YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COL. BENJ. L. TRAFFORD. Com'd'g 71st, REg't, IBBa-lBBB, COL. HARRY ROCKAFELLAR. Com'd'g, 71st, REg't, laB3-lB71, COL. ABRAM S. VOSBURG. Coui'd'g 71st. REg't, lasa-iBBi, HISTORY SEYENTT-FIRST REGIMENT N.G,S,N,y, INCLUDING THE HISTORY OF THE VETERAN ASSOCIATION WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF MEMBERS. BY HENKY WHITTEMORE, Author of ^^ History of Mieidlesex County^ Conn.^' ^'- Revolutionary History of Rock' land County, N. K," ^^ History of Geo. Washington Post. G, A. R.," and other Grand Army Posts. Published and Printed By WILLIS MCDONALD & 00 25 PARK ROW, NEW YORK. 1886. INTRODUCTION. While the record of the 71st is equal, and in many respects superior, to that of any regiment of the National Guard of the State of New York, great difficulty has been experienced in obtain ing data for a complete and thorough history of the regiment. Save a few items in the Minute Book of Company C, the regi mental archives contain nothing except an imperfect Descriptive Book to show that the regiment had any existence previous to 1856. With two or three exceptions, no company records have been found previous to 1876 ; most of them have been lost or destroyed. The principal sources from which the work has been compiled are the fragmentary accounts contained in the Regimental Minute Book, from 1861 to 1870, the New York dailies from 1850 to 1886, old scrap books, newspaper clippings, &c., and the state ments of veterans who have been connected with tlie regiment since its first organization. Over one hundred veterans have been interviewed who were supposed to possess reliable information relating to the services of the regiment ; but owing to the lapse of time, and the defective memories of the individuals, but little could be obtained. A Journal and Diary kept by Sergeant J. T. Woolsey of Company Q, during the campaign of 1861, contains a complete record of the services of the regiment during the first year of the war. As supplementary to the official report of Colonel Henry P. Martin, this diary supplies valuable information which, through the courtesy of Sergeant Woolsey, has been freely used. For the cam paigns of 1862-3, the official reports of Colonels Trafford and Rockafellar contain a concise account of the services of the regi- IV . INTRODUCTION. ment during that period, to which nothing of material interest could be added. All the veterans whose addresses could be found were com municated with for the purpose of obtaining a record of their services ; out of over two hundred, less than half responded. Only a few portraits of the officers of the regiment and of the veterans have been inserted, as the limited circulation of the work would not Justify the publishers in incurring an additional expense of this character. Those whose portraits appear have assisted in defraying the expense of publication. HENRY WHITTEMORE. Ntack-on-the-Hudson, June 1st, 1886. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PASE ORGANIZATION OF THE AMERICAN RIFLES 1 CHAPTER II. THE "AMERICAN GUARD," OR SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT, N. Y. S. M.— ITS GROWTH AND IMPROVEMENT; EXCURSION TO NEWBURG, &c. ; ORGANIZATION OP MILITARY ASSOCIA TION; PRESENTATION OF THE PRIZE WON AT NEWBURG. . 4 CHAPTER III. THE REGIMENT PROVIDED WITH MINIE MUSKETS.— THE " DEAD RABBIT " RIOT CHAPTER IV. THE SEVENTY-FIRST AS THE "GUARD OF HONOR" IN THE REMOVAL OF THE REMAINS OF GEN. WORTH FROM GREEN WOOD CEMETERY, BROOKLYN, TO THE MONUMENT AT TWENTY-FIFTH STREET, NEW YORK 19 CHAPTER V. THE FAMOUS "LIGHT GUARD" LEAVE THE 55th REGIMENT AND JOIN THEjrisT.- THE "SEPOY" OR QUARANTINE WAR. —THE "AMERICANISM" OF THE REGIMENT.— THE ENGI NEER CORPS.— VISIT OF THE MILWAUKEE LIGHT GUARD.— INSPECTION OF THE REGIMENT, SHOWING ITS CONDITION ONE YEAR PREVIOUS TO THB WAR 33 CHAPTER VI. EVENTS OF 1861.