . . . " George A. Atkinson 25. . . . Berlin Thomas F. Rathburn 20 Weymouth .Joseph E. Shepherd 23 Marlborough Henry J. Brigham 25 Sudbury Samuel H. Garfield 18.... Bolton Francis M. Remmings 19 ... . Sudbury Francis H. Brown 19 Berlin George H. Mason 26 " Augustus Harper 23 Marlborough Abel B. Hastings 18 " Charles L. Brigham 23 Berlin John N. P. Johnson 42 Sudbury George W. Jones 22 Berlin Charles H. Roundy 18 Marlborough Charles E. Perkins 27 " Jonathan P. Mann 24 " George F. Manson 29 " George E. Hartwell 19 « Daniel K. Bigelow 24. . . . •' Charles S. Smith 22. . . . Berlin Francis B. Russell 29 Marlborough William F. Brigham 19. . . . " Lewis Roberts 24 " Silas A. Coolidge 29 " Andrew J. Mann 19 " Alphonzo W. Prouty 25 Berlin Charles A. Howe 28 ... . Marlborough Frank Jones 30. . . . " Charles H. Holder 18.... " George Wilson 32 « Luke Collins 44 " Jedediah Morse 33 « Wilbur H. Rice 18 Berlin Elliot A. Rich 20 Bolton Ezekiel W. Choate .24. . . . Berlin Edward Barnard 23 Boston Hartley G. Metcalf 22 Marlborough Eli H. Wood 21 ... Sewell H. Merrill 24. . . . " Nathan R. Wheeler 24. . . . Berlin Joseph M. Sawtell 21 Marlborough Thomas J. Odd 27 Boston William D. Barron 22 Marlborough Augustine G. Walcott 37 " Moses E. Stone 20 Berlin Hollis L. Johnson 23 Boston Samuel Vaughn 26 . Marlborough James M. Carron 23. . . . " Frederick H. Morse 26 276 Reeldence. Name. Age. Rank. Marlborough George W. Cross 19 Private. Bolton Samuel M. Haynes 28 " Marlborough Seth G. Haskell 31 " " John Belser , 22 " Boston George H. Mead 23.... « Marlborough Cyrus H. Brown 22. . . . " Holliston George F. Daniels " " George F. Weller " Roll of Company I, {Rfles,) T%irteenth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers. Beaidcnce. Name. Age. Rank. Boston Robert C. H. Shriber 26 Captain. Marlborough Moses P. Palmer 27 1st Lieut. " DavidL.Brown 34 2d " Bolton John G. Whittier 25 1st Serg. Marlborough William Barnes 38 2d " " Alfred G.Howe 36.... 3d « " Frank J. Wood 4th " " Willis Whitcomb 22 5th « " Charles H. Cotting 6th " Southborough George O. Grady 23 1st Corp. Marlborough William Baker 34 2d " " Frank Stetson 35 3d " Southborough Charles S. Parker 18 4th " Marlborough George F. Smith 27 5th " " William W. Willis 25.... 6th " Matapoisett James A. Smith 23 7th " Marlborough Eugene A. Albee 20 8th " " James M. Gleason 17. . . .Drummer. John S. Felton 20 Fifer. " Samuel D. Witt Wagoner. " William A. Alley 19 Private. " Austin D. Brigham 25 " Southborough George Brown 23. ... " Marlborough Edward E. Bond 17 " " George T. Brigham " Framingham Joseph E. Butman 18 " Worcester George E. Curtis 19 " Yarmouth Isaac B. Crowell 20 " Marlborough Henry J. Calahan 24 " " George M. Cuthbert 37 " Robert Choate 33 Boston John M. Collins " Marlborough George E. Dean 20. ... " Boston Dennis J. Donnovan 19. ... " " Simeon B. Fenderson " Marlborough Peter Flynn 26 " South Boston William P. Farkerson 18 " Marlborough Ellery E. Goodwin 18 " " Theodore H. Goodnow 18 " " Gerhart Gentner " " Frank Hastings 21 " 277 RssldantM. Name. Age. Rank. Hyannis Albert F. Holmes 22. . . .Private. " Davis P.Howard 20 Marlborough Henry A. Holyoke 25 " Eugene J. Holyoke 19.... Rufus Howe 20 " Cranston Howe 19 ... . South Boston Albion L. Jackson 18 ... . Marlborough John F. Klenert North Cambridge . . .John W. Kirby 19 Princeton Charles T. Love 19. . . . Boston Henry Lorey Marlborough Amos C. Merrill 25. " Michael Murphy 28 Antigonish, N. J. . . .Alexander McGilvray 20 Marlborough Charles W. Moshier 18. . . . West Albany, Vt. . .Edward H. Moshier 21 ... . Southborough George H. Moore 27. . . . Marlborough Theodore Mahan « Osceola V. Newton 23 " Lysander P. Parker Boylston Benjamin Parker 29 .... Marlborough Sylvanus H. Parker 23 " John F. Peebles " JohnM. Pierce 19 Southborough Lowell P. Parker 20 Marlborough Lauriraan H. Russell 34 " Moses P. Rice 22 " John F. Rose 31 " Benjamin F. Russell 24 Southborough Francis M. Stowe 18. . . . " Charles Scott Shelburne, Vt Charles Stone 19 Marlborough Warren J. Stetson 17 " James Sullivan Malone, N. Y John L. Spencer 24 ... . Boston Josiah Stone Marlborough William A. Shute 29 Millbury George H. Turkey 20 Boston Charles H. Femald 19 Marlborough Algernon S. Smith 36. . . . " Levi Taylor " Benjamin J. Whittier 28 « John F. Wright 28. . . . " William H. Wight 30. . . . " William L. Weeks 19. . . . Sandwich Horace L. Crocker 19 ... Boston Samuel Sargeant 25 Marlborough John M. Russell 20 36 CHAPTER XIII. OFFICIAL HISTORY. List of Selectmen — List of Town Clerks — List of Town Treasurers — List of Assessors — List of Representatives — List of Senators — Committee of Correspondence — Delegates to Conventions — Deacons of the Churches — Justices of the Peace — Votes for Governors — List of Governors — List of Graduates. In this chapter we present the names of those Avho have filled the principal offices in the gift of the toAvn ; and though the matter may not be very readable, it will be interesting to the parties and their friends, and valuable for reference. Such facts sometimes are found important, as a matter of personal history, shoAving the estimate put upon an individual by his fellow-citizens. But we regret that the loss of one volume of the Records will prevent a full and perfect list ; though, in some cases, this defect has been supplied from other sources. The plan we have adopted is, to place the first man who fills any particular office, at the head of the list, with the year, in full, in which he was first elected ; and the subsequent years, in an abbreviated form, will show how often and in what years he filled the office. For example, if A. B. was elected to an office, and continued in the place by re-election, at dif ferent times, it would be presented thus: A. B. 1678—81, 86, 88, 93, 99, 1701, 2, 6, 10, 13. This Avould show that he was first elected in 1678, and the dash ( — ) shows his re-election to 1781, inclusive, and his sub sequent re-elections, each year, are expressed by contraction, found against his name, making a total service of thirteen years. In this way, by a good deal of labor, much information may be compressed into a small space. We place at the head of the list, the Selectmen, or " Towns men," as they are denominated in many of the old records. In 279 our early history, before the duties of town officers were clearly defined, the Townsmen, or Selectmen, exercised a great variety of powers. Any thing and every thing, not expressly provided for, fell by custom at least, within their jurisdiction ; and when any perplexing question arose in toAvn meeting, almost as a matter of course, it was handed over to the Selectmen without instructions, as though they were the fountain of power, if not of wisdom. The practical eff'ect was, that in the choice of those oflScers, the people were more particular than they are at this day, when the powers of town officers are more limited and better defined. To be a Selectman in those days — to be re garded as one of the "fathers of the town," and a depositary of almost unlimited power — was considered no small honor. The importance our fathers attached to this, and in fact to many of the principal offices, will be seen by the length of time they continued the men in office. Believing that " prac tice makes perfect," — a maxim applied to other subjects, — was as true here as elsewhere, they were generally careful not to change any of those boards often, or the whole board at a time- In this way, they were sure of retaining some experience in every board. This is a lesson by which the present generation might profit. List of Selectmen from the Incorporation of the Town of Marlborough to the present day, as far as can be ascertained from the Records. Thomas Brigham, 1740, 43. Daniel Stewart, 1740, 41, 63. Joseph Howe, 1740, 41, 44, 46, 54. Daniel Barnes, 1740, 41, 52, 60, 61. Samuel Stevens, 1741. Edmund Bice, 1661-64. WUliam Ward, 1661-65, 71. John Ruddocke, 1661-65, 71. John Howe, Sen., 1661-64. Thomas King, 1661-64. Solomon Johnson, 1661-65, 71. Thomas Goodnow, Sen., 1661-63, 65. John Woods, 1664, 65. William Kerly, Sen., 1666, 71.* John Maynard, 1707, 10. Samuel Brigham, 1707, 10. Abraham Eager, 1707. Joshua Bice, 1707, 10. John Bowker, 1707, 10. Zerubbabel Eager, 1739. Edward Barnes, 1739. Robert Barnard, 1739, 45, 47. Joseph Baker, 1739, 41. Joseph Morse, 1741, 46. Uriah Eager, 1741, 52, 53, 65, 66, 68, 60, 62, 68, 69. Joseph Tainter, 1741. James Woods, 1741-49, 55-57. Abraham Williams, 1741-43, 46-49, 62, 54. Samuel Witt, 1740, 42, 44, 46, 47, 48, 60, 53, 54. Samuel Brigham, 1741, 42, 44, 46, 48, 49, 64. Jedediah Brigham, 1741, 43, 47, 52. Andre'w Rice, 1743, 60, 68, 63. * There are no town records extant from 1665 to 1739. 280 Jonathan Barnes, 1743, 67, 69, 62. Jabez Ward, 1743. Abraham Beaman, 1744. John Warren, 1744, 46-50, 52-61, 63-65, 67. Jonas Morse, 1744, 49, 62, 65. Abraham Howe, 1746, 53, 57, 61. John Hapgood, 1745, 49, 53, 56, 67, 69, 60. John Sherman, 1745. Thomas Howe, 1745, 46, 61, 63, 71. Samuel Jones, 1747, 48. Ephraim Brigham, 1749, 50, 64, 66-69, 61, 62, 65, 67, 69. Joseph Brigham, 1749, 62, 64. Hezekiah Maynard, 1750, 66, 71, 73. Peter Bent, 1750, 56, 69, 66, 67, 70-72, 74, 77. Thomas Bigelow, 1750, 62, 66. Jabez Bice, 1752, 66. John Weeks, 1753, 54, 66, 58-60, 62-65, 70, 73. Samuel Brigham, 1755. Jesse Rice, 1756, 57, 66, 68, 70. Abraham Rice, 1758, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 69, 70, 73. Joseph Hapgood, 1768, 63, 64, 66, 67. John Banister, 1769. Daniel Ward, 1760, 61. Daniel Harrington, 1762, 66, 68, 69, 71,72. Joel Brigham, 1763, 72. Gershom Bigelow, 1763, 64. John Barnes, 1764. Uriah Brigham, 1765, 68, 69. Gershom Bice, 1765-70, 72, 74, 76. Ebenezer Dexter, 1766, 68. Nathan Goodale, 1767, 69. Simon Stow, 1767, 71, 76, 76, 78, 79, 82, 83, 86, 87. Mannmg Sawin, 1768, 72, 79-83, 87. Winslow Brigham, 1770-80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 89, 91. Joseph Brigham, 1771. Nathan Reed, 1772. Robert Baker, 1773. Edward Barnes, 1773-^76. George Brigham, 1774-76. Saas JeweU, 1774. Cyprian Howe, 1774, 78. Ithamar Brigham, 1775, 76, 78, 79, 82. Jonas Morse, Jr., 1775-77, 80-82, 86, 87, 89. Silas Gates, 1776, 79-81, 83, 85, 87. Alpheus Woods, 1776, 87. Edward Hunter, 1777, 79. Paul Brigham, 1777. Solomon Brigham, 1777. Jacob Felton, 1777. Moses Woods, 1778, 83, 84, 86, 88, 92, 93, 95-98. William Brigham, 1778, 82, 85. Samuel Stevens, 1778. Joseph Howe, 1779. William Boyd, 1780, 87. Daniel Barnes, 1780, 81, 83. Uriah Eager, Jr., 1780, 81, 83,84, 86. Amasa Cranston, 1781. Samuel Curtis, 1781. Silas Bayley, 1782. Abel Holden, 1783. George Williams, 1784, 89-91. Benjamin Bice, 1784. Solomon Barnes, 1784, 86, 88. Samuel Stow, 1785. Jonathan Weeks, 1785, 88-91, 93, 94. Joel Rice, 1786. Peter Wood, 1785. Jabez Bice, 1786, 88. Thaddeus Howe, 1787. John Stow, 1788, 90, 92-94. Luther Howe, 1788. WiUiam Hager, 1789. Samuel Howe, 1789, 1800. William Morse, 1790, 93, 94. Noah Rice, 1790-1800. Edward Barnes, 1790-6, 98, 1802, 3. ' Archelaus Felton, 1790. Abner Goodale, 1791, 1800. Joseph Williams, 1791. William Loring, 1792. Daniel Brigham, 1792-94, 1797-1813. Samuel Gibbon, 1794-1800, 2, 9. Robert Hunter, 1796, 97-99, 1801, 3, 5. Aaron Brigham, 1795, 96, 1802-5. Stephen Morse, 1795, 96. Jonathan Hapgood, 1796-1800, 1802-9, 11. William Weeks, 1797. Joseph Brigham, Jr., 1799, 1801. 281 Paul Brigham, 1801. John Loring, 1801, 11. Ithamar Brigham, 1801, 6, 9, 11-13. Stephen Eames, 1802-5, 8. Samuel Witt, 1802. Lovewell Barnes, 1803, 1810-17. Thomas Rice, 1804. Silas Gates, 1804, 6, 7, 8. Benjamin Rice, Jr., 1804, 7, 10, 16, 19, 20-22. Micah Sherman, 1805-7, 9, 11-13. Joel Cranston, 1806-9. Joseph Howe, Jr., 1806-20. William Weston, 1806, 7. Ephraim Brigham, 1808. John Weeks, 1808-10. William Barnes, 1810. Jedediah Brigham, 1810, 14-16. Eli Rice, 1810, 23, 28, 29. William Gates, 1811-13, 15, 19-21. Abraham Stow, 1812, 13. William Howe, 1812, 13. Jabez Green, 1814. Jabez Stow, 1814. Silas Temple, 1814-16. Ephraim Maynard, Jr., 1814, 15, 17-19. Benjamin Clark, Jr., 1814. SUas Felton, 1815-26. Solomon Weeks, 1815, 1832-38. Ashbel S. Brigham, 1816. John Howe, Jr., 1816, 21, 22. John Stevens, 1817-19. Aaron Stevens, 1820-31. William Holyoke, 1822-27. SUas Newton, 1823-27, 42. Ephraim Brigham, 1824, 25. Isaac Hayden, 1826-40, 44, 45, 58-60. Stephen Rice, 1826, 27. Jedediah Wood, 1828-31. Ephraim Howe, 1828-40. Stephen B. Phelps, 1830-35, 49-51. Ezekiel Bruce, 1832-34. George E. Manson, 1835-43, 58-60. Abel Rice, 1836-41. WUliam Barnes, 1839-42. Winslow Barnes, 1841, 42, 44, 45. Lewis Bigelow, 1842. Stephen Morse, 1843, 58-60. Jacob Holyoke, 1843. Ephraim Fairbanks, 1843. Emerson Howe, 1843. Jabez S. Witherbee, 1844, 45, 47, 48, 61-54, 57. SUas B. Fairbanks, 1844, 45, 54. Samuel Chipman, 1844, 45. David Goodale, 1846-48, 50, 51, 57. Francis Brigham, 1846, 47. Eber Howe, 1846-62. Jacob Fairbanks, 1847, 48. AVUliam H. Wood, 1849-50. HoUis Loring, 1849-51. Jacob Holyoke, 1852. Israel Howe, 1852. Ebenezer Witt, 1862, 53. Dwight Witt, 1853. John F. Cotting, 1863, 54. Lyman Perry, 1853. Samuel Chipman, 1854, 56. Elbridge Howe, 1854-57. B. F. UnderhUl, 1855, 66, 58-60. George S. Rawson, 1856, 56. Charles Howe, 1855. George Brigham, 1856. Samuel E. Warren, 1856. Asa Lewis, 1857. George E. Woods, 1857. John Goodale, 1858. List of Town Clerks of Marlborough, from its Incorporation to the present time, with the years each sei-ved. Nathaniel Joslin, 1714-25. Abraham Eager, 1726-30. Joseph Stratton, 1731, 38. James Woods, 1732-37, 44-49. Andrew Rice, 1739-43, 50, 51. John Warren, 1752, 53, 56-61, 63-67. Samuel Brigham, 1754, 55. John Ruddocke was chosen 1660, and continued perhaps till Philip's war, 1675. There may have been another clerk between him and Williams. Abraham WiUiams, 1682-1700, 1702- 12. Isaac Amsden, 1701, 12, 13. 282 Jonathan Barnes, 1762. Ebenezer Dexter, 1768. Uriah Brigham, 1769. Winslow Brigham, 1770-80, 82. Samuel Curtis, 1781. Moses Woods, 1783-1803. Benjamin Bice, 1804-6. Daniel Brigham, 1807-13. Jedediah Brigham, 1814. Silas Felton, 1815-27. Heman Seaver, 1828-31. Lambert Bigelow, 1832-53. John Phelps, 1854— The early Records of Town Officers give no Treasurer. Selectmen, Constable and Clerk appear to be the only officers chosen. As the Constables were made the Collectors, it may be that the moneys which came into their hands were paid over to the Selectmen, Avho managed the prudential affairs of the town, and took care of its property, which consisted mostly in real estate. From this circumstance, and loss of the records, I have found no recorded Treasurer, till 1739. The selection of a Treasurer was often left with the Selectmen. List of Town Treasurers of Marlborough to the present time. Thomas Howe, 1739, 40, 65, 67-69. George Brigham, 1741. Ephraim Brigham, 1742, 43, 60, 62-64. Jonathan Barnes, 1744-47. Joseph Howe, 1748, 49. John Warren, 1766, 70. . Hezekiah Maynard, 1771. Jonas Temple, 1772-74. Moses Woods, 1775-77, 79, 80. Simon Howe, 1778, 82-89. Benjamin Rice, 1781, 1819-25. Noah Rice, 1790-1800. Daniel Brigham, 1801-13. Jedediah Brigham, 1814-18. Mark Fay, 1826-32, 38, 42, 43. E. B. Witherbee, 1833, 34. Lambert Bigelow, 1836-37, 44-50, 52. John Phelps, 1839, 40. Hollis Loring, 1841, 61, 63, 64, 56. George Brigham, 1865. Winslow M. Warren, 1857— As the custom and the law threw the duty of Assessor upon the Selectmen, the early records show no distinct class of Assessors. When the town of Marlborough commenced elect ing that class of officers, the loss of records prevent our stajing. We find no record till 1739, though some were probably chosen earlier. List of Assessors of tlie Town of Marlborough, from the earliest Records to tlie present time. Abraham WiUiams, 1740, 46. Samuel Brigham, 1739, 40. Daniel Stewart, 1739, 41, 42, 44-48, 50, 63, 66, 69. John Warren, 1739, 42, 46, 46, 62, 63, 65. John Warren, 1740, 42, 44-46. James Woods, 1740, 43, 63. Jonathan Barnes, 1740, 50, 56-59. John Banister, 1741, 48, 50, 52, 64. 283 Jabez Ward, 1744. Andrew Rice, 1746, 47, 55. Ephraim Brigham, 1747, 69-63, 65, 68, John Eager, 1752. Noah Church, 1764-58, 60-63. Peter Bent, 1754, 64-67, 69-72, 75. Hezekiah Maynard, 1767, 64. Robert Baker, 1758. Nathan Goodale, 1760-62, 68. Samuel Stow, 1762-68, 70, 71, 78, 80. Joseph Hapgood, 1766. Edward Barnes, 1767, 69, 70, 72-74, 76, 77, 81, 86, 89-98. Winslow Brigham, 1769, 73-77, 81, 82, 84-86, 88. Francis Weeks, 1771, 72. Asa Brigham, 1773, 74. Paul Brigham, 1776, 76. Alpheus Woods, 1775, 78, 83. Ebenezer Bice, 1777, 79. SUas JeweU, 1778, 80. WUUam Boyd, 1779. Jonathan Temple, 1779. John W. Woods, 1780. Joseph WUliams, 1781. Joel Rice, 1782-84. Archelaus Felton, 1783-91, 93-98. Benjamin Rice, 1786, 87. Jabez Bent, 1787. Uriah Brigham, 1788. Jonathan Weeks, 1789. John Loring, 1790-93, 99-1802. Daniel Brigham, 1794-99. WUliam Barnes, 1797. SUas Felton, 1799-1803, 1806-25, 28. Aaron Brigham, 1800-6, 10. SUas Gates, 1803, 4, 10. Jedediah Brigham, 1804, 8. William Stow, 1805-7. John Stevens, 1807-9, 11-21. John Loring, 1809, 11-15. Silas Temple, 1816-19. Stephen Bice, 1820. Samuel Warren, 1820, 21, 25. Eli Rice, 1822, 23, 27. Truman Stow, 1823, 24, 26, 29-31. Levi Bigelow, 1824-39, 41, 42. Stephen Pope, 1826, 27, 34, 35. William Barnes, 1828-33, 38, 39, 42, 44, 45, 52-56. Mark Fay, 1832-41, 43. Stephen Morse, 1836, 37, 40, 46-50, 58-60. Edward Wilkins, 1840. Ebenezer Witt, 1841, 42, 44-48, 50, 62-59. William H. Wood, 1843. David Goodale, 1843. WiUiam F. Barnard, 1844. Emerson Howe, 1845. Stephen R. Phelps, 1846, 47. Jabez Huntington, 1848. Charles Brigham, 1849. WiUiam Gibbon, 1849, 52-54, 67-69. Jabez S. Witherbee, 1850. Aaron Brigham, 1862. Dwight Witt, 1852. Edward A. Gay, 1855. Samuel B. Maynard, 1856. WiUiam Wilson, 1857. Levi Bigelow, 1860. B. F. UnderhUl, 1860. List of Representatives to the General Court, from ihe Town of Marlborough, from its Incorporation to the present day. In the early part of its history, the Town sometimes neglected to send a Representative. WUliam Ward, 1666. Samuel Ward, 1679. Abraham WiUiams, 1679-82, 91, 93-96. Joseph Rice, 1683. Obadiah Ward, 1689, 90. Henry Kerley, 1689, 93, 1703. John Brigham, 1689, 92. John Barnes, 1692. Samuel Brigham, 1697-99, 1706. Thomas Howe, 1700, 1, 4, 6, 11, 13, 17-19. Thomas Beaman, 1707, 8, 12. Peter Rice, 1709-11, 14, 20, 21, 28-30. Thomas Rice, 1715, 16. WiUiam Ward, 1722. Caleb Rice, 1723-26, 27. 284 Nathan Brigham, 1726, 30. John Sherman, 1731, 32. Joseph Bice, 1733-36, 39. Ebenezer Witt, 1737. Samuel Brigham, 1741. Samuel Witt, 1745-49; 51-60, 62-70. James Woods, 1750. John Warren, 1761, 63. Peter Bent, 1771-76. George Brigham, 1776, 77, 81. Edward Hunter, 1777. Paul Brigham, 1777. Simon Stow, 1778-82. Winslow Brigham, 1783, 84. Edward Barnes, 1787, 92-98. Jonas Morse, 1790. WUliam Morse, 1791. Jonathan Weeks, 1800-2. Daniel Brigham, 1803, 10, 12-19. John Loring, 1804-8, 12-14. Ephraim Barber, 1810, 11. Samuel Gibbon, 1817. Joel Cranston, 1820, 21. SUas Felton, 1822, 24, 26. Daniel Stevens, 1828-31, 33. EU Rice, 1830, 34-36. Levi Bigelow, 1831, 32, 34, 39. Sylvester F. Bucklin, 1835, 36. Isaac Hayden, 1837, 39-41. Ezekiel Bruce, 1840, 42. Abel Bice, 1843, 44. Lambert Bigelow, 1845. David Goodale, 1847, 48. Obadiah W. Albee, 1849, 61, 61. Francis Brigham, 1860, 62. Abraham W. Rice, 1854. Lewis T. Frye, 1865. Hollis Loring, 1856, 57. Leonard E. Wakefield, 1858. John Phelps, 1859. Horatio Alger, 1860. 0. W. Albee, 1861. State Senators from Marlborough. Joel Cranston, 1813. Stephen Pope, 1837. Obadiah W. Albee, 1857. Delegates to the Provindal Congress. Peter Bent, Edward Barnes, George Brigham. Delegates to the Convention for Framing the Constitution, 1779-80. Edward Barnes, Moses Woods, Winslow Brigham. Delegates to the Convention to Ratify the Constitution of the United States. Jonas Morse, Benjamin Sawin. Delegate to the Convention in 1820, to Revise the Constitution of Massachusetts. Joel Cranston. Delegate to the Convention in 1853, to Revise the Constitution of Massachusetts. Isaac Hayden. 285 Committees of Correspondence. 1772-75. Hezekiah Maynard, Alpheus Woods, Edward Barnes, William Boyd, Jonas Morse, Jr. Daniel Harrington, Samuel Curtis. 1776, 77. Edward Barnes, Paul Brigham. WiUiam Morse, Moses Woods, Gershom Rice. 1778. Samuel Curtis, Nathan Mann, Jonathan Temple, William Boyd, John Stow. 1779. Edward Barnes, Jonathan Temple, Robert Hunter, Benjamin Sawin, Jonas Morse. 1779. Jonas Temple, Benjamin Sawin, Silas Barnes, Samuel Curtis, William Boyd. 1780. SUas Bayley, Benjamin Sawin, Jonathan Weeks, Joel Brigham, John Loring. 1781. Josiah Stow, Silas Barnes, Thomas Rice, William Hager, Solomon Bowker. 1782. Josiah Stow, Heman Stow, John Sawin, John Howe, Luther Howe. List of the Deacons of the Churches, stating the time of their election and death, as far as they are known. First Church. WiUiam Ward, elected 1666 ; died August 10, 1687> John Ruddocke, elected 1687 ; died January 29, 1693. Edward Rice, elected 1687 ; died August 15, 1752. John Woods, elected September, 1704 ; died AprU S, 1716. Joseph Newton, elected June 1, 1710 ; died September 24, 1727. James Woods, elected August 9, 1716 ; died August 7, 1718. Caleb Rice, elected March 12, 1718 ; died January 6, 1739, aged 72. Thomas Keyes, elected June 17, 1726 ; died August 25, 1742. John Barnes, elected AprU 17, 1729 ; died AprU 5, 1752. Samuel Stevens, elected May 22, 1741 ; died December 6, 1761. James Woods, elected May 22, 1741 ; died AprU 10, 1772. Andrew Rice, elected October 14, 1742 ; died January 15, 1775, aged 72. Joseph Tainter, elected August 18, 1742 ; died February 19, 1764, aged 76. Daniel Barnes, elected May 26, 1762 ; died March 24, 1776, aged 73. Samuel Stow, elected October 17, 1770 ; died January 12, 1808, aged 89. Simon Stow, elected October 17, 1770 ; died December 16, 1795, aged 73. Thomas Howe, elected March 20, 1776 ; died Samuel Howe, elected July 3, 1794 ; died July 31, 1820, aged 71. Abner Goodale, elected July 3, 1794 ; died May 16, 1823, aged 68. 37 286 Josiah Howe, elected September 21, 1796 ; died January 15, 1827, aged 78. Jonathan Hapgood, elected October 17, 1821 ; died AprU 12, 1849, aged 90. David Goodale, elected September 15, 1823 ; died October 17, 1858, aged 67. Ezekiel Bruce, elected March 13, 1827 ; died November 7, 1860, aged 76. WUliam E. Tidd, elected December 16, 1836 ; dismissed May 2, 1851. John E. Curtis, elected April 5, 1855. Rufus Howe, elected July 2, 1868.West Chukch. Benjamin Bice, elected AprU 28, 1808 ; died September 24, 1833. WiUiam Barnes, elected AprU 28, 1808 ; died March 7, 1823. Moses Ames, elected AprU 28, 1808 ; died January 24, 1825. Eli Rice, elected May 15, 1823 ; resigned October 31, 1849. Stephen R. Phelps, elected September 22, 1825. Abraham W. Rice, elected October 31, 1849. Dennis Witherbee, elected December 27, 1849. Uni'^'ersalist Church. Willard Newton, Isaac Haydeuj Truman Stow, Abel Brigham. List of Justices of the Peace, from the Incorporation of the Town to the present day, with the year of tlieir appointment, so far as it is known. Thomas Howe, 1707. John Fay, 1718. Benjamin Woods. Henry Barnes, 1766. Samuel Curtis, 1773. Peter Wood, 1783. Edward Barnes, 1800. Joseph Brigham, 1804. John Loring, 1809. Samuel Gibbon, 1809. Micah Sherman, 1809. Benjamin Rice, Jr., 1810. Joel Cranston, 1811. WiUiam Draper, 1813. WUliam Barnes, 1817. SUas Felton, 1823. Richard FarweU, 1826. Martin L. Stow, 1826. Daniel Stevens, 1827. Levi Bigelow, 1830. Nicholas B. Proctor, 1834. EU Rice, 1834. Ephraim Hinds, 1834. Stephen Pope, 1835. Solomon Weeks, 1838. William H. Wood, 1839. Winslow Barnes, 1846. Benjamin Rice, 1846. Nathaniel Langley, 1846. David Goodale, 1849. Stephen Morse, 1849. George S. Rawson, 1861. Isaac Hayden, 1851. Hollis Loring, 1862. WUliam B. Gale, 1854. Jabez S. Witherbee, 1866. George E. Manson, 1855. Alexander Felton, 1856. Florintme W. Pelton, 1866. Elbridge Howe, 1858. John Chipman, 1858. James R. Dockray, 1860. John M. FarweU, 1860. James F. Joslyn, 1860. O. W. Albee, (Trial Justice,) 1861. 287 Votes for Governor, from the Adoption of the Constitution to the present day. 1781 John Hancock, 78 1782 John Hancock, 63 1783 John Hancock, 61 Nathaniel Gorham, 1784 John Hancock, 51 1786 Tristam Dalton, 24 Benjamin Lincoln, . 1786 James Bowdoin, 28 John Hancock, . 1787 John Hancock, 128 James Bowdoin, . 1788 John Hancock, 104 James Bowdoin, . 1789 John Hancock, 102 1790 John Hancock, 79 James Bowdoin, . 1791 John Hancock, 78 1792 John Hancock, 73 Charles Jarvis, 1793 John Hancock, 74 Elbridge Gerry, . 1794 Samuel Adams, 93 Elbridge Gerry, . 1795 Samuel Adams, 77 Elbridge Gerry, . 1796 Samuel Adams, 132 Elbridge Gerry, . 1797 James Sullivan, 138 Increase Sumner, 1798 James Sullivan, 105 Increase Sumner, 1799 WUliam Heath, 123 Increase Sumner, 1800 Elbridge Gerry, 141 Caleb Strong, 1801 Elbridge Gerry, 162 Caleb Strong, 1802 Elbridge Gerry, 150 Caleb Strong, 1803 Elbridge Gerry, 86 Caleb Strong, 1804 James Sullivan, 127 Caleb Strong, 1805 James Sullivan, 131 Caleb Strong, 1806 James Sullivan, 132 Caleb Strong, 1807 James SuUivan, 163 Caleb Strong, 1808 James Sullivan, 163 Christopher Gore, 1809 Levi Lincoln, . 198 Christopher Gore, 1810 Elbridge Gerry, 205 Christopher Gore, 1811 Elbridge Gerry, 191 Christopher Gore, 1812 Elbridge Gerry, 208 Caleb Strong, 1813 Joseph B. Vamum, . 187 Caleb Strong, 1814 Samuel Dexter, 215 Caleb Strong, 1815 Samuel Dexter, 209 Caleb Strong, 1816 Samuel Dexter, 200 John Brooks, 1817 Henry Dearborn, 188 John Brooks, 1818 Benjamin W. Crowninshie >ld, 148 John Brooks, 1819 Benjamin W. Crowninshie Id, 180 John Brooks, 1820 WUliam Eustis, 140 John Brooks, 1821 AViUiam Eustis, 150 John Brooks, 1822 WiUiam Eustis, 118 John Brooks, 1823 WiUiam Eustis, 195 Harrison G. Otis, 1824 WiUia,m Eustis, 202 Samuel Lothrop, 1825 Levi Lincoln, . 164 Charles Jackson, 1826 Levi Lincoln, . 93 Marcus Morton, . 1827 Levi Lincoln, . 113 William C. Jarvis, 1828 Levi Lincoln, . 144 Marcus Morton, . 1829 Levi Lincohi, . 77 Marcus Morton, . 1830 Levi Lincoln, . 118 Marcus Morton, . 288 1831 Levi Lincoln, . 1831 Levi Luicoln,* 1832 Levi Lincoln, . 1833 John Q. Adams, John Davis, 1834 John Davis, 1835 Edward Everett, 1836 Marcus Morton, 1837 Marcus Morton, 1838 Marcus Morton, 1839 Marcus Morton, 1840 Marcus Morton, 1841 Marcus Morton, 1842 Marcus Morton, 1843 Marcus Morton, 1844 George Bancroft, 1845 Isaac Davis, 1846 Isaac Davis, 1847 Caleb Cushing, 1848 Stephen C. PhiUips, George N. Briggs, . 1849 Stephen C. Phillips, George N. Briggs, . 1850 Stephen C. Phillips, George S. Boutwell, 1851 John G. Palfrey, George S. BoutweU, 1852 Horace Mann, . Henry W. Bishop, . 1853 Henry WUson, Henry W. Bishop, . 1854 Henry J. Gardner, . Emory AVashbum, . 1855 Julius Rockwell, Erasmus D. Beach, . 1856 Henry J. Gardner, . Erasmus D. Beach, , 1857 Nathaniel P. Banks, Henry J. Gardner, . 1858 Nathaniel P. Banks, 1859 Nathaniel P. Banks, 1860 John A. Andrew, 117 Marcus Morton, . 97 Marcus Morton, . 110 Samuel Lothrop, . 129 Marcus Morton, . 88 129 John Bailey, 163 Marcus Morton, . 172 Edward Everett, 160 Edward Everett, 203 Edward Everett, 260 Edward Everett, 262 John Davis, 254 John Davis, 276 John Davis, . . . 268 George N. Briggs, 246 George N. Briggs, 191 George N. Briggs, 118 George N. Briggs, 156 George N. Briggs, 123 Caleb Cushing, . 86 177 George S. BoutweU, . 98 194 George N. Briggs, 122 190 Robert C. Winthrop, . 130 197 John H. Clifford, 172 172 Emory Washburn, 116 411 Henry WUson, . 49 200 Henry J. Gardner, 164 421 George W. Gordon, . 77 269 Erasmus D. Beach, 113 369 Erasmus D. Beach, 374 Benjamm F. Butler, . 515 Erasmus D. Beach, In setting doAvn the votes, I have put the name having the highest number first, irrespective of party, or the success of the candidate. At the first organization of the Govemment, there was no distinct party organization. About 1785 or '86, parties sprung up, but they were founded on temporary questions, which * Owing to an Amendment of the Constitution, there were two elections iu 1831 ; one in April, and one in November. 289 soon passed away. About 1797 or '98, the Republican and Federal parties came gradually into being. The former were the advocates of the election of Thomas Jefferson, and the latter of John Adams for the Presidency. The principal ques tions which divided the parties at that day, Avhen reduced to principles, involved the great question of the poAver of the National Government. Mr. Adams Avas a known advocate for Avhat was then termed a " strong government." His views Avere assailed by the Republican party, as encroaching upon the rights of the States. This controversy gave rise to the famous " Resolutions of 1798," adopted by the State of Vir ginia, which declared the Constitution of the United States to be a compact betAveen the States, and put forth extravagant claims of State Sovereignty. These Resolutions were the fruitful source of nullification, and more recently of secession — which are simply other names for insurrection — the evils of which Ave are now experiencing. The parties continued under these names, but soon began to assume new positions ; so that as new questions came up, new issues were made, and the Re publican party became the advocate of a strong National Gov ernment, and the Federal party became the strict construction ists in their turn ; though they never carried State rights to the excess of nullification and secession. After the war of 1812, the Federal party gradually faded away, and in 1825 there was in Massachusetts a political union ; and from that organization a new party arose, taking, in the first instance, the name of National Republicans, and after wards that of Whigs, to denote their opposition to Executive prerogative. This party, in the State and Nation, were opposed to the Democratic party. In 1848, the Free-soil party arose in Massachusetts and sev eral of the northern States, and supported Mr. Van Buren for the Presidency, who up to that time had been devoted to the interests of the South, and who, after the election was over, fell back into the ranks of the Democracy. About 1850 there was a combination of the Free-soil with a portion of the Demo cratic party, known as the Coalition ; this organization was succeeded in 1854 by another, known by the appropriate name of " Know Nothings." In 1857, the Republican party was formed in Massachusetts, 290 and many of the northern States. Opposed to them were the Whig party tdl about 1856, when that party was mostly merged in the Republican party ; and the Democratic party, which was virtually dismembered in 1860. This explanation seemed to he necessary to a proper under standing of the votes given, from time to time, for the respective candidates for Governor. Tlie following list of Governors of the State unit show when Marlborovgh acted with the majority of the people of tlie Commonwealth. John Hancock, . 1780-1784 John Davis, 1834-183S Jomes Bowdoin, . 1785-1786 Edward Everett, 1836-1839 John Hancock, . 1787-1793 Marcus Morton, . 1840 Samuel Adams, . 1794-1796 John Davis, 1841-1842 Increase Sumner, 1797-1799 Marcus Morton, . 1843 Caleb Strong, 1800-1806 George N. Briggs, 1844-1850 James Sullivan, . 1807-1808 George S. Boutwell, 1851-1852 Christopher Gore, 1809 John H. Clifford, 1853 Elbridge Gerry, . 1810-1811 Emory Washburn, 1854 Caleb Strong, 1812-1815 Henry J. Gardner, 1855-1857 John Brooks, . 1816-1822 Nathaniel P. Banks, 1858-1860 WiUiam Eustis, . 1823-1824 John A. Andrew, 1861- Levi Lincoln, 1826-1833 List of Graduates from different Colleges, of persons from Marlborough, so far as they have been ascertained. Thomas Banister, graduated at Harvard College, 1700 ; died 1716. He was son of John and Jane (Goodnow) Banister, born February 21, 1677. Robert Bbeck, grad. H. C. 1730. He was son of Rev. Robert Breck. He settled as a clergyman in Springfield, where he d. 1784. He was distinguished in his profession. Benjamin Woods, grad. H. C. 1739, and d. 1761. He was son of Benjamin Woods. Samuel Breok, grad. H. C. 1741. He was son of Rev. Robert Breck. He studied medicine, and was a surgeon in the French war, and d. at Springfield, 1764. Abraham Williams, grad. H. C. 1744. He was son of Abraham and Elizabeth (Breck) WUliams, b. 1727. He was a clergyman, ordained at Sand wich, 1749, and d. at Framingham, Aug. 8, 1784. David Barnes, grad. H. C, 1762. He was son of Dea. Daniel Barnes, and was b. March 24, 1731. He was ordained as a clergyman at Scituate, Nov. 27, 1764, and d. AprU 26, 1811, aged 80 years. He was distinguished in his pro fession, and received in 1783 the Degree of Doctor of Divinity. Job AVhitnet, grad. H. C. 1758 ; d. 1761. Ebenezer Rice, grad. H. C. 1760 ; d. 1822. Antipas Stuart, grad. H. C. 1760 ; d. 1814. He was a clergyman, and a son of Daniel Stuart. 291 Benjamin Brigham, grad. H. C. 1764. He was son of Benjamin Brigham, was settled as a minister at Fitzwilliam, N. H!, and d. 1799. Jonathan Barnes, grad. H. C. 1770. He was son of Jonathan Barnes, and was settled as a minister at Hillsborough, N. H. He d. 1805. Jesse Rice, grad. H. C. 1772. He settled as a physician in New Hampshire. On the breaking out of the Revolution he adhered to the royal cause, and left the country. He was son of Jesse Rice, and d. 1839, aged 86. Samuel Brigham, grad. Dart. C. 1779. He studied medicine, and estab- Ushed himself in Boylston. Noah Rice, grad. H. C. 1777 ; d. 1820. He was son of Jabez Rice, and was a trader in Boston and Marlborough. Perle? Howe, grad. Dart. C. 1790. He was a clergyman at Surrey, N. H., and was son of Simon Howe. John Bruce, grad. Dart. C. 1781 ; was a clergyman, and d. 1809. Daniel Woods, grad. H. C. 1795. He was son of Alpheus Woods, and d. at Roxbury, 1850. Jotham Bender, son of Peter Bender, grad. H. C. 1796 ; read law, and d. at Marlborough, 1800. Benjamin Rice, son of Benjamin, grad. H. C. 1796, and d. 1834. He entered no profession, was a farmer, and resided in Marlborough. Thomas Cole, grad. H. C. 1798, and d. in Salem, 1852. Israel Munroe, grad. H. C. 1800, and d. 1834. Willlvm Brown Stow, son of Heman Stow, grad. WUliams C. 1811. He was settled as a clergyman at WUmington, N. H. Martin Luther Stow, son of Heman Stow, grad. WiUiams C. 1813. He read law, and was in practice at Northborough, where he died. Frederick Adolphus Packard, son of Bev. Asa Packard, grad. H. C. 1814. He read law, and commenced practice in Springfield. Subsequently he went to Philadelphia as editor of the publications of the American Sunday School Union, and has been elected President of Girard College. Levi Brigham, son of Willard Brigham, grad. WUUams C. 1833. He is a settled minister at Saugus. Charles Draper, grad. H. C. 1833. Willard Brigham, son of Willard Brigham, grad. Williams C. 1838. He studied theology, and settled at Wardsborough, Vt. Edward Forbes Barnes, son of Edward Barnes, grad. H. C. 1838. He studied medicine, and settled in Marlborough. Roger Brown Hildreth, son of Dr. Hildreth, grad. H. C. 1843. Edwin M. Bigelow, son of Levi Bigelow, grad. H. C. 1846. He is a lawyer in Boston. Daniel Waldo Stevens, son of Temple Stevens, grad. H. C. 1846. He studied theology, and is settled at Mansfield. Horatio Alger, son of Rev. Horatio Alger, grad. H. C. 1862. Henry Barnes, Charles W. Barnes, Joseph L. Ames, Henry Clark, George Whitmore, and perhaps others, of Marlborough, have graduated at different Medical Schools, and entered the profession within the last twenty years. NOTE. A History of the Towns which were set off from Marlborough, would be a valuable addition to the foregoing, as presenting a full view of the original township, with the descendants of the early set tlers. Rev. Dk. Allen, of Northborough, has kindly furnished a Historical Sketch of that town, which wiU be read with pleasure and profit. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NORTHBOROUGH. BY REV. JOSEPH ALLEN, D. D. NoETUBOEOUGii is the youngest of the four Borough towns, not having been incorporated till 1766; although it became a precinct, known as the Second Precinct in Westborough, twenty-two years before ; viz., October 20, 1744, O. S., ansAvering to October 31, N. S. It did not acquire the rank or enjoy the full immunities of a town till the commencement of the Revolutionary war, when, by a general act of the Provincial Congress, all incorporated districts were declared to be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of towns. From 1 71 7, when "Westborough, then including the principal part of Northborough, was incorporated, till 1744, the inhabitants of the whole district formed one corporate body, who met together at the same place, for the transaction of public business and for public wor ship, and made appropriations from the common treasury for the support of the minister, for the purposes of education, for the repair of the highways, &c., and, with the exception of public worship, this united action continued tiU 1766. Northborough contains, within its present limits, 10,150 acres — a little less than sixteen square miles. It is of irregular shape ; its greatest length being from the north-east to the south-west. It lies principally in a valley, between the high lands of Marlborough on the east, of Berlin on the north, and of Shrewsbury and Boylston on the west. This interval spreads out to the south, and extends to the hiUs of Hopkinton and Upton, including a large part of Westborough. The river Assabet, which has its sources in the hills of Grafton and Shrewsbury, runs through the town, forming part of the bound ary line on the south-east, between Westborough and Northborough. It receives several tributaries in its course, and furnishes water-power for two cotton-mills and several saw and grist-miUs and comb shops. Its general course is north and north-east, leading to Feltonville and Assabet, and thence to Concord, forming the north branch of Con cord river, which falls into the Merrimac at Lowell. Its Indian name 38 294 has been retained, which has also been given to a beautiful hill near the village, formerly called Liquor Hill. The principal streams that fall into the Assabet in its course through the town are : I. Hop Brook, which, rising in Shrewsbury, crosses the south-west angle of the town, furnishing water-power for a saw-mill and grist-mill, and falls into the Assabet soon after that river enters the town. A small stream, called Bummit Brook, which carries the saw-mill of Jonathan Bartlett, falls into Hop Brook. 2. Stirrup Brook, the outlet of Great and Little Chauncy Ponds ; the former in Westborough, in the vicinity of the State Reform School ; the latter lying wholly in Northborough. This stream furnishes water-power for Bartlett's saw, shingle, and grist-mills, and falls into the Assabet in the north-easterly part of the town.* 3. Cold Harbor Brook, which, rising in Shrewsbury, and receiving a tributary stream from Rocky Pond in Boylston, furnishes water-power for two grist-miUs and a saw-mill ; then running through Cold Harbor meadow, and crossing the road between the village and the Old Congregational Church, forming other mill-sites, falls into the river Assabet, a hundred rods below the bridge. 4. Howard Brook, which, having its sources in the north-westerly part of the town, crosses the Clinton road a little to the north of the New Cemetery, furnishing water-power for a saw-mill and two or three comb-shops before it falls into the Assabet. The surface, though more even than that of most of the towns in Worcester County, is diversified by hills and valleys, by rocks and plains, by swamps and meadows. The soil is generally fertile, most of the cleared land producing fine crops of hay and grain, with excel lent pasturage, especially on the hills. In the northern part of the town the land is very uneven, being composed of ledges of rock, prin cipally gneiss, lying in strata, having in some places a dip of 70° or 80°. This is the principal rock of this part of the State, though the strata differ widely in different localities, being less regular and less easily worked in this region than in the towns farther south. There is a vein of hornblende running through the town from north-east to south-west, crossing the road that leads to Westborough, and forming a hard ledge about a mile south of the Eailroad station, and extend ing through Cedar Swamp to Tomlin Hill, so called. In the westerly part of the town, the rocks are of a slaty structure, and seem to contain a good deal of iron ore, as the rock easily decom poses when exposed to the air, having the appearance of iron-rust. * George C. Davis, Esq., informs me that from old records which he has seen, it appears that the stream that forms the outlet of Chauncy Pond, was called " Honey Brook," probably from the swarms of wild bees found in that vicinity. Stirrup Brook, so caUed from a hiU of that name iu Marlborough, falls into Honey Brook below Bartlett Mills, and gives its name to the main stream. 295 Clay of a superior quality is found in several localities, from which large quantities of brick have been made, many of which were used in building the Cochituate aqueduct. Limestone is also found in a few places, but it has never been worked to any considerable extent. The principal hills are Mount Assabet, overlooking tlie village, clothed on the eastern declivity by a fine grove of oaks — the other sides, with the summit, being cleared and cidtivated ; Ball Hill, at the north-west extremity, containing about 1,000 acres of excellent land for grazing or tillage ; Edmund Hill north of the village. Cedar Hill to the south-east, and Tomlin Hill to the south-west. Besides these, there' are other beautiful elevations giving a pleasing variety to the landscape, some of which are cleared and converted into pastures, and others remain covered with a fine growth of forest trees. Besides artificial ponds formed by dams, there are only two natural collections of water worthy of mention. The larger of these is Little Chauncy Pond, near the State Reform School, and Solomon's Pond, in the north-easterly part of the town, so called in commemoration of an Indian of that name who was drowned therein. The Village, so called by way of distinction, consists principally of buildings standing on half a mile of the main street, (which runs east and west, being a part of the old stage route from Boston to Worcester,) with such other buildings as are in close proximity to the Main street. Besides a goodly number of dwelling-houses, the vil lage contains three handsome church edifices, two hotels, four English goods stores, a large shoe manufactory, a two-story brick school- house, the bank, the post-office, the rail-road depot, the engine-house, and the town-house. The other principal roads are the one leading to Westborough, one to Feltonville, one to Boylston, and two, one east and the other west of the old Congregational church, leading to BerUn, Clinton and Lancaster. Farming, in its various branches, furnishes employment to a large portion of the inhabitants, though many young men are engaged in the manufacture of combs and in the shoe business. The two cotton- mills on the Assabet have furnished employment to about fifty hands, and run two thousand spindles. One of these was destroyed by fire, December 3, 1860, but will probably be rebuih. This was the old cotton factory, erected by a company in the time of the last war with Great Britain, 1814, at a cost of $30,000. The other, which is of brick, was built in 1832-3, by the brothers Phineas, Joseph, and Isaac Davis, Esqs., at a cost of $30,300, (including four houses and land.) It remained in the possession of members of that family till the death of the last survivor, Isaac Davis, Esq., in 1859. Both factories are now in the possession of the Messrs. Pratt, of Grafton. 296 The manufacture of combs was introduced into this place by Haynes & Bush, about the year 1839, and is still carried on, to a considerable extent, by the Brothers Wilder & Warren, T. Bush, Milo Hildreth & Brothers, and several other firms or individuals. The tanning business, also, is prosecuted to some extent in this town. It was commenced in the midst of the Revolutionary war, about 1778, by Deacon Isaac Davis, father of Gov. John Davis, con tinued by his sons, Isaac and Joseph Davis, Esqrs., and is now owned and carried on by his grandson, George C. Davis, Esq. The Agricultural Railroad, which at present terminates in this vil lage, furnishes an easy communication with the market ; and, when completed, will form a desirable connection with the northern and north-western routes. Settlement, Population, SfC. Some time previous to the close of the seventeenth century, some parts of the territory now included within the limits of Northborough had been laid out for farms. The first settler, according to tradition, was John Brigham, from Sudbury, to whom a grant of land was made in 1672, on "Licor Meadow Plain," as stated in the deed, and which we may suppose covered a tract of nearly level ground, extending north from the foot of Liquor Hill, or Mount Assabet, so as to include the site of the saw-mill, which he soon afterwards erected, and of the log-cabin which he built, near where the saw-miU of Wilder Bush now stands. Other grants of land were made in the same year; one to Samuel Goodenow, and another to John Rediat, "on the Nepmuck road that formerly led toward Coneticoat," both of which were proba bly within the bounds of this town. At the time of the division of Westborough into two precincts, or parishes, that is, in 1744, the north precinct contained thirty-eight families. After the separation, measures were at once adopted by the inhabitants of the north precinct to build a meeting-house and to settle a minister. After much controversy respecting a location, the ques tion was submitted to referees, who fixed on a spot a little to the west of that now occupied by the old meeting-house belonging to the First parish. The land on which it stands was given to the town by Capt. James Eager, April 26, 1745, for the use of the inhabitants, " so long," the deed runs, " as the said inhabitants of the north precinct shall improve said land for the standing of a meeting-house for the public worship of God." Before the separation, the inhabitants of the whole district, compris ing both towns, at first called " Chauncy," or " Chauncy Village,'' worshiped together in the old meeting-house, which stood near Wes son's tavern, now the Water-Cure establishment. 297 Northborough became an incorporated District, January 24, 1766 ; till which time its inhabitants continued to exercise their rights as citizens of Westborough, receiving their share of the appropriations made for the support of schools, for repairing the highways, &c. From the date of its incorporation to the commencement of the Revolutionary war, in 1775, when, as above-mentioned, it as.sumed the rank of a town, Northborough exercised all the rights and enjoyed all the privileges secured to other towns, excepting the privilege of sending a delegate or representative to the " Great and General Court," in this case voting with Westborough. It raised money for the maintenance of public worship, for the support of schools, for repairs on the highways, &c., and was not backward in furnishing men to join the several expeditions, undertaken by the Government of England, for the conquest of Canada. Three men joined the expedition to HaUfax in 1754 ; two were at Crown Point in 1755 ; and in 1758, eight young men from this small district were with the army under Gen. Abercrombie, at his defeat before Ticonderoga, one of whom, Capt. Timothy Brigham, who lived till October 5, 1828, to the advanced age of ninety-three, was second in command under Capt. Samuel Wood of this town, (who died Sep tember 21, 18I8, at the age of seventy-five,) of the company of Minute Men, which marched down to Cambridge on the memorable 19th of April, 1775, and which took part in the battle of Bunker Hill, on the I7th of June following, when Capt. Wood received a slight wound on the retreat of the American troops. The wound, though in the back, was not regarded as a dishonorable one ; nor was it of- so serious a nature as to prevent the brave captain from attending public worship the following Sunday, in his native village, with the rent in his coat unrepaired. The inhabitants of this precinct took an early and decided stand in defense of their rights in the controversy with the mother country, which preceded the breaking out of hostilities in 1775. As early as March, 1773, at a meeting of the citizens called for the purpose of con sulting together on public affairs, it was " Voted, as the opinion of this district, that it is the indispensable duty of all men, and all bodies of men, to unite and strenuously oppose, by all lawful ways and means, such unjust and unrighteous encroachments, made or attempted to be made, upon their just rights ; and that it is our duty earnestly to endeavor to hand these rights down inviolate to our posterity, as they were handed to us by our worthy ancestors." The following communication appears in the Massachusetts Gazette for February 17, 1773 : " We hear from Shrewsbury, that, one day last week, a peddler was observed to go into a tavern there, with a bag containing about 30 pounds of Tea. Information of which being had 298 at Northborough, about 5 miles distance, a Number of Indians went from the Great Swamp, or thereabouts, seized upon it, and committed it to the flames, in the road facing said Tavern, where it was entirely consumed." This was the same year that the tea was thrown over board in Boston harbor, by a band of young men disguised as Indians. In 1774, the District passed the following patriotic vote : " That we are determined to defend our Charter rights and privileges, at the risk of our lives and fortunes, and that the town desire the Committee of Correspondence to write to their brethren in Boston and inform them thereof." Again, June 3, 1776, a month before the Declaration of Independence was signed at Philadelphia, it was resolved: " That it is the mind of this town to be independent of Great Britain, in case the Continental Congress think proper : and that we are ready, with our lives and fortunes, if in Providence called, to defend the same." Nor did these spirited resolutions end in idle words. At one time, five, soon after, three, at another time, five, at another, seven, and on one occasion, seventeen men were called for from this small town, and were marched hundreds of miles, to mingle in the scenes of war. Nor was this all. Taking into consideration the hardships under gone by those who had entered into the service of their country, and especially the losses they had sustained by being paid in a depreciated currency, the town voted, December 28, 1780, in the midst of that winter of unprecedented severity, to raise their quota of men, (eight in all, to serve three years,) and to pay and clothe them at their own ex pense, allowing them forty shillings each a month, in hard money, in addition to their clothes. The number was very small of those who refused to embark in the cause of freedom ; the names of four only being recoiided as absentees, whose estates were confiscated near the close of the war. And al though the people were reduced to the greatest straits, owing to the depreciation of the currency, the want of a circulating medium, and the embarrassments of debt, yet almost all proved loyal in the trying times that followed. Only four of the citizens of this town were im- phcated in the Shays Rebellion, as it was called, which had its head quarters in the western part of Worcester County, and which had its origin in these very grievances. More prosperous times followed the adoption of the Federal Consti tution, and Northborough shared with other towns in the general prosperity. Churches, Ministers, Src. Soon after Northborough had become a separate precinct, viz., in the winter of 1745, measures were taken for building a meeting-house, 299 with a view to the permanent establishment of public worship. The first meeting-house was built the same year; and on the 21st of May, 1776, 0. S., answering to June Ist, Rev. John Martyn was ordained as the minister. Mr. Martyn was an able and faithful pastor ; and during his ministry of nearly twenty-one years, was highly esteemed by his people, and by his brethren in the ministry. He died, after a short sickness, April 30, 1767, in the sixty-first year of his age. He was a native of Boston, and a graduate of Harvard College of the year 1724. Rabbi Judah Monis, a converted Jew, for forty years Hebrew Instructor in Harvard College, and who had married a sister of Mrs. Martyn, of the name of Merrit, after the death of his wife in 1761, came to live with his brother-in-law, Mr. Martyn, where he remained till his death, April 25, 1764, at the age of eighty-one. By his will, among other bequests, he left a legacy of one hundred and twenty-six pounds, as a fund, the interest of which was to be de voted to the relief of indigent widows of deceased clergymen, appoint ing trustees for apportioning it; who, with their successors, have ful filled the trust. The fund now amounts to four hundred dollars. He also gave a silver cup and a large silver tankard, since converted into two cups, inscribed with his name, for the communion table. The grave of Rabbi JTidah Monis is near that of his brother-in-law. Rev. Mr. Martyn, in the old burying-ground, and both are marked by monuments, with appropriate inscriptions. On the fourth of the following November, (1767,) six months only after the death of Mr. Martyn, Rev. Peter Whitney, son of Rev. Aaron Whitney, of Petersham, was ordained as his successor. Mr. Whitney was graduated at Harvard College in 1762, and was married to Julia Lambert, of Reading, by whom he had ten children, who lived to the age of maturity. Mr. Whitney's ministry was long, peaceful and prosperous, and terminated in his sudden death, February 29, 1816, in the seventy-second year of his life and the forty-ninth of his ministry. The present senior pastor of the church. Rev. Joseph Allen, was ordained October 30th, 1816, at whose request, after a ministry pf forty years, a colleague was given him, he still retaining his office. Rev. Trowbridge B. Forbush, a graduate of Meadville Theological School, the junior pastor, was ordained January I, 1857. The meeting-house of the First Congregational Society was erected in 1808, and remodeled in 1848. Two other ecclesiastical societies have been formed in this town within the last thirty-five years, viz., the Baptist Society, organized February 3, 1827; and the Evangelical Congregational Society, April 3, 1832. Both are flourishing societies, and are furnished with hand- 300 some church edifices, erected, the former in 1860, and dedicated No vember 28 ; that belonging to the Evangelical Congregational Society in 1847, and dedicated February 23, 1848. The first pastor of the Baptist church was Rev. Alonzo King. His successors were Edward Seagrave, William H. Dahymple, Bartlett Pease, Artemas M. Piper, Tubal Wakefield, and Charles Farrar. The present incumbent. Rev. Silas Ripley, entered on his pastorate in May, 1855. The pastors of the Evangelical Congregational Church were :— 1. Samuel Austin Fay, ordained October 17, 1832 ; dismissed October 19, 1836. 2. Daniel H. Emerson, ordained October 19, 1836; dis missed April 23, 1840. 3. William A. Houghton, ordained July 5, 1843; dismissed June II, 1851. 4. Samuel S. Ashley, installed June 16, 1852. From. March 1841 to December 1842, the pulpit was statedly sup plied by Rev. Dr. Bates, formerly President of Middlebury College, Vermont. Schook, Lyceums, Libraries, S^c. Four years after the act of incorporation, that is, in 1770, the tovni was divided into four squadrons, as they were called ; and ten years afterwards, or in 1780, a grant was made of ^4,000, in a very depre ciated currency, amounting to only $175, which was increased by sub sequent grant to about $545, for building four school-houses ; about $136 for- each. The number of school-districts at present is six, in which schools are kept, on an average, six months in the year ; the Centre School having two departments, each furnished with a separate teacher. For the support of these schools the town makes an annual appropriation of from $1,200 to $1,300. The wages of male teachers are from $40 to $50 a month, including board, while the wages of female teachers are from $20 to $25. All the school-houses but one are of brick ; the one in the centre is of two stories, and furnished with a bell ; and all are of modern con struction, and in tolerably good repair. The cost of the five brick school-houses was about $7,000. The first school committee was chosen April, 1826, agreeably to an enactment of the Legislature, passed March 4th, the same year; before which time the minister and the selectmen were the visitors and superintendents of the schools. The preceding year, 1825, this town chose a Committee of seven members, " on uniformity of school books," which committee, in May of the same year, made their report, recommending a hst of class books to be used in all the schools in town, 301 to the exclusion of all others, which report was accepted, and a great and growing evil was thereby corrected. From this period, (1826,) more than ten years before the Board of Education was established, the school committee made a report to the town, each year, of their doings, and of the state of the schools, copies of which are contained in the town records. In 1830, the town voted to introduce Holbrook's School Apparatus, which accordingly was done ; the articles were manufactured by Capt. Thomas W. Lyon, an ingenious machinist of this town. Two years earlier, 1828, the town adopted a system of regulations, which was published for the use of the teachers, and wliich, with some modifica tions, is still in force. Few towns in this Commonwealth, it is believed, in proportion to their size, have furnished a larger number of teachers during the last half century than this. A friend has furnished us with a list, containing the names of fifty-seven teachers, male and female, whose education was obtained principally in our public schools, who found employment as teachers in this and other places, during the first thirty years of the present century. During the last thirty years, the number must have been much larger, as more than thirty have graduated at our Normal Schools, most of them at the one in Bridgewater. Many of them have found employment in various parts of the country. Some of the teach ers who have gone from this town, have continued in the employment for thirty or forty years, and some are still in active service. Several attempts have been made to establish a permanent High School in this place, but hitherto without success. That institution, so much needed, and so earnestly desired by many, is yet in the future, but cannot, we think, long be delayed. Although this is a reading community, there is no large public library in. town, the people depending on parish, or private libraries, or book clubs. A juvenile library, afterwards converted into a Sunday school hbrary, was formed in 1824, replenished by an annual contri bution, and which for many years furnished reading for all the children in town, who chose to apply for them. Sunday school libraries are now connected with the several parishes, or religious societies. Libraries for young women and for young men have been instituted, and have flourished for many years ; but, as the proprietors became scattered, the libraries went to decay, and have ceased to exist. A free public library, supported by the town, in accordance with a statute of the Commonwealth, passed May, 1851, would be a great pubhc benefit, and is " a consummation devoutly to be wished." The ben efits of such an institution will be realized in " the good time coming." A " Social Library" was instituted as early as 1792, and was main- 39 302 tained till its incorporation with the Free Library of the First Parish, in 1828. A Lyceum was estabhshed in 1828, which, after continuing in active operation for about thirty years, gave place to the " Young Men's Lyceum," which flourished for a few years, and was then suffered to die out. A Course of Lectures has been given in the Town HaU each season since the winter of 1826-7, tiU 1860-1, a period of thirty-four years. For many years the lecture was followed by a discussion, or debate, on some subject previously assigned. The population of the town, fifty years ago, was less than 800. It has more than doubled since, though the increase during the last ten years has been quite inconsiderable. In 1850, it was 1,535 ; in 1860, 1,563. The increase in wealth, during the same period of ten years, has been much greater in proportion to the number of inhabitants. In 1850, the valuation was $625,596 : in 1860, it amounted to $947,539, being an increase of nearly $322,000. The Agricultural Branch Railroad, which has its present terminus in Northborough, was finished in 1855. The Northborough Bank was incorporated in 1854, with a capital of $100,000 : of this institution, George C. Davis, Esq., is President, and Abraham W. Seaver, Cashier. In 1831, the town, by a unanimous vote passed March 7th, ac cepted a munificent donation of $3,000 from Henry Gassett, Esq., a merchant of Boston, but a native of this town. This is an accumu lating fund, one-sixth of the interest of which, after reaching the sum of $4,000, is to be annually added to the principal, and the other five- sixths to be applied to the support of the minister, for the time being, of the First Congregational Society, so long as such Society should exist, and " maintain a good and convenient house for public worship on or near the spot where the present meeting-house stands." Mr. Gassett died in Boston, August 15, 1855, at the age of eighty-three. The Town Hall was built in 1822, and a basement story added for a Vestry in 1833. The town clock was a present from the late Jonas Ball, a short time before his death, in 1847. GENEALOGICAL SKETCH EARLY FAMILIES IN MARLBOROUGH. INTRODUCTION. In the foUowing notices of the Marlborough FamiUes, I have con fined myself mainly to those who were in the place before 1800. I have endeavored to begin as far back as my means of information would aUow, and to trace the line of descent to the family or indi vidual who came to Marlborough ; and while he or they remained in town, I have endeavored to embrace in the Ust every member of the family. When any individual or family left town, I have dropped the genealogy — though I have noted aU important historical events connected with the individual or family, known to me, as far as they fell within the scope of this sketch. It has not been my purpose to bring the genealogy down to the present time, but only to a period where any person who has any de sire to do so, can take up the inquiry and pursue his own family to the present day. Every one acquainted with genealogical research, knows that it would the work of a lifetime, to give a fuU and complete gene alogy of aU the famiUes in all their branches, of such a tovm as Marl borough, covering, as it does, two centuries, and embracing a territory which now comprises four distinct towns. Besides, Marlborough, dur ing one century of her history, has been like a lodge in the wilderness, where the pilgrims have merely tarried for a short time, to rest and refresh themselves on their journey to more distant lands. It has been one of those nurseries which have reared up troops of emigrants to people other and more remote regions. Under these circumstances I have been constrained to confine myself to the families resident within the town, and to stop short of the present day. But though 1800 has been the point at which I have proposed to close the tables of the famiUes, I have found it impossible to confine myself to any 304 exact period. Some large famiUes extend over a period ot twenty or twenty-five years ; and when they commenced before 1800, I have not felt at liberty to stop in the midst of a family ; and when I have given the birth, I have, where information was at hand, given the marriage, and sometimes the death. I have, in fact, felt the tempta tion strong to use the facts I possessed, and to overrun rather than stop short of my prescribed limits. Some may regret that the gen ealogy had not been brought do^vn to the present time. But this would have increased the labor one hundred per cent, and have made the volume unreasonably large. While I have endeavored to be accurate, I have not the vanity to suppose that I have escaped all errors. Every one who has had any experience in such labors, knows that errors are unavoidable. The negligence of the most careful parents, in having the births, deaths, and marriages in their respective families recorded, renders it impossible, from the town records, to give accurate lists of the famUies. The dif ficulty is greatly heightened by the fact, that the Christian names in early times were so few in number, that almost everj famUy, in its different branches, had two or three Williams, or Samuels, or Johns, or Davids, or Marys, or Sarahs, or Abigails, or Elizabeths ; so that-, if we find a record that John Rice married Mary Howe, we are in doubt which John or which Mary it is who has entered the bands of wed lock, especiaUy as we find at least two of a marriageable age at that period. The same difficulties arise in obituary notices. Most of the records give simply the name and date of the death, without any age or other designation, leaving it uncertain whether it is the mother or daughter, or a cousin of that name ; or whether it is John 1st, 2d, or 3d. In all such doubtful cases, I have, as far as practicable, sought other evidence, and in most cases have been enabled to arrive at rea sonable certainty. If, under the circumstances, I have made some forced or unnatural marriages, the parties or their friends may console themselves with the reflection that they can separate without the trouble or delicacy of a divorce. And if I have prematurely consigned some to the shades, they are at Uberty to Uve on, as though nothing had happened. A person of no experience in these matters, is not aware of the defects and omissions in the records. I have frequently, from the records in the Probate office, been enabled to add two or three children to a fam ily, and correct many other mistakes. Some of the early records of marriages omit the family name of the wife altogether — ^the record being simply that such a man and his wife Mary, or Sarah, were mar ried on such a day, month, and year. I mention these embarrassments, because it is the fate of every genealogist to be censured and pro- 305 nounced unreUable, especially by those who know little or nothing of the amount of labor required, and the difficulties to be encountered. You may trace a family from the first emigrant down to the present day, — ^you may give them a vast amount of information concerning their ancestors and descent, of which they knew nothing before ; but if you happen to omit one darling chUd, solely in consequence of the neglect of the parents in not having the birth recorded, your labors wdl be condemned, and your accuracy will be called in question. Or you may copy accurately from the public record, and if the date does not correspond with the family record, or the date upon the grave-stone, you may expect to be held personally responsible for the discrepancy. All that the genealogist can expect, is to be censured by many he has labored to serve, and to be made the scape-goat to bear away the carelessness of the clerk, and the neglect of parents and friends. He may, after all his labor and care, be left to realize, in some degree, the truth of the poet's couplet : " Truths would you teach, or save a sinking land ; All fear, none aid you, and few understand." I regret that the accounts I have given of some families are so meagre and imperfect ; but the defect is chargeable to the record and not to me. Nor have I been able from other records to supply, in many cases, the defects. What I have given is the fruit of much labor, study and anxiety. I have carefuUy examined the Records of Marlborough, and several other towns. I have availed myself of all genealogies which have been published, that were supposed to have any connection with the Marlborough famiUes. Particularly am I indebted to Ward's History of Shrewsbury, and to his Ward and Rice Families ; to Morse's Brigham Family, and to Barry's History of Framingham ; and to Mrs. Williams's Births, Deaths, and Mar riages in Marlborough. I have in all cases rejected the double dating between the Ist of January and the 25th of March, and made the year commence with the first of January. This may be regarded by some antiquaries as unwise. But from a pretty full consideration of the subject, I am satisfied that the system of double dating, in a work of this nature, is more productive of error than of accuracy. And though most gene alogists have adopted it, I have never yet seen a work of any magni tude, where the system was fully adhered to ; but in very many cases the day and month have been omitted, and the year only set down, obviously for no other reason than to avoid this question of double dating. I have therefore commenced the year with the first of JaU' nary, rather than perplex the reader with this vexed subject. 306 The following explanation will enable the reader to understand the genealogical tables of families : Abreviations. — b. stands for born; bap, for baptined; m. ior married; d, for died; unm. for unmarried; dau. for daughter or daughters; wid. for widow; r. for resided or resides. Several towns will be found in an abbreviated form, as Marl, for Marlborough; Sud. for Sudbury; North, for Northborough; West. for Westborough ; South, for Southborough ; Wat. for Watertown, &c. All towns are understood as being in Massachusetts, unless otherwise designated. ' In the following tables the parents' names are given in full, and are printed in small capitals ; and the children's Christian name alone is given, and is printed in italics. Children are separated from parents by a short line or rule, thus : . And different families or branches of famiUes by a long rule, thus : The right hand column of figures in the left margin of the page denotes the number of persons consecutively, from the first named to the last of the family. The first male mentioned under each general head, or new family, is set down as 1, and his children as 2, 3, 4, 5, &c., and so on, consecutively, through every branch of the family; and the number set against any person is to be considered as his or her number ; and no one is ever brought forward again but in con nection with that number. Whenever the children are first named in the series, the number of the father is brought down against the children, and placed at the left hand, separated by a hyphen, thus: 1-2 or 13-29 ; the left hand figures denoting the father, and the right hand figures, the children — the father's number being understood as applying to each of his children. Whenever an obelisk (t) is pre fixed to a name, it denotes that the person wiU be taken up again ; and the place where he is thus treated of may be found by following down th e left margin of the page, tiU you find his number standing one place to the left, and the number of his father one place to the left of that, expressed thus : 1-2- or 13-29-. The numbers will of course vary with the position of the person in the table. That the above explanation may be fully understood, I wiU illus trate it by its application to a family. Take the Bigelow Famili, commencing at page 325, as an example. John Bigelow, the fu-st immigrant, stands as No. 1. Against that number, his personal history is given. He is separated from his children by a short rule or line. His number (1) is brought down against the name of John, his first child mentioned. John is num bered 2, Jonathan, 3, and so on to James, who is numbered 7. No. 1, the number of the father, is understood as standing against the names or numbers of all his children. By inspcctino- the familyi 307 it will be seen that an ohelish is prefixed to the name of Samuel, whose consecutive number is 5, with that of his father (No. 1) stand ing above, to represent that Samuel is a child of John. This obelisk denotes that Samuel, the child, wiU be taken up again, when he will appear as a father, with his whole name printed in smaU capitals. To find where he is thus treated of, follow down the left margin of the page till you come to 1-5- the appropriate numbers of Samuel and his father. Here his personal history is given, and he is separated from his children by a short line. His number (5) is brought down against his children, who are num bered 8, 9, 10, and so on to 17. By a glance at the family, it will be seen that John, Samuel, and Thomas, represented by 8, 10, and 12, respectively, are to be taken up again, as the obelisk is prefixed to each of their names. Thomas, for example, whose number is 12, in connection with his father, whose number is 5, is expressed 5-12-. To find the place where he is further treated of, follow down the left margin of the page, tiU you find these numbers standing against each other, where Thomas is described, and is followed by his children, denoted by figures expressive of their order in the series of numbers and names. The same general direction will apply in all other cases. To show the perfection of this scheme, each individual can be traced backward, thus : Take Charles D. as an example, numbered 120. It wiU be seen that he is the son of 66 ; by following back, it will appear that 66 represents Gershom, the son of 46 (Ivory), who is the son of 25 (Gershom), who is the son of 8 (John), who is the son of 5 (Sam uel), who is the son of 1, representing John, the first emigrant. In this manner each individual can be traced backward through his ancestors, or forward through his posterity. It will also be seen that each separate family, under each general division or name, comprised within the long lines, presents at one view three generations, the grandfather, father, and children. Thus the family of Thomas Bigelow, separated by long lines from that of Samuel, which precedes, and that of Gershom, which follows, presents one generation in the children, numbered from 38 to 44, both inclu sive ; another in the father, numbered 12 ; and another in the grand father, numbered 5. I have been thus particular, because there is a general complaint among common readers, that genealogical tables are unintelligible ; and I had rather be accused of repetition, than not be understood. The system I have adopted, though differing from that of most genealogists, is believed to be on the whole the most simple; and the easiest understood. GENEALOGY. 1- 2345 67 1-3- ADAMS. — Benjamin Adams was in Marlborough in the early part of the 18th century. By his wife Persis, he had Persis, b. 1732, d, 1782; Silas, b. Nov. 18, 1733, d. 17.36; Rebecca, h. 1736. Jonas Adams, by his wife Sarah, had Jacob, b. December 2, 1771 ; Dorcas, b. 1774 : Sarah, b. 1777 ; Joel, b. 1779 ; John, b. 1782 ; Samuel, b. 1784; Lucy, b. 1785; Polly, b. 1788. ALCOCKE.— John Alcocke, b. in England, 1627, m. Sarah Palsgrave. He was son of Dea. George Alcocke, of Roxbury, who was Representative to the first General Court, May 14, 1634. John, grad. H. Coll. 1646; he resided in Roxbury, was a physician, and was often employed by the Colony in public service, such as survey ing and locating grants of land. For his public services, he had a grant of a thousand acres of land, now included in Marl, and known as " The Farm." He had other grants of land in different places. ALEXANDER. — Thomas Alexander, by wife Phebe, had Jonas> b. March 8, 1749 ; Jeduthan, b. Sept. 5, 1751, m. 1774, Gate Smith, and had Jeduthan, b. 1775 ; Phebe, b. Sept. 22, 1753; Jabez, b. Aug. 22, 1755, moved to Henniker, N. H. ALLEN. — Stephen Allen, by wife, Catharine Weeks, had Mnt b. 1779; Moses, b. Dec. 14, 1781 ; Betsey, b. 1784; Benjamin W.,h. Oct. 27, 1786 ; Lucy, b. 1788 ; Catey, b. 1792.— William Allen, by wife, Sarah Joslin, had Anna, b. 1792 ; William C, b. Jan. 1, 1793, m. 1819, Elizabeth Loring. THE AMSDEN FAMILY. Isaac Amsden, son of Isaac Amsden, of Cambridge, was b. 1656, He was a proprietor of the Ockoocangansett purchase in 1684. He was in Marl, eome years previous, and m. Jane Rutter, of Sudbury j she d. his widow, Nov. 22, 1739. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 2, 1C77; m. June 3, 1697, Josiah Reed. ^ Isaac, b. Aug. 29, 1680 ; m. July 24, 1705, Zipporah Beaman. |Jo/m, b. Dec. 28, 1683 ; m. Hannah. tT7iomas, b. Jan. 9, 1685 ; m. June 18, 1712, Eunice Howe. /aco6, b. Feb. 29, 1689 ; m. Oct. 28, 1719, Sarah Beaman. ^Abraham, b. Oct. 15, 1692; m. Nov. 29, 1722, Hannah Newton. Isaac Amsden m. July 24, 1705, 1st, Zipporah Beaman. She d- Nov. 9, 1716, and he m. 2d, May 28, 1718, Mary Martin. She d. March 25, 1719, and he m. 3d, 1725, Hannah Francis, of Medford. 309 3- 8 10 1-4- 4-1 1 1213 1517 19 21 1-5- 5-23 2425 1-7- 7-26 27 2830 He was a citizen of some prominence, and held his Majesty's Com mission as Captain. He d. May 3, 1727, aged 47. His house was one of the irarrisoncd houses in 17II. Thankful, b. Nov. 14, 1706. Zipporah, b. Oct. II, 1726. 9 Elizabeth, b. March 13, 1709. John Amsden m. Hannah 1773. She d. his widow, Oct. 9, Amity, b. Oct. 9, 1704; m. 1727, Jacob Wheeler. Unity, b. Dec. 27, 1705 ; m. 1730, Joseph Wetherby. Uriah, b. Feb. 10, 1708, d. 1708. 14 Zeruiah, b. April 24, 1709. Jonathan, h. Jan. 31, 1710. John, b. Nov. 9, I7I4. Persis, b. April 21, 1720. Aaron, b. June 2, 1724. 16 Ephraim, b. Jan. 3, 1713. 18 Hannah, b. June 4, 1717. 20 Isaac, b. Jan. 10, 1722. 22 David, b. Sept. 23, 1726. Thomas Amsden m. June 18, I7I2, Eunice Howe, dau. of Joseph and Dorothy. Like his brother Isaac, he commanded a military company, when that honor was conferred upon the substantial men of the town only. He d. April 27, 1760, aged 75. She d. Oct. 20, 1725. Lucy, b. April 18, I7I3 ; m. Feb. 13, 1732, Benjamin Howe. Joseph, b. Aprd 15, 1716 ; d. March 30, 1737. Eunice, b. July 27, 1720 ; m. Oct. 14, 1746, Jeremiah Robinson. Abraham Amsden m. Nov. 29, 1722, Hannah Newton. March 7, 1763, aged 73. He d. Abraham, b. Aug. 29, 1723; m. 1st, Hannah Whitcomb, Feb. 13, 1740, and m. 2d, Submit Morse, and had Levi, b. May 22, 1744. Uriah, b. July 19, 1725; m. Abigail, and had Joseph, b. April 20, 1749, m. I77I, Mary Edward; Benjamin, b. Nov. 24, 1751; m. 1773, Mrs. Hannah Morse ; and Joel, b. June 18, 1755. [1758. Jacob, b. May 28, 1728. 29 Bezaleel, b. March 13, 1731, d. Francis, b. Dec. 4, 1734. 31 Hannah, b. Ap. 13, 1739. ANGIER. — Benjamin Angier, by wife Sarah, had in Marl. Ben jamin, b. 1735, and Silas, b. 1737. He had Sarah, Mary, Timothy, John, and Sarah, b. in Framingham. THE ARNOLD FAMILY. Joseph Arnold came into Marl, in 1762, to reside with Mary Sherman, wid. of John Sherman. He m. about that time Lydia . She d. 1776, and he m. Persis, who d. Feb. 20, 1825, aged 84. He d. Nov. 15, 1796. 1- 2 Joseph, b. Aug. 25, 1763; m. Feb. 1, 1786, Molly Barnes. 3 William, b. Oct. 27, 1765 ; m. Jan. 1790, Polly Rice, of Framingham. 4 Lydia, b. Aug. 4, 1767 ; d. young. 5 Rebecca, b. Sept. 20, 1768 ; m. Oct. 9, 1793, Daniel Darling. 6 f Winslow, b. July 16, 1770 ; m. Abigail Hager. 40 310 9 10 II12 1-3- 3-13 14151617 18 1-6- 6-19 2021 1-7- 7-22 232425 26 27 1-3- 3- 6 7 89 10 William Arnold m. 1790, Polly Rice, of Framingham ; she d. 1795, and he m. 2d, Jan. 3, 1797, Relief Rice, who d. Nov. II, I8II, and he m. 3d, Aprd 23, I8I2, Susunna Gates. He d. Oct. 12, 1828, aged 64. Wid. Susanna d. May 7, 1845. Willard, b. Feb. 2, 1791 ; m. 1817, Elmira Johnson. Stephen H, b. Dec. 11, 1792; d. Feb. 23, 1815. Polly Rice, b. Sept. 26, 1795 ; m. April 18, 1832, Zenas Johnson. Jaclcson, b. July 6, 1797 ; m. Oct. 29, 1823, Lucy Barnes. Winthrop, b. July 17, 1801 ; m. Oct. 10, 18'i5, Sophia Barnes, who d. 1833. Caroline, b. Aug. 24, 1807 ; m. June 24, 1830, Martin Howe. ]John, b. Sept. 15, 1771 ; m. July 22, 1793, Rachel HUl. Anna, b. July 18, 1773. Lydia, b. April 11, 1774 ; m. March 27, 1796, Silas Temple. Molly, b. Feb. 16, 1778 ; m. 1798, Ephraim Bigelow. Levi, b. Sept. 13, 1779; m. Nov. 27, 1800, Miriam Bigelow. Aaron, b. Oct. 10, 1781 ; m. Sept. 9, 1804, Sarah Tainter ; d. 1832. Winslow Arnold m. Abigail Hager, Aug. 17, 1791, dau. of Ebenezer and Abigail (Stow) Hager. Joel, b. Dec. 20, 1791 ; m. Nov. 12, 1816, Ruth Parminter. Samuel, b. May 10, 1794 ; m. March 3, 1822, Betsey Wood. Sally, b. March 30, 1797 ; d. Dec. 22, 1832. John Arnold m. July 22, 1793, Rachel HiU. She d. May 18, 1829. John Hills, b. Aug. 29, 1794; d. Oct. 12, 1823. Prudence Hills, b. Aug. 24, 1798 ; m. Nov. 23, 1820, William Dunton. Steplien JV., b. Nov. 9, 1802. Mary A., b. Feb. 8, 1804; m. 1828, Eli Huntington. Pierpont K., b. Feb. 15, 1809. William H., b. Aug. 17, 1812. THE AXTELL FAMILY. Henrt Axtell was one of the proprietors of Marl, at the time of its incorporation, in 1660, and drew his land in the first division. He m. June 14, 1665, Hannah . He was slain by the Indiana, between Sudbury and Marl., April 20, 1676. Mary, b. Aug. 8, 1670; m. May 24, 1698, Zachariah Newton. jThomas, b. Aug. 8, 1672; m. Nov. 2, 1697, Sarah Barker. Daniel, b. Nov. 4, 1673. 5 Sarah, b. Sept. 28, 1675. Thomas Axtell m. Nov. 2, 1697, Sarah Barker, of Concord. Thomas, b. Aug. 19, 1698 ; d. Dec. 22, 1698. Sarah, b. Feb. 16, 1703; m. Feb. 7, 1721, Josiah Hayden. ]Joseph, h. Aug. 1, 1705; m. AbigaU Hayden, 1730. Thomas, b. May 11, 1712 ; probably moved to Graflon. John, b. April 15, 1715. 11 AbigaU, b. Oct. 8, 1717. 311 3-8- 8-12 14 1-2- 2- 9 II12 1-4- 4-13 15 16 171819 20 21222324 2526 27 Joseph Axtell m. Feb. 4, 1730, AbigaU Hayden, of Sudbury. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 7, 1730. 13 Man/, b. Jan. 18, 1732. Daniel, b. Jan. 14, 1734. 15 Abigail, b. Oct. 12, 1738. The Axtells have long been extinct in Marl. BADCOCK.— William Badcock, by wife Lucy, had William, b.- July, 1711, who m. Lydia, and hud Lydia, b. May y3, 1739; William, b. July 17, 1741 ; Mary, b. Oct. 31, 1743 ; Jonah, b. Dec. II, 1745, d. young; Jonah, b. Deo. 11, 1748; Lucy, b. April 7, 1751. This name is now generally written Babcock, substituting b for d. THE BAKER FAMILY. Joseph Baker was in Marl, early in the ISth century, being one of the committee in 1710, to warn meetings of the proprietors of the Indian plantation. I shall not attempt to trace his genealogy ; for next to the name of Smith, Baker is one of the most difficult. Almost every early settlement had one or more of this name. Joseph Baker, by his wife Elizabeth, had, as appears by the Record, the following children b. in Marl. She d. Feb. 6, 1763. He was probably son of Wm. and Eliza., of Concord, and d. June 2, 1755. f Joseph, b. June 8, 1708, m. Esther Harwood. Elizabeth, b. March 28, 1711; m. Dec. 14, 1733, Robert Moulton. ^£^, \ "• Nov. 24, 17I3, \ ^-^6^13. Mary, b. July 29, 1717. Sarah, b. Sept. 1, 1722 ; m. 1743, Obadiah Perry. Hannah, b. May 15, 1725 ; m. June 15, 1745, Richard Taylor. Joseph Baker m. Esther Harwood, of Dunstable, Aug. 26, 1724. Esther, b. May 21, 1725. 10 Ruth, b. Sept. 14, 1726. Edward, b. March 7, 1728 ; m. 1757, Patience Howe. Timothy, b. Feb. 3, 1730; d. March 20, 1785. Robert Bake k, m. Lydia . They had a family of 15 children. He Elizabeth, b. April 3, 1741. 14 Joseph, b. Sept. 8, 1742. Patience, b. Feb. 23, 1743 ; m. May 30, 1769, Nathan Wetherby, Ephraim, b. Nov. 7, 1745. Molly, b. Aug. 20, 1747; m. 1771, John Putnam. John, b. Aug. 3, 1749 ; m. 1783, Mary Hayden, of Sudbury. was among the three years' men in the Revolution. Lydia, b. June 20, I75I ; m. Feb. 13, 1772, Samuel Harris. Estlier, b. April 19, 1753 ; m. Juno 10, 1773, Nathan Mann. WiUiam, b. Feb. 10, 1755; d. Nov. 1, 1760. Thomas, b. Dec. 31, 1756 ; m. Feb. 26, 1781, Sarah Temple. Silas, b. Dec. 23, 1758. He was in the three years' service in the anny. Stephen, b. Oct. 18, 1760; m. Nov. 17, 1791, Prudence Phelps, Lan. Sarah, b. July 10, 1762; m. March 30, 1780, Ephraim Stow. Hannah, b. Aug. 23, 1764 ; m. May 26, 1785, Bezaleel HUl. Rachel, b. Sept. 28, 1766 ; m. 1792, Stephen Osborn. The Bakers in Marl, since 1800, are not, we suppose, connected with the above family. 312 THE BANISTER FAMILY. Christopher Banister m. Jane, dau. of Thomas Goodnow, of Sudbury. He was one of the proprietors of Marl, in 1657, and signed the first order passed by the town after its incorporation. He re ceived his share in the first division of lots in 1660, and the year following engaged with Obadiah Ward and Richard Barnes, to erect a frame for a house for Mr. Brimsmead, their minister. His house-lot was bounded on the east by the Indian planting field, on the north by the house-lot of John Barrett, and on the south by the house-lot of John Ruddocke. He d. March 30, 1678, aged about 42. 'fJohn, b. Aug. 13, 1670 ; m. Ruth Eager. Mary, b. Oct. 7, 1672. Joseph, b. May 2, 1675. He moved to Brookfield. Thomas, b. Feb. 21, 1677; grad. H. C. 1700; and d. 1712, at the island of Jamaica. John Banister m. Ruth Eager, Nov. 11, 1695 ; he d. July 19, 1730, aged 60. He was a Lieut. She was dau. of William and Ruth (Hill) Eager; d. Dec, 25, 1767, in the 90th year of her age. \John, b. — 29, 1696 ; m. Nov. 26, 1723, Abigail Barker. Ruth, b. Feb. 25, 1699 ; d. May 1, 1699. Man/, b. April 18, 1700 ; m. Jan. 1, 1724, Ebenezer Taylor. Ruth, b. Aug. 18, 1702 ; m. Feb. 1, 1722, Thomas Rich. Jane, b. June 3, 1705 ; m. Dec. 20, 1725, Nathaniel Hudson. Htddah, b. Sept. 12, 1707; m. July 18, 1727, Elisha Maynard, of Shrewsbury. Martha, b. Nov. 23, I7I0 ; d. Sept. 10, 1741. Sarah, b. March 23, 1713; m. Nov. 23, 1733, Jonas Holland ; d. 1738. John Banister m. Nov. 26, 1723, Abigail Barker, of Andover. She d. Aug. 19, 1727, and he m. Nov. 27, 1729, Martha Hay ward. She d. Dec. 23, 1767, agfed 65. He d. Oct. 22, 1779, aged 83. Like his father, he was a Lieut. John, b. Dec. 31, 1724 ; d. Jan. 18, 1725. Theodore, b. Feb. 16, 1726 ; d. March 6, 1731. Abigail, b. Aug. 15, 1727 ; d. Aug. 7, 1755, unm. Martha, b. Nov. 18, 1730; d. Nov. 18, 1730. Many, b. May 9, 1733 ; d. Dec. 14, 1748. Zeruiah, b. Aug. 1, 1735 ; d. May 2, 1744. Ruth, b. July 28, 1737; m. Feb. 2, 1764, Nathan Park. Sarah, b. July 14, 1739; m. April 4, 1764, Moses Barnes. Mary_, b. Dec. 11, 1743. Sophia, b. Feb. 7, 1747 ; m. Aug. 13, 1763, Ivory Bigelow. BARBER. — Ephraim Barber was in the six months' service fi-om the town of Marl. 1775. He m. Oct. 11, 1781, Elizabeth Crosby, and had William, b. Sept. 26, 1782; m. 1803, Polly Manson. Jona than, b. Jan. 25, 1786 ; m. AprU 6, 1809, Achsah Howe. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 19, 1789; m. 1808, Nathaniel Hapgood. Ephraim Barber represented the town of Marl, in the General Court, 1810 and 18II. He d. Nov. 14, 1817, aged 70. 313 1- 2 2- 3 5 2-5- 5- 789 10 II1213 1415 5-11- 11-16 BARKER.— James Barker m. Oct. 13, 1790, Hatty Walkut, and had Betsey, b. 1791 ; Charlotte, b. 1793 ; William, b. Feb. 28, 1796. THE BARNARD FAMILY. Robert Barnard was early in Andover, where he had a family. Stephen, b. 1649 ; m. Rebecca Howe in I67I. 73. He had 4 sons. He d. in 1722, aged JVathaniel, b. ^Robert, b. May 29, 1689. 4 James, b. 6 Stephen, b. Robert Barnard m. in Andover, Sept. 14, 1710, Rebecca Osgood, b. 1692. She d. July 29, 1727, and he m. May 15, 1729, Elizabeth Bailey, of Lan. He d. May 13, 1773, aged 84 ; and she d. April 16, 1776, aged 80. In 1723, Jeremiah Barstow, who was then in Marl, and was a large landholder, sold for £600 to Robert Barnard, said in the deed to be of Andover, a large tract of land, described in perhaps a dozen differ ent lots, containing about 350 acres. These tracts, which appear to be adjoining, included the whole of the present village of Feltonville, on both sides of the river ; and were bounded easterly on the Indian line, and northerly by the Bush place and Lancaster (now Bolton) line, including the mill privilege, and the mill thereon, "together with the dwelling-house, and other housings, with the fencing, orcharding and gardens, belonging 'to said messuage, including the corn mill, with all accommodations and materials." It appears by this deed, that the mill erected before 1700, by Joseph Howe, Barstow's father-in-law, was then in full operation, and that there was a house, orchard and garden connected with it ; and Mr. Barstow is designated as a " miller." It/urther appears by the deed, that the neighborhood around was unsettled, as the tract is bounded on several sides by " common or undivided land." Robert Barnard probably came to Marlborough soon after this pur chase. He not only set up as a miller, but kept a public house. Martha, b. in Andover, ; d. Nov. 5, 1724. Rebecca, b. June 29, 1724 ; d. young. Rebecca, b. Sept. 10, 1725 ; d. Sept. 19, 1725. Elizabeth, b. June 3, 1730 ; m. Silas Bayley. \Joel, b. July 14, 1732 ; m. June 16, 1756, Lucy Stevens. Abigail, b. AprU 28, 1734 ; m. Samuel Nurse. \Solomon, b. Dec. 27, 1735 ; m. April 27, 1762, Mary Priest. Martha, b. April 26, 1740 ; m. Nov. 23, 1758, Noah Howe. John, b. May 19, 1743 ; he was a physician, and resided in Sterling, where he had a numerous family. Joel Barnard m. June 16, 1756, Lucy Stevens, dau. of Simon and Lucy (Gove) Stevens, b. Nov. 8, 1733. He d. Aug. 15, 1775, aged 43. She d. Jan. I, 1805, aged 72. He lived on the site where Col. Wood now resides, in Feltonville. Silas, b. Oct. 3, 1757 ; m. Phebe RusseU, of Cambridge, and settled as a physician at Andover, N. H., where he d. 1794. 314 17 1819 20 21 22 2324 5-13- 13-25 26 27 28 2930 11-22- 22-31 32 3334353637 38 William, b. Jan. 31, 1759 ; m. April 23, 1783, Anna Wheeler. About 1805, he moved to Dixfield, Me., and was drowned in the Andros coggin river, while rafting logs. Lavinia, b. June 22, 1761 ; m. 1783, Daniel Stevens, being his third wife. Man/, ? u UT oQ ttra S ™- Benj. Stevens, of Roxbury, d. a^ 60. Elizabeth, \ "• ^^'"¦- ¦^^' ^ '^•'^ ' ^ m. John Kendall, of Woburn, d. a; 90. Sleplien, b. Sept. 24, 1766; m. Nov. 27, 1796, Jane Guliker. He moved to the State of Maine. \Francis, b. Dec. 18, 1768 ; m. 1796, Martha Howe. Lucy, b. March 15, 1771 ; d. unm. May 27, 1853, aged 82. Ph^be, b. Au ' ^ j,,, ggpt, 3^ 17QQ, Caleb Brigbam. Zeruiah, b. Sept. 10, 1749; m. 1769, John Woods. Jonathan Barnes m. Rachel she d. Jan. 20, 1784. He d. Oct. 10, 1783, and \Silas, b. Jan. 21, 1735 ; m. May 26, 1755, Betty Bigelow. Elisha, b. Oct. 28, 1736 ; d. June 7, 1740. ^Fortunatus, b. Sept. 25, 1738 ; m. Persis Hosmer. Rachel, b. July 13, 1740 ; m. Jan. 27, 1763, John Warren, Jr. Liicy, b. July 7, J 742 ; m. Dec. 24, 1761, Joseph Hosmer. Dorothy, b. Dec. 18, 1747 ; m. Aug. 29, 1771, Solomon Bowker. Jonathan, b. Nov. 6, 1749. David, b. Sept. 2, I75I ; d. Jan. 28, 1756. William, b. March 21, 1753 ; m. May 22, 1773, Sarah Merriam. John Barnes m. Dec. 6, 1738, Elizabeth Cranston, dau. of Samuel and EUzabeth. She d. Aug. 25, 1749, and he m. Jan. 8, 1751, Ruth Rice, who d. July 1, 1752. He d. July 3, 1794. Moses, b. Dec. 14, 1740 ; m. 1704, Sarah Banister, dau. of John and Martha. Dolly, b. AprU 21, 1742. Aaron, b. July 28, 1744 ; m. Lucy Stevens, 1767. Lovell, b. Dec. 28, 1746 ; d. July 24, 1752. Francis, b. Nov. 25, 1748 ; m. Dec. 10, 1772, Persis HoUister. Frederick Barnes m. March 22, 1750, Mary Howe, dau. of Abraham and Rachel. He d. June 24, 1778. She d. March 25, 18I3, aged 87. Benjamm, b. Feb. 27, 1752; m. 1789, Sarah Woods. She d. 1812, aged 60. Asa, b. June 28, 1754 ; m. AprU 20, 1780, MatUda Woods, dau. of Alpheus Woods, and had Eben, b. Feb. 21, 1781, and perhaps other children. Lucy, b. Sept. 16, 1757 ; m. 1776, Obadiah Barce. David Barnes grad. at H. C. 1752, and was ordained at Scituate, Nov. 27, 1754. He m. 1756, Rachel Leonard, of Norton, and d. April 26, 1811, aged 80 years. He was highly distinguished as a, clergyman, and was honored with a degree of D. D. in 1783. Daniel Barnes m. Jan. 20, 1763, Martha Brigham, dau. of Joseph and Comfort (Bigelow) Brighane. John, b. Nov. 6, 1763 ; m. March 8, 1785, Sarah Howe, dau. of Abra ham and Lydia. Martha, b. May 9, 1766 ; m. Aug. 28, 1783, Fortunatus Brigham. Solomon Baenes m. May 2, 1764, Judith Hapgood, dau. of John and Abigail (Morse) Hapgood. She d. April 19, 1820, aged 77. He d. 1 830, aged 90 years. Katharine, b. July 27, 1765 ; m. Nov. 26, 1783, Ithamar Brigham. ] WiUiam, b. Sept. 3, 1766; m. 1788, Elizabeth Brigham. Samuel, b. 1772 ; d. Sept. 10, 1776. Daniel, b. Aug. 22, 1775 ; m. 1795, Louisa Howe. 41 318 13-28- 28-51 52 53 545556 57 13-30- 30-58 5961 16-37- 37-63 64656667 69 16-39- 23-48- 48-70 717273 74 75767778798081 28-57- 57-82 8384 Silas Barnes m. May 26, 1755, Betty Bigelow, dau. of Cornelius and Mary (Graves) Bigelow. He d. Jan 6, 1813. .She d. Sept. 3, 1801. Thomas, b. July 30, 1756. Elisha, b. Dec. 29, 1757 ; m. Aug. 9, 1782, Molly Weeks, and moved to Henniker, N. H. Betty, b. Dec. 16, 1759 ; m. April 3, 1777, Jonathan Ray. Paul, b. Oct. 10, 1761 ; m. Jan. 18, 1787, Abigail Brigham. Silas, b. Sept. 29, 1763 ; d. Jan. 6, 1783. Molly, b. Aug. 27, 1765; m. Joseph Arnold, Feb. 1, 1786. \Jacob, b. May 3, 1769 ; m. Hepzibeth Howe. Fortunatus Barnes m. Persis Hosmer, of Concord, Oct. 31, 1765, Daniel, b. Aug. 27, 1765; m. Aug. 1, 1792, Sophia Brigham. Ljdia, b. July 20, 1767. 60 Hannah, b. June 20, 1720. WUliam, b. AprU 5, 1773. 62 Persis, b. May 5, 1779. ' Moses Barnes m. April 4, 1704, Sarah Banister, dau. of John and Martha. He d. March 2, 1781. He was a captain in the Revolu tionary service. She d. Jan. 18, 1826, aged 86. j:Lovewell, b. Dec. 26, 1764 ; m. Rebecca Hager. ^Stephen, b. Nov. 22, 1766 ; m. Aug. 19, 1793, Betsey Park. Zeruiah, b. July 26, 1769; m. Dec. 9, 1795, Rev. Perley Howe, of Surry, N. H. Sarah, b. Dec. 7, 1772 ; m. Jabez Stow, 1792. Aaron, b. AprU 14, 1775. 68 Phebe, b. April 1, 1778. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 24, 1781 ; m. 1806, Joel Stow. Aaron Barnes m. 1767, Lucy Stevens, and had Lyman, b. Sept. 8, 1772. He d. June 18, 1773 ; drowned in the river. William Barnes m. Sept. 16, 1788, Elizabeth Brigham. He d. March 7, 1823, aged 57. She d. Nov. 28, 1830, aged 62. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 17, 1788 ; m. Oct. 22, 1841, Elisha Crosby, and d. Aug. 23, 1845. Samuel, b. AprU 20, 1790 ; d. June 2, 1816, aged 26. Winslow, b. AprU 12, 1792 ; m. Nancy Newton, 1817, and d. 1861. Solomon, b. April 16, 1794 ; m. AprU 17, 1822, Sarah Howe. John, b. June 17, 1796 ; m. 1836, Sarah Bush, and d. Sept. 10, 1855. Judith, b. Dec. 16, 1797 ; m. Eli Cunningham, March 24, 1819. Luaj, b. July 15, 1800 ; m. Nov. 4, 1819, James Howe, and d. Oct. 17, 1851. Lydia, b. Nov. 2, 1802. Catharine, b. Feb. 7, 1805 : m. May, 1835, Amasa Bishop. William, b. May 17, 1807; d. AprU 1, 1822. Emilia, b. Feb. 26, I8I0 ; m. Sept. 1856, James Howe. Charlotte, b. Jan. 4, 1813 ; m. Nov. 1843, Joseph Johnson, and d. 1856. Jacob Barnes m. Jan. 15, 1793, Hepzibeth Howe. She d. May 14, 1826, aged 52. WiUiam, b. Aug. 6, 1793 ; m. Jan. 20, 1816, Anna Potter. He d. Dec. 10, 1831. [?] Maria, Nov. 19, 1794 ; m. Dec. 23, 1818, Thomas H. Davis. ¦ Tileston B., b. Aug. 15, 1805 ; m. Mary Ann Proctor, and d. 1838 ; was killed by a load of wood running over him. 319 37-63- 63-85 86878889 90 91929394 959697 37-64 64-98 99 lOI 102103 105 Lovewell Barnes m. Oct. 17, 1786, Rebecca Eager, dau. of Uriah and Tryphosa Eager. She d. Jan. 23, 1830, and he m. April 13, I83I, Mrs. Lucretia Felton, wid. of SUas Pelton. He d. Aug. 4, 1831, aged 67. He was many years engaged in town business, and rose to the rank of Col. in the militia. Hepzibeth, b. Dec. 16, 1786 ; m. Sept. 3, 1809, John Bigelow. Moses, b. June 28, 1789 ; m. Dec. 3, I8I8, Hepzibeth Hapgood. Henry, b. Nov. 20, 1790 ; m. 1817, ; d. 1845, in Philadelphia. Aaron, b. Sept, 18, 1792 ; m. 1818, ; d. in Berlin, 1823. Rufus L., b. Aug. 7, 1794 ; resides in PhUadelphia. Sophia, b. Feb. 23, 1796 ; m. Oct. 10, 1825, Winthrop Arnold. ¦^'^' i b Tiilv 29 1798 • 5 ^- yo""g- Ira, S "• •'"^y "'"'' ^'•^'^ ' i d. 1858. Baxter, b. Nov. 26, 1800 ; m. in South. 1831 ; d. in Worcester, 1854. Diana, b. Jan. 13, 1803 ; d. July 17, 1829, aged 26. Lucy, b. Sept. 24, 1804 ; m. Oct. 29, 1823, Jackson Arnold. Merrick, b. Dec. 19, 1807 ; resides in Philadelphia, where he m. 1830. Mellen, b. Oct. 7, 1809 ; m. in Worcester, and resides in Boylston. Stephen Barnes m. Aug. 9, 1793, Betsey Park, of Grafton. d. April 5, 1827, aged 60. She d. in Lowell, March 28, 1839. He Eliza, b. Nov. 17, 1795. She united with the Methodists, became a public speaker, and traveled the country as u, religious teacher; also went a missionary among the Indians. Charles, b. Aug. 16, 1797. 100 James R., b. June 3, 1799. Mary Ann, b. Jan. 9, 1801. Charlotte, b. Dec. 1, 1802 ; m. Jan. 10, 1825, Lambert Howe. George, b. Sept. 23, 1804. 104 John B., b. Jan. 6, 1807. Abigail, b. March 6, 1809. 106 Sarah, b. July 30, 1812. John Barnes was in Marl, early, and m. 1664, Johanna. She d. Oct. 29, 1712, and he d. Sept. 8, 1715. I have not been able to trace his lineage with certainty. His will mentions William Barnes, of Haddam, Ct., and John Barnes, Jr., of Marl., as his " kinsmen." He probably had no children, as we find no record of any, and none are mentioned in his will. As he refers to the children of Thomas Barnes as his " kinsmen," he was probably a brother or cousin of Thomas. He also remembers the children of Supply Weeks, who m. a dau. of Thomas Barnes. John Barnes was a deacon, and probably one of the first deacons of the church of Marl. Having no children, his family became extinct. The family of Richard and of Thomas Barnes, as far as we can ascertain, were not connected. There was another family of Barneses in Marl, at one time, of which mention has been made elsewhere, on whose marriage and children the town records are silent. When he came to town, and from what place, we can learn nothing with cer tainty. I allude to Henry Barnes, the Loyalist. He was in town as early as 1753, and appears to have been a magistrate, and a man of business. He was a trader, and set up a distillery, for distilling cider. He is spoken of as an " impostor," and probably came to Marl, from some of the seaport towns. He was denounced as a tory. He entertained the spies sent out by General Gage in 1775, and left the place that year. He does not appear to have been connected with the Marl. Barneses. He is supposed to have left the country 320 1- 2346 7 1-3- 3- 9 10II1314 15 1617 1819 2021 3-16- 16-22 3-20- 20-24 26 282930 31 with the other Refugees, and to have died in England. He resided near " Spring Hill," at which place he was in trade, and he built the house known as the Cogswell place. His property was confiscated. BARSTOW.— Jeremiah Barstow m. Dec. 6, 1711, Sarah Howe, dau. of Joseph and Dorothy, and had Elizabeth, b. 1712; Dorothy, b. 1714 ; John, b. Jan. 30, 1716 ; Abigail, b. 1717 ; William, b. Aug. 17, 1719; Sarah, b. 1721 ; Susanna, b. 1723; Lydia, b. 1725; Jeremiah, b. July 5, 1727 ; Lucy, b. 1730. Jeremiah Barstow was a miller, and owned the mills and all the land now covered by the vUlage of Feltonville, and sold the same in 1723 to Robert Barnard. He probably left town soon after. THE BARTLETT FAMILY. The Bartletts were not among the earliest settlers in the town ; nor is their record full and satisfactory. Living on the borders of the town, they have probably their record in part in the towns set off from Marl. Henrt Bartlett m. Mary . Elizabeth, b. Feb. 27, 1686 ; m. Dec. 9, 1710, John Prentiss. jDaniel, b. April 10, 1691 ; m. Feb. 12, I7I7. Martha Howe. Mary, b. Oct. 20, 1693. 5 Henry, b. Oct. 22, 1696 ; d. 1699. &;.^.Aug.29,I70L Lydia, b. Aug. 17, 1704 ; d. Dec. 15, 1722. Daniel Bartlett m. Feb. 12, I7I7, Martha Howe, dau. of Elea zer and Hannah (Howe) Howe. He d. May, 1764. He bore the honorable title of Ensign. , Jotham, b. AprU 5, 1717; m. May 17, 1744, Miriam Howe. Sarah, b. June 30, 1718 ; m. June 30, 1759, Daniel Saunders. Daniel, b. Sept. 28, 1719. 12 Josepli, b. Nov. 24, 1720. Abigail, b. Oct. 30, I72I ; m. Aug. 25, 1756, Joseph Stratton. Abraham, b. Sept. 21, 1722; d. Feb. II, 1723. John, b. Nov. 25, 1724 ; m. Dec. 14, 1761, Mary Joiner, and perhaps d. 1764. ^Jonathan, b. Jan. 26, 1725 ; m. Mary . Isaac, b. March 6, 1726. mIIT' I b. March 12, 1728 ; \ , Mary, ^ ' ' J d. young. i Jonas, b. March 31, 1729 ; m. Elizabeth Mercy, b. May 31, 1730; m. June 13, 1765, George Oaks. Jonathan Bartlett m. Mary Adam, b. July 27, 1754. ~ 23 Zadock, b. April 10, 1756. Jonas Bartlett m. Elizabeth Elizabeth, b. Oct. 27, 1765. 25 Betty, b. June 6, 1768; d. young. tJona.s, b. Feb. 21, 1770. 27 Perley, b. Oct. 14, 1772. Joel, b. Aug. 15, 1776 ; m. Nov. 28, 1800, Sukey Howe. Polly, b. AprU 26, 1778. Cate, b. AprU 22, 1781 ; m. Aug. 30, 1797, Jonas Clisbee. Betsey, b. Feb. 13, 1783 ; m. June 26, 1799, Solomon B. Clisbee. 20-26- 26-32 1- 2 2- 3 5 6 7 2-3- - 89 101112 I- 2 3 1-2- 2- 321 Jonas Bartlett, Jr. m. Thankful ¦ Ashley, b. March 8, 1789. 33 Lydia, b. Nov. 24, 1791. THE BARRETT FAMILY. HuMPHREr Barrett came to Concord about 1640. He d. 1662, aged 70 ; his wife d. 1663, aged 73. They left Thomas, John, Hum phrey, and James ; and probably daughters. Shattuck tells us that Thomas was drowned in Concord river, James moved to Charlestown, and John to Marl. John Barrett m. 1662, Mary Pond. He d. July 22, I7II ; and she d. Oct. 2, of the same year. He was in Marl, at the incorpora tion of the town. He was one of those who met in 1675 to make preparation to defend themselves against the Indians in Philip's War, and was assigned with Samuel Stow and Samuel Rice to defend the house of Joseph Rice. \John, b. 1663 ; m. Deborah Howe. 4 Mary, b. 1666 ; d. young. Grace, b. June 18, 1669; m. June 27, 1688, Abiel Bush. Mary, b. AprU 24, 1672. Lydia, b. Sept. 5, 1674 ; m. AprU 18, 1699, Eleazer Tailor. John Barrett m. 1688, Deborah Howe, dau. of Abraham and Hannah (Ward) Howe. He d. Oct. 5, I7I5, aged ,52. She d. Nov. 4, 1743, aged 76. He was honored with the title of Ensign. Hannah, b. Jan. 20, 1690; d. Jan. 10, 1745, unm. Sarah, b. Nov. 28, 1692; m. April 10, 1710, Benjamin Whitney. Lydia, b. Aug. 23, 1694 ; d. Sept. 12, 1095. Thankful, b. July 16, 1697 ; m. April 20, 1715, Joseph Tainter. Benoni, b. Feb. 26, 1700 ; d. March 23, of the same year. This family appear to have become extinct in the male line in Marlborough. There was another family of Barretts, which is said to have come from Cambridge. Thomas Barrett ra. Lydia ¦ . His name appears upon the Marl. Records in 1660. He d. 1673. \Tliomas, b. 1688; m. Elizabeth Stow, of Concord. Hester, b. Sept. 1670. Thomas Barrett m. Nov. 4, 1701, EUzabeth Stow, of Concord. Elizabeth, b. July 29, 1703 ; m. Feb. 4, 1728, Zerubbabel Rice. Hepzibah, b. April 13, 1708 ; m. June 26, 1732, Eleazer Howe, Jr. Lydia, b. Jan. 3, 1712. 7 Sarah, b. Jan. 15, I7I5. John, b. Dec. 3, 1718 ; d. May 14, 1739. BAYLEY.— Benjamin Bayley m. 1710, Deborah Howe, dau. of Eleazer and Hannah, who d. March 17, 1718 ; and he m. Dec. 1718, Elizabeth Howe. Their children were Benjamin, b. Feb. 23, 1713 ; Barnabas, b. May 1, 1715, m. July 21, 1748, Elizabeth Stevens; Benoni, b. Dec. 15, 1717. 322 I- 2 2- 34567 2-6- 6- 9 1011 6-10- 10- 12 1314151617 18 19 10-13- JosHUA Batley m. Mercy, and had Isaac, b. March 27, 1769; Elijah, b. Sept. 15, 1772; Anna, h. Dec. 29, 1774; Lois, b. Aug. 28, 1776 ; Eunice, b. May II, 1778 ; James, b. March 4, 1780. THE BEAMAN FAMILY. Gamaliel Beaman came to New England in the Elizabeth Ann, and settled in Dorchester, 1635. He was but 12 years old, when he came to the country. By his wife Mary, he had several children. This name is often written Beamont in the early records. Thomas Beaman, perhaps the youngest of his family, was b. 1649. He m. about 1678, Elizabeth WiUiams, dau. of Abraham and Joanna (Ward) Williams, of Marl. His father-in-law made him an hen by giving him by will, " threescore and six acres of land." He lived near the Pond. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 4, 1679 ; d. Jan. 16, same year. Eleazer, b. June 6, 1083; m. March 2, 1726, Hannah Howe. Sarah, b. Dec. 13, 1685; m. Oct. 28, 1719, Jacob Amsden. ^Abraham, b. May 4, 1692 ; m. Mary Rice. Lydia, b. ; d. 1697. 8 Daniel, b. ; d. Oct. 27, 1722. Abraham Beaman m. March 16, 1725, Mary Rice, dau. of Caleb and Mary Rice. He d. Nov. 13, 1750 ; she d. May 18, 1790, aged 89. He was dignified with the prefix o( Lieut. Elizabetlt, b. Jan. 8, 1727; m. Jan. 30, 1752, Stephen Howe. \JVoah, b. May 19, 1730 ; m. Sept. 20, 1755, Lydia Howe. Mary, b. Dec. 1, 1734; m. March 29, 1768, Ithamar Brigham. Noah Beaman m. Lydia Howe. He died March 3, 1800; and she d. Nov. 5, 1806. She was dau. of Ephraim and Elizabeth (Rice) Howe. Lydia, b. April 9, 1756 ; m. Nov. 18, 1777, Josiah Parker. '¦fAbraham, b. Nov. 14, 1757 ; he was a soldier in the Revolution. ^Toah, b. AprU 7, 1759 ; m. Nov. 9, 1780, Elizabeth Jewel, of Stow, and d. 1800. Anna, b. March I, 1761 ; m. Nov. 2, 1786, Daniel Brigham. Aaron, b. Nov. 25, 1762 ; m. June 27, 1801, Hannah Pay. He was in the Revolutionary service in Rhode Island. Mary, b. Nov. 21, 1764; m. Aug. 25, 1783, John Loring. Samuel, b. Oct. 29, 1766 ; d. July 3, 1791. Elizabeth, b. AprU 30, 1769. Abraham Beaman m. Lydia Gates, I78I, and had Christian, b. Jan. 26, 1786. Here the record of the Beamans ceases. THE BELLOWS FAMILY. John Bellows, aged 12 years, came to this country in the Hope well, from London, in 1635. He was of Concord in 1645, where he m. May 9, 1655, Mary Wood, and moved to Marl., where he was 323 1- 234 56 1-2- 2- 78 9 10 II 1315 1-3- 3-16 17 1819 20212224 26 1-5- 5-28 29 30 31 32 33 5-28- 28-34 3638 39404142 residing at the incorporation of the town. He shared in the first division of the lands, both upland and meadow. He d. 1083, and she d. 1707. ]Isaac, b. Sept. 13, 1663 ; m. Elizabeth . \John, b. May 13, 1666 ; he was twice married. Tliomas, b. Nov. 7, 1668.- ^Eleazer, b. April 13, 1671 ; m. Esther . JVathaniel, b. AprU 15, 1676. Isaac Bellows m. Elizabeth He d. about 1746. Elizabeth, b. March 17, 1695; m. May 23, I7I5, Samuel Burton, Pram. Isaac, b. May 19, 1697 ; m. Sept. 14, 1725, Thankful Witherbee. Samuel, b. Nov. 20, 1699. James, b. Dec. 21, 1701 ; m. Jan. 18, 1727, Thankful WiUis. Bathsheba, b. Feb. 18, 1704. 12 Gideon, b. Aug. 12, 1706. Tabitlia, b. Nov. 9, 1709. 14 David, b. Sept. 20, I7I1. Jonathan, b. Dec. 7, 1713. John Bellows m. Hannah . She d. Dec. II, 1719, aged 46, and he m. Aug. 30, 1723, Sarah Johnson. He was assigned to John Newton's gairison in I7II. Hannah, b. May 12, 1695 ; Hepzibah, b. Dec. 5, 1696 ; John, b. Sept. 26, 1698 ; m, Eliza Cook, b. Feb. 12, 170 Many, b. Nov. 12, 1702 ; m. Mercy, b. March 28, 1705 ; Ithamar, b. July 25, 1708. Moses, b. June 9, 1713. Sarah, b. Aug. 15, 1724. d. young. m. Dec. 12, 1723, Edward Larkin. Dec. 5, 1721, Mary Wheeler, of Con. I ; m. June 30, 1727, Samuel Eddy. May 16, 1725, Richard Gleason. m. June 20, 1725, John Eddy. 23 Joseph, b. AprU 24, I7I1. 25 Martha, b. May 31, 1715. 27 Hannah, b. March 26, 1726. Eleazer Bellows m. Esther . He, like his brother John, was assigned to John Newton's garrison in 1711. ^Thomas, b. Sept. 30, 1693 ; m. Martha Maverick, 1716. Eleazer, b. Aug. 1, 1696. Daniel, b. June 1, 1699 ; d. Sept. 6, 1719. Abigail, b. May 27, 1701 ; m. Nov. 28, 1723, Jonathan Johnson. Jonathan, b. May 27, 1704. Lydia, b. Oct. 17, 1706; m. Aug. 20, 1724, Samuel Gibbs. Thomas Bellows m. May 27, 1716, Martha Maverick, of Fram ingham. About 1725, he left Marl., and went first to Framingham, and afterwards perhaps to Hopkinton. His first five children only were b. in Marl. 35 Margaret, b. Oct. 16, 1718. 37 Zeruiah, b. Jan. 15, 1723. Elias, b. May 12, 1717. Esther, b. Jan. 25, 1721. Martha, b. Dec. 26, 1724. Keziah, b. March 15, 1727, in Hopkinton. Thomas, b. Feb. 28, 1732, in South. Abigail, b. March 6, 1734, in South. Mavirek, b. 1735, in Hop. 43 James, 1736, in Hop. The Bellowses resided in the southerly part of the town, and hence were set off with Southborough, where a continuation of the family 324 1- 2 2- 3 5 89 2-8- -11 121315 -12- 12-17 18 record can undoubtedly be found. One of the descendants of this family moved to Walpole, N. H., and left his name upon the beautiful rapids on the Connecticut. Hence the name, " Bellows Palls." THE BENT FAMILY. John Bent, of Sudbury, came to this country from Southampton, Eng., in the Confidence, 1638. He was at that time 35 years of age, and had a family. He was one of the petitioners for Marl. He had by wife Martha, Robert, William, Peter, John, and Anne, born in England; and Joseph, b. 1641, Martha, and perhaps others, born in this country. His will, dated 1672, mentions wife Martha, sons Peter, John, and Joseph, and dau. Agnes Rice and Martha Howe. His oldest son, Peter, was made his Executor. He d. Sept. 27, 1672, and his wid. d. 1679. Agnes m. Edward Rice, and Martha m. 1663, Samuel Howe. Peter Bent b. in Eng., m. Elizabeth , of Cambridge. His will, dated Dec. 21, 1674, and proved 1678, mentions wife Elizabeth, sons Peter, John, and Zaccheus, and dau. Hopestill, Elizabeth, Martha, Agnes, and Patience. He speaks of Zaccheus as being " weak in body," and of a portion of his children, if not all, as being then minors. He, like his father, was one of the petitioners for the town ship of Marl. He came to Marl, soon after the incorporation of the town, and located himself upon a lot south of the Pond, where his descendants resided for several generations. He contracted in 1661 to build a bridge across Sudbury River, so as to afford a direct commu nication between the two towns, " for horse and man and laden carts to pass over." He was a large land-holder, and his real estate at the time of his death was valued at £431. He had a grant of land for building a mill on Stony Brook, which was probably the second mill built in the township. His inventory shows that he was a man for the times ; his appraisers finding among his effects I pair of pistols, holsters, and 3 swords. Elizabeth, b. 1658. 4 Agnes, b. Aug. 19, 1661. John, b. Jan. 8, 1663. 6 Zacclieits, b. . 7 Martha, b. • . jPeter, b. ; m. Feb. 27, 1705, Abigail Barnes. Patience, b. Aug. 28, 1670. 10 Hopestill, b. Jan. 17, 1672. The last two only are recorded in Marl. Peter Bent m. Feb. 27, 170,5, AbigaU Barnes, daughter of Richard and Deborah (Dix) Barnes. He d. March 3, 1717. Beulah, b. March 27, 1705. ]Peter, b. March 20, 1707; m. Mary . John, b. Sept. 24, 1708. li Abigail, b. Sept. I, 1710. Elizabeth, b. Sept. 5, 1712. 16 Jabez, b. Jan. 28, I7I6. Peter Bent m. Mary . He died March II, 1798, aged 91. She d. June 3, 1803. He was a prominent man in town, and repre sented his fellow-citizens in the General Court, and in the Provincial Congress, in the perilous days of the Revolution, when the people would naturally fall back upon their firmest and most reliable men. Peter, b. Oct. 22, 1733; d. Aug. 3, 1740. Sarah, b. June 21, 1735 ; m. AprU 13, 1784, Alpheus Woods, as his 2d wife. 325 Mary, b. AprU 18, 1737; m. Fay. Jabez, b. Feb. 28, 1739 ; d. Aug. 5, 1740. Patience, b. Feb. 13, 1741. Deborah, b. June 24, 1743; d. 1745. Anne, b. June 30, 1745; d. April 17, 1828, aged 85 years. Peter, b. Jan. 6, 1747 ; m. June 16, 1779, Anne Walker, and d. 1801. Jabez, b. Jan. 29, 1749 ; d. unm. May 26, 1817. He made a bequest of $100 to the West Parish in Marl., the income of which should be appropriated to a Lecture annually, designed for the improve ment of the young. Deborah, b. March 5, 1751 ; d. Feb. 20, 1755. Abigail, b. Jan. 29, 1754 ; m. Sept. 12, 1771, Benajah Brigham. The Record of the Bents is very imperfect. THE BENDER FAMILY. Peter Bender came to Marl, in 1764, to reside with Henry Barnes, a merchant of that town. On the 25th of February, 1767, he m. Abigail Brigham, dau. of Jotham and Abigail Brigham. She d. April 27, 1805, aged 60. He m. a 2d wife in Bolton, where he d., aged 87. Samuel, b. March 1, 1768; m. late in life a Miss Barnard, of Northb. John, b. Nov. 4, 1769. He served his time in Boston as a merchant, embarked for S. C. on business, and d. on the passage. Jotliam, b. Dec. 19, 1771 ; grad. H. C. 1796, studied law, and d. 1800. Louisa, b. April 15, 1774; m. Sept. 17, 1801, Isaiah L. Green. He was a resident of the Old Colony, was a man of distinction, and represented his District four years in Congress. Betsey, b. Sept. 10, 1776 ; m. Oct. 21, 1799, David Greenough, of Bos ton. She is living in Cambridge, in her 85th year. Their family are quite celebrated. The late Horatio Greenough, the distin guished sculptor, was their son, and Richard Saltonstall Greenough, a sculptor now in Paris, is another. One of their dau. m. Thomas B. Curtis, Esq., of Boston, and another Charles Huntington, Esq., also of Boston. Stephen, b. July 9, 1779 ; went to sea and d. abroad. Jacob, b. Sept. 23, 1781 ; took the name of Hastings, grad. at Yale Col., read law, and d. in New York State. Henry, b. May 31, 1784 ; he was a Lieut, in the army in the war of 1812, and d. about 1856. Abigail, b. May 18, 1787 ; m. Joseph Sawyer, Esq., a trader in Bolton. THE BIGELOW FAMILY. The Bigelows came to Marl, between 1690 and 1700, from Water- town. This family was early in the country, and may be traced to a remote period in England, even to the reign of Henry III., when the name was written Bagidey, and was derived from the place where they dwelt. Richard at that time was lord of Baguley>,.and his de scendants took the name of the place. In the reign of; Henry VII. Ralph de Baguley was lord of OUerton Hall, and d. 1540, leaving Randall and Nicholas. Randall d. 1556, and his sons, Philip and Robert, divided his estate. Robert died 1582, leaving Randall and John, both of whom moved to Suffolk. Randall d. 1626, leaving two sons, Francis and John. Francis d. 1657, and gave by will a portion of his property to his brother John, then in New England. 42 326 I- 2 3 456 1-5- 9 10 II1213151617 5-8- JoHN Bagdlet, or Bigelow, as the name is now written, was baptized in England, Teb. 16, 1617; he came to Watertown early, where he m. Oct. 30, 1642, Mary Warren, also b. in England. She d. Oct. 19, 1691, and he m. 1694, Sarah Bemis. He d. July 14, 1703, aged 86. He was the ancestor of the numerous famUies of Bigelows in New England. He had 12 children — 6 sons and 6 dau. The name is variously written in the Watertown records — BiguUi^ Biglo, and Biglow.John, b. Oct. 27, 1643. He settled in Hartford, Conn., where he m. Rebecca Butler. Jonathan, b. Dec. II, 1646. He also settled in Hartford, where he had a large number of descendants. Daniel, b. Dec. I, 1650. He m. Abiah Pratt, dau. of Thomas, of Framingham, where he finally settled. \Samuel, b. Oct. 28, 1653 ; m. Mary Plagg. Joshua, b. Nov. 5, 1655 ; m. Elizabeth Flagg. He was in King Philip's war, was wounded, and received a grant of land in Worcester. He was one of the grantees of Narraganset No. 2, (now Westminster,) to which place he removed with his son Eliezer in 1742, where he d. 1745, and where his descendants have been quite numerous. James, b. . He resided in Watertown, where he was thrice mar ried, and had James, John, Patience and Abraham. Samuel Biselow ra. June 3, 1674, Mary Plagg. He resided in Watertown, which he represented, 1708, '9, and '10. He was an inn- holder from , 1702 to I7I6. He had ten children, several of whom settled in Marl. ]John, b. May 9, 1675 ; m. Jerusha Garfield, r. Marl. Mary, b. Sept. 12, 1677 ; m. 1700, David Bruce, Marl. \Samuel, h. Sept. 18, 1679 ; was twice married, lived in Marl. Sarah, b. Oct. 1, 1681 ; m. Josiah Howe, Jr., Marl. ^Thomas, b. Oct. 24, 1683; m. Mary Livermore, lived in Marl. Martha, b. April 4, 1686. 14 Abigail, b. May 7, 1687. Hannah, b. ; m. May 24, 1711, Daniel Warren. Isaac, b. March 19, 1690 ; m. Mary Bond, moved to Conn. Deliverance, b. Sept. 22, 1695 ; m. 1715, John Stearns, of Lexington. 8-18 19 John Bigelow m. June 12, 1696, Jerusha Garfield, and settled in Marl. In 1705, being at Lancaster, at the garrison house of Mr. Thomas Sawyer, he was, with Mr. Sawyer and his son Elias, taken by the Indians, and conveyed to Canada. They obtained their release in the following manner. Both of them were ingenious mechanics- Sawyer a blacksmith, and Bigelow a carpenter. While at Montreal, they proposed to the French Governor, that in case he would procure their ransom, they would erect for him a saw-miU, there being none at that time in Canada. The offer was readily accepted ; they ful filled their engagement ; and after some delays, they were permitted to return to their friends. Mr. Bigelow, in token of his gratitude for his remarkable deliverance from captivity, called his daughter, born after his return, " Com/orf," and a second, "F-eedom," as expressive of the happiness and peace he then enjoyed, compared with what he suffered while a prisoner. He d. Sept. 8, 1769, aged 94 years, 4 mos. and 7 days. She d. Jan. 16, 1758. Jerusha, b. May 17, 1697; m. Dec. II, 1718, John MatUiews. ThanJtful, b. June 8, 1699 ; m. John Howe, Feb. 11, 1724. 327 20 21 2223 2425 262728 5-10- 10-29 3031 32 33 343536 37 5-12- 12-38 3940 4142 4344 8-25- 25-45 46 47 48 10-31- 31-49 51 12-38- 38-52 53 Joseph, b. Jan. 1 , 1703 ; m. Martha Brigham, 1725, lived in Shrewsbury. John, b. Oct. 28, 1704 ; m. Rebecca Howe, 1728, settled in Holden. ¦ Comfort, b. Sept. 23, 1707 ; m.,I728, Joseph Brigham. Freedom, b. Feb. 14, 1710 ; m. John Bowker, Westboro'. \GTs'hom, \ ^' ^°^' ^^' 1^^^ ' \ ra. Mary Howe. Jotham, b. Sept. 21, 1717 ; moved to GuUford, Conn. Benjamin, b. Oct. 17, 1720 ; ra. Levinah Thomas, lived in Shrews. Sarah, b. June 20, 1724 ; m. 1745, John Langdori. Samuel Bioelow m. 1705, Ruth Warren, of Watertown, who d. AprU, 1716, and he m. Dec. 16, I7I6, Mary Gleason, of Sherburne. He resided on the " Farm," in Marl. to Mary, b. Dec. 17, 1705 ; m. Dec. 10, 1727, Daniel Ward. Samuel, b. Oct. 16, 1707; m. 1729, Jedidah Hathjiyn, moved Shrewsbury. ^Cornelius, b. Nov. 24, 1710; m. Mary Graves. Jedediah, b. Feb. 8, 1714 ; m. Thomazine Hemmenway, r. Grafton. Ruth, b. and d. 1716. Jason, b. April II, 1718 ; m. Abigail Witt, and d. in Brookfield. Rutli, b. Dec. 30, 1719; ra. June 7, 1743, Daniel Hemmenway. Amariah, b. Sept. 14, 1722; m. Lydia, dau. of Thomas Brigham of Marl., and settled in Boylston. Martha, b. Oct. 21, 1724. Thomas Bigelow m. July, 1705, Mary Livermore, of Watertown. He probably came to the place about the time of his marriage, and like his brothers John and Samuel, located upon the " Alcocke Farm." In 1711, when protection against the Indians was important, and the families were assigned to different garrisons, the three Bigelow families were assigned to Joseph Morse's garrison. \Thomas, b. AprU 26, 1706 ; m. Elizabeth . Mary, b. Sept. 2, 1707; m. Goddard. Grace, b. Feb. 7, 1709 ; m. Joseph Hager. Uriah, b. July 15, 17II ; killed accidentally when young. Abralmm, b. March 5, 1713 ; lived in Weston. Isaac, b. June 30, 1716; d. 17.36. Jacob, b. Sept. 1. 1717; m. Dec. 4, 1738, Susanna Mead, r. Waltham. Gershom Bigelow m. Mary Howe, dau. of Thomas. He d. Jan. 3, I8I2, aged 97. She d. June 9, 1802, aged 84. \Timothy, b. Nov. 1, 1738 ; m. March 7, 1763, Miriam Howe. \Ivory, b. Oct. 7, 1741 ; m. Aug. 1.3, 1763, Sophia Banister. Mary, b. Oct. 10, 1746; m. May 19, 1762, John Weeks. Anna, b. April 27, 1749. Cornelius Bigelow m. Dec. 18, 1731, Mary Graves, of West. Cornelius, b. Dec. 30, 1732. 50 Man/, b. Jan. 23, 1734. Betsey, b. Aug. 12, 1735; m. May 20, 1755, Silas Barnes. Thomas Bigelow m. Elizabeth ¦ Shed. Jan. 1, 1770, aged 62. Elizabeth, b. May 14, 1731 ; d. June 28, 1731. Mehitabel, b. Aug. 15, 1733 ; m. June 13, 1758, Fortunatus Eager. 328 545657 5859 25-45- 45-60 6162 25-46- 46-63 6465 66 6768 69 70 7172 73 74 75 45-62- 62-76 77 78798081 828384 85 46-63- 63-87 88 89 90 9192 Betsey, b. Nov. 23, 1735. 55 Mary, b. March 21, 1739. Sarah, b. Nov. 12, 1741 ; m. Oct. 8, 176-, Bezaleel Howe. Thomas, b. Dec. 6, 1743 ; d. Sept. 11, 1748. Uriah, b. March 4, 1746 ; d. Aug. 8, 1748. Thankful, b. Jan. 17, 1749; m. April 22, 1767, Jonathan Weeks. Timothy Bigelow m. AprU 7, 1763, Miriam Howe, dau. of Joseph and Ruth. He d. Nov. 6, 1817, aged 78. She d. Nov. 14, 1825. David, b. Oct. 16, 1763; ra. 1793, Deborah Dean. Lydia, b. Jan. 13, 1766 ; m. Nov. 8, 1785, Moses Eames. \Ephraim, b. 1768 ; was twice married. Ivory Bigelow m. Aug. 13, 1763, Sophia Banister, dau. of John and AbigaU Banister. He d. Feb. 14, 1804, aged 63. He had the misfortune to lose three children in 1775, within eight days. She d. Aug. 13, 1830, aged 83. He was honored with title of Lieut. ] WiUiam, b. Jan. 8, 1764 ; m. Catharine Brigham. {Christopher Banister, b. June 20, 1765 ; m. Rhoda Gleason. Solomon, b. Dec. 2, 1766 ; d. Dec. 9, same year. j Gershom, b. March 22, 1768 ; was twice married. Martha, b. Nov. 22, 1769 ; d. Sept. 1, 1775. Abigail, b. Sept. 22, 1772 ; d. Aug. 23, 1775. John, b. March 2, 1774 ; d. Aug. 30, 1775. Sophia, b. June 7, 1777; m. June 21, 1798, John Lewis. Phebe, b. Jan. 7, 1778 ; d. unm. Mary, b. March 4, 1781 ; d. May 6, 1784. Anna, b. Aug. 8, 1783 ; d. unm. ilvonj, b. Jan. 1, 1785 ; m. Feb. 23, 1809, Sukey Rice. Benjamin, b. June 3, 1788 ; m. Mary , and d. 1829. Ephraim Bigelow m. March 8, 1798, Molly Arnold, who d. Sept. 9, 1806, and he m. 1808, Elizabeth Harrington. He d. Oct. 26, 1843, aged 75. She d. Feb. 4, 1847, aged 69. Patty, b. June 8, 1798; m. Jonah CoUens, of South., March 28, 1821. Betsey, b. April 12, 1800 ; m. Samuel Howe. Many, b. Aug. 12, 1801 ; m. Ashley Brigham, May 11, 1825. JVabby, b. Dec. 31, 1803; m. April 10, 1822, Augustus Reed. Waiiam, ) , . . i8n«;. S d. 1809. WUIard, I "' ^"S- ^' ^»"^ ' } m. Parmela Smith, of Hopkinton. WiUiam, b. Aug. 12, 1609; d. Sept. 11, 1843, unm. Lyman M., b. July 26, 181 1 ; m Weeks. Lydia, b. Feb. 6. 1813; d. Nov. II, 1817. Emetine, b. Julv 24, 1815 ; d. Nov. 3, 1817. Emerson, b. Nov. 21, 1817. William Bigelow m. May 14, 1786, Catharine Brigham, dau. of Antipas. He d. Dec. 30, 1807. She d. Feb. 23, 1831, aged 64. John, b. Oct. 25, 1786 ; m. Sept. 3, 1809, Hepzabeth Barnes, and d. 1824. Edward, b. Nov. 18, 1788 ; m Bartlett, r. in New York State. Asa, b. Jan. 19, 1791 ; m. Oct. 4, 1809, Lucy Hapgood, and d. 1829. AUgail, h. AprU 11, 1793; m. Dec. 31, 1808; Levi Howe. Jotham, b. March 14, 1795 ; went West. Artemas, b. Jan. 14, 1798 ; d. 1823. '<:-/¦/'' '.p/M'a-t'y/o'^^ 329 93 9495 96 46-64- 64 -97 98 99 100 101102103 104105106107108 46-66- 66-109 110 111112 113 114115 116 117118 119120 121 122 123 124 46-74- Levi, b. Dec. 14, 1799; m. Feb. 13, 1823, Martha B. Howe. Adeline, b. Feb. 1, 1802 ; m. Sept. 26, 1822, Ebenezer Witt. Luther, b. Nov. 1, 1805. William, b. Dec. 16, 1807 ; went to sea, and never returned. Christopher Banister Bigelow m. Rhoda Gleason, dau. of Joseph Gleason. He d. April 7, 1830, aged 65. She d. Aug. 7, 1850, aged 84. Betsey, b. Feb. 21, 1786 ; d. aged 17. Lucy, b. March 10, 1788 ; d. Nov. 27, 1850. Sarah, b. Feb. 12, 1791. Mary, b. July 26, 1794 ; d. May 3, 1816. Aaron, b. April 29, 1796; m. 1827, Alvira Hapgood, and d. J'eb. II, 1861. Sophia, b. AprU 2, 1798 ; m. Goddard. Francis, b. March 22, 1800 ; went West, and d. 1857. Persis, b. March 2, 1802 ; m. 1829, Ira Hapgood. Jod, b. March 24, 1804 ; went West. Abram, b. June 8, 1806 ; m. Sawyer, resides in Berlin. Ira, b. May 22, 1808 ; d. unm. 1840. Horace, b. Nov. 29, 1810 ; m. Sawyer, resides in Berlin. Gershom Bigelow m. Mary Howe, dau. of Abraham Howe, Jan. 22, 1787. She d. AprU 20, 1820, and he m. April 26, 1822, Eunice WUder, b. -Jan 13, 1790. He d. Oct. 27, 1847, aged 80. Lydia, b. Aug. 19, 1788; m. Sept. 14, 1807, Aaron Felton, d. 1840. Levi, b. Oct. 28, 1790 ; m. July 23, 1809, Nancy Ames, dau. of Dea. Moses Ames, and had 14 children. He was quite distinguished as a school teacher, filled various town offices, represented the town in the General Court, 1831, '33, '34, and '39, and was many years a magistrate. He d. April 3, 1859. Lucinda, b. Nov. 22, 1792 ; m. Sept. 15, 1811, Levi Rice. Lyman, b. April 25, 1795 ; m. April 15, 1819, Jane Brigham, dau. of Jedediah Brigham. He resided in Roxbury, where he d. 1842. Pcdty, b. April 13, 1797 ; m. Feb. 5, 1819, Thomas Howe, and d. 1853. Mary, b. Aug. 6, 1799; d. Feb. 8, 1818. Lambert, b. Nov. 1, 1801 ; m. Emela P. Dickinson, of Northfield. He was in trade many years, represented the town in the Legislature, and officiated as Town Clerk 22 years in succession. Lewis, b. Jan. 31, 1804; m. Aug. 1, 1827, Susanna W. Rice, and d. 1849. Louisa, b. Sept. 9, 1806 ; m. Sept. 16, 1824, Eber Howe. LM:as,b. Dec. 14, 1808; m. March 31, 1830, Mahala L. Stow, of Grafton. Lucy, b. Nov. 10, 1811 ; ra. 1831, Itharaar Stow, of MUlbury. Charles D., b. Feb. 17, 1823 ; m. May 14, 1848, Eunice Ann Howe. Gershom P., b. March 10, 1824 ; m. 1852, Mary Nichols, N. Y. John, b. Feb. 26, 1827 ; d. in New York, March 4, 1849. Mary A., b. Nov. 18, 1828 ; m. Yale Rice, of N. Brookfield. WaUer B., b. April 10, 1831 ; m. May 20, 1858, Abby A. Gibbon. Ivory Bigelow m. Feb. 23, 1809, Sukey Rice, dau. of Gershom. He d. Jan. 1847. They had Sophia, b. 1810; Elizabeth, b. 1812; Henry, b. Nov. 8, 1814 ; Susan R., b. 1816 ; Harriet, b. 1820; Charles, b. 1825. 330 46-75- 1- 2 34567 8 1-5- 5- 9 II 1-6- 6-13 14 15 Benjamin Bigelow m. Mary , and had Joseph T., b. 1812- Louisa, b. I8I5 ; Jlfari/, b. 1817 ; William D., b. 1819; Theophilus b. 1825, d. 1850 ; Alden B., b. 1827. BAINS.— William Bains m. Martha , and had WiUiam, b. Dec. 6, 1740 ; Lydia, b. June 4, 1742 ; Phillips, b. May 15, 1743 • B^eazer, b. Aug. 24, 1745. THE BOND FAMILY. William Bond, of Wat., m. Sarah Biscoe, and had David, b. 1690, who m. Hannah Cooledge, and had Abraham, b. 1726, who m. Dinah Forbes, and lived in Westborough. John Bond, one of their children, b. 1763, m. Feb. 16, 1792, Sarah Rice, dau. of Elisha and Eunice (WiUiams) Rice. They resided first in Northborough, and then in Marlborough. Their record is imper fect. He d. Aug. 17, 1822. Sarah, b. Aug. 13, 1794 ; m. 1822, Reuben Babcock, Jr., of North. Avei-y, b. Lucy M., b. Nov. 5, 1799 ; m. N. W. Chamberlain, and moved to Ohio. Lydia, b. June 2, 1801 ; m. 1828, Joseph L. Lecain. Mary, b. Oct. 29, 1803 ; m. Elbra Hemenway, of Framingham. Julia A., b. ; ra. Abraham Mahan, of North., 1827. John L., b. ; ra. Mary Adams, resides at Marl. Elislia R., b. ; Adaline Rice, resides at Marl. THE BOWKER FAJVIILY. John Bowker was early in Marlborough. He was perhaps son of Edward, of Dorchester. He ra. Feb. 8, 1678, Mary Howe, dau. of Abraham and Hannah (Ward) Howe. She d. Sept. 29, 1723 ; and he d. Aug. 27, 1721, aged 70. This name is said to be of Swedish ori gin, and is often spelt Bouker. John, b. Sept. 1679 ; m. and had John, who m. Freedom Bigelow, and resided in Shrewsbury. i^«'-"^ i b. March 6, 1685; \ '"' N"^' ^0' 1^04, John Forbush. Mary, ^ ' ' ( m. Gates. fAsa, b. Nov. 22, 1691 ; m. Feb. 28, 1718, Martha Eager. \Ezekiel, b. Nov. 5, 1693 ; m. June 24, 1733, Abigail Rice. Hannah, b. Sept. 21, 1699 ; m. Dec. 6, 1721, Gershom Howe. Raclvel, b. Sept. 9, 1702 ; d. unm. 1754. She gave by will a Silver Tankard to the Church in Marl, worth £12. Asa Bowker m. Martha Eager, dau. of Abraham and Lydia (Woods) Eager, b. Aug. 15, 1693. Hezekiah, b. June 25, 1718. Mary, b. Feb. 27, 1723. 10 Martha, b. June 21, 1722. 12 Charles, b. Aug. 17, 1725. Ezekiel Bowker m. Jan. 24, 1733, Abigail Rice. He d. Nov. 24, 1744, aged 51. Mary, b. Oct. 13, 1733 ; d. young. Abigail, b. Aug. 30, 1734 ; m. July 27, 1758, SUas Wheeler. Manj, b. Jan. 27, 1737. 16 Anna, bap. Aug. 10, 1737. 331 1-2- 1-5- 5- 67 8 9 10II12 13 5-11- II-I4 15 161718 There were others of the name of Bowker, in Marl., but their record is so imperfect, that I cannot trace them. Solomon Bowker ra. AprU 21, 1770, Mary Weeks. She d. Feb. 11, 1771, and he m. Aug. 29, 1771, Dorothy Barnes. They had Jona- tlian, b. Aug. 9, 1774 ; Abraliam M., b. April 29, 1778 ; Dorcas, b. July 21, 1780 ; Betsey, b. Nov. 5, 1782. THE BOYD FAMILY. The ancestor of the Boyds of Marlborough, we are informed, was John Boyd, who came to this country about 1636, and settled in Boston, where he ra. Ann Glenn, of Scotch descent. She came to this country as a teacher, and located in Boston, near Beacon St. ; she also gave instruction in spinning and weaving linen, and in other branches of art or industry. She d. in the latter part of the century ; but we have no record of the death of either of thein, or the birth of but one of their children. ^Alexander, m. Lucy Forbes. Thomas, d. in Virginia, and left a family. James, d. at sea. \ WUliam, b. 1735; is the ancestor of the famUy in Marlborough. Alexander Boyd came to Marl, to dwell with Samuel Brigham, Esq., about 1754. He m, Oct. 1, 1760, Lucy Forbes, and had Anna, b. Dec. 27, 1761, m. 1784, Solomon Hunter; Elizabeth, b. Feb. 1764, m. 1787, Aaron Eames ; and perhaps other children. Lucy, his wife, d. 1766, aged 23. He d. in Vermont. William Botd m. July 8, 1766, Lydia Morse, dau. of Jonas and Lucy Morse. He came to Marl, when he was about 12 years of age, and was adopted by a Mr. Stratton, and afterward inherited his estate. He served in the war of the Revolution. He d. Aug. 5, 1817, aged 82. She d. Jan. 24, I8I7, aged 72. William, b. May 11, 1767 ; d. Sept. 27, 1772. Lydia, b. June 18, 1770 ; m. Aug 'i7, 1791, Jedediah Brigham. Lucy, b. 'Oct. 7, 1772 ; m. Nov. 24, 1795, Elisha Rice. William, b. Dec. 8, 1774 ; d. 1776. Thomas, b. Dec. II, 1776 ; d. 1777. \John, b. AprU 22, 1778; m. Oct. 4, 1804, Sophia Phelps. Lavina, b. Aug. 27, 1780 ; m. June 12, 1805, Erastus Sumner, son of Rev. Dr. Sumner, of Shrewsbury, and resides on the old parsonage in that town. Anna, b. Dec. 10, 1782 ; ra. July 9, 1809, James Woods. John Boyd m. Sophia Phelps, dau. of Roger Phelps. He d. May 8, 1856, aged 78. She d. Oct. 30, 1854, aged 69. William, b. Dec. 3, 1804 ; unm. Andrew, b. July 26, 1806; m. March, 1835, Asenath Hitchcock, and d. 1846. James, b. Sept. 29, 1808 ; m. Jan. 1, 1839, Ann Hitchcock. She d. Oct. 15, I84I. Joseph, b. Dec. 26, 1810 ; m. AprU 20, 1847, M. E. Bridge. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 25, 1812; ra. 1840, Josiah Bennett. 332 Samuel, b. June 3, 1815 ; m. May 14, 1845, A. P. Brigham. Lydia, b. May 30, 1818 ; d. Sept. 6, 1842, aged 24. John M., b. May 21, 1820 ; m. Sept. 20, 1846, Elizabeth Tainter. Benjamin, b. Sept. 3, 1822 ; lives at Dubuque, Iowa ; unm. Sophia, b. Sept. 17, 1824. Thomas, b. Nov. 22, 1825 ; m. 1852, Martha Fales. Roger, b. Dec. 5, 1827 ; m. May, 1856, Harriet A. Pelton. The Boyds are extensively engaged in the boot and shoe manufac ture, and have done much to build up the village. BRADISH. — James Bradish m. June 16, 1708, Damaris Rice, and had Hepzibah, b. 1709 ; Sarah, b. 1711 ; Robert, b. 1712 ; Mary, b. 1715; James, b. 1717. THE BRECK FAMILY. Rev. Robert Breck was son of Capt. John Breck, of Dorchester. He was b. Dec. 7, 1682, grad. at H. C. 1700, and was settled at Marl. Oct. 25, 1704, when he was but 22 years of age. He was a learned and valuable minister, and stood deservedly high in his pro fession, as we have shown in the body of this work. He. m. Sept. 8, 1707, Elizabeth Wainwright, of HaverhUI. He d. Jan. C, 1731, in the 49th year of his age, and the 27th year of his ministry, greatly lamented by his people. He was not only distinguished himself, but was distinguished in his family. Elizabeth, wid. of Mr. Breck, d. June 8, 1736. Elizabeth, b. Sept. 23, 1709 ; m. Dec. 22, 1725, Abraham WUliams, a leading and prominent citizen of Marl. Sarah, b. Oct. 10, 1711 ; m. Jan. 20, 1728, Benjamin Gott, a physi cian of Marl., and d. April 11, 1740. Robert, b. July 25, 1713 ; grad. H. Coll. 1730. He devoted himself to the ministry, was settled in Springfield, and d. 1784. He was distinguished in his profession, and highly respected by his people. Hannah, b. Feb. 10, 1716 ; m. Rev. Ebenezer Parkman, of Westboro', and was the mother of a family, quite distinguished and respectable, being the maternal ancestor of the Drs. Parkman, of Boston. Samuel, b. May 17, 1723. He grad. H. C. 1741 ; was a surgeon in the army during the French war. He m. at Springfield, where he d. 1764. Anna, b. March 13, 1725 ; d. Nov. 24, 1726. THE BRIGHAM FAMILY. The Brighams were not among the very first settlers of Marl., though they came to the place quite early, and became a numerous family, extending over almost the whole of the original township. Thomas Brigham, the ancestor of the Brighams in New England, embarked at London for America, AprU 18, 1635, in the ship'Siisan and EUyn, Edward Payne, master. He was then 32 years of age, and consequently was b. in 1603. He settled in Watertown, near Cambridge >line, on land which was afterward set to Cambridge. He was made freeman in 1639, and vvas selectman in 1640, and subse- 333 quently. He m. about 1637, Mercy Hurd, b. in England. He d. Dec. 18, 1653, and she m. 1655, Edmund Rice, then of Sud., but afterwards of Marl. He d. and she m. as her 3d husband, WiUiam Hunt of Marh, who d. 1667, and she d. 1693. Mary, b. probably in Watertown. ]Thomas, b. 1641 ; m. Mary Rice, dau. of Henry Rice. 'fJohn, b. March 9, 1645 ; he was thrice married. Hannah, b. March 9, 1650 ; m. Samuel WeUs, of Conn. \Samuel, b. Jan. 12, 1652 ; m. Elizabeth Howe. Thomas Brigham ra. Mary Rice, dau. of Henry and Elizabeth (Moore) Rice. She d. and he m. Mrs. Susanna Morse of Watertown. He d. Nov. 25, 171 7, aged 76. He came into Marl, with his mother, who m. Edmund Rice, and on arriving at age, he purchased a town right, settled in the south-west part of the town, on what is now called the " Warren Brigham farm," and on the south road to North borough. The house which he buUt after King Philip's war, is stUl standing; and even the chair in which he expired, is in the neighbor hood, in the possession of one of his descendants, Mrs. Lewis Ames. He was a prominent man in the town. Tlwmas, b. Feb. 24, 1666. \JVathan, b. June 17, 1671. 9 David, b. AprU II, 1673 ; d. young. \ Jonathan, b. Feb. 22, 1674 ; m. Mary Fay. David, b. April 12, 1678 ; resided in Westboro', near the Reform School. \Gershom, b. Feb. 23, 1680; d. Jan. 3, 1749. Elnathan, b. March 7, 1683 ; m. Bethiah Ward, moved to Conn. Mary, b. Oct. 26, 1687 ; m. Jonas Houghton, Lancaster. John Brigham m. 1st Sarah who was the mother of his chil dren; she d. about 1698 ; and he m. 2d Deborah , who d. Feb. 7, 1716 ; and he m. 3d Sarah Bowker, May 22, 1717, whom he probably survived. He. d. Sept. 16, 1728, aged 84 years. Dr. Brigham, as he is frequently designated, seems to have been a man of character, and of more than ordinary education for that day. He commenced busi ness for himself by erecting a saw-miU near the site of one now owned by Haynes & Bush, on Howard Brook, near the centre of Northborough. Here he lived in a small cabin for several years, remote from any other white man's habitation, tending his saw-miU ; until the fear of the savages induced him to flee to a place of safety. On leaving Northboro', he probably went to Cambridge, and after the war, he located himself in Sudbury, where he was a selectman and a representative. He is said to have spent his last days with his daugh ter in Northboro'. Sarah, b. March 27, 1674 ; m. Goodnow. Man/, b. May 6, 1678 ; m. Gershom Pay and resided in Northboro'. According to a reliable tradition, she and Miss Goodnow went one morning, after the men had dispersed to their work, into the field to gather herbs. Here they saw a body of Indians rushing from a thicket towards them, and they fled for the garrison. Miss Good now, being lame, was soon overtaken, seized, dragged into the woods, and barbarously murdered, where her mangled remains were found and interred. Mrs. Pay succeeded in reaching the garrison, and fastening the door before she was overtaken. Here she found one soldier, who with her help soon discharged all the muskets left by 43 334 17 1819 20 21 1-0- 6-22 2324252627282930 31 3-8- 8-32 333435 36 37 38 39 3-10- 10-40 4142 43 444540 47 48 49 the men, when she devoted her dexterity to loading, and he his skill to firing, till the alarm drew their men, and the ruthless enemy fled. John, b. Nov. 1680 ; ra. Martha , and resided in ^ud. Hannah, b. March 27, 1683 ; m. Oliver Ward, of Sud. Thomas, b. May 6, 1687 ; m. Elizabeth Bowker, settled in Sud. Marcy, m. March 23, 1715, Ebenezer Perry. Samuel, m. Abigail Moore, Aug. 23, 1716. The descendants of John Brigham did not settle in Marl. Samuel Brigham m. Elizabeth Howe. He d. July, 1713, and she d. July 26, 1739, aged 79. He resided about a mile and a quarter east of the old Meeting-house Common, near where Daniel Brigham now resides, where he erected a tannery, occupied by his descendants to this day. He was a large landholder. Elizabeth, b. March 24, 1685 ; m. Oct. 16, 1711, Samuel Robinson. Hepsibah, b. Jan. 25, 1686 ; m. 1719, John Maynard. \Samuel, b. Jan. 25, 1689 ; ra. Abigail Moore. Lydia, b. March 6, I69I ; m. May 5, 1711, Jonathan Howe. \Jedediah, b. June 8, 1693 ; m. Bethiah Howe. \Jotham, b. Dec. 23, 1695 ; d. Nov. 23, 1759. \Timothy, b. Oct. 10, 1698 ; m. Martha Johnson. \Charles, b. Dec. 30, 1700; m. Mary Peters. Perses, b. July 10, 1703. Antipas, b. Oct. 16, 1706 ; d. AprU 23, 1746, unm. Nathan Brigham ra. Elizabeth Howe, who d. March 29, 1733, aged 69 ; found d. kneeling beside her chair in her house. He m. 2d, Me- hetabel Parke. He d. Feb. 16, 1647, aged 76 years. He was a Cap tain, and filled many town offices. JVathan, b. Nov. 28, 1693 ; ra. Dinah Rice. When Southboro' was erected into a town, he fell within its borders, where his descendants were highly respectable. A grandson of his. Col. Ephraim, b. Oct. 9, 1771, r. near Gates's Pond in Marl., and had a family. \Thomas, b. Feb. 22, 1695; ra. Sarah Stratton. Tabitha, b. Aug. 20, 1698 ; d. Feb. 6, 1731, unm. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 4, 1700; m. AprU 25, 1722, John Stow. Sarah, b. Dec. 14, 1701 ; probably m. Uriah Hager. Zipporah, b. Sept. 14, 1704 ; m. John Warren. Hannah, b. March 10, 1706 ; m. Jabez Rice. \Ephraim, b. Jan. 20, 1708 ; m. Hannah Willard, of Grafton. Jonathan Brigham m. March 26, 1696, Mary Fay, dau. of John and Mary. Tradition says, that while at work in the woods, he dis covered an Indian lurking near him ; he seized his gun, took delib erate aim and fired — the Indian firing at the same instant. The Indian fell, mortally wounded, but Brigham escaped unhurt. Keziah, b. 1097; m. Dec. 19, 1718, EUas Keyes. Zeruiah, b. Oct. 9, 1698 ; m. March 16, 1724, Ebenezer Bragg. Many, b. Oct. 27, 1700. Ruth, b. AprU 30, 1704 ; m. Feb. 20, 1726, Joseph Howe. Tlmnkful, b. Feb. 4, 1706 ; d. Sept. 23, 1706. ^Jonathan, b. March 14, 1707 ; m. Damaris Rice, and d. 1768. Thankful, b. AprU 21, 1709 ; d. at South, unm., 1796, aged 86. Jesse, b. July 10, 1710 ; m. Bethiah Rice, and d. 1796 ; r. Westboro'. j/oei, b. Oct. 2, 1714 ; m. Mary Church. James, b. Oct. 7, 1717 ; m. Hannah Rice, and settled at Brookfield. 335 3-12- 12-50 5152 .5354 6-24- 24-55 5657596061 62 6-26- 26-63 6465 66 69 6-27- 27-70 71 72 73 7475 76 77 78 6-28- 6-29- Gershom Brigham m. Mehetabel . He was a physician and a land surveyor. He d. Jan. 3, 1749. Martha, b. Oct. 6, 1704 ; m. Joseph Bigelow. ^Joseph, b. April 21, 1706 ; m. Comfort Bigelow. AbigaU, b. Nov. 25, 1708 ; ra. John Snow. Gershom, b. Nov. 4, 1712 ; m. Mary , and resides in West. \Benjamin, b. Feb. 19, 1715 ; m. Hannah . Samuel Brigham m. Aug. 23, 1716, Abigail Moore, who d. Nov. 20, 1731. He was living in 1747. He was one of forty persons who, in 1727, purchased Grafton of the Indians. He resided in the south part of Marl., and was a prominent man in the town. Samuel, b. 1717, and d. same year. SybUlah, b. Oct. 15, 1718; m. Zachariah Maynard, at Sud. Jilary, b. AprU 13, 1720. 58 Abigail, b. Dec. 10, 1721. jSamuel, b. March 3,1723 ; m. Ist, EUzabeth Ward, and 2d, Ann Gott. Phinehas, b. Dec. 18, 1725 ; d. Aug. 23, 1736. \Uiiah, b. Sept. 10, 1727; m. Sarah Gott. tGeo?-g-e, b. March 17, 1730; m. Mary Bragg. Jedediah Brigham m. May 18, 1720, Bethiah Howe, dau. of Joseph and Dorothy, who d. June 23, 1756. He d. May 21, 1763. He settled on the homestead, and carried on the tannery. He owned lands in Princeton, Bolton, and Lancaster. Dorothy, b. March 2, 1721 ; m. Thomas Howe, at Sud. ';Solomon, b. May 25, 1723; ra. Aug. 1, 1754, Martha Boyd. Frauds, b. Aug. 13, 1725 ; m. Phebe Wood, and moved to New Marl. Lucy, b. 1727 ; m. Bailey. 67 Bethiah, b. 1729, d. 1745. Steplien, b. 1732 ; m. Betsey Weeks. He resided in Princeton. j Winslow, b. Aug. 30, 1736; d. Aug. 6. 1794. who d. March 24, 1768. Ho d. Jotham Brigham m. Abigail ¦ Nov. 23, 1759, aged 64. Betty, b. Nov. 15, 1719 ; m. 1742, Jonathan Stratton. f Abraham, b. Feb. 25, I72I ; m. Phebe Martin. Edmund, b. Nov. 15, 1724. Oliver, b. Sept. 4, 1727 ; m. Aug. 9, 1757, Ruth Ward. \Asa, b. Nov. 9, 1729 ; m. Elizabeth Warren. Persis, b. Jan. 2, 1734. AbigaU, b. July 9, 1737; d. Sept. 11, 1740. \ Antipas, b. May 25, 1740 ; m. Catharine Woods. Abigail, h. April 22, 1745. Timothy Brigham ra. Martha Johnson, who d. 1757, and he m. Mrs. Sarah (Prentice) Smith, dau. of Rev. Mr. Prentice, of Lancaster. He resided in that part of Marl, which now constitutes South. He was a distinguished man in the town, being 24 years treasurer, and an equal number of years selectman. He was probably an officer in the French war, and rose to the rank of Col. in the Militia. Charles Brigham m. Mary Peters, of R. I. He moved to Graf ton, where he became one of their most prominent citizens. He was a magistrate, and represented the town in fhe General Court. WU liam Brigham, Esq., of Boston, a lawyer of eminence, is a descendant of this family. 336 8-33- 33-79 80 81 8283848586 87 8-39- 10-45- 45-89 9091 10-48- 48-93 949596 97 98 99 12-51- 51-rlOO 101 Thomas Brigham m. Jan. 25, 1720, Sarah Stiatton, who d. 1775. He. d. May 25, 1765. He resided in the southwest part of the town, where his house is still standing, near that of Mr. Alden Brigham. Aaron, b. March 17, 1720 ; ra. Elizabeth Brown, r. in Grafton. Lnjdia, b. March 14, 1722 ; m. Amariah Bigelow, April 14, 1747. Ezekiel, b. Feb. 14, 1724 ; was twice ra. Settled in Grafton. Elisha, b. Nov. 25, 1726 ; ra. Sarah . Settled in Grafton. jithamar, b. Oct. 6, 1729 ; was twice married. Sarah, b. March 12, 1732; d. 1765, unm. Thomas, b. AprU 23, 1734 ; d. 1740. fPaul, b. March 26, 1737 ; ra. Elizabeth Rice. Ephraim, b. 1739 ; d. 1740. 88 Abner, b. 1742: d. 1746. Ephraim Brigham ra. April 15, 1720, Hannah Willard, of Grafton. He resided near the Pond, where Mr. Joel Gleason now resides. He had two children who d. young. He bore the title of Capt., a desig nation which at that day implied that he was one of the substantial men of the town. In 1771 he bequeathed to the town £133, to be placed in the care of the selectraen, for the time being. The pro ceeds of £22 to be paid to the minister for preaching in person or by proxy, an annual Lecture to promote the present and future improve ment of the young ; and the income of the remainder to be expended in supporting a school in the middle of the town, and distinct from the District Schools, for the benefit of all the chUdren in the town. From this bequest has arisen what has been familiarly known as the " Brig ham Lecture," and the " Brigham School." Jonathan Brigham m. April 3, 1733, Damaris Rice. He d. Jan. 4, 1768. He was a surveyor. ^JVoah, b. Nov. 24, 1734 ; ra. July 5, 1758, Miriam AUen. Mary, b. April 25 , ra. 1763, Jacob Switcher. Matthias, b. April 20, 1742. 92 Damaris, b. AprU 15, 1745. Joel Brigham m. March 17, 1741, Mary Church. He was select man in 1763 and 1773. He kept a public house in Marl, fifty years. He had a family of 7 children in Marl, and moved to N. Y. William, b. March 20, 1742 ; ra. Sept. 4, 1764, Betty Stratton. Zeruiah, b. June 10, 1745 ; d. 1746. Zeruiah, b. July 5, 1747 ; m. 1764, Adam Maynard. Joel, b. April 5, 1751 ; m. Jan. 2, 1776, Caty Howe, and had Mary, b. 1776; Mary, b. 1778 ; Charles, b. 1779; and Susanna, b. 1780- all d. young. He was commissary in the army. ^Jonathan, b. Oct. 29, 1754 ; ra. Jan. 5, 1779, Lydia Stevens. John, b. April 16, 1758 ; m. July 20, 1780, AbigaU Williams. Samuel, b. Dec. 3, 1760. Joseph Brigham m. Aug. 26, 1728, Comfort Bigelow, dau. of John Bigelow, who previous to the birth of this dau. was taken by the In dians, and carried into captivity ; and after his return he named his first daughter " Freedom," and his second " Comfort." She d. 1755, and he ra. 1751, Ruth Ward, wid. of Elisha Ward. She d. 1786 ; and he d. July 29, 1786. He was a prominent man in Marl, and had a famUy of 1 1 chUdren. Mehetabel, b. July 14, 1729; m, 1749, Samuel Jones. Sarah, b. May 13, 1731 ; ra. 1755, Benjamin Tainter. 337 102 103 104105106107108109 110 12-54- 54-111 112 113114 115 116117 24-59- 59- 119 120 121122 24-61- 61-123 124 125 126127 128 Lavina, b. July 10, 1733 ; ra. 1757, Thaddeus Howe. Joseph, b. June 14, 1735; d. July 17, 1742. Comfort, b. July 29, 1737 ; d. July 17, 1742. Martha, b. Sept. 9, 1739 ; ra. July 20, 1763, Daniel Barnes, Jr. Stephen, b. Oct. 15, 1741 ; ra. 1764, Jemima Snow, r. at Boylston. j Joseph, b. Sept. 27, 1743 ; m. March II, 1766, Lydia Barnes. Comfort, b. Aug. 26, 1745 ; m. March 14, 1770, Daniel Stevens. Jonah, b. Nov. 19, 1747; ra. 1771, Sarah Walker. He d. Dec. 1827, without issue. Lucy, b. Aug. 19, 1752 ; in. Samuel Stratton ? Benjamin Brigham ra. Hannah ¦ Benjamin, b. March 11, 1742; grad. H. C. 1764. Settled as a clergy- raan at Fitzwilliam, N. H. ; d. 1799. jCaleb, b. Nov. 20, 1743 ; ra. Hannah Barnes. Benajah, b. March 15, 1746 ; m. AbigaU Bent. Hannah, b. May I, 1748 ; m. June 21, 1769, Hezekiah Maynard. Gersliom, b. June 27, 1750 ; m. Sarah AUen, r. at North. Wairen, b. Nov. 16, 1753; m. Lucy Marble, and d. 1840 without issue. She d. Nov. 21, 1758, aged 90. Lydia, b. Feb. 28, 1758. 118 Levina, b. Sept. 2, 1760. Samuel Brigham m. Nov. 24, 1747, Elizabeth Woods, who d. without issue, and he m. Jan. 9, 1752, Anna Gott, dau. of Benjamin Gott. He d. 1756, aged 33, and his wid. m. Capt. Maynard, of West boro', and d. July 6, 1799. Samuel Brigham was a physician. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 11, 1752. Ann, b. Oct. 29, 1753; m. May 21, 1772, Isaac Davis, of North., and had 4 sons. Phinehas, Isaac, Joseph, and John, who has reflected great honor upon the State and Nation, by filling, with distin guished ability, the offices of Governor of the Commonwealth, and Senator of the United States. Susanna, b. April 12, 17.55; m. Oct. 4, 1770, Elisha Hudson. Samuel, b. Aug. 23, 1756, after the death of his father. He entered Dartmouth College before the breaking out of the Revolution. But the calls of patriotism induced him to join the standard of Washing ton, which he did in 1777, in the character of paymaster, and was present at the execution of Major Andre. He returned to College and grad. in 1779, studied medicine with Dr. Stephen Ball, of Northboro', and commenced practice in Shrewsbury, now Boylston. Owing to a casualty, he was forced in a great degree to abandon ' his profession. He was a magistrate for many years. He m. Mary Ball, sister to his medical preceptor. Uriah Brigham m. 1750, Sarah B. Gott. He lived in the south part of Marl, in the style of the English gentry, receiving the visits of the elite far and near ; he kept an open house, and showed a hospi tality without raeasure or stint. He had 11 children. \John Gott, b. Feb. 8, 1751 ; ra. Mary Collins. Henni, b. Oct. 26, 1752 ; m. Anna Phillips. Sarak, b. June 22, 1755 ; m. March 14, 1782, Dr. Nathaniel Gott, of Wenham, settled at Guildhall, Vt, removed to Cooperstown, N. Y. Uriah, b. July II, 1757 ; m. Elizabeth Fay, r. at Bakersfield, Vt. Abigail, b. Dec. 31, 1759 ; m. David Wait, r. at Sterling. Persis, b. AprU 7, 1762; m. Alexander Watson, r. Frankfort, N. Y. 338 129 130131132 133 24-62- 62-134 135136 137 138139140141 142 143 144 145146147148 149 26-64- 64-150 151152 153154 155 26-69- 69-156 1.57 158 159160161162 Edward, b. June 13, 1764 ; m. Beulah Hawes, r. Petersham, d. 1826. JVathaniel, b. Aug. 17, 1766 ; d. young. Robert, b. Dec. 14, 1769; d. young. Anne, b. Aug. 16, 1773; m. Charles Safford, r. Lancaster, d. without issue. Robert Breck, b. June 2, 1776; d. unm. George Brigham m. Mary Bragg, dau. of Ebenezer Bragg, of Shrewsbury, and d. Feb. 4, 1822. He resided first in Marl, and then moved to South. They had 16 children, 6 of whom they buried in 1771, and 2 in 1775. Phinehas, b. May 25, 1755; d. July 3, same year. George, b. July 22, 17,56; d. Aug. 26, 1782. Pliinelias, b. Oct. 7, 1757; m. Susanna Howe, of Hopkinton, r. South. Timothy, b. Feb. 11, 1759 ; d. 1804, unm. Lovice, b. Sept. 27, 1760; d. Sept. 18, 1771. Ashbel, b. March 3, 1762; d. Sept. 22, 1771. Many, b. Dec. 18, 1763; d. Aug. 27, 1771. Thankful, b. May 7, 1765 ; ra. Capt. Daniel Brigham. Zeruiah, b. AprU 6, 1767; d. Sept. II, 1771. Samuel, b. Jan. 27, 1769 ; d. Sept. 1, 1771. Stephen, b. Jan. 7, 1771 ; d. March 3, I77I. jAshbel S., b. March 2, 1772 ; ra. Persis Brigham. Mary L., b. May 6, 1773 ; d. Sept. 2, 1775. Stephen, b. Aug. 8, 1774 ; d. Sept. II, 1775. Frances, b. Dec. 24, 1776 ; m. Nathan Brigham. William, b. April 2, 1779 ; m. Mary Graves ; was mortally wounded at the battle of Tippecanoe, and d. Dec. 8, 1811, without issue. Solomon Brigham m. Aug. 1, 1754, Martha Boyd. She d. and he m. 2d, Sally , who d. Jan. 14, 1797. He d. Feb. 1, 1807, in his 84th year. He settled near FeltonvUle, where Charles, his grandson, now resides. jLovewell, b. Dec. I, 1754 ; ra. Betty Rice. Bethiah, b. July 31, 1756 ; d. unra. at the advanced age of 92. Charles, b. Aug. 20, 1758 ; d. young. Timothy, b. Nov. 22, 1760; d. Nov. 15, 1811, unm. Artemas, b. Jan. 24, 1763 ; d. young. \Ivonj, b. April 20, 1765 ; m. Sally Wilkins. Winslow Brigham m. July 29, 1760, Elizabeth Harrington, dau. of Daniel and Mary Harrington. She d. Oct. 25, 1815, aged 78. He d. Aug. 29, 1791. He resided on the old homestead, and carried on the tannery. He was one of the most popular and influential men of his day among his fellow townsmen, filling the office of town clerk thirteen years, being often elected selectman, and representing the town in the General Court several years. \Daniel, b. Dec. 25, 1760 ; m. Thankful Brigham. \Aaron, b. Nov. 22, 1762 ; m. Elizabeth Barnes. Jedediah, b. Jan. 5, 1765 ; d. Sept. 3, 1766. \ Jedediah, b. Sept. 15, 1766 ; m. Lydia Boyd. Elizabeth, b. March 5, 1769; m. Dea. William Barnes. Amariah, b. May 31, 1771 ; d. 1798, in Conn., unm. John Winslow, b. Jan. 10, 1774 ; d. 1826, at Norfolk, Va., m. Hannah Lewis, had several children, all of whom d. in their minority. 339 163 164165 27-71- 71-166 167168169 27-74- 74-170 171172173 27-77- 77-174 176 177 33-83- 83-178 179 180181183183184 33-86- 86-185 186 187188189190 191 192193 Artemas, b. May 13, 1776 ; m. 1798, Lydia Brigham. Lucy, b. June 28, 1779 ; m. Dea. Eli Rice. Lydia, b. Jan. 7, 1782 ; d. Aug. 7, 1784. Abraham Brigham m. 1752, Phebe Martin. He d. Nov. 10, 1788, aged 68. She d. Jan. 17, 1806, aged 78. Lucy, b. Oct. 30, 1753 ; m. Nov. 7, 1771, David Wyman, r. Marble- head. ^Fortunatus, b, Sept. 29, 1759; m. Martha Barnes. Anna, b. March 1, 1763 ; ra. Sarauel Barnes, r. Warwick. Gardner, b. AprU 30, 1766 ; d. Dec. 29, 1779. Asa Brigham m. Elizabeth Warren, dau. of John and Zipporah, b. March 31, 1734. He d. Nov. 18, 1806, aged 77. She d. Aug. 15, 1807. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 18, 1754 ; m. Francis Stevens. jLewis, b. March 24, 1756 ; m. Mary Rice, dau. of Benjamin. \Jotliam, b. Noy. 18, 1761 ; m. Lucy Thompson. Hastings, b. March 9, 1764 ; d. at Marl. Aug. 28, 1805, unm. Antipas Brigham ra. Catharine Woods, dau. of Benjamin and Elizabeth. He d. June 20, 1791, aged 51. Catharine, b. Feb. 10, 1767. 175 AKgaU, b. May 22, 1768. Sabrina, h. Dec. 22, 1770; m. Aug. 1, 1792, Daniel Rice. Lucretia, b. Oct. 12, 1773. Ithamar Brigham m. Sept. 13, 1753, Ruth Ward, who d. May 29, 1756, and he ra. March 29, 1758, Mary Beaman, b. December 1, 1734, and d. May 20, 1813, his wid. aged 78. He was selectman ten years, and bore the honorable title of Capt. He lived, and d. 1784, where Mr. Alden Brigham now resides. Ruth, b. Sept. 17, 1756 ; d. Sept. 20, 1797. \Ithamar, b. Nov. 7, 1758; m. Catharine Barnes. Daniel, b. Nov. 15, 1760 ; moved to Maine, and d. about 1805. SUas, b. Oct. 21, 1763 ; ra. Persis Stow, r. Southboro'. Abner, b. May 20, 1766 ; d. July 5, 1766. \Abncr, b. Dec. 21, 1768 ; m. Dorothy Wood, dau. of Peter Wood. Abralmm, b. Nov. 14, 1771 ; d. unm. Paul Brigham m. Aug. 9, 1757, Eliza Rice. He was a Capt. the Militia. He d. June 4, 1777. She d. June 3, 1785. Persis, b. March 17, 1760 ; d. June 17, 1760. Paid, b. June 17, 1761 ; m. Fanny Brigham. He was a soldier of the Revolution. In 1803 moved to St. Albans, Vt., where he d. Samuel, b. Sept. 14, 1762 ; m. Asenath BaUey, r. at Berlin. Miriam, b. Jan. 9, 1764 ; d. Jan. 10, 1776. Tlwmas, b. Dec. 25, 1765; m. May 6, 1799, Azubah Babcock, r. Berlin. Aaron, b. Feb. 7, 1768; d. 1771. Sarah, b. Oct. 16, 1769; d. 1771. Pierpont, b. Nov. 22, 1772; d. 1775. Eli, b. Oct. 16, 1773 ; d. 1775. 340 45- 89- 89-194 196 197 198 48- 93- 93-199 200 202 48- 97- 97-203 205 207 209 51-107- 107-211 54-112- 112-213 214 215 216 217 218 61-123- 123-219 220 02-145- 145-221 222223224225 226 64-150- 150-227 228229 Noah Brigham m. 1st, July 5, 1758, Miriam Allen, and 2d, May 19, 1771, Martha Tomblin. He d. Feb. 3, 1805, aged 77. She d. May 27, 1813. Damaris, b. April 24, 1759. 195 Anne, b. June 25, 1761. Matthias Rice, b. Jan. 4, 1765; m. Sept. 15, 1791, Anna Gleason. Lydia, b. Oct. 28, 1767; ra. Oct. 12, 1797, Jaraes Wright. Jiiiriam, b. Oct. 30, 1772; m. April 17, 1792, Simeon Cunningham. William Brigham m. Sept. 4, 1764, Betty Stratton. Lydia, b. May 27, 1765 ; m. Nov. 3, 1785, Moses Eames. Betty, b. Feb. 9, 1767. 201 WUliam, b. Dec. 27, 1769 ; d. young. WiUiam, b. June 12, 1772. Jonathan Brigham m. Jan. 5, 1779, Lydia Stevens, dau. of Samuel and Lucy, b. May 8, 1758. About 1795, they moved to the State of New York, where he d. 1848. Stephen, b. Aug. 24, 1780. Haven, b. May 23, 1785. Lydia, b. Dec. 30, 1789. William, b. Sept. 23, 1793. 204 Susanna, b. Feb. 12, 1783. 206 Windsor, b. Oct. 1, 1787. 208 Jonathan, b. Oct. 13, 1791. 210 Edmund, b. 1796. Joseph Brigham m. March 11, 1766, Lydia Barnes. Lydia, b. Aug. 16, 1766. 212 Lucy, b. Dec. 31, 1771. Caleb Brigham ra. Sept. 3, 1766, Hannah Barnes, dau. of Daniel and Zeruiah. He d. Sept. 13, 1829, aged 86. Hannah, b. April 17, 1767 ; ra. Esquire Gates, of New Marlborough. Dorothy, b. Aug. 27, 1770; d. unm. i Willard, b. Oct. 7, 1772; ra. Betsey Russell. Francis, b. Aug. 25, 1776 ; d. 1796, a student in Harvard College. \Caleb, b. Dec. 26, 1778 ; ra. Martha Brigham. David, b. March 8, 1781 ; m. Betsey Trowbridge, moved to N. Y. John Gott Brigham ra. Mary CoUens. He d. April 30, I8I6, aged 65. Hepzibah, b. Oct. 30, 1794. John Gott, b. Aug. 2, 1796 ; m. Jan. 9, 1821, Lucy Howe, r. Con. Ashbel S. Brigham m. Persis Brigham, dau. of Elijah, of South. Ashbel, b. July I, 1800 ; m. Lydia H. Russell. Vamum, b. July 8, 1802 ; ra. Mary D. Bigelow, and d. 1848. JVahum, b. June 24, 1804 ; d. 1808. Clmrles, b. Sept. 26, 1806 ; m. Jane Day. George, b. AprU 10, 1811 ; ra. Abby Mallard. Mary, b. March 12, 1815 ; ra. Jonathan Jenks. Lovewell Brigham m. Jan. 9, 1791, Betty Rice. He d. April, 1824. His wid. is still living at SaxonvUle. Sally, b. Feb. 22, 1791 ; m. John Pierce, resides at Jafi"rey, N. H. JVahby, b. Dec. 27, 1792 ; m. Nathan FuUer, resides at Saxonville. Miriam, b. June 17, 1794 ; m. Elnathan Polly, r. at Waltham. 341 230231 232 233 234235236 64-155- 155-237 ¦ 238239240241 242243 69-156- 156-244 245246247248249250251 252 253 254 255 256 9-157- 157-257 258 259260 261 Artemas, b. April 27, 1796; m. Mary Arnold, and d. 1839. Sophia, b. Nov. 3, 1797 ; d. May 7, 1802, from a casualty. Pally, b. Oct. 29, 1799 ; m. 1st, Stillman Gary, 2d, Safford. Lydia, b. Aug. 28, 1801 ; m. Dexter Bigelow, r. at Ashland. Stephen, b. March 13, 1804 ; d. May 28, 1806, from a scald. Eliza, b. May 13, 1807 ; m. John Works, r. at Ashland. Salome, Ivory Brigham m. Feb. 19, 1800, Sally WUkins, dau. of Edward WUkins. He d. June 4, 1853, aged 83. Betsey, b. Aug. 26, 1800; m. Phinehas Haskell. Edward, b. June 26, 1802 ; d. July 31, 1803. William, b. May 20, 1804 ; ra. Harriet Randall, and d. 1839. Solomon, b. Nov. 9, 1 806 ; m. Lucy Ball, and d. Jan. 6, 1843. Francis, b. April 3, 1811 ; d. 1813. Francis, b. April 12, 1813 ; m. Jan. 5, 1835, Sophia Gleason. Charles, b. Dec. II, 1815; m. Sarah Barrett. Capt. Francis Brighara resides at Feltonvdle, where he is exten sively engaged in the shoe manufacture, employing some three hun dred hands. He has represented the town in the Legislature. He is now living with his 3d wife. Daniel Brigham ra. Aug. 29, 1782, Thankful Brighara, dau. of George and Mary Brigham. He d. Oct. II, 1818, aged 57. She d. Dec. 14, 1824. Capt. Daniel, like his father, filled every office in the gift of the town. He was selectman eighteen years, treasurer eleven years, town clerk twenty years, and for a long period represented the town in the General Court. Mary, b. Jan. 12, 1783 ; m. April 10, 1803, Capt. John Stevens. George, b. Oct. 19, 1784; ra. June II, I8I0, Betsey Morse. She d. and he m. 2d, Margaret Shattuck ; resides at Groton. Daniel, Capt., b. Aug. 7, 1786 ; m. May 27, I8I0, Nancy Gates. Dexter, also b. Aug. 7, 1786 ; d. unm. 1838, at Seneca Palls, N. Y. Elizabeth, b. Oct. 1, 1788 ; m. June 10, ISI2, Abraham Gates ; m. 2d, Sept. 13, 1831, Dea. Stephen R. Phelps. Thankful, b. Feb. 15, 1791 ; m. Dec. 9, 1813, Rufus Stow. William, b, Aug. 3, 1793 ; m. April 3, 1816, Sophia Sawyer, r. Dracut. WinslotD, b. May 29, 1795 ; ra. July 27, 1817, Elizabeth Larkin. Amariah, b. July 23, 1797 ; d. unm. 1826, at Bermuda. lYeeman, b. May 4, 1800 ; m. Harriet Gilson, r. Cambridge. Charlotte, b. June I, 1802 ; ra. May 19, 1725, Capt. Thaddeus Howe. Harriet, b. Dec. 4, 1804 ; m. Jan. 1, 1826, Jabez S. Witherbee. Laura Ann, b. March l7, 1807 ; m. Jesse Perry, r. Shrewsbury. Aaron Brigham m. Sept. 2.3, 1785, Elizabeth R. Barnes, dau. of Col. Edward Barnes. He was for many years assessor, selectman, &c., and a Capt. in the mUitia. He d. March 23, 1831, aged 68. Lydia, b. Feb. 5, 1786 ; ra. Oct. 2, 1808, Windsor Howe, r. Lowell. Sarah, b. Dec. 9, 1787 ; d. July 4, 1791. Betty, b. Aug. 12, 1789; ra. March 23, 1809, Jonathan Rice. Sally, b. March 25, 1792 ; m. Capt. Abraham Howe, r. Lowell. Aaron, Col., b. March 20, 1798; m. Jan. 9, 1821, Sally Pay. 44 342 69-159- 159-262 263264265 266267268269270 271 71-167- 167-272 273274 275276277278 279280 281 74-171- 171-282 283284285 286 Jedediah Brigham m. Lydia Boyd, dau. of WiUiam Boyd. He was often employed in public affairs, represented the town, and rose to the rank of Major. She d. April 28, 1824. Betsey W., b. Nov. 28, 1791 ; m. June 1, 1813, Samuel Warren. Lrydia, b. Oct. 28, 1793; m. May 8, 1816, Lyman Morse. Lmy, b. May 2, 1796 ; m. Dec. 28, 1819, Timothy Patch, r. Stow. Jane, b. April 23, 1798 ; m. Lyman Bigelow, r. Boxboro'. Hannah L., b. Oct. 3, 1802 ; m. May 8, 1823, George Peters. Ashley, b. Oct. 9, 1804 ; m. May 11, 1825, Mary Bigelow. Jedediah, b. Aug. II, 1800 ; d. in Marl. unra. Joel, b. Dec. 16, 1808; ra. Lydia Dickenson. William Pitt, b. Aug. 30, 1811 ; m. Lucinda Baker. Augusta, b. March 16, 1814; m. John W. Stevens. Fortunatus Brigham m. Aug. 28, 1783, Martha Barnes, dau. of Daniel and Martha. Polly, b. Nov. 3, 1783 ; m, Phebe, b. July 4, 1785 ; m. Abraham, b. July 11, 1788 JVancy, b. June 29, 1791 ; Samuel, b. AprU 24, 1794 ; Samuel, b. Sept. 20, 1796 ; Martin, b. Aug. 25, 1799 ; Lincoln, b. May 13, 1 803 ; Leonard, b. Oct. 8, 1806 ; Martha, b. Aug. 20, 1809; , Moses Brigham, r. Binghamton, N. Y. George Chase, r. at North. ; ra. Betsey Wright, r. at North. m. Joel Brigham. d. Dec. 13, 1795. m. Mary Newton, r. Binghamton, N. Y. ra. Mary Barnes, r. Palmer. ra. 1822, Susan A. Maynard. ra. Eliza Bremer, r. Worcester. m. Moses W. Maynard. Lewis Brigham ra. Sept. 18, 1786, Mary Rice, dau. of Benjamin and Susanna Rice. She d. suddenly, June 15, 1797, aged 30. He d. Feb. 22, 1803. Asa, h. Aug. 31, 1788; m. Rebecca Babcock, at Framingham. Bereft of his mother at the age of nine years, and of his father at the age of fourteen, he was apprenticed to a trade, and set up business for himself at Lunenburg, where he rose to the rank of Major in the militia. Having the misfortune to be burnt out, he was induced to remove to Louisiana, in 1816. Subsequently he went to Texas, to which place he moved his family in 1831. In the war which en sued between Texas and Mexico, he took an active part, and served as commissary to the army. He was one of the signers of the Declaration of Texan Independence, and afterwards became Treas urer of the Republic ; an office which he held up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1844. A Texan paper, at that period, pays this just tribute to his memory. " Pew men of such un- imposing bearing, and modest, unpretending demeanor, ever filled a larger share of public confidence than the subject of this notice. Holding the keys of the Treasury of the Republic, almost from its commencement, we presume no man can be found who would dare to question his integrity. As a private citizen, in all the relations of friend, neighbor, relative, husband and father, his life was beyond reproach." He had a family of three children, the youngest of which, Benjamin, was slain in the battle of St. Jacinto, on his 2Ist birth-day. Sukey, b. April 12, 1790 ; m. Stephen Howe, Jan. 29, 1809. Sally, b. June 5, 1792 ; ra. Rufus Bruce. Mary, b. Aug. 16, 1794 ; ra. Araory Howe, r. New York. AbigaU, b. Aug. 2, 1796 ; ra. Weeks Allen, r. Amherst. 343 74-172- 172-287 288 289290 291292293294 83-179- 179-295 296297 298 299 300 301 83-183- 183-302 303 304 305306 307 308309 112-215- 215-310 312 313314 315 316317318 112-217- 217-319 320 Jotham Brigham m. Dec. 1, 1784, Lucy Thompson, of Sudbury. He d. March 26, 1810. Betsey, b. July 30, 1785 ; m. James Mallard, r. Lancaster. Lucy, b. Jan. 15, 1787; ra. Edward Barnes. Otis, b. Oct. 8, 1788 ; m. Lucy Stratton. Henry, b. May 3, 1790 ; ra. Mary Hobart, r. Abington. John, b. Aug. 1, 1792 ; m. Ruth Winslow, r. Abington. Hastings, b. Aug. 4, 1794 ; m. 1821, Nancy Spear. Sophia, b. July II, 1796; m. 1817, Mark Fay. Clmrles L., b. Oct. 14, 1800 ; m. Roanna V. Atkins, r. Dorchester. Ithamar Brigham m. Nov. 26, 1783, Catharine Barnes, dau. of Solomon and Judith Barnes. She d. AprU 13, 1804, and he d. March 12, 1836. Levi, b. May 1, 1784 ; moved to Raymond, Me. Aaron, b. Dec. 29, 1785; ra. 1808, Comfort Valentine; he was for many years a merchant in Boston, now r. in Lexington. Moses, b. July 22, 1788; m. Susan Posgate, of Berlin. Jonas, b. Aug. 29, 1790, became an officer in the U. S. Army in the war of I8I2, and d. Feb. 9, 1822, in New York. Eli, b. July 18, 1794 ; ra. 1819, Lydia Howe. Abel, b. Feb. 13, 1797 ; m. 1st, Mary Bigelow, 2d, Sally H. Pelton. Judith, b. Oct. 5, 1799 ; m. Joel Bullard, r. Berlin. Abner Brigham m. Dorothy Wood, daughter of Peter Wood, Esq., of Mari. He d. Nov. 4, 1828. She d. July 6, 1854, aged 87. Loring, b. March 19, 1795. Alden, b. May 4, 1797 ; d. Sept. 7, 1797. Abner, b. June 21, 1798 ; m. Lucinda Maybee, r. Yarmouth, C. W. JVancy, b. July 15, 1800 ; ra. 1st, O'SuUivan, 2d, Walter Pelch. Adolphus, b. Dec. 4, 1802; ra. 1st, Eliza Ann Parker, 2d, Rebecca Knowlton. He practiced raedicine at Shrewsbury, and d. April 3, 1858. Louisa, b. March 31, 1805; ra. Elijah B. Witherbee, r. Flint, Mich. Alden, ?¦ i\t„,„l io i an'7 . S "i- L^"''^ J^^g^i^™- Austin, l^' ^"'"^ 1^' ^^O'^' id. unm. aged 22 years. Willard Brigham m. Betsey Russell, dau. of Oliver RusseU. He d. Aug. 28, 1835. Harriet, b Oct. 3, 1802. 311 Mary, b. Oct. 1, 1804. Levi, b. Oct. 14, 1806; grad. Williams Coll. Studied theology at Andover, is settled as a clergyman at Saugus. He m. Mary Fay. George, b. Oct. 12, 1808 ; m. Mary Ann Hapgood, r. in N. H. Hannah, b. Jan. 18, 181! ; m. Otis Brown. WUIard, b. May 4, 1813; grad. Wras. Coll. Studied divinity at An dover, r. at Ashfield. Pastor of the church there. Aaron, b. AprU 7, 1817 ; m. Salinda Stratton. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 1, 1820 : m. Jonathan Randall. Caleb Brigham m. Martha Brigham, dau. of WUliam. He d. Aug. 17, 1842. She d. AprU 20, 1860, aged 78. Martha C, b. Oct. 31, 1803 ; m. Matthias Rice, r. Fitchburg. Laura, b. July 1, 1805 ; d. young. 321 344 Francis Dana, b. April 19, 1808 ; m. 1831, Sarah Pope, dau. of Hon. Stephen Pope. He is a trader at Feltonville. By patient industry and careful attention to his business, he has accumulated a hand some property, and has recently erected one of the most desirable dwelling-houses in the village. It is constructed and finished in the best style, and contains all the modern improvements. Hard and soft water of any temperature, can be conveyed to any apartment, thereby furnishing convenience for washing and bathing. The house is pleasantly situated, and is an ornament to the place. The following is a view of the mansion. 322323324 325 C7iarZes, b. May 3, 1811. Laura Ann, b. April 20, 1813; m. Alden Brigham. Austin P., b. April 4, 1815; d. Sept. 4, 1818. Sophia, b. July I, 1817 ; d. Sept. 5, 1818. There is another branch of the Brighara family, which, though it has not always remained in Marl., may with propriety be mentioned, as several members returned to the town. Nathan Brigham, (No. 32 in this series,) son of Nathan and Elizabeth (Howe) Brigham, had in Southborough by his second wife, Elizabeth Snow, a son WUliam, b. April 8, 1735. 'This William Brigham m. Sept. 4, 17,59, Rebecca Ball. She d. Dec. 14, 1768, and he m. 2d, Lydia Chamberlain. He and his second wife both d. of the small pox in 1793. There is some uncertainty in this family, as only a portion of his children, or supposed children, are recorded upon the Marl, records. He is supposed to have come into Marl, soon after his second marriage. He resided a little south of the Pond, where Joel Gleason now resides. William, b. Feb. 27, 1761 ; m. Sarah Baker, r. Southboro'. Rebecca, b. Feb. 1, 1763; m JeweU, r. St. Albans, Vt. Peter, b. Dec. 27, 1764 ; m. Bent, r. Westboro'. AbigaU, b. March 4, 1766. 6 Hollis, b. Dec. 4, 1768, d. same day. \Ephraim, b. Oct. 9, 1771, (by second wife.) 345 Hollis, b. March 14, 1773 ; d. June 8, 1837, unm. Willard, b. June 18, 1775; ni. Abigail Munroe, r. at Rindge, N. H. Lydia, b. Dec. 29, 1776 ; m. Artemas Brigham. Polly, h. Jan. 30, 1779 ; m. Willard Howe. Patty, b. March 22, 1782 ; m. Caleb Brigham. Sophia, b. June 12, 1784 ; m. Hon. Jed. Loomis, r. Montpelier, Vt. Dana, b. June 8, 1787 ; d. of lockjaw, unm. Ephraim Brigham ra. Nov. 4, 1795, Lucy Rice, dau. of Peter and Levina Rice, b. Dec. 21, 1774. She d. Feb. 20, 1814, and he ra. March 15, 1815, Mary Hubbard, of Leicester. He resided in Marl., on the place now occupied by Mr. Joel Gleason. He afterwards moved to Wayland, where he d. . His widow is now residing in Saxonville. He was a mUitary man, and rose to the rank of Colonel. WUliam C, b. Aug. 7, 1795; m. 1817, Lydia Rice, r. Wardsboro', Vt. Matthias, b. Nov. 29, 1796; m. Caroline Grossman; d. 1854, in Ohio. Lucy, b. March II, 1798 ; m. 1st, Luther Howe, 2d, James Howe. Epiraim,b. Oct. 21, 1799; m. Dec. 6, 1821, Sophia Howe, r.Medway. Harriet, b. March 14, 1801 ; m. Merrick Phelps. Sidney, b. Dec. 28, 1802; m. Eliza B. Stevens ; d. 1840, in Ga. Elijah, b. Nov. 17, 1804 ; m. Mary Locker, r. Boston. Peter, b. Sept. 18, 1806 ; ra. Lydia Maynard, r. Cambridge. Lydia, b. June 2, 1809 ; m. Matthias Walker, r. North. Sophia, b. Dec. 5, 1811 ; m. Josiah Stone, r. Saxonville. Mary H., b. April 27, 1816 (by 2d wife) ; d. unm. Jane E., b. Dec. 20, 1818 ; m. Samuel Kendall, r. Natick. Caroline C, b. Dec. 22, 1821 ; m. WiUiam Ingraham, r. Watertown. Charks C, b. AprU 9, 1824 ; d. Oct. 3, 1826. In this account of the Brighams I have been greatly aided by a published Genealogy of the Brighara Family, by Rev. Abner Morse, whose labors in the Genealogical Department are untiring. The Brighams as a whole have been highly respectable, and some branches of the famUy have produced distinguished men. Ebenezer Brigham, Esq., of Blue Mounds, Dane County, Wis., son of David Brigham, of Shrewsbury, b. 1789, is a descendant of the Marl. Brighams. He went West in 1812, has seen much of Western frontier life, was one of the first white inhabitants of Wis consin, and is known as the " father of the State." He is a man of very general intelligence, was raany years a member of the Territorial Legislature, and was the one who selected Madison as the Capital of the State. He has been extensively engaged in Lead Mining, and was the first to introduce that species of industry into the Northwest. He resided at Blue Mounds, in a house of original simplicity, which he has kept as a public house. He was never married. He was exten sively known throughout the Northwest, and was highly respected as a gentleman of intelligence, public spirit and unbending integrity. He died Sept. 14, 1861. The Dane County bar, to express their venera tion for his character, adopted the following Resolution : " That we regard it as a privilege to bear our testimony, in this public manner, to the unblemished morals, the ardent patriotism, the benevolent character, and generous heart of our esteemed and lamented friend." Hon. Elijah Brigham, of Westborough, a man of distinguished worth, was from the same stock. He was sixteen years Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and eight years a member of Congress, and d. highly honored and greatly lamented in 1818. 346 Hon. Paul Brigham, of Norwich, Vt., dates back to Marl. He was in service through the greater part of the Revolution, was five years High Sheriff of the County of Windsor, and five years Chief Justice of the County Court, a Maj. Gen. in the Militia, several years a member of the Legislature, and twenty years Lieut. Gov. of Vt. Hon. Lincoln F. Brigham, one of the Associate Justices of the Superior Court of the Commonwealth ; Rev. Daniel Brigham, now a clergyman at Bridgewater ; Rev. Charles H. Brigham, a distin guished clergyman in Taunton ; William Brigham, Esq., of Boston ; Ripley Brigham, Esq., of Milwaukie, Wis., and several other gen tlemen, more or less known to fame, have descended from the old Marl, stock, and reflect honor upon their early ancestors and the name of Brigham. BRITAIN.— John Britain had in Marl. /ane, b. Sept. 16, 1724; and WUliam, b. Sept. 16, 1726. BROOKS.— Charles Brooks ra. Nov. 24, 1757, Mary Hapgood, and had Lydia, b. Sept. II, 17.59; Persis, b. Jan. 4, 1762; Mary, b. Nov. 13, 1764. Jacob Brooks m. Nov. 17, 1774, Martha Rice, and had Jacob, b. June 28, 1775. THE BROWN FAMILY. The Browns of Marl, were probably descendants of different emi grants. The Browns in N. E. were so numerous, and the Marl. records are so meagre, that I find it impossible to classify them. John Brown, baptized in England, Oct. 11, 1601, came over in the ship Lion, 1632, settled in Watertown, m. Dorothy, and had John and two daughters. John, the son, m. Esther Makepeace, of Boston. He settled first in Cambridge, where he had four children ; then he moved to Marl, soon after the incorporation of the town. He sold his place in Marl, to Thomas Rice, moved to Falmouth, then back to Water- town, where he d. 1697. He had in Marl. John, b. Nov. 27, 1664 ; Hester, b. Dec. II, 1667 ; Ruth, b. Dec. 8, 1668 ; Abigail, b. March 9, 1674. Probably no one of the family remained in the place. James Brown m. May 5, 1719, Sarah Howe. She d. and he m. Jan. 26, 1725, Deborah Rice, who d. Dec. 1, 1725, and he m. Dec. 7, 1727, Mary Claice, who d. Dec. 31, 1734, and he m. as his 4th wife, Thankful. By his difi'erent wives he had Elizabeth, b. July 6, 1720; Susanna, d. young; Mary, b. AprU 28, 1733; i?o6erf, b. AprU 4,1739; James, b. Jan. 12, 1741. John Brown, probably from Stow, m. Feb. 10, 1763, Mary Bruce, and had Tliomas, b. Sept. 1, 1763; WUliam, b. AprU 22, 1765; and Sarah, b. May 17, 1768. Samuel Brown ra. Elizabeth . He was a mason, and was kiUed by faUing from the roof of a house, Sept. 27, 1817, aged 54. She d. 1841, aged 74. Ann, b. Nov. 5, 1786. 3 Mary, b. Feb. 3, 1789. Sarah, b. March 1, 1791. 347 5 6 78 9 10 1 1- 24 68 10 1- 234 5 78 9 II 1-2- 2-12 13 15 1-4- 1-7- 7-17 19 212324 Elizabeth A., b. Sept. 12, 1792 ; m. April 3, 1814, Richard P. Noyes. Samuel, b. Aug. 1, 1795; m. May 5, 1822, Arethusa Lee, r. atLoweU. William, b. Nov. 19, 1799; m. 1830, Laura Ann Howe, r. at Lowell. Ebenezer, b. Feb. 1800 ; ra. June 16, 1823, Mary Brigham. Hannah B., b. June 11, 1803; m. July 22, 1825, Francis Weeks. David, b. May 25, 1805. Isaac Brown ra. Dec. 24, 1780, Deborah Gould. Betsey, b. AprU 6, 1783 ; d. young. Isaac, b. March 19, 1787 ; d. 1793. Abijah, b. Feb. 24, 1794. Liiaj, b. Aug. 28, 1798. William H, b. March 10, 1804. 3 Betsey, b. 1784. 5 James W., b. AprU 19, 1789. 7 Willard, b. July 13, 1796. 9 Man/ W., b. Nov. 18, 1801. 11 Sophia J, b. March 14, 1808. THE BRUCE FAMILY. The Bruces of Marl, probably had different ancestors. Some of the families of that name appear to have been rather migratory, being at one time in, and at another time out of the town ; so as to perplex and confuse the record. Roger Bruce was in Marl, early, and had a wife and family. He was probably a son of John Bruce, who was in Sudbury in 1672, and who had a grant of land in Marl, bounded upon Peter Bent's mill pond. He was a miller, and attended Bent's mill. He m. Elizabeth . He d. in Southboro', Sept. 16, 1733. He resided near Stony Brook, and consequently was included in South, when it was set off from Mari. \Samuel, b. March 24, 1691 ; m. Elizabeth . Abijah, b. Nov. 27, 1693; m. 1719, Mary Woods. \Elisha, b. Sept. 14, 1695 ; m. Silence, and went to Worcester. Rebecca, b. Feb. 22, 1698. 6 Sarah, b. May 2, 1700. \Daniel, b. Feb. 22, 1701 ; m. Dec. 1, 1732, Bathsheba Bowker. Tliomas, b. Jan. 5, 1704 ; m. Sarah . Hannah, b. Feb. 18, 1706. 10 Deliverance, b. Sept. 9, 1709. David, b. June 9, 1711 ; had two wives and chUdren in South, m. 1st Feb. 20, 1727, Mary Brigham, and had David, b. in Mari. Samuel Bruce m. Elizabeth ¦ Jerusha, born Oct. 20, 1721 ; m. Sept. 25, 1744, Gershom Newton. Sarah, b. Aug. 13, 1723. 14 Joseph, b. Dec. 4, 1726. Samuel, b. 1729, in South. 16 Roger, b. 1734, in South. Elisha Bruce ra. Silence, and had Hepzibah, b. Dec. 30, 1725, and lived in South. Daniel Bruce m. Dec. 1, 1732, Bathsheba Bowker. Ruth, b. May 22, 1733. 18 Abraham, b. Dec. 23, 1735. Lucu, b. Nov. 6, 1737. 20 Benjamin, b. Dec. 24, 1739. John, b. May 29, 1744. 22 Betty, b. Jan. 22, 1746. Mary, b. Aug. 9, 1748 ; m. 1764, John Brown. Daniel, b. Sept. 21, 1752. 348 1-2- 2- 2-5- 5- 9 10111213 5-12- 12-14 15 17 18 19 21 23 There was another family of Bruces which came to Marl, from Woburn, where there were raany of that name, several of whom intermarried with the Marl, families. John Bruce came from Woburn to Marl, about 1740, and settled on a part of the Indian Plantation near where the late Dea. Ezekiel Bruce resided. He probably was accompanied by his son WiUiam, then a young man. William Bruce m. March 10, 1747, Abigail Kendall, of Woburn. She d. AprU 22, 1763, aged 41, and he m. Sarah Kendall, of Woburn, Oct. 25, 1764. He was probably the WUUam Bruce who d. 1803. Abigail, b. Oct. 22, 1747 ; ra. July 3, 1764, Elijah Plagg. Elizabeth, b. Oct. 20, 1749 ; m. April 4, 1769, John Wilkins. \ JVathaniel, b. Oct. 26, 1753 ; m. Oct. 13, 1774, Mary CUsbee. Zeruiah, b. Feb. 27, 1755. John, b. Aug. 31, 1757; grad. at Dart. I78I ; d. 1809. He was a clergyman. .Martha, b. Dec. 10, 1761 ; m. Abel . Nathaniel Bruce m. Mary Clisbee, Oct. 13, 1774. She d. Oct. 8, 1829, aged 82. He d. July 6, 1834, aged 82. WiUiam, b. Aug. 2, 1775 ; m. Nov. 30, 1797, Molly Bruce. Abigail, b. March 17, 1778 ; m. Sept. 18, 1797, David Smith. Moses, b. Aug. 10, 1780 ; ra. Nov. 29, 1798, Susanna Bruce. jEzekiel, b. May 1, 1784 ; ra. March 18, 1804, Betsey Smith. Calvin, b. July 3, 1788. Ezekiel Bruce m. March 18, 1804, Betsey Smith. He d. Nov. 7, I860, aged 76. He was a deacon of the East Church, and repre sented the town in the General Court. Amory, b. June 18, 1804 ; m. Mary Nelson. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 27, 1808. S?j;J:;S''-Aug.i3,i8i4;j'Mary Ann, b. June II, 1818. Elmira, b. Jan. 1, 1823. Elinor, b. 12, 1832. Several of the name of Bruce, connected with or descendants from some of the preceding families, have had children whose births are on Marl. Records. 16 AbigaU S., b. Oct. 1, I8I1. , young. 20 WUliam, b. Nov. 8, 1820. 22 Sylvester B., b. Dec. 17, 1826. Thomas Bruce and wife Mary, had an adopted dau. Mary, b. April 1, 1746. James Bruce, by wife Molly, had Jeduthan, b. Sept. 29, 1775, m. April 12, 1798, Susannah Smith ; Susannah, b. June 24, 1776 ; Molly, b. Aug. 24, 1778. Joel Bruce, by wife Lydia Eager, had Henry, b. Jan. 3, 1796 ; Lydia, b. Feb. 28, 1798 ; Otis, b. July 15, 1800 ; Moses, b. Feb. 24, 1802 ; Charles, b. Dec. 9, 1805. Susanna (Joslin) Bruce, wid. of Timotliy Bruce, d. in Marl. 1832, at the advanced age of 99. 349 1-2- 2- 9 II 1213141516 1-4- 4-17 1819 20 1-7- 7-21 22 2324252627 2-14- 14-28 293031 3233 35 2-16- 16-36 37 THE BUSH FAMILY,. Abiel Bush was in Marl, as early as 1690. He. m. Grace Barrett, 1688, who d. June I, 1739, " aged almost 70." He resided in the north part of the town, on the line of Bolton, north of FeltonvUle. ^Jonathan, b. Jan. 19, 1690 ; m. Sarah Randall. Abiel, b. March 28, 1691 ; d. Dec. 15, I7I5. ^Hezekiah, b. Feb. 10, 1693 ; m. Oct. 31, 1721, Abigail Joslin. Grace, b. May 3, 1696 ; m. Dec. 4, 1718, Peter Howe. John, b. July 18, 1699 ; m. AprU 24, 1723, Martha Temple, and moved to Shrewsbury. ^ Joseph, b. April 1, 1705; ra. Mary . Sarah., b. Oct. 27, 1709 ; m. March 15, 1727, Moses Johnson. Jonathan Bush m. Sarah Randall, July 24, I7I5. He d. March 26, 1732. Lucy, b. March 9, 1716. 10 Lydia, b. May 23, 1717. Jonathan, b. Jan. 16, 1719 ; d. March 3, 1745. Lois, b. March 8, 1721. Rachel, b. Jan. 13, 1724; m. 1749, Aaron Kidder. \Jesse, b. Jan. 31, 1727. He was in the French war. Phebe, b. March 3, 1729. \Micah, b. Jan. 29, 1731 ; ra. AprU 19, 1759, Hannah Wilder, of Bolton. Hezekiah Bush m. Abigail Joslin. He d. March 5, 1750. Dinah, b. Sept. 30, 1722 ; m. Feb. 22, 1743, Thomas Baker. Dorothy, b. Jan. 29, 1725 ; d. June 26, 1739. Damaris, b. Aug. 22, 1727. Solomon, b. April I, 1731 ; ra. Jan. 1, 1751, Submit Morse, who d. Dec. 19, 1765. Joseph Bush m. Mary . Zebediah, b. Dec. 17, 1729 ; he was in the French war. Abiel, b. Jan. 1, 1731 ; he was in the Indian war. Mary, b. June 4, 1733 ; m. 1761, John Johnson. Tnjphosa, b. July 13, 1736 ; m. March 29, 1764, Uriah Eager, Jr. Parthius, b. Aug. 2, 1738. Joseph, b. Sept. 11, 1741 ; m. Feb. 6, 1766, Dorothy Howe. Dority, b. Sept. 29, 1744. Jesse Bush m. Dinah . Jabez, b. March 7, 1752; m. AprU 14 783 , Susanna Brown. Hepzibah, b. Feb. 20, 1754 ; m. July II, 1776, Robert Fife. Lucy, b. July 20, 1756. Betty, b. Feb. 18, 1761 ; ra. Dec. 15, 1785, Aaron Jones. Stephen, b. Aug. 16, 1765 ; m. Nov. 26, 1788, Lucy Tainter. Dinah, b. June 26, 1767. 34 Ephraim, b. Dec. 8, 1769. MoUy, b. June 18, 1772. Micah Bush m. Dorothy. She d. 1757, and he m. AprU 19, 1759, Hannah Wilder. After the birth of his chUdren, he removed to Bolton, where he d. and where his children mostly settled. Sarah, b. Oct. 5, 1755 ; m. Zebediah Simonds, 1786. Beoka, b. Oct. 3, 1756. 38 Jonathan, b. Nov. 29, 1757. 45 350 39 4041 4244 1-2 2- 3456 7 8 2-5- 5- 9 10II 2-6- 6-12 131415 16 18 20 Hannah, b. Jan. 14, 1760. Dalla, b. Sept. 22, 1762 ; d. in Bolton, unm. Calvin, b. Dec. 23, 1763 ; ra. Elizabeth Temple, of Princeton. Levi, b. Nov. 25, 1765. 43 Eunice, b. Dec. 17, 1766. Micah, b. Dec. 4, 1768 ; went south. Samuel Bush, perhaps brother of Abiel, ra. July 15, 1708, Eliza beth Wheeler, and had Jotham, b. Jan. 21, 1709 ; Zeruiah, b. Aug. 28, 1710, d. Dec. 18, I7I0; Amaziah, b. March 15, 1712; Millicent,b. Oct. 16, I7I3, d. Feb. 28, 1715. BUTLER. — Peter Butler, by wife Sarah, had John, b. March 4, 1732 ; Phebe, b. Nov. 1733 ; Peter, b. March 26, 1735 ; Mary, b. Oct. 1736; Sarah, b. Aug. 1738. CADY.— James Cady, by wife Thankful, had Hannah, b. 1711 ; Elias, b. Sept. 6, 1712 ; Joseph, b. March 5, 1714. CALDWELL. — John Caldwell, by wife Susanna, had John, b. Oct. 1, 1788; James, b. May 3, 1791; Many, b. 1792; Eunice, b. 1794 ; Daniel, b. 1796 ; Susanna, b. 1799 ; Sally, b. I80I ; WUliam, b. 1803 ; Lydia, b. 1805. THE CHURCH FAMILY. Garrett Church, of Watertown, was b. in England, I6I1; m. Sarah, and had six chUdren, among whom was David, b. Sept. I, 1657. He ra. Mary, by whom he had two chil dren, b. in Wat., where he kept a public house. About 1700 he came to Marl., where the rest of his children were born. He probably lost his first wife, and m. in 1710, Mary WUder, as his second wife. John, bap. in Wat. Nov. 6, 1689. Sarah, bap. in Wat. Nov. 6, 1689 ; ra. 1718, Simon Maynard. \Adonijah, b. Oct. 17, 1710 ; m. AprU 10, 1747, Sarah Howe. \Noah., b. Sept. 18, 1712; m. Feb. 18, 1742, Lydia Barnard. Ephraim, b. Dec. 18, 1714; ra. Feb. 3, 1736, Sarah Gates. Mary, b. June 22, 1717; ra. March 17, I74I, Joel Brigham. Adonijah Church m. April 10, 1747, Sarah Howe, dau. of Jona than and Sarah. She d. Sept. 8. 1758, aged 36 years, 10 months and 3 days. He d. at Holden, March 24, 1787. \ Alexander, b. July 27, 1748 ; ra. May 2, 1771, Rebecca Tucker. Zadock, b. Feb. 8, 1751 ; d. Aug. 14, 1757. Sarah, b. Aug. 5, 17,55 ; d. Sept. 25, 1755. Noah Church ra. Lydia Barnard. with his family. He moved to New Marlborough Ln/dia, b. June 20, 1743 ; m. May 31, 1764, Adonijah Howe. David, b. June 17, 1745. Lucy, b. Feb. 4, 1747 ; m. Wm. Ward, r. New Mari. Molly, b. Oct. 26, 1749 ; ra. Obadiah Ward, r. New Mari. Lovlsa, b. March 4, 1751. 17 Oliver, b. March 26, 1754. Betty, b. May 1, 1756. 19 PUbe, b. May 25, 1758. :N'oah, b. Oct. 19, 1760. 351 5-9- 9-21 23 1- 234 5 6 78 9 10 II121314 1- 23 Alexander Church ra. May 2, I77I, Rebecca Tucker. a soldier in the Army of the Revolution. He was Sarah, b. Dec. 12, I77I. Zadock, b. July 23, 1776. 22 Sophia, b. April 19, 1774. 24 Lucy, b. March 18, 1770. CLARK. — Benjamin Clark, (lineage not ascertained,) m. Abigail , and had Mary, b. Dec. 18, 1769 ; m. Aug. 29, 1787, Simeon Eames; Abigail, b. March 22, 1772; m. Dec. 31, 1792, Benjamin Gould; Benjamin, b. April 2, 1778; m. 1800, Catharine Eustis, and had 16 chUdren; Sally, b. May 4, 1780 ; m. Sept. II, 1798, Jonathan Weeks; JVancy, b. March 5, 1782; Betsey, b. Oct. 10, 1784; m. Feb. 20, 1805, Levi Colby. Benjamin Clark, the father, d. AprU 15, 1829, aged 86. His widow d. Feb. 11, 1830, aged 79. CLEASBY. — Joseph Cleasby, by wife Sarah, had Joseph, b. Sept. 9, 1765 ; ra. Jan. 11, 1787, Miriam Howe. Joseph Cleasby came to Marl, frora Lynn. CLEMENS. — Jonathan Clemens, by wife Hannah, had Samuel, b. April 26, 1763 ; Jabez, b. Aug. 29, 1765. THE COGSWELL FAMILY. William Cogswell carae to Marl, from Boston about 1775, as a trader, and located himself near Spring HUl. His wife's name was Abigail. She d. Nov. 20, 1833, aged 81. AUgaU, b. Dec. 7, 1775 ; m. Feb. 22, 1801, Samuel Gibbon. Francis, b. Aug. 13, 1777 ; d. Dec. 13, 1777. Elizabeth, b. Nov. 15, 1778 ; ra. Aug. 16, 1797, David Munroe. Mehitabel, b. Oct. 15, 1780 ; ra. 1802, Rev. James Converse. Hannah L., b. April 29, 1782 ; ra. June 25, 1801, Thomas Cole. Lydia, b. Jan. 28, 1784 ; m. June 23, I8I3, Micah Sherman. William, b. March 25, 1786 ; d. Jan. 31, 1788. Ruthy, b. Nov. 23, 1787. Charles, b. AprU 12, 1789; m. 1814, Lucy WUder, and d. June II, 1838. Sally, b. Oct. 2, 1790 ; m. Oct. 21, I8I2, John Brown. Rebecca, b. March 31, 1792 ; ra. Nov. 26. 1829, Sarauel Weld. Lucretia, b. April 24, 1794 ; d. Nov. 25, 1803. Hennj F, b. May 8, 1796. 15 William D., b. July 6, 1798. THE COTTING FAMILY. On the death of Dr. Ebenezer Dexter, 1769, Dr. Amos Cotting, from Waltham, came to Marl, and established himself as a physician. I have not been able to trace his lineage. Amos Cotting m. Dinah Newton. He d. June 17, 1807. The record of the family is very imperfect. Sukey P., b. March 18, 1783 ; ra. Jan. 27, 1801, Walter Morse. William. L. P., b. June 27, 1785; d. Feb. 13, 1790. 352 456 7 8 9 10II 1- 234567 1-5- 5- 8 9 101113 1-6- 6-14 15 Roland C, b. AprU 17, 1787 ; d. unm. Charles C, b. Feb. 16, 1789; m. Nancy Bradley, d. in Boston. WUliam, b. Jan. 4, 1791 ; lost at sea. Amory, b. Feb. 26, 1793 ; m. June 7, 1821, Dolly B. Bruce. Samuel, b. May 29, 1795 ; ra. Ann Hammet, resided in Boston. Amos, b. May 27, 1797 ; ra. in Boston, Harriet Tuttle. John, b. May 1, 1799; ra. Oct. 17, 1820, Sally C. Brigham. Uriah, b. Nov. 23, 1802 ; moved to Boston, d. at New Orleans. COX.— Elisha Cox ra. June 28, 1791, MoUy Bruce, and had Elisha, b. Oct. 23, I79I, ra. May 13, 1824, Eliza WUkins ; Rufus, b. Nov. 3, 1793; Willard, b. May 9, 1796; Loring, b. June 26, 1799, m. April 17, 1823, Alma Wood, dau. of Moses Wood. THE CRANSTON FAMILY. The records of this family are very defective. What we give is gleaned from scattered items, and from a friend of the family. Samuel Cranston emigrated from England a youug man, and settled probably in the western part of the Colony, where he m. Ehz- abeth Brown. It is probable that he and his wife, and at least three children, came to Marl, about 1728. He d. in Marl. Elisha, moved to Ashfield, where he m. and had issue. Elizabeth, m. in 1738, John Barnes, of Marl. Hannah, m. 1st, Dunton, and 2d, Lucas Dunn. ^Amasa, b. in Marl. AprU 3, 1730 ; m. Mary Harthron. \Abner, b. Oct. 21, 1732; m. 1765, Mrs. Lydia WUkins. Patience, b. Nov. 11, 1742 ; m. Solomon Banister, of Brookfield. Amasa Cranston ra. Nov. 5, 1754, Mary Harthron. He d. AprU 26, 1808, aged 78 ; and she d. Oct. 26, 1821, aged 85. He was a sol dier in the French and Indian wars, entering the service at the tender age of 16. The Revolutionary struggle found him ready for the field. On the " Lexington alarm," he repaired at once to the scene of action. He was at that time Lieut, in Capt. Cyprian Howe's Company. He entered the regular service with the rank of Capt. and was promoted to a Major. He served through the greater part of the war, and was in several battles, as that of Bennington, White Plains, &c. After leaving the army, he filled several civU offices, aa that of constable, selectman, &c. Lydia, b. 1760 ; d. in infancy. \Joel, b. Sept. 17, 1763 ; m. Sept. 27, 1784, Lucretia Eager. Mai-y, b. March 22, 1766; m. Abner Phillips, of Ashfield, and d. 1846. Moses, d. in childhood. 12 Lois, b. Dec. 19, 1771 ; m. John Ward. Catharine, b. Feb. 20, 1775; ra. Stephen Nash. Abner Cranston m. Feb. 6, 1765, Mrs. Lydia (Sraith) WUkins, wid. of Edward WUkins. He served in several campaigns in the French war ; he was also in the army of the Revolution, and d. in service in 1777. She d. in 1801 ; and in her will mentions Eliza beth Randall, Jonas, Edward, and Solomon WUkins, children by her first husband. Lydia, b. ; m. Sept. 30, 1784, LoveweU Dunn. Betsey, h. ; m. May 8, 1792, Jonah Howe. 353 Joel Cranston m. Sept. 27, 1784, Lucretia Eager, dau. of Bayley and Catharine (Warren) Eager. They had no children. He d. at Rock Bottom, Stow, Oct. 22, 1835, aged 72 years. She d. July 20, 1840, aged 80 years and 9 months. Joel Cranston was well known to the public. He filled various offices, represented the town in the General Court, and the County in the Senate -of Mass., and was many years a Justice of the Peace. He was a man of sagacity and enterprise. One who knew hira well, says of him : " He may truly be said to be the founder of FeltonvUle. Before the commencement of the present century, he opened a store there, kept a public house, and a few years later started quite a number of mechanical branches of industry, viz. : cloth dressing, blacksmithing, tanning, carding of wool, &c. He also erected a number of buildings. Afterwards he became a farmer and manufacturer, and was the principal agent in building up Rock Bottom." CROSBY. — Jonathan Crosby m. Sept. 22, 1785, Anna Morse, and had Elizabeth, b. 1787 ; WUliam, b. April 26, 1789 ; Jonathan, b. Aug. II, I79I ; JVancy, b. 1793; Charles, b. 1795, d. young; Clmrles, b. Dec. 19, 1796 ; Phebe S., b. 1799. THE CURTIS FAMILY. After the death of Dr. Dexter in 1769, widow Dexter took Samuel Curtis, of Roxbury, into her family, as a physician. He m. June 30, 1771, Lydia Dexter, wid. of Dr. Dexter. She d. Dec. 24, 1774, and he ra. Mrs. Abigail Whitney, of Weston, 1778. He was a man of influence in the town, was clerk, selectman, &c., and a justice of the peace. He was a member of the Committee of Correspondence in 1778. Anna, b. Oct. 5, 1771 ; d. young. Christian, b. March 31, 1774. 4 Samuel, b. Feb. 14, 1779. Anna, b. May 26, 1780. 6 Fanny, b. March 19, 178 1. CUNNINGHAM.— Simeon Cunningham was in Mari., and m. April 17, 1792, Miriam Brigham, dau. of Noah and Miriam. He had several children, but their births are not recorded. The same is true of his death. She d. Feb. 29, 1850, aged 87. THE DARLING FAMILY. Amos Darling, of Framingham, (said to have come from Danvers,] ra. Hepzibah Bruce, of Southboro'. He d. 1837, aged 80. Joseph, b. Oct. 1746 ; m. 1773, Eunice Flagg. She d. May 1775. Elizabeth, b. 1748 ; ra. 1772, Eleazer Rice, of Mari. ^ Jonas, b. June 4, 1753 ; m. 1778, Mary Knights. Lucy, b. 1755 ; ra. Daniel Rice, 1778. Amos, born 1757 ; m. Lovisie Hager. Hepzibah, b. 1759 ; m. 1784, Levi Wilkins, of Mari. Injdia, b. 1762 ; d. unra. 1789. \Daniel, b. July 24, 1765 ; was twice raarried. 354 1-4- 4-10 II12 13 14 1517 1-9- 1-2- 2- 67 8 1-4- 4-10 1112 13 1 Jonas Darling m. 1778, Mary Knights. He d. in Sterling. WUliam, b. Sept. 24, 1778. Ethan, b. March 13, 1780 ; m. Oct. 19, 1803, Mary Hapgood. Darius, b. Sept. 21, 1782; m. 1806, Susanna Fairbanks, moved to Holden, and d. I860. Justin, b. Oct. 31, 17 Lydia, b. Dec. 9, 1786 ; Amos, b. July 17, 1790. Jonas, b. July 12, 1796. m. Feb. 11, 1810, Edward Severy. 16 Eber, b. July II, 1792. Daniel Darling m. Oct. 9, 1793, Rebecca Arnold; she d. 1838, and he ra. Charlotte Hunting ; she d. 1843. He had Betsey, b. 1794; m. I8I8, David Howe. Trowbridge, b. 1798 ; ra. 1828, Hannah Hay den. Clarissa, b. 1803; Caroline, b. 1808. DAVIS. — Eleazer Davis was in Marl, as early as 1745, and m. 1749, Abigail Bowker. He was probably the father of Eleazer, Jr., who ra. June 16, 1757, Abiah Ward, dau. of Daniel and Mary (Bige low) Ward, and had Edward, b. May 19, 1758; Rebecca, b. 1762; Rosanna, b. 1765. DAWSON. — William Dawson, by wife Sophia, had Darius, b. March 8, 1780. THE DEXTER FAMILY. Ebenezer Dexter was a physician in Marl. He m. Lydia Woods, Feb. 7, 1754. He d. May 4, 1769, and she m. June 30, 1771, Dr. Samuel Curtis ; she d. Dec. 24, 1774. William, b. AprU 17, 1755 ; m. Mrs. Betsey Bowker, 1775. Samuel, b. Nov. 14, l756 ; he was a surgeon in the Revolutionary army. Uohn, b. Dec. 10, 1758 ; ra. Mary Woods, May 3, 1783. Aaron H., b. June 25, 1762. WILLL4.M Dexter ra. Mrs. Betsey Bowker. He was a physician. She ra. Edward Lowe. He d. Dec. 4, 1785. Ebenezer, b. Oct. 30, 1775. Lydia, b. Feb. 28, 1777 ; she is now living in Leominster. Sally, b. Oct. 14, 1778. 9 WiUiam, b. Dec. 29, 1779. John Dexter ra. May 3, 1783, Mary Woods, dau. of Moses and Lydia Woods. He d. 1816, in Boston. She d. 1823. Mary, b. Dec. 26, 1783 ; is living in Boston, unm. Samuel, b. Oct. 27, 1785 ; is living in Marl., unm. John H., b. Sept. 15, 1791 ; is living in Boston, unm. Lambert, b. May 7, 1794 ; resides in Boston. John Dexter ra. Oct. 23, 1765, Mary Howe, dau. of Dea. Josiah Howe. Catlmrine, b. Nov. 25, 1768 ; ra. SUas Witt, March 12, 1801. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 5, I77I ; ra. 1798, Isaac Colbum. \Charles, b. July 2, 1773; m. Dec. 26, 1796, Sarah Howe. Maiy Ward, b. Dec. 30, 1778 ; m. March 12, 1797, Moses Woodward. 355 1-4- 4- 68 10 1-2 3 4 56 7 1-2- 2-10 II 12 13 14 15 1617 18 19 20 1-3- 3-21 2224 25 262728 29 Charles Dexter m. Dec. 26, 1796, Sarah Howe. He moved from town. John B., b. June 24, 1798. Mary, b. Nov. 4, 1802. Sally, b. Aug. 13, 1806. 7 Richard M., b. Oct. 10, 1800. 9 Elizabeth C, b. Jan. 19, 1804. THE EAGER FAMILY. William Eager m. Ruth HiU in Maiden, in 16.59. He was one of the proprietors of the Ockoocangansett Plantation purchased of the Indians in 1684. We have no full record of his family. He had Abralmm, and probably Zaclmriah, John, Ruth, Zerubbabel, Lydia and William. He came to Marl, with his 2d wife Lydia, before 1682, and d. April 4, 1690. \Abralmm, b. ; ra. Lydia Woods. \Zachariah, b. ; ra. Elizabeth . John, b. June 6, 1689. Ruth, b. ; m. Nov. 11, 1695, John Banister. \Zerubbabel, b. 1672 ; ra. March 23, 1698, Hannah Kerley. JLn/dia, b. ; m. May 25, 1708, Johnson. James, b. Sept. 21, 1686 ; m. AprU 2, 1713, Tabitha Howe. WUliam, b. Oct. 20, 1684. Abraham Eager ra. Lydia Woods. He d. in Shrewsbury, Oct. 25, 1734. She d. there Jan. 7, 1739. Martha, b. Aug. 15, 1693 ; m. Feb. 28, I7I8, Asa Bowker. Lydia, b. July 3, 1696; m. June 19, 1721, WiUiam Thomas. Sarah, b. May 27, 1699. Hazadiah, b. July 1, 1701 ; d. Feb. 13, 1716. Phebe, b. Feb. II, 1703 ; ra. Jan. 6, 1730, Jabez Ward, moved to New Mariboro'. Zeruiah, b. Sept. 17, 1705 ; ra. May 23, 1723, Daniel Barnes. Lucy, b. July 15, 1707 ; m. 1735, Jonas Morse. Abraham, b. Sept. 14, 1709 ; ra. AprU 25, 1739, Dinah Rice, lived in Shrewsbury. MiUicent, b. Feb. 22, I7I2 ; d. Dec. 24, I7I2. Bezaleel, b. Dec. 22, 1713 ; m. 1735, Persis Ward ; settled in North., family distinguished. Benjamin, b. May 17, 1716; m. 1737, Abigail Johnson, of Worcester. He resided in Shrewsbury. Zachariah Eager m. Elizabeth d. Jan. 18, 1756. He d. July 5, 1742. She Ruth, b. Dec. 20, 1694 ; m. Howe. Elizabeth, b. May 27, 1696. 23 Williayn, b. Feb. 14, 1697. Thankful, h. Dec. 29, 1699; m. Brown. Marry, b 1702. Jonathan, b. March 21, 1705 ; d. 1772, umn. Phinehas, b. Julv 30, 1707 ; d. 1729. Margaret, b. Jaii. 9, 1709. ^Aaron b. Feb. I, 1713. 30 Zachariah, b. Sept. 10, 1716. 356 1-6- 6-31 3233 34 353637 38 8-39 41 3-29- 29-42 434546 47 48 49 6-32- 32-51 5253545556 6-38- 38-57 58 59 60 29-46- 46-61 0263 Zerubbabel Eager m. 1698, Hannah Kerley, dau. of Henry and Elizabeth Kerley. He d. Jan. 9, 1747. Hannah, Jacob, and Moses are not mentioned in his wUl, dated 1745 ; probably not living at that time. He was in the Revolutionary service. Hannah, b. March 14, 1699. jUriah, b. AprU 4, 1700; ra. March 14, 1727, Sarah Brigham. Hepzibah, b. May 4, 1702; m. Jan. 20, 1736, James Woods. Jacob, b. Oct. 2, 1704 ; d. Dec. 18, 1723. Damaris, b. Sept. II, ; m. Johaniah Howe. Jmrilm, \ ^' ^^^' ^°' ^^^^ ' ) m. Feb. 26, 1730, Isaac Harrington. \John, b. March 28, 1718 ; m. Elizabeth . James Eager m. April 2, 1713, Tabitha Howe, dau. of Thomas and Sarah (Hosmer) Howe. VasMi, b. Jan. 14, 1713. 40 Hezediah, b. Dec. 1, 1715. James, b. March 6, 1720. He resided in North., and his property was confiscated in 1778, he being attached to the royal cause. Aaron Eager m. Mary II, 1756. She d. Nov. 2, 1756. He d. Nov. Solomon, b. Jan. 29, 1735 ; m. Oct. 26, 1756, Dinah Goodnow. Mary, b. July 17, 1736. 44 Lucy, b. Feb. 7, 1738 ; d. 1756. WiUiam, b. Sept. 23, 1739 ; ra. Feb. 12, 1761, Sarah Stow. ^Bailey, b. Feb. 7, 1741 ; m. Feb. 21, 1765, Catharine Warren. Aaron, b. March 28, 1743 ; he was in service at Cambridge, 1775. \Josepli, b. May 28, 1744 ; m. March 24, 1767, Hannah Woods. George, b. May 31, 1746. 50 Catharine, b. Nov. 1, 1748. Uriah Eager m. 1727, Sarah Brighara, dau. of Nathan and Eliza beth. She d. Nov. 5, 1744 ; and he m. 1746, Rebecca Rice. He d. Dec. 30, 1780, and his widow d. Jan. 17, 1790. He marched as En sign to Cambridge on the Lexington alarm, and was afterwards pro moted to a Captaincy. JVathan, b. Feb. 9, 1731 ; m. 1755, Sarah Goodnow. Mary, b. May 27, 1733. Fortunatus, b. July 6, 1735; ra. June 13, 1758, Mehitabel Bigelow. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 21, 1737 ; d. July 24, 1740. ^Uriah, b. Feb. 5, 1740 ; m. Triphosa Bush. Hannah, b. Dec. 29, 1741 ; m. Feb. 10, 1761, Uriah Newton. John Eager April 9, 1777. in. Elizabeth . She d. May 25, 1750. He d. Joseph, b. June 8,- 1746 ; m. Hannah . f^f^P b. June 24, 1747. \ ^f ^''\' ?' ]l%' Vasliti, ^ ' ) d. Oct. 1, 1747. \Luke, b.Dec. 8, 1748 ; ra. Vashti Walker. Bailey Eager, m. Feb. 21, 1765, Catharine Warren. He d. Feb. 26,1790. She d. Feb. 1, 1326, aged 80. Lacretia, k. Oct. 15, 1765; m. Sept. 22, 1784, Joel Cranston. \Abralmm, b. June 25, 1768 ; m. Polly Clark. \Slephen, b. Nov. 7, 1772; m. Elizabeth Gates. 357 64 65 29-48- 48-66 32-55- 55-68 6970 7172 73 38-60- 60-74 76 78 46-62- 62-79 81 46-63- 63-82 83 84 55-71- 71-85 868889 90 Levina, b. Oct. 23, 1773 ; d. Dec. 28, 1775. Jonathan, b. Dec. 2, 1779. Joseph Eager m. March 24, 1767, Hannah Woods. He was in the French war, 1760, under Capt. WUliams, of Marl. Jb/m, b. Nov. 20, 1768. 67 Martin, b. Jan. 30, 1770. Uriah Eager ra. 1764, Triphosa Bush. He d. Sept. 30, 1813, aged 73. She d. Feb. 8, 1802. He was in service in Rhode Island, in the perilous days of the Revolution. Rebecca, b. Dec. 29, 1764 ; m. Oct. 17, 1786, Lovell Barnes. Mary, b. Oct. 26, 1766 ; d. March 8, 1769. Triphena, b, Sept. 9, 1770; ra. March 16, 1794, Alexander Hunting. \Moses, b. Oct. 30, 1772 ; m. Dec. 9, 1793, Sarah Stratton. Lydia, b. Oct. 29, 1774; m. Joel Bruce, 1796. Hepzibah, b. March 15, 1777; d. Sept. 15, 1778. Luke Eager m. 1770, Vashti Walker. He d. July 16, 1807. Asa D., b. May II, 1772. Christian, b. May 6, 1776. Winthrop, b. Feb. 11, 1782. 75 Lydia, b. Jane n, 1774. 77 Lois, b. Sept. 19, 1779. Abraham Eager m. 1785, Polly Clark, from Framingham. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 27, 1786. Luther, b. Feb. 10, 1789. 80 Levinia, b. Nov. 29, 1787. Stephen Eager m. May 21, 1790, Elizabeth Gates. He was drowned in Boon's Pond, AprU 22, 1820, aged 49. Lucretia, b. Nov. 8, 1790 ; m. 1808, Otis Rice. Hollis, b. July 12, 1793 ; ra. Lucy Sawyer. Eliza, b. Aug. 6, 1804. Moses Eager m. Sarah Stratton, 1793. He moved to Weston. Man/, b. June 26, 1794; m. May 14, 1817, WUIard Morse. Uriah, b. July 16, 1796. 87 Moses A., b. Nov. 16, 1797. Winslow, b. March 8, 1800. Triplwsa B., b. Dec. 8, 1802 ; m. RusseU. WUliam, b. Dec. 4, 1804. They probably had another child unrecorded. There was another Eager family, the genealogy of which cannot be traced by the Marh Records. William Eager m. Lydia, and had Many, b. Oct. 20, 1682 ; L/dia, b. June 20, 1684 ; James, b. Sept. 21, 1686 ; John, b. June 6, 1689. THE EAMES FAMILY. Gershom Eames was in Mari. eariy, and probably left on the break ing out of King PhUip's war, and went to Wat, where he d. INov. ^5, 1776. He m. Hannah Johnson, dau. of Solomon and Hannah, ot bud. 46 358 1- 2 4 678 1-6- 6-10 11 12 13 14 1516 18 1-7- 7-20 21 22 23 2425 6-12- 12-26 2728 She was b. April 27, 1656, and was not 21 years of age when her husband died. She had by hira two children, Hannali, b. Feb. 3, 1675, and Mary, posthumous, b. 1677. Mary m. John Keyes, whose houses, and his three sons, were burned in the night-time, Aug. 1723. Maj. Keyes d. at Shrewsbury, 1768, aged 93 years and 7 months, and his wid. Mary, d. 1772, aged 95 years and 1 mo. Gershom Barnes's wid. ra. Sept. 4, 1779, William Ward, of Mari., and d. Dec. 8, 1720, aged 64. The name in the early Records is spelt with an E, but most of the families have dropped the E and spell it Anus. Robert Eames, probably a relative of Gershom, m. Anna, by whom he had several children. We learn from the Probate Records, that he d. March 3, 1780. His will, dated 177I,and proved 1780, mentions wife, Anna, sons, Samuel, Robeit, James, John, and Ebenezer, and dau. Anna, Elizabeth, and Mary. He was the ancestor of the Marl. Eameses ; but his parents, I have not been able to ascertain. Samuel, b. . 3 Anna, ra. Abraham Skinner. James, b. . 5 Elizabeth, ra. Josiah Witt, as his 2d wife. fRobert, b. 1738 ; m. Jan. 30, 1759, Lydia Harrington. \Ebenezer, b. ; m. Barsheba Posket. John, b. . 9 JMary, b. Sept. 3, 1744. Robert Eames ra. Jan. 30, 1759, Lydia Harrington. She d. March 4, 1805; and he d. Feb. 12, 182I, aged 83. He was a soldier of the Revolution. Aaron, b. March 11, 1759 ; m. Feb. II, 1787, Elizabeth Boyd. Miriam, b. June 22, 1761. ^Moses, b. June 4, 1763; m. Nov. 8, 1785, Lydia Brigham. Steplien, b. April 25, 1765; m. 1808, Sarah Bartlett; d. March 7, 1833, aged 67. John, b. May 9, 1767. Jesse, b. AprU 25, 1770 ; d. May 25, 1827, aged 57. Daniel, b. AprU 22, 1772. 17 Lydia, b. AprU 4, 1774. Reuben, b. Feb. 19, 1779. 19 Anna, b. Dec. 22, 1781. Ebenezer Eames ra. Oct. 27, 1760, Barsheba Posket, of Bolton. He d. May 14, 1820, aged 90. His will, dated 1796, and proved April 4, 1820, mentions wife Barsheba, son Simeon, and dau. Eliza beth and Anna. Wid. Barsheba d. Feb. 7, 1836, aged 95. Reuben, b. Dec. 5, 1761 ; d. 1775. Eunice, b. Jan. 9, 1763 ; m. John Kinsman. ? jSimeon, b. Nov. 5, 1764 ; ra. Lucy Weeks. Elizabeth, b. July 23, 1707 ; ra. 1799, Samuel Brown. Anna, b. Oct. 8, 1769; m. Oct. 31, 1799, WUliam Cooledge. Barsheba, b. May 25, 1771. MosES Eames m. Lydia Brigham. He d. June 24, 1825, aged 62. He was a deacon of the West Church. Leivis, b. Aug. 31, 1786; ra. May 24, 1812, Nancy ChUds. She d. 1819, and he ra. I82I, Mehitabel Forbush, He d. June II, 1856, aged 70. Lucinda, b. Jan. II, 1789; d. unm. June 20, 1833, aged 46. JVa.ncy, b. March 1, 1792 ; m. July 23, 1809, Levi Bigelow. 359 7-22- 22-29 30 31 1- 2 3 4 5678 9 1-2- SiMEON Eames m. 1787, Mary Clark, dau. of Benjarain and Abigail Clark. He d. Sept. 3, 1823, aged 58. She d. June 2, 1837, aged 67. Ebenezer, b. June 29, 1788 ; m. June 4, 1815, Lucy Weeks. Israel Loring, b. April 27, 1793 ; m. Dec. 5, 1820, Elizabeth Barnard. Benjamin, b. Sept. 13, 1797. EDWARDS. — David Edwards, by wife Hannah, had Abigail, b. 1720 ; Hannah, b. 1722. Jabez Edwards m. Susanna Goodnow, 1793, and had George, b. Sept. 9, 1793; William, b. June 15, 1795; Edward, b. Oct. 16, 1790; Elizabeth, b. June 2, 1798. THE FAY FAMILY. The Fays were not among the earliest settlers of New England. Though they have become somewhat numerous in the country, it is believed that they mostly sprang from one common ancestor. John Fay was b. in England about 1648. He embarked May 30, 1656, at Gravesend, on board the SpeedweU, Robert Locke, Master, and arrived at Boston on the 27th of June. Among the passengers were Thomas Barnes, aged 20, Shadrach Hapgood, aged 14, Thomas Goodnow, aged 20, Nathaniel Goodnow, aged 16, John Fay, aged 8 years. The emigrants here mentioned appear to have been bound to Sud., where some of them, at least, had parents or relatives ; and con sidering the tender age of John Pay, we may naturally suppose that the same was true of him. He undoubtedly accompanied them to Sud., and as early as 1669, we find him in Mari., where the births of his chUdren are recorded. He ra. Mary , by whom he had several chUdren. On the breaking out of King PhUip's war in 1775, he was in Marl, and was designated among others to defend the garrison house of William Kerley in case of attack. Like most of the settlers, he left the town soon after, and repaired to a place of greater safety. WhUe in Wat. to which he had retired, he buried his wife, and one of his sons; and on the 5th of July, 1678, ra. Mrs. Susanna Morse, wid. of Joseph Morse. Her maiden name was Shattuck, dau. of WilUam Shattuck, of Wat., b. 1643. After the return of peace, he came back to Mari., where he d. Dec. 5, 1690, aged 50. She ra. July 30, 1695, as her 3d husband, Thomas Brigham, whose first wife was Mary Rice. \John, b. Nov. 30, 1669; ra. Elizabeth WeUington. David, b. ; d. Aug. 2, 1676. ]Samuel, b. Oct. 11, 1673 : m. May 16, 1099, Tabitha Ward. Man/, b. Feb. 10, 1675 ; ra. March 26, 1696, Jonathan Brighara. Wavid, b. AprU 23, 1079 ; m. May 1, 1699, Sarah Larkin. j Gershom, b. Oct. 19, 168 1 ; m. Mary Brigham. Ruth, b. July, 1684 ; m. June 28, 1706, Increase Ward. Deliverance, b. Oct. 7, 1686 ; ra. Feb. 20, 1706, Benjamin Shattuck. John Fay m. EUzabeth WeUington. She d. and he m. 2d, Dec. 16, 1729, Levinah Brigham, who survived hira. He settled in that part of Mari. which is now Westborough. After the incorporation of that town, he became one of their most prominent citizens, and filled their principal town offices. He d. Jan. 5, 1747, and she d. March 8, 1749. They had ten children,— the four eldest only are recorded in Marl. 360 2-10 II12131415 161718 19 1-4- 4-20 2122232425 26 1-6- 6-27 28 29 30 313233343536 37 38 1-7- 7-39 4041 42 43 44 45 Bathsheba, b. Jan. 1, 1693. Eunice, b. June 2, 1696; m. April 17, 1721, Isaac Pratt. Many, b. Sept. 29, 1698 ; d. Nov. 20, 1704. John, b. Dec. 5, 1700 ; m. AprU 17, 1721, Hannah ChUd. Lydia, b. 1702. Dinah, b. Sept. 5, 1705 ; m. 1722, David Goodnow. James, b. Dec. 27, 1707 ; m. 1727, Lydia ChUd, of Wat. Mehitabel, b. 1710. Benjamin, b. Aug. 5, I7I2 ; m. Martha . Stephen, b. May 5, 1715 ; m. Ruth Child. Samuel Fay ra. May 16, 1699, Tabitha Ward, dau. of Increase and Record Ward, b. May 16, 1675. He d. previous to 1749. Two only of his children are recorded in Marl. Rebecca, b. Feb. 19, 1700 ; m. WUliam Nurse, of Shrewsbury. Tabitha, b. Aug. 14, 1702 ; m. WUliam Maury, of Brookfield. Samuel, bap. May 6, 1705 ; ra. Deliverance Shattuck, of Wat. He had 24 children — 14 by his first wife and 10 by a second. Jeduthan, b. June 7, 1707 ; m. 1739, Sarah Shattuck, of Wat. AbigaU, b. Jan. 19, 1709 ; ra. Thomas Converse, of Killingly, Ct. Ebenezer, b. April 12, 1713. Mary, b. March 28, 1720 ; d. unm. prior to 1746. David Pay m. May 1, 1699, Sarah Larkin. He settled in that part of Marl, which was set off" to Southborough. John, b. Jan. 30, 1700 ; d. Dec. 23, 1704. Joanna, b. Dec. 7, 1701 ; d. Nov. 22, 1720. Sarah, b. March 1, 1704; m. Nov. 12, 1729, Ebenezer Pike. David, b. March 25, 1707 ; d. Oct. 4, 1720. Lois, b. March II, 1709. John, b. Dec. 16, 1710 ; m. Thankful . Moses, b. Oct., 1712 ; m. Mary ; resided in South. Robert, b. July 30, 1715 ; was twice m. and had 20 children ; r. in South. Edward, b. May 16, 1717; m. Sarah ; r. in South. Aaron, b. AprU 18, 1719; was twice m. and had 20 chUdren; r. in South. Joanna, b. July 3, 1721. David, b. April 6, 1723 ; m. Jemima . He settled in that part of Leicester, which became Paxton. Gershom Fay m. Mary Brigham, dau. of John, of Sud. He was one of the first settlers in that part of Marl, which is now included in North. Without removing his habitation, he was an inhabitant of three towns in succession— Marl., West, and North. He d. Nov. 24, 1720. The heroic conduct of his wife is described in the genealogy of the Brighams. (J^r /\David, b. i^^ ; m. AbigaU Eliot. ^ 19 Elizabeth, b. Sarah, b. . /t^^" /i'i 370 5-16- 16-21 22 23 5-17- 17-24 25262728293031 32 5-18- 16-22- 22-33 343536 37 3839 40 41 42 434445 ^ John Goodale m. Sept 8, 1703, Elizabeth Witt, who d. July 29, 1738, and he m. 2d, Elizabeth . He d. May II, 1752, in his 73d year, and his widow survived him only 17 days, and d. in her 65th year. He came to Marl, about 1702. His will, dated 1751, mentions wife Elizabeth, dau. Elizabeth, son Nathan, and children of son Solomon, late of Brookfield. . , , o \ , j u Solomon, b. May 24, 1707 ; m. Anna h±±, and moved to Brookfield, where he d. 1750. '[JsTatlmn, b. June 10, 1709 ; m. Persis Whitney. rj . Elizabeth, b. Aug. 29, I7I5 ; ra. 1733, Joseph Goodale. yitn^ C^n^Ju^ ^ Benjamin Goodale ra. Hannah -W^ His will, dated Feb. 26,"" and proved AprU 15, 1754, raakes ncKmention of his wife, who prob ably d. before that time ; but mentions sons Phinehas, Edward, and Benjamin, the last of whom he appoints Executor ; and dau. Ruth Gary, and Sarah Gary, and chUdren of dau. Elizabeth Harthorn, deceased. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 26, 171 1 ; m. April 30, 1730, Ebenezer Harthorn. Phinehas, b. May I, 1713 ; m. 1733, Rebecca Bruce, of Woburn. Edward, b. May 23, 1715 ; m. Sarah , and r. in Shrewsbury. Hannah, b. May 3, 1717 ; m. John Tainter. Mary, b. April 30, 1719 ; m. Josiah Howe. Ruth, b. July 10, 1721 ; m. April 16, 1741, Joseph Gary, Princeton. Benjamin, b. May 7, 1723 ; d. young. Sarah, b. July I, 1726 ; m. Aaron Gary, Princeton. Benjamin, b. Oct. 7, l728. David Goodale ra. Abigail Elliot, and had AbigaU, b. 1714 ; David, b. 1716. This latter David is probably the David Goodale of Mari., who m. Dec. 17, 1748, Elizabeth Brighara. This is all I learn of the family. She d. Juiie 20, 1798. '¦i Nathan Goodale m. Persis Whitney, dau. of Benjamin and Sarah (Barrett) Whitney, of Marl. He d. Jan. 14, 1780, known as the " hard winter," and such was the depth of snow, that his remains were drawn to the grave-yard on a hand-sled by men on rackets, though the yard was several miles distant from his residence. 'r JVathan, b, March 14, 1737 ; ra. Dinah Weeks. Timothy, b. Jan. 20, 1739; d. Feb. 11, 1739. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 25, 1740 ; ra. Oct 15, 1760, Josiah Winn. Sarah, b. Aug. 15, 1742 ; m. 1761, Josiah Ward, and moved to Hen niker, N. H. Solomon, b. Sept. 19, 1744; ra. Sept 17, 1766, Mehitabel Burnap, who d., and he m. Persis BaUey. They resided first in Athol, and afterwards in Wardsboro', Vt, where he d. 1815. Persis, b. Nov. 7, 1745. JV^^JC^ David, b. Aug. 14, 1749 ; perhaps m. Dorothy ,^nd moved to Shrews. Miriam, b. July 14, 1751 ; m. AprU 15, 1772, Efeha Allen, and d. 1843. Lucy, b. July 3, 1753; m. Nov. 5, 1770, Otis Howe, and d. 1843. '[Abner, b. Aug. 22, 1755 ; m. June 16, 1779, Molly Howe. Timothy, b. Oct 18, 1757 ; d. 1776 in the Army. Levina, b. Nov. 22, 17,59. Job, b. Aug. 20, 1762; m. 1794, Lydia Foote. He settled in Ber- nardston, where he d. Oct 25, 1833. He was a Judge of the old Court of Sessions, and a prominent man in that County. He left a bequest to the Orthodox Society in Marl, of about $1,600, towards the support of an " Orthodox minister of the Gospel." JJya^^ C>^ythcc^ 371 22—33 33-46 47 22-42- 42-48 4950 51 52 5354 55 5657 33-46- 33-47- Nathan Goodale in. Dinah Weeks, dau. of John and Dinah. He d. Sept 10, 1762, and she m. Jotham Sawyer, of Sterling. They moved to Templeton, where they both d. \ William, b. July 9, 1757 ; m. Phebe Newton. jJoel, b. Aug. I'2, 1760 ; resided at Coleraine. Abner Goodale ra. June 16, 1779, Molly Howe, dau. of Eliakim and Rebecca, b. Sept 28, 1757. She d. Nov. 15, 1818. He d. May 16, 1823, aged 68. He was in Capt. Gates's company, and turned out on the I9th of April, 1775, and was in the campaign at White Plains. He served his townsmen in the various offices of constable, assessor, &c. &c. He was also deacon of the church. JVathaJ^b. AprU 17, 1780 ; m. May 22, 1805, Betsey Hunter. He d. Oct. 12, 1843. She d. Jan. 13, 1851. He was engaged many win ters, as a school teacher. He had John, b. April 4, 1806 ; Mary, b. Nov. 18, 1807 ; William, b. Feb. 16, 1810 ; JVathan M., b. June 7, 1813 ; Betsey H., b. Feb. 5,- 1816 ; Henry T., b. March 20, 1824. Polly! I ^' ^'^'" ^^' ^^^^ ' \ m. Jan. 19, I8I0, Isaac Stratton. Tinwthy, b. Sept. 3, 1784; m. 1810, Polly Stratton. H^ resided in Jamaica, Vt., where he was a Deacon, and represented the town in the Legislature. He d. April 18, 1856. Betsey, b. June 17, 1787 ; m. Sept. 17, I8II, Silas Moseman. William, b. Feb. 22, 1789. David, b. April 1, 1791 ; m. March 15, 1819, MUlicent Warren, dau. of "Thaddeus and Lucy Warren. He was engaged in early life as school teacher. He was a man of decided talents, energetic in character, and prominent both in the church and in the town. He held the office of Deacon, and filled from time to time the principal offices in the town. He was a Representative in the General Court, and a Justice of the Peace. He d. Oct. 17, 1858; and she d. 1861. They had Lucy T., h. Aug. 8, 1821 ; David B., b. Oct 13, 1822 ; Warren, b. July 2, 1826; Mary H.,b. Nov. 12, 1829; Charles, b. June 14, 1832; Harriet W., b. March 23, 1836. Persis, b. Feb. 5, 1793 ; ra. Aug. 30, 1819, John L. Parkhurst. Lydia,), ^ . nq i7qc:.S Lucy, \ "• ^'^^' ¦^•'' ^'»»' ^ m. Oct II, 1819, Rev. Asa Thurston. William Goodale ra. Phebe Newton, and resided in Templeton, had eight chUdren, of which Rev. WUliam Goodell, D. dD., mission ary to Constantinople was one. William Goodale was in..gervice dur ing a great part of the Revolution. Joel Goodale resided at Coleraine. eccentricities. He was a man noted for his There were other Goodales in Marl., whose lineage we have not traced ; but who undoubtedly sprang from the same parent stock. «y»E7iffB Goodale m. 1733, Rebecca Witt Mary Witt in 1754, was guardian of Rebecca Goodale, seven years old, a child of Eben-g •ezer.- Ebenezer may have been a descendant of No. 15, in this table, through Abraham and Hannah Goodale, of Lynn. Joseph Goodale of Marl., m. 1733, Elizabeth Goodale, perhaps dau. of John and Elizabeth (Witt) Goodale. This was probably the 372 1- 2 3456 7 1-7- 7- 10II12 7-11- 11-13 1415 16 Joseph Goodale of Marl., who entered into the service in the French war in 1760, where he d. His will mentions wife Susanna (2d wife) and children, Susanna, Joseph, and Martha, all under 14 years of age. Enos Goodale m. 1736, Mary Angier, and had in Marl. Sarah, b. 1737 ; Ebenezer, b. 1739; and Mary, b. 1741. He moved to Shrews bury, where he had other chUdren. Jonathan Goodale of Marl., made his will in 1758, in which he says, he is going into the expedition against Canada. He must have d. soon after, for his will was proved in 1759. It mentions sons, Jbn- athan and John, and wife Keturah, who the sarae year is put by the selectmen, under the guardianship of Josiah Wilkins, as a person non compos. Thomas Goodale, by wife Mary, had in Marl., Rebecca, b. 1741. Perhaps the Thomas who was in Southboro' in 1749. This name is spelt in the early records Gooddel, Goodell, Goodall and Goodeal ; but is now generally spelt Goodale. THE GOODENOW FAMILY. This name was common in Sud. from the first. Edward, John, and Thomas, supposed to be brothers, were made freemen there in 1040, 1641, and 1643, respectively. Thomas Goodenow was a proprietor of Sud. 1638. He m. Ist, Jane, by whom he had his children, and 2d, Joanna. His wUI, proved 1664, names his brother Edmund, and John Ruddocke. He petitioned for Marl. 1656, was there at the incorporation, and was one of the selectmen in 1661, '62 and '64. His house lot was bounded on the north and west by a highway, on the south by the house lot of Joseph Rice, on the eastward by the Indian Hill, or line of the Indian Plant ing Field. The record of the family is incomplete. Thomas, b. in Sud. ; d. in Marl. Oct. 5, 1663. Man/, b. in Sud. Aug. 25, 1640. Abigail, born March 11, 1642 ; m. Thomas Barnes, of Marl. Susanna, b. Feb. 20, 1643 ; d. young. Sarah, b. Jan. 20, 1644; d. 1654. 'iSamuel, b. Feb. 28, 1046 ; m. Mary . Susanna, b. Dec. 21, 1647. Samuel Goodenow m. Mary y . He d. 1722, aged 76. His house was a garrison house in 1711, and was on the old road to North., and in what now constitutes a part of that town. Tlwmas, b. 1671. Mary, b. Dec. 15, 1673 ; kUled and scalped by the Indians, 1707. jSamuel, b. Nov. 30, 1675 ; ra. Sarah . \David, b. May 12, 1678. Samuel Goodenow ra. Sarah . He d. about 1720. He and his family fell, in the division of the town, within Westboro', and hence Marlborough records do not contain a full account of the famUy. \David, b. Feb. 26, 1704 ; m. Martha- Banister. . O^U - ' \Jonathan, b. July 16, 1706 ; ra. Feb. 20, 1727, Lydia Rice. Thomas, b. May 18, 1709 ; m. April 7, 1734, Persis Rice. Many, b. AprU 5, 1712. f-l^ 373 ji^^ 12-17 '¦''*'^*v«-Goodenow m. Martha Banister, Dec. 29, 1746. 13-18 19 202123 25 11-14- 14-27 2829 1- 2 David Goodenow m. Dinah Fay, Nov. 8, 1722. He moved to Shrewsbury, where he had, a second wife, and several children. Samuel, b. Nov. 26, 1723. /O-iA, Sybil, b. May 31, 1747 ; m. Feb. 9, 1765, Richard Roberts, of Bolton. Lovina,b. Feb. 19, 1749. John, b. Dec. 1, 1751 ; m. Aug. 19, 1772, Phebe Sanders. , Stephen, b. April 29, 1753. 22 Adina, b. July 15, 1755. ^ Mary, b. March 18, 1757. 24 Martha, b. April 22, 1759. ''^¦ Calvin, b. Feb. 15, 1762. 26 Ebenezer, b. July 13, 1765. Jonathan Goodenow m. Feb. 20, 1727, Lydia Rice. She d. Dec. 4, 1747. He d. Sept.'25, 1803 ? Surviah, b. June 10, 1742. Tabitlm, b. June 27, 1744 ; ra. April 10, 1761, Zebadiah Wallis. Submit, b. Dec. 3, 1747 ; d. March 26, 1748. The Goodenaws, living in Sud., West, and North., intermarried with the Marlborough families, and probably in many instances going out of town, render it difficult to trace them, without having recourse to the records of the neighboring towns. THE GOTT FAMILY. Dr. Benjamin Gott carae to Marl, about 1725, and m. Sarah Breck, dau. of Rev. Robert Breck, Feb. 4, 1728. She d. AprU 11, 1740, in her 29th year, and he ra. Oct 5, 1740, Lydia Ward, of Boston. He d. July 25, 1751, in his 46th year. Sarah, b. March 21, 1729 ; ra. July 12, 1750, Uriah Brigham. Anna, b. Jan. 8, 1731 ; m. Jan. 9, 1752, Sarauel Brigham, Jr. Rebecca, b. Dec. 27, 1732. Benjamin, b. Aug. 29, 1734 ; he was a physician, and d. at Brookfield, Dec. 5, 1760. Elizabeth, b. Oct. 19, 1736. John, b. May 4, 1739 ; d. Feb. 13, 1740. Martha, b. Sept II, 1741 ; d. June 12, 1756. GORE.— Richard Gore, by wife Sarah, had Daniel, b. July 5, 1721; Tabitha, b. AprU 13, 1723; John, b. Dec. 31, 1725, d. 1748; JVehemiah, b. Sept. 20, 1727. GOULD.— Benjamin Gould, by wife AbigaU, had Mary, b. Sept 10, 1793 ; Elizabeth, b. June 27, 1795. GREEN.— John Green, by wife Anna, had Phebe, b. 1706. Thomas Green, by wife Mary, had Mary, b. Jan. 5, 1720. THE HAGER FAMLLY. William Hager, of Watertown, m. 1645, and had 10 children b. there, and among them two sons, Samuel and William. WiLLLiAM Hager, b. Feb. 12, 1659 ; ra. March 30, 1687, Sarah Benjamin, by whom he had 8 children. His fourth son was 48 374 2- 3 3- 4 5 6 7 3-4- 9 101213141516 3-6- 6-17 18 19 20 21 4-8- 6-20- 20-22 232425 26 27 29 31 Ebenezer Hager, b. August 13, 1698 ; m. in Wat, Feb. 23, 1726, Lydia Barnard. He went first to Marl., then to Framingham, where some of his chUdren were probably born, then returned to Marl. She d. Feb. 4, 1783. '(Ebenezer, b. in Fram., March 16, 1728 ; ra. AbigaU Stow. Lydia, b. March 4, 1730, lived in Vt \ WUliam, b. April 21, 1733 ; ra. Sarah Stow. Thaddeus, b. in Marl. June 3, 1741 ; m. Lois Sawyer, of Bolton, and resided in Pram. Ebenezer Hager m. Dec. 26, 1753, Abigail Stow, dau. of John and Elizabeth, b. Aug. 7, 1734. She d. Sept 25, 1823, aged 89. He d. Dec. 19, 1798. '[Joel, b. AprU 14, 1754 ; ra. Lucy Barnes. Ashbel, b. March 29, 1756 ; d. Aug. 7, 1768. Elizabeth, b. March 29, 1758. 11 JVancy, b. March I, 1761. Lovice, b. Sept 5, 1763 ; m. 1800, Amos Darling. Vinal, b. Jan. 1, 1766; d. Aug. 20, 1768. Miriam, b. Oct 13, 1768; d. unm. 1825. AbigaU, b. April 12, I77I ; m. I79I, Winslow Arnold. Cate, b. March 15, 1774. William Hager m. Sarah Stow, dau. of John and Elizabeth, Feb. 12,1761. She d. Dec. 17, 1804. He d. Jan. 9, 1811, aged 78. Ephraim, b. Feb. 16, 1764; ra. 1689, Lucy Fairbanks, of Pram. Lydia, b. April 22, 1766; ra. Thomas Nixon. Eder, b. AprU 30, 1772. \WUliam, b. Sept. 14, 1774; m. 1803, Nancy Parminter. Martin, b. Dec. I, 1778 ; m. 1806, Hannah Farewell. Joel Hager ra. 1st, 1777, Hannah Morse, and 2d, Sept. 21, 1784, Lucy Barnes, and had in Marl., Phebe, b. Dec. II, 1777, who m. 1801, Reuben Ames. William Hager m. Nancy Parminter. She d. May 24, 1828, aged 48. Lijdia, b. Aug. 15, 1804 ; d. Nov. 3, 1817. Harriet, b. June 5, 1806; m. Dec. 27, 1828, Daniel W. Moore. WiUiam, b. Feb. 29, 1808. JVancy, b. AprU 17, 1809; ra. June 2, 1831, John Weeks. Sally, b. May 18, I8I1 ; m. Sept 20, 1832, William Moore. Susan, b. AprU 6, 1813. 28 Martin, b. May 30, 1814 ; d. young. Caroline, b. July 5, 1816. 30 Martin, b. Oct. 21, 1818. Phebe, b. Jan. 8, 1820. HAGGIT.— Thomas Haggit m. April 7, 1713, Lydia Maynard, and had Lydia, b. J 714 ; Johanna, b. 1716. HALE. — Jonathan Hale, by wife Martha, had Elizabeth, b. Feb. 25, 1735. Joseph Hale, by wife Lucy, had Dorothy, b. AprU, 9, 1760. Oliver Hale, by wife Dorcas, had Betsey, b. July 10, 1779. 375 HALL.— Thomas Hall, by wife AbigaU, had Abigail, b. Oct. 5, 1711; John, b. July 6, 1714; Thomas, b. July 6, 1716; David, b. Aug. 8, 1718. Miles Hall, by wife Eunice, had Joseph, b. Dec. 1, 1721. Phinehas Hall, by wife Mary, had Joseph, b. June 8, 1818; Zerviah, b. Sept 15, 1802; Sally, b. Feb. 10, 1805; Georg-e M., b. Sept 4, 1807; Mary Annette, b. Sept 9, 1811. THE HAPGOOD FAMILY. The Hapgoods were in Marl, before the close of the 17th century, and have been somewhat numerous in town. This family can be easily traced to the first emigrant. Shadrach Hapgood, aged 14 years, embarked at Gravesend, Eng., May 30, 1656, in the Speedwell, Robert Locke, master, and settled in Sudbury, where he m. Oct 2 1, 1664, Elizabeth Treadway. Immedi ately before the breaking out of Philip's war in 167,5, the Indians near Quaboag, now Brookfield, manifested a disposition to treat with the English, and Capt. Hutchinson, of Boston, and Capt Wheeler, of Concord, with a small party of men, among whom was Shadrach Hap good, were sent to treat with thera. Three of the Sachems proraised an interview on the 2d of August, 1675, at the head of Wickaboag Pond. The English repaired to the spot, agreeably to the appoint ment, but the Indians were not there. On proceeding further, the Indians, who had treacherously ambushed their path, fired upon thera, killing or mortally wounding eight of their number. Hapgood, then of Sudbury, was among the slain. JVathaniel,b. Oct. 21, 1665; m. Sept 6, 1695, Elizabeth Ward, of Marl., and settled in Stow. Many, b. Nov. 2, 1667. \Thomm, b. Oct I, 1669; m. Judith . He probably had two other children. . Thomas Hapgood m. Judith , and settled in Marl. We find him in town, 1695, acting for Edmund Rice, in relation to the Indian lands. He settled in the north-easterly part of the town, on what was afterwards known as the Col. Wesson or Spurr place. He d. Oct. 4, 1764, aged 95, and she d. Aug. 15, 1759. An English publication had this notice of his death: — "Died at Marlborough, New England, in the 95th year of his age, Mr. Thomas Hapgood. His posterity were very numerous ; viz., 9 children ; 92 grand-children ; 208 great grand-chUdren ; and 4 great-great grand chUdren— in all, 313. His grand-children saw their grand-children, and their grand-father at the sarae time." Many, b. Oct 6, 1694 : m. Nov. 8, 1717, John Wheeler. Sarah, b. Feb. 10, 1696 ; d. 1698. Judith, b. 1698; m. July 6, 1721, Eleazer Taylor. Elizabeth, b. Oct. 4, 1699; m. Nov. 28, 1717, William Taylor. Thomas, b. AprU 18, 1702; he settled in Shrewsbury, where he m. Aug. 12, 1724, Damaris Hutchins, of Mari., and had a numerous family, who settled in Shrewsbury, Petersham, and other towns in Worcester County— some of whom became quite distinguished. Hepzibeth, b. June 27, 1704. \John, b. June 9, 1707; m. Feb. 17, 1731, AbigaU Morse. Huldali, b. Feb. 10, 1709. \Joseph, b. Oct. 2, 1714; m. Mary Brooks, of Concord. 376 4-11- 11-14 1516 17 18 19 20 21 22 2324 4-13- 13-25 26 272829 30 11-22- 22-31 323334 353637 38 11-24- 24-39 4041 42 4344 454647 48 John Hapgood m. Feb. 17, 1731, AbigaU Morse, dau. of Jonathan and Mary (Stow) Morse. He was one of the Alarm List attached tn Capt. Weeks's Company in 1757, when threatened by the French and Indians. He d. May 26, 1762, aged 55. She d. March 31, 1798. Jonathan, b. Feb. 12, 1732 ; d. Dec. 4, 1736. David, b. July 4, 1734 ; d. Jan. 5, 1737. Abigail, b. Jan. 16, 1737 ; d. Aug. 9, 1739. Mary, b. June 4, 1740; m. Nov. 24, 1757, Charies Brooks. Judith, b. Nov. 8, 1742 ; m. May 2, 1764, Solomon Barnes. Hezadiah, b. July 7, 1745; m. May 20, 1766, John Nurse. Persis, b. July 19, 1748; d. Nov. 10, 1748. Hepzibeth, b. June 5, 1749; m. May 30, 1769, Jonas Howe. \John, b. Oct. 8, 1752 ; ra. Jan. 5, 1775, Lois Stevens. Abigail, b. Aug. 13, 1755 ; m. Sept. 15, 1772, Thomas Rice. ^Jonathan, b. May 16, 1759; m. May 6, 1783, Jerusha Gibbs. Joseph Hapgood m. April 26, 1739, Mary Brooks, of Concord. She d. Sept. 1807, at the advanced age of 92. He d. June 5, 1767. Abigail, b. Oct 12, 1741 ; d. Dec. 9, 1746. Thomas, b. Aug. 29, 1743 ; d. Dec. 16, 1745. Jonatlmn, b. Nov. 3, 1745 ; d. Dec. 7, 1746. jTlwmas, b. Nov. 13, 1747; ra. Dec. 16, 1773, Lucy Woods. \ Joseph, b. Jan. 23, 1754 ; ra. Ruth Jackson. Mary, b. Aug. 6, 1756 ; ra. June 21, 1773, Francis Howe. John Hapgood ra. June 5, 1775, Lois Stevens, who d. April 10, 1776, aged 21, leaving an infant 2 raonths old. He m. 2d, Feb. 2, 1783, Lucy Munroe, of Lincoln. He d. Feb. 10, 1835, aged 82. She d. July 25, 1835, aged 78. John, b. Feb. 9, 1776 ; m. 1799, Betsey Teraple, moved to N. H. Benjamin, b. March 9, 1783 ; m. Anna Whitman, of Stow. He was a captain in the militia. Lois, b. Oct. 20, 1785 ; m. Turner. Henry, b. Nov. 24, 1787; ra. 1809, Catharine Conant, resided in Hingham. Hannah, b. Dec. 27, 1789; m. Kentfield. Many, b. March 5, 1792 ; d. unm. Elizabeth, b. June 23, 1794 ; unm. Sarah, b. Sept 26, 1796 ; unm. Jonathan Hapgood m. May 6, 1783, Jerusha Gibbs. She d. March 2, 1842, aged 80. He d. AprU 12, 1849, aged 90. He was a deacon of the 1st church. David, b. June 1, 1783 ; m. 1st, Abigail . She d. Feb. 22, 1806, and he m. 2d, Lydia Stearns, Dec. 1806. He d. 1830. Persis, b. May I, 1785; ra. July 21, 1803, Benjamin Rice. JVathaniel, b. Sept. 14, 1787 ; m. May 22, 1808, Elizabeth Barber. He was killed instantly, Nov. 25, 1816, by the accidental discharge of a gun in the hand of a friend. Abigail, b. Feb. 4, 1790. Francis, b. Aug. 2, 1792; m. Dorcas Willis, of Sudbury. Jerusha, b. Dec. 13, 1794 ; m. . Hepzibeth, b. June 20, 1798 ; m. 1818, Moses Barnes. Moses, b. AprU 11, 1801 ; d. April 15, 1805. Ann, b. March 1, 1803 ; ra , and moved to Cape Cod. Hannah, b. Aug. 10, 1805 ; d. 1807. 377 13-28- 28-49 50 51 52 53 54 55 13-29- 29-56 5758 59 60 6162 63646566 67 1-2 2-3- 3- 45 3-4- 4- 8 9 Thomas Hapgood m. Dec. 16, 1773, Lucy Woods, dau. of James and Hepzibeth Woods. He rose to the rank of Col. in the militia. She d. 1825, aged 78. He d. Sept 14, 1822, aged 75. Aaron, b. Sept. 18, 1774 ; m. Saiah Carr, of Sudbury. Thomas, b. Aug. 24, 1776 ; m. June 27, 1803, Mary Witt. AbigaU, b. April 10, 1779 ; m. June 23, 1798, Thomas Whitney. William, b. Nov. 20, 1780 ; d. unm. James, b. Jan. 15, 1784 ; d. June 19, 1784. Asa, b. AprU 13, 1785; m. 1812, Phebe Rice, dau. of Jonah. She d. 1826, aged 37. James W., b. AprU 21, 1787; m. Oct. 26, 1814, Abigail Howe. Joseph Hapgood m. 1777, Ruth Jackson. Josiah, b. ; m. 1806, Elizabeth Maynard. JosepK, b. March 7, 1779; d. young. Mary, b. Nov. 20, 1780 ; m. 1803, Ethan Dariing. Sarah, b. March 25, 1783; m. March 23, 1806, WUliam Wesson. Joseph, b. Nov. 7, 1784 ; m. Mrs. Sukey Maynard. Jonathan, b. Dec. 26, 1786; m. Elizabeth Priest, 1813. Ruth, b. Nov. 2, 1788 ; ra. May 7, 1807, John Osborn. Isaac, b. March 8, 1791 ; m. Sept 2, 1817, AbigaU Green. Lucy, b. May 12, 1793 ; ra. 1809, Asa Bigelow. Injdia, b. July 9, 1795 ; ra. Ezekiel Davis. Caty, b. Nov. 15, 1797 ; ra. Abraham Ray. Joel, b. Sept. 20, 1801 ; d. unm. Judith, b. Oct 14. 1803; d. unm. aged 18. THE HARRINGTON FAMILY. Daniel Harrington was a proprietor of Watertown in 1043, and was made a freeman in 1663. He ra. Susanna George, and d. May 17, 1707. He had 13 chUdren. His 4th son was Daniel Harrington, b. Nov. 1, 1657 ; m. Sarah Whitney, who d. June 8, 1720, and he m. Oct. 20, 1720, Elizabeth, wid. of Capt Ben jamin Garfield, and dau. of Matthew and Anna Bridge. He had five sons, all by his first wife. His oldest son was Daniel Harrington, b. Feb. 24, 1684 ; m. Oct. 18, 1705, Eliza beth Warren. Thus far the family was confined to Watertown. But at the tune or soon after his marriage, Daniel moved to Marl., where he d. Feb. 3, 1724. \Daniel, b. Oct. 5, 1707 ; m. Mary . Isaof, b. May 6, 1709; m. Feb. 36, 1730, Miriam Eager, dau. of Ze rubbabel and Hannah (Kerly) Eager. He settled in Grafton, and his sons moved to Shrewsbury. James, b. June 20, 1711. Samuel, b. AprU 24, 1713 ; he was probably the Sarauel Harrington who m. May 28, 1737, Lydia BaU, and resided in Waltham. Daniel Harrington m. Mary . 89th year. He d Aug. 31, 1795, aged months' men in the Revolution. Daniel, b. June 16, 1734 ; d. 1758, at Fort Edward. Mary, b. Aug. 7, 1735. She died June 9, 1793, in her 88. He was one of the six 378 10 II12131415 4-13- 13-16 17 19 20212223 I I- 2356 Elizabeth, b. March 20, 1737 ; m. July 29, 1760, Winslow Brigham. Sarah, b. May 16, 1739; ra. Oct 21, 1762, Abner Howe. Margaret, b. May 18, 1741. \Jolm, b. Nov. 25, 1743 ; ra. Lydia Mixer. Samuel, b. Dec. I, 1745; d. AprU 12, 1800. .' Jonah, b. June 17, 1748. John Harrington m. April 7, 1768, Lydia Mixer. He d. March 13, 1824, aged 79. She d. May 22, 1820. Daniel, b. Nov. 21, 1768. Lydia, b. Sept. 7, 1770. 18 Lucy, b. Dec. 28, 1772. Levina, b. Jan. 14, 1775 ; m. Jan. 18, 1801, Edmund Fay. Elizabeth, b. June 3, 1777. Phebe, b. Aug. 18, 1779 ; m. Jan. 12, 1803, Josiah Howe. John, b. Sept. 26, 1782. William, b. June 20, 1784 ; ra. Hannah . David Harrington, brother of Daniel, (No. 3, in this table,) by wife Mary, who d. April 18, 1747, had 7 children, whose births are recorded in Mari. He d. Feb. 16, 1756. David, b. July 26, 1719 ; d. 1795. 3 Mmy, b. July 12, 1721. Caleb, b. April 3, 1723 ; ra. Nov. 14, 1751, Hepzibah Hayden, of Sud. Jacob, b. Feb. 10, 1725. Sarah, b. April 6, 1727 ; m. April 23, 1752, John MUls. .Tason, b. May 13, 1729 ; probably settled in Rutland. JVathan, b. Aug. 8, 1731 ; d. Jan. 22, 1750. THE HARTHORN FAMILY. There were several persons by the name of Hartlwm in Marl., whose genealogy I cannot accurately trace. They probably came from Lynn. JVathaniel Harthorn, of Lynn, had a son Ebenezer, who m. 1683, Esther Witt, probably a dau. of Jonathan and Mary Witt, b. 1665. Nathaniel Harthorn also had a son, JVathaniel, b. in Lynn. From the family names of JVathaniel and Ebenezer, and from the fact that Ebenezer Harthorn m. a dau. of Jonathan Witt, and that the names of Harthorn and Witt appear in Marl, about the same time, and that Nathaniel and Martha Harthorn, and Martha Witt, dau. of Thomas Witt, were offered in baptism, on the same day, Aug. II, 1723, we have no great doubt but that the Harthorns were from Lynn, as well as the Witts. Yet their record in Marl, is so imperfect that they cannot be traced with certainty. This name is spelt Harthron, as frequently as Harthorn— a tranposition of the o an'd r ; and some times with an a, dropping the r — Harthan. Nathaniel Harthorn m. Martha , and had two or three children. She d., and he ra. 1728, Sarah Stevens, probably of Stow. He resided on the place now occupied by the town as the Pauper Establishment. A part of the Harthorn house is now standing. JVathaniel, bap. Aug. II, 1723 ; d. young. Martlm, bap. Aug. 11, 1723. 4 JVatlmniel, b. Dec. 23, 1726. \Ebenezer, b. June 30, 1734 ; m. May 6, 1757, Rhoda Howe. Mary, b. , 1736 ; m. Nov. 5, 1754, Amasa Cranston. 379 Deliverance, b. ; m. March 1, 1764, John Cutler, of Shrewsbury, where they resided. When she was an infant of but a few days' old, her father's house was burned down, and her mother with three young children were rescued from the flames, and the infant and her mother were laid upon a bed in the open field. Prom this prov idential rescue, the infant was named Deliverance. Ebenezer Harthorn ra. May 6, 17.57, Rhoda Howe, dau. of Peter and Grace Howe. He was in the French war. He probably went to Henniker, N. H., where he and his wife d. John, b. Aug. 29, 1758. JVatlmniel, b. June 10, 1762. Abner, b. March 28, 1767 9 Sarah, b. June 4, 1760. 11 Many, b. Nov. 10, 1704. Ebenezer Harthorn m. 1730, Elizabeth Goodale, dau. of Ben jamin Goodale. He was probably brother to Nathaniel, (No. I in the above table.) He Lucy, b. Feb. 28, 1730. SUas, b. Dec. 22, 1732 ; he was in the French war, 1759. Micah, b. March 31, l735 ; he was in the French war in 1757. afterwards resided in Shrewsbury. Solomon, b. Feb. 24, 1738 ; m. I76I, Mary Gates, and had Eber, b. April 8, 1763 ; Eunice, b. April 1, 1765. HAYDEN. — There were several families of Haydens in Marl. They may have come from Sudbury. Daniel Hayden, by wife Sarah, had Martha, b. 1706 ; Persis, b. 1768; Josiah, b. Dec. 4. 1770; m. Pariziali Newton; Daniel, b. Feb. 24, 1773, m. 1801, Rebecca Winch ; Dorothy, b. Feb. 4, 1775; Sally, b. 1777 ; Abigail and Levina, twins, b. 1779. Levina m. 1802, Tim othy Sawin. Nahum Hayden, by wife Lois, had Jesse, b. April 30, 1775 ; Arte mas, b. Aug. 20, 178 1 ; William, b. Aug. 10, 1786; Lois, b. July 12, 1788. Nahum carae from Framingham. He d. Dec. 4, 1828. There is no connected record of the Haydens, though the name appears frequently upon the Books. Deacon Isaac Hayden, a prominent citizen in town at the present day, is of a different faraily, and came to Marl, since 1800. HEMENWAY. — Joshua Hemenway, by wife Margaret, had Benoni, b. April 22, 1694. Daniel Hemenway, by wife Ruth, had SUas, b. April 6, 1744. HINDS.— Jacob Hinds ra. Dec. 6, 1716, Grace Morse, and had TabUha, b. I7I8 ; Sarah, b. 1719 ; Abigail, b. 1720 ; Daniel, b. June 21, 1722 ; Joseph, b. Jan. 20, 1724. He raoved to Shrewsbury, where he had otJier children. HOLDEN.— Abel Holden, frora Sudbury, by wife Thankful, had Tlmnkful, b. 1783 ; WUliam, b. 1785 ; Asa, b. 1787 ; and Jonas, b. 1789. Abel Holden was capt and selectman in Mari. 380 - 24579 1011 I^- HOLLAND. — John Holland, son of Samuel and Mary, of Marl., ra. Elizabeth, and had Samuel, b. July 9, 1721. Jonas Holland, by wife Bathsheba, had Ivoiy, b. Dec. 27, 1739. THE HOLYOKE FAMILY. Edward Holyoke was in Lynn, 1630; about 1649, he moved to Springfield, in which place and vicinity, the name has been somewhat common. Several of the name have been prominent. From this stock the Marl, family undoubtedly descended. The name Elizur has been common in the family. Elizur Holyoke, of Marl., m. Feb. 15, 1775, Sarah Gates, dau. of Silas and Elizabeth Gates, b. Aug. 9, 1754. She d. AprU 14, 1830. He marched with Capt. Daniel Barnes to Cambridge, on the 19th of April, 1775, and afterwards entered the regular service. Lydia, b. Feb. 22, 1775. 3 Richard, b. Jan. 8, 1777. WiUiam, b. Feb. 23, 1779 ; m. April 8, 1805, Rebecca Howe. Mary, b. March 13, 1781. 6 Elizabeth, b. Feb. 18, 1783. Sarah S., b. Feb. 13, 1785. 8 Susanna, b. March 7, 1787. Martin, b. Aug. 10, 1789. Jacob, b. Dec. 4, 1791 ; m. 1823, Lydia Howe. He had 7 chUdren, and. d. Nov. 7, 1853. Elizur, b. Jan. 26, 1794 ; m. April 1, 1824, Martha Howe. William Holyoke m. AprU 8, 1805, Rebecca Howe, of Sud. She d. 1840. He was a Capt. in the Militia. They had William F, b. Oct. 10, 1805, ra. 1829, Mrs. Lydia Fel ton; Edward, b. Oct 22, 1808; John, b. Oct 13, 1810; Freeman, b. Aug. 18, 1818 ; Sarali E., b. 1822, d. 1824 ; Sarah A., b. 1824; Susan E., b. 1827. HORN. — Robert and Elizabeth (Maynard) Horn had Robert, b. Aug. 6, 1726. Robert, Jr. went to the South, where he m. and had a family. HOSMER. — James Hosmer, by wife Elizabeth, had Elizabeth, b. 1689 ; James, b. Feb. 26, 1691 ; Urian, b. Aug., 1093 ; Zeruiah, b. Oct., 1695 ; Jesseniah, b. March, 1698 ; Hannah, b. March, 1700 ; Manasseh, b. Aug., 1702; Ephraim, b. Aug., 1704; Martha, b. 1706. THE HOWE FAMILY. The Howes were among the very first settlers of Marl., and have been, in every period of her history, one of the most numerous families — furnishing vast numbers of emigrants for other and more western towns. John Howe, of Sud., was one of the petitioners in 1657, for the grant which constituted Marl. He was the son of John Howe, sup posed to be the John Howe, Esq., who came from Warwickshire in Eng., and who was a descendant of John Howe, himself the son of John of Hodinhull, and connected with tho family of Sir Charles Howe of Lancaster, in the reign of Charles I. 381 John Howe resided first perhaps at Wat., and afterwards at Sud., where he was in 1639. He was admitted freeman in 1640. He d. at Marl. 1687, and his wife Mary d. about the same tirae. In 1642 he was selectraan in Sud., and in 1655 was appointed by the pastor and selectmen " to see to the restraining of youth on the Lord's day." According to tradition, he was the first white inhabitant who settled on the new grant. He came to Marl, about 1657,' and built him a cabin a little to the east of the Indian Planting Field, where his descendants lived for many generations. His place was situated some 100 rods from Spring Hill Meeting House, a little to the east of the present road from Spring HUl to Feltonville — recently occupied by the late Edward Rice. His proximity to the Indian Plantation brought him in direct contact with the natives ; but by his kindness, he gained the confidence and good will of his savage neighbors, who accordingly, not only respected his rights, but in many cases made him the umpire in cases of difficulties among themselves. In a case where a pumpkin vine sprang up within the premises of one Indian, and the fruit ripened upon the premises of another, the dispute which arose between them as to the ownership of the pumpkin, was referred to him ; and inspired with the wisdom of a second Solomon, he called for a knife, and severed the fruit, giving a moiety to each. This struck the parties as the perfection of justice, and fixed the impar tiality of the judge on an imrautable basis. Nor was a sense of his justice and impartiality confided in by the Indians alone. When in 1662, Thomas Danforth, Esq., made a de mand upon the Colony for a further compensation for his services, the Court ordered that he " shall have granted him so much land as old Goodman Rice and Goodman Howe, of Marlborough, shall judge to be worth ten pounds ; and they are irapowered to bound the sarae to him." John Howe opened the first public house in the place. About 1670, we find his petition for a renewal of his license, and he speaks as though he had been some time engaged in the business. The descendants of John Howe were very numerous ; though a portion of the Howes of Marl, were of another faraily. John Howe's wUl, proved 1689, mentions wife Mary, sons Samuel, Isaac, Josiah, Thomas, and Eleazer, and dau. Sarah Ward, Mary Wetherby, and John Howe, Jr., a son of son John, deceased. His property was in ventoried at £511. He gave Thomas " the horse he troops on." \John, b. 1640 ; m. Jan. 22, 1662, Elizabeth . He was killed by the Indians. Samuel, b. Oct 20, 1642; ra. June 5, 1663, Martha Bent, in Sud., where he resided and had a numerous family, some of whom were afterwards in Marl. Sarah, b. Sept. 25, 1644 ; m. June, 1667, Samuel Ward. Mary, b. June 18, 1646 ; d. young. \Isaac, b. Aug. 8, 1648 ; m. June 17, 1671, Prances Woods. \josiah, b. ; m. March 18, I67I, Mary Haynes, of Sud. Maiy, b. June 18, 1654 ; m. Sept. 18, 1672, John Wetherby. \Thomas, b. June 12, 1656 ; m. 1st, Sarah Hosmer, and 2d, Mrs. Mary Baron. Daniel, b. June 3, 1658 ; d. 1661. Alexander, b. Dec. 29, 1661 ; d. the January foUowing. \Eleazer, b. Jan. 18, 1662; m. 1683, Hannah Howe, dau. of Abra ham. John Howe m. Jan 23, 1662, Elizabeth . He resided in Marl., where the births of three of his children are recorded. He probably 49 382 2-13 14 15 1-6- 6-16 1819 20 21 22 23 1-7- 7-24 262728 1-9- had other chUdren born earlier. He was killed by the Indians in Sudbury, April 20, 1676. The Probate Records say his "housings destroyed by the Indians." f Jo/m, b. Sept 9, 1671 ; m. Rebecca . David, b. AprU 9, 1674 ; d. the same year. Elizabeth, b. July 16, 1675; m. June 23, 1699, Thomas Keyes. In 1692 she was in Lancaster at the house of Peter Joslin, who mar ried her sister, when the Indians attacked the house, murdered the faraily, and carried her into captivity, where she remained three or four years, when she was ransomed by the Government, and restored to her friends. When she was captured, she was about to be mar ried ; her intended, considering her lost to him forever, resolved never to marry ; but on her return repented of his folly. They moved to Shrewsbury, where he d. 1742. She d. Aug. 18, 1764, aged 89. It is said tliat she never fully recovered from the fright of her capture. Isaac Howe m. Jan 17, I67I, Prances Woods. She d. May 14, 1718, and he m. Dec. 2, 1718, Susanna Sibley, of Sutton. He d. Dec. 9, 1724, aged 77. By his wUl, dated June 20, 1723, he gave his homestead to his son John. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 17, 1673. 17 Sarah b. Jan. 28, 1675. Many, b. Feb. 13, 1677 ; m. 1706, Jonathan Wilder. John, b. Oct. 1680 ; d. in early infancy. jJohn, b. Sept. 16, 1682 ; m. Nov. 3, 1703, Deliverance Rice, of Sud. Bethiah, b. Aug. 24, 1684 ; ra. 1714, Benjamin Garfield. Hannah, b. June 17, 1688 ; ra. John Amsden. Tlmnkful, b. June 22, 1691 ; m. 1711, Jaraes Cady. Josiah Howe m. March 18, 1672, Mary Haynes, of Sud. His estate was settled, 1711. His widow m. John Prescott. He was in Marl. 1675, and rallied with others to defend the inhabitants at the opening of Philip's war. Mary, b. 1672 ; d. young. 25 Mary, b. May 4, 1674 ; d. young. ^Josiah, b. 1678 ; m. June 14, 1706, Sarah Bigelow. Daniel, b. May 5, 1681 ; settled in Shrewsbury. Ruth, b. Jan. 6, 1684 ; m. Bowker. Thomas Howe ra. June 8, 1681, Sarah Hosmer, who d. April 7, 1724, and he ra. Dec. 24, 1724, Mrs. Mary Baron. He d. Feb. 16, 1733, aged 77. He was a prominent citizen in town, filled the prin cipal town offices, represented the town in the General Court, rose to the rank of Col. in the mUitia, and was one of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace. He took an active part in the early Indian wars, and was in a severe action at Lancaster. Thomas Howe kept a public house in Marl., 1696 ; and as his Bond shows the spirit of the times, we will give the material portions of it, hoping it may afford some profitable hints to those who keep public houses at the present day. The bond provides that " he shall not suffer or have any playing at cards, dice, tally, bowls, nine pins, bil liards, or any other unlawful game or games in his said house, or yard, or gardens, or backside, nor shall suffer to remain in his house any person or persons, not being his own family, on Saturday night after dark, or on the Sabbath days, or during the time of God's Public Worship ; nor shall he entertain as lodgers in his house any strangers, 383 9-29 3031323334 1-12- 12-35 363738394041 42 2-13- 13-43 4445 46 47 48 49 50 515253 men or women, above the space of forty-eight hours, but such whose names and surnames, he shall deliver to some one of the selectmen or constable of the town, unless they shall be such as he very well knoweth, and wUl ensure for his or their forth coming— nor shall sell any wine to the, Indians, or negroes, nor suffer any children or servant, or other person to remain in his house, tippling or drinking after nine o'clock in the night — nor shall buy or take to preserve any stolen goods, nor willingly or knowingly harbor in his house, barn, stable, or otherwhere, any rogues, vagabonds, thieves, sturdy beggars, master- less men or women, or other notorious offenders whatsoever — nor shall any person or persons whatsoever, sell or utter any wine, beer, ale, cider, rum, brandy or other liquors by defaulting, or by color of his license— nor shall entertain any person or persons to whom he shall be prohibited by law, or by any one of the magistrates of the County, as persons of jolly conversation or given to tippling." Tabitha, b. May 29, 1684 ; m. April 2, I7I3, Jaraes Eager. \James, b. June 22, 1685 ; ra. about 1710, Margaret Gates. '[Jonathan, b. April 23, 1687; m. April 5, 1711, Lydia Brigham. Prudence, b. Aug. 27, 1689 ; m. Jan. 5, 1715, Abraham Williams. ^Thomas, b. June 16, 1692; m. Rebecca . Sarah, b. Aug. 16, 1697. Eleazer Howe ra. Hannah Howe, dau. of Abraham and Hannah (Ward) Howe. He was a man of property, and the silver mentioned in his will, shows that he abounded somewhat in an article, not cora- raon in his day. She d. June 24, 1735, aged 72; and he d. March 17, 1737, aged 75. He was honored with the command of a Company, when such a trust was committed to the most able and reliable raen. He gave by will a silver spoon to son Gershom, and a silver tankard to son Ephraim. Also a silver spoon each to dau. Martha Bartlett and Hannah Beaman. He also mentions dau. Elizabeth Witherbee. Martha, b. Sept. 4, 1686 ; m. Dec. 6, 1716, Daniel Bartlett Deborah, b. July 6, 1688 ; m. June 30, 1710, Benjamin Bailey. Hannah \ ^' ^^^^ ^' ^^^^ ' ^' "^"'^ ^'^' ^^^^' \ Gershom, b. Sept. 8, 1694 ; ra. Dec. 6, 1721, Hannah Bowker. \Ephraim, b. March 30, 1699 ; ra. Jan. 8, 1723, Elizabeth Rico. \Eleazer, b. Dec. 15, 1707 ; ra. 1732, Hepzibah Barrett. Hannah, b. ; m. May 2, 1726, Eleazer Beaman. John Howe m. Rebecca . She d. Sept 22, 1731, and he ra. June 18, 1740, Ruth Eager. His will in 1752 mentions all his chil dren. Inventory, 1754, £535. \Peter, b. May 8, 1695 ; ra. Dec. 4, 1718, Grace Bush. '[John, b. July 16, 1697; m. 1724, Thankful Bigelow. Sarah, b. July 12, 1699 ; ra. Pelatiah Rice (Father's WUl, 1752.) Ebenezer, b. May I, 1701 ; d. in the array. Rebecca, b. March 19, 1703; m. 1728, John Bigelow. Manj, b. July 24, 1705 ; d. 1724. Hannah, b. Nov. 20, 1706 ; ra. Jacob Rice. '[Seth, h. April 13, 1708 ; m. Mary Morse. Elizabeth, b. Sept 13, 1710 ; ra. July 31, 1732, Matthias Howe. Eunice, b. July 22, I7I2 ; m. John Sherman, of Grafton. Dorothy, b. Jan. 31, 1715 ; ra. Feb. 4, 1735, Joseph Perry. 384 6-20- 30-54 55 5657585960616263 7-26- 26-64 6567 /69 70 9-30- 30-71 727375 9-31- 31-77 78 79 808182 8384 85 9-33- 33-86 87 8889 90 91 12-39- JoHN Howe m. Nov. 3, 1703, Deliverance Rice, of Sud., dau. of John and Tabitha (Stone) Rice. He d. May 19, 1754, aged 74. \Jesseniah, b. May 30, 1704 ; m. Daraaris . \Matthias, b. Oct. 20, 1706 ; m. Feb. 4, 1732, Elizabeth Howe. Isaac, b. Feb. 8, 1708 ; ra. April 21, 1735, Prudence Howe. ^Benjamin, b. Dee. 14, 1710; ra. Feb. 4, 1732, Lucy Amsden. Tabitha, b. July 27, 1712 ; ra. June 11, 1739, Hezekiah Maynard. Patience, b. March 28, I7I4. Paul, b. June 18, 1715 ; settled at Paxton. Many, b. Nov. 32, 1719. Francis, b. June 16, I72I ; settled at Rutland ; m. Lydia Davis. Abigail, b. Aug. 8, 1723. Josiah Howe ra. June 14, 1706, Sarah Bigelow. She d. and he ra. Nov. 22, 1713, Mary Marble. He d. Sept. 20, 1766, aged 78. Phinehas, b. Dec. 4, 1707 ; ra. Abigail Bennett ; resided at Shrews bury. Abralmm, b. AprU 6, 1709. 66 Rachel, b. Nov. 23, 1710. Sarah, b. Dec. 24, 1714. 68 Mary, b. May 23, 1716. '[Josiah, b. Dec. 22, 1720; m. 1741, Mary Goodale. \Jacoh, b. Nov. 25, 1724 ; m. 1742, Ruth Swinerton, of Salem. James Howe ra. about I7I0, Margaret Gates. James, b. Jan. 4, 1712. Abisha,b. Aug. 8,1713; d. Thankful, b. July 31, 1715. Sybel, b. March 23, 1720. March 10, 1714. 74 Margaret, b. Oct. 13, 1717. 76 Submit, b. July 23, 1722. Jonathan Howe m. April 11, 1711, Lydia Brighara, dau. of Samuel and Elizabeth (Howe) Brigham. He d. June 22, 1738, in his 52d year. Timothy, b. May 24, 1713 ; d. Oct. 15, 1740. Prudence, b. Nov. 3, 1714 ; ra. Isaac Howe, of Leicester. ^Bezaleel, b. June 19, 1717; ra. Anna . \ Charles, b. April 30, 1720 ; m. Lydia . \Eliakim, b. Jan. 17, 1723 ; m. Dec. 15, 1747, Rebecca Howe. Lucy, b. March 30, 1726. Lydia, b. April 12, 1729 ; d. young. Mary, b. Aug. 12, 1730 ; d. young. Lydia, b. June 29, 1732 ; m. Sept. 21, 1752, Timothy Goodenow. . He d. April 2, 1777, aged 85. Thomas Howe m. Rebecca She d. July 3, 1794. \Thomas, b. June 20, 1710 ; m. Dorothy . Mary^b.Z-ane 30, 1718. '[Ezekiel, b. June 29, 1720 ; m. May 20, 1740, Elizabeth Rice. \Simon, b. Oct. 28, 1722 ; m. 1745, Lydia Baker, of Littleton. Sarah, b. July 4, 1725 ; m. 1746, Benjamin Hoar. Rebecca, b. Aug. 16, 1727. Gershom Howe m. Dec. 6, 1741, Hannah Bowker. He d. Oct, 28, 1738. He was honored with the appellation of Ensign. His 395 39- 93939495 96 97 12-40- 40- 98 99 100101102103104 12-41- 41-105 106107108 109110 HI 13-43- 43-112 113114 115116117118 119120 13-44- 44-121 123123 124 Inventory shows the spirit of the times— 2 fireloclcs, 3 swords, 2 belts, 2 girdles, wooden platters, plates, and trencliers. Whole amount of property, £3,887. Miriam, b. Nov. 27, 1722 ; m. May 17, 1744, Jotham Bartlett. fMose*, b. March 6, 1725; ra. Hannah, . Silas, b. Feb. 5, 1727 ; settled in Shrewsbury; m. Beulah Leland. Zeruiah, b. Oct. 9, 1729 ; m. Oct. 28, 1747, David Felton. Persis, b. March 2, 1736 ; m. Dec. 18, 1755, John Gleason. Hannah, b. Nov. 9, 1737. Ephraim Howe m. ime 8, 1723, Elizabeth Rice, dau. of Benjamin and Mary (Graves) Rice. He d. Jan. 14, 1764, aged 68. ^Stephen, b. Dec. 1, 1723 ; m. Jan. 30, 1752, Elizabeth Beaman. Azadiah, b. March 26, 1725 ; m. 1749, Jacob Felton, and d. 1819, aged 94. Elizabetli, b. July 3, 1727 ; m. Jonathan Clifford ; r. in Worcester. Deborah, b. Feb. 2, 1729. Lydia, b. June 7, 1731 ; m. Sept 30, 1755, Noah Beaman. Hannah, b. May 5, 1734 ; ra. Joseph Crosby, of Worcester. Many, b. July 25, 1740. Eleazer Howe m. 1732, Hepzibah Barrett, dau. of Thomas and Elizabeth (Stow) Barrett. He d. Dec. 6, 1768. His will, dated Nov. 25, 1768, speaks of wife Hepzibah, sons Ebenezer and Luther, and son-in-law Oliver Barnes, and dau. Catharine. She d. Feb. 22, 1794. Samuel, b. Dec. 15, 1732 ; he was in the French war in 1755-6, had the command of a company. Sabilla, b. Sept. 1, 1734; ra. July 10, 1760, Oliver Barnes. Katlmrine, b. April 5, 1737. Jonas, b. June 10, 1739 ; m. May 30, 1769, Hepzibah Hapgood. Levi, b. June 37, 1741. \Ebenezer, b. March 30, 1744; m. July 20, 1767, Dolly Barnes. ]Luther, b. AprU 10, 1747 ; m. EUzabeth . and Peter Howe m. Dec. 24, 1718, Grace Bush. He d. Oct 18, 1778, aged 84 ; and she d. aged 74 years, 7 months and 7 days. \Ezra, b. March 22, 1719 ; m. Phebe . \J^ehemiah, b. Jan. 13, 1721 ; ra. 1747, Beulah Wheeler. Keziah, b. March 9, 1723 ; m. June 2, 1750, Nathaniel Smith. Ebenezer, b. AprU 4, 1725 ; d. July 26, 1725. Mary, b. AprU 3, 1736. Rebecca, b. July 12, 1728 ; ra. Dec. 15, 1747, Eliakim Howe. \PeUr, b. Dec. 23, 1730 ; m. March 26, 1754, Mary Smith. Rhoda,h. March 11, 1733; m. May 6, 1757, Ebenezer Harthorn. Ruth, b. May 13, 1736 ; m. Feb. 19, 1760, Josiah Stow. John Howe ra. Feb. II, 1724, Thankful Bigelow. He d. April 25, 1734. His inventory was £769. She d. Oct. 18, 1765, aged 66. ^Cyprian, b. March 29, 1726; m. I, Dorothy Howe, and 2, Mary Williams. \Asa, b. Jan. 31, 1728 ; m. 1753, Mary Stow. Anna, b. Sept 10, 1731. Patience, b. May 22, 1734 ; m. April 4, 1757, Edward Baker. 386 13-50- 50- -125 126127 )-54- - 54- -128 -55- - 55- -130 131132 20-57- 57-134 135136 137 138 189140141 142143144 26-69- 69-145 147 -^148 149150151152153 26-70- 70-155 157 31-79- 79-159 161163 31-80- 80-164 Seth Howe m. Mary Morse. He d. AprU 27, 1789. AbigaU, b. May 29, 1741 ; d. Jan. 20, 1744. Rebecca, b. Dec. 20, 1743, d. unm. '[John, b. June 5, 1747 ; m. Nov. 21, I77I, Susanna Fairbanks. Jesseniah Howe ra. Damaris Joel, b. March 26, 1729. 129 Hepzibah, b. AprU 6, 1730. Matthias Howe ra. July 31, 1732, Elizabeth Howe. Elizabeth, b. March 22, 1733 ; m. May 4, 1757, Solomon Newton. SUas, b. May 10, 1735; d. July 2, 1738. Dorothy, b. July 28, 1737. 133 Mary, b. March &, 1740. Benjamin Howe m. Feb. 4, 1732, Lucy Amsden, dau. of Thomas and Eunice. He d. Oct. 20, 1757. She d. Oct. 7, 1773. Jacob, b. Feb. 26, 1732 ; d. March 6, 1732. \JVoah, b. Feb. 6, 1733 ; m. Nov. 23, 1758, Martha Barnard. Abraham, b. March 3, 1735; d. March 10, 1735. Miriam, b. Jan. 1736 ; d. same year. Luay, b. Oct. 14, 1737; m. Oct. 24, 1765, WUliam Maynard. j Joseph, b. Dec. 23, 1740; m. Feb. 25, 1762, Persis Rice. JVanne, b. July 15, 1743 ; d. 1745. Catharine, b. May 14, 1746. Lucretia, b. April 7, 1749. '[Benjamin, b. Oct. 17, I75I ; ra. AbigaU . Eunice, b. July 1, 1754. Josiah Howe m. Aug. 12, 1741, Mary Goodale, dau. of Benjamin and Hannah. Dorothy, b. March 1, 1743. 146 Daniel, b. March 4, 1745. Man/, b. AprU 15, 1746. ^Josiah, b. June 30, 1748 ; m. Feb. 26, 1770, MoUy Adams. David, b. Sept. 27, I75I ; d. Oct. 15, 1751. Artemas, b. May 23, 1753. Hannah, b. Dec. 20, 1755. Loammi, b. May 3, 1758; d. Nov. 1, 1758. Elizabeth, b. May 6, 1759. 154 Clmrilota, b. Aug. 18, 1764. Jacob Howe ra. Dec. 7, 1742, Ruth Swiniston, of Salera. 0/iW, b. Feb. 18, 1749. Mary, b. July 9, 1756. 156 Sarah, b. Dec. 12, 1753 ; d. young. 158 Sarah, b. Dec. 13, 1757. Bezaleel Howe ra. Anna Susanna, b. Feb. 12, 1740. Eadith, b. Oct II, 1744. Bezaleel, b. Nov. 28, 1750. She d. June 28, 1773. 160 Timothy, b. Oct. 6, 1742. 162 Darius, b. June 26, 1746. Charles Howe m. Lydia , Theodore, b. March 27, 1747. ~ 165 Calvin, b. Feb. 33, 1749. 387 31-81- 81-166 167169171172 33-86- 86-173 174175176177 33-88- 88-178 33-89- 89-179 180181 182 183184185186 187 188 39-93- 93-189 190191 192193 40-98- 98-194 195196 197198 199 41-110- Eliakim Howe m. Dec. 15, 1747, Rebecca Howe. He moved to Henniker, N. H., before 1770. Otis, b. Oct 3, 1748 ; ra. Nov. 5, 1770, Lucy Goodale. Tilly, b. May 1, 1750. 168 Rhene, b. July 2, 17.52. Anna, b. Aug. 20, 1754. 170 Molly, b. Sept. 28, 1757. Prudence, b. Sept 16, 1759 ; d. Jan. 3, 1762. Jonatlmn, b. Oct. 29, I76I. Thomas Howe m. Dorothy ¦. She d. Sept 4, 1796. Sybel, b. May 29, 1740 ; m. Peter Wood, Esq. Fiske, b. June 23, 1741 ; ra. March 31, 1767, Lydia Bigelow. '[Anlipas, b. April 16, 1745 ; ra. Nov. 23, 1774, Catharine Tainter. Artemas, b. March 11, 1747; raoved to Templeton. \Francis, b. June 26, 1750 ; ra. June 21, 1773, Mary Hapgood. Ezekiel Howe ra. May 10, 1740, Elizabeth Rice. Patience, b. June 10, 1742. Simon Howe ra. 1745, Lydia Baker, of Littleton. He d. Aug. 26, 1806, aged 84, and she d. June 9, 1809, aged 85. WUliam, b. May 5, 1747 ; d. May 8, 1763. Catharine, b. Feb. 26, 1749 ; d. 1749. Alice, b. Sept 9, 1750; ra. June 27, 1776, Jabez Rice. Lydia, b. Dec. 22, 1753. Abel, b. May 8, 1750 ; d. May 13, 1763. Talman, b. May 22, 1758 ; d. July 2, 1815 ; m . \Perkins, b. Dec. 21, 1760; m. 1795, Ruth Dunlap. Perley, b. Sept. 19, 1762; grad. at Dart 1790; studied divinity ; set tled at Surry, N. H. ; m. Dec. 9, 1795, Zeruiah Barnes, dau. of Moses and Sarah Barnes. Sarah, b. Oct. 3, 1764 ; d. July 31, 1782. '[Aaron, b. Aug. 29, 1766 ; ra. July 21, 1793, Ruth Gleason. MosES Howe ra. Hannah . He d. July 8, 1771, and she d. Nov. 22, 1789, aged 74. Gershom, b. Sept. 26, 1747 ; d. young. ^Samuel, b. Jan. 12, 1749 ; ra. Oct. 24, 1771 , Hannah Burnet. Jonathan, b. Aug. 15, 1751 ; raoved to Holden. Sarah, b. Aug. 20, 1753 ; m. John Gassett. Gershom, b. Jan. 13, 1756 ; resided at Holden. Stephen Howe m. June 30, 1752, Elizabeth Beaman, dau. of Abraham and Mary Beaman. He d. May 29, 1768. Keziah, b. March 25, 1753 ; d. June 20, 1753. ]Ephraim, b. June 6, 1754 ; m. Hannah Maynard. Steplien, b. Aug. 22, 1758 ; d. Sept. 19, I76I. ]Eleazer, b. April 1 , 1761 ; ra. Caty Barnard. Elizabeth, b. May 12, 1764; m. William Gates, as his 2d wife. Stephen, b. July 24, 1767 ; m. March 2, 1790, Judith Hunt ; r. Lunen burg, Vt. Ebenezer Howe m. July 20, 1767, Dorothy Barnes. March 15, 1802. She d. 388 110-200 201 202 41-111- 111-203 204 205 206207208209 43-112- 112-210 212 214 216 218 43-113- 113-219 43-118- 118-220 221 223 225 44-121- 121-226 228229230 231 232 44-122- 122-234 WUIard, b. June 35, 1769 ; ra. Aug. 16, 1797, Polly Brigham. Le^h I u a™i 9 1774 5 d. AprU, 1840, unm. Aaron, <, °' •*?"' ''' '' ^ ^ m. Jan. 28, 1806, AbigaU Morse, dau. of Francis. Luther Howe m. Elizabeth Watson. She d. May 13, 1796. He d. Sept 34, 1811, aged 64. Elizabeth, b. May 37, 1777 ; m. Ephraim B. Rice ; moved to Vt. Sarah, b. Jan. 31, 1779 ; m. 1st, Charles Dexter, and 2d, Gates, of Stow. Jjuther, b. Dec. 7, 1780 ; moved to Vt. William, b. Jan. 25, 1783 ; moved to Vt. Ebenezer, b. Dec. 18, 1784; moved to Vt Susanna, b. June 35, 1788 ; moved to Vt. Lemuel, b. Aug. 26, 1792 ; m. Sally Jones ; r. in Grafton. Ezra Howe ra. Phebe . He was one who took part in the French war, and marched to the relief of Port William-Henry. He d. Sept. 9, 1795. The family removed frora town before 1770. Sarah, b. Jan. 25, 1750. 211 JVehemiah, b. March 5, 1752. Phebe, b. May 5, 1754. 213 Eli, b. Feb. 25, 1757. Micah, b. Sept 22, 1759. 215 Li/dia, b. Dec. 10, 1762. Judith, b. Oct 8, 1765. 217 Aaron, b. Sept 19, 1768. Moses, b. Feb. 14, 1772; d. Sept 9, 1775. Nehemiah Howe m. 1747, Beulah Wheeler. They left town. Abner, b. Nov. 17, 1747. Peter Howe m. March 26, 1747, Mary Smith. She d. June 4, 1806. \LoveU, b. May 17, 1756, m. Patty and Nabby Parker. Ebenezer, b. Jan 12, 1761. 222 John, b. June 4, 1763. Lucy, b. Dec. 17, 1765. 224 William, b. AprU 3, 1768. Lem, b. July 1, 1777. Cyprian Howe ra. Nov. 20, 1750, Dorothy Howe, dau. of Joseph and Ruth Howe. She d. May 30, 1764, and he ra. Feb. 6, 1766, Mary Williams, dau. of Abraham and Elizabeth Williams. He kept a pub lic house. He was u. Capt. at the opening of the Revolution, and marched to Cambridge on the Lexington alarm on the 19th of April, 1775 ; and served further in the war of the Revolution. He was Col. in the militia. Martha, b. Sept. 3, 1751. 227 Jabez, b. AprU 14, 1753. Calee, b. Dec. 28, 1757 ; m. Jan. 3. 1776, Joel Brigham. Phebe, b. Jan. 31, 1763. Dorothy, b. June 18, 1767; ra. 1788, Joshua Burnham. Mary, b. May 13, 1770 ; m. Benjamin Sawin. John, b. Sept. 20, 1773. 233 Hemy, b. Oct 6, 1779. Asa Howe m. June 9, 1752, Mary Stow, dau. of John and Eliza beth (Brigham) Stow. She d. Jan. 11, 1814. John, b. Aug. 11, 1752. 389 50-127- 127-235 236237238 239240. 241 242 243244245 57-135- 135-246 247 ' 248249250251 57-139- 139-252 .57-143- 143-253 254255256 257258259260 261262 263264 69-148- 148-265 266 yL 267268 • John Howe m. Nov. 21, 1771, Susanna Fairbanks. She d. Feb. 12,1791. He d. Oct 3, 1818. Many, b. Dec. 17, 1772; d. July 14, 1849, unm. \ Jason, b. June 8, 1774 ; m. Mary Warland, of Cambridge. Abigail, b. Jan. 12, 1776; ra. 1800, Joseph Gleason, moved to Acworth, N. H. Luci/, b. Dec. 8, 1777 ; d. 1791. Lydia, b. Dec. 19, 1779 ; living in North Wrentham. Mizabetli, b. Aug. 7, 1781 ; d. unra. 1847. Anna, b. Jan. 22, 178.3; m. Amariah Daniels. Sarah, b. AprU 4, 1785; m. Jonathan Russell, of Sherborn. Phebe, b. Nov. 4, 1786 ; m. Salmon Mann, N. Wrentham. Patty, b. Nov. 23, 1788; m. Thomas Page, Walpole. Susan Dorothy, b. Jan. 31, 1791 ; ra. Martin Moore, Sudbury. Noah Howe ra. Nov. 23, 1758, Martha Barnard, dau. of Robert and Rebecca Barnard. He d. Feb. 3, I8I3, aged 80. She d. Aug. 10, 1807. Fortunatus, b. March 26, 1760 ; ra. March 23, 1786, Sarah Bruce, and d. 1831. Winslow, b. Nov. 8, 1761 ; ra. Dolly Hayden, of Sud. JVanne, b. AprU 2, 1763; d. Jan. 21, 1776. Calvin, b. June 17, 1765 ; m. Aug. 16, 1787, Esther Howe, dau of Asa. Gardner, b. Feb. 16, 1767 ; d. Aug. 25, 1775. Lydia, b. April 26, 1769. Joseph Howe m. Feb. 25, 1762, Persis Rice, dau. of Abraham and Persis (Robinson) Rice. She d. before 1785, aged 87. ^Archelaus, b. May 12, 1763 ; m. Lucy Howe, dau. of Asa. Benjamin Howe m. Abigail Howe, dau. of Asa. He d. July 18, 1814. Lucretia, b. Jan. 19, 1782; m. 1800, Francis Hudson. Catharine, b. Dec. 7, 1783 ; m. William Morse, of North. Windsor, b. Oct. 12, 1785; ra. Oct 12, 1808, Lydia Brigham, r. LoweU, d. 1857. William, b. June 9, 1787; m. Feb. 6, I8I0, AbigaU Fay, d. 1857. Stephen, b. Sept 13, 1789; m. Patty Stow, of Grafton. AbigaU, b. June 2, 1791 ; m. Jacob Goddard, of Berlin. Benjamin, b. March 5, 1793; d. unm. 1814. Winthrop, b. Aug. 12, 1795; ra. . Lucy, b. July 6, 1798 ; m. John G. Brighara, r. in Concord. Jeroboam, b. AprU 1, 1800; resides in Lowell. Lydia, b. June 12, 1802 ; m. . Alonzo, b. Feb. 23, 1804 ; d. at Lowell. Josiah Howe ra. Feb. 24, 1770, MoUy Adams. He d. Jan. 15, 1827, aged 78 yrs. 5 mos. 18 days. She d. June 1, 1845, aged 93 yrs. 10 mos. 2 days. He was a deacon of the church. jJohn, b. Sept 9, 1772 ; m. Lydia WUliams. Lydia, b. March 12, 1775 ; d. Jan. 15, 1790. Solomon, b. March 28, 1777; m. May 19, 1802, Sarah Stow, lived and d. in Berlin. Eunice, b. July 38, 1780 ; m. Oct. 30, 1799, Joseph Howe. 50 390 -^ 369370371 '86-175- 175-272 86-177- 177-273 274276278279 280281282 89-185- 185-283 284 285 286 ,89-188- 188-287 288.289291293295 93-190- 98-195- 195-396 297 Josiah, b. March 37, 1783; m. Phebe Harrington, r.- So.' Orange.' Lewis, b. May 2, 1792; m. March 38, 1816, Sally Witt ; m. 2d, "June 38, 1853, Asenath S. Boyd. iMcy, b. Nov. 1, 1794 ; m. "Benjamin Clark. Antipas Howe m. Nov. 23, 1774,' Catharine Tainter.; They moved to Princeton. . , Catharine, b. March 31, 1775. Francis Howe m. June 21, 1773, Mary Hapgood, dau. of Joseph, and Mary. He d. Feb. 28, 1833, aged: 82. Joseph, b. Nov. 7, 1773 ; d. Aug. 12, 1775. Franas, b. Jan. 7, 1776. 275 Lewis, b. Feb. 3, 1778. Ezekiel, b. July 30, 1780. 277 Thomas, b. Bee. 2, 1783. Polly, b. June 19, 1786 ; m. Aaron Cutter, Ocf 25, 1811. iMciy, b. Oct. 21, 1788; m. James Hapgood. Jjydia, b. Feb. 23, 1791 ; ra. 1823, Nathaniel A. Bruce. Lambert, b. Aug. 12, 1795 ; ra. Charlotte Barnes, dau. of Stephen. AbigaU B., b. Feb. 28, 1810. Perkins Howe ra. 1795, Ruth Dunlap. He probably m. a 2d wife — Nancy Dunlap. Betsey, b. AprU 27, 1796; m. Abel Rice; d. at Worcester.. Sally, b. April 3, 1798. Elizabeth, b. July 22, 1800; m. SUas Dalrymple. Henry, b. Aug. 14, 1814. Perkins Howe had John, Abel, Sarauel, and perhaps other children whose births are not recorded. Aaron Howe m. July 31,. 1793, Ruth Gleason; moved to' Stoi?, and afterwards went west and resided with some of his children. Lois, b. Dec. 5, 1793 ; d. young. Abel, b. Aug. 23, 1795 ; d. May 9, 1796. Charles, b. Nov. 10, 1796. . 290 Hollis, b. May 28, 1799. Lois, b. Nov. 10, 1800. 292 Sally, b. Aug. I, 1803. Almira, b. Sept." 21, 1804. 294 Ruthy, b. AprU 16, 1806. WUliam, b. AprU 25, 1808. Samuel Howe ra. Oct 24, 1771, Hannah Burnet He d^ July,31, 1820, aged 71.. She d. Nov. 5, 1835, aged 92. He resided in the west part of the town, and was a deacon of the ¦ church in the first parish. He d. without issue. Ephraim Howe ra. Nov. 1782, Hannah Maynard, of Framingham. She d. June 24, 1795, and he m. 1796, Elizabeth Chamberiain.„ He d. Sept '22, 1801. Moses,b. Oct 6, 1783; m. March 16, 1807, Lucy Temple, dau. of John Temple. They had Eveline, b. Nov. 9, 1809, m.. Winthrop Arnold; Ephraim, b. June 10, 1810, r. in New York city; Lucy, b. Dec. 21, 1811, d. 1831 ; BeUey, b. Sept. 17, 1813, d. young; JAoses, b. Sept 14, 1816 ; Eli K, b. bee. 8, 1817. Betsey, b. May 17, 1785 ; d. 1816. 391 '298 299300 98-197- 197-301 302303 304 305 306 307308309 aio311312 118-220- 220-313 314 315 317 318 127-236- Ephraim, b. July 31, 1788 ; m. Oct. 13, 1811, Anna Temple. He d. Jan. 27, 1842. He had JVeedham, b. 1812 ; Hannah, 1814; Betsey, 1816; Ann, 1818 ; Ephraim, 1820; Arethusa, 1822; Sophia, 1824; Maria, 1826; Eveline, 1828 ; Luay, 1831 ; Abel, 1833. Col. Ephraim Howe resided near the old Winchester place. The house in which he lived was burnt I860— being the 2d dwelling burnt on that site. Abel, b. Jan. 3, 1793 ; d. . • Hannah, b. Jan. 13, 1798 ; went with her mother to Marl., N. H. Eleazer Howe m. Caty Barnard. She d. June 21, 1845, aged 74. He d. Feb. 27, 1836, aged 74.^ Man/, b. Dec. 14, 1789 ; d. voung. Stephen, b. AprU 26, 1791 ; d. 1793. Sophia, b. Aug. 18, 1794 ; d. 1797. Steplien, b. Aug. 18, 1796; m. July 6, I82I, Mrs. Hannah Peters. Solomon, b. July 27, 1798 ; resided in Boston ; m. Olive ; d. 1836. Martin, b. Dec. 5, 1800 ; m. June 24, 1830, Caroline Arnold, who d. 1856. Catlmrine, b. Aug. 19, 1804 ; m. Ebenezer Gale. Abet, b. Jan. "14, 1807 ; went South. Lyman B., b. May 6, 1809. Orison, b. Sept 26, 1811 ;d. Oct 1811. Eleazer O., b. Dec. 17, 1812. Mary, b. June 6, I8I5 ; m. Lewis Maynard. She d. and he m. 1803, Lovewell Howe ra. Patty Parker. Nabby Parker. Samuel, b. Jan. 19, 1785 ; ra. 1st, • Balcora, and 2d, Betsey Bigelow. George, b. June 3, 1787; ra. Oct 17, 1816, Mary Brigham. Luther, b. April 27, 1792. 316 Eliza, b. March 31, 1804. Peter P., b. Oct. 28, 1805 ; r. in South. He was the first person bap tized in the West meeting-house. Caroline, b. AprU 18, 1807. 319 Abigail, b. Feb. 12, 1810. Jason Howe m. Mary Warland, of Cambridge. She d. and he m. 1818, Isabella Hastings. He d. Sept 2, 1851, aged 77. 236-320 John W., b.Oct. 30, 1806. 322 Thomas J., b. Nov. 8, 1826. 135-247- 247-324 139-253- 252-325 326 327 328 321 Mary I., b. Jan. 23, 1823. 323 Susanna H.,b. Feb. 7, 1834. Winslow Howe m. Dolly Hayden, of Sudbury. He d. March 18, 1832, aged 70.- She d. Dec. 28, 1841. Lyman, b. June 6, 1797 ; m. Rebecca -, and had a large family. Winslow Howe had other children, but their names and births are • not given upon the Records ; among them were Dolly, who m. 1820, WUliam Onthank ; Laura Ann, who m. 1820, WiUiam Brown. Archelaus Howe ra. July 20, 1784, Lucy Howe, dau. of Asa Howe. They moved about 1826 to Vernon, Vt Phebe, b. Sept. 26, 1784 ; m. May 27, 1799, Joel B. Clisbee ; d. July, 1799. Persis, b. March 29, 1787; ra. March 16, 1807, Francis Gleason. Abraham,b. July 18, 1789; m. Sept 1, 181 1, Sally Brigham; r. at Lowell, where he d. Luther, b. Sept. 23, 1791 ; m. Feb. 7, 1816, Lucy Brigham, dau. of Ephraim, r. at Northfield. 392 329 330331332 148-265- 265-333 334 335 1- 234 5 6 78 9 10II 1-2- 2-12 131415 16 17 18 1-4- Thomas, b. Nov. 16, 1793; m.. Feb. 5, 1819, Patty Bigelow,, dau. of Gershom. Levi, b. June 31, 1796. Sophia, b. March 15, 1799; m. Dec. 6, 1731, Ephraun Brigham. Georg-c,b. July 10, 1803. John Howe m.'lSOO, Lydia Williams. Samuel S., b. Oct 5, 1809; d. I85-. John A., b. Feb. 29, 1812 ; ra. Feb. 10, 1834, AbigaU C. Newton. Lydia W., b. June 20, 1813 ; m. Oct. 6, 1835, WUliam P. Barnard. THE ABRAHAM HOWE FAMILY. Having given a. Genealogy of the faraily of John Howe, it becomes necessary to give a notice of the family of Abraham. John Howe, we have seen, came from Sudbury, and was in Marl, as early as 1657, or '58. In the year 1660 the name of Abraham Howe appears' among the proprietors of the town. He probably came from Roxbury, had a numerous family, and his descendants have remained in the town to the present day. , We have no evidence that he was connected with the family of John Howe. Abraham Howe ra. May. 6, 1657, Hannah Ward, dau. of William Ward. Their. second and third child were born in Watertown, and perhaps theii; first. Their first recorded in Marl, was in 1663.- He.d. ; June 30, 1695, and his wid. d. Nov. 3, 1717, aged 78. He located himself near where school house No. 2, is now situated. \Daniel, b. 1658 ; m. Oct. 6, .1688, Elizabeth Keriey, of Mari. Mary, b. 1659 ; m. John Bowker, of Sud., r. in Marl. \Joseph, b. 1661 ; m. 1688, Dorothy Martin. Hannah, b. Nov. 9, 1663 ; ra. Eleazer Howe. JE&a6ei^,b. Aprils, 1665; ni. Capt. Nathan Brigham. Deborah, b. March 1, 1667 ; m. 1687, John Barrett Rebecca, b. Feb. 4, 1668 ; m. Peter Rice, of Marl. ; \Abralmm, b. Oct. 8, 1670 ; m. 1695, Mary Howe. Sarah, b. Dec. 20, 1672; ra. Joseph Stratton, 1695, r. in Marl. Abigail, b; March 4, 1675 ; d. unm. AprU 17, 1697. Daniel Howe, Capt, m. Elizabeth Kerley. He d. AprU 13, I7I8. He. was a large landholder in Mqirl., Lancaster and Westboro'.; His : property was inventoried at £1,364. His wid. administered upon his estate. She d. 1735. Martha, b. July 30, 1687; m. 1714, Col. Nahum Ward. ^Hezekiah, b. June 19, 1691 ; m. 1715, Elizabeth Tainter. Daniel, b. Nov. 29, 1692; d. Feb. 6, 1740. ^Jonathan, b. April 23, 1695 ; m. Sarah Hapgood. Elizabeth, b. Oct 13, 1697; ra. Paul Howe, of Paxton. David, b. AprU 27, 1700 ; resided in Westboro'. Zeruiah, b. Dec. 13, 1703; m. Feb. 30, 1722, Joseph Howe. Joseph Howe m. Dorothy Martin. He d. Sept 4, 1700, aged 40, and his wid. settled his estate. They were ra. in Charlestown, Dec. 29, 1687. He was a large landholder in Marl., Lancaster and Wat, and owned the grist mill at Feltonville before 1700, probably the first mill erected there. His real estate was inventoried at £1,442. 393 4-19 20 21 2223 24 1-9- 2-13- 13-25 27 2-15- 15-29 3032 33343536 38 4-22- Sarah, b. July 27, 1688; m. I7I1, Jeremiah Barstow. Eunice, b. Jan. 15, 1692; m. 171*2, Thomas Amsden. Bethia, b. March 7, 1695. '[Joseph, b. Feb. 19, 1697 ; ra. Zeruiah Howe, Feb. 20, 1722. \Abraham, b. March 21, 1698 ; m. Rachel Rice. Jedediah, b. April 3, 1701. Abraham Howe ra. 1695, Mary Howe. He was slain by the In dians near Lancaster, July, 1704. He had only one child, viz. AbigaU, b. May 22, 1702. 22-39 4041 42 43444546 47 48 4-23- 23-49 50 51.52 53 54 5556 Hezekiah Howe m. July 25, 1715, Elizabeth Tainter. Benjamin, b, April 18, I7I6. Daniel, b. Oct. 14, 1724. 26 J^oah, b. Sept. 8, I72I. 28 Abigail, b. March 26, 1730. He d. July 25, 1738, aged Jonathan Howe m. Sarah' Hapgood. 43, and his wife Sarah settled his estate. ]Solomon, b. Dec. 17, I7I8; ra. Mary Howe. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 3, 1720. 31 Sarah, b. Oct. 25, I72I. AbigaU, b. Sept 20, 1723 ; d. 1729. Damaris, b. July 31, 1725 ; ra. 1743, Stephen Gates. ¦Sylvanus, b. AprU 0, 1727. MiUicent, b. April 20, 1729 ; ni. 1746, Alpheus Woods. Iclmbod, b. Jan. 9, 1731. 37 Abigail, b. March 25, 1733. Isaac, b. Jan. 27, 1735. Joseph Howe m. Feb. 20. 1722, Zerviah Howe, dau. of Capt. Daniel Howe. She d. Dec. 10, 1723, and he ra. July 12, 1727, Ruth Brigham, dau. of Jonathan and Mary Brigham. His will, dated July 16, 1770, and proved March 14, 1775, mentions wife Ruth, sons Joseph, "Thaddeus, Phinehas, and Artemas, and dau. Zerviah Smith, Dinah Willard, wife of Josiah, Miriam Bigelow, and Betty, then unm., and grand-children of daui Dorothy, late wife of Cyprian Howe. He vvas a large owner of land in New Marlboroogh. His widow d. Oct. 14, 1781 in her 87th year. He d. Feb. 18, 1775.' Zeruiah, b. Nov. 24, 1723 ; m. Abraham Smith. ^Joseph, b. Feb. I, 1728; m. May 21, 1751, Grace Rice. Dorothy, b. May 4, 1730 ; ra. Nov. 20, 1750, Cyprian Howe. Dinah, b. Oct 11, 1731 ; m. Josiah WUIard. ^Thaddeus, b. May 30, 1733; ra. April 12, 1757, Levinah Brighara. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 12, 1734 ; m. Dr. Rice, of Barre. Samuel, b. May 22, 1737 ; d. May 29, 1756, in the French war. \Phinehas, b. Jan. 25, 1739; m. Dec. II, 1764, Dorothy Burnet. \Artemas, b. Jan. 15, 1743; m. March 28, 1767, Mary Bigelow. Miriam, b. Dec. 5, 1744 ; m. AprU 7, 1763, Timothy Bigelow. Abraham Howe m. May 24, 1724, Rachel Rice, dau. of Benjarain and Mary (Graves) Rice. Eunice, b. May 16, 1725 ; m. 1749, David Warren. Mary, b. June 14, 1727; m. 1750, Frederick Barnes. Persis, b. Nov. 14, 1728 ; m. Dec. 18, 1755, John Gleason. \Abraham, b. Dec. 14, 1730 ; m. Sept 17, 1755, Lydia Howe. \Asa, b. Nov. 30, 1733 ; m. March 18, 1762, Rachel Goddard. Abner, b. Nov. I, 1735 ; m. Oct 2, 1763, Sarah Harrington. Adonijah, b. Sept. 7, 1737 ; ra. May 31, 1764, Lydia Church. Anna, b. Feb. 5, 1740 ; d. 1752. 394 15-29- 29-57 58 6061 22-40- 40-63 63646566 67 68 697071 .72 73 22-43- 43-74 7576 7778 798081 23-46- 46-82 83 84858687 Solomon Howe m. Mary Howe. Jonathan, b. AprU 7, 1739 ; d. Jan. 27, 1740. Daniel, b. June 13, 1740. 59 Zadock, b.June 3, 1742. Luke, b. Feb. 21, 1745 ; m. Nov. 29, 1770, Catharine Howe.: ' Edmund, b. June 3, 1749. Joseph Howe m. May 21, 1751, Grace Rice,' dau. of Simon and Grace, b. 1730. He d. Sept. 26, 1800, aged 73. ' She d. Jan. 23, 1816, aged 87. Lovina, b.July 19, 1751 ; m. Jan. 3, 1772, Peter Rice, and d. Dec! ^, 1812. Reuben, b. Oct. 12, 1753 ; ra. 1791, Susanna' Cushing, and moved to GuUdhall, Vt Simon, b. Aug. 14, 1754 ; raoved to Guildhall, Vt. Samuel, b. Oct. 3, 1756 ; moved to Guildhall, Vt. Lucy, b. Sept. 18, 1758; m. Thomas Tileston, Boston. Eli, b. July 20, 1760 ; m. Polly Oakes. He was in the Revolution. Hepzibah, b. Sept. 15, 1763 ; d. April 10, 1773. Daniel, b. Aug. 4, 1764 ; raoved to GuUdhaU, Vt, and d. Aug.9, 1818. Joseph, b. Sept. 30, 1768 ; d. July 36, 1773. Miriam, b. Oct 16, 1770 ; ra. 1794, John Coats, of Boston.; She d.at Cambridge, 1861, in her 92d year. Hepzibah, b. April 5, 1773 ; m. Jan. 15, 1793, Jacob Barnes, and d. May 14, 1826. \Joseph, b. March 8, 1775 ; ra. Oct. 30, 1799, Eunice Howe, and d. Sept 5, 1851. ¦ ' . Thaddeus Howe ra. April 12, 1757, Lovina Brigham, dau. of Joseph and Corafort (Bigelow) Brigham. She d. Aug., 1784, and he m. June, 1786, Mrs. Prudence Holman, of Bolton, as her fourth hus band. He d. March 18, 1799, aged 66, and she d. Sept 5, 1831, aged 96. Susanna, b. June 22, 1758 ; m. Nov. 2, 1778, Gershom Rice. JVanne, b. Feb. 15, 1760 ; m. July 11, I78I, Jonas Morse, as his 2d wife. . , , : jJonah, b. Feb. 22, 1763; m. 1st, Betty Cranston, and 2d, Catharine Wheeler. William, b. Dec. 4, 1764; m. Sept 27, 178.5, Elizabeth Stow. Lovina, b. March 23, 1767 ; m. June 11, 1787, Moses Sherman. Aaron, b. May 15, 1770 ; m. Sarah Dana, of Oxford ; r. Lunenburg, Vt Martha, b. Feb. 5, 1773 ; m. March 9, 1796, Francis Barnard; d. Stephen, b. Aug. 10, 1776 ; d. young. Phinehas Howe m. Dec. II, 1764, Dorothy Burnett She d. Dec, 9, 1781, aged 45, and he ra. 2d, 1783, Sarah Brooks," who d. July 22, 1784, and he m. 3d, Jan. 4, 1798, Lydia Ruggles,' of ; Weston. He d. March 14, 1832, aged 93, and his widow d.T837, aged 84. \Sylvanus, b. Dec. 27, 1765 ; m. May 12, 1791, Sarah Gleason. Elizabeth, b. April 2, 1768; m. 1792, Silas Gleason. \Jedediah, b. June 28, 1770 ; ra. Sept 28, 1795, Lydia Felton. Gilbert, b. May 1, 1772 ; m. 1800, Lydia Howe, dau. of Asa. Lucretia, b. May 22, 1773 ; d. Aug. 23, 1775. Lovice, b. Oct 39, 1775; m. Daniel Barnes, and moved to Hub- bards ton. '[Phinehas B., b. July 13, 1784 ; m. 1811, Nancy Webster. 395 ,22-47-- 47- 89 90 '91 92 93 9495969798 99 100 23-52- 52-101 102103104 23-53- 53-105 106 107 ' 108 109110 HI112 40-73- 73-113 114 115116 Artemas Howe m. May 28, 1767, Mary Bigelow, dau. of Gershom and Mary. She d. Aug. 15, I8I0, aged 65, and he d. Nov. 17, 1813, aged 70. Elisha, b. Jan. 31, 1768 ; d. unm. Catharine, b. Oct. 18, 1769; m. 1st, Wheeler, and 2d, Jonah Howe. Mary,b. Oct'26, 1771 ; m. Dec. 10, 1795, Jonas Lovering, of Sud. Jonas, b. Aug. 18, 1773; ra. Lydia Maynard, dau. of John. Lydia, b. Sept. 9, 1775 ; m. 1st, July 21, 1803, Isaac Maynard, and 2d, Abraham Stow. Sally,li. Feb. 5, 1777; m. March 28, 1801, Jonas Lovering, husband of late sister. ^Stephen, b. March 21, 1780 ; m. Jan. 29, 1709, Susanna Brigham. \David, b. March 18, 1783; m. March 27, 1811, Betsey Dadman. Samuel, b. March 27, 1785 ; moved to Coos County, N. H. Levi, b. April 30, 1787 ; ra. Abigail Bigelow, dau. of William. Jabez, b. Oct. 28, 1789 ; m. Nov. I8I2, Roxana Gleason. Moses, b. AprU 19, 1792; m. Dec. 18, 1817, Eunice Dadman. The , four brothers mentioned above, Joseph, Thaddeus, Phinehas, and Artemas, had an aggregate of thirty-nine children, who lived to the aggregate age of 301 years, and their wives to the aggregate of 332 years ; a rare instance of fruitfulness and longevity. , Abraham Howe m. Sept 17, 1755, Lydia Howe, dau. of Ephraim and Elizabeth. He d. March 12, 1770, and she administered upon his estate. He probably had a dau. Mary, whose birth is- not recorded, and who m. Gershom Bigelow. He was killed accidentally, while going home from town meeting. Lydia, b. Oct. 6, 1756. Aaron, b. Aug. 17, 1758 ; m. 1792, Anne Tainter. BeUey, b. Nov. 12, 1760 ; m. Oct 29, 1778, Oliver Russell. Sarah, b. Oct 16, 1766 ; m. March 8, 1785, John Barnes. Asa Howe m. March 18, 1762, Rachel Goddard. She d. June 10, 1814. John,b. Nov. 25,' 1762; m. Dec. 28, 1785, Mary Newton. He moved to Maine, where he d. AbigaU, b. May 14, 1764. Miriam, b. Sept. 11, 1765 ; m. Jan. 11, 1787, Joseph CUsbee. Irttcv, b. Jan. 26, 1767 ; ra. July 20, 1784, Archelaus Howe. Asa, b. Dec. 2, 1768 ; moved to N; H. ^Abraham, b. Feb.- 22, 1770 ; m. Nov. 25, 1793, Elizabeth Wetherbee. Esther, b. Feb. 25, 1772; m. Aug. 16, 1787, Calvin Howe. Lydia, b. July 7, 1774; m.; 1800, GUbert Howe, and d. Oct 1, 1820, without issue. Joseph Howe m. Oct. 30, 1799, Eunice Howe, dau. of Josiah and MoUy (Adams) Howe. He d. Feb. 4, 1828. She is stUl living. Charlotte, b. Aug. 10, 1800 ; m. Oct 8, 1822, Samuel Howe, Jr., and d. 1839. Mary R., b. June 23, 1803; ra. June 26, 1825, Abraham Howe, and d. 1851. Dexter, b. AprU 11, 1804; d. Nov. 19, 1804. Emerson, b. Nov. 13, 1805 ; m. May 1^1830, Lydia Bigelow, and d. 1847. 396 117 118 119 130 121 122 123124125126 43-70- 76-127 I'28 129130 131 132 133134135136137 43-77- 77-138; 139 140 141 46-82- 82-142 143 144 Eunice, b. Nov. 20, 1807; m. Paul Newton, of North., and d. March 23, 1842. Lucy, b. Nov. 24, 1809 ; m. Benjamin P. Horn, and d. April, I84I. Maria D., b. Feb. 4, 1812 ; d. Nov. II, 1838,, unm. . Lavinia, b. June 9, 1814 ; living unm. Haniet E., b. July 15, 1816 ; d." Aug. 5, 1841, unm. Christopher J., b. June 25, 1818; ,ra. Dec. .6, ,1845, Lucy D. Howe, North. Eleanor, b. AprU 10, 1820 ; d. June 5, 1842, unm. Dulcena L, b. AprU 8, 1822; m. May, 1850, J. P. Horn. Josiah, b. March 20, 1824 ; d. in Cuba,, 1848, unm. Sidney, b. June 29, 1826. This famUy wUl not be displeased by the addition of another per son, long a favorite in the family. In 1777, before Rev. Mr. Sraith was dismissed, he sold a negro servant, (or slave,) Dill OxroRn, to Joseph Howe, Sen., for 66 pounds. The Constitution of 1780 made all such persons free. Dill, from choice, remained in the family of father and son, till the day of her death. , She was highly esteemed in the family and neighborhood. Her rig was peculiarly hermaphroditicd— wearing a skirt or petticoat like a female, and a coat after the fashion of a man. Such was her ordinary and holiday appearance. :; Jonah Howe ra. March 8, 1792, Betty Cranston, dau. of Abner. She d. Feb. 14, 1806, and he m. June 15, 1806, Mrs. Catharin.e Wheeler, dau. of Artemas Howe. He d. Dec. 8, 1834, aged 73 ; and she d. Jan. 4, 1851, aged 81. Lavinia, b. May 28, 1793; m. Feb. 4, 1813, Jerry Stow. Betsey, b. Nov. 20, 1794 ; m. April 12, I8I5, William Toombs. Lydia, b. June 12, 1796; m. May 13, 1823, Jacob Holyoke. J\iartha, b. Oct 2, 1797 ; ra. 1st, EUzur Holyoke, and 2d, Jeremiah Whitcomb. Thaddeus, b. March 12, 1799 ; m. May 19, 1825, Charlotte Brigham. Lyman, b. Nov. 23, 1800 ; resides in Providence. Rufus, b. AprU 15, 1802; m. 1829, Sophia Tainter. Diana, b. Oct. 25, 1803 ; m. Nov. 18, 1824, Aaron Stow ; d. Nov. I860. Cranston, b. Aug. 5, 1805 ; m. Sarah Withington, and r. in Boston. Dexter, b. June 18, 1807 ; d. unm. 1837. Freeman, b. Aug. 16, 1809 ; m. Lucy Crosby, of Ashburnham. William Howe m. Sept. 27, 1785, Elizabeth Stow, dau. of John and Grace (Newton) Stow. He d. July 21, 1830, aged 56. She d. June 3, 1835, aged 67. Joel, b. Dec. 20, 1785 ; m. Sept. 6, 1815, Jerusha Gales. He d. Oct. 4, 1820. William Loring, b. AprU 25, 1797; m. AprU II, 1822, Persis Sawyer, of Berlin. Elizabeth, b. Oct 14, 1800; m. AprU 13, 1820, Israel Howe, of Sud. Sarah, b. Jan. II, 1806 ; ra. Dec. 9, 1829, Israel Parminter, who d. 1834, and she ra. Jabez Huntington. Sylvaj^us PIowe m. May 12, 1791, Sarah Gleason, dau. of Joseph. He d. Sept. 15, I8I5, aged 50. She d. March 31, 1825, aged 60. James, b. Feb. 22, 1792; m. Nov. 4, 1819, Lucy Barnes. Sarah, b. May 13, 1794 ; m. AprU 17, 1822, Soloraon Barnes. Eber, b. Dec. 1, 1795; m. Sept 16, 1824, Louisa Bigelow. 397 145146 147148149 46-84- 46-88- 47-95- 47-96- 53-110- 110-150 151152 153154155 156 157158159160161 Dorothy, b. July 22, 1797 ; d. young. Everett, b. Oct. 26, I80I ; d. 1804. Solomon, b, Aug. 10, 1805; d. 1833. Joel, b. Jan. 11, 1808 ; d. Feb. 20, 1809. Jonathan, b. Dec. 16, 1809 ; ra. Isabella Baker. Jedediah Howe ra. Sept. 28, 1795, Lydia Felton. He raoved to what was then denominated the Coos country, where he was killed by the falling of a tree. He had Edward, b. in Marl. July 4, 1796. Phinehas B. ra. 18II, Nancy Webster, and had James W., b. 1815 ; Cyrus, 1819 ; Phinehas, 1821 ; Elijah, 1823 ; Joseph, 1827, and four daughters. Stephen Howe ra. June 29, 1809, Susanna Brighara, dau. of Lewis Brigham, and had JVahum B., b. 1809; Elbridge, b. 1816; Benjamin S., b. 1823 ; and three daughters. David Howe m. March 24, 1811, Betsey Dadman, and had Samuel, b. 18II ; Willard, b. 1820 ; and three daughters. Abraham Howe m. Nov. 25, 1793, EUzabeth Wetherbee, of Box boro'. Capt Howe d. Oct. 2, 1848, aged 79. She d. Aug. 28, 1853, aged 77. Amory, b- Sept. 3, 1795; m. 1817, Mary Brigham, dau. of Lewis. Eliza, b. Oct. 31, 1797 ; d. July 28, 1822, unra. Samuel, b. March 2, 1800 ; m. Oct. 8, 1822, Chariotte Howe, dau. of Joseph. Abraham, b. March 11, 1802 ; ra. June 26, 1825, Mary R. Howe, dau. of Joseph. Ruth W., b. Feb. 27, 1804 ; ra. Merick Houghton, of Beriin. Alvin P., b. April 5, 1806 ; m. Sabra Houghton, sister of Merick. Mary Ann, b. Sept. 3, 1808 ; d. young. Charles, b. Oct 29, 1810 ; m. AprU 16, 1835, Lucy Rice. Harriot, b. April 15, 1813 ; ra. George Kendall, of Westminster. Maria, b. Aug. 30, 1815 ; ra. Rev. Charles KendaU, then of Bernards- ton, but now of Petersham. Matthew H., b. Oct. 12, I8I7 ; r. at Baltimore, where he ra. Lydia Eliza, b. Aug. I, 1823 ; went South ; ra. GUbert. The Howes are so numerous in Marl., and have been in all periods of her history, that it is next to impossible to classify them. Where we have two or three WUliam Howes, as many Samuel Howes, and more John Howes ; and three or four Marys, or Sarahs, or Elizabeths, on the stage at the same time, with nothing in the record to distin guish one from the other in the notices of deaths and marriages— it would not be at all strange, if the above record should assign some to a premature grave, or create some unwilling marriages. Nor would it be wonderful if I have left some in a state of single blessed ness who have rejoiced in a state of matrimony. But my apology is that the records failed rae, and the Howes have been so nuraerous, that I have not been able to furnish all with partners. THE HUDSON FAMILY. The Hudsons were among the early settlers of New England. William, and Francis, and JRalph, were in and about Boston before 1636, and were among the prominent citizens, and intermarried with 51 398 1- 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 1112 1-2- some of the most influential families. But it is doubtful whether the Hudsons who have been in Marl, and the neighboring towns from time to time, descended from either of these families. AU who have borne the name have been rather migratory in their character ; for we find thera at one time in one place, and at another time in another— thus defying the labors of the genealogist. It may however be slid of them with truth, that they have manifested a natural affinity for military adventures. Scarcely any family of their numbers has fur nished so many soldiers in the Indian, French, and Revolutionary wars. Daniel Hudson, the ancestor of the Marlborough Hudsons, came from England about 1639. He was in Wat. 1640, and settled in Lancaster about 1665. He purchased of Maj. Simon Willard, a Pro prietor's Right, for £40, situated on Gibson's Hill, in Lancaster. He ra. Johanna, and had six or seven children before he came to Lan caster, where their births are recorded. He and his wife and two of their daughters, and two children of his son, Nathaniel, were killed by the Indians in one of their incursions into that ill-fated town in 1697. Though he died in Lancaster, he appears to have been absent from that town some portion of the time between the date of his settlement and that of his death. In 1673, " Daniel Hudson, of Concord, sometimes of Lancaster," purchased 20 acres of land in Lancaster, of John Moore, of Sud. ; and in 1674, Daniel Hudson, " late of Lancaster, but now of Cam bridge VUlage," (Newton,) deeded to his oldest son, Daniel, " who is about to be married to Mary Maynard, of Sud., dau. of John May nard," the same 20 acres of land. And in 1688, he and his wife deeded to their son, William, land near Gibson's HUl, in Lancaster. Daniel Hudson's will, dated 1695, and proved Oct 14, 1697, mentions wife Johanna, and sons William, Nathaniel and Thomas. An Agreement connected with the settlement of the estate is signed by Nathaniel Hudson for himself and his brother Thomas ; and by Sarauel 'Waters, in right of his wife Mary (Hudson,) Jacob Waters, in the right of his wife Sarah (Hudson,) and James Atherton, in right of his wife AbigaU (Hudson.) Most of the male members of the family appear to have left Lan. soon after the death of their parents. The destruction of the Lan caster Records, and the migratory character of the famUy, deprive us of most of the information necessary to give a connected view of his descendants. The name in the ancient records is frequently spelt with a t — Hutson. ^Daniel, b. May 26, 1651 ; m. July 21, 1674, Mary Maynard. Mary, b. Sept 7, 1653 ; ra. Sarauel Waters. Sarah, b. June 1, 1656 ; m. Jacob Waters. Elizabeth, b. June 11, 1658 ; killed by the Indians. Johanna, b. June 6, 1660 ; killed by the Indians. John, b. May 10, 1662 ; probably d. ycJung. Anne, b. Jan. I, 1664 ; probably d. in infancy. William, b. June 12, 1665; probably moved to Bridgewater. Abigail, b. Sept 7, 1667 ; m. Jan. 6, 1684, James Atherton. '[JVatlmniel, b. March 15, 1671. Tlwmas, birth not recorded. Daniel Hudson m. July 21, 1674, Mary Maynard, dau. of John, of Sud., by whom he had at least one chUd, viz., Daniel, b. April, 1677. She d. in Concord, Nov. 4, 1677. After the death of his wife, he moved with his son Daniel to Bridgewater, where his son m. Mary 399 1-9 l-Il- 11-13 14 1516 11-13- 13-17 1819 21 32 2324 11-14- 14-25 26 Orcutt, and had Mary, Daniel, and WUliam. Daniel, the emigrant to Bridgewater, d. 1731, aged 80. Some of the descendants of this family moved to Hartford, Ct., where they were well known as hook- sellers and printers ; others raoved to the State of New York. William Hudson was in Lancaster in 1687, and had six acres of land granted to him by the town " as a bounty for killing wolves." He probably moved to Bridgewater with his brother Daniel, where he m. Experience Willis, dau. of John, and d. without issue, about 1729. Nathaniel Hudson appears by the records of Lancaster to have had land set off" to him in that town, in I7I8 and 1726, in virtue of the right of his father " Goodman Hudson." But he could not have been a permanent resident in Lancaster ; for in 1709, " Nathaniel Hudson, of Billerica, formerly of Lancaster," conveyed land in Lin coln to a Mr. Buss. As far as I can ascertain, he has left no con nected record of his faraily. The only thing I learn with certainty, is that he had a son JVathaniel. The Lexington Church Records show that three children by the name of Hudson were baptized there in 1705 ; and as the name of one of them was JVatlmniel, and as Lexing ton at that time bounded on Billerica, where Nathaniel resided; and as the male children resided together in Marl, afterward, I have strong reason to believe that these were his children. There is also a pre sumption that John Hudson, who was in Marl, soon after Seth and Nathaniel, Jr., was another of his children. But it must be confessed that the evidence of this is not conclusive. The whole Hudson fam ily appear to have been men of arms rather than of letters ; and their record is traced quite as easily on army rolls, as on town books. I shall set down John Hudson as a child of Nathaniel, Sen., hoping the error, if it be one, may be pointed out. I find no record of the mar riage or death of Nathaniel, Sen. He had other children, two of whom were kUled, with their grand-parents, by the Indians at Lan. 1697. \jVathaniel, > bap. in Lexington, April 22, 1705. Abigail, j '[(?)John, b. 1713; d. Aug. 1799, in Berlin. Seth Hudson m. Mary , and had eight chUdren, b. in Mari. He was admitted to the church there, Feb. 28, 1727. He was a sol dier from Mari. in 1759, in Capt. WUliams's Company. He was first a Sergeant and then Lieut., and had the command at Fort Massachu setts. He had in 1726, land laid out for him in Lancaster. Seth, b. AprU 13, 1728 ; he resided at Northboro', in 1753. Joseph, b. Feb. 28, 1730 ; he was in the French war 1755 and 1758. Mary, b. Oct 22, 1732. 20 Susanna, b. May 27, 1735. Enos, b. Nov. 20, 1736 ; he was in the Revolutionary service from Barre. Sarah, b. May 3, 1739. Ezra, b, July 30, 1744 ;' was in the Lexington alarm from Athol. Jerusha, b. AprU 7, 1748. Nathaniel Hudson m. Dec. 20, 1725, Jane Banister, of Mari., dau. of John and Ruth Banister. His first chUd was born in Mari., the rest in Lancaster, where he resided at least for a period. He d. May 33, 1753. Benoni, b. June 5, 1736 ; d. June 37, 1726. Tamar, b. AprU 5, 1728. 400 27 28 2930 31 32 333435 11-16- 16-37 383940414243 44 45 46 47 16-37- 37-48 16-38- 16-45- Beriah, b. Sept. 29, 1729 ; he was in the French war from Marl. William, b. Aug. 17, 1731 ; he was three years in the Revolutionary army from Templeton. Elizabeth, b, Sept. 30, 1732 ; d. 1748. JVathaniel, b. June 27, 17.34 ; ra. Martha , and resided in Grafton. Solomon, b. July 17, 1736; d. Oct. 19, 1747 ; was killed by being run over by a cart. Martha, b. Feb. 13, and d. April 8, 1737. Darius, b. April 3, 1739 ; he was in the French war from Marl. 1756; m. Dec. 30, 1762, Dinah Goodwin, and r. in Sud. Ezekiel, b. Aug. I, 1740 ; d. at Lake George, Sept. 7, 1758, a soldier. Martha, b. Oct. 22, I74I. 36 Mary, b. April 22, 1743. John Hudson m. EUzabeth McAllister, of North. She d. May 16, 1786, aged 66, and he m. March 28, 1787, Bethia Wood, who survived him. He d. in Berlin, Aug. 6, 1799, aged 86. He resided first in Marl., and afterwards in Berlin. In 1755, he was in Capt Samuel Howe's Company in the expedition against Crown Point. He was also one of the Alarm men attached to Col. Abraham Williams's Company in Marl, in 1757. He was likewise in service at the com mencement of the Revolution. It appears that he and two of his sons were in active service in the French war, and he and his eight sons in the Revolutionary war, at some period of its continuance. '[Elisha, b. ; m. Oct. 4, 1770, Susanna Brigham. jElijah, b. ; m. Hannah Goodnow, of North. Miriam, b. April, 1746 ; ra. Jonas Babcock, of North., where she d. Moses, b. Jan. 4, 1749 ; was about five years in the Revolutionary array from Bolton ; d. unm. Aaron, b. Aug. 24, 1750 ; he was in the Lexington Alarm, 1775. Hannah, b. July 20, 1752 ; d. in Berlin, unm. Ebenezer, b. May 16, 1755 ; d. in the Revolutionary army. John, b. May 9, 1757 ; moved to Oxford ; was three years in the Con tinental army. \Charles, b. , 1759; was three years in the Continental army. '[Stephen, b. June 12, 1761 ; was three years in the Continental army. Elizabeth, b. ; ra. Nov. 18, 1779, Levi Pay, of Mari. Elisha Hudson m. Oct 4, 1770, Susanna Brigham, dau. of Samuel Brigham. He was in the service in the French war under Capt Wil liams, at No. 4, in 1756 ; also in service in 1758 and 1760. He was also in the Array of the Revolution, frora Northborough. After the war, he moved to Canada, where he d. He had recorded in Marl, two children, and several others not recorded. WUliam, b. March 29, 1770. 49 Samuel, b. Dec. 25, 1771. Elijah Hudson m. Hannah Goodnow, of North. He was in the French war in 1758, and 1759 ; an^ also in the Revolution. He had several chUdren, but we find no record of thera. He moved to Clarendon, Vt., where he d. Francis, one of his sons, resided at one time in Marl., and m. 1800, Lucretia Howe, dau. of Benjamin Howe, and had several children. Charles Hudson was a three-years' raan in the Continental ser vice, and when his time was about expiring, he was accidentally killed by our own men. Two scouting parties met in the night-time, and one mistaking the other for the enemy, fired and kUled Jiim and another man. 401 16-46- 46-50 5152 53 46-53- 52-54 55 5657 58 59 Stephen Hudson m. Feb. 10, 1791, Louisa WUliams, dau. of Larkin and Anna (Warren) WiUiams. He d. March 21, 1827, aged 68. She d. Oct. 7, 1837, aged 70. He enlisted from Marl, into the Continental army at the age of 16, and after the expiration of his term of three years, entered on board a privateer, which crossed the Atlantic and cruised on the coast of Great Britain, Spain and Portugal, and returned to the United States about the time the peace was concluded. After the war was over, he enlisted for a Western campaign against the Indians ; but some reverses at the West induced the Government to change the plan of operation, and the corapany to which he belonged proceeded no farther than West Point, where they remained till their term of service expired. While in service in the Continental army, he, with others, was taken prisoner, and carried into Philadelphia and thrown into prison, where for several raonths they suffered extremely from the closeness of their confinement, the want of provisions, and frora the wanton cruelty of the guard. The " Philadelphia Jail," and the " Jersey Prison-ship " will stand as lasting monuments of British inhumanity, and of American suffering. JVancii, b. July 8, 1791 ; d. unm. Sept. 30, 1853, aged 62. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 28, 1793 ; m. Sept 5, I8I4, 'Phomas Cooledge, and had ten children. She d. Feb. 25, 1835, aged 42. \Clmrles, b. Nov. 14, 1795 ; he has been twice married. Louisa, b. May 3, 1798 ; m. Joseph Shurtleff, and d. his widow, June 17, 1825. Charles Hudson m. July 21, 1825, Ann Rider, of Shrewsbury. She d. Sept 19, 1829, aged 23; and he ra. May II, 1830, Martha B. Rider, sister of his first wife. He was pastor of a Restorationist So ciety in Westminster twenty years ; represented that town four years in the House of Representatives, the County of Worcester six years in the Senate, and three years in the Executive Council, and the Dis trict eight, years in Congress. After leaving Congress, he was four years Naval Officer in the Custom House at .Boston — making twenty- five consecutive years' service under the State and National Govern ment. He has filled other public places. He has published several books and tracts on theological and other subjects. In 1849, he removed from Westminster to Lexington, where he now resides. His children were born in Westminster. Harriet Williams, b. Aug. 18, 1827 ; d. July 26, 1828. Harriet Ann, b. Sept 13, 1829 ; m. Sept. 4, 1854, Henry M. Sraith, and resides in Chicago, 111. Martlm B., b. April 10, 1832 ; d. April 25, 1832. Clmrles H., b. July 10, 1833; grad. a CivU Engineer at the Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard University, 1855 ; resides in Chicago, 111. John Williams, b. July 10, 1836; grad. at H. Coll., 1856. Mary E., b. March 31, 1839. THE HUNTER FAMILY. The Record of the Hunters is so defective that no full view of the faraUy can be given. Nor have I been able to learn from what place they came to Marl. Edward Hunter m. Tabitha . She d. and he m, Mrs. Moore, of Berlin. He represented the Town in the General Court. 402 1- 234 1-6- 6- -10 11 1 -7- 7- -12 1-8- 8-13 1415 16 17 1- 23 456 7 89 10 1-9- 1-10- Elizabeth, b. AprU 29, 1745 ; m. Archelaus Felton. Jo;m, b. Feb. 6, 1747; d. 1774. Edward, b. Dec. 30, 1748 ; probably moved to Henniker, N. H. ; m. Thankful Newton ; this family came back to Marl., where he had Solomon and other children. David, b. Nov. 27, 1750 ; d. 1754. '[Robert, b. March I, 1752; ra. Olive Moore. \Jonathan, b. Jan. 24, 1754 ; ra. 1773, Hannah Walkup. \David, b. , 1759 ? 9 James ? Robert Hunter m. 1st, Olive Moore ; 3d, Mrs. Catharine Wether bee, who survived him. He was several years selectman, and one of the Committee of Correspondence in 1779. He d. 1827, aged 76. John, b. Oct. 29, 1780 ; ra. April 21, 1803, Mary Wetherbee, of Stow, and d. 1835, aged 54. Betsey, b. Oct. 30, 1783 ; m. March 22, 1805, Nathan Goodale, and d. Jan. 13, 1851. Jonathan Hunter m. March 2, 1773, Hannah Walkup, of Sud. Joel, b. July 6, 1773. David PIunter m. March 16, 1794, AbigaU Temple. He d. 1824, aged 68. Jane, b. March 30, 1795; now (I860) Uving unm. Edward, b. April 20, 1797; now (1860) living unm., a hermit James, b. April 9, 1799 ; d. a young man, unm. William, b. July 30, 1803 ; unm. i Denna, b. Aug. 30, 1805; unm. 18 Ann, b. ; unm. THE HUNTING FAMILY. Samuel Hunting, with his wife Elizabeth, came to Marl, from Needham, in 1769. She d. Nov. 23, 1814. He d. July 27, I8I6, aged 73. John, b. before he carae to Marl. ; d. Aug. 28, 1775. Elizabeth, b. before she came to Marl. ; m. Nov. 10, 1785, Peter Barrows. Alexander, b. before he came to Marl. ; ra. 1794, Tryphena Eager. Samuel, b. Oct. 26, 1772. Many, b. Jan. 28, 1775 ; d. June 17, 1788. Lois, b. Aug. 3, 1776 ; m. Nov. 7, 1813, Josiah Reed. Maiy, b. Feb. 20, 1780. \John, b. Feb. 9, 1781 ; ra. Betsey Rice. \Timothy, b. AprU 18, 1784; m. Hitty . John Hunting m. 1802, Betsey Rice, dau. of Jonah and Phebe, who d. 1832. H:e d. 1835. They had John D., b. Nov. 17, 1802, and Almira, b. Feb. 17, 1804. Timothy Hunting ra. Hitty , and had Charlotte, b. 1809; Isaac L., b. 1810 ; Parmelia, b. 1812 ; SUas, b. 1815. 403 THE JEWELL FAMILY. ' "Silas Jewell, wife Abigail, and children, came to town May, 1768— came last from Stow." Such is the record, but the names of the children are not given ; it is probable that Jacob, mentioned below, was one of them. Coming into town at a late period, their record is far from being coraplete. He may have had a son, Lewis. \Jacob. b. ; m. July 23, 1788, Mary Smith. Isaac, b. April 9, 1775. '[SUas, b. July 10, 1776 ; m. 1st, Sally Walcut ; 3d, Lucy Howe. \ Gustavus, b. Oct. 7, 1779 ; m. March 11, 1804, Lovisa Maynard. Jotham, b. March 36, 1784. Abigail, b. Dec. 7, 1785 ; m. Dec. 13, 1810, David M. Giles. Jacob Jewell m. July 23, 1788, Mary Sraith. He moved to Jaffrey, N. H. Sophia, b. Sept 6, 1788. 9 Betsey, b. Sept 26, 1790. JVabby, b. July 10, 1793 ; m. 1813, Shubael Cleveland. Isaac, b. Aug. 23, 1794. 12 Mary, b. May 2, 1797. Roxana, b. Sept. 9, 1800. 14 Dexter, b. June 24, 1803. Almira, b. Dec. 19, 1805. Silas Jewell m. Sally Walcut, 1799. She d. and he m. July 29, 1818, Lucy Howe ; she d. Sept 15, 1841. Mary, b. July 13, 1799. Lurcnia, b. Oct. 12, 1802. 17 Isaac W., b. Nov. 30, 1800. 19 Arad, b. Jan. 15, 1805. Gustavus Jewell m. March 11, 1804, Lovisa Maynard. Gustus G., b. Sept 28, 1804. Moses W., b. Sept 15, 1810. 21 Emily, b. Sept. 10, 1806. 23 Clmrles P., b. March 2, 1813. THE JOHNSON FAMILY. The Johnsons came to this country early ; and some of this name are found in almost every early settlement, being, it is presumed, of different families. It is difficult to trace the ancestry of the Marl borough Johnsons ; though it it supposed they were of the Sud. stock. Solomon Johnson was in Sudbury, 1639, and was made a freeman in 1651. He was a widower in 1654, subsequently he m. Hannah Crafts. He had a famUy by his first wife, and the following are sup posed to be some of his children. Soloraon was one of the selectmen of Mari. 1661 to 1666. \John, b. ; m. in Sud. Deborah Ward, and r. in Mari. {jYathaniel, b. Feb. 1640; m. Nov. 16, 1671, Mary Plympton. \ Jonathan, b. 1642 ; ra. Mary . Joseph, b. ; m. Susanna . Nov. 19, 1667, and d. 1668. Solomon, b. 1645 ; he was in Mari. at the opening of PhUip's war. Co/e6, b. 1646. John Johnson m. in Sud. Nov. 19, 1657, Deborah Ward, dau. of WiUiam Ward, b. 1637. John Johnson, though not a petitioner for the grant, became one of the proprietors of Marl, in 1657, with his father, Soloraon, both of whora shared in the first division of the land. His 52 404 2- 89 10 11 1-3- 3-12 13141516 18 1-4- 4-20 31 22 2-9- 9-23 35 2627 3-12- 12-28 2931 3-15- 15-32 33 3435 3637 4-21- 31-38 39 4041 424344 wife d. Aug. 9, 1697, aged 60. He d. in Mari. May 4, 1713. He was one who in 1675, met to make arrangements to meet Philip's warriors. John, b. 1672 ; d. Dec. 28, 1678,—" scalded to death." '[Daniel, b. 1675; m. Dec. 23, 1697, Deborah Lamb. Elizabeth, b. July 30, 1677 ; m. Feb. 9, 1699, Joseph Wetherbee. Deborah, b. August 22, 1678. Nathaniel Johnson ra. Nov. 16, 1671, Mary Plympton. He d. July 24, 1718, aged 78. She d. Nov. 27, 1736, in her 87th year. \ Joseph, b. Oct. 5, 1672 ; ra. Jan. 9, 1705, Sarah Maynard. Samuel, b. Aug. 28, 1674 ; d. 1740, aged 66. Mary, b. Feb. 1675. ]John, b. March 24, 1679 ; m. Feb. 25, 1707, Mary Plympton. Joannah, b. Nov. 7, 1682. 17 Dorothy, b. AprU 26, 1685. Jane, b. March 22, 1687, d. 1688. 19 AbigaU, b. 1691, d. 1693. Jonathan Johnson m. Mary , 1663. He d. AprU 21, 1712, aged about 70. She d. Dec. 28, 1728. Mary, b. Sept. 9, 1664 ; m. John Matthews. William, b. Dec. 15, 1665 ; ra. 1st, Hannah , and 2d, Hannah . \ Jonathan, b. Jan. 2, 1667 ; ra. Dec. 24, 1689, Mary Keriey. Daniel Johnson m. Deborah Lamb, of Framingham. She d. Jan. 7, 1760. Solomon, b. Oct. 13, 1698. 24 Deborah, b. March 8, I70I. Martha, b. Oct 6, 1703 ; ra. EUsha Hedge. Daniel, b. Aug. 23, 1709 ; ra. 1736, Sarah Holland, lived in Shrewsbury. Zebediah, b. Aug. 28, 17 — ; ra. I73I, Esther Richardson, of Leicester, and resided in Shrewsbury. Joseph Johnson ra. Sarah Maynard. He d. July 7, 1727. \ Joseph, b. Oct. 5, 1705 ; m. Nov. 30, 1727, Susanna Joslin. Sarah, b. March 3, 1708. 30 Zeruiah, b. Sept 10, 1712. David, b. AprU 20, 1721 ; d. April 7, 1725. John Johnson ra. Feb. 25, 1707, Mary Tlympton. She d. July 19, 1720, aged 39. He d. Feb. 15, 1758. '[Abraham, b. June 13, 1709. Abigail, b. Sept 1, 1711; d. Feb. 10, 1760, unm. Elizabeth, b. July 30, 1713; d. Oct 30, 1756, unra. John, b. May 29, 1715; he was in the French war in 1756. Maiy, b. Dec. 8, 1716. \JVathaniel, b. March 18, I7I8 ; m. Sarah Forbush. She d. Dec. 18, 1696, William Johnson ra. 1st, Hannah — and he m. 2d, Hannah . William, b. Feb. 22, 1689. Hannah, b. July 20, 1691 ; m. Jan. 20, 1713, Thomas Stow. Thomas, b. Aug. 28, 1694. Many, b. Dec. 4, 1696 ; m. Nov, 12, 1718, Thomas Green. Moses, b. Sept. 25, 1700 ; m. March 15, 1727, Sarah Bush. Ruth, b. Jan. 16, 1702 ; m. Jan. 26, 1725, Daniel Woods. Hepzibah, b. AprU 5, 1704 ; d. Jan. 19, 1719. 405 454749 4-23- 22-50 51525355 5758 12-28- 28-59 60 6162 15-32- 32-64 66 686970 71 72 74 15-37- 37-75 7779 81 82 84 22-50- 50-85 87 §9 22-51- 51-90 92 94 Elizabeth, b. July 18, 1705. Mercy, b. Dec. 14, 1709. Jaco6, b. AprU 6, 1717. 46 Ebenezer, b. Nov. 6. 1707. 48 Isaac, b. April 12, 1713. Jo.NATHAN JoHlysoN m. Mary Kerley. He was slain bv the Indians Oct 12, 1708. ' '[Timothy, b. May 18, 1690 ; m. July 22, 1713, Ruth Matthews. f Jonatlmn, b. June 13, 1692; ra. Nov. 28, 1723, AbigaU Bellows. Maiy, b. Sept 5, 1694 ; d. young. Sarah, b. March 25, 1695. 54 Jotham, b. March 30, 1699. Martha, b. Jan. 26, 1701. 56 Mary, b. Oct. 2, 1704. Jbsepli, ?b. March 2 1707-^ '"• **"ch 9, 1730, Hannah Bruce, > ) ' ' 'I [Mendon. Hannah, Joseph Johnson m. Nov. 30, 1727, Susanna Joslin, who d. 1734, and he m. Nov. 11, 1735, Thankful Morse ; he d. Oct II, 1756. David, b. Oct 12, 1728; d. July }.6, 1732. Joseph, b. Nov. 29, 1736; d. young. Susanna, b. Aug. 21, 1738; ra. Dec. 7, 1762, Phinehas Bruce. Thankful, b. June II, 1741. 63 Joseph, b. Sept 15, 1742. Abraham Johnson m. Sarah . She d. March 21, 1757, and he ra. Lydia . 65 Sarah, Sept. 15, 1733. 67 Ephraim, b. Sept. 25, 1738. Abralmm, b. July 2, 1731. Miriam, b. Nov. 10, 1735. Samuel, b. July 7, 1741. Solomon, b. March 15, 1744; d. AprU 25, 1749. Joannali, b. July 1, 1746; d. Jan. 26, 1760. Dorothy, b. July 30, 1752 ; d. Jan. 7, 1760. Benjamin, b. March 19, 1760. 73 Reuben, h. May 3, 1762. Solomon, b. April 13, 1765. Nathaniel Johnson ra. Dec. 31, 1740, Sarah Forbush, of West borough.Joel, b. Oct. 31, 1743. 76 Silas, b. April 21, 1746. Sarah, b. July 26, 1748. 78 Stephen, b. June 6, 1751. Catharine, b. April 25, 1753. 80 Mary, b. Oct. 15, 1755. Susanna, b. July 5, 1758 ; d. Aj-ril 16, 1761. Persis, b. May 2, 1760. 83 JVathaniel, b. Jan. 12, 1762. Aaron, b. May 10, 1763. Timothy Johnson m. June 22, 1713, Ruth Matthews. AaiAan, b. Sept 17, 1713. David, b. Aug. 25, 1718. Eunice, b. May 25, 1723. 86 Dinah, b. Sept. 25, 1715. 88 Hannah, b. Oct. 15, 1720. Jonathan Johnson m. Nov. 23, 1723, Abigail Bellows. AbigaU, b. Aug. 30, 1724. Hazadiah, b. Feb. 22, 1729. Thias, b. June 22, 1733. 91 Mary, b. Jan. 12, 1727. 93 Jonathan, b. March 23, 1731. The record of the Johnsons is incomplete from the fact that fhey resided in the southerly part of the town, which fell into Southboro' on the division of the territory, and their record would naturally be transferred to the new town. 406 1- 2 3 50 1-3- 3- 89 1013 14 1-5- 5-15 16 18 20 22 2-8- JONES. — Samuel Jones, by wife Susanna, had Jonathan, b. March 18, 1732; Sarah, b. Feb. 17, 1734 ; Ichabod, b. March 11, 1736; Silas, b. May 7, 1738; Timothy, b. AprU 9, 1740; JVathan, b. Aug. 1, 1742. Samuel Jones, Jr., by wife Mehitabel, had Mehitabel, b. Aug. 17, 1749. THE JOSLIN FAMILY. Thomas Joslin, aged 43, and Rebecca his wife, aged 43, with their children, Rebecca aged 18, Dorothy aged 11, Nathaniel aged 8, Elizabeth aged 6, and Mary aged 1 year, embarked at London, April 1635, for America. Abraham, an older son, does not appear to have come with thera, but a short time after, he is here with the faraily, which settled first at Hingham, of which Thomas was one of the proprietors in 1637. Abraham was in Hingham in 1647. Thomas and his son Nathaniel subscribed to the town covenant in Lancaster, 1654. Thomas d. 1660, aged about 68, and his wid. m. 1664, WiUiam Kerley.\Abraham, b. about I6I5, m. Bettrice . Rebecca, b. 1617. 4 Dorothy, b. 1624. \JVathaniel, b. 1627 ; m. Sarah King. Elizabeth, b. 1629. 7 Mary, b..l634. Abraham, like the rest of the family, was b. in England. He is spoken of as a mariner. He m. Bitteris or Bettrice . He probably had a brother Henry, not mentioned above in the list of his father's children, who was quite conspicuous in New Hampshire and Maine, in the early Indian wars. Abraham raoved to Lancaster before 1603, and d. before 1670. Most of his children were b. in Hingham. '[Abraham, bap. in Hinghara, 1649. Philip, bap. 1650; d. Aug. 3, 1663. JVathaniel, bap. 1660, Mary, b. in Lan. 1666. Rebecca, birth not found, 11 Joseph, b. in Lan. 1663. 13 Henry, birth not found. Nathaniel Joslin settled first in Lancaster, and after the destruc tion of that town, he reraoved to Marl. He m. Sarah King, dau. of Thoraas King, of Mari. He d. April 8, 1694. His wUl, dated March 3, 1694, mentions wife Sarah, sons Nathaniel and Peter, and 5 dau., Sarah, Dorothy, Rebecca, Elizabeth and Martha, and his brother-in- law, WiUiam Keriey. His wid., Sarah, d. July 3, 1706. We have not the birth of his children. JVathaniel, b. in Lan. June 31, 1658 ; d. 1667. Sarah, b. . 17 Dorothy, b. . Rebecca, b . 19 Elizabeth, b. . jJVathaniel, b. . 21 Mary, b. . '[Peter, b. . Abraham Joslin, of Lan., m. Ann . They had a dau. Beatrix or Beatrice. This famUy came to a tragical end. When the Indians attacked Lancaster, in 1675, he and his family took refuge in the house of Rev. Mr. Rolg#idson. After the most vigorous defense, the house was set on fire, when the only alternative was to perish in the 407 5-20- 30-33 24 2536 37 28 29303132 3334 35 5-22- 20-38- 28-36 37 39 20-34- 34-40 41 42 4344 454749 50 515355 57 flames or fall into the hands of the merciless foe. Joslin was killed while defending the inmates of the house ; but his wife and daughter were taken captive, with Mrs. Rolandson, carried away, and barba rously murdered in the wilderness. Nathaniel Joslin m. Hester Morse, 1682. She d. April 27, 1725, aged 61. He d. March 8, 1726. 6,s.L^^ fSb.S.ki Hester, b. May 20, 1683 ; m. Feb. 17, 1707, Samuel Lamb. Mary, b. April 14, 1685 ; ra. Oct 5, 1709, James Newton. Patience, b. Feb. 27, 1686 ; d. 1687. JVathaniel, b. 1689 ; d. young. JVathaniel, b. Feb. 22, 1691 ; m. Sarah Forbush. \Israel, b. April 7, 1692 ; m. Sarah . Martlm, b. Aug. 20, 1694 ; d. May 6, 1718. Experience, b. Oct 26, 1696; m. Oct 11, 1727, Ebenezer Snow. Abigail, b. Feb. II, 1698 ; m. Oct 31, 1721, Hezekiah Bush. Joseph, b. Nov. 23, 1699; ra. Dec. 6, 1726, Catharine Reed, r. at Westboro'. Susanna, b. Dec. 27, 1701 ; m. Nov. 30, 1727, Joseph Johnson. '[Abraham, b. AprU 30, 1704 ; m. May 23, 1728, Jemima Snow. {Thomas, b. March 10, 1707 ; m. Lucy Forbush, of Westboro'. Peter Joslin m. Howe, dau. of John and Elizabeth, and lived in Lancaster, as the following sad incident shows. On the 18th of July, 1693, the Indians attacked the house of Peter Joslin, of Lan caster, while he was at work in the field. He knew nothing of it until he returned to his dwelling, when he beheld the heart-rending spectacle of his wife and three children, with a Mrs. Whitcomb, who happened to be with thera, weltering in their blood — having been barbarously massacred by the Indians. Nor were his feelings at all relieved, when he found that his wife's sister and another of his chil dren were carried into captivity. His wife's sister returned, but his child was murdered. The person here spoken of was Miss Elizabeth Howe, of Marl borough, who after her redemption was m. to Thomas Keyes, of Marl. Israel Joslin m. AprU 39, 1719, Sarah Cleaveland. soldier in the French war. He was a Patience, b. Nov. 38, 1730 ; d. Dec. 3, 1720. Sarah, b. Dec. 25, 1721. 38 Elizabeth, b. Dec. 28, 1723. JVathaniel, b. Nov. 4, 1726. Abraham Joslin ra. 1728, Jemima Snow, of Woburn. She d. July 3, 1745, and he m. Sarah . Jemima, b. July 29, 1729. Abraham, b. Jan. 6, I73I ; d. May 17, 1749. \Ebenezer, b. Nov. 12, 1732; m. May 31, 1764, Lydia Church. Dorothy, b. July 15, 1734. Azubah, b. Oct. 2, 1736 ; d. June 2, 1750. - -¦ m Samuel, b. Ang. 2, 1739. 48 Bridget, b. May, 1743 ; d. 1749. m. 1765, Persis Carley. William, b. Oct 10, 1747; d. 1766. Submit, b. March 10, 1749. 52 Abraham, b. March 24, 1751. Sarah, b. Dec. 5, 1752. 54 Dinah, b. Dec. 3, 1754. John, b. June 2, 1757. 56 Elizabeth, b. June 2, 1760. flenn;, b. Oct 23, 1762. Peter, b. Jan. 24, 1738, James, b. AprU 13, 1741. Benjamin, b. July 3, 1746 408 20-35- 35-58 5960 6162 63 64 65 34-42- 42-66 68 Thomas Joslin ra. Mary . She d. Dec. '23, 1737, and hem. Dec. 31, 1740, Lucy Forbush, of Westborough. He was in the French war, and d. at Fort Williara-Henry, 1760. Esther, b. Aug. 16, 1729; m. Dec. 18, I75I, Josiah Moore. Mary, b. Oct. 16, 1730 ; m. Feb. 6, 17.52, John Bruce. Susanna, b. Oct 8, 1733; ra. Feb. 13, 1752, Tiraothy Bruce. She had a large family, and d. in Marl, in 1832; at the advanced age of 99 years. Catharine, b. July 20, 1735. Lucy, b. 1741 ; d. 1743. Israel, b. July 13, 1743 ; m. 1769, Ann Newton. Thomas, b. Aug. 6, 1745 ; he was a soldier in the Revolution. Jonas, b. April 25, 1750. Ebenezer Joslin m. May 31, 1764, Lydia Church. Silas, b. Sept 29, 1764. 67 Lucy, b. Oct 31, 1766. WiUiam, b. Jan. 16, 1769. There were other Joslins in town, probably connected with the above families, of which there is no connected record. Thomas Joslin (probably No. 64) came into Marl, from Sud., Sept., 1767, with his wife Mary, and Lucy and Nell, his children. He d. 1810, and his wife, 1818. I'he name has become extinct in Marl. THE KERLEY FAMILY. William Kerley was early in the Colony, and was a man of con siderable prominence. He had land assigned hira on Pedock's Island, Nantasket, in 1642. Though not an original petitioner, he became a proprietor of Marl, in 1657, and shared in the first division of the land. He was for several years one of the selectmen of the town, and was appointed by the General Court, in 1667, to lay out a tract of land between Concord, Lancaster and Groton. He d. 1684. His will, dated 1683, and proved 1684, mentions wife Anna, (dau. of Thomas King,) brother Henry, brother-in-law Nathaniel Joslin, and father-in-law, Thomas King. He gave brother Henry his sword, belts, and other arms, and his military books — showing that he was a man of war. Henry Kerley, b. 1658 ; m. Elizabeth , who d. April 26, 17I0, and he d. Dec. 18, 1713. He rose to the dignity of a captain. Hannah, b. 1678 ; m. March 33, 1798, Zerubbabel Eager. Mercy, b. May 2, 1681 ; ra. Nov. 10, 1708, Joseph Rice. There were other Kerleys, or Carleys, as the name has latteriy been written, in the town, but the imperfect record does not enable us to trace thera. Job Carley, by wife Sarah, had Silas, b. Nov. 8, 1734, d. young; Sarah, b. AprU 6, 1739 ; Silas, b. May 22, 1744, ra. 1769, Hannah Walker ; Joseph, b. Oct 22, 1752, m. Jan. 2, 1781, Ruhamah Davis, of Stow, and d. 1833, aged 80 ; Job, b. Nov. 28, 1760, m. April 17, 1781, Christian Kuhn. Abraham Carley, by wife Susanna, had Mary, b. 1742 ; Edery, b. 1743 ; Moses, b. 1746 ; Joel, b. 1748. 409 1-6- 6-7 8 10 11 6-8- 8-13 13 1415 1618 6-10- 10-19 2021 2223 6-11- 11-24 25 THE KEYES FAMILY. James Keyes was one of the proprietors of the Indian plantation in 1693. He may have been in the town some years before that time. He was probably a descendant of Robert Keyes, of Watertown, as will be seen below. Robert Keyes was in Wat early, and moved to Newbury before 1645, and d. 1647. His wife's name was Sarah. Sarah, b. May 26, 1633. 3 Rebecca, b. May 17, 1638. Phebe, b. June 17, 1639. 5 Many, b. I64I, d. 1642. \Elias, b. May 20, 1643 ; m. Sarah Blanford. Elias Keyes ra. Sept II, 1665, Sarah Blanford. He settled in Sudbury. Elias, b. Nov. 15, 1666. \James, b. Sept. 13, 1670. 9 Sarah, b. April II, 1673. \Thonms, b. Feb. 8, 1674 ; ra. Jan. 23, 1699, Elizabeth Howe. \john ? b ; ra. March II, 1696, Mary Earaes. James Keyes m. Hannah He was in Mari. before 1693. Elias, b. Sept. 18, 1694; m. 1718, Keziah Brigham, raoved to Shrews. James, b. Aug. 2, 1696; moved to Shrewsbury. J\dattliias, 1 ^_ j^^g JO jg9g_ Jonathan, ^ ' Elizabeth, b. April 12, 1701. 17 William, b. Jan. 27, 1702. Hannah, b. Jan. 12, 1704. Thomas Keyes m. June 23, 1699, Elizabeth Howe, dau. of John and Elizabeth. She was on a visit in Lancaster in 1692, at the house of her brother-in-law Peter Joslin, when the Indians attacked the house, murdered the family, and carried her into captivity ; as stated No. 15, p. 382. David, b. Oct. 30, 1699 ; he fell with a timber upon his shoulder, and d. instantly, 1720. Jonathan, b. Nov. 17, 1702 ; settled in Shrewsbury. He ra. Patience .Morse, of Marl. Cyprian, b. Sept. 15, 1706; settled in Shrewsbury, where he d. in his 96th year. Dinah, b. March 4, 1710; m. 1731, John Weeks, and resided on her old homestead. Thomas, b. Sept 29, 1713; d. young. John Keyes ra. March 11, 1696, Mary Eames, dau. of Gershom Eames. We have not the exact date of his coming to Marl. Proba bly about the time of his marriage. His children were b. in Marl. He afterward moved to Shrewsbury, where he was in 1733. In that year he was building a new house not far from the old one, which was so far finished that a part of his faraily were sleeping in it. In the night time in August, 1733, his houses were consumed by fire, and sad to relate, three of his sons perished in the flames ! Capt. Keyes, wife and four dau. were sleeping in the old house, and were saved. \ Gershom, b. March 1, 1698; m. Sarah . Maty, b. Oct 34, 1700; m. Daniel Rand, 1730. 410 26 27 28 2930 31 11-24- 11-26- 1- 3 2- 3 5 ^Solomon, b. Aug. 30, 1703 ; m. Sarah . Hannah, b. July 9, 1706 ; m. Gershom Flagg, 1725. Thankful, b. May 24, 1709; m. Jonas Keyes, 1738. John, b. April 30, 1713 ; perished in the burning house. Sarah, b. March 5, 1715 ; m. Dec. 21, 1731, Joshua Wilder. Steplien, b. April 2, 1718 ; burned to death in the house. They probably had another son, who perished in the flames. The number which thus perished is said to have been three, and Gershom and Solomon were living after that period. Gershom Keyes m. about 1718, Sarah . After the birth of the children given below, he moved to Boston, and became a wealthy merchant. They had in Marl. Francis, b. Dec. 5, 1719; Humphreti, b. Aug. 29, 1721; Lucretia, b. Aug. 18, 1723; Levina, b. Feb. 16, 1726 ; Elizabeth, b. AprU 4, 1728. Solomon Keyes m. Sarah 1727; David, b. Sept 1, 1729. -, and had, Solomon, b. May 19, KIDDER.— Aaron Kidder m. March 19, 1749, Rachel Bush, and had Tlwmas, b. Sept. 16, 1750; Joanna, b. 1752; Lucy, b. 1757; Rachel, b. 1759.; Eunice, b. 1761. KNAP.— Abijah Knap m. Nov. 29, 1744, AbigaU Ward, and had Lucy, b. 1745; Abigail, b. 1748; Benjamin, b. July 18, 1751; Elizabeth, b. 1754. KNIGHTS. — Amaziah Knights, by his wife Jane, had Eunia, b. 1755 ; Aaron, b. July 30, 1759. LEE. — Jonathan and Sarah Lee had Henry, b. June 11, 1786; and WUliam Dexter, b. March 6, 1788. LENNARD. — Moses Lennard, by his wife Mercy (Newton) had Moses, b. Nov. 1, 1706 ; Ezra, b. Sept 19, 1711 ; Mercy, b. Dec. 1, 1714 — and by wife Hannah, had Jonas, b. Oct. 19, 1717. LEWIS. — Joseph Lewis, by wife Phebe, had Thomas, b. June 5, 1763 ; Lydia, b. 1764 ; Lucy, b. 1766; Stephen, b. Feb. 23, 1769; John, b. Nov. 7, 1771. THE LORING FAMILY. Rev. Israel Loring was b. in Hull, April 6, 1682 ; grad. H. C. 1701, and was ordained at Sud. Nov. 20, 1706, where he d. March 9, 1772, aged 90 years. He was probably a grandson of Thomas Loring, of Hingham, who was made freeman 1636. Israel Loring m. Mary Heyraan, of Charlestown, and had John, b. April 27, 1710 ; Jonathan, b. Aug. 29, 1719, and JVathan, b. Nov. 37, 1721, and five dau. Jona than settled in Marl. Jonathan Loring m. Elizabeth Woods, dau. of Benjamin and EUzabeth Woods, Jan. 4, 1741. She d. Jan. 18, 1776. He. d. Deo. 24, 1782. Abel, b. March 25, 1741. Israel, b. Feb. 9, 1745. 4 Heyman, b. March 9, 1743. 6 John, b. AprU 7, 1747 ; d. young. 411 \John, b. Sept 7, 1749; m. 1783, Mary Beaman. William, b. June 10, 1752 ; m. March 22, 1777, Sarah WUliams. d. and he m. 2d, 1815, Mrs. Esther Tainter. '[Thomas, b. Feb. 18, 1755; m. March 20, 1780, Phebe Howe. She John Loring m. 1783, Mary Beaman, dau. of Noah and Lydia (Howe) Beaman. He was a leading man in the town, represented Marl, eight years in the General Court, and held the oflice of Justice of the Peace. Phebe, b. Oct 28, 1783 ; d. June 6, 1785. Manj, b. Oct 24, 1785 ; ra. Nov. 2, 1808, Calvin Nurse, of Bolton. Sophia, b. May 2, 1787 ; d. unm. WUliam, b. April 27, 1789 ; m. Oct. 19, 182,5, Anna Newton; d. Nov. 2, 1843. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 10, 1792; ra. Oct 17, 1819, William C. Allen. John, b. July 22, 1795 ; m. May 31, 1827, Harriet WUliams. Elmer, b. Sept. 8, 1797 ; m. Mary M. Hastings, Boylston. Lydia, b. April 2, 1800 ; ra. John Clisby. Evelina, b. Dec. 13, 1808 ; d. unm. Thomas Loring ra. March 20, 1780, Phebe Howe. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 3, 1780. 20 Mary, b. Dec. 28, 1782. Hollis C. Loring, an adopted son of Capt. William Loring, m. I8I4, Cynthia Viles, of Weston. She d. Aug. 31, I8I7, and he ra. Aug. 6, I8I8, Catharine WUkins. He had Cynthia, b. 1815, d. young ; and Hollis, b. May 31, 1817, m. Oct. 20, 1842, Laura W. Hitchcock. He has been a trader in Marl., has filled several important offices, and has represented the town in the Legislature, and holds a commission of Justice of the Peace. LYSCOM.— Samuel Lyscom, by wife Mary, had Mary, b. I7I8 ; Abigail, b. 1720 ; Hannah, b. April 29, 1722; Samuel, b. April I, 1724 ; Rebecca, b. 1726. MANN.— Nathan Mann, by wife Esther, had Betsey, b. July 5, 1774 ; William, b. Sept. 5, 1775 ; Cynthia, b. Oct. 5, 1778. MANSON.— Loring Manson m. July 26, 1795, Elizabeth Sawin, and had Hannah S., b. Feb. 15, 1796; ra. Truman Stow; George E., b. Nov. 6, 1797; m. 1821, Harriot Felton. He was in trade many years at Feltonville, and served in raany town offices, held a Commis sion of Justice of the Peace, and has for many years been Post Master of the place. Elizabeth, b. Aug. -25, 1799; Ann, b. AprU 29, 1801 ; Almira, b. June 8, 1803 ; Sally, b. July 29, 1805; Caroline, b Nov. 5, 1807; Phebe R, b. July 23, 1808. Loring Manson was burnt out in Marl, and subsequently moved to Framingham. MARBLE. — Jonathan Marble m. Sarah , and had 10 chil dren— ./Man/, b. Sept 10, 1717 ; Joseph, b. March 29, I7I9; Jonathan, b. March 27, 1721 ; Jedediah, b. Oct. 7, 1722 ; Elizabeth, b. Sept. 28, 1724, m. 1742, EUas Witt; Samuel, b. Aug. 5, 1726; Sybil, b. June 26, 1730; Jotham, b. July 28, 1732; Sarah, b. AprU 17, 1734; JVathan, b. July 11, 1735. Robert Marble, by wife Elizabeth, had Elizabeth, b. July 15, 1739 ; Aaron, b. July 6, 1742 : Moses, b. June 5, 1746. 53 412 1-4- 4- 68 10 II 12 13 1-5- 5-14 15 4-10- MARTIN. — Thomas Martin was one of the proprietors of the Ockoocangansett Plantation, and his name is borne on the list in 1693, to whom land had been granted. He d. Nov. 13, 1701. He probably had three children with hira in Marl. 1st, Mary, who m. 1718, Isaac Arasden ; 2d, Adam, who ra. Feb. 22, 1708, Mary Church, and had Elizabeth, b. Jan. 6, 1710; Aaron, b. Jan. 21, 1712; and Adam, b. Aug. 5, 1716. and d. Aug. 7, 1716; Adam, the father, d. April 25, 1716; 3d, Thomas, who m. Jan. 31, 1710, Mary Gove, and had Huldali, b. April 27, 1711 ; Abraham, b. Oct. 15, 1713; Patience, b. April 1,3, 1715; Man/, b. Dec. 16, 1718, m. 1737, Nathaniel Stevens; Dorothy, b. 1722; Sarah, b. 1724; and Phebe, b. 1727. Thomas, the father, d. Oct 4, 1729. Adam Martin m. Feb. 23, 1708, Mary Church, and had Elizabeth, b. Jan. 6, 1710 ; Aaron, b. Jan. 21, I7I2; Adam, b. Aug. 5, 1716, d. Aug. 7, 1716. Adam, the father, d. April 25, I7I0. MASON. — Aaron Mason, by wife AbigaU, had Aaron, h. Sept. 27, 1753; AbigaU, b. March 24, 1755; Huldali, b. Sept. 25, 1757; Charles, b. March 28, 1759 ; Moses, b. AprU 8, 1761. THE MATTHEWS FAMILY. John Matthews m. Mary Johnson. She d. June 22, 1710, and he m. Dec. 3, 1713, Sarah Garfield. Living in the southeriy part of the town, his faraily were set off to Southboro', where most of his children were born. Lydia, b. March 16, 1691 ; d. 1706. 3 Ruth, b. May 9, 1693. ^John, b. Jan. 18, 1695 ; m. 1718, Jerusha Bigelow. \Daniel, b. March 16, 1697 ; ra. 1724, Eunice Morse. John Matthews m. Dec. 11, 1718, Jerusha Bigelow. children but the first three were b. in Southborough. All his John, b. Oct 17, 1719. 7 Joseph, b. Nov. 12, 1721 ; d. young. Jerusha, b. March 3, 1724. 9 Sarah, b. ; d. young. '[Barnabas, b. 1730; ra. 1755, Anna Munroe. Sybil, b. 1732. Paul, b. 1734; ra. 1759, Lucy Rice. Tlmnkful, b. 1739. Daniel Matthews m. Nov. 5, 1724, Eunice Morse. He had in addition to the two below, Solomon, b. 1729; Eunice, b. 1730; Asahd, h. 1732; Samuel, b. 17.34; Persis and Hannah, b. 1735; SUas, b. 1737; Phinehas, b. 1739, d. young; Thankful, b. 1741; Aaron, b. 1743; Phinelms, b. 1744, and Grace, b. 1748,— b. in Southboro'. Daniel, b. Oct 28, 1725 > ^^ . , T ^ , , ,..„., Joel b. Jan. 25 1727. I J-'aniel and Joel alone are recorded in Marl. Barnabas Matthews m. July I, 1755, Anna Munroe, and had in Mari. Anna, b. May 21, 1757; Molly, b. July 31, 1758. This name is spelt, Matthews, Mathews, Mathis, Mathes. 413 1- 3 3 4 56789 10II 12 1-5- * 5-13 14 15 161719 20 21 1-7- -22 232425 262728 29 8-30 32 3436 5-14- THE MAYNARD FAMILY. The Maynards were among the first settlers of Marl., and some of the name remain in town to this day. John Maynard, one of the petitioners for the grant of Marl., was in Sudbury in 1038, and was one of the forty-seven who shared in the division of the Sudbury Meadows in 1639. He was one of the select men of Sud. He ra. April ,5, 1658, Mary Gates. He raoved to Marl. soon after the grant, in 1657, where he d. Dec. 22, 171 1. Elizabeth, b. May 26, 1649 ; d. young. Hannah, b. Sept. 30, 1653. Many, b. Aug. 3, 1656 ; d. March 28, 171 7. '[John, b. Jan. 7, 1661 ; ra. Lydia Ward. Elizabeth, b. April 2, 1664. f Simon, b. June 15, 1666 ; m. Hannah . \David-, b. Dec. 21, 1669 ; m. Hannah . Zachariah, b. Oct. 27, 1672. Sarah, b. May 15, 1680 ; ra. June 9, 1705, Joseph Johnson. Lydia, b. Aug. 29, 1682 ; ra. April 7, 1703, Thoraas Haggate. Joseph, b. Aug. 27, 1685 ; ra. Elizabeth Prue, and had Benjamin, b. May 7, 1721 ; d. same year. John Maynard m. Lydia Ward, dau. of Richard Ward, of Sud. He d. March 15, 1731, aged 70 ; and she d. Jan. 10, 1740, aged 76. He was an ensign. John, b. Aug. 27, 1690; ra. July 23, 1719, Hepzibah Brighara. '[Daniel, b. March 16, 1692 ; ra. Mary . James, b. March 31, 1694 ; m. Mary Morse, and resided at Westboro'. Man/, b. Feb. 10, 1696 ; d. March 28, I7I7. Reuben, b. Oct. 21, 1698. 18 Abigail, h. Feb. 2, I70I. Phinehas, b. May 20, 1703; d. July 1, 1725. Bethiah, b. Sept. 24, 1705 ; d. Aug. 7, 1720. ^Hezekiah, h. June 17, 1708 ; m. June 11, 1739, Tabitha Howe. Simon Maynard ra. Hannah . He d. Jan. 19, 1748. She d. April 5, 1748. Hannah, b. June 9, 1694 ; m. AprU 21, 1714, Joseph Crosby. Simon, b. March 4, 1696 ; m. Nov. 18, 1718, Sarah Church ; had Mary. Elizabeth, b. Sept. 26, 1698 ; m. 1723, Robert Horn. Tabitlm, b. Feb. 2, 1701 ; d. April 7, 1724. Elisha, b. March 20, 1703. Eunice, b. Nov. 17, 1705 ; m. 1730, Nathaniel Falkner. '[Ephraim., b. Oct. 17, 1707; m. 1st, Sarah , and 2d, Jan. 3, 1743, Mary Balcom. Benjamin, b. Dec. 1, 1709 ; d. 171 1. David Maynard m. Hannah Keziah, b. Jiily 10, 1703. Rulmmah, b. Dec. 20, 1706. Martha, b. Aug. 7, I7I0. Jotham, b. May 29, 1714. 31 David, b. Jan. 20, 1705. 33 Jonathan, b. Dec. 26, 1708. 35 Jesse, b. June 24, 1712. 37 Ebenezer, b. May 18, 1716. Daniel Maynard ra. Mary . He d. Jan. I, 1760. I am not confident that this Daniel was the son of John and Lydia Ward, b. 1692. Mary, wid. of Daniel, d. April 4, 180,5, aged 95. 414 14-38 394041424344 5-21- 21-45 4647 7-28- 28-48 49 5051 525354 14-41- 14-42- 14-43- 43-56 .58.5960 61 21-46- 46-62 64650667 69707173 28-51- 51-74 75 Lucy, b. Dec. 8, 1735 ; d. unm. Oct 25, 1817, aged 82. Daniel, b. Aug. 31, 1737; d. I7.5'J. Sabilla, b. Oct 25, 1739; m. 1761, Abner Whipple. \ William, b. May 18, 1742 ; ra. Oct 24, 1765, Lucy Howe. \ Jedediah, b. Jan. 15, 1745 ; ra. July 13, 1765, Susanna Rogers. \Elihu, b. AprU 6, 1748. Mary, b. July 15, 1751 ; m. 1770, Jedediah Tainter. Hezekiah Maynard m. June II, 1739, Tabitha Howe, dau. of John and Deliverance. He d. Oct 28, 1781. Bethia, b. March 22, 1740 ; d. Nov. 23, 1752. \Hezekiah, b. Jan. 20, 1742 ; ra. June 21, 1769, Hannah Brigham. Adam, b. AprU 26, 1744. Ephraim Maynard m. 1st, Sarah ¦ he m. 2d, Jan. 3, 1743, Mary Balcom. -, who d. May '24, 1749, and Tabitha, b. July 21, 1738 ; d. May 24, 1742. Ephraim, b. March 7, 1740 ; d. May lO, 1742. Sarah, b. Nov. 0, 1743. \Ephraim, b. Aug. 29, 1745 ; m. Sept 14, 1773, Eunice JeweU. \Simon, b. June 5, 1748 ; m. SUence Priest. {Joseph, b. Dec. 31, 1750 ; m. Nov. 14, 1777, Lovina Barnes. Benjamin, b. March 10, 1753. ' 55 Eunice, b. Feb. 7, 1757. William Maynard m. Oct. 24, 1765, Lucy Howe, and had Catt, b. 1767, and Windsor, b. Nov. 6, 1768, and perhaps other children. Jedediah Maynard ra. Susanna Rogers, July, 1765, and had Daniel, b. July 21, 1765, and perhaps others. Elihu Maynard m. Phebe Belcher? He d. June 20, 1806, aged 58. He was a Lieut She d. Feb. 9, 1807. Hemy, b. Feb. II, 1781. 57 t^uincy, b. Aug. 25, 1790. Zilpah, b. Jan 23, 1792; ra. I8I3, George W. Sergeant Persis, b. Nov, I, 1795 ; ra. 1817, Barnabas Brigham. Mary, b. Sept. 23, 1799. Finis Gassett, b. March 26, 1804 ; m. Isaac Borden. Hezekiah Maynard m. Hannah Brigham. She d. Jan. 14, 1815. He d. March 14, 1824, aged 82. Bethiah, b. AprU 9, 1770. 63 Zadock, b. Sept. 4, 1771 ; d. I77fi. Abel, b. June 3, 1773; m. Nancy , and had William. Capt Abel d. Oct 31,1811. '[John, b. Aug. 9, 1775 ; m. Sept. 7, 1794, Dorothy Hayden. Silas, b. Sept 12, 1777; d. Aug. 4, 1806. Calvin, b. Aug. 3, 1779. 68 Hannah, b. Feb. 28, 1782. Hezekiah, b. Feb. 29, 1784. Luther, b. Aug. 9, 1785; d. Feb. 6, 181.5. Joel, b. May 26, 1788. 73 Charles, h. June 9, 1790. WiUard, b. Sept. 7, 1793; d. Jan. 6, 1815. Epbraim Maynard m. Eunice JeweU, 1773. She d. May 9, 1812. He d. Aug. 25, 1826, aged 84. Levi, b. March 5. 1774; m. 1794, Lydia Stow.- Molly, b. March 10, 1776. 415 76 777879 80 81 28-52- 52-82 8384 28-53- 53-85 8788 46-05- 65-89 91 51-76- 76-92 94 9698 100102104106 52-82- 82-107 108 '[Ephraim, b. Jan. '31, 1778. He m. three wives, and had 15 children. Lydia, b. Nov. 7, 1779; ni. Oct. 6, 1800, George Peters. Luther, b. Aug. 21, 1781 ; m. 1804, Susanna Maynard. Lovisa, b. May 19, 1785 ; m. 1804, Gustavus Jewell. JVabby, h. AprU 12, 1787. Calvin, b. Aug. 22, 1793; ra. 1815, Judith Walcut. Simon Maynard ra. SUence Priest He d. Nov. 15, 1818, aged 71. \Isaac, b. Dec. 7, 1779 ; m. 1803, Lydia Howe. Hannah, b. Dec. 28, 1782 ; m. Jan. 31, 1802, Peace Peters. John Priest, h. June 2, 1791 ; m. 1812, Betsey Weeks, dau. of John, and had WUliam, b. March II, 1813. Joseph Maynard ra. Nov. 24, 1777, Levina Barnes. William, b. Dec. 14, 1777. 86 JVathaniel, b. Feb. 27, ¦ Elizabeth, b. Feb. 7, 1783 ; m. 1806, Josiah Hapgood. Joseph, b. June 30, 1785. John Maynard m. Sept. 7, 1794, Dorothy Hayden. Thomas J., b. March 29, 1802. 90 Martin, b. Jan. 10, 1804. Susanna Walcut, b. Aug. 25, 1805. Ephraim Maynard ra. Mary Stow, Aug. 18, 1801. She d. 1891, and he m. 2d, Eliza Smith, 1822. She d. and he m. 3d, Sarah MUls, 1831. He had nine children by his first wife, four by his second, and two by his third. Aaron, b. Oct 4, 1802. Sumner, b. March 8, 1807. Samuel D., b. March 19, 1811. John H., b. Sept 6, 1818. Isaac G.,b. May 11,1821. Maria E., b. Dec. 23, 1824. Louisa J., b. Jan. 8, 1828. Sarah M.,b. Sept. 20, 183i. 93 Mary Ann, b. Feb. 16, 180,5. 95 Ephraim B., b. March 29, 1809. 97 Almira, b. Nov. 7, 1816. 99 Catharine S., b. May 10, I82I. 101 Robert S., b. May 21, 1823. 103 Freeman F, b. Oct. 22, 1820. 105 Lydia P., b. Dec. 20, 1831. Isaac Maynard m. 1803, Lydia Howe, dau. of Artemas. and she ra. 1828, Abraham Stow. Amory, h. Feb. 28, 1804; m. Mary Priest, dau. of Benjamin. Lydia, b. Nov. 16, 1805 ; ra. Joel Wilkins. He d. There were other Maynards in Mari. and the neighboring towns, who m. into Marl. famUies, but they cannot be traced by the records. Uriah Maynard, by wife Mary, had Eliza, b. Feb. 18, 1798 ; Lu cretia, b. Dec. 23, 1799 ; George, b. Nov. 15, 1802. MIXER.— Benjamin Mixer, son of Isaac and Rebecca (Garfield) Mixer, of Watertown, b. in 1679; ra. Nov. 27, 1711, Rebecca New ton, and had Phinelms, b. Dec. 26, 1712, m, 1735, Mary Lamb ; Ben jamin, b. March 23, 1715, m. Sarah Garfield ; Isaac, b. Nov. 26, 1716 ; David, b. Dec. 22, 1718, m. 174 1, Hannah Gibbs ; Joseph, b. May 24, 1724, d. same year ; Ebenezer, b. 1729, (probably posthumous.) Benjamin Mixer bought land in Mari. 1701, of Isaac Howe, on the south side of Stony Brook, and consequently was set off" from Marl. when Southboro' was created. 416 1- 23 1-2- 2- 9 10 II 1213 14 15 2-II- MOORE.— Carley Moore, had hy wife Ruth, Breck B., b. July 9, 1795 ; HoUis G., b. Sept. 7, 1799. Josiah Moore, by wife Esther, had Sarah, b. May 15, 1752. MORRIS.— Samuel Morris, by wife Dorothy, had Abigail, b. April 2, 1707; Elizabeth, b. Jan. 16, 1710. THE MORSE FAMILY. The Morses were not among the first settlers in Marl., though they were in the place before 1700, and have been somewhat prominent and numerous. Joseph Morse, aged 24 years, embarked at Ipswich, Eng., April, 1634, in the ship Elizabeth, William Andrews, master. He settled in Watertown, where he was one of the proprietors, and was admitted a freeman. May 6, 1635. He was the oldest son of Joseph and Deborah Morse, who came to America probably a year or two later than their son Joseph, and settled at Ipswich, where he d. 1646. Josepli, of Wat., m. Hester Pierce, dau. of John and Elizabeth, of Wat. He d. March 4, 1691. He had 8 children, a portion of whom are not recorded.\Josepli, b. AprU 30,-I637 ; m. Feb. 11, 1661, Susanna Shattuck. John, b. Feb. 28, 1639; ra. 1st, Anne Sraith, dau. of John Smith, of Lancaster, where he first settled. He afterwards returned to Wat, where he m. 2d, AbigaU Stearns. He was one of the first deacons of Rev. Mr Alger's church. He had numerous descendants in Wat, Needham, and vicinity. Jonatlmn, b. Nov. 7, 1643 ; ra. Abigail Shattuck. Hester, h. March 7, 1646; ra. 1699, Jonathan Bullard, of Wat Sarah, b. June 2, 1669 ; ra. Tiraothy Cooper, of Groton. Jeremiah, b. ; m. Abigail Woodward, and d. at Newton, 171f>. Isaac, b. ; resided in Newton. Joseph Morse m. Susanna Shattuck. After the birth of his 2d child, he moved to Groton, where he d. 1677 ; and his wid. returned to Wat, where she m. 1/78, as his 2d wife, John Pay, of Marh Susanna, b. in Wat. Jan. 11, 1663. Hester, b. in Wat., Sept. II, 1664 ; ra. 1685, Nathaniel Joslin, of Mari. ^Joseph, b. in Groton, Nov. II, 1667; m. 1691, Grace Warren, of Wat. ]Samuel, b. in Groton, Sept 4, 1670 ; ra. Grace , and lived in Mari. Many, b. in Groton, Feb. II, 1672 ; ra. 1694, John Barnard, of Wat. Hannah, h. in Groton, April 7, 1674 ; m. 1704, John Newton, of Mari. ^Jonathan, b. ; ra. 1706, Mary Howe, of Marl. Joseph Morse m. Jan. 20, 1691, Grace Warren, of Wat Joseph Morse, Samuel Morse, Samuel Bigelow, and John Bemis, bought, Dec. 25, 1695, of the heirs of John Alcocke, 350 acres bordering upon Marl., known as " the Farm." Joseph settled in the house said to have been buUt by Alcocke ; Samuel built southerly, and Jonathan bought and built upon a tract of land adjoining, so that one garrison ' 417 11-16 17 18 19 30 21 2-12 12-22 2324 25 26272930 2-15- 15-31 3233343536 37 11-16- 16-39 4041 4243 would protect all the families. Joseph d. in Marl., July II, 1733, aged 6(3 ; his wid. d. July 22, 1753. He came to his farm soon after the purchase, in 1695. ^Joseph, b. in Wat, Sept 27, 1691 ; ra. Nov. I, I7I6, AbigaU Barnes, of Marl. Grace, b. in Wat., June 7, 1694 ; m. 1716, Jacob Hinds, of Marl. Mary, b. in Mari., Oct 13, 1697; m. I7I9, James Maynard, of Mari. Elizabeth, b. in MarL, Jan. 4, 1700; m. 1717, Benjamin Woods, of Mari. ]Jonas, b. in Marl., July 25, 1703; m. Lucy Eager. Patience, b. in Marl,, Oct 30, 1705; m. 1727, dea. Jona. Keyes, of Boylston, and had 11 children. Samuel Morse m. Grace . He resided in Wat, where all his children but the last were baptized. He subsequently removed to Mari., where he d. Oct. 22, 1726. She d. July 10, 1758. Joseph, non compos, from an early fright by the Indians. '[Samuel, b. July 20, 1096; m. Lydia Newton. Susanna, b. Dec. 22, 1698 ; m. Jan. 13, 1719, Aaron Forbush. Elizabeth, bap. March 24, 1700. Grace, bap. Aug. 23, 1702 ; kindly devoted her life to the care of poor Joseph. Jacob, bap. June 6, 1703. 28 Jonas, bap. Oct. 12, 1705. Eunice, h. ; m. Nov. 5, 1724, Daniel Matthews. Thankful, b. in Mari., Oct 26, 1713; m. Nov. 11, 1735, Joseph Johnson. Jonathan Morse m. June 13, 1706, Mary Stow, dau. of Samuel and Elizabeth, of Mari., b. July 18, 1685. She d. Feb. 10, 1727, and he m. 2d, May I, 1729, Mary Church, who d. Sept. 2, 1750. He d. Jan. 8, 1754. Jonathan Morse was in Marl, in 1711, and was assigned to Capt. Howe's garrison, with Samuel Stevens, James Howe, Jona. Plowe, Samuel Stow, &c. Zephaniah, b. Sept. 4, 1707 ; d. AprU 13. 1765, unm. Jonatlmn, b. Dec. 24, 1/09; m. Phebe Keyes, and resided at Grafton and Shrewsbury. Abigail, h. May 12, 1712 ; m. Feb. 17, 1731, John Hapgood. Hepzibah, b. Aug. 16, 1714. Mary, b. Sept 4, 1717; m. Seth Howe. Sarah, b. AprU 6, 1720 ; ra. Sarauel Robbins. Hazadiah, b. Sept 6, 1722. 38 Phebe, d. unm. AprU 9, 1801. Joseph Morse m. Nov. 1, 1716, Abigail Barnes, dau. of John and Hannah. She d. Sept 5, 1741, aged 46, and he ra. 2d, Joanna . He d. Jan. 22, 1756. His wUl, dated Jan. 17, 1756, mentions wife Joanna, sons Joseph, Stephen and Abner, to the latter of whom he gave land in Leicester, and dau. Elizabeth, Abigail, Dinah, Miriam and Dorothy. Elizabeth, b. July 18, 1717; m. I74'2, Joseph Newton. Dorothy, b. Feb. 11, 1719; d. Feb. 19, I7I9. Bezaleel, b. March 12, 1720 ; d. Jan. 12, 1746, at Louisburg, Cape Breton. '[Joseph, b. Dec. 2, I72I ; m. Aug. 29, 1746, Mary Thoraas. Stephen, b. Nov. 26, 1723 ; was twice married— left no issue. 418 44 45 46 4748 11-20- 20-49 5051 525354 12-23- 23-55 5657 58 59 60 61 62 63 16 -42- 16-45- 45-05 666768 20-49- 49-09 7071727374 AbigaU, b. Nov. II, 1725 ; m. Nov. 27, 1744, John Shattuck. \ Abner, b. Nov. 5, 1727 ; ra. Nov. 27, 1755, Kezia Stow. Dinah, b. Oct. 8, 1729 ; m. 1747, Manasseh Stow ; lived in South boro'. Miriam, b. May 31, 1735 ; m. 17.53, Jabez Rice. Dorothy, b. Sept 21, 1739; ra. 1760, John Temple. Jonas Morse ra. Lucy Eager, of Shrewsbury. He d. Feb. 10, 1779, aged 76. She d. Sept 28, 1802, at the advanced age of 95 years, 2 raos. and 9 days. '[Jonas, b. March 17, 1730; m. Nov. 29, 1759, Mary Ward, of Marl. \ William, b. Feb. 26, 1738 ; m. Feb. 28, 1765, Phebe Stevens. Lucy, b. April 25, 1740 ; m. ? June 6, 1771, Rev. Benjamin Brigham. Aaron, b. Sept 13, 1742; d. Sept 17, 1746. Lydia, h. AprU 26, 1745 ; ra. July 8, 1766, WiUiam Boyd. Lovina, b. June 25, 1748 ; d. July 17, 1756. Samuel Morse m. Aug. 12, 1719, Lydia Newton. She d. and he m. 2d, Nov., 1732, Esther Baker. He d. Dec. 27, 1755. Hannah, b. May 20, 1720 ; ra. William GUraer, of Winchendon. Ijydia, b. Jan. 22, 1722 ; m. ? Timothy Newton. Zeruiah, b. May '20, 1723 ; probably d. young. Vashti, b. May I, 1726; d. Sept 14, 1727. '[Samuel, b. March 25, 1728 ; ra. 1752, Sarah Wheeler. Jeduthan, b. March 9, 1730; d. in the service at Crown Point, 1776. Submit, b ; m. Isaac Sherman. Rachel, b. ; ra. Mr. Green, and d. 1756. Deliverance, b. Jan 9, 1737. 64 Kezia, b. Jan. 7, 1739. Joseph Morse ra. Aug. 29, 1746, Mary Thoraas. After the birth of their first child, Sylvanus, b. Nov. 26, 1746, they removed to Boyls ton, where they had other chUdren. Abner Morse m. Nov. 27, 1755, Kezia Stow, dau. of John and Elizabeth (Brighara) Stow. He raoved to that part of Leicester now included in Paxton. His son Stephen came to Marl, when a lad, to reside with his uncle ; and Abner and his wife returned to Marl, sub sequently, where they d. He d. June 3, 1810, and she d. Jan. 17, 1893, aged 90. Aaron, b. March 2, 1756; m. Relief More. Elijah, b. March 25, 1758; m. Feb. 4, 1779, AbigaU Howe. ^Stephen, b. Dec. 14, 1759 ; ra. Nov. I, 1786, Rebecca Howe, of Sud. Kezia, b. May 1 1, 1762 ; m. a Mr. Pike. Jonas Morse ra. Nov. 29, 1759, Mary Ward, who d. Dec. 26, 1777, and he m. '2d, July II, 1781, Nanne Howe. He d. Dec. I, 1799. She d. Nov. 3, I8I4. Man/, b. Oct 23, 1761 ; d. Sept. 3, 1771. Levinah, b. Aug. 20, 1763 ; m. Sept 21, 1785, Samuel Phelps. Winsor, b. Aug. 18, 1765; m. May 2, 1792, Lucy Stratton. JVelly, b. March 26, 1767; d. Aug. 95, I77I. Walter, b. July 6, 1772; m. Susan Cotting, dau. of Dr. Cotting. He d. at Boston. John Ward, b. Nov. I, 1781 ; went to parts unknown. 419 75 7677 20-50- 50-78 7980 818283 23-59- 59-84 8586 45-67- 67-87 88899091 92 939495 9697 98 49-71- 71-99 100 JVancy, b. June 4, 1783 ; d. unra. about 1833. Henry, b. July 25, 1785; m. June 17, 1809, Lois Hayden. Willard, b. Aug. 27, 1789; m. Mary Eager. William Morse m. Feb. 28, 1765, Phebe Stevens. He d. June 26, 1802, aged 69. He was a Lieut, in Capt. Daniel Barnes's Co., which marched in pursuit of the British on the I9th of April, 1775. She d. Aug. 26, 1814. Anna, b. Jan. 4, 1767 ; m. 1st, Jonathan Crosby, and 2d, Kendall. Aaron, b. July 27, 1709 ; ra. Sarah Pelton, dau. of Archelaus Pelton; settled as a trader in N. Y., and d. whUe on business at N. Orleans. Phebe, b. Dec. 15, 1771 ; ra. Ist, March 31, 1796, WUliam Stow, and 2d, 1812, Rev. Dr. Puffer, of Beriin, who d. 1829. She d. Jan. 12, 1856, aged 84 years. William, b. Nov. 27, 1774 ; d. 1777. Moses, b. June 13, 1777 ; moved to Ripley, N. Y. WUliam, b. May 17, 1781 ; m. Lucinda Stow, and raoved to Hillsbor ough, N. H. Samuel Morse m. 1752, Sarah Wheeler. He d. Sept. 7, 1755. Dinah, b. July 16, 1752 ; m. Adonijah Newton. Hannah, b. Nov. 17, 1753; m. 1777, Joel Hager. Submit, b. Feb. II, 1756, posthumous ; ra. Abrahara Arasden. Stephen Morse m. Nov. 1, 1786, Rebecca Howe, of Sudbury. He d. Sept. 2, 1836, aged 77. Stephen Morse, as we have already intimated, was b. in Paxton, but when about ten years old, he came to Marl, and lived with his uncle, and settled in the place. Betsey, b. July 30, 1787 ; d. Jan. 23, 1791. Kezia, b. AprU 18, 1789 ; d. Feb. 4, 1791. Betsey, b. March 14, I79I; m. June II, I8I0, George Brigham; r. in Groton, Lyman, b. Nov. 10, 1792 ; ra. May 8, 1816, Lydia Brigham, and had Porter, b. 1816 ; Lyman B., b. 1820 ; Burlamaqui, b. 1822 ; and two daughters. Rebecca, h. Dec. 18, 1794; m. 1822, Capt Samuel Warren, as his 2d wife. Stephen, b. Jan. 16, 1797 ; m. July 5, 1824, Elizabeth Thompson. She d. May 21, 1816. He resides on the old homestead on " the Farm." He was eight years Receiving Teller in the Suffolk Bank, Boston. He is a prominent citizen in town, has filled repeatedly the principal offices in the gift of his townsmen, and is an acting magistrate. Freeman, b, Dec. 5, 1798 ; m. Martha WUson. JVabby, b. Aug. 7, 1802 ; m. Josiah WUson, and moved to Ohio. Abner, b. July 31, 1804 ; d. Nov. 23, ]«06. Abner, b. July 4, 1806 ; d. 1848, at Athens, Ohio. Gardner, b. AprU 11, 1809; m. Ist, Julian Austin, and 2d, Mary L. Brighara ; resides at New Haven, Ct., and m.3d, Martha Belcher. Charles, b. AprU 16, I8II ; d. July 21, I8I2. WiNSOR Morse m. Lucy Stratton. He d. June 23, 1833, aged 66. Roland, h. Jan. 30, 1790 ; m. Polly Hunter, and settled in Stow. Otis, b. July 30, 1792; m. May 14, I8I9, Clarissa Stow, and had Wil liam and Caroline A. William was b. June 26, 1819 ; m. Nov. 29, 1846, Maria D. Bigelow, dau. of Lambert Bigelow. He is in trade 54 420 with his father-in-law, in the West Parish, and has erected in the vUlage a dwelling-house, which for neatness, simplicity, and ele gance of style, is not surpassed by any one in the town. The fol lowing is a view of the dwelling. '-^ *, ,?» ,iL^ * t- 101 102103104105106 107 108 110 1- 2 3 Charles, b. Aug. 22, 1797 ; d. 1800. Mary Ward,b. July 4, 1799; d. 1815. Aaron Ward, b. Oct. 13, 1801 ; m. Abigail Hale; settled in Berlin. Sukey, b. Aug. 27, 1803 ; ra. Henry Newton. WUliam, b. June 6, 1805 ; ra. Alraira Whitney. Wesley, b. June 21, 1807 ; d. young. Dana, m. Nancy "Temple, who d. Oct. 15, 1840, and he m. Nancy Brown. Wealthy m. Daniel Fay. 109 Edward, m. Mary Barnes. Betsey. There have been other Morses in Marl., who selineage I have not been able to trace. Francis Morse m. March 29, 1787, Lovice Bartlet He d. Jan. 30, 1805, aged 59, and she m. Isaac Howe, of Northborough, and d. Sept 22, 1826, aged 69. Francis Morse was in the service at the opening of the Revolution, and served in several campaigns. He is said to have come to Marl, from Newburyport. Abigail, b. Aug. 4, 1782 ; m. Jan. 28, 1806, Aaron Howe, and d. in Leicester, August 18, 1845. Anna, b. June 26, 1785 ; ra. April 1, 1804, Stephen Rice. MOSEMAN.— Matthias Moseman. by wife Sarah, had Micah, b. July 8, 1774. MUNROE.— David Munroe, a descendant of WUliam Munroe, the first emigrant who settled in Lexington, by wife Elizabeth, had William C, b. Sept. 19,1797; Haniet, b. Nov. 22, 1799; Mary E.,b- July 26, 1802 ; Adolphus, b. July 23, 1805. 421 THE NEWTON FAMILY. Richard Newton was one of the petitioners for Marl., and the families of that name were numerous in the township. He came from England, was in Sud., 1040, and was made freeman in 1645. His land was in the southeriy part of the town, and on the division of the township, fell into what was Southborough, where his descendants have generally resided. He probably had two wives, Anne and Hannah. The record of his faraily is very imperfect. Hannah, his last wife, d. Dec. 5, 1697 ; he d. Aug. 24, 1701, " aged about 100 years." \John, b. 1641 ; ra. Jan. 6, 1666, Elizabeth Larkin. \Moses, b..I646; m. Oct. 27, 1668, Johanna Larkin. Ezekiel, b. . \Joseph, b. ; ra. Katharine . Hannah, b. April 13, 1654 ; d. March 13, 1697, unra. \Daniel, b. Dec. 21, 1655 ; m. Susanna Morse. John Newton m. Jan. 6, 1666, EUzabeth Larkin. He was a pro prietor of MarL in 1660. He d. Oct 16, 1723, aged 82; she d. Oct 15, I7I9. \John, b. June 5, 1667 ; m. about 1690, Hannah Morse. \SamvA, b. Dec. 23, 1668 ; ra. Rebecca . '[Zachariah, b. March 28, 1671 ; ra. 1698, Mary Axtell. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 3, 1672 ; m. Zachariah Eager. \Thomas, b. Dec. 24, 1674 ; m. 1698, Record Ward. Johanna, b. May, 1677. Sarah, b. Nov., 1679 ; ra. Jonathan Rugg, of Framingham. JVathaniel, b. Feb. 8, 1681. 16 Experience, b. May 1, 1683. Moses Newton m. Oct. 27, 1668, Johanna Larkin. He was ra. as of Marl., and of course was in the place before that tirae. She d. Dec. 25,, 1713. He m. 2d, AprU 14, I7I4, Sarah Joslin. She d. Nov. 4, 1723. When the Indians attacked Marl., in 1676, it was on the Sabbath, and the people were in the church. The alarm being given, the congregation instantly dispersed, and sought shelter in their gar rison ; but Moses Newton gallantly remained to rescue an aged and infirm female, who would otherwise have been exposed to certain de struction. In this heroic and benevolent enterprise, he received a ball in his elbow, which deprived him in a measure of the use of his arm ever after. But he had the satisfaction of knowing that he brought his friend safely from the place of danger. \Moses, b. Feb. 28, 1669 ; ra. Dec. II, 1795, Sarah Howe. David, b. 1672; m. 1697, Hannah Lenardson; d. April 4, 1702. Hannah, b. Dec. 20, 1673; m. April 10, 1705, William Orcutt. ^Edioard, b. March 23, 1676 ; m. 1700, Mary Lenardson. {Jonathan, b. Sept. 30, 1679 ; m. 1708, Bethia Rice. Jacob, b. Jan. 24, 1681. \James, b. Jan. 15, 1683. Marcy, b. Feb. 16, 1685 ; m. 1705, Moses Lenard. Josiah, b. Nov. 19, 1688. 26 Andrew, b. ; d. 1691. \Ebenezer, b. July 26, 1692 ; m. Oct. 25, 1722, Johanna Larkin. Joseph Newton m. Katharine . She d. Jan. 26, 1677, and he m. 2d, Dec. 30, 1679, Susanna Morse. He was a deacon of the church from 1710 to his death, in 1727. 422 5-28 293031 1-7- 7-32 33 34 35 36 373839 40 41 43 3-8- 8-43 44 45464748 49 50 515253 54 55 2-9- 9-56 57 2-10- 10-58 59 61 3-13- 12-62 63 646567 Hannah, b. Sept. 13, 1671. '[Joseph, b. May 24, 1673. Mary, b. Feb. 16, 1674; m. Oct. 21, 1709, David Brigham. TabUha, b. Oct 18, 1681 ; m. June 28, I7I1, Joseph Balcom. Daniel Newton m. about 1680, Susanna Morse. He d. Nov. 20, 1739. \Daniel, b. May 29, 1681 ; m. Sarah . {Benjamin, b. May 13, 1683 ; m. Oct. 3, 1712, AbigaU Knapp, of Newton. Susanna, b. Feb. 14, 1684. t/*aac,b. March 13, 1686; m. Sarah . {Ephraim, b. Feb. 13, 1689 ; ra. May 29, 1711, Christian Ripley. {Abraham, b. March 2, 1691 ; ra. Oct 20, 1709, Rachel Newton. Mary, b. July 26, 1693 ; d. Aug. 12, 17II. Samuel, b. Aug. 10, 1695 ; d. 1771. ^JVathaniel, b. Sept. 4, 1697 ; m. 1720, AbigaU Tozer. Lydia, b. Aug. 24, 1699; m. Aug. 12, 1719, Samuel Morse. Jiiaiy, b. May 10, 1702 ; m. Sept. 1, 1735, Othniel Taylor. John Newton m. June 19, 1691, Hannah Morse. She d. Sept. 10, 1733. \John, h. June 13, 1693 ; m. 1717, Hannah Parkhurst, of Watertown. Rachel, b. May 17, 1694 ; m. Abraham Newton. Hannah, b. Jan. 27, 1695 ; d. young. Hannah, b. Feb. 17, 1698 ; m. 1722, Abraham Amsden. Experience, b. Jan. 19, 1699 ; m. Nov. 4, 1719, John Smith. Ruth, b. March 17, 1703 ; ra. Nov. 7, 1733, Henry Eames. Grace, b. Jan. 30, 1704 ; ra. Jan. 33, 1726, Siraon Rice. Deliverance, b. Jan. 1, 1705; ra. Jan. 5, 1725, Jaseniah Newton. Phinehas, b. Oct 5, 1707. Eunice, b. Sept. 1, 1709; m. 1729, Aaron Newton, of Shrewsbury. Patience, b. Jan. 17, I71I ; m. Nov. 25, 1729, Uriah Newton. Steplien, b. Aug. 15, 1716. Amos, b. Jan. 25, 1719; d. Feb. 13, 1719. Samuel Newton m. Rebecca ¦ Si7cnce, b. Sept 10, 1688; ra. June 18, 1718, Elisha Bruce. \ Gershom, b. Dec. 17, 1690 ; m. Elizabeth . Zechariah Newton in. 1698, Mary Axtell. He d. Feb. 26, I7I8. Sarah, b. Nov. 2, 1699 ; m. Jan. 11, 1727, Pelatiah Rice. Elizabeth, b. Oct. 23, I70I. 60 Joshua, b. Oct. 13, 1703. Mary, b. Oct 2, 1705. Thomas Newton ra. Aug. 17, 1698, Record Ward. He d. at Westboro', 1746, aged 72. She d. two days after, aged 69. They were buried in one grave. Martha, b. June 1, 1699; m. Sept 20, 1721, Isaac Tomblin. Thomas, h. Sept. 7, 1700; m. Ann WUson, resided in Shrewsbury. Obadiah, b. Jan. 6, 1702 ; m. Abigail , resided in Shrewsbury.' Phebe, b. Sept. 18, 1704. 66 Abner, b. March 21, 1708. Persis, b. AprU 19, 1713. 68 David, h. Sept 26, 17I4. 423 3-17- 17-69 70 71 72737475 76 78 80 3-20- 20-81 82 83 3-21- 21-84 85 868789 9193 3-23- 23-95 969899 101 3-27- 27-102 104 5-29- 29-105 106107 108109HO HI112 7-32- 33-113 MosES Newton m. Dec. 11, 1695, Sarah Howe. Isaac, b. Aug. 24, ; m. Dec. 8, 1719, Grace Garfield. Beulah, h. Feb. 22, 1697. Moses, b. Jan. 8, 1700 ; ra. Feb. 22, 1725, Sarah Howe. Elisha, b. Oct. 28, I70I ; ra. Sarah Tomlin, lived in Shrewsbury. Sarah, b. Oct. 27, 1703; d. June 24, 1713. Margaret, b. Oct. 29, 1705. Aaron, b. Sept. 7, 1707 ; ra. 1729, Eunice Newton, raoved to Shrews. Thankful, b. Oct 31, 1709. 77 Tabitha, b. Aug. 9, 1711. Amos, b. AprU 16, 1714. 79 Comfort, b. 12, 1717. Ezekiel, b. May 13, 1719. Edward Newton ra. 1700, Mary Lenardson; d. Aug. 8, 1704. Edward, b. Oct 5, 1701 ; m. 1723, Elizabeth Allen, r. in Shrewsbury. David, b. July 24, 1703; d. Oct 1, 1703. Mary, b. Aug. 28, 1704. Jonathan Newton m. 1708, Bethiah Rice, dau. of Daniel and Bethiah (Ward) Rice. He d. 1759, aged 74. Tii-zah, b. Aug. 16, 1709 ; ra. March 31, 1730, Ezekiel Newton, of Southborough. Jonatlmn, b. Nov. 3, 1710. Tabitha, b. Jan. 30, I7I2; d. same year. Bethiah, b. AprU 17, 1713. 88 Johanna, b. Dec. 8, 1714. Hepzibah, b. Nov. 1, 1716. 90 David, b. Feb. 23, 1718. Thanlful, b. July 27, 1719. 93 Gideon, b. July I, 1731. JVathan, b. June 33, 1723. 94 Elnathan, b. July 15, 1728. James Newton ra. Oct. 5, 1709, Mary Joslin, who d. May 27, 1710, and he m. Sept. 8, 1712, Rachel Greely. 10 1 Mary, b. March 13, 17^; d. April 26, 1710. Andrew, b. Aug. 27, 1713. 97 Judith, b. Aug. 13, 1715. James,b. Aug. 9, 1718; d.May 27, 1720. Rachel, b. March 31, 1721. 100 Jacob, b. March 6, 1723. Joseph, b. July 15, 1728; d. July 29, 1756. Ebenezer Newton m. Johanna Larkin. Ebenezer, b. Oct. 16, 1724. Johanna, b. Feb. 28, 1728. 103 Edward, b. March 16, 1726. Joseph Newton m. AbigaU . He d. Oct 3, 1744 ; she d. Jan. 12, 1749. Bathsheba, b. Sept. . Joseph, b. Aug. 25, 1699 ; d. Feb. 14, 1713. \ Jesseniah, b. May 1, 1702; m. Jan. 5, 1725, Deliverance Newton. Katharine, b. Feb. 17, 1704; d. Jan. 26, 1707. \Uriah; b. Aug. 20, 1707 ; m. Patience Newton. Jonas, b. Nov. 15, 1709 ; d. July 1, 1729. JVahum, b. Nov. 20, . \Joseph, b. March 1, 1719 ; m. Elizabeth . Daniel Newton m. Sarah . Daniel, b. April 14, 1705 ; he was in the French war. 424 114 115 116 117 118 120 7-33- 33-121 122 7-35- 35-123 125I'27 7-36- 36-128 129130131133 7-37- 37-135 136137 7-40- 40-138 140 8-43- 43-141 143 145 9-57- 57-146 147 149 150 151 153 29-107- 107-154 156 Ezekiel, b. Aug. 27, 1707; m. March 31, 1730, Tirzah, dau. of Jona than Newton. Elizabeth, b. Oct. 18, 1709. WUliam, b. Nov. 29, 1711 ; ra. 1737, Elizabeth Wright, of Framing ham. Judith, b. Nov. 22, I7I5 ; d. in infancy. Judith, b. March 29, 1717. 119 Robert, b. AprU 30, 1720. Jemima, b. March 36, 1723. Benjamin Newton m. 1712, Abigail Knapp, of Newton. Susanna, b. Nov. 5, 1713 ; d. July 23, I7I6. Abigail, b. Sept. 4, 17I7. Isaac Newton ra. Sarah • Keziah, b. Feb. 22, 1717. Mary, b. May I, 1721. Martha, b. July 26, 1726. 124 Hezekiah, b. July 38, 1719. 126 Isaac, b. May 29, 1723. Ephraim Newton ra. May 29, 1711, Christian Ripley. Sarah, b. Feb. 15, 1711 ; m. Jan. 4, I74I, John Taint. Azubah, b. AprU I, 1713. \J^ahum, b. AprU 15, 1716 ; ra. Thankful Stow ; settled in Shrews bury. Tabith'i,b. Feb. 14, 1718. 132 Susanna, b. Feb. 10. 1720. Bathslieba, b. May 9, 1723. 134 Hannah, b. July 28, 1725. Abraham Newton ra. Oct 20, 1709, Rachel Newton. Mary, b. , 1712 ; d. Sept 19, 1716. Abralmm, b. June 25, 1715. Jedediah, b. Oct 3, 1717 ; d. March 19, 1719. Nathaniel Newton ra. 1720, Abigail Tozer. Richard, b. May 27, 1723. Zeruiah, b. Dec. 6, 1736. 139 Dorothy B., b. Jan. 29, 1725. John Newton ra. 1717, Hannah Parkhurst, of Watertown. Dinah, b. Jan. 21, 1718. John, b. Oct 5, 1722. Amos, b. April 17, 1727. 142 Azariah, b. Feb. 5, 1720. 144 Hannah, b. Dec. 5, 1724. Gershom Newton m. Elizabeth \ Gershom, b. AprU 24, I7I5; m. 1744, Jerusha Bruce. Anne, b. July 30, I7I7. 148 Miriam, b. AprU 20, 1720. ^Timothy, b. May 4, 1723 ; ra. March 33, 1760, Sarah Morse. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 19, 1735 ; ra. 1752, Thomas Stow. Ruth, b. Feb. 28, 1729. 152 Zeruiah, b. Jan. 3, 1732. Jason, b. Feb. 2, 1736. Jesseniah Newton ra. Jan. 5, 1725, Deliverance Newton, dau. of John and Hannah (Morse) Newton. AbigaU,b. Aug. 17, 1726. Jonas, b. March 24, 1730. 155 Jesseniah, b. July 5, 1728. 157 Deliverance, b. Jan. 30, 1736. 425 ' 29-109- 109-158 159 160 161 163163164 165 166 107 29-112- 112-168 32-116- 116-169 171 172174 36-130- 130-175 57-146- 146-176 177 57-149- 149-178 180 109-161- 161-181 146-177- 177-182 183 184186 Uriah Newton ra. Nov. 25, 1729, Patience Newton, dau. of John and Hannah (Morse) Newton. He d. May 15, 1759. Bathsheba, b. Sept. 14, 1730. Patience, b. Julv 24, 1732 ; d. Nov. 7, 1752. Hannah, b. March 30, 1734. jUriah, b. May 17, 1736; m. Feb. 10, 1761, Hannah Eager. David, b. March 17, 1738. Catharine, b. May 7, 1741 ; ra. 1764, SUas Marble. Jonas, b. April 6, 1744. Abigail, h. June 17, 1746 ; m. 1763, John Goodale. Eunice, h. Oct. 20, 1748 ; m. 1768, Nicholas Watts. Ruth, b. Aug. 14, I75I. Joseph Newton m. Elizabeth . Hezekiah, b. , 1744 ; d. June 9, 1777. William Newton m. 1737, Elizabeth Wright, of Framingham. Sarah, b. Aug. 1, 1738. 170 Catlmrine, b. Nov. I, 1739. Tabitha, h. May 7, 1741; ra. Nov. 30, 1767, Job Burnham. Elizabeth, h. April 3, 1743. 173 William, b. May 13, 1745. Bartholomew, b. May 4, 1749. Nahum Newton m. Thankful Stow, 1736. He settled in Shrews. Jonathan, b. May 8, 1 738. Gershom Newton ra. Jerusha Bruce, 1744. He was in the French war in 1748 and in 1756. He d. Feb. 27, 1800. Anna, b. July 29, 1745. \ Adonijah, b. July 15, 1747; ra. Dinah . Timothy Newton m. Sarah Morse, March 22, 1700. He was in the French war in 1748 and in 1756. Miriam, b. July 20, 1761. Jason, b. April 1, 1769. 179 Samuel M., b. Oct. 20, 1766. Uriah Newton m. Feb. 10, 1761, Hannah Eager. Jonathan, b. April 27, 1761. Adonijah Newton m. Dinah . He marched under Capt. Howe to Cambridge, on the 19th of April, 1775. Lydia, b. March 2, 1771. Levina, b. Aug. 22, 1773; m. 1796, Roland Cutler, of Sudbury. John, b. Feb. 17, 1777. 185 Hannah, b. March 25, 1780. Dolly, b. Aug. 5, 1782. The Newtons residing mostly in the southerly part of the town, were set oflT from Marl, when Southboro' was erected into a town, and hence the Marl, record of the families is very meagre. I find several New- tons in town, not traceable by the Mari. records. Among these is Micah. 426 Micah Newton m. Jan. 2, 1745, Mary Howe, and had a family of twelve children. He was probably of the sarae descent as the other Newtons. Hed. Aug. 21, 1800. Grace, b. June 12, 1746 ; m. June 4, 1766, John Stow. Mary, b. Oct. II, 1747 ; m. 1767, Nathaniel Brooks. Lnydia, b. Nov. 27, 1749 ; ra. Sept. 15, 1774, Archelaus Felton. Lmcv, ? V -c^^x, Ifi -ii^o. 5 m. 1777, Jonathan Weeks. JVahum, \ ^' * ^^- ^^' "^^ ' \ m. 1777, Mercy Adams. Thankful, b. Feb. 12, 1755. Tabitha, b. Feb. 21, 1758; d. Feb. 27, 1777. Dinah, b. Dec. 21, 1759. SUas, b. Aug. 16, 1762 ; d. March 4, 1777. Francis, b. April 19, 1764. Solomon, b. Dec. 30, 1766; d. Jan. 22, 1777. Phebe, b. June I, 1768, by a 2d wife ; m. 1787, WiUiam Goodale. THE OAKES FAMILY. Nathaniel Oakes came from England, and m. Mehitabel, dau. of John Rediat, who d. in Mari., Nov. 25, 1702. He ra. May 20, 1703, Mary Holloway, of Concord, dau. of Adara Holloway. JVathaniel, b. Jan. 7, 1703 ; resided at Bolton. WUliam, b. Feb. 18, 1705 ; burned to death at Shrewsbury in the house of Capt. Keyes. Hannah, b. Dec. 27, 1707 ; m. Gershom Fay, Jr., and d. March 3, 1806, lacking but a few months of a hundred years. She was the mother of Thaddeus Fay, of Northboro', who d. July 22, 1822, aged 91 years. Mary, b. March 31, 1710 ; m. Feb. 20, 1735, Daniel Maynard, of Marl. Ann, b. Sept 9, 1712 ; m. David Maynard, of West \John, b. March 16, 1715 ; m. Experience . Jonathan, b. Aug. 21, 1717 ; moved to Harvard. George, b. Feb. 18, 1720 ; resided in Northboro'. John Oakes ra. Experience , and had Elizabeth, b. Aug. 23, 1733 ; Philip, b. April 23, 1735. THE PACKARD FAMILY. Samuel Packard, his wife and child, came from Windham, near Hingham, Eng., and settled in Hingham, 1638. He moved to West Bridgewater, where he d. 1684. He had twelve children, among whom was, Zaccheus Packard, who m. Sarah Howard, dau. of John Howard, and had nine children. He d. 1723. Solomon Packard, b. 1689; m. 1715, Sarah Lathrop. She d. and he m. Susanna Kingman, dau. of Samuel Kingman. He had eleven children. Jacob Packard, b. 1730 ; m. 1743, Dorothy Perkins, and d. 1777. 7 Mark, b. ^• Jacob, b. ^Asa, b. 6 Oliver, b. • ; grad. at H. Coll., 1783. 427 Htzekiah, b. ; grad. at H. Coll., 1787 ; settied in the ministry at Chelmsford, and afterward in Me. He received the dearree of D. D. He d. 1849. Rhoda, b. ; m. 1771, Abijah Stowell. Dorothy, b. ; m. 1777, Jaraes Richards, both of Newton. Phebe, b. ; m. 1783, Henry Thayer, went to Winchester. Asa Packard m. July 27, 1790, Nancy Quinoy, dau. of Josiah Quincy, of Braintree. Mr. Packard's , life was rather eventful. At the age of sixteen he entered the Revolutionary Army as a ffer. In an engagement near Harlem Heights, he received a severe wound, which nearly proved fatal. A ball entered his back just above the hip. An attempt was made to extract it ; but so severe was the operation, that the surgeon desisted, fearing his patient would die on his hands. A severe sickness foUowed, and when he was sufficiently recovered, he left the army and returned home. He comraenced a course of studies, grad. at H. C, and was settled as a clergyraan in Marl., March 23, 1785. On the division of the church and society, in 1806, Mr. Packard, at his request, was dismissed, and in 1808 was settled over the West, or seceding parish, and retained the pastoral office until May 12, 1819. After dissolving his connection with the society, he removed to Lancaster, where he d. March 20, 1843, aged 85. He was in usual health, and on coming into the house, he sat down to listen to a letter from a distant brother ; while it was being read, he sunk back and imraediately expired. His wife d. Feb. 3, 1844, aged 80. Ann M., b. Aug. 7, 1791 ; <]. June 6, 1796. Elizabeth Q., b. Nov. 2, 1792 ; d. 1816, aged 24, unm. Frederick A., b. Sept. 26, 1794 ; grad. at H. C. 1814 ; studied law, and commenced practice in Springfield. He ra. 1822, Elizabeth D., dau. of Judge Hooker ; represented Springfield in the Legislature in 1828 ; and in 1829, removed to Philadelphia, and took the editor ship of the publications of the American Sunday School Union. In 1847 was elected President of Girard College, and has received from Princeton the degree of LL. D. Asa, b. Jan. 24, 1796 ; m. 1821, Lydia Blake, of Shrewsbury, and d. 1851. Ann M., b. March 17, 1798 ; m. 1827, James G. Carter, and d. Dec. 15, 1853. Mr. Carter was distinguished for his zeal in the cause of education, and his efforts to improve our common schools. Ruth F, b. March 22, 1800 ; m. April 12, 1831, Rev. George Trask. Mr. Trask is distinguished for his enmity to tobacco in all its forms, and labors assiduously for its extermination. PARKER.— The name of Parker appears in a few instances upon the early records of the town. Moses Parker was one of the proprietors of the Indian Planta tion in 1695 ; but there is no record of any family. John Parker, by wife Mary, had John, b. Jan. 33, 1753 ; Hannali, h. March 15, 1755 ; Maiy, b. Sept 16, 1756 ; James, b. July 20, 1760 ; Sarah, b. Sept. 18, 1763. Josiah Parker m. Nov. 18, 1777, Lydia Beaman, and had Phebe, b. Oct. 33, 1779 ; Stephen, b. March 13, 1783. 55 428 1- 3 2- 3450 2-4- 4- 7 9 II 2-6- 6-13 1314 15 1617 PARMINTER. — The Parminters were numerous in Sudbury, and some of them were temporarily in Marl. Asa Parminter, by wife Eunice, had Jolin Bolles, b. Sept 29, 1761. Eliab Parminter, by wife Rebecca, had Melinda,b. 1797; Lu- nmn, b. 1799 ; Lucas, b. 1801 ; Willard, b. 1803 ; Micah, b. 1805. PERRY.— John Perry, by wife Sarah, had AbigaU, b. 1699; Sarah, b. 1708 ; John, b. April 16, 1709. PERCIVAL. — Jabez Percival, by wife Elizabeth, had Polly, b. 1787 ; Betsey, b. 1788 ; Elvira, b. 1790. He was a physician. PETERS. — George Peters came to MarL probably from Med field about 1798, and ra. Oct. 6, 1800, Lydia Maynard, and.had George, b. Nov., 1800; Ephraim, b. 1803; Luther, h. 1806; Irene, b. 1808; Adolphus, b. I8I0 ; Adolphus, b. 1814 ; John H., b. 1830. THE PHELPS FAJNIILY. There have been several famUies in Marl, of the name of PMps ; but it is probable that they were remotely connected, if at all. One branch of them came from Reading. John Phelps, of Reading, d. about 1700, leaving three sons, who executed an agreement in relation to his estate. John Phelps ra. Elizabeth d. in Reading about 1730. They had several chUdren. He Joseph, b. . \John, b. ; m. Susanna Gates, of Marl. Elizabeth, b. ; m. Oliver Atwood. ^Ebenezer, b. 1720 ; ra. in Mari. March 39, 1753, Lucy Allen. John Phelps m. Susanna Gates, dau. of Siraon and Sarah (Woods) Gates. He was a cordwainer; was in Marl, soon after the death of his father ; was guardian of his brother, Ebenezer, 14 years old in 1734. Five of their chUdren were recorded in Marl. About 1742, he raoved with his faraUy to Rutland. Sarah, b. Dec. 34, 1733. Catharine, b. March 1, 1738. Simon, b. Dec. 13, 1741. 8 John, b. Oct 4, 1735. 10 Elizabeth, b. Feb. 3, 1740. Ebenezer Phelps m. Oct 38, 1743, Thankful Ward. She d. and he m. March 29, 1753, Lucy Allen. His children were by his last wife. ^Stephen, b. Jan. 4, 1754 ; was twice married. Jacob, b. Oct. 4, 1755; ra. Sept. 10, 1783, Prudy Dudley, Harvard. JMb%, b. Feb. 12, 1758. Anna, b. July 15, 1760; ra. Oct 12, 1788, Jaraes Gleason. Putnam, b. Dec. 18, 1762; m. Feb. 5, 1789, Eunice Goodnow. Lucy, b. Feb. 15, 1765. 18 Ebenezer, b. AprU 27, 1767. 429 6-13- 12-19 20 21 23 1- 33 4 9 10 1-8- Stephen Phelps m. Dec. 18, 1787, Submit Russell. She d. and he m. May '22, 1796, Katharine McBride. He was one of the three years' men in the Revolutionary army. Lucy, b. April 20, 1788. John, b. March 28, 1790 ; left town soon after he was of age. Edward, h. June 23, 1792. He lost the sight of one eye, when a young man, and afterwards became blind with the other. Polly, b. Dec. 8, 1794. 23 Lydia, b. , 1797. Roger Phelps, b. in Lancaster, where his parents resided. He came to Marl, when young. He was one of the six months' men in the Revolution. He ra. May 21, 1783, Elizabeth Rice, dau. of Benjamin and Susanna Rice. He d. May 22, 1832, aged 71. Samuel W., b. Nov. 6, 1783. Sophia, b. Sept 17, 1785 ; ra. Oct 4, 1804, John Boyd ; d. Oct 30, 1854. Stephen R, b. Dec. 3, 1788; m. 1807, Martha Brigham. She d. Aucr. 17, 1829, aged 39, and he m. Sept 13, 1831, Elizabeth Gates, wid. of Abraham Gates. He was elected deacon of the West Church, Sept 22, 1825. He had by his first wife five chUdren. Charles, b. June 27, 1808, m. 1834, Mary R. Wilson; Roger, b.June 2.5, I8I0; Winslow, b. Oct 20, I81I, d. 1826; Martlm, b. Sept 17,1813; John, b. May 28, I8I7, ra. Oct 9, 1838, Sarah C. Wilson. John has been several years town clerk, and has represented the town in tiie legislature. John, b. Feb. 15, 1791. 6 Benjamin, b. Jan. 31, 1793. Elizabeth, b. May 10, 1796 ; d. July 25, 1805. Merrick, b. Oct 13, 1798; ra. Nov. 1, 1821, Harriet Brighara, dau. of Col. Ephraira, and d. Nov. 21, 1829. Manyann, b. AprU 6, 1803; m. May 1, 173.3, John Wariand. Edward, b. March 28, 1805; m. April 18, 1826, Emily Rice, who d. Feb. 4, 1836, aged 29, and he m. Sophronia Rice. Samuel Phelps, an older brother of Roger, from Lancaster, m. in Marl., Sept. 21, 1785, Levina Morse, dau. of Jonas and Mary. Their first son, Antlwny, was b. Jan. 20, 1786; they moved to Lunenburg, Vt. There were other Phelpses in Marl, not traceable on the record. THE POTTER FAMILY. The Potters were in Marlborough early in the eighteenth cen tury. I have not ascertained their origin or connection. Ephraim Potter m. Sarah . They may have come from Sudbury. Mary, b. Sept 11, 1709 ; m. Jan. 11, 1734, John Bruce. Martha, b. Sept 1, 171 1. 4 Joseph, b. Feb. 3, 1713. Persis, b. Aug. 29, 1715. 6 Ephraim, b. March 5, 1718. Sarah, b. Jan. 26, 1721 ; m. Feb. 9, 1744, Joseph Stone. '[Theophilus, b. Jan. 26, 1725 ; ra. 1748, Lois Walker, of Sudbury. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 25, 1728 ; m. April 26, 1750, Thomas Walkup, of Sudbury. Theophilus Potter m. 1748, Lois Walker, of Sudbury. -10 SUas, b. June 17, 1749. 13 Ephraim, b. July 31, 1753. 11 Barnabas, b. June 15, 1751. 13 Hannah, b. Dec. 17, 1755. 430 Benjamin Potter m. Feb. 24, 1774, Sarah Angier. May have been connected with the preceding family. Molly, b. Oct 21, 1774. 3 Asa, b. Oct. 26, 1776. Hannah, b. Aug. 30, 1778. 5 Joseph, b. AprU 5, 1781. Sarah, b. April 29, 1783. 7 Lois, b. July 22, 1785. Benjamin, b. Aug. 10, 1789. PRATE.— John Prate, or Pratt, by wife Bathsheba Pay, had Phinehas, b. Feb. 8, 1717, and d. young. PRESCOTT.— Nathan Prescott, by wife Ursula Ward, had Steplien, b. May 16, 1736. THE PRIEST FAMILY. The Priests were at one tirae somewhat numerous in the north easterly part of the town, but living near the borders of Bolton and Stow, they crossed and re-crossed the line, so as to render their record in MarL very imperfect and confused. There were also several dis tinct families of the name. Some of them carae from Ireland. John Priest ra. Mary . Mary, b. April 15, 1739. 3 Bette, b. March 2, 1743, d. young. John, b. Oct 2, 1744. 5 Daniel, b. Sept, 16, 1746. Abraham, b. Dec. 26, 1748 ; m. in good old age,18.10, AbigaU Whit comb, and had several children. SUence, b. Feb. 9, 1750. 8 Isaac, b. July 2, 1752. Jacob, b. Nov. 17, 1754 ; ra. 1st, Ann Jones, and 2d, Sarah Longley. Comfort, b. March 4, 1758 ; m. Jan. 20, 1785, Jonas WUkins. Betsey, b. March 7, 1761. Benjamin, b. Feb. 18, 1764 ; m. June 15, 1786, Phebe Bruce, and had a family, but left no public record. Joseph, b. Nov. 28, 1765. 14 Jonathan, b. Oct 6, 1767. Josiah Priest and wife Eunice came into Marl, from Bolton with three children, and had in Marl., Shadrach, b. 1679. He m. 1797, Lovisa Eaton, and had Abel R., b. 1797 ; Josiah, b. 1799 ; Eunice J., b. 1801 ; Henry, b. 1809. He was in the Continental Army in the Revolution. RAY.— Abel Ray, by wife Hannah, had Mary, b. 1723 ; Amos, b. Oct. 17, 1725 ; Eunice, b. 1728. He was in the French war, in 1754, and in the Revolutionary Array. REDIAT. — John Rediat was one of the original proprietors of Marl., and shared in the first division of the land. The family has long since becorae extinct in MarL, and the records contain but little concerning thera. He by his wife Ann, had Deborah, b. in Sudbury, 1652, and no doubt other children. He was father of John, Jr. He d. April 7, 1687, and his wife d. in October of the same year. John Rediat, Jr., m. Susanna , and had John, b. Sept 19, 1670 ; Susanna, b. Dec. 10, 1672 ; Many, b. Feb. 6, 1674. He d. July 5, 1694, said to have been kUled by the Indians, and his wid. m. John Miles, of Concord. REED.— David Reed, by wife Nancy, had Abraham, b. May 9, 178 431 THE RICE FAMILY. As the Rices were one of the earliest, so they have been one of the most numerous families in the town— ranking with the Howes and Brighams, and like them sending out emigrants to many other towns. If either of these families had retained all their descendants within the township, the population would have increased more rapidly than it has, though there had been no other family in the place. Edmund Rice, b. about 1594, came from Barkhamstead, Hertford shire, England, and settled in Sudbury in 1639. He was a prominent man in Sudbury ; was one of the selectmen, or townsmen, as they were frequently denominated, and was one of the Deacons of the Church. He was honored with several appointments by the General Court, and was denominated therein "Goodman Rice." He was appointed to solemnize marriages in Marl., and enjoyed the confidence of his fellow citizens in both towns. He was one of the petitioners for the grant which was afterwards made the town of Marl., and moved to the place. His wife,Taj?iazi'7ie, d. in Sudbury, June 13, 1654, and he m. as a 2d wife, Merde, wid. of Thomas Brigham, the ancestor of the numerous Brighams which afterwards settled at Marl. He m. Mercie, March I, 1655, and d. at Marl. May 3, 1663, and was buried at Sudbury. His wid. m. 1664, William Hunt, of Marl., an early settler of Concord. He d. at Mari., 1667, and his wid. d. Dec. 38, 1693. Edmund Rice carae to Marl, soon after the grant of the township, and took up his abode on what is knpwn as the " great road," on the northerly side of the Pond, not far from the Williams Tavern. We have no record of the birth of his children, and cannot set them down in chronological order. Henry, b. ; m. Elizabeth Moore, r. at Sud. and Framinghara. ^Edward, b. ; nL_Ann . \Thomas, b. ; ra. Mary . Lydia, bap. 1627 ; ra. Hugh Drury, r. at Sudbury. Jnatlhew, bap. 1629 ; m. Martha Lamson, lived in Sudbury. '[Samuel, bap. 1634 ; m. Nov. 8, 16.55, Elizabeth King. {Joseph, bap. 1637 ; m. Mercy King. Edmund, b. — '¦ — . Benjamin, b. May 31, 1640; m. Mary Brown, r. at Sudbury. Ruth, b. Sept. '29, 1759 ; ra. Samuel Wells. Ann, b. Nov. 19, 1661 ; probably m. Nathaniel Gerry, of Roxbury. Edward Rice m. 1, Agnes Bent, who d. without issue, and he ra. 2d, Anna . He resided first at Sud., and removed to Marl., 1664, and was Deacon of the church there. He d. Aug. 16, 1712, aged, as is supposed, about 93. His wid. d. June 4, 1713, aged 83. His two youngest chUdren are recorded in MarL, the rest in Sudbury. John, b. about 1647; ra. Tabitha Stone, r. at Sud., now Wayland. Lydia, h. July 30, 1648; d. same day. 15 Lydia, b. Dec. 10, 1649. Edmund, b. Dec. 9, 1653 ; ra. Joyce Russell, r. at Wayland. '[Daniel, b. Nov. 8, 1655 ; ra. Bethia Ward. Caleb, b. Feb. 8, 1657 ; d. April 27, 1658. '[Jacob, b. , 1660; m. Mary Anna, b. Nov. 19, 1661 ; ra. Thomas Rice, as his 2d wife. Dorcas, b. Jan. 29, 1664 ; ra. Thomas Forbush. \Benjamin, b. Dec. 22, 1666 ; m. Mary Graves. AbigaU, b. May 9, 1671 ; m. 1699, Samuel Forbush, a brother of the \^ above Thomas. 432 1-4- 4-24 2526 27 2829 303132333435 36 1-7- 7-37 38 39 4041 42 43444546 1-8- 8-47 48 4950 515253 5455 56 Thomas Rice m. Mary , and resided in Sud. till 1664, when he raoved to. Marl., of which township he was a proprietor. He d. Nov. 16, I68I. He had thirteen children, six of whom were b. in Sudbury, the rest in Marlboro'- Grace, b. ; d. at Sud. Jan. 13, 1654. '[Thomas, b.June 30, 1654; m. Mary . Mary, b. Sept 4, 1656 ; ra. 1678, Josiah White. iPeter, b. Oct. 24, 1658 ; ra. 1688, Mary Howe. JVathaniel, b. Jan. 3, 1660 ; m. I, Sarah , and 2d, Patience Stone, d. 1726. Sarah, b. Jan. 15, 1602 ; ra. Adams, and d. at the age of 80. Ephraim, b. April 15, 1665; he was twice m., resided in Sudbury, was a proprietor of Worcester. \ Gershom, b. May 9, 16t)7; m. Elizabeth Haynes. {james, b. March 6, 1669; m. Sarah Stone. Frances, b. Feb. 3, 1671 ; ra. Benjamin Allen, Jonas, b. March 6, 1673 ; ra. Mary Stone, r. at Worcester. Grace, b. Jan. 1.5, 1675; m. Nathaniel Moore. Elisha, b. Dec. II , 1679 ; m. Elizabeth , r. at Sud. and Worcester, Samuel Rice ra. Nov. 8, 16.55, Elizabeth King. -She d. 1667, and he ra. 2d, Sept. 1608, Mary Brown. She d. in Concord, where they had probably retired during the Indian war, 1675, and he m. 3d| Sarah, wid. of James Hosmer, of Concord, Dec. 13, 1676. The births of his four eldest children are recorded in Sudbury, the births of the others are found in Marl., except the youngest, which is in Concord, He probably carae to Marl, about 1663, and d. there, Feb. 25, 1685, aged about 51. Elizabeth, b. Oct. 26, 1656 ; m. Jan. 2, 1677, Peter Haynes, r. Sud. Hannah, b. 1658 ; ra. I68I, Jonathan Hubbard, r. at Concord. '[Joshua, b. April 19, I66I ; ra. Mary , r. at Marlboro'. '[Edmund, b. 1663; m. Nov. 15, 1092, Ruth Parker, of Roxbury. Esther, b. Sept 18, 1665; m. Hubbard. Samuel, b. Oct 14, 1 667 ; ra. Abigail Clapp, r. Milton and Sudbury. Mary, b. Aug. 6, 1669. \Edward, b. June 20, 1672; m. Lydia Fairbanks. Abigail, b. March 10, 1674 ; m. Palmer Goulding. Joseph, b. May 16, 1678 ; probably the Joseph Rice, who tti. Mary Townsend, at Boston, June 25, 1701. Joseph Rice m. May 4, 16.53, Mercy King, who probably d. soon after ; and he m. 2d, Martha, who d. at Mari. Jan. 4, 1669. He m. 3d, Mary Beers, of Watertown, 1670. She d. there May 13, 1677. He m. 4th, Sarah, by whom he had two children at Wat, and one, the youngest, at Marl. He probably left Marl, during Philip's war, and resided in Wat, but returned after the peace. Rebecca, b. April 6, 1660, at Sud. Martha, b. Jan. 14, 1662; m. Jonathan Cooledge ; r. at Watertown. Josiah, b. May 3, 1663. '[Caleb, b. May 19, 1666; m. May 21, 1696, Mary Ward. {Joseph, b. June 5, 1671 ; ra. Nov. 10, 1708, Mercy Keriey. Eleazer, b.Oct 26, 1672; d. young. Many, b. Aug. 6, 1674 ; ra. David Stone ; r. at Wat. Jonathan, b. March 26, 1679 ; m. Anna Derby ; r. at Sud. Sarah, b. Feb. 14, 1681 ; d. June, 1681. Phinehas, b. Aug. 24, 1682 ; m. Elizabeth WiUard ; r. Sud. and Stow. 433 Daniel Rice m. Feb. 10, 1681, Bethiah Ward, dau. of Dea. William Ward. She d. Dec. 8, 1721, aged 63: and he ra. May 9, 1725, Eliza beth (Wells) Wheeler, wid. of John Wheeler. He d. July 6, 1737, in his 82d year. Bethiah, b. Oct. 29, 1689 ; m. Oct. 28, 1708, Jonathan Newton. '[Daniel, b. June 3, 1684 ; m. Elizabeth Taylor ; r. at Marl, and Shrews. Judith, b. Sept. 29, 1687. '[Luke, b. Nov. 30, 1689 ; m. Rachel Stow ; r. at Mari. and Shrews. PriscUla, b. AprU 6, 1692; d. unm. Dec. 24, 1721. \Eleazer, b. May 16, 1695 ; m. Thankful Fletcher.'' Deborah, b. Nov. 14, 1697 ; m. James Brown, as 2d wife. Hopestill, b. Oct 22, 1702; m. Edward Wilson; r. at Shrews. Jacob Rice m. Mary . He d. Oct 30, 1746, aged 80 years, 1 raonths and 28 days. She d. Oct. 6, 1752, aged 80. Amos, b. Dec. 23, 1693 ; m. Mary ; settled in Brookfield, and was a deacon. Martha, b. July 28, 1696 ; ra. Elisha Rice. Obadiah, b. Nov. 13, 1698; ra. Esther Merrick ; settled in Brookfield. Estlier, b. Jan. 26, 1701 ; m. 1727, Jonathan Jennings, Brookfield. Eunice, b. Feb. 11, 1703; d. Nov. 11, 1715. Man/, b. July 14, 1705; d. unm. at Mari., Feb. 1804, aged 99. Jacob, b. Oct. 3, 1707 ; ra. Hannah Howe ; r. at Westboro' and North boro'. f Gershom, b. May 2, 1710 ; m. Lydia Barrett. Bethiah, b. Aug. 13, 1712; m. Jesse Brigham. Benjamin Rice m. April 1, 1691, Mary Graves, of Sudbury. She d. Oct. 22, 1736, aged 66 ; he d. Feb. 23, 1749, in his 83d year. Azariah, b. Aug. 13, 1693 ; m. Hannah , andr. at Brookfield, where he d. 1779. Lydia, b. June 6, 1695; m. Cyprian Rice. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 9, 1697 ; m. 172.3, Ephraim Howe; r. at Marl. Simon, b. Jan. 9, 1699; m. Grace Newton; r. at Westboro'. \Zerubbabel, b. Jan. I, 1709; m. Elizabeth Barrett, of Marl. Rachel, b. Nov. 2, 1703 ; ra. May 20, 1724, Abraham Howe. \Matlhias, b. April 4, 1706 ; ra. Anna Bigelow. PriscUla, b. Sept. 10, 1708 ; ra. 1742, Joseph Partridge. Damaris, b. July 20, 171 1 ; ra. Jonathan Brighara, Jr. ; r. at Marl. Thomas Rice m. Mary , and resided in Marl. She d. at Wat., 1677, whither she had retired for safety from the Indians in Philip's war. He ra. 2d, Anna Rice, his cousin, 1681. By a division of, MarL in 17 1 7, his residence fell within West, where he was one of the original raembers of the church. He represented Marl, several years in the General Court. He d. 1748, aged 94. Thomas, b. 1683 ; m. Mary Oakes ; r. in Westboro'. i Charks, b. July 7, 1684; ra. AprU 29, 17II, Rachel Wheeler; r. in V Westboro'. Eunice, b. May 3, 1686. [86 Jason, b. Feb. 23, 1688. Jedediah, b. June 10, 1690 ; ra. May 7, 1713, Dorcas Wheeler, of Mari., and d. AprU 27, 1715, aged 25. He had Phebe, b. Nov. 1, 1714. His wid. ra. 1719, Samuel Davis. AUel, b and d. Dec. 1692. } ^^ ^^^^ ^^j^^^ Anna, b. and d. Dec. 1692. ^ •' 434 90 91 N)2 939495 4-27- 27-96 9798 99 100 101102103104105106 4-31- 4-32- 7-39- 39-107 108 109 110 HI 7-40- r Ashur, b. July 6, 1694 ; m. Tabitha . He was captured by the Indians. Adonijah, b. Aug. 11, 1696 ; he was taken by the Indians, Aug. 8, 1704, with his brother Ashur, and carried to Canada. Ashur was redeemed by his father and returned to Westboro' ; , but Adonijah never returned. Their cousins Silas and Timothy were taken at the same time. Perez, b. July 23, 1698 ; m. Lydia ; resided at West Vasliti, b. March 7, 1700 ; m. Daniel Hardy, at West, Dec. 22, 1727. Beiiah, b. Aug. 20, 1702 ; m. Mary Goodnow. They resided first at West., and then at Annapolis, N. S. JVoah, b. ; ra. Hannah Warren ; r. at West. Peter Rice m. 1688, Rebecca Howe, dau. of Abraham and Han nah (Ward) Howe. She d. May 10, 1749, aged 81 years, 3 months and 8 days. He d. Nov. 28, 1753, aged 95 years, 1 month and 4 days. He was a captain of the train-band, and one of the committee who designated the garrison houses in 1711, to which the families were to resort in time of danger. Elisha, b. Dec. 2, 1690 ; ra. Martha Rice ; resided at Brookfield. Zipporah ) ^ jjg^_ j7 jggj j^^.^g_ Zephaniah, ^ ' Cyprian, b. 1693 ; m. Lydia Rice ; settled at Brookfleld. Pelatiah, b. July 25, 1694 ; m. Sarah Newton ; r. at West. Elnathan,b. Jan. '98, 1698; d. 1716. Peter, b. Sept. 24, 1700 ; ra. Dinah Woolcot ; r. at Brookfield. AbigaU, b. Aug. 5, 1702 ; ra. Ezekiel Bowker. Deborah, b. May 22, 1704. Rebecca, bap. Sept. 27, 1706 ; m. Dec. 16, 1746, Uriah Eager. ^Abraham, b. June 29, 1709; m. Jan. 31, 1736, Persis Robinson. Gershom Rice ra. Elizabeth Haynes. He removed to Groton, Ct, before 1698, and returned to Marl, before 1713, when he was a peti tioner for a new settlement at Worcester, which had been broken up by the Indians. Gershom Rice removed to Wor. He had a family of 6 or 7 children, who settled in and about Worcester. James Rice ra. Sarah Stone, of Sud., had 4 children b. in Mari., and afterwards moved to Worcester, where his children mostly set- tied. Joshua Rice m. Mary . He d. in MarL June 23, 1734, aged 73. He was a proprietor of Worcester, where he resided for a short time, when he returned to Marl. His wid. d. at Marl. Dec, 1766, aged 95. Samuel, b. Feb. 1 1, 1693 ; resided in Wor., where he d. 178 1, aged 88. JVahum, b. Sept. 3, 1695; he was insane, and had a guardian, 1742. Sarah, b. June I, 1698 ; d. unm., AprU 3, 1778, aged 80. Zephaniah, b. Sept 22, 1700 ; ra. Mary Heywood, of Wor., where he lived. ^Andrew, b. Jan. 18, 1703 ; ra. Hannah Barnes ; r. in Marl. ^ Edmund Rice ra. Nov. 15, 1692, Ruth Parker, of Roxbury. He resided in that part of Marl, which was set off to form the town of Westboro'. He had a famUy of 12 children. Among them were Silas, b. 1695, and Timothy, b. 1697, who were taken by the Indians, 435 7-44- 44-112 113 114 115116 117 118 119120 121 -50- 50-122 123124125126 127 129 130 8-51- 51-132 133 in 1704, and carried captive to Canada. Their brother JVahor, b. 1699, was killed at the same time. Silas and Tiraothy were taken to Canada, where they married Indian wives, and had children by them. To Silas they gave the name of Tookanowras, and to Timothy the name of Oughtsorangoughton. The latter became the third of six Chiefs of the Cognawaga tribe. In that capacity he addressed a speech to Colonel, afterwards General Burgoyne, when employed in an expedition against Canada in the French war, in 1755. Tiraothy returned to Westboro', Sept., 1740, with an interpreter — himself having lost his mother-tongue — and visited the place, where he was captured, of which he had a clear remembrance, together with the circumstances under which he was taken. Nothing said or done could induce him to return to Westboro', or to civilized life. He re turned to Canada, where he and his brother Silas were living in 1790. Edward Rice m. May 25, 1702, Lydia Fairbanks. They resided in Marl., where he d. July 20, 1741, aged 69 years. His wid. d. Sept. 13, 1755, aged 72. She was from Sherborn, and dau. of Eleazer, son of George and Mary — son of Jonathan, the New England progenitor, who d. at Dedham, 1678. Edward Rice and 4 of his children d. the sarae year. Martha, b. Oct '26, 1703 ; ra. 1st, Jona. Howard, and 2d, John Banister. Tabitha, b. March 6, 1706 ; ra. Nathaniel Oakes; r. in North. Lydia, b.. March 22, 1708 ; m. Jonathan Goodnow. Zeruiah, b. Feb. 4, 1710 ; d. Jan. 19, 1741. , Gideon, b. AprU 5, 1712 ; m. Esther , and had Esther, b. May 6, 1738. Persis, b. April 15, 1714 ; ra. Thomas Goodnow, brother of Jonathan. Patience, b. Aug. 30, I7I6 ; d. Jan. 9, 1741. Elizabeth, b. Oct. 25, 1718 ; m. Ezekiel Howe. Mary, b. Nov. 23, 1723; d. Jan. 5, I74I. Luay, b. July 15, 1726 ; d. Jan. 14, 1741. Caleb Rice ra. May 21, 1696, Mary Ward, dau. of Samuel and Sarah (Howe) Ward. He d. Jan. 5, 1739, aged 78. She d. Aug. 18, 1742, in her 66th year. He was a deacon of the church in Marl. from 1718 to the time of his death. Martha, b. June 3, 1697. Mary, b. April 30, 1699 ; m. May 16, 1725, Abraham Beaman. Josiah, b. Dec. 30, 1700 ; ra. 1726, Thankful Rice ; r. at West, and North. ^Jabez, b. Feb. 2, 1702 ; ra. Hannah Brighara. {jVathan, b. Dec. 11, 1704 ; ra. Elizabeth Wetherby. Rebecca, b. Dec. 10, 1706. 128 Sarah, b. March 13, 1709. Caleb, b. Dec. 13, 1712; grad. H. C. 1730, studied theology, was or dained the first minister in Sturbridge, Sept. 29, 1736 ; m. PriscUla Payson, and d. in the ministerial office, Sept. 2, 1759, aged 46. Hepzibah, b. July 14, 1715. 131 Keziah, b. Feb. 10, I7I7. Joseph Rice m. Nov. 10, 1708, Mercy Kerley, who d. Oct 16, 1727, and he m. 2d, Dec. 4, 1728, Elizabeth Robinson, who d. Oct 13, 1733, aged 48. He m. 3d, Oct. 18, 1734, Jane Corey, of Boston. He d. Dec. 3, 1745, and she d. 1762. He was a proprietor of New Mari borough. jJesse, b. Nov. 8, 1709 ; ra. Beulah . Eleazer, b. Dec. 36, 1713 ; d. Feb. 14, 1713. 56 436 134135 1.36137 17-58- 58-138 139 140 141 143 144 17-60- 60-145 146 147148149150151152 17-62- 19-72- 72-153 154155156 157158159 160 22-78- 22-80- :b.Nov.lO,1714,5P:tt!^i/29:f752. Mercy, , Elizabeth, '^ Many, b. July 30, 1718 ; m. March 24, 1741, Thaddeus Bond. Ruth, b. Sept 1, 1721 ; ra. 1738, EUsha Ward ; r. in West. Daniel Rice ra. Feb. 12, 1713, Elizabeth Taylor. He settled in Marl., where his chUdren were born. He resided in Shrewsbury the latter part of his life, where he probably d. Hannah, b. June 20, 1714 ; m. Ephraim Sraith. WUliam, b. Dec. 13, 1715 ; d. before 1742. David, b. Sept. 16, 1717 ; m. Love Moore, of Rutland, and r. there. Steplien, b. June 27, 1720. 142 Bezaleel, b. Dec. 20, 1723. ^6?ier, b. March 21, 1726; went to Vt, and commenced the setUe- raent of Halifax, in 1761. \Jabez, b. AprU 7, 1728 ; m. Miriam Morse. Luke Rice ra. Dec. 14, 1715, Rachel Stow, dau. of Samuel and EUzabeth Stow, of Mari. They resided in Marl, till about 1740, when they moved to Shrews., where he became a leading man, and filled many important offices in the town. He d. July 4, 1754, in his 65th year. She was living 1771. Azubah, b. June 37, 1716 ; m. Thomas Baker; r. in West and Shrews. Hezekiah, b. Feb. 18, 1718 ; ra. Mary Taylor; r. in Shrews. Dinah, b. March 24, 1719 ; ra. Abrahara Eager; r. in Shrews. RacM, b. March 22, 1723 ; m. Feb. 25, 1747, Jonas Stone ; r. in Shrews. Abigail, b. Sept. 21, 1725 ; m. Benjamin Maynard ; r. in Shrews. Lydia, b. Oct. 24, 1728 ; d. June 10, 1740. PriscUla, b. June 5, 1731 ; m. 1753, Jotham Howe; r. in Shrews. Sarah, b. AprU 27, 1734 ; ra. Nathaniel Whittemore ; r. in Shrews. Eleazer Rice ra. Dec. 8, 1720, Thankful Fletcher, of Chelms ford. They resided in MarL, where three of their children are re corded ; the fourth probably d. at Boston, , where the parent had reraoved. They had Bethiah, b. Jan. 23, 1722, and Thankful, Eleazer, and Mary. Gershom Rice m. Lydia Barrett, dau. of Thomas Barrett, of Marh He d. Oct. 11, 1790, in his 8Ist year; she d. June 4, 1799, aged 87. Silas, b. March 31, 1739; d. Aug. 30, 1742. Ichabod, b. June 20, 1741 ; d. Aug. 20, 1742. Solomon, b. July 17, 1743; d. Feb. 20, 17.53. Gershom, b. June 15, 1745 ; d. Feb. 20, 1753. ^Thomas, b. Nov. 17, 1747; m. AbigaU Hapgood. Jonathan, b. Jan. 30, 1749 ; d. Dec. 5, 1751. ^Gershom, b. July 3, 1755 ; in. Susannah Howe. Solomon, b. June 13, 1757; ra. Mary Binney, of Marl., about 1782, and reraoved to Princeton, where he d. 1794. Zerubbabel Rice m. Feb. 4, 1728, Elizabeth Barrett He d. Aug. 27, 1775, in his 74th year. His wife d. May 24, 1770; she was dau. of Thoraas Barrett, who d. at Mari. 1750, aged 78. Zerubbabel Rice d. without issue. Matthias Rice m. Anna Bigelow, dau. of John and Jerusha (Gar field) Bigelow. He and his wife were admitted to the church in Mari. 437 27-106- 106-161 1621&3 164 165 166 167 39-111- 111-168 169 170171172 173 174 175 50-125- 125-176 177 178179 50-126- 126-180 51-132- 132-181 182183184185 186187 188190 1740. He subsequently moved to Northboro' ; was one of the found ers of the church there in 1745, and was one of the Deacons. He d. in 1764, without issue. Abraham Rice ra. Jan. 21, 1736, Persis Robinson. She d. Oct. 4, 1755, aged 44. He ra. 2d, Anna, wid. of Dea. Matthias Rice, of North. Abrahara Rice d. Jan. 22, 1786, in his 77th year. His wid. Anna d. Dec. 4. 1793, aged 81. Elizabeth, b. Oct. 12, 1736 ; ra. Paul Brighara, and Col. Silas Bailey. Lucy, b. June 6, 1738; m. 1759, Paul Matthews; r. at Princeton. Joel, b. May 14, 1741 : d. unra. Feb. 4, 1818. Miriam., b. Feb. 26, 1743 ; d. June 22, 1753. Persis, b. Jan. 27, 1745 ; m. Feb. 25, 1762, Joseph Howe. jPeter, b. March 29, 1749 ; m. Levinah Howe. Samuel, b. Aug. 26, 1754; d. Oct 1, 1755. Andrew Rice m. Dec. 3, 1734, Hannah Barnes. He was chosen Dea. of the church 1742, and d. Jan. 15, 1775, aged 72. His wid. Hannah d. Feb. 16, 1789, aged 77. Eber, b. Oct. 31, 1735 ; d. June 30, 1744. Lydia, b. Nov. 6, 1737 ; d. June 27, 1749. \Benjamin, b. Jan. 4, 1740 ; m. May 22, 1764, Susanna Weeks. Ann, b. June 27, 1742 ; ra. Dec. 24, 1763, Daniel Ward ; r. in Mari. Phebe, b. Sept. 30, 1744 ; ra. Dec. 5, 1702, WUliara Williaras. Abel, b. April 23, 1747. f Elisha, b. April 12, 1751 ; m. April 3, 1771, Eunice WUliams ; r. in .MarL John, b. Oct 21, 1753; d. Aug. 11, 1776. Jabez Rice m. June 7, 1732, Hannah Brighara. He probably d. 1783, aged 81. Hannah, b. March 9, 1737; d. March 30, I75I. ^Caleb, b. May 7, 1740 ; grad. H. C. 1764 ; ra. Mary Stone. f Jabez, b. July 17, 1746 ; m. Alice Howe. {jVoah, b. Sept 10, 1751 ; grad. H. C. 1777; m. Sarah Cazneau. Nathan Rice m. Dec. 3, 1741, Elizabeth Witherbee. 28, 1764, in his 60th year. \Jonah, b. Oct 30, 1742 ; ra. Phebe . He d. May Jesse Rice ra. Beulah . He d. Aug. 12, 1771. She d. Feb. 1798, aged 77. It is thought he had two wives, but there is no record of the raarriages. His two-story house was burnt in March, 1769. Joseph, b. June 5, 1745 ; d. Sept. 24, 1746. Mary, b. Aug. 30, 1746 ; m. Samuel Morse. Joseph, b. April 11, 1748 ; ra. Aug. 19, 1773, Hannah Fairbanks. Eleazer, b. Oct. 3, 1749 ; m. Jan. 4, 1773, Elizabeth Dariing. Jesse, b. May 25, 1751 ; grad. H. C. 1772. He settied in N. H., and on the breaking out of the Revolution, adhered to the king, and left the country. He was a physician, and settied in Yarmouth, N. S. Ruth, b. April 9, 1753. Ashbel, b. April 28, 1755 ; m. July 14, 1779, Persis Knights. WUliam, b . 189 Elizabeth, b. May 31, 1761. Beulah, b. March 3, 1764. 438 58-144- 144-191 192 193194 195197198 199 301202203 204205 72-157- 157-206 207 208 209 210311313 313 73-159- 159-314 215 316 317218 106-166- 166-219 220 221 Jabez Rice ra. Jan. 9, 1753, Miriam Morse. She d. Jan. 18, 1776, ¦ was dau. of Joseph and Abigail (Barnes) Morse. He m. 2d, April 2, 1776, Elizabeth Burnett, who d. Nov. 27, 1812. He d. Nov. 4, 1809. Daniel, b. April 7, 1753; m. 1778, Lucy Darling. They resided in Marl, some years, when he removed to Northborough, and then to Whitestown, N. Y. Miriam, b. Nov. 8, 1754 ; d. July 31, 1771. \ William, b. Nov. 25, 1755 ; m. Nancy . Martin, b. March 17, 1757; he was in the six months' service from Petersham in 1775 ; ra. Ruth Hastings, and resided in Petersham. Lydia, b. Aug. 8, 1758. 196 Stephen, b. June 8, 1762. P'liebe, b. July 2, 1764. Jabez, b. Nov. 14, 1766; m. 1816, Rebecca Hayden, wid. of Daniel Hayden, and had Lewis, b. Sept. 14, 1816. Aaron, h. Nov. II, 1768. 200 Betsey, b. Nov..7, 1770. Anna, b. Nov. 17, 1772. John Hancock, ^^ j^^^ ^ ^^.g ^ d. Oct 28, 1785. Dorothy t^uincy, ^ i The above twins were b. ten days after the battle of Bunker Hill, and such was the spirit of patriotism, and such the devotion to the leaders of the great Revolutionary movement, that these children were honored with the name of John Hancock and his intended wife. Moses, b. Jan. 25, 1780 ; m. and had Aaron. Paul, b. Feb. 16, 1783. Thomas Rice ra. Sept. 15, 1772, AbigaU Hapgood, dau. of John and Abigail Hapgood. He d. Oct. 28, 1840, in his 93d year. His wife d. AprU 1828, aged 73. Lydia, b. May 26, 1778 ; m. John Carruth, of Northboro', and r. there. JVancy, b. Sept. 11, 1780 ; ra. 1804, Abel Maynard ; he d. gored by an ox. Catharine, b. July 9, 1783 ; ra. 1806. Jothara Bartiett \ Jonathan, b. Nov. 30, 1786; ra. 1809, Betty Brigham. {Levi, b. June 23, 1789 ; m. 1811, Lucinda Bigelow. Lucy, b. June 13, 1792; d. July 11, 1796. WUIard, b. Sept. 7, 1794 ; m. 1815, Anna Barnes. Solomon, b. Sept. 3, 1799 ; m. 1836, Mary H. Perkins, who d. 1840, and he m. Nancy Cunningham. Gerbhom Rice m. Susanna Howe, dau. of Thaddeus Howe, and Lucinda his wife. They both d. April, 1837 — he in his 82d year, and she aged 79. \Stephen, b. April 15, 1779 ; ra. AprU 4, 1804, Anna Morse. {Edward, b. March 16, 1784 ; m. Nov. 26, 1809, Susanna Pelton. Susanna, b. Dec. 5, 1787; m. Feb. 23, 1809, Ivory Bigelow. Mary, b. March 3, 1791 ; m. May 21, I8I7, Luke Posgate, of Beriin. They have joined the Shakers. Hemy, b. June 23, 1794 ; ra. 1829, Mary W. Lee, of Concord, and settled in Lincoln, where he d. about 1858. Peter Rice ra. Jan. 2, 1772, Levina Howe, dau. of Joseph and Grace Howe. She d. Dec. 23, 1812, aged 61, and he d. Dec. 9, 18'-i6, aged 78. Matthias, b. AprU 20, 1773 ; d. unm. at Orange, Vt., May 9, 1796. Lucy, b. Dec. 21, 1774 ; m. Col. Ephraira Brigham, and d. 1814. ^Eh, b. Oct. 8, 1777; m. Oct 29, 1799, Lucy Brigham. 439 111-170- 170-222 223 2'24225 226227 228 1, 111-174- 174-229 230 231 125-177- 177-232 233 234 235 125-178- 178-2.36 238 239 240241 125-179- 179-242 243244 245 246 347 348249250 Benjamin Rice ra. May 22, 1764, Susanna Weeks, dau. of Col. John and Dinah Weeks. He d. 181 1, aged 70, and she d. Feb. 17, 1826, aged 82. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 18, 1765; m. Roger Phelps. Mary, b. AprU 8, 1767 ; ra. 1786, Lewis Brighara, and d. June 15, 1797. Phebe, b. Oct. 23, 1768 ; m. 1790, Samuel Williams, and d. 1794. Stephen, b. Dec. 27, 1769; d. AprU 19, 1788. Susanna, b. Dec. 28, 1771 ; d. unm. \Benjamin, b. July 8, 1774 ; ra. July 21, 1803, Persis Hapgood. John, b. Nov. 29, 1783 ; d. April 20, 1788. Elisha Rice ra. AprU 3, 1771, Eunice WiUiams; she d. Aug. II, 1776, aged 26. He survived her only twelve days, and d. Aug. 23, 1776, aged 26. Sarah, b. Nov. 29, 1771 ; ra. Feb. 16, 1792, John Bond. Elisha, b. June 16, 1773; ra. Nov. 24, 1795, Lucy Boyd. Eber, b. July 3, 1775 ; ra. May 25, 1801, Sarah Barnes. Caleb Rice m. Mary Stone, of Southborough. He grad. at H. Coll. 1764, and d. Dec. 28, 1776, in his 37th year. His wid. d. March 27, 1777, in her 35th. She was dau. of Rev. Nathan Stone, the first minister of Southboro', who grad. at H. Coll. 1726 ; ordained at South borough, Oct 24, 1730, and d. May 31, 1781. Caleb, b. July 9, 1771 ; m. 1796, Miriam Bartlett, r. Lunenburg, Vt JVathan, b. Dec. 27, 1772 ; d. unm. on a voyage to Madeira, 1797. Ephraim B., b. Jan 10, 1774 ; ra. Elizabeth Howe, r. Lunenburg, Vt. Solomon, b. May 13, 1775 ; ra. Miss Whitney, r. Brighton. Jabez Rice m. June 27, 1776, Alice Howe. He d. Nov. 3, 1809, in his 64th year. His wid. Alice ra. April 30, 1817, Siraon Goddard, of Phillipston. Hannah, b. Aug. 5, 1777. 237 Lydia, b. April 9, 1779 ; d. 1783. Aaron, b. May 30, 1783; d. Oct. 1782. Sally, b. May 14, 1784; m. March 5, 1804, Martin Rice. Jabez, b. Aug. 24, 1786 ; m. I8II, Betsey Stevens, dau. of Daniel. Abel, b. June 19, 1791 ; m. June 13, I8I4, Betsey Hunt, of Northboro'. She d. May 28, 1825. Noah Rice, m. 1778, Sarah Cazneau, of Boston, who d. May 15, 1781, aged 28. He m. 2d, Mrs. Hannah (Palfrey) Cole, of Boston. He d. Oct 1, 1820, in his 70th year, and she d. Sept 17, 1826, aged 75. He was a graduate of H. Coll. William C, b. Oct 26, 1779 ; d. Jan. 19, 1780. WiUiam C, b. Jan. 9, 1781; d. AprU 11, 1781. Henry, b. Jan. 15, 1786 ; m. 1816, Maria Burroughs ; r. in Boston. Sarah C, b. Nov. 25, 1787 ; ra. Heraan Seaver— well known in Mari. by the appellation of " Master Seaver." Sophia, b. AprU 27, 1789. . WUliam P., b. Nov. 21, 1790 ; went to Cincinnati, O., and d. there, 1843. . „, Rufus, b. Jan. 37, 1793 ; m. L. A. Mutzenbeeker ; r. m Worcester. Elizabeth C, b. Dec. 13, 1794; d. Nov. 37, 1806. Hannah, b. Sept. 3, 1796 ; was living unm. 1854. 440 126-180- 180-251 252 253 254255256258259260261 144-193-157-209- 157-210- 159-214- 159-215- 106-221- 221-262 263 264 265266267 268 Jonah Rice m. Phebe . He d. June 12, 1827, in his 85th year. JVathan, b. Oct 8, 1775; m. Arathusa Moore, of Bolton. They had Matthias, b. July 1, 1799; Emily, b. AprU 25, 1801; Adaline, b. AprU 5, 1804, d. I83I ; Charles, b. 1806; Albert; Louisa; Are thusa ; JVatlmn ; Dana ; Peter, b. April 25, 1817 ; drowned on his birthday, April 25. 1838. Abel, b. AprU 23, 1777 ; d. Sept 10, 1790. Elizabeth, b. April 18, 1779 ; m. John Hunting, and d. 1832. Martin, b. Marcb 29, 1781; m. March 5, 1804, Sally Rice. They had 11 chUdren b. between 1804 and 1825. He d. 1844. Edward, b. Feb. 33, 1783 ; m. 1817, Lydia Gates, and d. 1859, with out issue. Lydia, b. Jan. 38, 1785. 357 Ezekiel, b. Dec. 16, 1786 ; d. 1789. P'/ie6c, b. Feb. 3, 1789. Hervey, b. March 25, 1791 ; m. Thusa . Luke, b. June 20, 1793; ra. Anna Gleason, and d. Jan. 20, 1853. Matthias, b. AprU 3, 1795 ; d. May 10, 1796. William Rice m. Nancy . They had John, b. March 5, 1782 ; Jonatlmn, b. May 14, 1783 ; Betsey, b. July 27, 1785. Jonathan Rice ra. March 25, 1809, Betsey Brigham, dau. of Capt. Aaron Brigham, and d. 1860. They had ./36ig'oi7, b. July 21, 1810, m. John F. Rice ; Eli, b. AprU 24, 1812 ; Thomas, b. June 12, I8I4; Lucy, b. Aug. 20, 1816; Aaron B., b, Feb. 14, 1819; Ca?-oHne E., b. Feb. 8, 1 821 ; Sarah Ann, b. July 1 1, 1823 ; Joseph A., b. Jan. 16, 1826 ; WUliam, b. Aug. 6, 1828 ; Charlotte B., b. March 6, 1834. Levi TIice ra. Sept 15, 1811, Lucinda Bigelow, dau. of Gershom. She d. July 17, 1850, aged 59. They had 8 chUdren, b. between 1817 and 1832. Stephen Rice m. AprU 4, 1804, Anna Morse, dau. of Francis Morse. They had Louisa, b. March 6, 1805, d. unm. Nov. 28, 1839 ; John F., b. Jan. 7, 1809, ra. Nov. 15, 1832, AbigaU Rice, dau. of Jonathan; Man/ Ann, b. Jan. 22, 1813, d. Jan. 17, 1836; Jane, b. March 19, 181^, m. 1840, Warren T. Bush, r. at North. Edward Rice m. Nov. 26, 1809, Susanna Pelton, dau. of Joel Pelton. They had Sally, b. Oct 5, 1810 ; Emerson, b. March 9, 1812; Edward G. and Susan B., twins, b. Jan. 23, 1814 ; Maiy, b. March 26, 1816 ; Geoj-g-e E., b. May 29, 1818. Eli Rice m. Oct 29, 1799, Lucy Brighara, dau. of Winslow and Elizabeth Brigham. He d. May 4, 1851, aged 73. She d. Nov., 1850, in her 72d year. He was captain of a company, deacon of the West Church, a Justice of the Peace, and Representative to the General Court Levina, b. Oct. 19, 1800; m. 1817, Otis Russell, and had 17 children. Matthias, b. July 10, 1802 ; ra. Martha Brighara. She r. at Fitchburg. Lucy B., b. April 3, 1804 ; d. Jan. 10, 1805. Emily, b. Nov, 10, 1806 ; ra. Edward Phelps. Betsey, b. Oct 7, 1808 ; d. Aug. 37, 1819. Lucy, b. Jan. 16, 1811 ; d. Feb. 11, 1811. Sophronia, b. Feb. 1, 1813 ; ra. Edward Phelps, husband of her de ceased sister. 441 269270 271272 273 , 170-227- 227-274 275276277278 279 Peter, b. March 10, 1815 ; d. unm. Feb. 26, 1841. Laura A., b. April 27, 1817 ; m. WiUiam Hersey. Sophia, b. March 5, 1819 ; m. 1851, Dennis Wetherbee. Winslow B., b. May 24, 1821 ; ra. Nov. 23, 1842, Emeline L. Stow, and moved to Ohio. Abraham W., b. May 7, 1823 ; m. 1844, Abby W. Albee. Benjamin Rice grad. H. C, 1796; m. July 21, 1803, Persis Hap good. He d. Sept 24, 1833, in his 60th year. She d. Jan. 4, I82I. She was dau. of Dea. Jonathan Hapgood. Benjamin Rice was deacon of the West Church, and a Magistrate. Persis, b. Jan. 5, 1804 ; ra. as his 2d wife. Rev. Seth Alden, who grad. at Brown University 1814, and settled at Marl., 1819. He was afterward installed at West Brookfield, and subsequently at Lincoln. WhUe officiating at Westborough on the Lord's Day, Nov. 13, 1853, and while reading his first hymn in the afternoon service, he fell and instantly expired, in the 60th year of his age. He was a lineal descendant of John Alden, who came over in the Mayfiower, 1020, and who ra. PriscUla Mullens — the lady whose hand was sought by Capt. Miles Standish, the courtship of whom is immortal ized by the Poet Longfellow. Susanna W., b. Aug. 16, 1805; ra. 1827, Lewis Bigelow. Benjamin P., b. July 7, 1808 ; ra. Deborah Carrico. Elizabeth, b. Dec, 28, I8I0. George, b, June 4, 1813 ; d. at Worcester, June 30, 1847. John, b. Nov. 10, 1815. 280 Mary C, b. Aug. 21, 1818. William Rice, supposed to be a descendant of this faraily, came to MarL from Lynn, 1785, and m. the following year, Lydia Sawin, dau. of Munning. They had Ist, Otis, b. June 5, 1787, who m. Lucretia Eager, and had WUliam, Henry, HoUis, Charles, Jonathan, and two dau. ; 2d, Phebe S., b. April 14, 1789, m. Rev. Robert L. Killam, and had three children. As the Rice faraUy have been very numerous, and have resided in Sud., South., West , North., and other neighboring towns, there will of course be some of the name from time to tirae resident in Marl., who do not belong to the regular famiUes in the town. These raay not be found here. Por a full genealogy of the Rice family, see the Book prepared by A. J. Ward, Esq., to which I am indebted for much information concerning this family. RIPLEY. — George Ripley, by wife Sarah, had Christian, b. Feb. 27, 1689; WUliam, b. July 21, 1691. ROBINSON.— Jeremiah Robinson m. Oct 14, 1746, Eunice Amsden, and had Thomas, b. Oct 27, 1748 ; Eunice, b. Oct 13, 1750; Bradbury, b. Aug. 8, 1752 ; Cain, b. Sept. 15, 1754 ; Lydia, b. Aug. 14, 1757; Winthrop, b. July 23, 1760, d. young; Winthrop, b. Aug. 12, 1763. Oliver Robinson, by wife Elizabeth, had Dana, b. Dec. 2, 1792. RUDDOCK.— John Ruddock, of Sudbury, was made freeman 1640. He was one of the original proprietors of Marl, and a leading man among them. He was one of the committee chosen in 1656, " to put the affairs of ye sd. new Plantation in an orderly way." He was also the first clerk of the proprietors and of the town ; the latter office he held twelve or fifteen years. He was also one of the selectmen, a 442 number of years, a deacon of the church, and in all respects an influ ential and controlling member of society. We have no record of any family but his wives. He was thrice married ; but we have records of their deaths only. Dorothy, his first wife, d. May 9, 1686; he then ra. Jane Brimsmead, a sister of his clergyman, who d. Feb. 9, 1688 ; he ra. 3d, Rebecca, who d. his wid. Dec. 25, 1694. He d. Jan. 28, 1693. He built one of the first frarae-houses in the place, situated on the spot or near where the widow Joseph Howe now resides. RUGG. — Nathaniel Rugg, by wife Hannah, had Reuhamah, b. March 31, 1769. Jonathan Rugg, by wife Sarah Newton, had Bathsheba,b. Oct 26, 1703. He moved to Framingham. Both Jonathan and Nathaniel were from Lan. THE RUSSELL FAMILY. Oliver Russell's name appears on the roll of Capt Daniel Barnes's Company, which marched to Cambridge, April 19, 1775; it also appears on the roll of the eight-months' men of that year. He m. Oct 29, 1778, Betty Howe. He d. Oct 38, 1820. Abraham, b. March 31, 1779. Betsey, b. Oct. 16, 1780; ra. Oct 5, 1797, WiUard Brigham. Otis, b. April 24, 1793 ; ra. AprU 31, 1817, Levina Rice, and had seventeen children. Lydia, b. Dec. 23, 1795; ra. Aug. 5, 1821, Ashbel Brigham. Relief, b. Oct 7, 1797 ; ra. June 28, 1824, Lovett Fay. Jo7in, b. June 25, 1799. 8 Oliver, b. April 24, 1801. Nathaniel P. Russell m. April 30, 1780, Patty WUliams. She d. April 8, 1793, and he ra. 1794, Patience Robinson. He d. March 17, 1812. He carae to Marlborough from Bolton. Lucy, b. Nov. 29, 1780. Sally, b. Dec. 2, 1782 ; d. 1797, at Watertown. Solomon, b. Feb. 27, 1786. 5 Patty, b. March 30, 1788. WUliam, b. Nov. 4, 1790. 7 Prentice, b. June 7, 1795. Patience, b. Feb. 28, 1797. SAMPSON. — John Sampson, by his wife Abigail, had Benjamin, b. Nov. 27, 1727; Rachel, b. 1729; Huldah, b. 1731 ; Jonatlmn, b. Oct. 25, 1733. THE SAWIN FAMILY. The Sawins of Marl, were undoubtedly the descendants of John Sawin, of Watertown, who was made freeman, 1653. He m. 1st, Abi gail Manning, and 3d, Judith Peirce, and had John; Manning, b. 1()55; and Tlwmas, b. 1657. John settled in Natick, Thomas in Sherborn, and Munning in Watertown. Frora one of these families the Marl, branch descended. The narae Munning, among other things, shows the connection. Munning Sawin m. Rebecca Munroe, of Weston, dau. of Benja min, and grand dau. of William Munroe, the ancestor of all the Mun- 443 1- 2 3 4 57 1-2- 2- 8 9 10 12 14 1-4- 4-16 17 18 20 roes in this region. May 12, 1746. He d. June 28, 1807, aged 87; and hence was born 1720. She d. May 22, 1805. He was a membe^ of Capt Abraham Williams's Co., organized in 1757, in view of the dangers from the French and Indians. He was for raany years a keeper of a public house in MarL Capt Cyprian Howe was also an innholder at the sarae time. Though their houses were in some deffree rivals they were not probably entirely antagonistic. I well remember an old bacchanalian ballad with the inspiring chorus :— " Uncle Cyp makes the flip, And Munning makes the toddy, O." \Benjamin, b. Aug. 8, 1748 ; m. Dec. 6, 1772, Martha Howe. Silas, b. May 25, 1752 ; d. May 24, 1779. tJoftn, b. June 21, 1754; m. Feb. 24, 1773, Hannah Moore. Phebe, b. May 10, 1759. 6 Betty, b. Jan. 5, 1763. Lydia, b. Dec. 10, 1764 ; m. 1786, WUliam Rice, late from Lynn. Benjamin Sawin ra, Dec. 6, 1772, Martha Howe, dau. of Cyprian Howe. William, b. April 13, 1773; m. Dec. 6, 1795, Betsey Temple. Dorothy, b. March 7, 1775 ; m. 1793, Thomas Wood. Thomas, b. July 26, 1777. 11 Phebe, b. Aug. 15, 1779. Benjamin, b. July 7, 1781. 13 Martha, b. July 28, 1783. Jabez, b. Jan. 13, 1786. 15 Henry, b. March 17, 1788. John Sawin m. Feb. 24, 1773, Hannah Moore. She d. June 20, 1808, and he ra. Dec. 14, 1808, Elizabeth Cutting. He commanded a company of militia. He d. June 13, 1833, aged 78. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 30, 1773. John, b. Sept 9, 1775 ; m. 1794, Lucy Stratton. Moses, b. April 19, 1777. 19 Silas, b. June 30, 1779. Jonathan, b. Feb. 33, 1782; ra. 1801, Martha Fay, of Southboro', and had Harriot, b. July 27, 1801, ra. Joseph Bigelow; Wealthy C, b. July 20, 1803, ra. Marshall Jones ; George, b. , resides in Bos ton ; Francis, b. , is living with his 4tli wife. THE SAWYER FAMILY. The Sawyers of Marl, probably came from Lancaster, where Thomas Sawyer was found, 1647, and had, according to Farmer, by his wife Mary, Thomas, Ephraim, Joshua, James, Caleb, JVathaniel, and several daughters. Thomas Sawyer, of Lancaster, ra. Mary . 1- 2 f jfViomas, h. ; m. Hannah . 3 f James, b. ; m. Mary . 1-2- 2- 4 1-3- 3- 6 79 Thomas Sawyer m. Hannah Hannah, b. May 23, 1675. 5 WiUiam, b. Feb. 1679. James Sawyer m. Mary . She d. March 20, 1709. He was one of the proprietors of the Ockoocangansett Plantation in 1693. '[Ephraim, b. Dec. 1678 ; ra. July 4, 1700, Elizabeth George. James, b. July 12, 1686. 8 Mary, b. Sept. 17, 1696- Benjamin, b. Feb. 11, 1698. 57 444 3-6- 1 1- 2 3- 3 3- 4 4- 5 67 89 10 4-6- 6-11 121416 1-2 3 4 57 Ephraim Sawyer m. July 4, 1700, Elizabeth George, and had Joshua, b. Jan. 19, 1703 ; Mary, b. Dec. 13, 1704; Jacob, b. Dec. 14, 1706; James, b. AprU 14, 1707. SEAVER.— Heman Seaver, long a "School Master" in Marl., m. 1794, EUzabeth Weeks, and had ^aron W., b. 1797 ; JVorman, b. 1803. He raoved to Canada, was there during the war of 1818, afterwards returned to Marl. ; m. 1816, Sarah C. Rice, by whom he had several children. He d. Dec. 19, 1835. THE SHATTUCK FAMILY. William Shattuck of Watertown, b. in England, 1621, m. about 1643, and by his wife Susanna, had several children. John, b. Feb. II, 1647 ; ra. June 20, 1664, Ruth Whitney. William, b. Sept. II, 1670; m. in Watertown, March 19, 1688, Han nah Underwood, and settled in Groton ; and m. 3d, Deliverance Pease. He had among other children. John Shattuck, b. in Groton, 1696 ; m. Dec. 34, 1716, SUence Allen. She d. and he ra. Mrs. Mary Newton, of Southboro'. He settled first in Shrewsbury, but exchanged places with John Bigelow in 1733, carae to Marl, and settled on " the Farra." Abigail, b. Oct 27, 1717. fJoftn, b. Feb. 7, 1722 ; m. Nov. 37, 1744, Abigail Morse. Thomas, b. March 3, 1724 ; m. Elizabeth Parminter. Samuel, b. May 22, 1726. Ephraim, b. April 8, 1728 ; m. Elizabeth Johnson. SUas, b. Aug. 21, 1738 ; m. Sarah Jackson. John Shattuck m. Nov. 37, 1744, AbigaU Morse. Joseph, b. March 5, 1745 ; m. May 35, 1770, AbigaU Fairbanks. Lucy, b. April 13, 1747. 13 Thaddeus, b. June 19, 1752. Susanna, b. May 2, 1755. 15 John, b. Aug. 23, 1758. Anna, b. Oct. 30, 1760. 17 Chloe, b. Nov. 16, 1764. THE SHERMAN FAMILY. Capt. John Sherman, b. in Dedham, Essex Co., England, 1613, came to America, 1634, and settled in Watertown. He was admitted freeman. May 17, 1637 ; was selectman many times from 1637 to 1680 ; town clerk, 1648, and often afterwards ; representative, 1651, '53 and '63. He ra. Martha Porter, dau. of Roger and Grace Porter, and d. Jan. 25, 1691. She d. Feb. 7, 1701. John, b. Nov. 2, 1638 ; was kUled in the Narragansett war. Martha, b. Feb. 31, 1641 ; m. Sept. 36, 1661, Francis Bowman. Mary, b. March 35, 1643 ; m. Jan. 18, 1667, Timothy Hawkins. Sarah, b. Jan. 17, 1648 ; d. 1667. 6 Elizabeth, b. March 15, 1649. tJose^i, h. May 14, 1650. 8 Grace, b. Dec. 20, 1653 ; d. unm. 445 1-7- 7- 9 10 II 13 15 1617 19 7-9- 9-20 31332324252627 9-27- 27-28 293031323334 353637 27-30- 30-38 27-31- 31-40 43 27-37- Joseph Sherman m. in Wat Nov. 18, 1673, Elizabeth Winship, dau. of Lieut. Edward Winship, of Cambridge. He was representa tive, 1703, '3, '4, '5 ; often a selectman and assessor. fJoftn, b. Jan. 11, 1675; m. Mary . Edward, b. Sept. 3, 1677; m. Oct. 16, 1700, Sarah Parkhurst. Joseph, b. Feb. 8, 1680. 12 Samuel, b. Nov. 28, 1682. Jonathan, b. Feb. 34, 1684. 14 Ephraim, b. March 16, 1685. Elizabeth, b. July 15, 1687. Martha, b. Sept. 1, 1689; ra. Rev. Benjamin Shattuck. William, b. June 38, 1693. 18 Sarah, b. June 2, 1694. JVathaniel, b. Sept. 19, 1696 ; m. 1726, Mary Livermore. John Sherman m. about 1698, Mary . He was in Marl, about the beginning of the century, and in 1711 was assigned to Joseph Morse's garrison ; d. Nov. II, 1756. Mary, b. Aug. 16, 1699. Joseph, b. March 25, 1703 ; m. Sarah Perrum ; lived in Shrews. John, b. Dec. 31, 1705 ; d. April 15, 1711. Grace, b. Sept. 13, 1707; ra. 1741, Thoraas Carr, of Sudbury. Ephraim, b. March 31, 1710 ; settled in Grafton ; m. Thankful Temple. John, b. Feb. 17, 1713. Elizabeth, b. Oct 15, ; m. 1736, Thomas Axtell, of Grafton. ^Samuel, b. May 12, 1718; m. Lydia . Samuel Sherman ra. Lydia . She d. Aug. 1, 1756, and he m. about 1759, Hepzibah . He d. April 20, 1784. Samuel, b. Oct. 25, 1743 ; ra. 1764, Lucy Fay. Jason, b. Sept. 13, 1745. f Abner, b. May 6, 1748; m. Aug. 21, 1769, AbigaU Maynard. {isaac, b. March 25, 1751 ; ra. May 7, 1776, Hannah Parker, who d. 1777. Jeduthan, b. July 15, 1753. Hepzibah, b. May 10, 1760 ; m. March 4, 1779, Joseph Wait Moses, b. June 38, 1761 ; m. Jan. 11, 1787, Levina Howe, dau. of Thaddeus. He d. June 28, 1833, aged 72. She d. July 17, 1851, aged 84. Daniel, b. Jan. 24, 1763 ; ra. Mar. 29, 1785, Anna Knight, and d. 1786. Solomon, b. Adg. 25, 1764. \Micah, b. Sept. 19, 1766 ; m. 1st, Susanna D. Frost, and 2d, Lydia CogsweU. Abner Sherman m. Aug. 21, 1769, Abigail Maynard. Abner, b. Dec. 27, 1769. 39 JVabby, b. Nov. 20, 1771. Isaac Sherman m. May 7, 1776, Hannah Parker, who d. 1777, aged 32, and he m. Hannah Fairbanks. Hannah, b. Oct. 2, 1778. William, b. March 20, I7£ 41 John, b. AprU 29, 1780. MicAH Sherman ra. Susanna D. Frost She d. Jan. 16, 1811, and he m. June 23, 1813, Lydia CogsweU. He d. Dec. 8, 1816; and she m. 1833, Col. Joseph Davis, of Northborough. Micah Sherman was a prominent citizen, and was a justice of the peace. 446 37-43 454748 1-4- - 7 9 10 11 1-5- 5- 8 10 Susanna F., b. Aug. 27, 1800. Almira L., b. Dec. 14, 1803. J5ana, b. July 5, 1807. Charlotte Ann, b. March 15, 1809. 44 Jane D., b. April 7, 1803. 46 Sidney, b. July 23, 1805. THE SMITH FAMILY. To undertake to classify the Smiths of Marl., or almost any other town, would be a hopeless task; and though you raight find John Smith in any place, the idea of proving his identity would never enter into the head of any experienced genealogist. I will, however, bring thera into groups as well as I may, without the atterapt to trace their origin or descent. Nathaniel Smith ra. Keziah • He d. March 20, 1782. Damaris, b. Aug. 1, 1751 ; m. Jan. 11, 1774, David Clough. Kate, b. Jan. 20, 1753; ra. 1774, Jeduthan Alexander. ]Jonas, b. Dec. 30, 1754 ; m. June 26, 1777, Susanna Brown. Pattee, b. Jan. 16, 1757 ; m. 1780, Samuel Howe. Eunice, b. AprU 30, 1762 ; ra. 1785, WUliam SmUh. Jonas Smith m. June 26, 1777, Susanna Brown, of Stow. Susanna, b. Nov. 22, 1778. 8 Samuel, b. AprU 9, 1782. Betsey, b. March 24, 1785 ; m. March 18, 1804, Ezekiel Bruce. Sophia, b. Jan. 28, 1796 ; ra. I8I3, Peter Whitcomb. Martin, b. March 14, 1799. 12 JVabby, b. June 18, I80I. John Smith, b. Feb. 19, 1729 ; m. Feb. 19, 1764, Rebecca Bruce, b. May 8, 1732. WUliam, b. May 20, 1764 ; m. 1785, Eunice Smith. Many, b. March 17, 1766 ; m. July 23, 1788, Jacob Jewell. Jeduthan, b. March 3, 1768; m. May 18, 1793, Christian Barnes. \Calvin, b. May 1, 1770 ; m. Dec. 29, 1803, Ruth H. Maynard. '[David, b. May 17, 1772; m. Sept. 18, 1797, Abigail Bruce. Gideon, b. Aug. 16, 1774 ; d. Jan. 14, 1812. Calvin Smith ra. Dec. 29, 1803, Ruth H. Maynard. CoZwn, b. Aug. 3, 1804. Caroline, b. Sept. 7, 1807. 9 Rebecca, b. Jan. 30, 1806. II Susanna, b. April 25, 1809. David Smith ra. Sept. 18, 1797, Abigail Bruce, and had Martin, b. Jan. 7, 1799 ; David, b. Aug. 5, I80I ; Oliver, b. Oct 3, 1803. There were other Smitlis in town, the classification of whom is irapossible from the Records. Rev. Aaron Smith, by his wife Martha, had Martha, b. Aug. 22, 1746, and Anne, b. same day (twins.) Jonathan Smith m. Jan. 18, 1724, Sarah Jewell, of Stow, and had Ralph, b. Oct 17, 1724, and Merodackbaladin, b. March 20, 1728 ; and having, it is presumed, exhausted their ingenuity for names, have given us no further record. 447 John Smitit, by wife Experience, had Abraham, b. April 13, 1722, and Lucy, b. Dec. 3, 1729. Nathan Smith, by wife Susanna, had Lydia, b. Sept. 2, 1763, ra. 1780, Abijah Hemenway; JVathan, b. Dec. 3, 1705. SNOW. — Ebenezer Snow m. Oct. II, 1727, Experience Joslin, and had Lucy, b. Aug. 27, 1728 ; Ebenezer, b. 1730, d. young ; Eben ezer, b. May 19, 1732. John Snow, by wife AbigaU, had John, b. Nov. 25, 1729. SOUTHER. — MosES Souther m. Lucy Barnes, and had Moses, b. Oct. 12, 1780; Joseph Jackson, b. April 16, 1788; Aaron, b. Jan. 25, 1789. STANLY. — Micah Stanly, by wife Parthiaus, had Relief, b. July 30, 1763. THE STEVENS FAMILY. Col. Thomas Stevens, of Devonshire, England, moved to London, and was the father of WUliara and other children. William Stevens m. and had six chUdren ; three sons, and three dau., four of whom came to America. \Thomas, b. in London, and d. in Stow. {Cyprian, b. in London ; ra. Mary WiUard. {Aichard, b. in London. Mary, b. in London ; ra. in Ipswich, Capt. Whipple. Thomas Stevens came to New England with Capt Green, about 1660, and took up his abode in Charlestown. He was an iron monger, and a blacksmith, and had a grant of land from Sudbury, on condition that he slwuld do their smith work for them. He afterwards moved frora Sudbury to Stow, where he had a family of children, and where he died. Cyprian Stevens came to this country in company with his brother, Thomas, about 1660. He ra. June 22, 1671, Mary, dau. of Maj. Simon WUIard, of Lancaster, where he resided and had a family of chUdren, some of whom afterwards came to Mariboro'. Mary, b. Nov. 33, 1773; ra. Samuel Wright, Esq., of Sudbury. Dorothy, b. . f Simon, b. ; m. 1st, 1701, Mary WUder, and 3d, Mrs. Mary Martin. Phinehas, b. . Elizabeth, b. ; m. Capt Ephraim Wilder, of Lancaster. Richard Stevens m. in England, and came to America later than his brothers, and probably settled in Ipswich, where his sister, Mary, resided. He buried his wife and one daughter there, when, it is said, he returned to England, leaving his son Samuel in this country. jSamuel, b. 1681 ; m. March 39, 1710, Thankful Stow, of Marlboro'. 448 4-9- 9-13 14 15 5-12- T2- 16 171819 2021 22 23 12-19- 19-24 252627 28 29 Simon Stevens m. Ist, 1701 , Mary WUder, of Lancaster, who d, and he m. 3d, Mrs. Mary (Gove) Martin, wid. of Thomas Martin; she d. March 31, 1775, aged 85 years and 3 months. An anecdote of some interest is told of the ancestry of his second wife, not improbable in itself, and as far as the records touch upon the subject, they rather confirm it The tradition is, that sometirae during the 17th century, as a vessel was leaving England for this country, two young women went on board to take leave of their friends, and were invited to take sorae cake and wine ; and before they were aware of it, the vessel was on its way to New England. One of these young women, Mary Holmes, m. a Mr. Gove. Their dau. Mary, m. Jan. 30, 1710, Thomas Martin. After the death of her husband in 1729, Mary (Gove) Martin m. Simon Stevens, and hence the name Gove, has been retained in that branch of the Stevens famUy. Simon Stevens was in Marl, at the time of his m., (1701,) and had several children b. in the place ; he afterwards moved to Plainfield, Ct, where he may have d. His wid. returned, and spent her last days in Marlborough. The record of the family is very imperfect Cyprian, bap. in Marl. Oct. 14, 1705. J[iary, bap. in Mari. Oct. 14, 1705. Lucy, by 3d wife, b. Nov. 8, 1733; m. June 16, 1756, Joel Barnard, Samuel Stevens m. March 29, 1710, Thankful Stow, dau. of Samuel and Elizabeth, of Marl. She was born Oct. 8, 1687, and d, July 13, 1763, aged 76. He d. Dec. 6, 1761. They united with Rev. Mr. Breck's church, March 4, 1720 ; subsequently he was elect ed one of the deacons. He was a prominent citizen in the town. The exact date of his coming into the place cannot be fixed. The first mention of him, that I have been able to find, is in 1708, when he exchanged lands with David Church. Dea. Stevens's will, dated Oct. 27, 1753, and proved Jan. 4, 1762, mentions wife Thankful, son Samuel, and dau. Sarah Hemenway, Mary Haywood, Elizabeth Bailey, Anna Woods, and Thankful. He resided on the place where Capt. Aaron Stevens now resides. Elizabeth, b. March 3, 1712; d. March 11, 1712. Sarah, b. Sept. 27, 1713 ; m. Hemenway. Mary, b. May 18, 1716 ; m. June 3, 1739, Samuel Haywood, Acton. \Samuel, b. July 28, 1718 ; m. June 23, 1743, Lucy Barnes. Elizabeth, b. May 22, 1721 ; m. July 21, 1748, Barnabas BaUey. ^nno, b. Jan. 9, 1734 ; m. Nov. 5, 1747, James Woods. Benjamin, b. June 39, 1726; d. Dec. 29, 1751. Thankful, b. Aug. 18, 1728 ; ra. Feb. 1, 1759, Francis Weeks ? Samuel Stevens m. June 23, 1743, Lucy Barnes, h. Jan. 2, 1726, dau. of Daniel and Zeruiah (Eager) Barnes. She d. Nov. 23, 1783, aged 57, and he d. 1789, aged 71. Jonas, b. Nov. 17, 1743; d. Feb. 15, 1820, unra. \Daniel, b. May 7, 1746 ; he was thrice married. {Francis, b. Feb. 8, 1749 ; m. Feb. 20, 1776, EUzabeth Brigham, and d. 1829. Lucy, b. Jan. 21, 1753 ; m. Dec. 27, 1770, Thaddeus Warren. Benjamin, b. Feb. 18, 1755 ; m. April 25, 1780, Lucy Brigham, and d. 1837. Lydia, b. May 8, 1758; ra. Feb. 18, 1779, Jonathan Brigham; they raoved to western New York, and settied in the Genesee country. 449 19-25- 25-30 31 32333435 3637 3839 19-26- 26-40 41 Daniel Stevens m. Ist, March 14, 1770, Comfort Brigham, dau. of Joseph and Comfort Brighara. She d.May 19, 1771, and he ra. 2d, June 2, 1772, Lydia Brighara. She d. Dec. 28, 1782, and he m. 3d, May 13, 1783, Lavinia Barnard, dau. of Joel and Lucy (Stevens) Barnard. He d. suddenly, Nov. 7, 1810, aged 64. She d. Dec. 19, 1855, aged 94 years and 6 months. He marched to Cambridge at the " Lexington Alarm," in 1775. Samuel, b. Feb. 21, 1771 ; d. Aug. 29, 1775. Samuel, b. Oct 29, 1776; d. Jan. 16, 1791. Lydia, b. May 18, 1778; ra. 1795, Seth Rice, and d. April 11, 1842. Edivard, b. March 10, 1781 ; d. Aug. I, 1782. Lucy, b. Oct. 18, 1784 ; ra. April 5, 1814, John Kendall, and d. June 30, 1854. Betsey, b. Sept. 11, 1786 ; m. Oct 3, 1811, Jabez Rice, and d. Dec. 31, 1845. Sophia, b. Sept 14, 1788 ; m. June 7, 1814, Sarauel Haywood, Acton. Sally, b. July 2, 1791 ; m. Dec. 4, I8I7, Elijah Hale. Col. Hale was for a number of years in trade with Cranston & Pelton, at Felton ville ; and, like thera, contributed to the growth and prosperity of the place. He was also associated with Joel Cranston, Esq., in building up the raanufacturing village of Rock Bottom, in Stow. In 1825 he reraoved to Stow, where he has been one of their prominent men in the town and church. He rose to the rank of Col. in the militia, has been many years a, magistrate, and has represented the town in the General Court. Mary, b. July 14, 1793; m. Dec. II, 1814, WUliam Trowbridge, and d. Feb. I, 1826. Abigail, b. Sept. 7, 1795 ; m. Oct 9, 1822, John M. Hartwell, of Lit tleton. Francis Stevens ra. Feb. 20, 1776, Elizabeth Brigham, dau. of Asa Brighara. She d. June 3, 1827, aged 72. He d. 1829, aged 80. Jo7m, b. Jan. 12, 1777; m. AprU 10, 1803, Mary Brigham, dau. of Capt Daniel Brigham. Capt John Stevens had Eliza B., b. Sept 10, 180.3, m. 1825, Sidney Brigham; Mary Ann, b. Oct 24, 1805, ra. 1829, Curtis Brighara ; Adeline, b. Jan. 12, 1808, d. 1836, unm. ; Harriet, b. Dec. 25, 1809; John W., b. Feb. 5, I8I2; Charlotte, b. AprU 19, 1814, m. 1835, Dennis P. Witherbee; Almira, b. May 26, I8I8. He d. Feb. 3, 1822, aged 45. Aaron, b. Jan. 26, 1779; m. May 19, 1806, Mary Gates, dau. of Capt. William Gates. Like his brother John, he bore the appellation of Capt, and like him was a prominent citizen. He is stUl (1861) living. He had WiUiam F., b. AprU 22, 1807, m. 1831, Hannah H. Clark; Lyman GUI and Loriman Gates, (twins,) b. April 14, 1811. There were other Stevenses in Marlborough, more or less remotely connected with this family. Nathaniel Stevens, of Lancaster, probably a grand-son of Cyprian, m. Mary Martin, dau. of Thomas and Mary (Gove) Martin. He had in Mari. Lucy, b. Oct. 1, 1745 ; and JVathaniel Gove, b. AprU 7, 17.52, m. 1774, Lois Stow. Daniel Stevens, Jr., connected with the Bent famUy, ra. July 20, 1797, Eunice E. Robinson, of Concord. He was a man remarkable for his size, weighing over 300. He represented the town several years in the Legislature, and held a commission of justice of the peace. She d. Feb. 20, 1844, aged 69. 450 1- 2 34 1- 2 3 4 1-3- 3- 56 7 89 10 11 12 13 3-11- Isaac T., b. Jan. 3, 1798; m. Oct 17, 1817, Catharine Felton. They had a family of thirteen children, seven sons and six dau. Their oldest son, Daniel Waldo, grad. H. C. 1846, read theology, and is settled at Mansfield. Ann Bent, b. Sept. 16, 1799 ; m. Sept. 10, 1820, Issachar Dickerman, and had eleven children. Eunice C, b. June 24, 1801 ; d. unm. May 26, 1836. THE STEWART FAMILY. Alexander Stewart was in Marl, as early as 1689. His wife's name was Deborah. She d. April 22, 1720, aged 68. He d. April 6, 1731. Mary, b. Feb. 13, 1689. '[Daniel, b. Feb. 6, 1691 ; ra. Dec. 12, 1718, Persis Witt. Alexander, b. Jan. 15, 1696. Daniel Stewart m. 1718, Persis Witt. John, b. May 4, 1721 ; d. Aug. 20, 1740. Daniel, b. Oct. 14, 1732. Mary, b. Oct. 16, 1724 ; ra. Edraund Parminter. Deborah, b. Feb 18, 1727; m. Feb. 24, 1748, Isaiah Witt. Persis, b. March 23, 1729; d. Aug. 25, 1736. Antipas, b. Dec. 28, 1733 ; grad. H. C. 1760 ; was a minister, and d. 1814. '[Rediat, b. April 12, 1736 ; m. Lucy Adams. Ebenezer, b. Aug. 2'2, 1738; d. Aug. 1, 1740. Persis, b. June 19, 1743 ; ra. May 15, 1766, Jabez Ayres. Rediat Stewart m. 1764, Lucy Adams, and had Benjamin, b. Aug. 37, 1766 ; Persis, b. AprU 4, 1768 ; SUas, b. March 6, 1770. STONE. — Simeon Stone, by wife Hannah, had Hannah, b. Jan. 15, 1746. l-'2- THE STOW FAMILY. John Stow, with his wife Elizabeth and six chUdren, came to New England in one of Winthrop's companies, and settled in Roxbury. He arrived here the 7th of the third month, 1634. He was made freeman, 1634, member of the Ancient and Honorable ArtUlery Com pany, 1638, and Representative, 1639. He was probably the father of Thomas, of Concord and of Middletown, Ct. Elizabeth, wife of John, d. 1638. Stow was a very ancient name in England, particu larly in Middlesex and Lincolnshire. ^[Thomas, b. in Eng. 3 Elizabeth, b, in Eng. John, b. in Eng. 5 JVatlmniel, b. in Eng. Samuel, b. in Eng. ; grad. at H. C, 1645; was a clergyman in Middle- town, Ct ; d. 1704. Thankful, b. in Eng. Thomas Stow was in Concord before 1640, where he had a family of at least three sons, Samuel, Thomas and Nathaniel. He and his 451 brother Nathaniel owned 600 acres of land between Fairhaven Pond and Sudbury line. Thoraas sold his right in 1660 to Thomas Gobble and David Dean— he having previously moved to Connecticut. He probably left Concord about 1650, and moved to Middletown, then a part of Hartford. He had at least three sons, and probably dau. ^Samuel, b. 1645 ; he returned and settled in Marlborough. JVatlmniel, b. . Thomas, b. 1650 ; settled in Middletown, Ct. Samuel Stow was in Marlborough before 1684, at which time he bought of Waban and Jaraes Atchuit, two Indians of Natick, for £6 — £3 in raoney and £3 in corn- twenty acres of land in Marl. He was also one of the proprietors of Ockoocangansett plantation, purchased of the Indians. He became a prominent raan in the propriety and in the town. He served in Philip's war, and probably came to town soon after the peace, as his narae appears on a petition for the plantation in 1677. He m. Elizabeth . He d. Feb. 9, 1731, aged 76; she d. June 17, 1737. They were the ancestors of the Stows of Marl., which have been somewhat numerous, and have continued in town to the present day. iSamuel, b. May 2, 1680 ; m. Dec. 19, 1704, Sarah Snow. {Thomas, b. Dec. 37, 1683; ra. Jan. 30, 1713, Hannah Johnson. Mary, b. July 18, 1685 ; m. June 13, 1706, Jonathan Morse. Tlmnkful, b. Oct. 8, 1687 ; m. March '29, 1710, Samuel Stevens. Rachel, b. Feb. 21. 1690 ; m. Dec. 14, 1715, Luke Rice. '[John, b. March 30, 1696; m. April 25, 1722, Elizabeth Brigham. Samuel Stow ra. Dec. 19, 1704, Sarah Snow. She d. Feb. 20, 1762 ; he d. Feb. 13, 1768, aged 88. They lived together as husband and wife 58 years. Abner, b. Nov. 29, 1705. 18 Jonathan, b. Oct. 9, 1708. Thankful, b. April .30, I7I1 ; ra. Jan. 23, 1736, Nahum Newton. Solomon, b. Oct 10, 1714. Sarah, b. March 22, 1717 ; m. June 26, 1744, John Minot, of Concord. Mary, b. Aug. II, 1719 ; d. March 30, 1737, unm. '[Simon, b. March 19, 1722 ; ra. June 9, 1746, Sarah Hayden. Thomas Stow m. Jan. 20, 1713, Hannah Johnson, dau. of WUliam and Hannah. She d. June 15, 1789. He d. Aug. 28, 1765. His will, proved Oct. 8, 1765, mentions sons Benjamin, Thoraas, Samuel, Stephen, and David, and Experience Newton, deceased; also son Josiah, who is required to provide for the support of his mother, Hannah. The provision for the wid. is so imraediately connected with the mode of living at that day, that I will give a few of the items. This enumeration will apply substantially to other cases at that period : " 9 bushels' of corn, 3 of rye, 2 of malt, 120 pounds of pork, 80 pounds of beef, 2 barrels of cider, 20 pounds of mutton, I bushel of salt, 2 gaUons of rum, 4 gallons of molasses, 6 pounds of sugar, annually, together with the income of 2 cows, apples, sauce, and a horse and tackling to ride to meeting, &c." Comfort, b. July 16, 1716 ; d. 1716. ^ ,^^^ Thomas, b. Sept 8, 1717 ; d. 1717. 36 Benjamin, b. Aug. 35, I7I8. David, b. Oct. 14, 1719 ; d. young. \Thomas, b. Oct 15, 1730 ; m. June 3, 1753, Elizabeth Newton. Charles, b. Dec. 31,. 1721 ; d. young. 58 452 303132 33 34 353637 39 8-16- 16-40 414243 444546 47 48 49 11-23- 23-50 51 53535455 5657 58 59 12-28- 28-60 6162 12-30- 30-63 ^Samuel, b. Dec. 26, 1723 ; m. April 28, 1748, Rebecca Howe. ^Stephen, b. Dec. 15, 1724 ; m. May 33, 1753, AbigaU Smith. Josiah, b. Dec. 8, 1725; d. young. Hannah, b. Dec. 9, 1726 ; d. young. Experience, b. Feb. 24, 1727 ; ra. Newton. David, b. April 29, 1729. jJosiah, b. July 5, 1730 ; m. 1760, Ruth Howe. Hannah, b. Sept 8, 1731. 38 Sa6e//a, b. Sept 4, 1732 ; d. 1752. SUas, b. Oct. 20, 1734. John Stow m. April 25, 1722, Elizabeth Brigham, dau. of Nathan and Elizabeth. She d. Oct 11, 1757 ; and he d. July 3, 1761, aged 65. His will, proved July, 1761, mentions sons Manasseh and John, and dau. Elizabeth Eager, Hannah Ward, Mary Howe, Keziah Morse, Abigail Hager, and Sarah Hager. Manasseh was mentioned as of Southborough. , Elizabeth, b. July 17, 1733 ; m. May 20, 1753, John Eager, and d. 1801. Manasseh, b. Nov. 8, 1734 ; ra. Nov. 17, 1747, Dinah Morse. He d. 1776: r. South. Hannah, b. July 14, 1726 ; ra. Nov. 26, 1745, Beriah Ward. Miriam, b. Jan. 7, 1729 ; d. July 7, 1741. Mary, b. Sept. 2, 1730 ; m. June 9, 1752, Asa Howe, of Petersham. Keziah, b. Sept 8, 1732 ; m. Nov. 27, 1755, Abner Morse, and d. \»iS. Abigail, b. Aug. 7, 1734 ; m. Dec. 26, 1753, Ebenezer Hager, and d. 1823. Ephraim, b. March 30, 1736 ; d. Oct 19, 1752. Sarah, b. April 4, 1738 ; m. Feb. 12, 1761, WiUiam Hager, and d. Dec. 17, 1804. \John, b. Nov. 17, 1740; m. June 4, 1766, Grace Newton. Simon Stow ra. June 9, 1746, Sarah Hayden. She d. Dec. 22, 1794, and he d. Dec. 16, l795, aged 73. He was elected deacon of the church, 1770. Lois, b. March 8, 1747 ; d. the same year. Hiram, b. March 6, 1748 ; he left Marlborough. \Heman, b. Jan. 10, 1750 ; ra. Abigail Brown, of Sudbury. Lois, b. Jan. 29, 1752 ; ra. Nov. 10, 1774, Nathaniel Gove Stevens. Lucy, b. Nov. 15, 1753; d. unra. Sept 13, 1841, aged 89. \ (Quartus, b. Aug. 26, 1755 ; ra. AprU 4, 1782, Hannah Ray. Joqb, b. Jan. 14, 1758. He left town, and d. in New York. Levina, b. July 24, 1760 ; ra. July 17, 1775, Stephen Felton. Abel, b. May 10, 1762 ; d. 1762. Sarah, b. Dec. 22, 1765 ; ra. Dec. 21, 1786, John Whitman. Thomas Stow m. EUzabeth Newton. He d. Jan. II, 1810, aged 90. '[Ephraim, b. Nov. 2, 1752; ra. March 30, 1780, Sarah Baker. Dorothy, b. Aug. 13, 1754 ; m. AprU 18, 1776, John Temple. \Abralmm, b. Jan. 10, 1756 ; m. Dec. 5, 1782, Elizabeth Hager. Samuel Stow ra. AprU 28, 1748, Rebecca Howe. He was elected deacon of the church, 1770, and d. Jan. 12, 1813, at the advanced age of 90 years. She d. Oct. 8, 1818, aged 91 years. They lived hus band and wife, 65 years. Anna, b. Jan. 8, 1749; m. April I, 1766, Joseph WUliams. 453 12-31- 31-64 12-36- 36-66 6768 69 70 16-49- 49-71 727374 23-52- 52-75 76 77 78 79 8081 82 83 23-55- 55-84 28-60- 28-62- Stephen Stow m. May 23, 1753, AbigaU Sraith. of their first two chUdren, they removed from town. After the birth Lydia, b. March 24, 1754. 65 Silas, b. April 26, 1756. Josiah Stow ra. Feb. 19, 1760, Ruth Howe, dau. of Peter and Grace Howe. He d. March 28, I8I8, aged 87 ; and she d. Nov. 18, 1810, aged 76. They lived husband and wife, half a century. Experience, b. March 19, 1761 ; m. AprU 17, 1781, John Gleason. Rachel, b. Dec. 22, 1762; m. Jan. 19, 1789, Joshua BaUey. Persis, b. July 22, 1765; m. Dec. 11, 1792, Silas Brigham, of South. Joel, b. Nov. 19, 1766; ra. Feb. 14, 1806, Elizabeth Barnes. \Jabez, b. March II, 1769; m. Dec. II, 1792, Sarah Barnes. John Stow ra. June 4, 1766, Grace Newton, dau. of Micah and Mary Newton. He d. Feb, 18, 1828, aged 88 ; and she d. May 26, 1824, aged 78. They lived in the marriage state 58 years. Elizabeth, b. Sept. 12, 1767; m. Sept. 27, 1785, William Howe. William, b. March '23, 1773; m. March 31, 1796, Phebe Morse. Mary, b. May 27, 1780; ra. March 11, 1804, Daniel WUUams. She is still living. Sarah, b. Feb. 16, 1783 ; m. May 19, 1802, Solomon Howe. They moved to Berlin, where they spent their days. Heman Stow m. 1771, Abigail Brown, of Sudbury. He d. Jan. 2.5, 1829, aged 79. She d. Nov. 29, 1830, at Northboro', aged 77. The town Books contain no record of the birth of his children. From imperfect private records, I have collected the following; though I may not have arranged the children in the order of their birth. Elizabeth, b. ; d. Oct 10, 1772. Lydia, b. Oct 7, 1772; ra. 1794, Levi Maynard. Jliartin, b. Oct. 13, 1773. He was killed by falling from the scaffold in the barn, 1783. Lucinda, b. ; m. Dec. 17, 1801, WUliara Morse. Levina, b. ; d. June 11, 1803, aged 16 years. William Brown, b. ; grad. at WiU. CoU., 1811; read theology, and was settied at WUmington, Vt ; m. Lucy Moore ; d. 1854, set. 74. Beulah, b. ; m. 1811, WUliam Brown. Martin Lutlver, b. ; grad. at WUl. CoU., I8I3; read law, and went into practice, first at Mari., and then at Northboro' ; he m. Eliz abeth Brigham, dau. of Joseph Brigham ; d. 1843, set. 48. AbigaU, b. July 6, 1791. Quartus Stow m. AprU 4, 1782, Hannah Ray. He d. June 20, 1798. He was in service several campaigns in the Revolutionary war. There is no record of his children on the books. He had several ; one d. 1795. Many, b. Sept 33. 1786; ra. Aug. 18, 1803, Ephraira Maynard. Ephraim Stow m. March 30, 1780, Sarah Baker, and had Jo7m, b. July 3, 1780. Abraham Stow ra. Dec. 5, 1782, Elizabeth Hager, dau. of Ebene zer and AbigaU. She d. Aug. 6, 1827, aged 69; and he m. 1828, Wid. Lydia Maynard ; he d. Jan. 2, 1832, aged 76. 454 62-85 8788 89 90 919293 36-70- 70-94 95 96 49-72- 72-97 98 99 100 I- 2 2- 3 3- 4507 3-7- 7- 8 9 10 II 12 13 Two children, b. Feb. 11, 1784; d. the same week. A child, b. Nov. 6, 1785 ; d. March 25, 1786. Cate, b. May 27, 1787 ; d. unm. Rufus, b.July 30, 1789; ra. Dec. 9, 1813, Thankful Brigham, and had William Bradford, b. March 14, 1828, and nine daughters. Jerre, b. AprU 28, 1791; ra. Feb. 4, I8I3, Levinah Howe, and had Emerson, b. 1815 ; Ebenezer V., b. 1817 ; and three daughters. Aaron, b. Feb. 18, 1793; ra. May 18, 1724, Diana Howe, and had Lydia C. ; Edwnrd M., and Abraham H., and d. June 6, 1836. Elizabeth, b. Sept 6, 1795 ; d. unra. Phebe, b. Dec. 6, 1797 ; d. unra. Jabez Stow m. Dec. II, 1793, Sarah Barnes, dau. of Moses and Sarah. Rachel, b. May 18, 1794 ; ra. 1818, John Burnham, of Bolton. Patty, b. ; m. 1834, Phinehas Welch, Bolton. Josiah, b. ; d. a young man, unm. William Stow m. March 31, 1796, Phebe Morse. He d. April 11, 1808 ; and she m. Dec. 15, 1813, Rev. Dr. Puffer, of Beriin, and d. Jan. 12, 1856. Truman, b. Oct. 7. 1796; m. 1815, Hannah Manson. South, and d. at Jacksonport, Arkansas, Dec. 2'2, 1857. Eugenia, b. May 29, 1801 ; m. Rev. Lyman Gilbert Freeman, b. May 19, 1805 ; d. at Newton, Feb. 26, 1854. WUliam, b. Feb. 8, 1808. He resides at Louisville, Ky. He moved THE STRATTON FAMILY. Samuel Stratton b. in England, 1592 ; m. in Boston, Aug. 28, 1657, wid. Margaret Parker. He resided in Watertown, and d. Dec. 19, 1672. John Stratton, son of Samuel, was admitted freeman. May 27, 1663 ; he m. March 10, 1659, Elizabeth Traine, who d. May 7, 1708. They had 9 children. Joseph Stratton b. Jan. 13, 1666; ra. Nov. 14, 1695, Sarah Howe, dau. of Abraham and Hannah (Ward.) She d. his wid., Oct 1, 1746. In 1711, he was assigned to Nathan Brigham's garrison, together with Henry Bartlett, and Alex. Stewart. Joseph, b. Oct. 15, 1696 ; d. 1774. Sarah, b. Nov. 30, 1700 ; m. Jan. 35, 1730, Thomas Brigham. Elizabeth, b. Sept. 13, 1710; m. April 12, 17,33, Abraham Temple. f Jonathan, b. Dec. 28, 1714 ; m. 1742, Betty Brigham. Jonathan Stratton m. Feb. 33, 1743, Betty Brigham. He d. Aug. 10, 1758. f Jonathan, b. Sept. 39, 1742 ; m. Sept. 10, 1765, AbigaU Barnes. Betty, b. AprU II, 1744; ra. Sept 4, 1764, William Brigham. Sarah, b. March 20, 1746; ra. Nov. 14, 1769, Daniel Barnes. Samuel, b. Dec. .30, 1748. Lucy, b. Dec. 4, 1750 ; d. AprU 1, 1771, unm. Aaron, b. Sept. 6, 1753; d. Oct 19, 1753. 455 7-8- 8-14 15 171819 20 21'23 -18- 1- 23 l-'2- 2- 5 67 8 10 1-4- 4-12 14 1- 23468 9 II12 Jonathan Stratton m. Sept 10, 1765, AbigaU Barnes, dau. of Jonathan and Rachel Barnes. She d. his wid. Dec. 30, 1794. June 11, 1771. 16 Abigail, b. Nov. 27, 1771. AbigaU, b. Sept. 22, 1766 Jonatlmn, b. Feb. 8, 1769. Aaron, b. Nov. 16, 1773. '[Moses, b. Nov. 16, 1775 ; m. 1794, Elizabeth Hervey. Salty, b. Nov. 7, 1777 ; ra. ? Dec. 29, 1793, Moses Eager. Samuel, b. Nov. 9, 1779 ; d. young. Samuel, b, Sept. 6, 1781. 22 Lydia, b. AprU 20, 1785, Anna, b. Aug. 27, 1787. 24 Phebe, b. Feb. 27, 1790. Moses Stratton ra. 1794, EUzabeth Hervey, and had Lambert, b. Feb. 8, 1795; Betsey, b. AprU 12, 1798; Lucy, b. May 13, I80I; Ly man, b. Aug. 9, 1803 ; George Washington, b. June 22, 1805 ; Harriet P., b. Nov. 10, 1809. THE TAYLOR FAMILY. The Taylors were early in MarL, but like the Sraiths and Bakers, they were nuraerous among the first emigrants to New England, and it is exceedingly difficult to trace them. James Taylor appears earliest on the Records. He was a pro prietor of the Indian plantation in 1693, though he was probably earlier in the town. His wife's name was Sarah. He d. Feb. II, 1713. ^ James, b. April 22, 1674 ; m. Elizabeth before 1696. Hannah, b. July 1, 1679 ; ra. Dec. 4, 1699, Abiel Lamb. '[Samuel, b. April 10, 1688 ; ra. 1716, Hannah Greely. James Taylor m. Elizabeth Elizabeth, b. Feb. 16. 1696; ra. Sept. 6, 1722, Nathaniel Joslin. Othniel, b. Oct. 19, 1698; m. Sept 1, 1725, Mercy Newton. Sarah, b. Aug. 26, 1700 ; m. Nov. 10, 1718, Benjamin Mills. Amity, b. May 5, 1704. 9 Hannah, b. April 10, 1706. James, b. Aug. 1, 1708. II Abraham, b. March 34, 1710. Samuel Taylor m. 1716, Hannah Greely. Eliphalet, b. Dec. 15, 1716. Hannah, b. March 33, 1722. 13 Mary, b. Nov. 12, 1718. 15 Isaiah, b. March 17, 1725. William Taylor, perhaps brother to the first named James, ra. Mary Johnson. She d. 1697, and he ra. 1699, Sarah Lakin. \Eleazer, b. AprU II, 1678 ; m. 1699, Lydia Barrett. WUliam, b. Jan. 21, 1680 ; d. young. Mary, b. Dec. 6, 1684 ; d. young. 5 Mary, b. June 6, 1686. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 1, 1688. 7 Daniel, b. June 19, 1690. WUliam, b. Feb. 15, 1692 ; m. 1717, Elizabeth Hapgood, and had, 1718, Jonah. Martha, b. Nov. 14, 1694. 10 Mercy, b. July 27, 1697. Ebenezer, b. Jan. 4, 1703 ; m. Jan. I, 1723, Mary Banister. Elisha, b. May 17, 1704. 456 1-3- 1- 24 1-4- 4- 6 8 4-8- 8- 9 1012 13 14 15 1617 18 -12- 13-19 20 21 2223 24 252627 Eleazer Taylor m. April 18, 1699, Lydia Barrett, dau. of John and Mary Barrett, b. Sept. 5, 1674, and had Eleazer, b. Dec. 3, 1699, and John, b. July 28, 1703. She d. 1 740.— £/eazer m. 1721, Judith Hapgood. John ra. Martha , and had Eleazer, b. Oct 15, 1734 ; John, b. Feb. 27, 1736 ; Oliver, b. Dec. 10, 1737 ; Martha, b. Aug. 13, 1739 ; William, b. Oct. 16, 1741, d. young ; Elizabeth, b. Jan. 7, 1743 ; ffUliam, b. Dec. 25, 1745 ; Hannah, b. June 12, 1749. There was a Jesse Taylor, who by wife Mary had Jesse, b. March 24, 1734; Robert, b. July 28, 1735 ; Man/, b. Feb. 28, 1737 ; Daniel, b. June 17, 1739 ; Lydia, b. Aug. 19, 1740 ; Micah, b. Jan. 8, 1743; WUliam, b. Nov., 1744 ; Miriam, b. June 7, 1746. THE TAINTER FAMILY. Joseph Tainter, b. in England, 1613, sailed for America in 1638, and settled in Watertown. He ra. about 1640, Mary Grey. He d. 1690, aged 77 ; and she d. 1705, aged 86. Joseph, b. Sept. 2, 1645. \Jonathan, b. Sept. 10, 1654. 3 Benjamin, b. Feb. 22, 1650. 5 Simon, b. Sept 30, 1660. Jonathan Tainter m. Elizabeth Warren, of Wat. He was in King Philip's war. Jonatlmn, b. July 12, 1682. 7 Benjamin, b. June 30, 1685. ^Joseph, b. May 25, 1688 ; ra. Thankful Barrett. Joseph Tainter ra. April 20, 1715, Thankful Barrett, of Marl., dau. of John and Deborah (Howe) Barrett, b. July 16, 1697. He had been in town a year or two before his marriage. He was a deacon of the Marl, church. They lost four children in Feb., 1740, two in one day. He d. Feb. 19, 1764. Jo7m, b. Nov. 1, 1716 ; m. May 20, I74I, Sarah Ward ; r. in Shrews bury and Woodstock, Ct. Elizabeth, b. April 8, 1719. II Hannah, b. Feb. 19, 1722. ] Jonathan, b. Jan. 7, 1724 ; m. Nov. 18, 1755, Sarah Woods. Joseph, b. April 4, 1726 ; d. Feb. 28, 1740. Zeruiah, b. Feb. 14, 1728 ; d. Feb. 20, 1790. Miriam, b. Nov. 21, 1729 ; d. Feb. 11, 1740. Benjamin, b. Jan. 12, 1733; m. 1755, Sarah Brigham; r. in Shrews-, bury. David, b. Jan. 3, 1735 ; d. Feb. 15, 1740. Mary, b. Feb. 15, 1738 ; d. Feb. II, 1740. Jonathan Tainter ra. Nov. 18, 17.55, Sarah Woods, dau. of Ben jamin and Elizabeth Woods. He d. June 9, 1808, aged 75. Catharine, b. May 6, 1756 ; m. Nov. 23, 1774, Antipas Howe. David, b. AprU 5, 1759. Anne, b. Aug. 31, 1761 ; m. Oct 19, 1792, Aaron Howe. Lydia, b. Nov. 23, 1762 ; d. Jan. 4, 1835, unm. \John, b. Oct. 14, 1764 ; m. March 30, 1786, Esther Goodnow. \Josepli, b. Feb. 12, 1766 ; ra. 1800, Nancy Gould. Sarah, b. Nov. II, 1767 ; m. March 8, 1786, David Wilkins. Lucy, b. March 25, 1770 ; m. Nov. 36, 1788, Stephen Bush. Elizabeth, b. Nov. 10, 1775 ; m. 1803, Levi Bailey. 457 12-23- 23-28 29 3032 34 35 12-24- 34-36 37 39 40 41 424344 John Tainter m. March 30, 1786, Esther Goodnow. He d. March 17, 1807, aged 42, and she ra. Oct 5, 1815, William Loring. Sarah, b. May 5, 1787 ; m. Sept. 9, 1804, Aaron Arnold. JVancy, b. Oct 31, 1789; m. AprU 11, 1811, Apollos Bond. Luther, b. March 4, 1795. 31 Joel, b. Nov. 13, 1796. Aaron, b. April 9, 1799. 33 Lucy, b. Sept 30, 1801. Asa, b. March 27, 1804. John, b. Oct. 5, 1806 ; d. June 7, 1807. Joseph Tainter m. 1800, Nancy Gould. He d. Sept. 13, 1845, aged 78. Eliza, b. June 19, 1801 ; d. Aug. 26, 1835, aged 34, unm. Henni, b. Jan. 14, 1803. 38 Hollis W., b. April 1, 1804 ; m. Sophia, b. April 18, 1806 ; m. 1829, Rufus Howe. AbigaU B., b. Dec. 9, 1808 ; d. AprU 12, 1810. Abigail, b. June 13, 1811 ; d. Feb. 16, 1812. Jonathan, b. July 25, 1814 ; d. unm. Ann Maria, b. July 6, 1817 ; d. unm. Sarah B., b. Aug. II, 1819; m. Dr. Knight 1- 2 3456 7 9 10II 1-6- 6-12 1314 l-IO- 10-15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 THE TEMPLE FAMILY. Isaac Temple m. March 1, 1699, Martha Joslin. He is supposed to be son of Abraham, of Concord, b. 1678. Martha, b. Feb. 35, 1700 ; ra. April 24, 1723, John Bush. Sarah, b. May 1, 1702. Isaac, b. Feb. 8, 1704 ; m. June 25, 1725, Elizabeth Holland ; r. in Shrewsbury, where his descendants were numerous. Abigail, b. March 14, 1706. '[Abraham, b. March 19, 1708 ; ra. Elizabeth Stratton. Many, b. Feb. 33, I7I0. 8 John, b. Jan. 23, 1712. Tlmnkful, b. Sept. 20, 1713; m. May 16, 1733, Ephraira Sherman, of Grafton. '[Jonas, b. Feb. 8, 1716; m. Sarah . Persis, b. Dec. 29, 1718. Abraham Temple ra. Elizabeth Stratton, AprU 13, 1733. Joseph, b. Aug. 30, 1732. > \Jonatlmn, b. May 5, 1735 ; ra. Nov. 6, 1760, Dorothy Morse. 5araft, b. March 24, 1737. Jonas Temple m. Sarah ¦ He d. March 8, 1803, aged 87. Moses, b. Nov. II, 1772; ra. July 14, 1793, Betty Stratton. Sarah, b. Dec. 3, 1773 ; ra. Feb. 8, 1795, Luther Cloyes. '[Silas, b. March 7, 1775; ra. March 27, 1796, Lydia Arnold. She d. and he m. a 2d wife. They joined the Shakers. Martha, b. Feb. 19, 1777. Elizabeth, b. March 18, 1779; ra. Dec. 6, 1795, WUliara Sawin. Persis, b. April 9, 1781; m. May 10, 1804, Eli Maynard. Jonas, b. June 15, 1784 ; m. 1809, Betsey Maynard. JVabby, b. Sept 25, 1787 ; ra. Dec. 9, 1804, Josiah Walcut 458 6-13- 13-'23 242527 10-17- 17-28 293031 323335 1- 2 4 5 6 78 9 10 II 12 1- 2 3 Jonathan Temple ra. Nov. 6, 1760, Dorothy Morse, dau. of Joseph and Abigail. Lydia, b. Aug. 3, 1761 ; d. 1767. Sarah, b. Oct 16. 1763 ; m. Feb. 26, 1781, Thomas Baker? Jasper, b. July 19, 1764. 26 Isaac, b. June 30, 1767, John, b. Nov. 27, 1769 ; m. June 5, 1800, Nabby WUkins. Silas Temple m. March 27, 1796, Lydia Arnold. She d. and he m. a 2d wife, and joined the Shakers. Betsey, b. June 27, 1796; m. March 34, 1833, George WUliams. Lydia, b. Sept II, 1798; m. Dec. 17, 1823, Joseph Balcom. Sally, b. Sept 17, 1800; m. Sept 17, 1831, Henry Balconib. William W., b. March 13, 1803. Willard, b. Sept 29, 1805; d. Dec. 9, 1805. PUbe, b. April 22, 1808. .34 Luanda, b. Aug. 3, 1811. Lyman, b. May I, 1814. There were other Temple families in Marlborough, but their record is so raeagre that they cannot be connected. John Temple m. April 18, 1776, Dorothy Stow. He d. Feb. II, 1838, aged 87. She d. Dec. 28, 1838, aged 87. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 13, 1776. 3 Dorothy, b. June 30, 1778. Miriam, b. June 18, 1780. AbigaU, b. May 7, 1782, ra. Oct. 17, 1805, WUliara Barry. John, b. AprU 30, 1784. Lucy, b. April 22, 1786; ra. March 16, 1807, Moses Howe. Anna, b. July 21, 1788 ; ra. Oct. 13, 1811, Ephraira Howe. Abraham, b. Oct. 27, 1790; d. Dec. 29, 1790. Many, b. Dec. 9, I79I ; ra. May 28, I8I1, Asa Stearns. Ira, b. Jan. 4, 1794 ; ra. April .3, 1821, Mrs. Betsey Maynard. Lydia, b. March 7, 1797 ; m. Oct. 25, 1818, Daniel Dadman ? David Temple m. March 14, 1782, Rebecca . She d. March 24, 1785, and he m. Dec. 3, 1786, Elizabeth Adaras. He d. Sept 24, 1821, aged 82 ; and she d. April 16, 1836, aged 86. Rebecca, b. Jan. 8, 1783; m. April 19, 1807, Jonas Goodnow. JoTin, b. March 14, 1785 ; m. Nov. 23, 1824, Polly Sherman ? There is scarcely a family in town whose record is more confused than the Temples. THAPING.— George Thaping, by wife Rebecca, had Rebecca, b. Nov. 26, 1739. THOMAS.— William Thomas ra. May 26, 1721, Lydia Eager, and had Levina, b. Aug. 15, 1721, ra. 1744, Benjarain Bigelow ; Sophia, b. July 28, 1723 ; WiUiam, b. March 10, 1725 ; Lydia, b. Sept 30, 1727 ; Maiy, b. Feb. 16, 1729, ra. 1746, Joseph Morse ; Odvardo, b. May 7, 1731. TOMBLIN.— Isaac Tomblin, from Brookfield, ra. Dec. 10, 1696, Mary Wait, of Mari., and had in Mari. Isaac, b. Dec. 22, 1697, m. I72I, Martha Newton, and lived in West. ; Hezekiah, b. Sept 27, 1700; Hannah,b. Dec. 15, 1703; Many, b. Nov. 30, 1705; Sarah, b. April 15, 1708 ; Ruhamah, b. Sept. 30, 1709 ; Lydia, b. June 29, 17I6. 459 Matthew Tomblin, by wife Esther, had John, b. May 2, 1691. TOWNSEND.— Benjamin Townsend, by wife Susanna, had Benjamin, b. May 5, 17II; John, b. AprU 16, 1714; Jonathan.b. April 36, 1717. Joseph Townsend, by wife Hannah, had Lydia, b. July 14, I73I ; Joseph, b. Dec. 35, 1734. TROWBRIDGE.— Joseph Trowbridge m. AprU 37, 1788, Lucy Barnes, and had William, b. July II, 1788, ra. 1816, Mary Stevens; Betsey, b. AprU 3, 1791 ; Mary, b. May 23, 1793, m. 1812, Jaraes Symmes ; Ephraim, b. Nov. 15, 1795 ; Luther, b. Sept 13, 1801 ; Lucy, b. Aug. 15, 1803. VOCKARY. — John Vockary, b. in Taunton, England, was 29 years of age, Jan., 1724. He m. Feb. 12, 1720, Lydia Newton, and had Sarah, b. April 24, 1721 ; Ambrose, b. June 27, 1723 ; Susanna, b. Aug. 8, 1735. WAIT. — Joseph Wait by wife Ruhamah, had 1st, WUliam, b. Sept. 35, 1679, m. Abiah, and had Gershom, 1701 ; Jason, 1703 ; Sarah, 1704; 3d, John, b. Feb. 7, I()93 ; 3d, Joseph, b. March 17, 1694. Joseph Waight, (or Wait,) by wife Hepzibah, had Moses, b. May 18, 1780. WALCUTT. — Jesse Walcutt, perhaps from Stow, by wife Re becca, had Jabez, b. Dec. 17, 1756 ; Phebe, b. Dec. 1, 1758; Esther, b. March 5, 1761 ; Ruth, b. June 2, 1763. WALKER. — Obadiah Walker, probably from Sud., where the narae was quite coramon, by wife Hannah, had SUas, b. July 17, 1716 ; Hannah, b. Nov. 8, 1718 ; Obadiah, b. June 8, 1721. Samuel Walker, by wife Mary, had Mary, b. June 29, 1739; Hannah, b. March 1.3, 1741 ; Lois, b. Oct. 24, 1743; Vashti, b. May 28, 1746 ; Sarah, b. March 23, 1748. WALKUP. — Thomas Walkup, by wife Sarah, had Elizabeth, b. May 11, 1771. THE WARD FAMILY. •The Wards were among the first families who settled in Mari. Several females of that name, also ra. in Marl. William Ward was in Sud. as early as 1639, and was a proprietor of lands there. He was living at that tirae with a second wife. He represented Sud. in 1644, in the General Court; he was several years chairman of the selectmen there. In 1656, he and others belonging to Sud. petitioned the General Court for the plantation of Mari. He moved to Mari. 1660. His wife's name was Elizabeth. He d. Aug. 10, 1687, and she d. Dec. 9, 1700, aged 87. He had fourteen children, four or five of which were born abroad. John, b. about 1626; m. Hannah Jackson ; lived in Newton. Joanna, b. 1628 ; ra. Abrahara Williams ; lived in Mari, 59 460 4 567 89 10 II 12 1314 15 1-4- 4-16 17 18 19 212325 27 1-8- 8-29 3031 32 33 34 1-9- 9-35 36 37 1-1 1- \Obadiah, b. about 1632; m. Mary ; resided in Marl. Richard, b. about 1635; ra. Mary Moore ; resided in Sud. Deborah, b. about 1637; ra. John Johnson ; moved to Marl. Hannah, b. about 1639 ; m. Abraham Howe ; lived in Marl. '[William, b. Jan. 22, 1640 ; ra. and resided in Marl. {Samuel, b. Sept. 24, 1641 ; ra. Sarah Howe ; resided in Marl. Elizabeth, b. April 14, 1643. ^Increase, b. Feb. 22, 1644 ; m. and resided in Marl. Hopestill, b. Feb. 24, 1646 ; m. Jaraes Woods ; lived at Mari. Mary, b. about 1647 ; ra. Daniel Stone ; resided at Sud. Eleazer, b. about 1649 ; ra. Hannah Rice. He resided in Sud. and was slain by the Indians upon the highway between Marl, and Sud., April 20, 1676. Bethiah, b. about 1658; ra. Daniel Rice, of Marl. Obadiah Ward m. Nov. 13, 1667, Mary . He had land as signed to him in Sud. in 1653, and a house-lot and after-divisions in Marl. 1600, and moved there soon after, where his wife Mary d. Aug. 22, 1706. He m. when past 74 years of age, Joanna Mixer, of Wa tertown. He was representative from Marl, in 1689, and d. Jan. 5, 1718, aged 86. They had thirteen children, concerning whom but little is known. Alice, b. Nov. 14, 1668. William, b. Jan. 7, 1670; m. Judith . {Obadiah, b. Sept. 18, 1672; ra. Elizabeth . Bethiah, b. 1674, d. same year. 20 Mary, b. May 4, 1676. Jane, b. 1677. Sarah, b. Jan. 29, 1681. Elizabeth, b. 1685. Eleazer, b. 1689. 22 Edmund, b. Jan. 21, 1679. 24 Richard, b. April 26, 1683. 26 Hannah, b. 1688. 28 Prudence, b. 1691. William Ward m. Hannah Eames, wid. of Gershom Eames. He resided in Marl, as did also his father, southerly of the first meeting house. He d. Nov. 25, 1697. She d. Dec. 8, 1720, aged 64. William, b. March 27, 1680 ; m. Jane Cleveland, and resided in that part of Marl, now Southborough, where he had a family, among whom was Hezekiah, Elisha, WUliam and Charles. William Ward rose to the rank of colonel, and was a justice of the peace. Bethiah, b. ; m. Elnathan Brigham. \JVahum, b. Dec. 18, 1684 ; m. Martha Howe. Elisha, b. Jan. 12, 1686, was killed or taken xiaptive by the Indians at Worcester, 1709, while riding post frora Marl, to Hadley. Bathsheba, b. May 16, 1689; d. Oct. 6, 1693. Gershom, b. Jan. 3, 1693 ; represented Marl. 1738, and d, unm. 1739. Samuel Ward ra. June 6, 1667, Sarah, dau. of John Howe, of Mari. She d. Aug. 11, 1707. He had a 3d wife, who survived him. He d. 1729, aged 84. He had 7 children— 4 dau. 'and 3 sons. jJoseph, b. 1670 \ m. Abiah Wheelock. {Samuel, b. March, 1678 ; m. Mary . Daniel, b. 1687 ; d. April 13, 1700. Increase Ward m. Record , and resided in that part of Mari. now Northboro'. His farm was on the river, and he had a saw-mill, 461 4-17- 4-18- 8-31- 9-35- 35-38 39 40 4142 4344 9-36- 36-45 4647 48 49 50 51 35-38- 38-53 535455 .56 575859 probably near the present factory. He d. Aug. 4, 1690, aged 46 ; she d. July 26, 1726. They had a famUy of chUdren who resided in Northboro' and Westboro'. William Ward m. Judith , and resided in Marl., where they had WUliam, b. 1691 ; Gamaliel, b. 1694 ; Jacob, b. 1697 ; and four dau. He moved to Ashfprd, Ct, with his famUy. Obadiah Ward m. Elizabeth . He d. in Marl. March 14, 1752, aged 80. He had two wives, and nine children. Jabez was the only son who m. ; and after the birth of his children, moved with his faraily to New Marlborough, 1744. Nahum Ward ra. July 16, 1714, Martha Howe, dau. of Daniel, of Marl. He followed the sea in early life, and afterwards moved to Shrewsbury, where he was col., justice of the peace, representative, and judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He was the father of Arte mas Ward, b. 1727, grad. H. C. 1748, and who was a major in the French war ; and at the opening of the devolution in 1775, he was appointed General, and Commander-in-Chief of all the forces raised by the Colony. He had the command of the troops at Cambridge, till superseded by Washington. Joseph Ward m. June 5, 1700, Abiah Wheelock. He d. June 30, I7I7, aged 47, leaving 7 chUdren. ^Daniel, b. AprU 14, 1701 ; m. Dec. 10, 1727, Mary Bigelow. Elizabeth, b. June 22, 1703 ; d. Jan. 4, 1707. \ Phinehas, b. Aug. 5, 1705 ; m. Mary . Tlmnkful, b. AprU 4, 1708 ; probably ra. Ebenezer Phelps. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 19, I7I0. Joseph, b. Sept 5, 1713; ra. 1742, Sarah Palmer; moved to Mendon. Abigail, b. Oct. 23, I7I6 ; ra. 1744, Abijah Knapp. Samuel Ward m. Mary He d. Feb. 27, 1738, aged 60. She d. Jan. 17, 1758. Ephraim, b. June 26, 1705; m. 1733, Susanna Weeks ; r. in South. Absalom, b. Sept 20, 1706; m. 1740, Mary WUkinson ; r. in South. Tamar, b. Sept II, 1708 ; d. at MarL unm. Samuel, b. Jan. II, 1709; d. unm. Usley, b. Aug. 23, 17II ; ra. 1736, Nathan Prescott, of Mari. Uriah, b. Aug. 2, 1716 ; in. 1741, Sarah Oakes ; moved to Chariton. Benjamin, b. Nov. 10, 1719 ; ra. Mary Oakes ; r. in Chariton. Daniel Ward m. Dec. 10, 1727, Mary Bigelow. She d. AprU 10, 1750, and he m. Jan. 24, 1758, Grace, wid. of Edward Barnes, and dau. of Joseph Newton, Jr., of Mari. She ra. 1st, 1726, Simon Rice ; 2d, 1739, Edward Barnes; and last, Daniel Ward. He d. May 12, 1764, aged 63 years and 17 days. His wid., Grace, d. May 16, 1788, aged 84 years and 3 months. Silas, b. Jan. 2'2, 1730 ; d. March 25, 1732. Ruth, b. Feb. 20, I73I ; m. 1753, Ithamar Brigham, and d. 1766. Abiah, b. Jan. 31, 1734 ; m. Eleazer Davis. Bethiah, b. Feb. 26, 1736 ; m. SUas Bowker, of Westboro . Mary, b. June 7, 1738 ; m. Nov. 29, 1759, Jonas Morse, Jr. Abigail, b. Aug. 22, 1740 ; ra. Dec. 2, 1764, Jaraes WUliams. Daniel, b. May 37, 1745 ; m. Anna Rice. Samuel, b,. March 30, 1750 ; probably d. young. 462 35-40- 40-60 61 63 6364 65 1-2 3- 3 3- 4567 8 9 10 11 13 3-4- 4-14 15 16 Phinehas Ward m. Mary He d. Oct 19, 1756, aged 51. His wid. settled his estate, and was living 1763. His " homestead contained 203 acres of land, partly in Marl, and partiy in Bolton, adjoining together with the river running through the same." Martha, b. AprU 18, 1739 ; m. Feb. 21, 1759, Abner Haskell. Josiah, b. Sept. 4, 1741 ; m. Sarah Goodale ; r. Henniker, N. H. Phinelms, b. April 37, 1744 ; ra. Dorothy Osgood ; r. Henniker, N. H, Reuben, b. Dec. 28, 1746 ; m. Sarah Kendall ; r. Mari., N. H. Mary, b. Nov. 5, 1749 ; d. Oct. 26, 1756. ' Joseph, b. May 13, 1752 ; d. March 9, 1756. As most of the Wards moved or were set off from Marl, at an early day, and as an excellent genealogy of the Ward family has been pub lished by one so well qualified, (Andrew H. Ward, Esq.,) I have been more brief than I should otherwise have been with this ancient and influential famUy. THE WARREN FAMILY. The Warrens were early in New England, though they did not come to Marl, till about 1730. John Warren came to the country in 1630, aged 45, and setUed in Watertown. He was admitted freeman. May 18, 1631, and was selectman 1636 to '40. In 1654 he was fined for not attending public worship 14 Sabbaths. His wife Margaret d. Nov. 6, 1662, and he d. Dec. 13, 1667. His will mentions four children, probably all boril in England.John, b. 1622, made freeman, 1645. He m. July 11, 1667, Michal, the wid. of Richard Bloys. He was a Capt. and selectman. He d. 1703, and she d. July 14, 1713. They had seven children, five dau. and two sons. John, b. May 21, 1678. He settied in " Watertown Farms," now Weston ; where he m. Ist, Abigail Hastings. She d. July 19, 1710, and he ra. 2d, May 14, 1711, Lydia Fiske. He d. 1726, and his wid. settled his estate. She m. again in Weston, July 17, 1730, Benjamin Harrington. He had ten children. fJofcn, b. AprU 3, I70I ; settled in MarL Sarah, b. Sept 20, 1702 ; m. Oct 29, 1725, Sarauel Harrington. Samuel, b. March 18, 1704 ; m. 1728, Tabitha Stone. Tlwmas, b. March II, 1706; m. 1737, Lydia Mixer. David, b. June 33, 1708 ; probably d. young. Benjamin, b. AprU 4, 1715 ; d. Aug. 16, 1790. jDavid, b. Jan. 8, 1717; settled in Marl, and m. Eunice . AbigaU, b. Oct 28, 1719. 12 Lucy, b. Oct. 26, 1721. WUliam, b. Oct 31, 1733 ; d. 1739. John Warren ra. Zippora Brigham, daiL of Nathan and Elizabeth Brigham. She d. May 2, 1790. He d. Dec. 27, 1783. He filled many important town offices. Elizabeth, b. March 31, 1734; m. June 13, 1754, Asa Brigham. John, b. Oct. 16, 1735; d. AprU 25, 1737. Anne, b. Aug. 37, 1737 ; m. Oct 26, 1757, Larkin WUliams. 463 17 1819 20 21 3-10- 10-22 23 4-17- 17-25 4-21- 21-37 2829 30313233 34 .35 36 fJoAn, b. June 19, 1739; m. Jan. 27, 1763, Rachel Barnes. Persis, b. April 9, I74I ; ra. Arnold. Hastings, b. Feb. 20, 1743; d. Nov. 17, 1760, at Albany, in the French war. Catharine, b. Nov. 3, 1745 ; m. Feb. 21, 1763, Bailey Eager. '[Thaddeus, b. March 20, 1767 ; ra. Dec. 27, 1770, Lucy Stevens. David Warren m. Eunice Damaris, b. June 26, 1750; m. Aug. 24, 1769, Jonah Harrington. Levina, b. Dec. 30, 1752. 24 Loveioell, b. Oct. 23, 1764. John Warren m. Jan. 27, 1763, Rachel Barnes. He was a prora- inent citizen, and filled the office of selectman, and town clerk, a num ber of years, and received other marks of public confidence. He bore the title of Lieut. Anna, b. Dec. 15, 1766. 26 WUliam, b. May 13, 1769. Thaddeus Warren m. Dec. 27, 1770, Lucy Stevens, dau. of Samuel and Lucy Stevens. She d. June 17, I82I ; he d. June 18, 1821, aged 74. They were buried at the sarae time in the same grave. Lydia, b. Jan. 28, 1773; m. Nov. 28, 1791, Asa Goodnow. John, b. Dec. 2, 1774; ra. Betsey Nixon, of Framingham, nnd resided in Dorchester. Samuel, b. June I, 1777 ; ra. Ist, 1813, Betsey W. Brighara, and ra. 2d, 1822, Rebecca Morse. Hastings, b. July 20, 1779 ; moved to Middleboro', Vt Lucy, b. Oct. 18, 1781 ; ra. June 13, 1804, Thomas T. Hunt Sarah, b. July 5, 1784; m. Jan. 3, 1810, Solomon Weeks. Edward, b. Aug. 4, 1786; went a missionary to Ceylon, and died. Elizabeth, b. March 19, 1789; d. March 23, 1816, unm. Sophia, b. Feb. 16, 1793 ; m. 1830, Rev. Isaac Bonney, and d. 1855. MiUicent, b. March 33, 1797; ra. March 15, 1819, David Goodale, d. 1861. There was another family of Warrens in Marl, earlier than the one mentioned, but the record gives no account of them except what is contained below. They were of the Watertown stock. Daniel Warren, and wife Rebecca Garfield, had Daniel, b. Nov. 19, 1712^ and Timothy, b. Sept. 14, 1715. Daniel ra. Hannah , and resided in West and Shrews., and had a faraUy of five children, b. before 1745. He was in the French and Indian war, 1746, was taken prisoner at Port Massachusetts, and carried by the Indians to Canada. I have not learned his fate. Timothy settied in West., was twice raarried, had ten children, and numerous descendants in that town. THE WEEKS FAMILY. The Weekses were not among the eariiest settiers in Mari., though the family has been somewhat prominent. Supply Weeks, the first of the name in Mari., was the son of Araiel and Abigail (Trescott) Weeks, of Dorchester, and was born 464 1- 334567 8 1-2- 2- 9 11 1213 1-5- 5-15 16 1-6- 6-17 18 19 2021 22 23 6-18- 18-24 25 26 272829 6-22- Aug. 26, 1671. Ainiel Weeks was son of George and Jane, of the first settlers of Dorchester. Supply m. June 4, 1699, Susanna Barnes, an adopted dau. of Dea. John Barnes, and a dau. of Thomas Barnes, of Marl. He was m. as of Marl, and hence wag in the place before that date. She d. Jan. 15, 1712, and he m. March 10, 1715, Mary Holland, of Frarainghara. He d. Sept 22, 1755, aged 84. \Thomas, b. Sept 5, 1700 ; m. Hannah Jemima, b. Feb. 23, 1702 ; ra. May 19, 1730, Isaac Tomblin. AbigaU, b. Jan. 26, 1704. \Amiel, b. Oct. 13, 1705 ; ra. Mary . {John, b. March 3, 1707; ra. Dinah Keyes. Elijah, b. Feb. 4, 1710. Susanna, b. Jan. II, 1712; ra. Jan. 30, 1734, Ephraim Ward. Thomas Weeks m. Hannah ¦ 10 iJittt, b. Dec. 2, 1726. Hannah, b. Feb. 3. 1725. Samuel, b. March 31, 1729. Eunice, b. Sept 19, 17.30; d. Nov. 13, 1731. Phebe, b. Jan. 13, 1733. 14 Thomas, b. April 31, 1735. Amiel Weeks m. Marv Katharine, ( , p , .^ ^7'^6 5 ^' *^'^'' ^~' ^'^^^' Nathan Sparhawk. Mary, ^ ' ' ' m. 1770, Solomon Banker. John Weeks m. Dinah Keyes, 1731. She d. Dec. 15, 1784; he d. Feb. II, 1787, aged 79. John Weeks was a man of considerable note, and rose to the rank of colonel. He also held a commission of justice of the peace. Josiah, b. Nov. 1, 1732; ra. 1755, Mary Goodnow. ^Francis, b.June 28, 1734; m. Feb. 1, 1757, Thankful Stevens. Betty, b. Jan. 26, 1736 ; m. Jan. 4, 1758, Stephen Brigham. Dinah, b. Oct 2, 1737; m. 1st, Nathan Goodale; 2d, Jotham Sawyer. John, b.July 35, 1739; ra. May 19, 1763, Mary Bigelow, and had Molly, b. Jan. 37, 1766. ] Jonathan, b. Dec. 3, 1741 ; m. Thankful Bigelow. Susanna, b. Nov. 5, 1743; ra. May 22, 1764, Benjarain Rice. Francis Weeks m. Feb. 1, 1757, Thankful Stevens. She d. Sept 6, 1771. ./3nno,b. Nov. 18, 17.57. ' Katharine, b. Dec. 12, 17.59; m. Stephen Allen. William, b. April 18, 1762. He was in the service in Rhode Island in the Revolution. After the war he m. Martha Barnes, and moved to St Albans, Vt Benjamin, b. Aug. 21, 1764 ; d. Dec. 4, 1784. Lucy, b. Nov. 25, 1766 ; d. Dec. 16, 1784, unm. Moses, b. June 6, 1770. Jonathan Weeks m. AprU 22, 1767, Thankful Bigelow, dau. of Thomas and Elizabeth Bigelow, who d. Nov. 3, 1775. He m. 2d, Aug. 26, 1777, Lucy Newton, dau. of Micah and Mary (Howe) New ton. He d. April 5, 1805, aged 63. He filled the office of Capt She d. July 7, 1817. 465 22-30 3132333435 36 37 38 39 40 22-30- 30-41 43 434446 474849 L 1- 3 2- 3 3- 4567 3-4- tJoAn, b. Oct. 1, 1768 ; ra. Betsey Felton. Aaron, b. July 30, 1770; d. Oct 17, 1775. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 3, 1773 ; ra. Jan. 15, 1794, Heman Seaver. Francis, b. Jan. 15, 1775; d. Oct 14, 1775. Jonathan, b. Oct 31, 1778 ; m. Sept II, 1798, Sally Clark. David, b. May 36, 1781 ; went to Groton; d. 1820. Mary, b. July 10, 1783; m. Dec. 8, 1806, David P. Parker. Solomon, b. Sept 14, 1785; m. Jan. 30, 1809, Sally Warren. Phebe, b. Jan. 13, 1788; d. Aug. 1812. Francis, b. Nov. 1, 1790 ; m. 1st, I8I4, Sally Brown ; 2d, Hannah Brown. Lucy, b. Oct I, 1793; ra. 1815, Ebenezer Araes. John Weeks ra. June 7, 1787, Betty Felton, dau. of Archelaus Felton. He d. Nov. 3, 1826, aged 58. Betsey, b. Aug. 21, 1789 ; ra. I8I2, John P. Maynard. Sally, b. July 22, 1792 ; m. 1820, Stephen Pelton, Jr. Thankful, b. Jan. 22, l795 ; m. Jabez Walcutt. Many, b. Feb. 26, 1798. 45 William, b. July 27, 1800; d. 180.5. Hannah A., b. Jan. 6, 1803 ; m. Daniel Parminter. Lydia, b. Dec. 24, 1804 ; ra. Patch. Lucy, b. Sept 8, 1807 ; ra. William Wheeler. John, b. April 12, 1810 ; m. Nancy Hager; moved to Western N. York. WELLS. — Nathaniel Wells, by his wife Mary, had Iclmbod, b. July 11, I7I8; John, b. Nov. 27, 1719; JVathaniel, b. Oct 18, 1721; Lovell, b. Nov. 13, 1723 ; Shadrach, b. Aug. 15, 1726. THE WHEELER FAMILY. » Thomas Wheeler was in Concord with a family in 1640, and in 1*75, accompanied Capt. Hutchinson, himself then a Captain, with about twenty raen to Quaboag, now Brookfield, to treat with the Indians. They were there drawn into an ambush, and suddenly fired upon by the perfidious Indians, and eight of their nuraber were in stantly kUled. Capt. Hutchinson was raortally wounded, and died at Marl, soon after. Capt. Wheeler was sorely wounded, had his horse shot under hira, and when near being dispatched by the enemy, was rescued by his son, Thoraas, he also being wpunded, who placed his father upon a horse whose rider was slain, and both succeeded by flight in saving their lives. Capt. Wheeler died in Concord the year following. His son Thomas Wheeler, whose wife was Hannah , had John, b. in Concord, 1661, and perhaps other children born there ; but soon after settied in Marl. See Ward's Shrewsbury. John Wheeler m. June 25, 1684, Elizabeth Wells. He d. 1721. '[John, b. Aug. 15, 1695 ; moved to Shrewsbury. Martha, b. July 22, 1698. {Joseph, b. April 19, 1700; m. Jan. 16, 1718, Elizabeth Holloway. Ephraim, b. May 1, 1702. 8 Daniel, b. Aug. 12, 1704. John Wheeler m. Mary Hapgood, dau. of Thomas Hapgood. After the birth of their second child, they moved to Shrews. They had Cyrus, b. Nov. 7, 1717; and Darius, b. Dec. 27, 1719; and other children b. after they left Mari. 466 3-6- 6- 9 10II 1213 141618 20 6-10- 10-21 2223 1- 2 Joseph Wheeler ra. Ist, Elizabeth Holloway, and 2d, March 17, 17.30, Deborah Whitney. He d. April 23, 1772. Sarah, b. Aug. 8, 1730; ra. ,Jan. 9, 1752, Sarauel Morse. \Silas, b. Oct 33, 1732; m. Abigail Bowker. John, b. Feb. 22, 1734. Solomon, b. Feb. 25, 1736 ; d. Nov. 26, 1773. David, b. May 4, 1738 ; d. young. Joseph, b. June 14, 1740. 15 Elizabeth, b. April 4, 1742. David, b. Dec. 8, 1744. 17 Miriam, b. Dec. 4, 1746. Dinah, b. Jan. 1, 1749, d. young. 19 Dinah, b. Dec. 1, 1750. Fortunatus, b. April 29, 1754. Silas Wheeler m. July 27, 1758, AbigaU Bowker. He d. April 25, 1802. Anna, b. Aug. II, 1760 ; m. April 23, 1783, William Barnard. Lucy, b. Nov. 17, 1762. .^so, b. Oct. 16, 1764; m. Jan. 27, 1792, Sarah Thompson, and had Mary V., b. May 17, 1793 ; Luman, b. May 19, 1795 ; Dexter, b. June 26, 1797 ; Asa B., b. March 24, 1799 ; Lorenzo, b> Nov. 34, 1800. WHEELOCK. — Samuel Wheelock was in MarL early, and by his wife Lydia, had ten children, nine of whom are recorded in Marl. His oldest son, Gershom, went to Shrewsbury, and is said to have been one of the first settlers in that town. He m. in Marl. Jan. 1, 1719, AbigaU Plagg, and went immediately to Shrewsbury. His father with his faraily followed the next spring. Samuel Wheelock was one of the first deacons of the church there. His children were Gershom ; Samuel, b. 1696; Martha, b. 1698; Elizabeth, b. 1700; Hannah,h. 1 701 ; Tamar, b. 1704 ; Many, b. 1706 ; Daniel, b. 1708 ; Lois, b. I7I0 ; Rachel, b. 1714. WHITCOMB.— Simeon Whitcomb ra. 1767, Judith Brown, and had Darius, b. 1768 ; Luay, b. 1770 ; Oliver, b. 1774 ; Asaph, b. 1778 ; Ephraim, b. 1780. There were other Whitcombs residing near the line of Stow and Sudbury ; but there is no record by which they can be traced. Zelotes Whitcomb d. May 13, 1812. Timothy Whitcomb d. Oct 29, 1815, aged 82. Wid. Whitcomb d. Feb. 25, 1841, aged 82. THE WHITNEY FAMILY. I find great difficulty in tracing the Whitneys who have been in Marl, from time to tirae. John Whitney, aged 35, and his wife, Eleanor, aged 30, embarked at London, AprU, 1635, in the Elizabeth and Ann, Roger Cooper, raaster, and probably arrived in this country in June, and settled in Watertown. With them carae sons John, aged II years, Richard, aged 9, JVathaniel, aged 8, Thomas, aged 6, and Jonatlmn, aged 1 year. They had Joshua, Caleb and Benjamin, b. in Wat. Thomas Whitney, b. in Eng., 1629 ; m. Jan. II, 1655, Mary Ken dall. He resided in 'Wat, where he had 12 children, and d. Sept 20, 1719, aged 90. 467 Thomas Whitney, son of the above, was b. Aug. 24, 1656, being the oldest of the family. Lie m. Jan. 29, 1679, Elizabeth Lawrence. He resided in Watertown, Stow, and that part of Lancaster which is now Bolton, where he d. 1742 ; and she d. a few weeks eariier. He had 7 or 8 chUdren. Benjamin Whitney, their fifth chUd, b. Oct 7, 1687, m. Feb. 7, 1710, Sarah Barrett, dau. of John Barrett, of Mari. She d. Feb. 15, 1730, aged 38, and he m in 1730, Abigail Bridge, dau. of Matthew and AbigaU (RusseU) Bridge, of Lexington. She survived her hus band about 30 years, and d. in Boston, Aug. 1, 1767. He first bought in Mari. in 1710, 321 acres of land, of Samuel Morse. In 1711 he was of Simon Maynard s garrison. He was a large land-holder in Marl. He is said to have been one of the first of the name who settied in Boston, to which place he removed in 1737, and d. there, aged 50. He had 14 children. Deborah, b. Nov. 7, 1711 ; m. Joseph Wheeler, resided in Mari., and had 12 children. Barrett, b. Sept 22, 1715; ra. June 16, 1737, Elizabeth AUen, in Boston. David, b. June 21, 1717 ; ra. Mercy . Persis, b. Jan. 10, 1719 ; m. Nathan Goodale, of MarL, and had a family of 13 chUdren. Solomon, b. Dec. 20, 1721 ; ra. Oct 5, 1749, Elizabeth Smith. He d. 1758. He had 2 children in Mari., Miriam, b. July 31, 1751, and Benjamin, b. June 10, 1753. He moved to Canada, and had several other chUdren. Sarah, b. July 13, 1723; ra. Abraham Joslin. Timothy, b. July 6, 1725 ; d. youug. Dinah, b. July 12, 1727 ; m. in Boston, Elijah Livermore. Jo5, b. Oct 22, 1729; grad. H. C. 1758, read theology, commenced preaching, and d. unm., June 13, 1761. AbigaU, b. May 13, 1731 ; m. Samuel Austin, as his 2d wife. He and his brother, Benjarain Austin, were of the leading raerchants of Boston who first opposed the aggressions of the Crown. Benjamin, b. May 9, 1732 ; d. March 22, 1751. George, b. March 22, 1733; d. Dec. 26, 1751. Samuel, b. Sept. 5, 1734 ; ra. Oct. 20, 1757, Abigail Cutler, dau. of David and Lydia. He resided in Concord frora 1767 to 1777. He was a delegate from Concord in the first Provincial Congress, in 1775, and was a leading member of the Committee of Safety, Corres pondence and Inspection. He participated in the incidents of the 19th of April, 1775. He subsequently moved to Castine, Me., where he d. July 2, I8I3, aged 78. Anna, b. Oct 23, 1736 ; ra. 1761, WiUiam Barnes, of Boston. There were other Whitneys in town ; sorae carae frora Hopkinton, some from Littleton, and other places ; but there is nothing upon the records or within ray knowledge by which I can trace them. Timothy Whitney, by wife Phebe Reed, had a family of 8 children. \Thomas, b. June 15, 1777 ; m. June 23, 1798, AbigaU Hapgood. Susanna, b. Feb. 26, 1782. 4 JVathan, b. Aug. 15, 1784. Lewis, b. AprU 7, 1788. 6 Edward W., b. Jan. 29, 1793. Phebe, b. March 12, 1795. 8 Henry, b. Nov. 6, 1797. Sophia, b. Dec. 25, 1799. 60 468 1-2- 2-10 1- 23 1-2- 2- 4567 8 10 11 1-3- 3-12 1314 15 16 2-7- 7-17 1819 20 Thomas Whitney ra. June 23, 1798, Abigail Hapgood. Lucy, b. Sept. 8, 1798. 11 WUliam Hapgood, b. July 5, 1800. Daniel Whitney, by wife Cate, had Luther, b. Feb. 23, 1781 ¦ John Stone, b. June 20, 1783 ; WUliam, b. Aug. 22, 1785. ' WILDER. — John Wilder, by wife Hannah, had Hannah, b. May 14, 1680 ; James, b. . 31 Jonathan Wilder, by wife Mary, had Jonatlmn, b. Dec. 21, 1707, who ra. Mary , and had Solomon, b. Dec. 18, 1738 ; Jonathan, b. July 31, 1741 ; Mary, b. Aug. 25, 1743; Solomon, b. Aug. 22, 1747; Sarah, b. June 17, 1749 ; Lydia, b. May 25, 1754 ; Ephraim, b. Nov. I, 1755 ; Eunice, b. May 3, 1759. The Wilders probably carae from Lancaster. THE WILKINS FAMILY. John Wilkins came to Marl, from Danvers, about 1740, with two sons, and settled in the northerly part of the town. He d. May 14, 1763. \ Josiah, b. in Danvers ; ra. Lois Bush. {Edward, b. in Danvers ; m. Lydia Smith. Josiah Wilkins m. Lois Bush, dau. of Jonathan and Sarah. d. Aug. 21, 1784. She d. March 24, 1796. He John, b. Feb. 21, 1745 ; ra. April 4, 1769, Elizabeth Bruce. Jonathan, b. June 28, 1747 ; d. young. Mary, b. Jan. 17, 1750 ; ra. 1774, Silas Taylor, of Stow. \ Josiah, b. July 11, 1752 ; ra. Judith Fox. Jonathan, b. June 19, 17.55 ; studied theology, and settled at Concord, N. H. fLevi, b. Aug. 3, 1758 ; m. Oct. 19, 1784, Hepzibah Darling. Lois, b. Dec. 31, 1760 ; ra. Dec. 15, 1785, Rev. John Bruce. \David, b. Sept 1, 1763 ; ra. March 8, 1786, Sarah Taynter. Edward Wilkins m. Nov. 21, 1748, Lydia Smith. He d. Nov. 27, 1763 ; and she ra. Feb. 6, 1765, Abner Cranston, and d. June 14, 1801. Jonas, b. Oct. 2, 1749; d. April 2, 1753. Elizabeth, b. July 8, 1752; m. March 14, 1769, Abraham RandaU; \ Jonas, b. Aug. 25, 1755; m. Jan. 30, 1785, Comfort Priest. jEdward, b. Nov. .5, 1757 ; m. Jan. 14, 1779, Sarah Dunn. Solomon, b. May 29, 1760 ; ra. about 1803, Persis Gates, of Stow ; d. Nov. 28, 1825. Josiah Wilkins ra. Judith Pox. She d. and he m. Bruce, dau. of Samuel Bruce. He was a soldier in the Revolution. John, b. June 5, 1777 ; moved to Boston. Lovice, b. AprU 24, 1779 ; resides at New Ipswich, N. H. Levina, b. Aug. 9, 1782. Josiah, b. Sept. 30, 1786 ; moved to MobUe, where he was appointed judge of probate. William, b. Feb. 15, 1788 ; moved to Boston. 469 2-9- 9-22 23 3425262728 2-11- 11-39 31 333537 3-14- 14-38 394041 42 4344 45 46 47 3-15- 15-48 49 50 51525354 55 Levi Wilkins m. Oct. 19, 1784, Hepzibah Dariing. He d. Jan. 29, 1816. She d. March 5, 1838. Mary, b. March 7, 1785 ; m. 1812, David Knight, of Bolton. Lucy, b. May 1, 1786 ; d. unra. 1821. Stephen, b. Sept. 17, 1788 ; m. 1812, Relief Whitcomb. Josiah, b. March 23, 1791 ; d. young. John, b. Sept. 30, 1793 ; ra. 1809, SaUy Smith, and had Levi. Elizabeth, b. Oct. 13, 1795 ; ra. EUsha Cox. Sophia, b. July 17, 1799; d. young. David Wilkins ra. March 8, 1786, Sarah Taynter. They raoved to New Ipswich, N. H. Lucretia, b. Aug. 3, 1786. Luther, b. Dec. 30, 1789. Lois, b. March 29, 1793. JVabby, b. Feb. 21, 1797. Abraham, b. May 3, 1801. 30 Levina, b. Dec. 30, 1788. 32 Silas, b. Dec. 25, 1791. 34 Sarah, b. Feb. II, 1795. 36 George, b. June 22, 1799. Jonas Wilkins m. Jan. 20, 1785, Comfort Priest, who d. Oct. 7, 1785. He m. Sarah Barnard, April 23, 1786. He d. May 13, 1822. She d. Aug. 21, 1822, aged 57. Comfort, b. Oct 7, 1785 ; d. Feb. 23, 1786. Comfort, b. April 4, 1 787 ; d. unm. aged 20. William, b. Jan. 15, 1789 ; d. young. Caty, b. Jan. 29, 1790 ; in. I8I8, HoUis Loring. Jane, b. Jan. II, 1792; m. Benjamin Whitcomb. Joel, b. April 10, 1795 ; m. Lydia Maynard. William, b. July 5, 1797 ; m. Elizabeth Bruce. Mary B., b. Aug. 31, 1799; d. 1808. Elizabeth R., b. Aug. 8, 1803 ; ra. WiUard Brown. Sally, b. Sept 20, 1804 ; m. Amory Bruce. Edward Wilkins m. Jan. 14, 1779, Sarah Dunn. He d. May 17, 1837, aged 80. She d. Jan. 16, 1829, aged 73. Sally, b. April 15, 1779 ; m. Feb. 19, 1800, Ivory Brigham. JVancy, b. July 10, 1781 ; ra. June 5, 1800, John Temple, Jr. Betsey, b. May 9, 1783 ; m. Sept. 6, 1801, Jedediah Wood. L/dia, b. April 13, 1785 ; ra. March 19, 1805, Phinehas Brigham. Hannah, b. Sept. 5, 1787 ; d. unm. Ludnda, b. Aug. 4, 1791 ; m. June 16, 1814, Jacob Pelton. Edward, b. Sept. 20, 1793; m. AprU 15, 1824, Mary Holraan, of Ster ling. He is one of the most prominent men in the N. part of Marl. Harriet, b. May 30, 1801 ; d. July 7, I80I. THE WILLIAMS FAMILY. Abraham Williams became a proprietor of Marlborough in 1663. He was admitted a freeman in 1652. He m. Joanna Ward, dau. of WUUam and Elizabeth Ward. He settied in Marl, near the Pond, at the place long known as the " Williams Tavern." He represented the town in the General Court, and d. Dec. 29, 1712. His wid. d. Dec. 8, 1718, aged 90. The record of his family is very defective, but his wUl, or deed of gift, supplies sorae of the defects in the records. It is dated Dec. 28, 1712. 470 1- 2 3 4 1-3- 3- 67 3-7- 9 10 11 12 1314 15 161718 19 20 21 23 34 7-10- 7-11- 11-35 36 28 29 3031 32 7-12- 12-33 34 35 Elizabeth, b. ; m. before 1679, Thomas Beaman. \ WUliam, b. ; m. Elizabeth . John, b. ; d. Jan. 3, 1718. Elizabeth and John were living at tho death of their father in 1712. Lydia, b. July 9, 1699. William Williams ra. before 1692, Elizabeth . He d. Aug. 30, 1702. Thomas, b. Sept 10, 1692; d. Sept. 19, 1692. ^ Abraham, b. April 15, 1695; was thrice raarried. Abraham Williams m. Jan. 5, I7I5, Prudence Howe, dau. of Thomas and Sarah. She d. Jan. 16, 1725, and he m. 2d, Dec. 22, 1725, Elizabeth Breck, dau. of Rev. Robert Breck. She d. Jan. 13, 1729, and he ra. 3d, Elizabeth . She d. Aug. 9, 1775. He was a prorainent citizen, and filled many important town offices. He attain ed the rank of colonel, and in 1775, commanded the 3d regiment of militia of Middlesex and Worcester. He was also a justice of the peace. He d. July 10, 1781, aged 86 years. Isaac, b. , 1716; d. July 18, 1716. Elizabeth, b. June 18, 1723; d. July 14, 1723. \ Abralmm, b. Feb. 25, 1727; grad. H. C., 1744. He was a clergyman. {Larkin, b. Dec. 29, 1728; ra. Oct. 26, 1757, Anna Warren. William, b. Aug. 22, I73I ; ra. Nov. 19, 1761, Betty McPherson. Moses, b. Aug. 5, 1732 ; d. June 26, 1802, aged 69. .Elizabeth, b. Aug. 23, 1733; m. May 3, 1759, Daniel Payne. Breck, b. Aug. 23, 1734 ; d. Sept 3, 1734. Abigail, b. Jan. 10, 17.36; probably d. young. t Georg-e, b. Dec. 27, 1736; ra. Aug. 30, 1759, Mary McPherson. Maiy, b. May 27, 1739 ; ra. Feb. 6, 1766, Cyprian Howe, his 2d wife. WUliam, b. March — , 1740; m. Jan. 5, 1763, Phebe Rice, and had Phebe, b. 1764. Catharine, b. Dec. 17, 1741 ; m. May 25, 1769, William Smith. Ephraim, b. Nov. 12, 1743. 22 Paul, b. Oct. 12, 1744. Lucy, b. March 22, 1747. Boardman, b. Jan. 12, 1754 ; d. May 3, 1777. Abraham Williams m. 1751, Mrs. Anna Buckminster, of Framing ham. He was ordained at Sandwich, 1749, and d. at Framingham, Aug. 8, 1784, aged 58. Larkin Williams m. Oct. 26, 1757, Anna Warren, dau. of John and Zipporah Warren. He raoved to Chester about 1774, where his last children were born, and where he probably died. Anna, b. July 13, 1758 ; d. June 26, 1763. Ephraim, b. Nov. 18, 1759. 27 John, b. Jan. 23, 1761. Larkin, b. Oct. 8, 1765. Louisa, b. Sept. 7, 1767; m. Feb. 10, 1791, Stephen Hudson. George, b. March 23, 1769 ; d. at Newfane, Vt Anna, b. Dec. 17, 1773. WUliam. H., b. ; he settied in Newfane, Vt, and gave the name of " Williamsville " to the place of his residence. William Williams ra. Nov. 19, 1761, Betty McPherson. \Tlwmas, b. June 17, 1762; ra. Mary BaU. Abraham, b. Dec. 29, 1763 ; m. 1785, Lydia Bigelow. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 2, 1766. 36 Mary, b. Dec. 30, 1773. 471 7-17- 12-33- 1- 2 3 456 7 89 10 1-3- 3-11 1213 1415 16 17 3-12- 12-19 20 21 3-14- 24 George Williams m. 1759, Mary McPherson, and had Catharine b. June 13, 1760, m. Nov. II, 1783, SUas Gates; and Lucrece. b. Nov. 9, 1762, m. Feb. 25, I78I, Samuel Gates. Capt George Wil liams d. June 2, 1813, aged 77. Thomas Williams m. Mary Ball, and had Elizabeth, b. June 22, 1784; Mary B., b. April 4. 1786; Catharine, b. May 3, 1789; JVewell, b. July I3,"I79I ; Louisa B., b. Aug. 3, 1793, ra. 1828, Benjamin B. Hammond; William McP., b. Aug. 16, 1796. He d. May 3, 1833, aged 70 years. There was a William Williams early in Marl, who raay have been a connection of Abrahara, and who by his wife Elizabeth, had two sons, as by record. Thomas, b. Sept. 10, 1692; and Abralmm, b. April 15, 169-. Genealogy not traceable. There was another famUy of Williamses which came into town later, whose ancestry is not ascertained. Joseph Williams m. Lydia , and had a numerous family. She probably died, and he m. May 28, 1766, Zeruiah Johnson. Lydia, b. Nov. 10, 1741 ; m. Sept. 23, 1762, Moses Woods. j Joseph, b. June 3, 1745 ; m. April 1, 1766, Anna Stow. James, b. AprU 15, 1747; m. Dec. 2, 1762, AbigaU Ward. William, b. Dec. 6. 1748 ; moved to Wendell. Eunice, b. March 15, I75I ; ra. April 3, 1771, Elisha Rice. Lucy, b. May 30, 1753 ; m. RusseU. ? Sarah, b. March 13, 1755 ; m. May 22, 1777, WUliara Loring. Moses, b. Aug. 3, 1757 ; resided in South., and was reraarkable for size, weighing nearly 400. Patte, b. Nov. 20, 1759 ; m. AprU 30, 1780, Nathaniel P. Russell. Joseph Williams m. AprU I, 1766, Anna Stow, dau. of Samuel and Rebecca (Howe) Stow, b. Jan. 8, 1749. Samuel, b. Sept. 28, 1766 ; m. Sept. 8, 1790, Phebe Rice, dau. of Benj. ^Stephen, b. May 31, 1769 ; m. 1799, Sally Estabrook. Lydia, b. May 13, 1773 ; ra. May 1, 1800, John Howe, 3d. fbaniel, b. Oct. 29, 1775 ; ra. March II, 1804, Mary Stow; d. 1810. {Joseph, b. May 7, 1779 ; ra. Jan. 3, 1803, Mary Freeman, of South. Anna, b. Oct 15, 1781 ; d. Oct 30, 1804, aged 23, unm. Rebecca, b. Nov. 14, 1783 ; d. unm. 18 Lucy, b. Aug. I, 1790. Stephen Williams m. 1799, Sally Estabrook. He d. 1848. George, b. Sept. 29, 1800 ; m. March 24, 1823, Betsey Temple. Haniet, b. June 5, 1805; m. May 31, 1827, John Loring. Samuel S., b. May 26, 1813. 22 Daniel E., b. Dec. 22, 1815. Daniel Williams ra. March II, 1804, Mary Stow, dau. of John and Grace (Newton) Stow. He d. Oct 15, 1810. 14-23 Jo7m, b. Sept. 25, 1804 ; m. June, 1831, Ruth Travis. Carolirle, b. Jan. 27, 1808 ; d. Oct 4, 1830 25 Mary, b. May 27, I8II ; m. Nov. 13, 1832, Jacob Fairbanks. 472 2- 5 6 78 9 10 Joseph Williams m. Jan. 3, 1803, Mary Freeman, and had Mani, b. AprU 13, 1803 ; Anna, b. June 30, 1804 ; Daniel, b. March 1 1811 ; Joseph, b. Feb. 5, 1814. WILSON. — John Wilson and Edward were probably brothers, b. in Newton about 1690, children of Nathaniel, b. 1668, and Hannah (Oliver) WUson, son of Nathaniel, of Roxbury, b. 1622, and d. 1692, aged 70. Edward Wilson m. 1st, Hopestill Ward; she d. 1731, and he m. 2d, Margaret Angier. He d. 1759. He had 2 chUdren by his first wife, and 3 by his last, viz., Benjamin, b. AprU 30, 1728 ; AbigaU, h. June 5, 1729 ; Edward, b. July 12, 1733 ; Susanna, b. Dec. 18, 1735 ; Elizabeth, b. Feb. 21, 1738. John Wilson, by wife Jane , had Jane, b. March 18, I73I, and John, b. Dec. 3, 1732. William Wilson, by wife Elizabeth, had Polly R, b. Aug. 2, 1807; William, b. Oct 13, 1811; Leonard, b. Jan. 10,1813; Eliza beth, b. Nov. 29, 1814 ; Sarah C, b. Aug. 22, 1817 ; Charles F., b. Sept 21, 1819 ; Susan P., b. AprU 19, 1823. WINCHESTER.— Caleb Winchester m. I76I, Anna Smith, and had Rufus, b. Nov. 12, 1762, d. young ; Mary, b. 1765, d. young ; Caleb, b. Oct. 5, 1771 ; Rufus, b. March 8, 1774 ; Stephen, b. Jan. 11, 1776; Samuel, b. Oct 10, 1778 ; William, b. Jan. 31, 1783. Samuel Winchester, son of Caleb, ra. 1811, Sarah Farwell, and had 13 children — three at one birth, in 1822, and two at another, in 1824. This family probably descended from John Winchester, of Muddy River, (Brighton,) who d. April 25, 1694, aged fourscore and up wards. THE WITHERBEE FAMILY. John Witherbee, of Sud. and Mari., by his wife Mary had several children whose births are recorded. '[Joseph, b. Sept. 18, 1672 ; ra. Elizabeth Johnson. Jo7m, b. March 36, 1675. '[Thomas, b. Jan. 5, 1678 ; m. Feb. 20, 1699, Hannah Woods. Joseph Witherbee m. Feb. 9, 1699, Elizabeth Johnson. moved to Framingham, where he was constable in 1712. Caleb, b. Jan. 5, 1701 ; ra. Jan. 12, 1736, Joanna Wheeler. Thankful, b. May 10, 1703 ; m. Sept 14, 1735, Isaac Bellows. Joseph, b. Feb. 30, 1704 ; ra. June 3, 1730, Unity Arasden. Hepzibah, b. Feb. 14, 1706; m. Nov. 16, 1727, Robert Sennet. Deborah, b. Dec. 23, 1709. Elizabeth, b. Sept. 16, 1714 ; m. Dec. 3, 1741, Nathan Rice. He 473 Thomas Witherbee m. Feb. 20, 1699, Hannah Woods, dau. of John and Lydia Woods. He d. Jan. 23, 1713, aged 35, and she m. Aug. 8, 1716, Moses Leonard. Mary, b. June 10, 1700. Tlwmas, b. March 4, 1705. Silas, b. July 20, 1707 ; m. Thankful Submit, b. March 9, 1710. 12 Hannah, b. June 3, 1702. settled in Grafton. The Witherbees have been somewhat numerous in Stow, South., and Shrewsbury ; probably all from the same stock. Caleb Witherbee, b. in South., April 3, 1779, was son of Zac cheus. He m. Sept. 6, 1801, Hepzibah Brigham, b. in South., May 7, 1781, dau. of Elijah Brigham. He came to Marl, in 1806, where he spent his days, and d. Jan. 3, 1853, aged 74. Jabez S., b. Sept 12, 1802 ; ra. June 1, 1826, Harriet Brigham, dau. of Capt. Daniel. He is a prominent citizen, has filled important town offices, and is a justice of the peace. He resides at the old Wil liams Tavern Stand, by the Pond. Elijah B., b. July 19, 1804; m. 1829, Louisa Brigham, dau. of Abner, moved to Mich., and d. at Flint, Feb. 26, 1847. JVancy M., b. Dec. 3, 1806 ; d. Nov. II, 1807. JVancy M., b. Oct 19, 1808 ; d. Nov. 21, 1829, unra. JVahum, b. AprU 12, 18II ; m. April 30, 1835. Dennis, b. July 25, 1813; ra. May 20, 1835, Charlotte Stevens; d. 1857. John B., b. June 10, 1816. Sarah B., b. Oct 26, 1818 ; d. Sept 27, 1840. William Wallace, b. Feb. 21, 1821 ; ra. 1845, Elizabeth G. Brighara. THE WITT FAMILY. The Record of the Witt famUy is very imperfect. I have been able to glean only the following : John Witt was in Lynn in 1640. He had two wives, and d. 1775, leaving several dau. and at least two sons. \John, b. ; ra. Elizabeth Baker. Thomas, b. ; m. Feb. 26, 1675, Bethia Potter. John Witt m. Jan. 14, 1676, Elizabeth Baker. They resided in Lynn, where their children were born, a part only of whom are re corded. The following were their chUdren. Elizabeth, b. 1677. w -^^ f ;::^^^'^ ' ^0^ ^- \John, b. June 3, 1679; m. MaV ^ 6 Mary, b. Aug. 14, 1681. Jonathan, b. ; ra. in Mari. Lydia Matthews. jSamuel, b. ; m. Ist, Elizabeth Breed, and 2d, Susanna Pierce. \Thomas, b. ; m. Martha Wood. John Witt m. Mary He probably came to Mari. about 1707 We have no record of his death, though the settieraent ot his estate fixes the time at 1743. His will, dated March 16, 1741, and 474 5-10 II12 13141516 17 2-7- 8-19 20 21 2-9- 5-12- 5-16- 8-19- proved May 16, 1743, mentions wife Mary, sons WiUiam, Elias, Jo seph, John and Ebenezer, and dau. Mary Dike, and Elizabeth, and grand dau. Rebecca Goodale. He settled on the Indian Plantation in the north-easterly part of the town, where his descendants have always remained. William, b. May 13, 1708 ; no further record. Maiy, b. July 29, 1710 ; m. Sept. 26, 1734, Daniel Dike. jElias, b. June 31, 1714 ; m. March 31, 1742, Elizabeth Marble. Rebecca, b. Feb. 2, I7I5 ; m. Jan. 17, 1733, Eleazer Goodale, of Sutton. Joseph, b. Sept 11, 1718 ; no further record. David, b. AprU 11, 1720; m. Sarah , and had Thomas, b. Sept II, 1745. '[Ebenezer, bap. June 22, 1722 ; m. Lydia Woodbury. Elizabeth, b. ; m. Benoni Bayley .' 18 Jo7m, b. . Jonathan Witt m. Feb. 8, 1713, Lydia Matthews, dau. of John and Lydia. He resided in the south part of the town, and was set off with Southborough, and hence we have no full record of the family in MarL His chUdren recorded in Marl, were Mary, b. Sept 17, 1715; Jonatlmn, b. AprU 29, 1718 ; Oliver, b. Oct. 26, 1720 ; David, b. April 9, 1723; Sarah, b. March 26, 1727. Samuel Witt ra. I7I6, Elizabeth Breed, who d. May 22, 1754; and he m. Mrs. Susanna (Marrett) Pierce, wid. of Samuel Pierce. He d. Sept. 29, 1779. She d. April 25, 1789. He was a prominent man in the town, and represented Marl, in the General Court twenty- three years, and hence was generaUy known by the appellation of " Deputy." \Samuel, b. March 24, I7I8 ; m. Sarah Goodale. AbigaU, b. July 6, I72I ; m. Jan. 27, 1748, Jason Bigelow, and resided in North Brookfield. ^Josiah, b. March 26, 1724 ; m. Elizabeth Eames. Thomas Witt m. 1719, Martha Wood. He d. before 1739, and Samuel was appointed guardian of two of his children. He had Martlm, bap. Sept. II, 1723; Elizabeth, bap. June 9, 1735; Josiah, bap. Dec. 20, 1726; Hannah, bap. Aug. 7, 1728; Mary. His wid. settled his estate. She m. again, and moved to Goshen, Ct. Elias Witt ra. March 31, 1742, Elizabeth Marble. He served in several carapaigns in the French and Indian wars. He had six chil dren, viz. Alpheus, b. June 23, 1742; Olive, b. Sept. 3, 1744, m. 1778, Joseph Longbridge ; Elias, b. July 2, 1746 ; Zacclieus, b. Jan. 1, 1749 ; Elizabeth, b. Jan. 7, I75I ; Sybil, b. Dec. 7, 1753, d. Feb. 16, 1755. Ebenezer Witt ra. Jan. 7, 1747, Lydia Woodbury, of Wenham, and raoved to Oxford ; he d. and his brother-in-law Dike, administered upon his estate, 1760. He had in Marl. Sarah, b. AprU 12, 1750 ; JVaomi, b. April 26, 1751, m. Reuben Lamson ; Lydia, b. Sept. 26, 1755. He may have had other children in Oxford. His family proba bly took the narae of De Witt. Samuel Witt ra. at the advanced age of 63, Sarah Goodale. He had no children. His will, dated 1789, and proved Oct 12, 1791, raentions sister Abigail Bigelow, brother Josiah, and nephew Samuel Witt, Jr., whom he brought up. He held a commission of captain. 475 8-21- 21-22 23 2425262728 29 21-22- 22-30 31 32 33 21-25- 25-34 3536 37 38 Josiah Witt m. May 30, I75I, Elizabeth Eames. She d. Nov. 4, 1793. His will, dated June 7, 1803, mentions sons Ebenezer, Silas, Samuel, Josiah, and John, and dau. Elizabeth Randall, Mary, and Susanna. f Ebenezer, b. Oct. 23, 1755 ; ra. Sarah Goodnow. SUas, b. Dec. 16, 1758; m. March 12, 1801, Catharine Dexter; and had Catharine, b. June 10, 1805, who m. Ist, John Y. Tenny, and 2d, Emerson Spofford, of Beriin. Silas Witt d. I8I3. Mary, b. Sept. 25, 1759 ; d. April, 1830, unm., aged 71. jSamuel, b. Nov. 18, 1763; m. Oct 30, 1787, Lucy Adams. Susanna, b. Dec. 12, 1769; m. Dr. John Hunter, of Henniker, N.H. Josiah, b. ; m. 1786, Sarah Swan, of Stow, and raoved to Brook field. John, b. ; m. Anna Bayley, of Stow. Elizabeth, b. ; ra. Silas Randall, and resided in Stow. There is no kcord of the birth of the three last-named chUdren. Ebenezer Witt m. Oct. 23, 1785, Sarah Goodnow, of Stow. He d. 1840, aged 85 years. He resided at FeltonvUle. She d. Feb. 4, 1837. Mary, b. July 17, 1787; ra. July 27, 1803, Thomas Hapgood, and had Elvira, b. Nov. 9, 1803, d. young ; Ira, b. Jan. 17, 1805 ; Elvira, b. Sept. 15, 1806 ; GUman, b. Feb. I, 1809 ; Mary Ann, b. July 20, 1813 ; Haniet, b. Jan. 4, 1817 ; WiUiam George, b. Dec. 2, 1819 ; Thomas E., b. May II, 1824. Elizabeth, b. Nov. 24, 1790 ; m. March 7, 1808, Abner C. Dunn. They had Daniel W., b. Oct. 20, 1808 ; William G., b. Sept. 18, 1813 ; ^iner C, b. May 2, 1817 ; Ebenezer- W., b. Oct. 4, 1823, and six daughters. Sarah, b. June 33, 1794 ; ra. March 38, 1816, Lewis Howe, and had Lewis, b. 1817, and Mary A., b. I8I8. Ebenezer, b. May 1 1, 1797 ; m. Sept. 26, 1822, Adaline Bigelow, dau. of WUliara Bigelow, and had John Y., b. 1823 ; George D., b. 1826 ; Charles E., b. 1828 ; Francis E., b. 1830, and three daughters. Samuel Witt m. Oct. 30, 1787, Lucy Adaras, of Acton. He d. May 30, 1847, aged 84. She d. July 7, 1847, aged 88. Samuel, b. Dec. 9, 1791 ; ra. Sarah Eaton, of Framingham, and moved to Shrewsbury ; is a deacon there, and had his name changed to De Witt. Solomon, b. Dec. II, 1793 ; d. Feb. 7, 1800. Charles, b. Nov. 17, 1795 ; he went to Georgia, where he settled, and has been Judge of Probate and of the Coramon Pleas Court. Dwight, b. Sept 22, 1797 ; m. Abigail Estabrook, of Paxton, AprU 19, 1826. She d. Oct 10, 1857. He has had a family of ten children. Susan, b. May 25, 1800; ra. Joseph Bayley ; resides in W. Newbury. There have been other Witts in MarL, which I ara not able to trace- Isaiah Witt m. Feb. 28, 1748, Deborah Stewart, and had Martha, b. Aug. 6, 1748, and Artemas, b. Aug. 13, 1750. Asa Witt m. Lydia Woods, and had Asa, b. Nov. 17, 1803, and three others, who d. young. 61 476 1- 2 2- 3 4507 8 2-7- 7-9 9-10 13 9-13- 13-14 15 16 171819 20 13-19- 19-21 22 23 24 13-20- THE WOOD FAMILY. William Wood came to this country in 1038, and d. in Concord, 1671, leaving an only son. He raay have been the William Wood who was the Author of " New England's Prospects," printed in Lon don, 1634, though it is hardly probable. Michael Wood, b. — name I have not learned. - ; d. in Concord, May 13, 1674. His wife's He left several children. AbigaU, b. 1672. Abraham, b. ; and rera'd to Sudbury, where he had a large family. Isaac, b. ; m. and had a family in Concord. Thompson, b. . \Jacob, b. March 8, 1662 ; m. Mary Wheeler. John, b. ; m. and had John, b. 1680. Jacob Wood ra. Mary Wheeler, and had a family of chUdren. Ephraim, b. Feb. 4, 1702; m. Mary Buss, and had, in Concord, several sons, and probably daughters. He d. 1789. Oliver, b. 1730. II Ephraim, b. 1733. 12 ^mos,b.l737. \Peter, b. June 23, 1740 ; ra. Nov. 22, 1764, Sybil Howe. Peter Wood m. Nov. 22, 1764, SybU Howe,, dau. of Thomas Howe, of Mari., b. May 1, 1740. He came to Mari. when a young man. In 1766, he purchased land of Joseph Williams, and resided many years thereon ; it being the late Ephraim Howe place. He be came a prominent raan in the town, and in the church. He d. March 5, 1820, aged 79. He was commissioned 1783 by Gov. Hancock, as a magistrate, and for many years performed most of the business in that line in the place. She d. July 23, 1822, aged 81. Aaron, b. Dec. 18, 1765 ; d. young. Dorothy, b. Nov. 30, 1767 ; ra. Abner Brigham ; d. July 6, 1854, set 87. Thomas, b. March 27, 1770 ; ra. 1792, Dorothy Sawin, moved to Canada. Martlm, b. Feb. 14, 1772; ra. 1796, Jaraes Henderson, of NorUiboro'. Anna, b. Nov. 8, 1773 ; ra. I79I, Windsor Stratton. \Moses, b. Sept. 24, 1775 ; ra. Rebecca Turner. {jedediah, b. May 16, 1777 ; m. Betsey WUkins. MosES Wood m. Rebecca Turner. He d. Oct 5, 1859, aged 84. Helona, b. Feb. 23, 1804 ; m. Sept. 19, 1833, Nathan Cooledge. Alma A., b. Feb. 19, 1806 ; ra. AprU 17, 1823, Loring Cox. Amelia, b. June 1, 1813 ; d. Feb. 15, 1815. Frederick, b. Feb. 18, 1822; d. May 17, 1833. 20-25 Jedediah Wood m. Sept 6, I80I, Betsey Wilkins, dau. of Edward and Sarah WUkins. She d. Oct. 7, 1855, aged 73. He resides at Feltonville, and for many years carried on the cloth-dressing business. He commanded a military corapany, has been a prominent citizen, and is still living, one of the oldest raen in the place. WUliam Henry, b. March 3, 1802 ; ra. Nov. 5, 1826, Caroline Hender son. He is a trader at Feltonville ; has been a colonel in the militia, is a justice of the peace, and has filled important town offices. 477 He resides on the spot where the first house in the village was probably erected, and where Robert Barnard and his son Joel re sided and kept a public house. The site is in the fork of the roads in the midst of the village, and hence is in a comraanding position. He has erected on the site a large buUding, containing a dwelling house, and a store, and from its size, architecture, and position, presents one of the most attractive objects in the business part of the viUage. The foUowing is a view of the buUding. fl. -f" ¦ !¦ 26272829 3031 1- 2 345 Betsey, b. Jan. 25, 1804 ; m. March 8, 1822, Sarauel Arnold. Maria Louisa, b. March 22, I8I0 ; d. July 1,3, 1813. Sophronia, b. May 17, 1812; d. Aug. 18, 1829. Elbridge G., b. Sept 2, 1814; m. 1st, Almira Bush, of Bolton; 2d, Sarah Priest, of Boxborough, and 3d, Olla Higgins, of Warwick. Alonzo, b. Aug. 17, 1817. Franklin, b. July 1, 1820; d. Sept. 13, 1824. THE WOODS FAMILY. Whether the name Wood and Woods were originally one, or not, the famUies in Marl, bearing these names, have a diflferent origin, and have always been distinct in town. John Woods, Sen., of Sudbury, was one of the petitioners for the township of Marl., shared in the first division of the land, and was one of the prominent men in the place. He was on the board of selectmen in 1663, '64, and '65 ; and was one of the early members of the church. His will, dated Nov. 26, 1677, and proved March 8, 1678, mentions sons, John, Isaac, and James, wife, father Parminter, and son-in-law, John Bellows. It is probable that he m. Mary Parminter, who d. Aug. 17, 1690, aged 80 years. He had at least three sons and one daughter. '[John, b. July 18, 1647 ; d. AprU 5, 1716. {Isaac, b. ; d. July 18, 1720 ; was twice married. t James, b. ; m. 1678, Hopestill Ward ; d. I7I8, aged 73. Mary, b. ¦ ; ra. John Bellows, and d. Sept. 16, l707. 478 1-3- 2- 6 78 9 10 II13 13 14 1-3- 3-15 1617 19 302223 1-4- 4-25 26272829 3-6- 6-30 31 33 2-13- 13-34 35 3638 John Woods m. Lydia . He d. April 5, 1716, aged 69. She d. Sept. 34, 1723. He was a raan of some prominence, was elected deacon of Mr Brimsmead's church in 1704. fJoAn, b. AprU 20, 1670 ; ra. 1st, Martha , and 2d, Patience . Lydia, b. July 11, 1672. Hannah, b. Aug. 4, 1677; ra. Feb. 20, 1699, Thoraas Witherbee. Joseph, b. May 10, 1680 ; d. young. Joseph, b. Sept. 5, 1682 ; d. Aug. 30, 1698. Sarah, b. AprU 23, 1685; m. March 29, 1710, Simon Gates. Silence, b. June 27, 1688. \Benjamin, b. June 5, 1691 ; ra. Aug. 9, 1717, Elizabeth Morge. James, b. Oct 30, 1694. Isaac Woods ra. Mary . She d. Feb. 3, 1689, and he m. May 8, 1700, Mary Pairbank.s, of Sherborn. He d. July 18, 1720. His will, dated June 8, 1720, mentions wife Mary, and dau. Mary and Elizabeth, by a former wife, and sons Isaac and Joseph, Charles and Solomon.Ephraim, b. March 14, 1685; d. Sept. 37, 1698. Many, b. March 13, 1687 ; ra. Abijah Bruce. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 1, 1689. 18 Isaac, b. April II, 1701. Margaret, b. July II, 1703; d. March 12, 17I9. Joseph, b. Aug. 20, 1705. 21 Dinah, b. Oct 31, 1708. Bethia, b. Nov. 11, 1710 ; d. June 29, 1715. Charles, b. AprU 28, 1714. 24 Solomon, b. Oct 13, I7I7. James Woods m. May 33, 1678, HopestUl Ward, dau. of William and Elizabeth Ward, b. Feb. 24, 1646. He d. Aug. 7, 1718. Shed. Dec. 23, 1718, aged 73. He was chosen deacon of the church, I7I6. By her will his wife gave £5 to the church for the relief of its poor members. Bethia, b. Sept 14, 1679 ; d. Dec. 12, 1695, unra. Mary, b. May 29, 1681 ; d. young. Mary, b. Feb. 5, 1683 ; d. young. James, b. Oct. 1 1, 1685 ; d. in infancy. fJames. b. Oct II, 1687; m. March 19, 1719, Dorothy Barnes. John Woods m. Martha . She d. AprU 1, 1697, and he m. about 1711, Patience . \David, b. Jan. 5, 1696 ; m. Jan. 26, 1735, Ruth Johnson. John, b. March 38, 1697 ; d. 1699. Ephraim, b. May 5, 1713. 33 John, b. June 30, 1714. Benjamin Woods ra. Aug. 8, 1717, Elizabeth Morse, dau. of Joseph and Grace, b. Jan. 4, 1700. His wUl, dated March 13, and proved April 13, 1758, furnishes the only date of his death. He was a lead ing mtin in the town and church, and was one of his Majesty's mag istrates. Elizabeth, b. March 38, 1719 ; ra. Nov. 24, 1747, Samuel Brigham, Esq. Benjamin, b. Nov. II, 1720 ; grad. H. C. 1739 ; d. 1761. Francis, b. Feb. 21, 1723. 37 Fortunatus, b. Feb. 13, 1725. \Alpheus, b. Feb. 28, 1727 ; ra. 1st, Sept. 8, 1746, MUlicent Howe, and 'id, Sarah Bent. 479 39 4041 42 4344 4-29- 29-45 4647 484950515253 54 6-30- 30-55 13-38- 38-56 5758 5960616263 65 66 13-42- 42-68 70 29-48- 48-71 29-51- 51-73 74 75 76 Anne, b. Sept. 3, 1729. Sarah, b. Sept. 2, I73I ; ra. 1755, Jona. Tainter. Catharine, b. April 4, 1733 ; m. Antipas Brigham. \John, b. Jan. 1, 1735 ; m. May 29, 1764, Zeruiah Barnes. Lydia, b. Oct. 17, 1736 ; ra. Feb. 7, 1754, Ebenezer Dexter. Timothy, b. Oct 12, 1738 ; d. March II, 1740. James Woods m. March 19, 1719, Dorothy Barnes. She d. Nov. 10, 1734, aged 37, and he m. Jan. 26, 1736, Hepzibah Eager. She d. Dec. 31, 1768, aged 67. He was elected deacon, 1741. Lie d. AprU 10, 1772. David, b. June 12, 1720; m. May 10, 1744, Martha Wheeler. James, b. Dec. 9, 1722 ; m. Nov. 5, 1747, Anna Stevens. Lydia, b. Aug. 20, 1725 ; d. June 12, 1726. ^Jonatlmn, b. Dec. 19, 1728; m. Lydia . Hepzibah, b. Nov. 26, 1736 ; d. at Hardwick, 1787. Aaron, b. March 20, 1738. jMoses, b. Nov. 6, 1739; m. Sept. 23, 1763, Lydia WiUiams. Georg-e, b. Oct. 31, 1741 ; m. Feb. 18, 1763, Mehitabel Stow. Dorothy, b. Oct 15, 1743; ra. Nov. 10, 1763, Stephen Rice. Lucy, b. Sept. 14, 1747 ; m. Dec. 16, 1773, Thoraas Hapgood. David Woods m. Jan. 36, 1725, Ruth Johnson. David, b. Feb. 14, 1727. Alpheus Woods m. Sept. 8, 1746, MUlicent Howe, dau. of Jona than and Sarah Howe. She d. April 16, 1781, and he ra. April 13, 1784, Sarah Bent, who d. Feb. 16, 1825, aged 90. He d. Dec. 12, 1794. Sarah, b. Feb. 10, 1748. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 10, 1750; d. March 9, 1759. John Waldo, b. May 1, 1752. Caroline, b. Sept. 30, 1754 ; m. Nov. 17, 1778, Jaraes Smith. Matilda, b. Jan. 19, 1757 ; m. April 20, 1780, Asa Barnes. Lydia, b. AprU 5, 1759; m. Jan. 3, 1785, Asa Witt. WiUiam Henn/, b. July 25, 1761. Benjamin, b. Nov. 24, 1763. 64 Samuel T., b. March 26, 1766. Daniel, b. Sept. L5, 1768 ; grad. H. C, 1795 ; d. at Roxbury, 1850. Elizabeth, b. AprU 2, 1771. 67 James G., b. May 23, 1773. John Woods ra. May 29, 1764, Zeruiah Barnes. John, b. AprU 14, 1765. Edward, b. AprU 6, 1769. 69 Elizabeth, b. Jan. 17, 1767 Jonathan Woods m. Lydia . Eunice, b. Sept. 7, 1749. 72 Relief b. March 16, 1751. Moses Woods m. Sept 23, 1762, Lydia Williams. She d. Aug. 29, 1830, aged 86. He d. Jan. 14, 1821, aged 81. Mary, b. Dec. 19, 1762 ; ra. May 3, 1783, John Dexter, Jr. Lydia, b. Sept. 18, 1765. L«cy, b. Dec. 19, 1774 ; ra. June 34, 1809, John Maynard. Sarah, b. June 15, 1776; ra. Jan., 1795, Joseph Brigham. 77 78 480 James, b. Nov. 7, 1779 ; ra. July 9, 1809, Anna Boyd, and had Jtfojfj b. Oct 17, 1809; James E., b. Jan. 16, 1813; William B.,h Feb' 10, 1814 ; George E., b. AprU 17, 1816 ; Lydia A., b. July 5, 1818* Henn/ V., b. Feb. 19, 1831 ; Erastus S., b. Dec. 13, 1823. Elizabeth, b. March 5, 1788. WYMAN. — The name of Wyman appears a few times on the Marl. records. Two individuals of this name were in Charlestown in 1640. Immediately after, John and Francis Wyman are found in Woburn, where they raarried and had large families, and were probably the ancestors of most the Wymans in New England. JVathaniel Wyman and David Wynmn, sons of Nathaniel, of Hopkinton, came to Mari. ui 1754, the former thirteen years of age, and the latter about eight David ra. Nov. 7, 1771, Lucy Brigham, dau. of Abraham and Phebe (Martin) Brigham. He probably removed to Marblehead. There is no record of their children in Marl. Subsequently they returned to Marl, where they both died, as appears by the obituary notices. Lucy Wyman, wife of David Wyman, d. June 8, 1835, aged 81. David Wyman, d. Feb. 3, 1838, aged 86. Asenath Wyman, (supposed to be the oldest child of the above,) d. Nov. 21, 1857, aged 85; burnt to death. Note. — The multiplicity of figures in the foregoing genealogies, renders it next to impossible to avoid all errors, notwithstanding the utmost care of the Author and Printer. The following errors have been discovered, and are hereby corrected. Page 318, No. 60, for ' 1720,' read ' 1770.' " 318, No. 63, for ' Hager,' read ' Eager.' " 321, No. 2, 2d, for ' 1688,' read ' 1668.' " 334, No. 3-8-,for ' 1647,' read • 1747." " 336, No. 51, for ' m. 1751,' read ' 1757.' " 358, No. 2i, for ' Lucy Weeks,' read ' Mary Clark.' " 384, No. 18-39, for ' Dec. 6, 1711,' read ' n8L' " 395, No. 73, for ' d. Feb. 4, 1828,' read ' Sept. 5, 1851." " 396, No. 138, for ' Gales,' read ' Gates.' " 416, No. 15, for ' Howe,' read ' Stow.' " 440, No. 214, for ' AprU 4,' read ' April 1.' " 464, No. 16, for * Banker,' read * Bowker.' INDEX TO THE GENEALOGIES. In the follcwiog Index, the names of the Families, which are arranged in alphabetical order, are printed in Small Capitals, and the page or pages occupied by each family, respectively, are set against them. The names which follow the families, and are arranged in alphabetical order, are of those, whether male or female, who have intermarried with some member of the family, and the figures set against their name refer to the consecutive number of each family, against which the name will be found. Names having more than one number against them, denote that different persons, of the same surname, married into the family. In a few instances, distinct families of the same name, have the same numbers. Hence both numbers should be consulted. Persons marrying those of the same surname are omitted in the index. Adams, p. 308 Alcocke, 308 Palsgrave. Alexandek, 308 Smith. Allen, 308 Joslin, Loring, Weeks. Amsden, 308, 309 Beaman, No. 3, 6 Edward, 27 Francis, 3 Howe, 5, 23 Martin, 3 Morse, 26, 27 Newton, 7 Reed, 2 Kobinson, 25 Rutter. 1 Wetherby, 12 Wheeler, 11 Whitcomb, 26 Angieh, 309 Arnold, 309, 310 Barnes, 2, 16, 17 Bigelow, 10, 11 Darling, 5 Dunton, 23 Gates, 3 Hager, 6 Hill, 7 Howe, 18 Huntington, 25 Johnson, 13, 15 Parminter, 19 Rice, 3 Tainter, 12 Temple, 9 Wood, 20 Axtell, 310, 311 Barker, 3 Hayden, 7, 8 Newton, 2 Badcock, 311 Bains, 330 Bakee, 311 Harris, 19 Harwood, 2 Hayden, 18 HiU, 26 Howe, 11 Mann, 20 Moulton, 3 Osborn, 27 Perry, 7 Phelps, 24 Putnam, 17 Stow, 25 Taylor, 8 Temple, 22 Wetherby, 15 Banistee, 312 Barker, 6 Barnes, 21 Bigelow, 23 Eager, 2 Goodnow, 1 Hayward, 6 Holland, 13 Hudson, 10 Maynard, 11 Park, 20 Rich, 9 Taylor, 8 Baeeek, 312 Crosby, Hapgood, Howe, Manson. Baekee, 313 Walkut. Baenaed, 313, 314 Babcock, 3-5 Bailey, 5, 10 Bruce, 25, 28 Eames, 31 Gates, 27 Goddard, 33 Guliker, 21 Howe, 2, 14, 22, 29, 36 Kendall, 20 Nurse, 12 Osgood, 5 Priest, 13 Robinson, 32 Russell, 16 Stevens, 11, 18, 19 Ward, 37 Wheeler, 17 Wilkins, 26 Baenes, 314—319 Arnold, 56, 90, 95 Banister, 37 Barce, 44 Bent, 7 Bigelow. 28, 85 Bishop, 78 Bowker, 33 Brigham, 16, 22, 25, 26, 46, 47, 48, 64, 58 Buckminster, 14 Bush, 74 Cranston, 16 Crosby, 70 Cunningham, 75 Davis, 83 Dix, 1, 2 Eager, 12,63 Felton, 63 Forbush, 15 Goodnow, 1 Hapgood, 24, 86 Hide, 3 HoUister, 41 Hosmer, 30, 32 Howe, 2, 19, 45, 50, 57, 65, 73, 76, 80, 102 Johnson, 81 Jones, 4 Leonard, 20 Merriam, 36 Morse, 10 Newton, 72 Park, 64 Potter, 82 Proctor. 84 Ray, 53 Rice, 6, 15, 16, 23, 26 Smith, 21 Souther, 25 Stevens, 18, 21, 39 Stimpson, 3 Stow, 66, 69 Walker, 12 Ward, 6 Warren, 31 Weeks, 7, 19, 52 Woods, 11, 27, 42, 43 Baestow, 320 Howe. 482 Baeeett, 321 Bush, 5 Howe, 3, 5 Rice, 4 Stow, 2 Tailor, 7 Tainter, 11 Whitney, 9 Baetlett, 320, 321 Clisbee, 30, 31 Howe, 3, 9, 28 Joiner, 15 Oaks, 21 Prentiss, 2 Saunders, 10 Stratton, 13 Bayley, 321, 322 Howe, Stevens. Beaman, 322 Amsden, 5 Brigham, 11, 15 Fay, 16 Gates, 13 Howe, 4, 9, 10 Jewel, 14 Loring, 17 Parker, 12 Rice, 6 Williams, 2 Bellows, 322, 323 Burton, 7 Eddy, 19, 21 Gibbs, 33 Gleason, 20 Johnson, 3, 31 Larkin, 1? Maverick, 28 Wheeler, 18 Willis, 10 Witherbee, 8 Wood, 1 Bent, 324, 325 Barnes, 8 Brigham, 27 Fay, 19 Howe, 1 Rice, 1 Walker, 24 Woods, 18 Sendee, 325 Barnard, 2 Brigham, 1 Curtis, 6 Green, 5 Greenough, 6 Huntington, 6 Sawyer, 10 Bigelow, 325—329 Ames, 110 Arnold, 62 Banister, 46 Barnes, 51, 87 Bartlett, 88 Bemis, 1 Bond, 16 Bowker, 23 Brigham, 20, 22, 3i 78, 112 Bruce, 9 I, 63, Butler, 2 CoUens, 76 Dean, 60 Dickinson, 115 Eager, 53 Eames, 61 Felton, 109 Flagg, 6, 6 Garfield, 8 Gibbon, 124 Gleason, 10, 64 Goddard, 39, 102 Graves, 31 Hager, 40 Hapgood, 89, 101, 104 Harrington, 62 Hathron, 30 Hemmenway, 32, 35 Howe, 11, 19, 21, 25, 45, 56, 66, 77, 90, 93, 113, 117, 120 Langdon, 28 Lewis, 70 Livermore, 12 Matthews, 18 Mead, 44 Nichols, 121 Pratt, 4 Reed, 79 Rice, 74, 111, 116, 123 Sawyer, 106, 108 Smith, 81 Stearns, 17 Stow, 118, 119 Thomas, 27 Ward, 29 Warren, 1, 10, 15 Weeks, 47, 69, 83 Wilder, 66 Witt, 34, 94 Bond, 330 Adams, 8 Babcock, 2 Biscoe. Chamberlain, 4 Cooledge. Forbes. Hemenway, 6 Lecain, 5 Mahan, 7 Rice, 1, 9 BowKEK, 330, 331 Barnes.Bigelow, 2 Eager, 5 Forbush, 3 Gates, 4 Howe, 1, 7 Rice, 6 Weeks.Wheeler, 14 Boyd, 331, 332 Bennett, 18 Bridge, 17 Brigham, 7, 19 Eames, 2 Fales, 24 Felton, 25 Forbes, 2 Glenn, 1 Hitchcock, 15, 16 Hunter, 2 Morse, 5 Phelps, 11 Rice, 8 Sumner, 12 Tainter, 21 Woods, 13 Beadish, 332 Rice. Beeck, 332 Gott, 3 Parkman, 5 Wainwright, 1 WiUiams, 2 Beigham, 332—345 Alien, 89. 115, 286 Arnold, 230 Atkins, 294 Babcock, 189, 282 Baker, 2, 270 Ball, 1, 122, 249 Barnes, 105, 107, 112, 157, 160, 167, 168, 179, 278, 288 Barrett, 243 Bayley, 66, 187 Beaman, 83 Bent, 4, 113 Bigelow, 50, 51, 80, 222, 233, 265, 267, 300 Bowker, 4, 19 Boyd, 64, 159 Bragg, 41, 62 Bremer, 280 Brown, 79, 315 Bruce, 284 BuUard, 301 Cary, 232 Chamberlain, 1 Chase, 273 Church, 48 Collins, 123 Crossman, 16 Cunningham, 198 Davis, 120 Day, 224 Dickenson, 269 Eames, 199 Fay, 10, 16, 126, 261, 293, 312 Felch, 305 Felton, 300 Fosgate, 297 FuUer, 228 Gates, 213, 246, 248 Gilson, 263 Gleason, 196, 242 Goodnow, 15 Gott, 59, 61, 125 Graves, 149 Hager, 36 Hapgood, 314 HaskeU, 237 Hawes, 129 Hobart, 290 Houghton, 14 Howe, 6, 11, 17, 18, 25, 26, 43, 63, 96, 102, 136, 220, 264, 257, 260, 283, 285, 299 Hubbard, 7 483 Hudson, 121 Hunt, 1 Hurd, 1 Ingraham, 27 Jenks, 226 JeweU, 3 Johnson, 28 Jones, 100 KeudaU, 26 Keyes, 40 Knowlton, 306 Larkin, 251 Lewis, 162 Locker, 21 Loomis, 13 MaUard, 225, 287 Marble, 116 Martin, 71 Maybee, 304 Maynard, 22, 23, 56, 59, 95, 114, 279, 281 Moore, 21, 24 Morse, 3, 245, 263 Munroe, 9 Newton, 277 Parke, 8 Parker, 306 Patch, 264 Perry, 20, 256 Peters, 29, 266 Phelps, 19, 248 PhiUips, 124 Pierce, 227 Polly, 229 Pope, 321 Randall, 239, 318 Kice, 1, 3, 7, 15, 32, 38, 45, 47, 49, 86, 150, 164, 171, 176, 259, 319 Robinson, 22 RusseU, 215, 221 Safibrd, 132, 232 Sawyer, 250 Shattuck, 245 Smith, 28 Snow, 52, 106 Spear, 292 Stevens, 20, 97, 108, 170, 244,271 Stone, 24 Stow, 35, 181, 249 Stratton, 33, 70, 93, 110, 289, 317 SuUivan, 305 Switcher, 90 Tainter, 101 Thompson, 172 Tomblin, 89 Trowbridge, 218 Valentine, 296 Wait, 127 Walker, 23, 109 Ward, 13, 18,51,69,73,83 Warren, 37, 74, 262 Watson, 128 Weeks, 68 Wells, 5 WUkins, 155 WiUard, 39 WUUams, 98 Winslow, 291 Witherbee, 255, 307 62 Wood, 65, 183 Woods, 59, 77 Works, 235 Wright, 197, 274 Wyman, 166 Beitain, 346 Beooks, 346 Hapgood, Rice. Beown, 346, 347 Brigham, 8 Bruce. Claice. Gould, 1 Howe, 7 Lee, 6 Makepeace. Noyes, 5 Weeks, 9 Beuce, 347, 348 Bowker, 7 Brigham, 11 Brown, 23 Clisbee, 5 Eager.PlaRg, 3 JosUn. KendaU, 2 Nelson, 14 Newton, 12 Smith, 10, 12 Wilkins, 4 Woods, 3 BtJSH, 349, 350 Baker, 17 Barrett, 1 Brown, 28 Eager, 24 Fife, 29 Howe, 5, 26 Johnson, 8, 23 Jones, 31 Joslin, 4 Kidder, 13 Morse, 20 Randall, 2 Simonds, 36 Tainter, 32 Temple, 6, 41 Wheeler.Wilder, 16 Bittlee, 350 Cady, 360 Caldwell, 350 Chuech, 350, 351 Barnard, 6 Brigham, 8 Gates, 7 Howe, 5, 12 Maynard, 4 Tucker, 9 Ward, 14, 15 WUder, 2 Claek, 361 Colby, Eames, Eustis, Gould, Weeks. Cleasby, 361 Howe. Clemens, 361 Cogswell, 351 Brown, 11 Converse, 5 Cole, 6 Gibbon, 2 Munroe, 4 Sherman, 7 Weld, 12 Wilder, 10 Cotting, 351, 352 Bradley, 6 Brigham, 10 Bruce, 7 Hammett, 8 Morse, 2 Newton, 1 Tuttle, 9 Cox, 352 Bruce, Wilkins, Wood. Cranston, 352, 353 Banister, 7 Barnes, 3 Brown, 1 Dunn, 4, 14 Dunton, 4 Eager, 9 Hathron, 5 Howe, 15 Nash, 13 Phillips, 10 Ward, 12 Wilkins, 6 Ceosby, 353 Morse. Cunningham, 353 Brigham. CuETis, 353 Dexter, I Whitney, 1 Daeling, 353, 354 Arnold, 9 Bruce, 1 Fairbanks, 12 Flagg, 2 Hager, 6 Hapgood, 11 Hayden, 9 Howe, 9 Hunting, 9 Knights, 4 Rice, 3, 5 Severy, 14 WUkins, 7 Davis, 354 Bowker, Ward. Dawson, 354 Dextee, 354, 365 Bowker, 2 Colbum, 3 Curtis, 1 Howe, 1, 4 Lowe, 2 Witt, 2 Woods, 1, 4 Woodward; 5 484 Eagee, 355—367 Banister, 5 Barnes, 15, 68 Bigelow, 63 Bowker, 10 Brigham, 32 Brown, 24 Bruce, 72 Bush, 55 Clark, 62 Cranston, 61 Gates, 63 Goodnow, 42, 51 Harrington, 37 Hill, 1 Howe, 8, 21, 35 Hunting, 70 Johnson, 7, 20 Kerley, 6 Morse, 16, 85 Newton, 56 Kice, 17, 32, 82 Russell, 89 Sawyer. 83 Stow, 45 Stratton, 71 Thomas, H Walker, 60 Ward, 14, 19 Warren, 46 Woods, 2, 33, 48 Eames, 357—359 Barnard, 30 Bartlett, 13 Bigelow. 28 Boyd, 10 Brigham. 12 Brown, 23 Childs, 26 Clark, 22 Cooledge, 24 Forbush, 26 Fosket, 7 Harrington, 6 Johnson. Keyes. Kinsman, 21 Skinner, 3 Ward.Weeks, 29 Witt, 5 Edwaeds, 359 Goodnow. Fay, 359—361 Barnes, 4 Bartlett, 5 BiUings, 42 Brigham, 1, 4, 5, 7, 7 Child, 1, 13, 16, 19 Clisbee, 8 CoUins, 1 Converse, 24 Felton, 4 Goodnow, 15 Howe, 1, 3 Hudson, I Larkin, 6 Maury, 21 Morse, 1 Nurse, 20 Pike, 29 Pratt, 11 Rice, 1, 45 Shattuck, 1, 9, 22, 23 Smith, 40 TombUn, 44 Ward, 4, 8 Wellington, 2 Wood, 3 Felton, 361—364 Baker, 69, 63 Barnes, 26 Barrett, 4 Bartlett, 29 Bigelow, 31, 53 Bliss, 64 Brigham, 52, 67 Cook, 51 Fay, 26. 55 Frye, 62 Giles, 48 Goodale, 3 Hardy, 9, 13 Holyoke, 31 Howe, 4, 6, 6 Hunt, 14, 23 Hunter, 7 Hunting, 37 Manson, 50 Maynard, 12 Morse, 24 Newton, 7 Piper, 25 Potter, 46 Rice, 34 Rogers, 8 Stevens, 44 Stewart, 51 Stone, 47 Stow, 10, 45, 65 Tompkins, 2 Weeks, 22, 33 Wilkins, 32 Wood, 30 FoEBusH, 364, 366 Bellows, 11 Bowker, 7 Byles, 5 Forbes, 9 Gold, 16 Hardy, 12 Holloway, 9 Houghton, 15 Howard, 13 Morse, 10 Parkman, 26 Perriman, 1 Kediat, 1 Rice, 3, 6 Stewart. Fosgate, 365 FosKET, 365 FosTEE, 365 Feanklin, 365 Gaefield, 365 Gates, 366, 367 Arnold, 24 BaU, 21 Beaman, 17 Bragg, 13 Brigham, 25, 30 Church, 8 Clark, 11 Cushing, 22 Dunton, 26 Freeman, 3 Goodnow, 20 Holyoke, 16 Howe, 7, 10, 20, 28 Maynard, 5 Newton, 32 Phelps, 9, 25 Rice, 29 Stevens, 27 Williams, 18, 19 Woods, 6 Woodward, 1 Gibbs, 367 Gibbon, 367 Cogswell, 1 Little, 6 Perkins, 1, 5 Wait, 10 WUson, 12 Gleason, 367, 368 Barrett, 1 Bayley, 27 Bigelow, 19 Brigham, 13 Brown, 28 Dudley, 5 Goodnow, 30 Howe, 6, 18, 20, 22, 25, 26, 31 Oakes, 28, 29 Phelps. 15 Rice, 33 Stow, 11 Goddard, 369 BaU, 3 Barker, 9 Bowers, 6 CoUister, 7 Cloyes, 1 Davis. Houghton, 2 Howe, 5 Miles. Rice, 4, 12 Stone, 8 Walker, 10, U Gold, 369 Forbush. Golding, 369 Goodale, 369—372 Angier. Allen, 40 Bailey, 37 Bercham, 5 Brigham, 18 Bruce, 25 Burnap, 37 EUot, 18 Foote, 45 Gary, 29, 31 Harthorn, 24 485 Howe, 28, 41, 42 Hunter, 48 Moseman, 62 Newton, 46 Parkhurst, 65 Sawyer, 33 Stratton, 50, 51 Tainter, 27 Thurston, 57 Ward, 36 Warren, 64 Weeks, 33 Whitney. 22 Winn, 35 Witt, J6 Goodenow, 372, 373 Banister, 13 Barnes, 4 Fay, 12 Rice, 14, 15 Roberts, 18 Sanders, 20 WaUis, 28 Gott, 373 Breck, 1 Brigham, 2, 3 Wardj 1 Goee, 373 Gould, 373 Geeen, 373 Hagee, 373, 374 Ames, 8 Arnold, 15 Barnard, 3 Barnes, 8 Benjamin, 2 Darling, 12 Fairbanks, 17 FareweU, ,21 Moore, 23, 26 Morse, 8 Nixon, 18 Parminter, 20 Sawyer, 7 Stow, 4, 6 Weeks, 25 Haggit, 374 Maynard. Hale, 374 Hall, 376 Hapgood, 375—377 Barber, 41 Barnes, 18, 45 Bigelow, 64 Brooks, 13, 17 Carr, 49 Conant, 34 Darling, 58 Davis, 65 Gibbs, 24 Green, 63 Howe, 21, 30, 56 Hutchins, 9 Jackson, 29 Kentfield, 35 Maynard, 56, 60 Morse, 11 Munroe, 22 Nurse, 19 Osborn, 62 Priest, 61 Ray, 66 Rice, 23, 40, 54 Stearns, 39 Stevens, 22 Taylor, 7, 8 Temple, 31 Treadway, 1 Turner, 33 Ward, 2 Wesson, 59 Wheeler, 5 Whitman, 32 Whitney, 51 WiUis. 43 Witt, 50 Woods, 28 Haeeington, 377, 378 Ball, 7 Brigham, 10 Eager, 5 Fay, 19 Garfield, 2 George, 1 Hayden, 4 Howe, 11, 21 Mills, 6 Mixer, 13 Warren, 3 Whitney, 2 Haethoen, 378, 379 Cranston, 6 Cutler, 7 Gates, 5 Goodale, 1 Howe, 5 Stevens, 1 Hayden, 379 Newton, Winch. Hemenway, 379 Hinds, 379 Morse. Holden, 379 Holland, 380 Holyoke, 380 Felton, 4 Gates, 1 Howe, 4, 10, 11 Hoen, 380 Maynard. Hosmee, 380 John Howe, 380—392 Adaras, 148 Amsden, 22, 57 Arnold, 296, 306 Bailey, 36 Baker, 89, 124 Balcom, 313 Barnard, 135, 197, 335 Barnes, 106, 110, 186, 281, Baron, 9 Barrett, 41 Bartlett, 36, 92 Beaman, 42, 98, 102 Bennett, 64 Bent, 3 Bigelow, 26, 44, 47, 174, 313, 329 Bowker, 28, 39 Boyd, 270 Brigham, 31, 200, 228, 2.55, 261, 314, 327, 328, 331 Brown, 247 Bruce, 246, 280 Burnet, 190 Burnham, 230 Bush, 43 Cady, 23 Chamberlain, 195 Clark, 271 Cliff'ord, 100 CUsbee, 325 Crosby, 103 Cutter, 278 Dalrymple, 285 Daniels, 241 Davis, 62 Dexter, 204 Dunlap, 185 Eager, 29 Fairbanks, 127 Fay, 256 Felton, 95, 99 Gale, 307 Garfield, 21 Gassett, 192 Gates, 30, 198, 204 Gleason, 96, 188, 237, 326 Goddard, 258 Goodale, 69, 166 Goodnow, 85 Hapgood, 108, 177, 279 Harrington, 269 Harthorn, U9 Hayden, 247 Haynes, 7 Hoar, 90 Hosmer, 9 Hudson, 253 Hunt, 199 Jones, 209 Keyes, 15 Leland, 94 Mann, 243 Marble, 26 Maynard,58, 138,195,312 Moore, 245 Morse, 60, 202, 254 Newton, 130, 334 Onthank, 247 Page, 244 Parker, 220 Peters, 304 Perry, 53 Prescott, 7 Rice, 20, 40, 45, 49, 88, 139, 181, 203, 283 Russell, 242 Sawin, 231 Sherman, 62 Sibley, 6 Smith, 114, 118 Stow, 120, 122, 257, 267 Swinerton, 70 Tainter, 175 486 Temple, 296, 298 Ward, 4 Wariand, 236 Watson, IU Wetherby, 8 Wheeler, 113 Wilder, 18 Williams, 32, 121, 265 Witt, 270 Wood, 173 Woods, 6 Abeaham Howe, 392-397 Amsden, 20 Baker, 149 Barnard, 80 Barnes, 60, 72, 87, 104, 142, 143 Barrett, 7 Barstow, 19 Bigelow, 47, 48, 98, 116, 144 Bowker, 3 Brigham, 6, 22, 43, 95, 131, 150 Brooks, 46 Burnet, 46" Church, 55 Clisbee, 107 Coats, 71 Cranstoa, 76 Crosby, 137 Cushing, 63 Dadman, 96, 100 Dana, 79 Felton, 84 Gates, 33, 138 Gilbert, 161 Gleason, 51, 82, 83, 99 Goddard, 63 Hapgood, 15 Harrington, 54 Holman, 43 Holyoke, 129, 130 Horn, 118, 124 Houghton, 154, 155 Huntington, 141 Kendall, 158, 159 Kerley, 2 Lovering, 91, 94 Martin, 4 Maynard, 92, 93 Morse, 75 Newton, 105, 117 Oakes, 67 Parminter, 141 Rice, 8, 23, 40, 44, 62, 74, 157 Ruggles, 46 RusseU, 103 Sawyer, 139 Sherman, 78 Smith, 39 Stow, 77, 93, 127, 134 Stratton, 10 Tainter, 13, 102, 133 TUeston, 66 Toombs, 128 Ward, 1, 12 Warren, 49 Webster, 88 Wetherbee, 110 Wheeler, 76, 90 Whitcomb, 130 WiUard, 42 Withington, 135 Woods, 35 Hudson, 398—401 Atherton, 10 Babcock, 39 Banister, 14 Brigham, 37 Cooledge, 51 Fay, 47 Goodnow, 38 Goodwin, 33 Howe, 38 Maynard, 2 McAllister, 16 Rider, 52 Shurtleff, 53 Smith, 55 Waters, 3, 4 Williams, 46 WiUis, 9 Wood, 16 Huntee, 401, 402 Felton, 2 Goodale, 11 Moore, 1, 6 Newton, 4 Temple, 8 Walkup, 7 Wetherbee, 6, 10 Hunting, 402 Barrows, 3 Eager, 4 Reed, 7 Rice, 9 Jewell, 403 Cleveland, 10 Giles, 7 Howe, 4 Maynard, 5 Smith, 2 Walcut, 4 , Johnson, 403 — 405 Bellows, 51 Bruce, 67, 61 Bush, 42 Crafts, 1 Forbush, 37 Green, 41 Hedge, 25 Holland, 26 JosUn, 28 Kerley, 22 Lamb, 9 Matthews, 20, 50 Maynard, 12 Plympton, 3, 15 Richardson, 27 Stow, 39 Ward, 2 Wetherbee, 10 Woods, 43 Jones, 406 Joslin, 406—408 Bruce, 59, 60 Bush, 31 Carley, 49 Church, 42 Cleveland, 28 Forbush, 27, 35 Howe, 22 Johnson, 33 King, 5 Lamb, 23 Moore, 58 Newton, 24, 63 Reed, 32 Snow, 30, 34 Kerley, 408 Davis. Eager, 2 Kuhn.Rice, 3 Keyes, 409, 410 Blanford, 6 Brigham, 12 Eames, 11 Flagg, 27 Howe, 10 Morse, 20 Rand, 25 Weeks, 22 WUder, 30 Kidder, 410 Bush. Knap, 410 Ward. Knights, 410 Lee, 410 Lennaed, 410 Newton. LoEING, 410, 411 AUen, 14 Beaman, 7 CUsby, 17 Hastings, 16 Heyman, 1 Hitchcock.Howe, 9 Newton, 13 Nurse, 11 Tainter, 8 VUes.WUkins.WiUiams, 8, 15 Woods, 2 Lyscom, 411 Mann, 411 Manson, 411 Felton, Sawin, Stow. Maeble, 411 Witt. Maetin, 412 Amsden. Church.Gove. Stevens. Mason, 412 Matthews, 412 Bigelow, 4 Garfield, 1 Johnson, 1 487 Morse, 5 Munroe, 10 Rice, 12 Maynaed, 413 — 415 Balcom, 28 Barnes, 63 Belcher, 43 Borden, 6l Brigham. 13, 46, 59 Church, 23 Crosby, 22 Falkner, 27 Grates, 1 Haggate, 11 Hapgood, 87 Hayden, 65 Horn, 24 Howe, 21, 41, 82 JeweU, 51, 79 Johnson, 10 MiUs, 76 Morse, 15 Peters, 77, 83 Priest, 52, 107 Prue, 12 Rogers, 42 Sergeant, 58 Smith, 76 Stow, 74, 76 Tainter, 44 Walcut, 81 Ward, 5 Weeks, 84 Whipple, 40 Wilkins, 108 Mixer, 415 Garfield. Gibbs. Newton.Lamb. Moore, 416 MoEBis, 416 Morse, 416—420 Amsden, 86 Austin, 97 Baker, 23 Barnard, 13 Barnes, 16, 109 Bartlett, 1 Belcher, 97 Bigelow, 100 Boyd, 63 Bngham, 51, 89, 90, 97 Brown, 107 Bullard, 5 Church, 15 Cooper, 6 Cotting, 73 Crosby, 78 Eager, 20, 77 Fay, 2, 108 Felton, 79 Forbush, 24 Gilmer, 65 Green, 62 Hager, 85 Hale, 103 Hapgood, 33 Hayden, 76 Hinds, 17 Howe, 1, 2, 35, 49, 66, 67 Hunter, 99 Johnson, 30 Joslin, 10 Kendall, 78 Keyes, 21, 32 Matthews, 29 Maynard, 18 Moore, 65 Newton, 14, 23, 39, 56, 84, 104 Phelps, 70 Pierce, 1 Pike, 68 Pufter, 80 Rice, 3, 47 Robbins, 36 Shattuck, 2, 4, 44 Sherman, 61 Smith, 3 Stearns, 3 Stevens, 50 Stow, 15, 45, 46, 80, 83, 100 Stratton, 71 Temple, 48, 107 Thomas, 42 Thompson, 92 Ward, 49 Warner, 11 Warren, 91 Wheeler, 59 Whitney, 105 Wilson, 93, 94 Woods, 19 Woodward, 7 Moseman, 420 MUNEOE, 420 Newton, 421-426 Adams, 6 AUen, 81 Amsden, 46 Axtell, 10 Balcom, 31 Brigham, 30 Brooks, 3 Bruce, 56, 146 Burnham, 171 Cutler, 183 Eager, 11, 161 Eames, 48 Felton, 4 Garfield, 69 Goodale, 13, 165 Greely, 23 Howe, 1, 17, 71 Joslin, 3, 23 Knapp, 33 Larkin, 2, 3, 27 Lenard, 24 Lenardson, 18, 20 Marble, 163 Morse, 5, 7, 8, 41, 149 Orcutt, 19 Parkhurst, 43 Rice, 21, 49, 58 Ripley, 36 Rugg, 14 Smith, 47 Stow, 2, 130, 150 Taint, 128 Taylor, 42 TombUn, 62, 72 Tozer, 40 Ward, 12 Watts, 166 Weeks, 5 Wilson, 63 Wright, 116 Oakes, 426 Fay, 4 HoUoway, 1 Maynard, 6, 6 Rediat, 1 Packaed, 426, 427 Blake, 16 Carter, 17 Hooker, 15 Howard, 2 Lathrop, 3 Perkins, 4 Quincy, 8 Richards, 11 Stowell, 10 Thayer, 12 Trask, 18 Paekee, 427 Beaman. Paemintee, 428 Peery, 428 Peecital, 428 Petees, 428 Maynard. Phelps, 428, 429 Allen, 6 Atwood, 5 Brigham, 4, 8 Boyd, 3 Dudley, 13 Gates, 4 Gleason, 15 Goodnow, 16 McBride, 12 Morse. Rice, 1, 10 RusseU, 12 Ward, 6 Wariand, 9 Wilson, 4 Potter, 429, 430 Angier, 1 Bruce, 2 Stone, 7 Walker, 8 Walkup, 9 Pratt, 430 Fay. Peescott, 430 Ward. Priest, 430 Bruce, 12 Eaton.Jones, 9 Longley, 9 Whitcomb, 6 Wilkins, 10 488 Ray, 430 Rediat, 430 Miles. Eeed, 430 Rice, 431—441 Adams, 29 Albee, 273 Alden, 274 Allen, .33 .Bailey, 161 Baker, 145 Banister, 112 Barnes, 111, 212, 231 Barrett, 72, 78 Bartlett, 208, 232 Beaman, 123 Beers, 8 Bent, 3 Bigelow, 80, 210, 216, 275 Binney, 160 Bond, 136, 229 Bowker, 103 Boyd, 230 Brighara, 1, 73, 82, 125, 161, 209,220.221,223, 263 Brown, 7, 10, 63 Burnett, 144 Burroughs, 244 Bush, 214 Carrico, 276 Carruth, 206 Cazneau, 179 Clapp, 42 Cooledge, 48 Corey, 51 DarUng, 184, 191 Derby, 64 Drury, 5 Eager, 105, 147 Fairbanks, 44, 183 Felton, 216 Fletcher, 62 Forbush, 21, 23 Fosgate, 217 Gates, 255 Gerry, 12 Gleason, 260 Goddard, 178 Goodnow, 94, 114, 117 Goulding, 45 Graves, 22 Hapgood, 167, 227 Hardy, 93 Hastings, 194 Hayden, 198 Haynes, 31, 37 Hersey, 270 Heywood, 110 Hosmer, 7 Howard, 112 Howe, 27, 71, 76, 79, 119, 151, 159, 165, 166, 178, 234 Hubbard, 38, 41 Hunt, 1, 241 Hunting, 253 Jennings, 68 Kerley, 51 KUlam. King, 7, 8 Knights, 187 Lamson, 6 Lee, 218 Maynard, 149, 2;>7 Matthews, 162 Merrick, 67 Moore, 2, 35, 140, 251 Morse, 144, 182, 214 Mutzenbeeker, 248 Newton, 57, 77, 100 Oakes, 83, 113 Palfrey, 179 Parker, 40 Partridge, 81 Payson, 129 Perkins, 213 Phelps, 222, 265, 268 Robinson, 51, 106 RusseU, 16, 262 Sawin.Seaver, 245 Smith, 138 Stevens, 240 Stone, 13, 28, 32, 34, 63, 148, 177 Stow, 60, 272 Taylor, 58, 146 Ward, 17, 50, 137, 171 Warren, 95 Weeks, 170 Wells, 11 Wetherbee, 271 Wheeler, 17, 84, 87 White, 26 Whitney, 235 Whittemore, 152 WiUard, 56 WUliams, 172, 174, 224 Wilson, 64 Witherbee, 126 Woolcot, 102 Ripley, 441 Robinson, 441 Amsden. Ruddock, 441, 442 Brimsmead. Rugg, 442 Newton. Russell, 442 Brigham, 3, 5 Fay, 6 Howe, 1 Rice, 4 Robinson, 1 Williams, 1 Sampson, 442 Sawin, 442, 443 Bigelow, 20 Cotting, 4 Fay, 20 Howe, 2 Jones, 20 Moore, 4 Munroe, 1 Rice, 7 Stratton, 17 Temple, 8 Wood, 9 Sawyee, 443, 444 George, 6 Seavee, 444 Rice, Weeks. Shattuck, 444 AUen, 4 Fairbanks, 11 Jackson, 10 Johnson, 9 Morse, 6 Newton, 4 Parminter, 7 Pease, 3 Underwood, 3 Whitney, 2 Sheeman, 444, 445 AxteU, 26 Bowman, 3 Carr, 23 CogsweU, 37 Davis, 37 Fairbanks, 31 Fay, 28 Frost, 37 Hawkins, 4 Howe, 34 Knight, 35 Livermore, 19 Maynard, 30 Parker, 31 Parkhurst, 10 Perrum, 21 Porter, 1 Shattuck, 16 Temple, 24 Wait, 33 Winship, 7 Smith, 446, 447 Alexander, 3 Barnes, 4 Brown, 4 Bruce, 6, 9 Clough, 2 Howe, 5 Jewell, 3 Maynard, 6 Whitcomb, 10 Snow, 447 Joslin. Southee, 447 Barnes. Stanly, 447 Stevens, 447 — 450 Bailey, 20 Barnard, 15, 25 Barnes, 19 Brigham, 25, 26, 28, 29, 40 Dickerman, 3 Felton, 2 Gates, 41 Hale, 37 Hartwell, 39 Haywood, 18, 36 Hemenway, 17 Holmes, 9 KendaU, 34 Martin, 9 489 Rice, 32, 35 Robinson, 1 Stow, 12 Trowbridge, 38 Warren, 27 Weeks, 23 Whipple, 6 WUder, 9, 11 WiUard, 4 Witherbee, 40 Woods, 21 Wright, 21 Stewart, 450 Adams, 11 Ayers, 13 Parminter, 7 Witt, 3, 8 Stone, 450 Stow, 450—454 BaUey, 67 Baker, 60 Barnes, 69, 70 Brigham, 16, 68, 82, 89 Brown, 52, 81 Burnham, 94 Eager, 40 Felton, 57 Gilbert, 98 Gleason, 66 Hager, 46. 48, 62 Hayden, 23 Howe, 30, 36, 44, 71, 74, 90,91 Johnson, 12 Manson, 97 Maynard, 62, 76, 84 Minot, 21 Moore, 80 Morse, 13, 41, 46, 72, 78 Newton, 19, 28, 34, 49 Puffer, 72 Ray, 55 Rice, 15 Smith, 31 Snow, 11 Stevens, 14, 53 Temple, 61 Ward, 42 Welch, 95 Whitman, 59 WUUams, 63, 73 Stratton, 454, 455 Barnes, 8, 10 Brigham, 5, 7, 9 Eager, 19 Hervey, 18 Howe, 3 Parker, 1 Traine, 2 Temple, 6 Taylor, 455, 456 Banister, II Barrett, 2 Greely, 4 Hapgood, 2, 8 Johnson, 1 Joslin, 5 Lakin, 1 Lamb, 8 MUls, 7 Newton, 6 Taintee, 456, 457 Arnold, 28 Bailey, 27 Barrett, 8 Bond, 29 Brigham, 16 Bush, 26 Goodnow, 23 Gould, 24 Grey, 1 Howe, 19, 21, 39 Knight, 44 Loring, 23 Ward, 9 Warren, 4 WUkins, 25 Woods, 12 Temple, 457, 458 Adams, 1 Arnold, 17 Baker, 24 Balcom, 29, 30 Barry, 5 Bush, 2 Cloyes, 16 Dadman, 12 Goodnow, 2 Holland, 4 Howe, 7, 8 Joslin, 1 Maynard, 11, 20, 21 Morse, 13 Sawin, 19 Sherman, 3, 9 Stearns, 10 Stow, 1 Stratton, 6, 15 Walcut, 22 WUkins, 27 WiUiams, 28 Thaping, 458 Thomas, 458 Bigelow, Eager, Morse. Tomblin, 468 Newton, Wait. Townsend, 459 Teowbeidge, 459 Barnes, Stevens, Symmes. Vockary, 459 Newton. Wait, 459 Walcutt, 459 Walker, 459 Walkup, 459 Ward, 459—462 Barnes, 38 Bigelow, 38 Bowker, 55 Brigham, 30, 63 Cleveland, 29 Davis, 54 Eames, 8 Goodale, 61 HaskeU, 60 Howe. 7, 9, 31 Jackson, 2 Johnson, 6 KendaU, 63 Knapp, 44 Mixer, 4 Moore, 5 Morse, 66 Oakes, 60, 51 Osgood, 62 Palmer, 43 Phelps, 41 Prescott, 49 Rice, 14, 15, 38, 58 Stone, 13 Weeks, 45 Wheelock, 35 Wilkinson, 46 Williaras, 3, 57 Woods, 12 Warren, 462, 463 Arnold, 18 Barnes, 17 Bloys, 2 Bonney, 36 Brigham, 4, 14, 29 Eager, 20 Fiske, 3 Garfield.Goodale, 36 Goodnow, 27 Harrington, 3, 6, 22 Hastings, 3 Hunt, 31 Mixer, 7 Morse, 29 Nixon, 28 Stevens, 21 Stone, 6 Weeks, 32 WiUiams, 16 Weeks, 463—465 AUen, 25 Ames, 40 Barnes, 1, 26 Bigelow, 21, 22 Bowker, 16 Brigham, 19 Brown, 39 Clark. 34 Felton, 30, 42 Goodale, 20 Goodnow, 17 •Hager, 49 Holland, 1 Keyes, 6 Maynard, 41 Newton, 22 Parker, 36 Parminter, 46 Patch, 47 Rice, 23 Sawyer, 20 Seaver, 32 Sparhawk, 15. Stevens, 18 Tomblin, 3 Trescott, 1 Walcutt, 43 Ward, 8 490 Warren, 37 Wheeler, 48 Wells, 465 Wheelee, 465, 466 Barnard, 21 Bowker, 10 Hapgood, 4 Holloway, 6 Morse, 9 Thompson, 23 Wells, 3 Wheelock, 466 Flagg. Whitcomb, 466 Brown. Whitney, 466, 467 Allen, 6 Austin, 14 Barnes, 18 Barrett, 4 Bridge, 4 Cutler, 17 Goodale, 8 Hapgood, 2 Joslin, 10 KendaU, 2 Lawrence, 3 Livermore, 12 Reed, 1 Smith, 9 Wheeler, 5 WlLDEE, 468 Wilkins, 468, 469 Barnard, 14 Brigham, 48, 61 Brown, 46 Bruce, 4, 7, 10, 44, 47 Bush, 2 Cox, 27 Cranston, 3 Darling, 9 Dunn, 16 Felton, 53 Fox, 7 Gates, 16 Holman, 54 Knight, 22 Loring, 41 Maynard, 43 Priest, 14 RandaU, 13 Smith, 3, 26 Taylor, 6 Taynter, 11 Temple, 49 Whitcomb, 24, 42 Wood, 60 Williams, 469—472 Ball, 33 Beaman, 2 Bigelow, 34 Buck, 7 Buckminster, 10 Estabrook, 12 Fairbanks, 25 Freeman, 16 Gates, 17 Hammond, 33 Howe, 7, 13, 18 Hudson, 29 Johnson, 1 Loring, 8, 20 McPherson, 12, 17 Payne, 14 Rice, 6, 11, 19 Russell, 7, 10 Smith, 20 Stow, 3, 14 Temple, 19 Travis, 23 Ward, 1, 4 Warren, 11 Woods, 2 Wilson, 472 Angier, Ward. Winchester, 472 Farwell, Smith. Witherbee, 472, 473 Amsden, 7 Bellows, 6 Brigham, 1, 2, 3, 10 Johnson, 2 Rice, 10 Sennet, 8 Stevens, 7 Wheeler, 6 Woods, 4 Witt, 473—475 Adams, 26 Baker, 2 Bayley, 17, 28, 38 Bigelow, 20, 33 Breed, 8 Dexter, 23 Dike, 11 ¦ Dunn, 31 Eames, 21 Eaton, 34 Estabrook, 37 Goodale, 13, 19 Goodnow, 22 Hapgood, 30 Howe, 32 Hunter, 26 Lamson, 16 Longbridge, 12 Marble, 12 Matthew, 7 Pierce, 8 Potter, 3 RandaU, 29 Spofford, 23 Stewart.Swan, 27 Tenny, 23 Wood, 9 Woodbury, 16 Woods. Wood, 476, 477 Arnold, 26 Brigham, 15 Bush, 29 Buss, 9 Cooledge, 21 Cox, 22 Henderson, 17, 25 Higgins, 29 Howe, 13 Priest, 29 Sawin, 16 Stratton, 18 Turner, 19 Wheeler, 7 WUkins, 20 Woods, 477—480 Barnes, 29, 42, 60 Bellows, 5 Bent, 38 Boyd, 77 Brigham, 34, 41, 76 Bruce, 16 Dexter, 43, 73 Eager, 29 Fairbanks, 3 Gates, 11 Hapgood, 64 Howe, 38 Johnson, 30 Maynard, 75 Moore, 13 Parminter, 1 Kice, 63 Smith, 69 Stevens, 46 Stow, 52 Tainter, 40 Ward, 4 Wheeler, 45 WUUams, 51 Witherbee, 8 Witt, 61 Wyman, 480 Brigham. CELEBRATION TWO HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY INCOEPOKATION of MARLBOROUGH. At a Town Meeting of Marlborough, held March 7, 1859, under an article in the warrant, having reference to that subject, it was " Voted, That the Town notice the Two Hundredth Anniversary of its Incorporation, by a public Commemora tion. " Voted, That a Committee of five be chosen to invite some suitable person to deliver a Commemorative Address on the approaching Bi-centennial Anniversary of the Incorporation of the Town ; to aid the one so selected as he may need and they may be able, in collecting materials for his Address ; and to com municate with the neighboring Towns originally included in Marlborough, in reference to their participation in the Commem oration ; and to take any other measures, in relation to the Celebration, which they may think necessary or desirable." At the adjournment of the meeting, April 4, the following persons were chosen to constitute the Committee : Rev. Horatio Alger, Rev. S. F. Bucklin, Stephen Morse, Esq., Hon. O. W. Albee, and Edward Wilkins. Soon after their appointment, the Committee engaged Hon. Charles Hudson, of Lexington, a native of the Town, to prepare a Commemorative Address for the proposed Celebration. 63 492 At a Town Meeting, held March 5, 1860, it was voted that the Committee already chosen, nominate a Committee to make further arrangements for the coming Celebration in June next. At an adjournment of the meeting, held April 2, the Com mittee made the following Report, which was accepted by the Town : " Your Committee recommend that the Committee already appointed by the Town be enlarged to nineteen, and that the following persons, with those already chosen, constitute that Committee, viz. : Samuel Boyd, Hollis Loring, Charles M. Howe, Elbridge Howe, Lambert Bigelow, 2d, J. S. Witherbee, Samuel B. Maynard, David B. Goodale, William Hagar, Wil liam Wilson, George E. Manson, Charles Brigham, B. F. Underbill, and Eber Howe.* " Your Committee fiu'ther recommend, that the Town appro priate not less than one thousand dollars, for the purposes of the Celebration, and that they authorize their Committee of Arrangements to draw on the Town Treasurer for this amount, provided said Committee find the printing and other expenses necessary to give weight and dignity to the Celebration, comporting with the ancient reputation of the Town, require that sum. " The Committee further nominate Hon. Francis B. Fay, of Lancaster, (a native of Southborough,) as President of the day ; Col. William H. Wood, Chief Marshal ; Sylvester Buck lin, Winslow M. Warren, Edward A. Gay, Henry 0. Russell, John Chipman, and Francis Brigham, Assistant Marshals. " The Committee recommend that the appointment of Vice * A vacancy which occurred in the Committee of Arrangements through the lamented death of Rev. S. F. Bucklin, who had taken a deep and active mter- est in the proposed Celebration, was filled by the appointment of WUliam Gib bon in his place. The following Preamble and Resolutions were unanimously passed at a meeting of the Committee. " Whereas Rev. Sylvester F. Bucklin was an active member of this Com mittee, and manifested a strong interest in the coming Bi-centennial Celebration, as well as in the interests of the community at large, therefore " Resolved, That, in the death of the Eev. S. F. Bucklm, this Committee has lost a most useful member ; the social circle in which he moved, a kmd adviser and most urbane friend ; and the community at large, a revered citizen. " Resolved, That we tender to the widow and famUy of our respected friend, our deep and heartfelt sympathies in this hour of their great bereavement." 493 Presidents, and such other Committees as shall be necessary, be left to the Committee of Arrangements. The Committee further recommend that Wednesday, the 13th day of June next, be fixed upon as the day for the Celebration. " All which is respectfully submitted. " O. W. Albee, far the Committee." In the discharge of the duties assigned them, the Committee of Arrangements held numerous meetings, at some of which delegates from neighboring towns were present, by invitation, to co-operate. Sub-committees were appointed, and the fol lowing persons were designated as Officers of the day. President. FRANCIS B. FAY, op Lancaster. Vice Presidents. Henrt Rice, Jabez Rice, Stephen R. Phelps, Dwight Witt, Isaac Hayden, Lambert Bigelow, Solomon Weeks, William L. Howe, Stephen Pope, John Goodale, Ezekiel Brdce, Alden Brigham. Rev. Horatio Alger, Chaplain. Samuel B. Maynard, Treasurer. William H. Wood, Chief Marshal. Assistant Marshals. Sylvester Bucklin, Henry 0. Russell, Winslow M. Warren, John Chipman, Edward A. Gay, Francis Brigham. Hollis Loring, Toastmaster. Wednesday, the 13th of June — one of the pleasantest days of that pleasant season — was ushered in by the firing of one himdred guns, and the ringing of bells. At an early hour, citizens of Marlborough and the neighboring Towns, with those who had come from greater distances, assembled at the Town House, to exchange greetings of welcome and congratulation. At about ten o'clock, a Procession was formed, under the direction of the Chief M:arshal, and moved through the 494 principal streets of the East and West villages, to the pavilion on Ockoocangansett Hill, where the Commemorative Exercises were held. The public buildings and the tents were elegantly decorated, at the expense of the Town, by Col. William Beals, of Boston. Many of the private residences, and places of business, on the route of the Procession, also presented appro priate mottoes and tasteful decorations. The Marlborough Rifle Company, under Capt. Henry Whit comb, performed escort duty. The Committee of Arrange ments, heading the Procession, were followed by the Ofiicers of the day, the four oldest men of Marlborough, — Mr. Willard Newton, Capt. Jedediah Wood, Capt. Aaron Stevens, and Mr. Stephen Rice, — and the invited guests. The citizens of the several 'Borough Towns followed in the order of their incor poration, each headed by a band of music. To the Free Masons, the Sons of Temperance, and the several Fire Com panies, each also having bands of music, places were assigned in the Procession. The services in the Pavilion commenced with an Invocation, by Rev. Joseph Allen, D. D., of Northborough. The following Hymn, written by William C. Bryant for a similar celebration, was then sung by the Musical Association of the 'Borough Towns, to the tune of " Auld Lang Syne." Two hundred years has June renewed Her roses, since the day When here, amid the lonely wood, Our fathers met to pray. Beside this gentle stream, that strayed Through pathless woodlands then, The calm, heroic women prayed. And grave, undaunted men. Hymns on the ancient silence broke From hearts that faltered not, And undissembUng lips that spoke The free and guilelesss thought. They prayed and thanked the Mighty One Who made their hearts so strong. And led them towards the setting sun, , Beyond the reach of wrong. 495 For them he made that desert place A pleasant heritage, — The cradle of a free-born race, From peaceful age to age. The plant they set — a little vine — Hath stretched its boughs afar. To distant hills and streams that shine Beneath the evening star. Ours are their fields, — these fields that smile With summer's early flowers ; Oh, let their fearless scorn of guile, And love of truth, be ours ! Prayer by Rev. Horatio Alger, Chaplain of the day. After Music by the Band, Hon. Francis B. Fay, President of the day, spoke as follows : Ladies and Gentlemen : In obedience to the kind and generous invitation of the citizens of Marlborough, and of the Committee of Arrangements, I assume the duties of the Chair. For this token of their friendship, for this distinguished honor, I would tender my grateful acknowledgments, my sincere and warmest gratitude. We have assembled here, at the call of the citizens of Marlborough, on a very rare, interesting and momentous occasion, — an occasion resembUng the revolution of some of the heavenly bodies, which require a century to re-appear. While we rejoice, while we mingle in the festivities of the day, it is natural for us to take a retrospect of the past, and contemplate the changes that have taken place here in the last century, — and the far greater changes we shall find, if we go back to the day we now propose to celebrate. Well may we ask, " Our Fathers, where are they ? " What scenes, what changes, what im provements have been presented and passed away, even here, since 1660 ! Who is there among this vast multitude that was an eye witness and can describe the state of things here, and give us an account of the ceremonies, on a similar occasion, one hundred years ago ? Not one. No, not a single individual is able to say, in the language of Scripture, " I only am escaped alone to tell thee." Is it in our power to reahze the changes during the last century ? What alterations and improvements ! What increase of comforts and population ! For one, I can look back some fifty years upon this 496 ancient town, and the population has nearly quadrupled in that time. At the same ratio of increase, what will it be one hundred yeara hence ? and which of us will be present to witness a similar ceremony to the present ? are questions which, I presume, none here will under take to answer. Let us now carry our minds back a century farther, and contem plate the condition of our ancestors here two hundred years ago. In place of this landscape before us, now so beautiful to behold, these stately mansions, these fruitful fields, waving grass, and flowers of every hue, there was at that time one vast forest, through which the savage beast and not less savage man roamed undisturbed, with here and there a rude log cabin, or a block-house surrounded by palisades, to protect the inmates from the stealthy attacks of a ruthless foe. These were times that emphatically tried men's souls, — aye, and women's souls, too. And here I wish to remark, that I am one of those who believe that women have souls as weU as men, and quite as valuable, notwithstanding some crotchety old bachelors have pretended to doubt it. But let me say to nay fair auditors here, that their grand mothers of that day had no crinoline, no satins and cashmeres ; they had no catalogue of a wardrobe, consisting of a morning dress, an evening dress, a ball dress, a riding dress, a walking dress, a traveling dress, &c. &c., but their wardrobe comprised one single dress, carded, spun and woven by their own hands. Moreover, they were their own mantua-makers and milliners. Their jewels were the robust children growing up around them ; their piano was the wheel and loom ; and their promenades were over burnt logs, briars and thorns, and through the forest. Such was the condition and character of the first settlers of this an cient town, such the venerable matrons who raised up the noble sons, the dauntless band who resisted the oppression of the mother country, and achieved our glorious independence. Have we not reason to be thankful to Heaven and to them for the numerous blessings which they have transmitted to us ? May we not emphatically say : " Our grand fathers planted, our fathers watered, and we are reaping the increase." But I am trespassing upon your patience, and encroaching on the rights of the Orator of the day. You wiU permit me, therefore, to introduce to you the Hon. Charles Hudson, one of Marlborough's most distinguished sons, whose name has been associated with the Councils of the State and Nation, for the last quarter of a century. When the President of the day had concluded his remarks, which were received with great approbation, and quiet was 497 restored in the capacious tent, Mr. Hudson addressed the assembly as follows : Ladies and Gentlemen of Marlborough, and of the Borough Towns, here Assembled : After the unavoidable delays of the morning, and the fatigue necessarily attendant upon a long march under the scorching rays of a summer's sun, you need not apprehend that the pleasures of this joyful occasion will be marred by listening to an Address fearfully dull and fearfully lony. When your Committee honored me with an application to prepare an Address for the approaching Anniversary of my native town, I was fully aware, as they must have been, that the history of such a town as Marlborough, covering two entire centuries, could not be compressed into an Address of suitable length for a festive occasion ; and beUeving, with them, that the records of the past would furnish a fruitful field of instruction for the present generation, I have prepared an account, somewhat in detail, of the settlement, rise and progress of the town. I hold in my hand a voluminous manuscript, recounting the deeds of our Fathers, and the development of Republican principles in this place, — of which I will say, as Mark Anthony said of the Will of Cffisar, " I do not mean to read it." And when I assure you that this comprises hardly one moiety of what I have prepared, I have no apprehension that I shah be called upon by you, as he was by the citizens of Rome, to " read the Will." We have with us distinguished gentlemen from abroad, connected nearly or more remotely with the good old town of Marlborough ; and it would be not only out of taste, but out of character in me, so to monopohze the time as to prevent them from laying their offering at her feet, or to deprive you of the privilege of Hstening to their elo quence. I shall therefore hold this manuscript subject to the order of your .Committee, and shall say a few words which I hope may not be deemed inappropriate to this interesting Anniversary. We stand here, to-day, on the isthmus of the present, connecting the vast continents of the past and the future. On the one hand may be seen, with more or less distinctness, the events which have trans pired in ages gone by ; and on the other, through a hazy atmosphere, the vain imaginings of what may occur in ages to come. Each of these might afford an ample field for meditation and reflection. But it is our business, on the present occasion, to inquire into our origin, rather than speculate upon our destiny as a people. The sons and daughters of Marlborough, now resident within her borders, have assembled here to-day, to converse with the generations 498 that have passed ; and those of us who have gone out from her, have returned, on this joyous occasion, to receive your cordial greetings, and to join with you in holding communion with the departed. And may we not hope that by some simple rappings, we may call up our worthy sires, not to trifle with us by tipping our tables, but, from the rich tables of their annals, to impart that instruction which is more rehable and edifying than the voluble teachings of any trance medium. Yes, my friends, our worthy ancestors are with us to-day. A long line of the departed here pass in review before us. Two centuries, " rich with the spoils of time," spread their offerings at our feet. They unroll the scroll of history in which the worthy deeds of worthy men are recorded, and they invite us, in the very language of inspira tion, " to get wisdom, and with aU our gettings to get understanding." In these sacred annals our Fathers' characters stand out in bold rehef. Their stern integrity, their untiring fortitude, their patient resignation, shine out in language of living hght ; while their devotion to the cause of education, their ardent love of liberty, and their unwavering faith and confidence in God, give us fuU assurance that they will establish a free Commonwealth, on the broad principles of religion, and so leave a rich inheritance to those who come after them. They are with us to-day ; — and in their name I welcome you to this goodly heritage, purchased by their toil and industry, sustained hy their fortitude and valor, and consecrated by their fervent prayers. What they sowed in tears, you are permitted to reap in joy. Where they struggled, axe in hand, with dark and dense forests, you are per mitted to put in the sickle, and gather a rich harvest of golden grain. These hiU-sides, which to them were at first but trackless wastes, where the wild beasts prowled for prey, and made night hideous by their dismal bowlings, to you are green pastures, where your gentle herds graze in safety, or low at the appointed hour, to repay your care with milky rills. And at the House of prayer, where they knelt in devotion, with arms in their hands, to protect themselves against the merciless savages, you are permitted to bow in safety, ' having none to molest, or make you afraid.' You are exempt from the dangers with which they were surrounded. You repair to your fields by day, without any apprehension of a secret ambush or sudden attack ; you leave your famihes in the morning, secure from the tomahawk and scalping knife, and the more dreaded evils of a hopeless captivity. You are not required, at night-faU, to leave your houses and your homes unprotected, and herd together like hunted deer, lest you be consumed in the night-time in your burning dwellings. These and other dangers, which made property insecure and life precarious, have passed away ; and we are permitted to enjoy in peace, in quiet, and in safety, the fruits of their toUs through days 499 of apprehension and nights of danger. WeU, then, may we bless the memory of our Fathers, and mingle in our cup of rejoicing, a tear of grateful sympathy for the manly sufferings they endured. We have met here, on this occasion, for no vain purpose of self- laudation. The day is ours, for higher and nobler purposes. We are to rejoice and be glad ; but our joy is to be drawn from the contempla tions of the past. I am persuaded that all the pleasures of this joyful meeting will be heightened by the recollections of days gone by. Our memories wUl recur to the scenes of our childhood, and our happiness wiU be increased by the fond recoUections of a father's care and a mother's love. And while we stand here, on Ockoocangansett Hill, rejoicing in the success which attended our Fathers' efforts, let us commiserate the fate of the earlier inhabitants who, on this very spot, cultivated their corn and planted their orchards, before these hills and vales were made vocal by the voice of the white man. They have fled before the march of civilization ; and may our superior light and advantages admonish us not to abuse the bounty of Providence, but be careful to fulfill the high and holy mission of an improved race. Let not the glitter and pageantry of the occasion, or its festive joys, render us unmindful of the great Source of all our blessings ; but rather inspire us with gratitude to Him who has scattered with such profusion these blessings in our pathway — ever remembering that " His gifts are only then enjoyed, When used as talents lent ; Those talents only well employed Wben in his service spent." The general causes which led to the diffusion of the early settlers of New England, and gave rise to the planting of the towns in the inte rior, were the love of liberty and the love of land. The Anglo-Saxon race seem to have an innate dread of being surrounded by neighbors. The Rev. Mr. Hooker, who came to New England with his flock, in 1633, left Cambridge, where he first located himself, and performed, in 1636, a long and difiicult journey through the wilderness, and com menced a settlement near Hartford, Connecticut, because he deemed it unwise and impolitic to have settlements as near as Charlestown arid Roxbury and Watertown were to Cambridge. The complaint of being " straitened for the want of land," which was put forth by him thus early, appears to have been adopted by many of the early settlers. The tovraship of Sudbury, of which Marlborough was the offshoot, was granted as early as 1638, and was incorporated the year follow ing. In May, 1640, on petition of the inhabitants of Sudbury, the General Court granted an addition of a mUe in width on the south- 64 500 east and south-west sides of the plantation. The same year, six hundred additional acres were added to Sudbury. In consequence of Indian hostilities and the exposed situation of Dedham, Sudbury and Concord, the General Court, in 1645, ordered, " That no man now inhabiting or settled in either of these towns, (whether married or single,) shaU remove to any other place without the allowance of a Magistrate or other Selectman of that town, until it shall please God to settle peace again." But if the good people of Sudbury could not go out of town in quest of land, they could do that which was practically the same thing — hing land into town. For, on petition of the inhabitants, the General Court, in 1649, passed the following order: " Sudbury is granted two miles westward, next adjoining them, for their further enlargement ; provided it prejudice not William Brown in his two hundred acres already granted." But not satisfied Avith the possessions they had aheady acquired, several of the leading inhabitants of Sudbury, in May, 1656, preferred a Petition to the General Court, in which they set forth " that they had lived divers years in Sudbury, and God had been pleased to increase their children, which had, divers of them, grown to man's estate ; and many of the Petitioners had grown into years, so that they would be glad to see their children settled, before the Lord should take them hence ; and also that God had given them some considerable quantity of cattle, so that they were so straitened that they could not so com fortably subsist as could be desired ; and as some of them had taken pains to view the country, and had found a place westward, about eight miles from Sudbury, which they conceived might be comfortable for their subsistence : " Whereupon, they prayed that a tract, eight miles square, might be granted them, and they very generously assured the Court that they would pay the expense of laying it out, and " shall no further trouble this Honored Court." This Petition, signed by thirteen prominent citizens of Sudbury, was answered by a grant six miles square, which includes the present town of Marlborough. The grantees were — Edmund Rice, John Bent, Sen., John Woods, John Howe, WiUiam Ward, Peter Bent, Thomas King, John Maynard, Henry Rice, Richard Newton, Edward Rice, Thomas Goodnow, and John Ruddocke. But it appears by the Records of the General Court, that a portion of the land thus prayed for by the Sudbury petitioners, had already been granted to the Indians, and hence some alteration was subse quently made in their boundary, to avoid a conflict with the Indian grant. It seems that the Indians had, for some time before the settle ment of the place by the English, occupied a field of some two hundred 501 acres, including the spot on which we are assembled, and extending southerly to the main road, which they had cultivated with corn, and on which they had an orchard in bearing. The grant made to them in 1654, extended north from this planting-field, three miles, to a point across the Assabet, and thence to the eastward, to the line of Sudbury ; so that the Indian Plantation, known by the name of Ockoocangansett, included the north-east section of the town, and even embraced the land on which the first meeting-houses were erected. The English Plantation granted in 1656, lying west and south of the Indian Plantation, included most of the present towns of North borough, Westborough and Southborough. Having obtained their grant, the Petitioners assembled in 1656, and Edmund Rice, William Ward, Thomas King, John Ruddocke, and John Howe, were chosen a Committee " to put the affairs of said new Plantation iu an orderly way." On the following year, WiUiam Kerley, John Rediat, Solomon Johnson, Samuel Rice, John Johnson, Thomas Rice, Peter King, and Christopher Banister, were added to the list of proprietors. On the 3Ist of May, 1660, old style, being the 12th of June, accord ing to our present reckoning, the Plantation was incorporated by the name of Marlborough. Having become a body corporate, they pro ceeded to divide a portion of their lands, and about one thousand acres were laid out as house-lots, to thirty-eight proprietors, according to their interest in the Plantation, varying from fifty to fifteen acres. Meadow lots were soon after granted to the respective proprietors. True to Puritan instinct and the spirit of the age, our pious ancestors embraced the earliest opportunity to provide for the support of a gospel minister. As early as 1660, a rate was made for Rev. Mr. Brims mead, their minister, and on the year following a house was erected and presented to him as his residence. This was followed by the erection of a meeting-house, by laying out of highways, and adopting such other measures as were necessary to carry forward the settlement, and provide for their future wants. I have thus, my friends, introduced your ancestors into this town, and as they have shown themselves perfectly competent to take care of themselves, I shaU leave them to manage their own affairs, in their own way ; remarking, however, by the by, that they gave early evi dence that they belonged to the " church militant," and were ready to " contend for the faith once delivered to the saints," and to persevere to the end. Nothing of moment occurred tUl the breaking out of PhiUp's war in 1675, — a war which taxed the energies of the Colony and the courage of the people to their fuUest extent. In 1676, the Indians, led on by their bold and daring Chief, spread desolation and dismay through the 502 frontier towns. Groton, Lancaster, Brookfield and Medfield, were laid in ashes, and many of their inhabitants slain. Nor did Marlborough escape the calamities of this war. When assembled in the house of God, in the very acts of devotion, the appalling cry that the Indians were upon them, was heard ; instantly the congregation was dispersed, and scarcely had they arrived safely within their garrison, when the rolling volumes of smoke and flame revealed the fact that not only their private dwellings, but the house dedicated to the holy cause of religion, was to be laid in ashes. This calamity, and the defeat and destruction of Capt. Wadsworth and his company at Sudbury, caused a general dispersion of the inhabitants, many of whom sought shelter in more populous and less exposed towns. The return of peace brought back the inhabitants ; but from 1690 to 1713, a state of mingled rejoicing and apprehension prevailed. When the people returned, like the Jews from their captivity, they rebuilt their place of worship, and general outward prosperity ensued. But though the Indians never made their appearance in any consider able force within the township, they kept up a predatory warfare, entering the town stealthily, in small parties, and carrying women and children into captivity. Several thrUUng instances of this kind occurred, the tradition of which has been transmitted to the present generation. I shall not dwell upon the events M'hich transpired from time to time, or note the incidents which are common in every settlement. The loss of their worthy minister, in 1701, cast a gloom over his devoted flock, and was followed by two or three years of distraction in the church ; but the settlement of Rev. Mr. Breck, in 1704, dis pelled the dark cloud which had hung over them, and brought them to the enjoyment of the mild and genial rays of the Sun of Righteous ness. The township of Marlborough being large, and a portion of her inhabitants having settled in " Chauncy," as the westerly part of the town was then caUed, it became inconvenient for them to attend church at the old temple, and hence, on their petition and with the consent of the people in the central and eastern parts of the town ship, the western section, in 1717, was erected into a town, taking, from its geographical position, the name of Westborough. Actuated by similar feelings, and the same mutual good-will, in 1727, the people of Stony Brook, with the consent of all parties, rose to the dignity of a municipal corporation, and took the name of South borough. Westborough was subsequently dismembered, the northern section taking the name of Northborough. Thus has old Marlborough been not only the mother of emigrants, but of towns. She has not only sent out her sons and her daughters, 503 by the score, to people other and distant places, but when any of her children have manifested a desire to set up for themselves, she has, like a wise and beneficent parent, given them a liberal sUce from the old homestead ; and her children, thus endowed, have neither wasted their substance, hke the prodigal, nor, like the unfaithful servant, hid their talent in the earth. Marlborough, instead of repining at her reduced dominion, has had reason to rejoice that, of her abundance of land, she has been able to settle her offspring around her. She has had no occasion to adopt the mournful strain of the Prophet, ' I have nourished and brought up chUdren, and they have rebeUed against me ; ' but rather to say with pride, in the language of the same Prophet, ' Behold me, and the children God hath given me.' The death of the Rev. Mr. Breck, in 1 73 1, was a severe affliction to the good people of Marlborough. He had been an exceUent min ister, and during his labors with them the church had prospered, and the people had dwelt together in peace. But after his decease, divi sions arose, and matters became complicated, so that those who sur vived the contest might be said with propriety to have " come out of great tribulation.'' But the limits I have prescribed for myself will not permit me to go into details. It must sufiice to say that the most trying scenes through which the town has been caUed to pass, were those connected with the Indian and Revolutionary wars. From 1723 to 1763, the wars of Great Britain with Spain and with France kept the Colony in a state of almost perpetual excitement. In the latter case, the Indians were united with the French ; and their frequent incursions into the settle ments spread anxiety and alarm through the community, and called for heavy drafts of soldiers. Marlborough, though removed from the immediate theatre of the French and Indian wars, furnished many soldiers, and was subjected to heavy expenditures. Were it not for the more recent trials of the Revolutionary struggle, the difficulties and privations, the dangers and sufferings of the " old French war," as it was formerly denominated, would be handed down to our chil dren, as furnishing scenes in our history which should be engraven upon the tablets of their memories. In those wars Marlborough furnished some two hundred men, some of whom were called out from year to year, and subjected to all the toils and dangers of Indian warfare. The secret ambush and the midnight surprise, the torture and massacre attendant upon their warfare, the campaigns in the wUderness in the midst of winter, rendered the service at that period peculiarly trying. This war proved a severe drain upon the town, both with reference to means and to men. But both were offered with an alacrity which showed the devotion of the people to the great cause of civil and religious freedom. 504 But the peace of 1763 brought these trials to a close, and gave, as we might suppose, tranquillity to the Colony. The people had shown their devotion to the crown, and their readiness to expend their treasure and their blood to defend his Majesty's Colonies, and even to extend his dominion upon these shores. In this manner they had laid the Parliament under great obligation to acknowledge their services, and respect their rights. But strange to teU, the ministry embraced this very period of peace to rivet the fetters upon the very people who had fought their battles, and given success to their arms. It was at this period that Great Britain commenced her odious system of taxa tion, wliich finally drove the Colonies to resistance. The ingratitude of the mother country, and the insidious steps taken by the ministry to bring the Colonies to submission, raised a strong feeling of opposi tion to their measures throughout the Province. In this feeling the people of Marlborough participated. They promptly responded to the caUs of patriotism, and adopted the necessary steps to vindicate their rights. They resolved that they would refrain from the consumption of all articles on which the odious tax was imposed, and withdraw their patronage from those who persisted in importing such articles into the country. And as the controversy progressed, it found the people of Marlborough ready to meet the emergency. When entreaty proved unavailing, and remonstrance was disregarded; when they saw a fixed determination on the part of Great Britain to enforce her op pressive and unconstitutional laws at the point of the bayonet ; hke the rest of the Colonists, the people of this town prepared, as best they could, for a sterner contest. And when the blood of their slaughtered countrymen on the plain of Lexington cried to them from the ground, the call was not unheeded. The news reaches Marlborough about eleven o'clock, and the effect is electrifying. The drums are beat ; the alarm guns are fired ; messengers are dispatched in every direction. The farmer quits his plow ; the mechanic leaves his shop ; and before two o'clock, about one hundred and ninety freemen are on their way to the scene of action. Nor did their zeal expire with this first effort. They left their business without an hour's warning ; they remained in the ser vice from ten to forty days ; and many of them enUsted into the eight months' service ; being resolved that the lawless band who had com mitted such outrages at Lexington and Concord, should confine their operations to the peninsula of Boston. I shall not follow our Fathers through the Revolutionary struggle. It is suti[icient to say, that the men who gave this earnest of their devotion to the cause of liberty, persevered to the end. The fields of Bennington, and White Plains, and Rhode Island, and Monmouth, 505 witnessed their fidelity; and the labors and sufferings endured, at home and abroad, prove that freedom had no truer sons than those who were nursed in the lap of old Marlborough. To describe the war in detail, so far as the town is concerned ; to enumerate the efforts that were made, and the privations that were endured, during the protracted struggle, would carry me far beyond my prescribed limits. Nor have I time to present the exhaustion that was felt, after the excitement of the war was over, bringing a lassitude more trying than the struggle which preceded. But these trials have passed away. Day has dawned upon the laud over which the dark night of privation and suffering had long brooded. The busy hum of industry is now heard, where the savage yell and the alarm of war once sounded ; and the smiles of peace light up the hills and vales with which we are surrounded. But in the midst of the prosperity which we enjoy, let us not forget the toils and dangers, the sufferings and privations to which the fathers and mothers of the Revolution were subjected, and which they bore with unexampled fortitude, that they might leave a priceless inheri tance to their descendants. Citizens of Marlborough — Permit me to congratulate you on this joy ful occasion. You have done well in celebrating this Anniversary. It is our duty, at stated times, to leave our usual occupations, step aside from the strife of business and the bustle of life, to contemplate our origin, commune with past ages, and do honor to those who have gone before us. And surely it is not too much to devote one day in two centuries to the contemplation of the deeds of our Fathers, to whom we are indebted for so many blessings. It is right we should review their history, and recount their noble deeds. With some of their trials and privations, with their patriotic efforts for the State, and their self- sacrificing labors for the church, we have been made acquainted by the written word of history, and the living voice of tradition ; and it is our duty to transmit these records of the past to the generations which shall come after us. The deeds of our ancestors, perforrned under the guidance and smiles of a benignant Providence, must not be permitted to sleep in darkness and in death. " Our Fathers taught them to their sons. And they again to theirs ; And we '11 convey them safely down To our succeeding heirs." In the pleasing services and joyful festivities of this day, the present inhabitants of this town, whether native or adopted, deUght to join. They raUy around the hearth-stone of old Marlborough, and are proud 506 to call her. Mother. The towns which have been set off from the Old Dominion are here to-day, with fond recollections of the past. They have gathered at the old homestead, and with filial emotion, bless the nursery in which they were reared. Though they have set up for themselves, and are " well to live" in the world, they are not ashamed of their origin, or unmindful of the paternal hand which guided their infant feet, or the maternal bosom on which they reclined for protec tion and repose. And the individuals who were born upon her soil, and whose for tunes have been cast elsewhere, have returned on this Anniversary occasion, to interchange cordial greetings with their friends and kin dred, and to join with them in doing reverence to the place of their birth. Though they have been absent in body, they have not severed the ties which bind them to the scenes of their childhood, and to the companions of their youthful pastimes. And whatever may be their situation in the future, or wherever their lot may be cast in times to come, I am persuaded that those who are here to-day, and whose hearts have been touched by the spirit of the occasion, wiU add the fond recollections of this Anniversary to the many pleasing memories of their native town ; and as the years roll round, and time and space separate them more and more from this place, their thoughts will from time to time turn to the abodes of their ancestors, and their early im pressions, and their first love, will be called up afresh. And, my Friends, while you are rejoicing in your birthplace, and doing homage at the tombs of your Fathers, wUl you permitjone who has been absent as a resident more than forty years, to bring his humble offering of fiUal regard, and lay it at the feet of old Marl borough, " which is the mother of us aU." My connections with this town are neither few nor remote. My parents and grand-parents have been residents among you. My maternal ancestors extend back to the first settlement of the township, when Abraham Williams received a grant of land upon the border of your beautiful lake, and became a permanent citizen. And when, more than a century ago, a dark cloud hung over the community, and apprehensions were felt that the sound of the war-whoop might break the silence of midnight, or the blaze of the dwelling might light its inmates to their graves ; when fears were entertained for the safety of the Colony itself, so that " despair was a secret companion, and the sons of Uttle men were afraid," my paternal ancestor, John Hudson, with two of his sons, took the field, in company with other stout-hearted sons of Marl borough, to guard the homes of the citizens, and defend the Colony against the combined attacks of the French and Indians. And in the glorious struggle for our Independence, the same ancestor, with eight 507 hardy sons, was among those who, like Moses, » were not afraid of the King's^ commandment," but showed their devotion to liberty by arming in its defense. My parents held a humble position in this community, and have found a resting-place beneath your soil. Three sisters, reared beneath the same roof with myself, repose in yonder graveyard, while I, the sole member of the family, remain. It was within this town, and in sight of this very spot, that I drew my first vital breath. Here were the sports of my childhood ; and here, amid the gay visions of youth, were formed those habits, and those modes of thought, which' have contributed to shape my humble destiny. In your venerable old meeting-house on the southerly slope of this hiU, I was, by parental fidelity, offered up to Him in whose service I have attempted to labor in the community. In your schools I received my first lessons of instruction, and in the same little seminaries, forty years ago, I endeavored to impart the rudiments of science to your chUdren, some of whom I have had the pleasure of greeting this day. I have min gled my labor with your soil, and devoted some of my most anxious thought to the improvement and welfare of those confidingly com mitted to my care, when their minds were the most susceptible of impressions. I mused in early life upon your delightful scenery ; and your beau tiful hiU-sides, your placid lake, your forests of fruit-trees, which attracted my early gaze, have left an impression upon my heart which the cares of an active and somewhat varying life have by no means effaced. And never did the glorious old tovm appear more lovely than she does to-day. Her rich verdant carpet, decked and adorned with flowers of various tints, her fruit and ornamental trees, casting their cooling shade upon the fair fields and lawns, and giving a deeper hue to the face of nature, her gracefully swelling elevations, and her broad, luxuriant vales, — these, blending in nature's harmony, present a scene of rich and varying beauty rarely to be met with. But her flowery meads and grassy hiU-sides, her gentle flowing river and her murmuring rills, her fields with golden harvests, and her orchards bending with delicious fruits, however pleasing to the eye or grateful to the sense, are less dear to my heart than the fond recoUections of past friendships, renewed this day by cordial greetings and generous sympathies. The past and the present — all that I have known heretofore, and all I have witnessed this day — combine to strengthen the ties which bind me to the old homestead ; and what ever may be my fortune, during the rest of my brief sojourn here below, the recollections of Marlborough will be fondly cherished, and her prosperity and happiness will ever cheer and gladden my heart. 66 508 At the close of the Address, which was listened to with deep interest, the Musical Association of the 'Borough Towns sung, to the air of " Fair Harvard," the following ORIGINAL ODE: BY HOKATIO ALGEE, JE. From the door of the homestead the mother looks forth, With a glance half of hope, half of fear, ' For the clock in the corner now points to the hour, When the children she loves should appear. For have they not promised, whatever betide, On this, their dear mother's birth-day. To gather once more round the family board, Their dutiful service to pay. From the East and the West, from the North and the South, In communion and intercourse sweet, Her children have come on this festival day, To sit, as of old, at her feet. And our mother, God bless her benevolent face ! How her heart thriUs with motherly joys. As she stands at the portal with arms opened wide. To welcome her girls and her boys. And yet, when the first joyful greetings are o'er, When the words of her welcome are said, A shadow creeps over her motherly face, As she silently thinks of the dead — Of the children whose voices once rang through her fields, Who shared aU her hopes and alarms, Till, tired with the burden and heat of the day, They have fallen asleep in her arms. They have gone from our midst, but their labors abide On the fields where they prayerfuUy wrought ; They scattered the seed, but the harvest is ours, By their toil and self-sacrifice bought. As we scan the fair scene that once greeted their eyes. As we tread the same paths which they trod, Let us tenderly think of our elders by birth, Who have gone to their rest and their God. God bless the old homestead ! some linger there stiU, In the haunts which their childhood has known, WhUe others have wandered to places remote. And staked out new farms of their own ; 509 But time cannot weaken the ties Love creates, Nor absence nor distance impede The filial devotion which thrUls all our hearts, As we bid our old mother, God speed ! While these services were going on in the Pavilion, the Schools of Marlborough and the neighboring towns, with their friends, under the direction of D. B. Goodale, to the number of thirteen hundred persons, having formed a portion of the grand Procession on a part of the route, repaired to Fairmount, where they spent the time very pleasantly in singing appropriate pieces, listening to addresses from several gentlemen, and partaking of refreshments with which each scholar was furnished, inclosed in a neat hag, with a suitable motto on the outside. After these Commemorative Exercises were closed, a Proces sion was formed of those holding tickets to the dinner, which proceeded to an ample tent, located on land of Henry Rice, Esq., a little south of the Town-House, in which plates had been laid for sixteen hundred people, by J. B. Smith, of Boston. When the tables were filled with guests, the President of the day, in calling them to order, spoke as follows : Ladies and Gentlemen: By direction of the Committee of Arrangements, and in behalf of the inhabitants of Marlborough, I extend to you, one and all, a hearty, cordial welcome on this occasion, so fuU of deep interest. They are made proud and happy by this visit, and the noble response which has been given to their invitation. And, let me say, more especially does Marlborough rejoice to see her children and grand-child, after so long an absence, return in such numbers to the maternal roof, to pay their homage and gratitude to their aged and venerable parent, for the care and protection she bestowed upon them, untU they became of age and set up for themselves. Well may she feel a just pride in her offspring, who, after so long an absence, return at her bidding, not in poverty or disgrace, but exhibiting all the signs of health and prosper ity, and coming home to greet their aged parent with affection and gratitude. UnUke the prodigal son, they have not spent their patri mony in riotous Uving, and been made to eat husks, or come clothed in rags ; but by their enterprise, industry and sobriety, they exhibit aU the signs of respectability and independence. Like another personage in the same parable, this aged mother, when apprised of her children's approach, ran out to meet them, greeted them with a mother's affection, has, as you see, killed the 510 fatted calf, and in her joy has made a feast, which you see before you. There is another fact which adds to her pleasure. There is no eldest son or daughter who is wroth, and refuses to come in ; but aU are here, joyous and happy. Where shall we find a parallel to this spectacle ; — a venerable matron, two hundred years old, with her children and grand-child around her, so far from exhibiting signs of decay, she is, if possible, more vigorous than ever, and shows more activity, enterprise, wealth, comforts and luxuries, than she did a hundred years ago. Let us, then, as representatives and in behalf of the chUdren and grand-child, ever hold her in grateful remembrance for her hospi tality, and the kindness and liberaUty which we have received at her hands. A blessing was then invoked by Rev. William Morse, of Tyngsborough, a former minister of Marlborough. At the close of the dinner, the following Original Ode was sung, composed for the occasion, by William F. Allen, Esq., of West Newton. With praises and thanksgivings To God, our hearts o'erflow. Who guided here our fathers Two hundred years ago. The seed they freely scattered Has yielded hundred-fold. And farm, and shop, and fireside Bless those good men of old. Their sons who this day gather, Their praise to celebrate. Have gone through every nation, Have founded many a state ; But dear New England ever, Where'er the wanderer strays, Is home to him in manhood, As in his childhood's days. Thou, whose right hand led hither Those men whose names we bear. And who hast kept their children Within thy fostering care ; May peace, and thrift, and virtue, Still bless this ancient town. And may our acts ne'er sully Our noble sires' renown. 511 At the close of the repast, the President of the day spoke as follows : Ladies and Gentlemen : Occupying the position which has been so generously assigned me, it is my earnest desire to discharge the duties of the Chair in the most faithful manner. I beg leave, therefore, to call your attention to a subject of vital importance to you all, although it is painful for me to allude to it. But as I am placed here not only to preserve order, but also to preserve you from harm, and feeling that many of you were exposed to immi nent peril, without, perhaps, being aware of your danger, I can no longer keep silence ; and I have no doubt many of you wUl hereafter hold me in grateful remembrance for this timely warning. Perhaps there is no branch of science upon which more has been written, none which has engaged the attention of the most learned to a greater extent, than that of physiology ; and no part of this sci ence has been more ably discussed than that relating to diet. Now, if I mistake not, all writers agree that, if we would preserve health and secure long Ufe, we must practice temperance in eating as weU as in drinking, and that excessive indulgence in either is perilous, if not fatal, in its consequences. As I was early apprised that the renowned J. B. Smith (long known among epicures) was to be the caterer here, I have felt great solicitude lest he, as usual, should spread before you too many temptations ; and looking around these tables during this repast, perceiving the industry displayed here, and how rapidly the edibles disappeared, my anxiety has got the better of my modesty ; and, painful as it is, I feel con strained to say to you, that in my humble opinion, any farther indul gence wiU, most likely, be attended with consequences, to many of you, fearful to contemplate. I would, therefore, most earnestly urge upon you, one and aU, at once to sign the pledge to abstain from fur ther indulgence. You will perceive that this warning is the more timely, when I inform you that there is another course to be served up, of several kinds of toast, very highly seasoned, and full of spice, which has been prepared and wiU be spread before you. And let me add, that if any of you are caUed upon, or desire to express an opinion as to the quality of the toast, I am requested by the Committee of Arrange ments to Umit each speaker to not exceeding ten minutes. As so many have come here primed and loaded, each must have an oppor tunity to discharge himself. Now I trust it wiU be remembered that I have been a distinguished (?) mUitary man, evidently born to command. I trust, therefore, no one wiU presume to disobey orders. 512 I will now introduce to you Hollis Loring, Esq., the Toastmaster of the day. Mr. Loring then read the following sentiments : 1. This Centennial Gathering of the 'Borough Families — An occasion consecra ted to grateful recollections, to cherished anticipations, and to social, fraternal and Christian greetings. 2. A cordial welcome home to our eldest Daughter, 'Westhorough, — who, one hun dred and forty- three years ago, received our western border for her inheritance ; whose precepts and examples have been a noble Reform School, even to the present generation. Hon. Edward Mellen, of Wayland, a native of Westbor ough, responded substantially as follows : Mr. President : Through you, let me express my thanks to my townsmen for the honor they have done me in this call to answer for them on this great occasion. They have done this, doubtless, because they know that though removed from them, my heart abides 'ever with the friends and associates of my youth. The oak is not an unfit emblem to express my attachment to my native soil. They will permit me to say that few things could be more grateful to me, after an absence of many years, than to feel, as I am made this day to feel, that I stiU fill a space in their kind regards. Let me assure them, too, that whatever success or distinction I have won in the world, they are chiefly grateful to me in that I can share them with my fellow- townsmen. I see around me men whose wise counsel and actions won my youthful regard, and whose consistency, fidelity and purity through life, now in their old age chaUenge my reverence. The younger generation is known to me, mainly, by wearing the blended features of their parents, the companions of my youth ; and they, too, share largely in my kind regards. And, Mr. President, aa we came up this morning in tribes, in the procession, I confess my heart warmed to the tartan, and I am here to do their bidding. We one and all thank our hosts for the honor of joining them in expressing our regard for our common ancestors. We cannot forget, on this or on any occasion, how close and near is the aUiance of yovu: families with our families, alike honored in your and our memories ; the Brecks, the Parkmans, the Brighams, the Howes, and a long cat alogue of famUies, common to both, and revered alike in both munici palities. We come, and with one blending voice and sympathy, greet you on 513 this occasion, hallowed by its great associations, by memories calling up a line of common and honored ancestry ; and by anticipation, hailing the generations that in long succession are to fill the places we now fill. We hail this auspicious occasion, and rejoice to join with you in its celebration. It is fit and orderly thus to unite in paying honor to the dead. There is a weak and pusillanimous pride of ancestry that debases ; and there is a re-spect for ancestors which the heart owns and the understanding ratifies, which exalts the character and refines the intellect. Under the influence of this sentiment, as we came up this morning through your beautiful town, your hills and plains assumed a new appearance, a fresher aspect, beneath the inspiration of thronging associations. They seemed to kindle into beauty as we thought of the toils, and sympathized with the sufferings, of our com mon ancestors, as we came at the end of two centuries to manifest our regard for their characters, to pay a tribute to their worth, and to express our admiration for their heroism. Let us glance at some of the facts in their history. In the three French wars, extending through a term of thirty-three years, probably there was not a township in New England without a loss of more or less of her inhabitants ; and in some of these wars hardly a household remained unbroken. During the war in 1745, when Louisburg was taken from the French, I believe the Colonies of New England maintained for one or two years, and paid from their own treasures, more men against the French than were mustered into service at any one time in our late war with England. These various wars, with the King PhiUp war, lasted for thirty-four years. During these wars, the lines between the Colonies of the two great nations were often run in fire and blood by the aUied arms of Old England and New England, on the one hand, and of France and her Indian aUies, on the other, tiU in 1763, on the ridges of battle, was planted the olive of peace. From the first settlement of this town to the close of the Revolu tion, our fathers had been engaged in wars for the term of forty-two years. Adding the harrassing and murderous wars from 1660 to the I2th of August, 1676, the date of the close of the King Philip war, when the infant Colonies literally, without a figure of speech, slept upon their arms, cultivated and gathered their crops with arms in one hand and the implements of husbandry in the other, they had wars for the space of fifty-eight years. In looking over the histories of our towns, one is struck with wonder at the courage and perseverance of the men of that day. About twenty months after the treaty of Paris, in 1763, the British Parhament, on the 22d day of March, 1765, passed the Stamp Act. 514 We forget the impolicy of that measure of legislation, when we think it was aimed at those colonists who had shared the hardships, and won with their allied arms the success and glories of the conquest. It is now nearly a century and a half since we parted from fhe parent town. We were then a feeble, scattered band, hovering, trem bling on the verge of the frontier of civilization, having no town between us and Brookfield on the west, at the distance of forty mUes. Since then we have one fair daughter. She is settled in that beautiful valley, protected on the north, east and west, by sheltering hills. You will permit us to praise her, as all famUies are proud of an only daughter. We trust, Mr. President, you will contrive, before this occasion is passed, to unseal the golden lips of silence, and let us all hear her voice. Our fathers took the Puritan doctrines that united purity with firm ness, from their homes in England, and transferred and practiced them in their new homes here in the wilderness, whither they went. Permit me here, as I have not the fortune to have my home in my native town, to speak freely of the virtues of those who remain in the old hive. Of the living, let us pass them in silence, for it has been well said, " The voice of eulogy sounds ever harsh, save when it comes back, softened by an echo, from the tomb." The town of Westborough has not forgotten either the educational or religious institutions of the forefathers. She has sent forth into all the learned profes.sions men who have reaped in all a harvest of renown. We could mention individuals in each calling, but it might seem invidious. We have sent forth one, Eli Whitney, (he bore, while living, his honors so unostentatiously, that he excited no man's envy,) who, by his inventive genius, trebled in value the whole cotton growing lands of the South. This is said by Judge Johnson, an entirely competent authority, to have been done by the invention of the cotton-gin. But let me say, however, that it is not mainly in their material wealth, they have a right to claim distinction ; but in industry, manly independence, intelligence and freedom of thought ; it is in these they have a right to stand as the peers of the inhabitants of any other municipality. Mr. President, I could not suppress the spontaneous utterance of so much of praise of the past generations, and would not, if I could. After a somewhat careful study of their character, I am happy, on this occasion, to give this tribute to their memory. It is fit and be coming that local histories and local celebrations should be multiplied. They tend to preserve the memories of those good men, whose lives have been a continual struggle against an adverse current, beneath which, at last, they have sunk ; leaving none to record their fate or 515 their virtues, after the living witnesses have passed away. They were types of those, of whom a recent Scotch poet, NichoU, has sung, he being one of the number : The pious poor man sleeps at length, Where pains and toils are o'er ; The bitter wind — the hunger fiend — Can torture him no more. These celebrations will make more lasting the memory of such as exist in every locality, men and women, whose character and virtues are their priceless treasure, and who deserve a memorial as lasting as marble. Such as these, are the glory of the homes of our childhood, whom we can never forget, and whom we can never remember without an affectionate regard ; and who endear the scenes with which their memories are forever associated, shedding a light on our pathway at every stage of our progress. These memories of our village Hamp- dens, " inglorious " only for want of an opportunity ; and of that larger class who, by every means within their reach, have been useful in their generation, in order to leave the world better, because they have hved in it, should be gathered up, and made perpetual. Theirs was not a wide theatre, but they acted well their parts ; and for the sake of their locaUties, as well as of themselves, their memories should not be permitted to perish from among men. We cannot but feel that it is good for us to be here, to survey anew, as we have to-day, the foundations of our towns ; to trace their varied progress, now weU nigh extinguished in blood ; now, with one united effort, struggling to avert the perUs of despotic power ; and then, emerging into the clear current of freedom, broadening and deepening as it runs. We are here to express our reverence for the characters of the founders of our towns, for their heroism and independence ; to catch and embathe our spirits in the fragrancy of their vfrtues. Our successors wiU rise with far higher opportunities than those of our ancestors, and though pigmies, they wiU stand on the giant shoulders of their and our Fathers ; but most fortunate wiU they be, if they can rival the manly virtues and qualities of those sires. God grant to those, who shaU come in long succession after us, to see by the eye of faith as clear as our Fathers saw in their day, " the chariots of fire, and the horses of fire," that were to go before them to victory. Let me close by a sentiment : To the memory of our Fathers in the ancient town of Marlborough. They laid deep the foundations o'f our prosperity, in establishing free churches and free schools; and whatever success or honors we have won, to their memory we ascribe the praise. 66 516 3. Our fair Daughter, Southborough — Although she resides at the South, yet we are glad to know that she agrees iu sentiment with her Mother ; that she goes for '• free soil, free speech, and free men." The following response was made by Rev. William J. Breed, of Southborough : Mr. President : There is a chord in the human heart which vibrates mysteriously to every whisper, that steals upon us from the solemn shades of antiquity. We feel the inexplicable thrill, when we sit down by the side of a river, and think how many ages before we existed, its restless waters rolled ocean-ward ; and so when we penetrate the forest, heavy with the moss of ages, or gaze upon some stupendous mountain cliff, that has frowned in its solitary grandeur, amidst the warring elements, ever since creation was finished ; and above all, when in the stilly night we gaze upon the glories of the over-canopying firmament, and think how long those silent watchers of the night have traversed their orbits, and poured their light through the illimitable regions of space. With emotions akin to these, does the bosom of the Christian traveler glow, when he contemplates the works and dwellings of the ancient men of renown. As he ruminates among the ruins of Grecian, or Roman grandeur, what thriUing associations rise up around him at every step ! What gigantic forms flit before the mental eye, as in the dim twilight, he muses over broken arches, and crumbling porticoes ! Strange, indeed, is the communion which we hold with the illustrious dead of remote antiquity. We hear the thunder of Demosthenes at Athens, and we see the throne of Philip quake. We behold Cataline return to form new conspiracies against the liberties of Rome, and we see Cicero driving him, with confusion and desperation, from the Senate-house. The sublimest and sweetest notes of Homer and Virgil break upon our ravished ear, and we wander and luxuriate amidst scenes of enchantment. If such are the creations of the fancy by which we find ourselves surrounded, in Greece and Italy, what would be the emotions of the true descendants of Solon, Themistocles and Leonidas, or of Brutus and the Scipios, could they trace back their genealogy to those illustrious men, and surveying the splendid ruins of their power and greatness, say, Those men were our fathers. Their blood still fiows Warm in our veins. Their memorial is embalmed in our hearts, though the glory has long since departed from their once loved land. So natural are such reflections and emotions to man, that there is no civilized nation, or even savage tribe, in which a deep reverence is felt for a remote ancestry. This thrilling interest in the antiqui- 517 ties of a nation to which we belong, may be carried too far ; but more than cold, and casual allusions, are certainly due to the memory of those, from whom, under God, a happy posterity have received une- qualed civil and religious blessings and immunities. If the founders of states and towns were ever entitled to live in the grateful remem brance of their posterity, this honor belongs surely to the first settlers of New England, and of the towns in particular represented here to-day. True, Mr. President, they were not the descendants of the fabled divinities of Troy or Latium, and no kingly arms emblazoned their escutcheons. Their heroic deeds, and patient and victorious sufferings, are not eternized in the sublime and harmonious numbers of Horace or Virgil. Triumphal arches, sculptured monuments, and exquisite paintings, they have not left behind them ; but we mourn not for them the want of classic renown, or royal pedigree. The legacy of our Fathers embraces what is immeasurably superior. Were the heroes of antiquity renowned for daring and fortitude ? Which of them, in those attributes, excelled our Fathers ? Were some of the ancients renowned for their heathen virtues ? Our Fathers, in moral and reUgious qualities, wherein was the hiding of their strength and true greatness, surpassed them, as the sun in brightness excels the flickering taper. They have bequeathed to us, not the orders and insignia of nobility, but the plain, homespun garments of Repub- hcanism, their invaluable Christian counsels and example. In the place of literature and the fine arts, we have their laws and institu tions, which, as a whole, bear the stamp of unexceUed wisdom and forecast. And thanks to the great Author of aU good, instead of splendid ruins, — the smouldering remains of ancient greatness, — we have the busy hum of unparalleled commercial enterprise ; thousands of populous towns and smiUng vUlages, innumerable weU cultivated farms, and colleges and elementary schools, without number. From the same source we have received the institutions of a pure gospel, the Sabbath, and the preaching of that gospel. We have thousands of Christian churches, in which we can worship God according to the dictates of our own conscience, in the place of ruined temples of massive stone, and finished workmanship. Surely our Fathers, the primitive settlers and founders of our fair and beautiful heritage, who have bequeathed to us blessings and im munities far greater than any other people ever possessed or enjoyed, are worthy to be had in everlasting remembrance. The Fathers, the first settlers of this town, were men of no ordinary stamp. They were, most of them, men of good education and of sterling common sense ; they were, many of them, men of true piety. And if we are now, Mr. President, the freest and happiest people in the world, we owe this enviable distinction more to the prayers which they offered up, to the 518 laws which they enacted, to the institutions which they founded, than to all other human means. The three grand pillars upon which they erected our free government, are religion, education, and public virtue. The first town meeting called after the incorporation of Southborough as a town, was convened for the purpose of " procuring a minister of good conversation, to preach God's word." This meeting was held August 14, 1727. And thee hief business of sundry other meetings was to devise ways and means to build a meeting-house. Money to build a meeting-house, and for the payment of a preacher, was promptly raised. The alacrity and self-denial displayed by the Fathers, in that day of small things, is truly surprising. It was not a small affair to build a meeting-house, forty feet wide by fifty feet long, and twenty- four feet stud, in 1727-8 ; but they did it cheerfully, and thus they laid the foundations of their civil, social, domestic and poUtical life, upon the word of God. They procured " a minister of good conver sation, to preach to them and their children." I find, Sir, from an examination of the town records, that the prin cipal expenses which the town incurred for a number of years, after its incorporation, were for the support of religion and its institutions. And I find that the great sacrifices of the people in this connec tion were cheerfully borne ; for they felt that religion was the basis of all true prosperity, both for this and the future life. " God loveth a cheerful giver." They gave, they labored, and sacrificed freely and cheerfully, and the blessing of God was upon them and theirs. Mr. President, if people are disposed to complain of their contribu tions to the cause of religion and good morals in these days, as being onerous, they should be ashamed when they think of the severe and persevering sacrifices made by the first fathers and mothers of Marl borough, and her worthy daughters. But if there were any sacrifices which they made, which paid compound interest, they were those which they made in building upon the only true Foundation-stone, which supports all the prosperity of the family, the town, the county, the state, and the nation. Mr. President, we are called to build upon foundations which our puny hands have not laid. Men and women of other days, of giant strength, of religious principle, and of unblenching fortitude and perseverance — men and women imbued with unwaver ing confidence in God, and of an ardent love for civil and religious liberty, laid the foundations of all the greatness and prosperity over which we this day rejoice. And the fabric which they reared, may be likened to some gothic pile which the skill and caprice of later ages have been employed to adorn, but which is indebted to them for none of its noble pillars, mighty arches, and massive strength. It stiU reposes upon its own deep foundations, and has lost as much, at least in simplicity and majesty, by our attempts to improve it, as it 519 has gained in taste and elegance. We inherit the lands which the Fathers cleared. We send our chUdren to the schools and coUeges which they founded, Uve under the laws which they enacted, and enjoy the liberties which they achieved. Make up this day an inventory of your paternal inheritance, and acknowledge with gratitude what God hath wrought for the people in two centuries. Mr. President, I find that the fathers and mothers of Southborough were not unmindful of the fundamental cause of education. From the record, I learn that the town was indicted in 1732, because they did not maintain a schoolmaster ; also, for not providing sealed weights and measures ; and further, because they did not possess a pair of stocks ! Now, Mr. President, I think their delinquencies may have been to their credit ; for, in the first place, they all behaved so well, that they did not need a pair of stocks ; and in the second place, they were doubtless so honest in their dealings with one another, that they could dispense with sealed weights and measures ; and as to the lack of a schoolmaster, they were living in the strength of the abundant intellectual nourishment, drawn from the paps of their good old mother, Marlborough. But, Mr. President, as soon as the strain upon their resources for the building of a meeting-house, and providing for the preaching of the gospel, and some other pressing necessities, relaxed, they promptly made provision for the education of the rising generation in all "good learning." Within the space of five years, the educational apparatus was in full blast, and Timothy Johnson was appointed their first teacher, and Samuel BeUows, the second — names that should have been inscribed on the town banner to-day, and ever preserved as sacred in her annals. Next to the sanctuary and its ordinances, the fathers and mothers placed the school-house, and the cause it represented. Yea, they were inseparable, in their view. They paid constant atten tion to the religious and intellectual education of their children. They instructed, warned, exhorted, reproved, and when necessary applied the rod of correction, with singular fidelity; parents governed then, and the children obeyed. In short, they made it the grand object of their lives, not so much to lay up riches for their offspring, as to make them affluent in all those virtues which fitted them to become good and useful citizens, ornaments to society, blessings to themselves, their country, and the world. And I am happy to be able to state, that the sons and daughters of Southborough, of the present generation, are emulating, in some respects, the zeal of the first fathers and mothers of the town in this cause. Find me a parallel, in this glorious old Bay State, to what they have done within four years past. Five school- houses, elegant and commodious, with all modern appliances, have been erected, and a noble building for a high school, beautifully fitted up 520 for its exalted mission, has been presented to the town by a munificent citizen. Add to this, that, within about the same time, some thirteen thousand dollars have been expended, by a few of her liberal citizens, for the erection of a beautiful sanctuary and its fixtures, and I think we may say, that there is hope that Southborough will yet take a proud position among the daughters of Marlborough, and send ont her light and influence to bless and make glad our land. And, Mr. President, I have not forgotten to add, that we have a town library of rising two thousand volumes, bearing the name of its hon ored founder, and which, if properly managed, may be a great bless ing to the population of the town, and especially to the young. May the individual who founded it, live a thousand years ; and he will be remembered, when Southborough celebrates her three hundredth anniversary, yea, her thousandth. But, Mr. President, I wish to say another thing about the fathers and mothers of Southborough. They were the steady friends, the active promoters, and the fearless champions of civil liberty. Read the inscription upon our town banner. It conveys to us the instruc tions voted in town meeting, to be given to their representative to the General Court, and by him presented to said Court : " That you would, in the most effectual and loyal manner, firmly assert and lawfully maintain the inherent rights of the province, that posterity may know, that if we must be slaves, we do not choose by our own acts to destroy ourselves, and willingly entail slavery on them." And, Mr. President, we compose in part that posterity, and we do know this day, and recognize with grateful hearts, that the fathers and mothers of South borough nobly acted for us. The crisis came ! The tocsin sounded the alarm over the hiUs and valleys, and none more prompt to buckle on the harness ! See that band of fifty-six men, armed and equipped, and hastening — whither ? — first to the house of God, to breathe out a solemn prayer to the Most High, for his blessing upon their efforts to defend their chartered privileges from arbitrary encroachments. Hav ing recognized their dependence upon the Divine blessing, whither hasten they now, with hearts strengthened and fortified by the Divine benediction ? To Concord ! To do battle with their brethren in arms, against their tyrants, and to pursue the fleeing enemy to his lair, under the ominous shadow of Bunker Hill ! Tell me not, that they were not the ready and fearless champions of civil liberty. Tell me not, that they were not, every one of them, patriots and heroes, who deserve to be had in everlasting remembrance — who could peril life, and prop erty, yea all, for liberty for themselves and us who here this day are reaping the full benefits of their perils, sufferings and sacrifices. The daughter dwelling in the South, was worthy of the dear old mother, dwelling in the North ; and may she never disgrace her noble ancestry 521 by recreancy to God, to liberty, or humanity. Good laws and insti tutions we have, but they will not reform us, if reformation begin not at home. Let us ever remember,, that virtuously educated, and well disciplined families, lie at the foundation of all our future progress and true prosperity. A community is just what its component families make it, vigorous, self-governing and prosperous, or else sunk in im becility, the creature of oppression, and enslaved by vice. The deep seat of the strength of any community, or nation, is to be found in its Christian homes ; not in the Saxon blood that may flow in its veins ; not in the busy commerce of her rivers or coasts ; not in her mineral treasures ; not in her fertile valleys, that wave their golden harvests. No, Mr. President, other nations have possessed all these advantages, but have failed for want of Christian homes. As we gaze upon the gi'oups of happy children and youth who grace this festal day, may the spirit of our first fathers aud mothers be breathed into our hearts, and the holy purpose be formed there, that to perpetuate and enhance the blessings of civil and religious liberty, we wiU henceforth labor and work for the virtuous education of our children. They are our jewels and our hope. In the language of one of our most iUustrious educators, who has just been followed to his honored grave, by thousands of appreciating countrymen, " God has written on man, in letters not to be mistaken, — This being is made to be educated. Without an education, he is a savage. By its aid he may be exalted to a station but littl^ lower than that of the angels." The virtuous education of our children, the support of moral and religious institutions, the framing of good laws, and the prompt and faithful execution of them, — to these fundamental points, may the minds and hearts of aU our citizens be directed. Thus may the true glory and prosperity of the towns of this state, and nation, be advanced and perpetuated. 4. Northborough, our only Grandchild — Worthy, as such, to be regarded with especial favor by her venerable Grandmother. Responded to by George C. Davis, Esq., of Northborough, who spoke as follows : Mr. President : I thank you for this honor ; and in behalf of my native town, I thank you for the kind words in which you have been pleased to notice us. Sir, I regret that circumstances have prevented the attend ance of a gentleman whom we expected to reply to any sentiment you might be pleased to offer to Northborough — a gentleman to whom all 522 would have listened with pleasure. By the record, we are indeed the grandchild of Marlborough, and the child of Westborough ; but. Sir, I presume it is no new thing to you, that in modern philosophy the child may be the father of the parent. Sir, our Fathers have made the record that Northborough was set tled anterior to the mother town, to whom she was a precinct until 1766, when she received an act of incorporation under the present name. Northborough was originally a part of the great Cow Common, which has been alluded to by the orator of the day. And the early records of our good old Marlborough grandfathers further say, that they " voted " that our territory " should remain a perpetual cow common for the use of this town, never to be altered without the con sent of all the inhabitants and proprietors, at a full town meeting ; except four-score acres of upland the town hath reserved vdthin the aforesaid tract of land, to accommodate some such desirable persons as need may require and the town may accept." Mr. President, the native delegation from our borough have cer tainly cause for much self-gratulation, when we meet with you on this two hundredth anniversary of the incorporation of our beloved old homestead, to be able to come before you, and claim that by the family record, we are descended from " desirable persons." And, Sir, if this is true, may we not claim too — and without subjecting ourselves to the charge of egotism — that we have given to our country brave and patriotic men ; to our State, an upright Judge, an " honest " Governor and distinguished United States Senator ; to Congress, able Repre sentatives ; to Christianity, pious and devoted missionaries and minis ters of the gospel; to suffering humanity, skillful physicians. And from us have gone out distinguished lawyers, peace-loving magistrates, eminent merchants, successful manufacturers, thrifty and " desirable '' farmers and mechanics. Mr. President, The inhabitants of our little borough, with some aid from this ancient town, were among the first to establish the great cotton and woolen manufacturing of New England, single mills of which have now outgrown the capacity of any water power within our borders. And, Sir, as early as 1768, my honored grandfather was sent for to come and establish leather manufacturing within our pre cinct ; a single germ from this ancient establishment has covered your verdant hills with happy cottages and busy shops. In educational matters we have endeavored not to fall far behind the times. Our public schools have been in good standing. We have maintained a lyceum for thirty-two consecutive years, before which a series of lectures of high order has been delivered, by many of the most eminent lecturers of the age. We have sent to the State Normal schools more than thirty pupils, who have gone out to all parts of the 523 land— many of whom are stiU successfully engaged as teachers— and in aU things, Mr. President, Northborough has endeavored to prove herself worthy of her honorable ancestry. Mr. President, allow me again to thank you for your very kind and flattering sentiment ; and in return, to propose : — Good old Grandmother Marlborough. — Although she has now passed her two hundredth year, yet by her culture, her thrift, and her indus try, she shows no signs of dotage. 5. The Early Clergy of Marlborough and the Marlborough Association. This sentiment called forth the following response from Rev. Joseph Allen, D. D., of Northborough. Mr. President : I have not much to say, for very little is known of the first minister of this ancient tovra. Rev. WUliam Brimsmead, we are told, began to preach in Marlborough in 1660, just two hundred years ago. He afterwards preached as a candidate in the still more ancient town of Plymouth, where he was invited to settle. He decUned the offer, and returned to Marlborough, where he was ordained in 1666, and where he remained till his death, in 1701. He may have been, as we have no doubt he was, a good man and a faithful and devoted minister ; but, in failing to comply with the Apos- tohc injunction, that " a bishop should be the husband of one wife," we do not think he consulted his own welfare, or that of his people. As for himself, in the growing infirmities of age, he had neither wife nor chUdren to care for him, and so his people very considerately, and much to their credit, voted, as the record says, " to procure a place to remove their minister to, and to provide him a nurse." His house stood on the west side of the beautiful eminence, from which we have just retired, on the very borders of the Indian plantation of Ockoocangansett, and near the site of the old meeting-house. Mr. Brimsmead was buried in the old cemetery in the east village, and an unlettered stone marks the spot where he was laid. Mr. President, I wish I could caU up and place before you, and clothe with the habiUments of Ufe, the faded images of the venerable men referred to in the sentiment to which I am called upon to respond, " the angels of the seven churches," who, in 1725, one hundred and thirty-five years ago, formed the first ecclesiastical association west of Cambridge — if I mistake not, the second ministerial association in 67 524 the American Colonies. Of this goodly company, Robert Breck, of Marlborough, the immediate successor of WiUiam Brimsmead, was " facile princeps," the recognized head, to whom his brethren readily accorded the highest place. Mr. Breck was a native of Dorchester, a graduate of Harvard College of the class of 1700, and his ministry of twenty-six years was to his own flock and to the neighboring churches a perpetual benedic tion. He came here in the freshness of youth, being only twenty-two years of age at the time of his ordination ; and his death, in the very midst of his usefulness and fame, in the forty-ninth year of his age, was regarded as a public calamity. Some of his descendants have risen to distinguished honor, and some of them are now present, and can, if called upon, speak for themselves. Mr. President, I should like to speak of the associates of Mr. Breck, the ministers of the neighboring towns, and to pay to each due honor. But I must content myself with the bare mention of their names. There was Prentice, of Lancaster, three of whose daughters married clergymen in Worcester County. There was Gardner, of Stow, the father of honored sons and daughters. There was Loring, of Sudbury ; and Swift, of Framingham ; and Parkman, of Westboro' ; and Cushing, of Shrewsbury ; names once familiar as household words in all this region, and preserved by their descendants of succeeding generations ; names honored in their day, and intimately associated with the intellectual and religious culture, the social char acter, and, I may add, the material prosperity of the towns of which they were so long the spiritual teachers and guides. For it should be considered, that, at that period of our history, the clergy held a more commanding position than is now accorded to them, or than they choose to occupy. They formed, indeed, a sort of aristocracy ; their famUies interchanged social visits ; and intermar riages between the sons and daughters of clergymen, were events of frequent occurrence. Many of them were men of superior talents, and all of them had received the best culture that the country afforded. Like the judiciary of this Commonwealth, the clergy held their office for life ; and the disruption of the ministerial tie was a rare occurrence, and was looked upon very much in the same Ught as the dissolution of the mari'iage bond. The minister was somewhat of an autocrat within his own domain ; and a ministerial association was an ecclesiastical court, before which matters pertaining to the church, and even questions of a secular nature, were brought for adjudica tion. The seven whom I have named, with those who subsequently were associated with them, thirty-eight in all, have seen the last of earth. 525 and have, at the bidding of the Master, as we trust, "gone up higher." Half a century ago, and somewhat later, a few of the number, venerable men, the relics of a former generation, might have been seen in the College yard on Commencement day, standing in groups, or walking to and fro with a dignified air, seeking out old classmates and College acquaintances, and forming a very pleasing picture of the olden times. I remember them well ; their erect forms, their quaint costume, their silver or gold-headed canes, their polished silver or steel buckles, for the instep or the knee, their snow-white bush wigs, surmounted by the three-cornered, broad-brimmed, low- crowned hat, their long-waisted coats and vests, and shortened nether- garments, unsupported by the ingenious contrivances of modern art — all these are fresh in my remembrance as though they were things of yesterday. Of some eight or ten of the members of the old Marlborough Association, I retain a very distinct recollection. With five of the number I occasionally interchanged ministerial labors, and several of them I regarded as personal friends. One of this number I had, till very recently, hoped to meet on this occasion ; an occasion which he had looked forward to with deep interest, and in the exercises of which he was expected to take a part. But Heaven ordered it other wise ; and it becomes us to bow with perfect submission to the divine decree. Peace to the memory of a good man, a respected citizen, a kind neighbor, a faithful friend, a sincere Christian, — Rev. Sylvester F. Bucklin, of Marlborough ; and peace to the memory of the early clergy of Marlborough and their worthy associates, the ministers of the neighboring churches, who have ceased from their mortal labors, and whose works do follow them. 6. The Legislature of Massachusetts. — Ever mindful of our material interests, yet never forgetful of our personal rights and liberties. 7. The Ancient Order of Free and Accepted Masons. This sentiment was appropriately responded to by Francis C. Whiston, Esq., of Framingham, who exhibited an apron worn by Lafayette at the laying of the Corner Stone of Bun ker Hill Monument, on the 17th of June, 1825. 8. The Founders of Marlborough, true to the old Saxon motto,—" Personal Liberty the antecedent, National Glory the consequent." 526 The Hon. Mr. Albee responded as follows : Sir, if it be deemed appropriate to caU on me to respond to this sentiment, because I chanced to be chairman on the part of the Senate, of a legislative committee, and in that capacity reported the Personal Liberty Bill, and used, I am willing to admit, what little influence I possessed to make it the law of Massachusetts ; let me say, that neither myself nor any other individual can claim much credit to himself for the principles embodied in that law. For, Sir, that law is but the summing up of the liberty-loving instincts of the stock from which we sprung. The text you have given me, seems to imply that our immediate as well as distant ancestors labored to enlarge the circle of individual rights. Is this implication true ? I think it is. Other tribes, and families, and nations of the human race, have sought national greatness at the expense of individual liberty. The Greeks, for instance, beat back the invading hosts of Persia, and ren dered the little territory of Attica and the Peloponnessus more famous than all the rest of the ancient world. But here, the state was every thing, the individual was nothing. On the very day in which Leon idas, with his " bold three hundred," stood at the pass of Thermopylae, the Spartan father must give up his child, if healthy and weU-formed, to the public nurses, to be brought up as an instrument merely to enhance the glory of the state ; and the Spartan mother must sacrifice her offspring, if weakly and sickly, to the wolves of the wUd ; and the Spartan hero and sage must take their meals at public tables, some what less daintily furnished, I trust, than these have been, to which we have just paid our respects, as the substantials consisted of barley bread and black broth, and the desert of black broth and barley bread. Again, the pyramids of Egypt are no more the monuments of na tional greatness than of individual servitude. The Celtic Highlander, — and one nation is a type in some respects of the whole famUy of Celtic nations, — the Celtic Highlander, I say, would stand by his clan and fight for his chieftain, though that chief tain had once and again set his heavy foot upon his individual neck. But not so with the Teutonic stock, and especiaUy with the Anglo- Saxon branch of it, from which we take our origin. This race has ever been remarkably tenacious of individual rights, personal Uberty, untrammeled thought, freedom of speech and freedom of the press, since there has been a press. And, by the way, the invention of the art of printing was made by individuals of this stock. National glory and national greatness have been sought so far only, as that glory and that greatness tended to work out more perfectly individual security and individual happiness. 527 I beg you to notice, Sir, that by this race have been built up all those great safeguards of individual rights, such as reUgious toleration, trial by jury, habeas corpus, &c. &c. No nation of Celtic origin has ever originated one of these, and very few have yet even adopted them. A desire for religious freedom seems to have been a characteristic of aU the nations of Teutonic origin. This desire culminated in the days of Luther, and effected the great Reformation. The Anglo-Saxon branch seems to have gone further, and aimed to secure directly civil liberty embodied in constitutions, and regulated by law. I'ime, Sir, obliges me to leap from peak to peak in history. I wiU therefore say, in short, that to effect this, to gain civil liberty, they throttled King John at Runnymede, beheaded King Charles I. in the street before the palace of White-HaU, and made King James II. an exile from the throne of his ancestors. There is, Sir, yet another sprout from this old Saxon stock. I refer to the Anglo-Saxon-American branch. Has this degenerated, or has it improved by transplanting ? Sir, it is difficuH to say what verdict history wiU record in respect to the present generation ; wUh regard to the past, the verdict is already given. ' Thou hast been weighed in the balance, and not found wanting.' Conceiving a more free and perfect form of government, and de manding a higher degree of religious liberty than England had attained, our Fathers left the pleasant hiUs and valleys of their native land, and braved the dangers of a tempestuous ocean. As they neared these New England shores, the Pilgrims looked out, not upon neatly thatched cottages, flowering hedges and smiling valleys, such as they had left behind them ; but they saw a verdureless coast, hills white with the snows of winter. In fact, nought but a blank wilderness lay before them. Hold, not so. These men and these women had faith in prin ciples. They had principles. They came here for a purpose. And those noble men, and those courageous women, as in that solitary boat they neared that solitary rock in Plymouth harbor, saw, as they gazed in imagination down the (to them) illuminated vistas of futurity, a brighter picture than unfolding time has yet revealed — a nation founded on truth, practicing justice, enjoying liberty. To the end that this vision might become history, our Fathers went to work systematically. Claiming as they did, in addition to the rights the Anglo-Saxon race had already secured, that every human being had a right to be educated, they founded free schools, " those little democracies " by whose instrumentality, aided by the territorial divis ions of Parish, Town, County and State, their descendants were to be educated into a most perfect form of representative national govern ment. 528 But, in process of time, the mother country claimed the right to tax these Colonies without their consent. Their reply was worthy the stock from which they sprung. Not a mill of tax that is laid without our consent will we pay. Here is an invasion of the rights of property ; our individual liberty is jeopardized. Now, Sir, to show how general was this feeling of opposition to this unjust claim of England, it is only necessary to state the fact, that many of the towns, especially in New England, early took action against it — the Borough towns among the rest. The bold, defiant, and yet poUshed declaration of Southborough on this occasion, you have listened to, in the speech of the gentleman who has spoken for that town. Marlborough also, as early I think as 1764 or '65, voted to devote, if need be, themselves and their property to the sacred cause of American liberty. But England pressed her claim, and the result we aU know. The Colonies drew up their great national manifesto. And in this is the crowning glory of the Saxon race. In this they laid higher claims for individual rights than Saxon or Anglo-Saxon had before conceived of; higher, in fact, than ever before had been shadowed forth, except in the Gospel of Christ. They asserted, not that Anglo-Saxon, not that Anglo-Saxon- American, but that " all men are endowed by thefr Creator with certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty and the pur suit of happiness.'' And this declaration they triumphantly main tained at the point of the bayonet, at Bennington, Saratoga, Trenton, Princeton, Valley Forge and Yorktown. Such, Sir, were our immediate Fathers, and men of like stamina were those who, " Daring storm and foe. Sought this blest soil two hundred years ago." 9. Our Pilgrim Fathers. — " They built institutions for men, not men for insti tutions." Responded to by Rev. Peter Parker, D. D., formerly resi dent for many years in China, who spoke as follows : Ladies and Gentlemen : It is quite providential that I am here to-day. On arriving at Framingham, yesterday, from the seat of Government, I learned, inci dentally, there was to be a Bi-centennial Celebration in Marlborough to-day. I instinctively decided. Providence permitting, to be present. I wished to be placed under the influences of such an occasion ; one so 529 interesting and instructive, in its associations and memories. The reaUzation of these influences has greatly exceeded my Uvely anticipa tions. But in being unexpectedly caUed upon to respond to a senti ment, I have not the advantage of pre-meditation, nor, Uke the learned Judge on my right, have I any " thread," to aid me, [Hon. Judge MeUen, who thus designated his brief.] The eloquent Orator of the occasion has beautifully represented you as " standing, to-day, as it were upon an Isthmus of time, which con nects the vast Continent of the Past with the UUmitable domain of the Future." Here, how many reflections rush upon the mind ! What recollections of the past, facts and circumstances of the present, and thoughts of the future, come up upon the occasion ! By the pro gramme, the sentiment to which I am to respond is, " Our Pilgrim Fathers. They built institutions for men, not men for institutions." What a theme ! I would like to elaborate the subject, and dwell upon it half an hour ; but the lateness of the moment, and the Umited time allotted us, preclude extended remarks, and I must content myself with throwing out a few thoughts which have particularly impressed my own mind. Our Pilgrim Fathers ! How the mention of them thrills every heart ! The thought has sometimes presented itself, if it were possible for us to choose the nation, of which of all others we would prefer to be descended, which would we select ? Would it be Russia, the Muscovite stock, or France, Portugal, Spain, Greece or Rome ? No. Neither of them. It would be the very one we claim, the good old Anglo- Saxon race ; and in respect to our origin, it is our highest glory that the blood of the Pilgrim, stock flows vigorously in our veins. Our PUgrim Fathers ! They built institutions for men ? Aye, more. They built institutions for God and men, — institutions for which men have, and ever will, bless them ; and God on high has already, and, to eternity, will reward them. During these exercises I have contrasted the scene before and around me with the state of this town two hundred years ago. I have thought of the little band of the first settlers, described by the Orator, aUuded to by the Poet, convened at the base of yonder hiU, and who, while in the act of imploring protection from God, were surprised by their savage foe ; and could they have looked down the long vista of the coming two centuries, and beheld what we tliis day witness, and know what we know — how the prospect must have nerved their arm to resist the hostile Indian and other foes, and have stimulated their hearts to overcome all obstacles, and convert the then wUderness surrounding them, into the Eden we behold. From reflections on the past and present, the mind goes out and forward to the future, and conceives that, great and marvelous as are the changes of the last two centuries. 530 whoever shall stand where we now do, on the Third and Fourth Cen tennial Anniversary of Marlborough, they will behold progressive revolutions far surpassing all yet witnessed. One of the most important sentiments ever uttered by the great Daniel Webster — name ever dear to us all — has particularly impressed, me on this occasion. It was to this effect, — " Every man should re member he is a link connecting the past with the future." It were well if every one present would take this sentiment home to his bosom, now and here. I behold venerable men around me that have acted in view of this principle ; some, by sending into the world famihes of chil dren and grandchildren, with cultivated intellects and sanctified hearts, to bless the age in which they live ; others, by the productions of their pen, or by the principles they have cherished and maintained, have completed their link iu the chain of continuity. But there are with us not only the grey-headed, the venerable remnant of the generation just passing away ; here are also the young women and young men of Marlborough, on whom it devolves to perpetuate the virtues of a noble and worthy ancestry, and to advance and preserve the great interests handed down to them as a sacred trust. To you let me especially commend the sentiment I have, in substance, quoted. Look you well to that link in time's great chain ; let it be of the best material and without a flaw. It is worthy of special gratitude that you celebrate the Bi-centennial Anniversary of this town as a component part of a distinguished Com monwealth, and of the glorious and happy Union of aU the States. I will only add the devout wish, in which all will pordiaUy unite, that the Third and Fourth Centennial Celebration of the Incorporation of the beautiful and pre-eminent town of Marlborough, may occur under the same blessed Union — which Union may God — the God of our Pilgrim Fathers, and our God — grant to be perpetual. 10. The Orator of tlie Day. — Marlborough may well be proud of such sons. Response of Mr. Hudson. Mr. President : After the indulgence granted me this morning in yonder Pavilion, it would be ingratitude in me to consume the time which has justly been appropriated to invited guests. I wiU simply say that the scenes I have witnessed this day, revive the recollection of past events, and early friendships, which render my native town pecuUarly endearing to me. When I behold the familiar faces around me, I feel as though I had returned to the old homestead, to spend a joyful Thanksgiving 531 under the parental roof. As Marlborough, in aU periods of her history, has been a fruitful vine, I wiU give you this sentiment: Marlborough— The Mother of Emigrants and of Townships. 11. The present Clergy of JtfoWJoroK^A— Though their ranks are now sadly thmned, yet a remnant is left that will never be found wantmg to the cause of sound learning, of vital piety, of unshackled freedom, and practical right eousness. Briefly responded to by Rev. L. E. Wakefield. 12. The Memory of the Recent Dead, Goodale, Field, and Bucklin. "We sympathize with those who weep. Whom stem afHictions bend. Despairing o'er the lowly sleep Of kindred or of friend ; But they, who Jordan's swelling breast No more are called to stem, Wbo in the eternal haven rest — We mourn no more for them." Dirge by the Band. 13. Our Spiritual Guides of Other Days. — ^We gladly welcome them from their distant fields of labor, to our Festival of Commemoration. In response to this sentiment, Rev. George E. Day, D. D., formerly pastor of the East church in Marlborough, now Pro fessor in Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, spoke as follows : Mr. President : The time is fast waning, and therefore instead of saying aU that I would, I avail myself of the opportunity of paying a humble tribute to the memory of my honored predecessor in the ministry in this place, the Rev. S. F. Bucklin. He had taken an active part in the preparatory arrangements for this Celebration, and had hoped to be present with us to-day; but He " whose ways are not as our ways" had ordered otherwise. Rather more than two weeks since, he was borne to the tomb, amid the tears of three generations who loved him, and is now, we doubt not, in a brighter and more blessed assembly above. 68 535 It may seem almost gratuitous to speak of the worth of one who has lived more than half a century in the midst of you, and with whose character none were unacquainted. But the peculiar relation which I sustained to him, for several years, will justify me in speak ing of certain traits of his character which I had special opportunities for observing. As there are some countenances of which it is difficult to get a striking portrait, because no one feature is speciaUy marked, so it is in respect to the characters of some men. Mr. Bucklin never aimed at eminence in the world of letters, and his gifts were of a solid and substantial rather than a brilliant kind. He was also by nature cautious in the formation of his opinions, and gentle in express ing them; but along with all this, he possessed some traits to an uncommon degree, the remembrance of which will be certain to grow in the minds of all who knew him. He possessed. genuine benevolence of character. The law of kind ness was ever on his Ups. He spoke kindly of all men. During aU the years of my acquaintance with him, I cannot recoUect to have heard him speak an unfriendly word of a single human being. He was ever ready to render little acts of kindness, even at considerable inconvenience to himself. His conscientious fidelity in the perform ance of little duties, in bis relations with others, was also a marked trait in his character, and contributed not a little to the general confi dence with which he was regarded. It is often said that' dismissed ministers make poor parishioners. It is certainly a trial of no ordinary kind, for one who has long occupied the central position of influence in a church and congregation to stand aside, and see the special tokens of regard and affection once his, transferred to another. But this trial Mr. Bucklin was enabled by strength from above to convert into a triumph. He early determined to become a model of a dismissed minister. And he did. His suc cessors in the pastoral office all regarded him as a father. One and all, they would testify, if they could be here to-day, that they never found him suspicious, querulous or exacting, but uniformly disin terested, high-minded and fraternal. As years passed on, the people to whom he once ministered learned to appreciate more and more the nobleness of his position. The universal reverence and affection which attended his declining years were but the fitting tribute to the success which had crowned his high resolve to be a true friend to the parish, in his kindness to the ministers of their choice. He also took a lively interest in all that affected the welfare of the community. The promotion of education, temperance and public morality, ever found in him a warm and steadfast friend. He was a good citizen, a good neighbor, a good man. His life and memory 533 are now a part of the history of this lown, and may the legacy of his example be long accounted among its treasures. 14. Tlie First Settlers of New England. — It fell to their lot to establish Civil ization and Christianity in a savage land. They laid the foundation of our prosperity ; let them be gratefully remembered by their children. William Brigham, Esq., being called upon, responded to this sentiment. Mr. Brigham, of Boston, remarked, that though he had not the honor of being a native of Marlborough, yet his ancestor was born and lived here, until mature manhood, and grew up to manhood in that perilous period of the history of the town known as Queen Anne's war. He lived here till the close of George's war, when he, and some fifteen of his friends, as though they had not had enough of frontier life, left the homes which they had so nobly defended, and made a new settlement at Grafton, he selecting for his home the beautiful hill in the westerly part of the town, which stUl bears his name, and from the summit of which the spire of the church of his native town is dis tinctly visible. Though not a native, yet he felt at home. He was among his friends and cousins, and perhaps one-third of the audience before him, had descended from a common ancestor with himself. Among these cousins, he included the Fays, and there was some doubt whether we should have had any Fays here to-day, had it not been for the Brig hams. Mary Brigham, the daughter of John, weU known in history as the heroic defender of her own fireside against the assaults of hostUe Indians, became the wife of Gershom Fay, and the mother of numer ous descendants of that name. He was glad to meet his friends at this Celebration, for be loved to refer to the early history of the Commonwealth, and the heroic men who so nobly performed their mission in subduing the wilderness, and planting the institutions of learning and religion upon the soU of the New World. They were earnest men, and they pressed forward, not with doubt and fear, but with the determination of making the place which they had selected, their permanent home. When a new set tlement was made, it was never abandoned. They might press on to StiU newer lands, and wilder scenes, but they never abandoned the hold which they had once made. The history of every town in New England, justifies this position. They were a people who were never 534 troubled with doubts. They never neglected to build a meeting-house, or a school-house, or to construct roads, or to plant orchards, because it was doubtful whether they would be able to maintain the settlement which they had begun. A settlement once made, was forever there after dedicated to freedom and to free institutions ; and the meeting house was built at once, and the " gospel minister '' settled. Roads were constructed, and orchards planted, and every means adopted to make the settlement permanent. Not one of the Pilgrims returned in the Mayflower, though one half of them had died before she sailed ; and a like determination to remain, and make this " remote corner of the earth " their fixed abode, is seen in every page of the history of the early settlers of New England. Our Fathers have often been ridiculed for their love of land, and their desire to have plenty of room. And to us, it appears rather sin gular that they should have been willing to extend their settlements so far into the wilderness, and to expose themselves to the dangers and horrors of frontier life. Cambridge and Watertown were settled im mediately after Boston. In 1638, they went so far into the wilderness as Sudbury, and even here they soon found themselves straitened for land, and in 1656, obtained permission to settle in Marlborough. This love of expansion may be attributed in part to the character of these pioneers, and in part to the fact that they found in aU parts of the State certain portions of land, in limited quantities, that was free from forests, and produced abundance of grass for cattle. It is a well known fact, that at that time, by reason of the constant annual burning practiced by the Indians, most of the meadows produced large crops of grass, and some of the uplands had been used for the planting of corn, and was as open to the plow as a western prairie, and when our Fathers spoke of being straitened for land, they meant nothing more than that they were straitened for land of that character which would afford sufficient hay and pasturage for their cattle. The mead ows of Sudbury and Marlborough were the source of attraction to them. At the time of the attack on Marlborough, by Philip, the population numbered about fifty persons in all, men, women and chUdren, of whom perhaps thirty were fighting men. The war of PhUip was one of a remarkable character. His movements were rapid, and the first notice of the attack of the enemy, was the attack itself. The assaults on Lancaster, Groton, Marlborough, Sudbury, Medfield, Weymouth, and Rehoboth, were all made within a period of about two months. That assaults so sudden, so destructive and cruel, should have pro duced consternation throughout the Colony, is now no cause of wonder. Nor should we be surprised, if all the acts of the Government, in resisting such assaults and in providing against them, were not the result of wisdom and deliberation. The war was a severe blow to 535 this early settlement. The beautiful orchards which they had planted were destroyed, and the humble dwellings which they had erected were committed to the flames ; yet notwithstanding all this, not a set tler abandoned his home, but as soon as the storm was over, returned to it and made it his permanent abode. But their troubles with the Indians did not end with Philip's war. During the subsequent wars, commonly known as William's war, Queen Anne's war, and George's war, this settlement suffered severely. In 1711, there were no less than twenty-six garrisoned houses, where the inhabitants gathered at night, and slept on their arms. During alrnost the whole period from 1675 to 1725, the settlers here were compelled to have their arms constantly in their hands, to carry them to the house of God, and to be ready at all times to meet their savage enemy. And yet we hear. men talk of chivalry, and courage, as though the people of New England possessed neither. Of the folly of such persons, the whole history of New England bears evidence ; for there never was a people who met more manfully, and resisted more bravely, the obstacles in every path. The record of their courage and patriotism can be read, as well in the histories of Marlborough, Sud bury and Lancaster, as in those of Concord, Lexington and Charles town ; and while we honor the heroes of the Revolution, let us not forget, that the fathers of those heroes were trained in the severe school of the Seven Years' War ; and that they, too, were the sons of men who had passed through an ordeal as severe as that of fire. Prior to 1775, the people of New England had passed through five wars, extending over a period of nearly fifty years, of far greater severity, and attended with more suffering and privation, than that which finaUy gained them their independence. In aU of these it is sufficient to say, that the inhabitants occupying the old eight miles square, acted their part manfully and patriotically. Mr. Brigham concluded his remarks by the foUowing sentiment : The Future Generations who shall occupy the Territory of Old Marl borough— ^lay they emulate the courage, patriotism and virtues of the six generations, which have at all periods of her history defended her soU, and which now sleep so gently beneath the green sods of her beautiful hills and valleys. Rev. Charles H. Brigham, of Taunton, a descendant of the Marlborough Brighams, being called upon, made a very 536 humorous speech, in which he amusingly commemorated the Brighams and Fays of other days, but of which we are unable to give any report. 14. The Memory of Hon. John Davis, — The only Govemor of the State, and United States Senator, the Borough towns ever produced. This sentiment called forth the following response from A. McF. Davis, Esq., of Worcester. Mr. President : No more grateful task could be assigned to a son, than to respond, on such an occasion as this, to a sentiment like the one just proposed. Many of my earliest recollections are twined around the old home stead of Deacon Isaac Davis, in Northborough, where my father was born, and to which, in after-life, he was accustomed to pay frequent visits. The activity of a useful life — the greater part of which was spent in the service of the public — and the excitement of participating in the great events and stirring scenes of our country's history, during that period, never effaced, nor even dimmed his fondness for that spot ; and Tomblin Hill, Hop Brook, and the Plain, were always welcome sights to his eye. Although his visits to this portion of Northborough, which contained the home of his childhood, were more frequent than those to the vil lage, yet he would often, in the course of his drive, take a look at the centre of the town ; and stopping at the old burial-ground, near the Unitarian Church, linger for awhile, examining the condition of the family monuments erected there. Sometimes, too, leaving behind him the village of Northborough, so cosily nestled in the valley of the Assabet, he would climb the hills of Marlborough, to search the records traced in stone, wliich tell where the remains of three gen erations of his ancestors lie deposited in the old cemeteries of this village. Among the names of those ancestors, perhaps none is more familiar in the history of Marlborough than that of Robert Breck, the second minister of this place. The prominence of his name in the annals of this town, and the frequent allusions to it to-day, render any further reference to him, on my part, a work of supererogation. His daughter Sarah, my great-great-grandmother, was married to Dr. Benjamin Gott, a physician, concerning whom we learn, from an obituary notice published in the Boston News-Letter of August 1, 1751, that he was a man of great learning, who was " pecuUarly faithful to his patients, moderate in his charges, and charitable to the poor." Certainly he must have been a popular doctor. 537 Rev. Dr. Allen has related to you to-day an anecdote, handed down in our family, of Robert Breck's habit of reading from a Hebrew Bible every morning, and translating as he read. Of Dr. Gott, it is said, that he kept alive his knowledge of Latin, as did the Rev. Robert Breck his of Hebrew, by reading from a Latin Bible every morning, and rendering into English as he read. How many of the descendants of these learned men — who, in the backwoods of the Massachusetts Colony, thus diligently cultivated their knowledge of the dead languages — could perform the same feat to-day ? Of Dr. Samuel Brigham, the husband of Anna, daughter of Dr. Gott, I sliaU leave the descendants of that name, of whom so many are present to-day, to teU you more. His daughter Anna was the wife of Dea. Isaac Davis, my grandfather, who had come to Northborough to teach the inhabitants of that Borough how to make leather. Mar ried to her, and settled down on the old "Tomblin farm," he remained in the home of his adoption to the time of his death. With his trade of tanning, he combined that of farming. He attained a prominent position among his fellow citizens, and represented them for years in the General Court. In common with many others at that time, he entertained a decided hostility towards lawyers ; and in 1785, he was selected as an appropriate representative of the sentiments of the town of Northborough, to act at a County Convention, to be holden at Leicester. His instructions were, amongst other things, to vote for a petition to the General Court, for the annihilation of lawyers. Very fortunately, this hostility did not prevent my father from following the profession of his choice. Although I cannot claim either of the Boroughs as my birth-place, StiU family associations cluster so closely around the hiUs of Marl borough and the vaUey of Northborough, that they vindicate my claim as a descendant of the Boroughs, to be with you to-day, and to share with you in the pleasures of this Festival. The following volunteer sentiment, handed in by Colonel Dexter Fay, a prominent and venerable citizen of South borough, was read by Dexter Newton, Esq. : Marlborough, a Wonderful Mother,— '^itb Children more than a hundred years old, and a Grandchild fourscore-years-and-ten, sitting on the matemal lap, and not yet weaned. 538 Volunteer sentiment, by Edward Wilkins, Esq. : Our Fathers and Mothers of 1660. — Could they see and know what we do to-day, they would be filled with admiration, like that of the Queen of Sheba, when she beheld the splendor of Solomon. Among the other sentiments read on the occasion, were the following : The 'Venerable Men who are with us to-day. — With age, the common excite ments and warm blood of youth pass away ; hut the heart of the wise man, the older it grows the warmer it feels. The Sons and Daughters of Temperance. — In the practice of their principles, may the Daughters be as pure as the crystal fount, and the Sons as constant as the Waters of Niagara. Our Firemen ; the Minute Men of Modem Times, — Like the Minute Men of old, they subdue their enemy by the use of their arms ; but, like them too, they often find one fire which conquers them — the fire of a lady's eye. The intervals between the sentiments and responses were filled up by the excellent Bands present, which vied with each other in discoursing exquisite music. Other sentiments had been prepared, and other eloquent voices would no doubt have given worthy utterance to the afl'ecting memories, the thoughts and emotions which seemed to gush up spontaneously frora full and overflowing hearts ; but the descending sun gave warning that the time of parting had come, and the great assembly quietly dispersed, each to his own home, and the sphere of his accustomed duties ; but all apparently well pleased to have spent one day in commemo rating the virtues of their Forefathers, and reviving the friend ships of earlier years. In the evening an Instrumental Concert was given in the Dinner Pavilion, by Hall's (Boston) Band, Gilmore's (Boston) Band, and the Marlborough Cornet Band. It was attended by a large audience, by whom the music was highly enjoyed. Fireworks, from the residence of Mr. Samuel Boyd, and other parts of the town, closed the festivities. Thus ended a day which will be ever memorable in the annals of Marlborough ; a day which had been long looked forward to with eager interest and pleasing anticipations. These anticipations were fully realized. The weather was all 539 that could be desired, and the hills and valleys were clad in verdure and beauty. The arrangements for the occasion were successful. Each performed well the duties assigned them. The Commemorative Exercises fully met the expectations of those who came to enjoy them. All felt that this reunion of the Sons and Daughters of old Marlborough, according to the hope expressed by the Committee of Arrangements in their card of invitation, had been "a glorious and happy one, full of deep interest and rich enjoyment while it was passing, and worthy of perpetual remembrance." On rising from the table, the President of the day announced that the meeting was ad journed for an Hundred Years. Let us indulge the hope, that those who may be here to engage in a similar celebration a century hence, may look back upon glorious and precious memories, and contemplate a Future without a cloud. 540 LETTERS. Of the Letters which were received in response to their note of invitation, the Committee find room only for the following : From Hon, Charles F, Adams. Washington, May 27, 1860. Mt Dear Sir, — It would give me great pleasure to be present at the Celebration of the day so interesting to your town, if I could hope to be released from my duty here. But as there is no prospect of this, I beg, through you, to express to the Committee my most earnest good wishes for the continued prosperity of the community which they represent. Very truly your friend, C. F. Adams. To Rev. HoBATio Aloeb, Marlborough, Mass. From Hon. Charles R. Train. Washington City, D. C, June 4, 1860. Gentlemen, — I had hoped that an earlier adjournment of Congress would have enabled me to participate in the festivities attending the Bi-centennial Celebration of the Incorporation of your Town. The best institution we received from our Fathers, is the New England town. It is the pure democracy, where the people educate and govern themselves. The great evil of our time is excessive legis lation ; and the danger is, that, in a transfer of power from the people to their representatives, the source of legislative power wlU be disre garded. Ih our own State, the virtue and inteUigence of the whole 541 may be able to control the legislation of the few. Prosperity is sure to foUow the efforts of an intelligent and virtuous people, left to their own control. As I cannot be with you, allow me to send as a senti ment, the following from the great Essayist, Macaulay. " Our Rulers — They will best promote the improvement of the nation, by strictly confining themselves to their own legitimate duties ; by leaving capital to find its most lucrative course ; commodities, their fair price ; industry and intelligence, their natural reward ; idleness and folly, their natural punishment ; by maintaining peace, by defending property, by diminishing the price of law, by observing strict economy in every department of the state. Let the Govern ment do this ; the People will assuredly do the rest." Please accept my thanks for your kind invitation, and beUeve me. Gentlemen, Very respectfully and truly yours, Charles R. Train. To Messrs. Hobatio Algeb, Hollis Loeino, 0. W. Albee, Committee. From Hon. John G. Palfrey. Cambbidge, June 5, 1860. Gentlemen. — I am greatly honored and gratified by your obliging invitation, which I received in due course, to be present, on the 13th instant, at your Bi-centennial Celebration of the Incorporation of the Town of Marlborough. It would afford me peculiar pleasure to unite with you in that Commemoration. Such occasions are exceedingly attractive to those who have reflected on the causes of the greatness of Massachusetts, and there are special ties, of a personal character, and of great interest to me, which connect me with your town. It is, therefore, with extreme regret that I find it wiU not be in my power to avail myself of your kind attention. Begging you to accept my best thanks for it, I have the honor to be, gentlemen, with high personal regard, Your obedient servant, John G. Palfrey. To Messrs. Hobatio Algeb, Hollis Lobinq, 0. W. Albee, Committee. 542 From John Langdon Sibley, Esq. Cambbidge, June 8, 1860. Gentlemen, — I regret that I shall not be able to accept the invita tion with which you have honored me to join in the Bi-centennial Celebration on the 13th instant. There are so many incidents con nected with the history of Marlborough, and prominent men who were born or have lived there, that the occasion cannot fail to be instructive and interesting. I have long wanted to see a history of the Town, for it is deserving of one. It is gratifying to know, that the laboring oar is in the hands of one whose early associations, tastes and abilities, are admirably suited to the work ; and it is hoped that the results, minutely elaborated, will be embodied in a large historical volume, in order that those who cannot join you in the intellectual entertainment on Wednesday, may be enabled to enjoy something of it afterwards at their fire-sides. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, yours, John Langdon Siblet. To Messrs. Hobatio Algeb, Hollis Lobino, O. W. Albee, Committee. From Hon. E. R. Hoar. CoNCOED, June 9, 1860. Gentlemen, — I have the honor to acknowledge the reception of your invitation to be present at the Bi-centennial Celebration of the Incorporation of the Town of Marlborough ; and regret that my offi cial duties in Boston, will deprive me of the pleasure of accepting it. A visit to your beautiful town, at this season, would be very agree able ; and my personal relations of friendship and respect for so many of its citizens, would make a participation in the pleasures and mem ories of so interesting an occasion, especially attractive. But it wiU not be in my power ; and I can only express my hope, that you may have a great gathering and a good time. Very respectfully, E. R. Hoar. To Messrs. Hobatio Algeb, Hollis Loeino, Q. W. Albee, Cajm/mittee. 543 From Hon. Levi Lincoln. Woecestee, June 11, 1860. Gentlemen, — I am very gratefully sensible to the proof of kind remembrance and attention, with which you are pleased to honor me, in the invitation to the Bi-centennial Celebration of the Incorporation of the Town of Marlborough, on the 1 3th instant. Commemorations of such periods in local history, are of the highest propriety. They are, indeed, sacred to association, memory, and the affections, and are as instructive as they are interesting. The names of many of your most worthy citizens, of a generation now nearly passed away, are still fresh in my recollection and respectful regard. Williams, Gates, Bruce, Brigham, Stevens, Packard, Draper, with others of their day and mine, were of my personal acquaintance ; and I can warmly sympathize with their descendants, and the present inhabitants of Marlborough, in recalling to remembrance the history of their manly virtues and honored character, and in congratulations upon the long-continued prosperity of this ancient town. It is with much regret, that I am constrained to deny myself the gratification of participating in the festivities of the occasion, while I seek to tender to you my hearty best wishes for the truest and highest enjoyment of them, by those who may have the happiness to attend. With very respectful consideration, Your obliged and obedient servant, Levi Lincoln. To Messrs. Hoeatio Algeb, Hollis Lobing, O. W. Albee, Committee. From Hon. Emory Washburn. Cambeidge, June 11, 1860. Gentlemen, — WhUe acknowledging the honor of your invitation to be present at the Bi-centennial Celebration of the Incorporation of the Town of Marlborough, I regret to add, that my official duties here wiU not admit of my avaUing myself of your kindness. To the natives of the town, and their descendants, for whom the Celebration is intended, the absence of one who can claim no such aflSnity, can be no cause of regret ; for to them and their memories and associations, it is properly and peculiarly dedicated. And yet, even for a stranger, the occasion cannot faU of being one of deep interest. If he was not born there, he was born, if in New England, in some 544 town, and could not fail to feel a chord of sympathy touched, as he witnessed the gathering of the people of Marlborough around the old ancestral hearth-stone. He could not then fail to appreciate some thing of the value of the Institution of Towns, to which New England owes much of her character and prosperity ; and without which, she never could have been the New England of history, of which her sons are so justly proud. It is a matter of public congratulation, to witness the spirit of har mony and local pride and interest with which these re-unions of the sons and daughters of these ancient towns are conducted. That of Marlborough, I doubt not, will fully sustain the anticipations in which it originated. There is no occasion for me to refer to the topics which will suggest themselves to those who gather there on the 13th, as you will be sure that the able and eloquent gentleman who is to address you, will do ample justice to the rich store of historic incidents and refiections which cluster around the life of that town, during the period of two hundred years ; and such years, too, as have made the history of the world more memorable than any other period of equal length, since the world began. Again regretting that I am to lose these as a listener, as well as the exhibition of so much that must be deeply interesting to all, I am, very respectfuUy, your obedient servant, Emory Washburn. To Messrs. Hobatio Alger, Hollis Loeino, 0. W. Albee, Committee. The Committee also received responses to their note of invitation from the following gentlemen who were unable to be present at the Celebration. Hon. Henry Wilson, United States Senate ; Hon. Josiah Qcinct, Jr., Boston ; R. W. Emerson, Esq., Concord ; F. B. Sanborn, Esq., Concord ; Frederick A. Packard, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa. NOTE. Since the foregoing History has passed the press, the foUowing errors have been discovered. Page 45, line 3, for 'involved,' read 'invoked.' Page 199, line 1, for ' 1798,' read ' 1778.' Page 219, hne 3, from the bottom, for ' is,' read ' are.' We have also been enabled to make the following additions. To the list of Selectmen, on page 279, add Thomas Howe, Joseph Newton, Nathaniel Joslin, James Woods, 1701. To the Ust of Senators, on page 284, add Eli Rice, 1846. To the list of Deacons, on page 285, add John Barnes, I66-. To the list of Justices of the Peace, on page 286, add Abraham Williams, John Weeks. On pages 272 to 277, we have given the names of the patriotic young men who enUsted into the service of the United States, in June or July, 1861. Since that time several others have enlisted into dif ferent corps, and common justice requires that their names should be added to the list of those who are wiUing to sacrifice aU in defense of the Union and its blessed institutions. The following is a roll of the men, all of whom have enlisted for three years, or during the war. David Barnes. Michael Larvin. George T. Brigham. Henry Lawrence. Cyrus H. Brown. Henry Lee. George E. Burgess. Stephen Pope, Jr. WiUiam B. Campbell. Albert Prouty. Thomas GaUagher. GrenvUIe H. Smith. Francis G. Graves. Neverson Stone. Alanson Howe. Barnabas Wall. Alonzo Howe. Cornelius Wall. Stephen Knight. Henry F. Wood. s 3 9002 00515 0413