— INAUGURATION OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN AS PRESIDENT OP THB UNITED STATES.— SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA SECEDE. — SPREAD OF THE REBELLION THROUGH THE SOUTHERN STATES.— BOMBARDMENT AND FALL OF FORT SUMTER.— PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S PROCLA MATION CALLING FOR SEVENTY-FIVE THOUSAND TROOPS. —RESPONSE BY THE SEVENTY-FIRST.— RECRUITING TO FILL ITS QUOTA. — DEPARTURE FOR WASHINGTON. — IN CAMP AT THE NAVY YARD.— DEATH OF COL. VOSBURGH 30 VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER VII. P.\GE ADVANCE OF THE ARMY INTO VIRGINIA.— OCCUPATION OF ALEXANDRIA AND ARLINGTON HEIGHTS.— DEATH OF COL. ELLSWORTH.— OPERATIONS ON THE POTOMAC- BATTLE OP BULL RUN.— OFFICIAL REPORT OP COL. H. P. MARTIN TO THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL OF THE STATE OP NEW YORK 37 CHAPTER VIII. EVENTS OF 1863.— CONDITION OF THE REGIMENT AS SHOWN BY THB ADJ'T-GENERAL'S REPORT.— PRESENTATION OP AN AMERICAN FLAG.- THE SEVENTY-FIRST AGAIN TO THE FRONT 59 CHAPTER IX. ELECTION OP COLONEL B. L. TRAFFORD.— THE CAMPAIGN OF 1868.— REPORT OP COLONEL HARRY ROCKAFELLAR TO THB -ADJUTANT-GENERAL 73 CHAPTER X. EVENTS PRO.M 1868 TO 1873.— ANNUAL INSPECTION, 1863 — PRESENTATION OF COLORS TO THE REGIMENT.— EXCUR SION OP COMPANIES "B" AND "H" TO BOSTON.— MONU MENT TO COL. VOSBUHGH.— RESIGNATION OP COL. TRAP- FORD.— SKETCH OF COLONEL TRAFFORD.— ELECTION OF COLONEL F. W. PARMALEE.— RESIGNATION OF LIEUT - COLONEL COLES.— SKETCH OF LIEUT.-COLONEL COLES — VISIT OF THE BOSTON FUSILEERS. — DELEGATION OP SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT TO NEW HAVEN.— INSPECTION AND PARADE, 1868.' -INSPECTION AND PARADE 1869 — CONSOLIDATION OP THIRTY-SEVENTH WITH THE SEV ENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. — REMOVAL TO THIRTY-SECOND STREET ARMORY AND THENCE TO THIRTY-FIFTH STREET AND BROADWAY.— RESIGNATION OF COLO]gEL PARMALEE AND ELECTION OF COLONEL HARRY ROCKAFELLAR TO THB COLONELCY.— ORANGE RIOT, JULY 1871 —TRIP TO PROVIDENCE.- RESIGNATION OP LIEUT -COLONEL WOL COTT. — RESIGNATION OF COLONEL ROCKAFELLAR — SKETCH OP COLONEL ROCKAFELLAR . 79 CHAPTER XI. EVENTS FROM 1873 TO 1884.— ELECTION OF LIEUT -COL RICH ARD VOSE TO THE COLONELCY.-EXCURSION TO NEW HAVEN, JULY 34, 1873.— PRESENTATION TO COL VOSP EXCURSION TO PROVIDENCE AND ENCAMPMENT AT OAvr LAND BEACH.— SERVICES OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST AT Trtp CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION AND PARADE JULY R 1R7« VISIT TO THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION, PHILADFT PRtT —RAILROAD RIOTS, 1877.— CREEDMOOR RIFLE PRACTICE CONTENTS. Vll PAGE "THE MISSION OP PEACE " TO THE SOUTH, 1881.— SEVENTY- FIRST REGIMENT NEW ARMORY FAIR.— CAMP INSTRUC TION AT PEEKSKILL, 1883.— CLOSE OF COLONEL VOSB'S ADMINISTRATION. — BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH AND POR TRAIT OF COLONEL VOSE 98 CHAPTER XII. ELECTION OF A NEW BOA]{D OF OFFICERS. — PERSONAL SKETCHES OP SAME.— COMPLIMEN r ARY NOTICES BY THE PRESS.— PRESENTATION TO COL. McALPIN.— IN CAMP OF INSTRUCTION AT PEEKSKILL. -PRESENT CONDITION OP REGIMENT.— LIST OF FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS, 1853- 1886.— OUTLINE HISTORY OF COMPANIES A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I AND K 138 HISTORY OF THE VETERAN ASSOCIATION, 71st REGIMENT, N. G. S. N. Y., WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OP MEMBERS. . 306 INDEX TO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. AUen, John E., 225. Ashley, Osaian D., 226. Barry, L. Frank, 19t). Brown, Chas. E., 23.'?. Blake, A. S., 229. Benham, George A., 228. Bromley, George H., 232. Brush, Clintou E., 233. Bonestill, James H., 204. Benjamin, Wm. H., 177. Ball, W. H., 227. Bogert, Wm. F., 230. Bryant, Joseph D., 224. Bogert, Wm. J., 230. Courtney, Wm., 136. Copeland, T. S., 239. Conklin, Eugene H., 218. Coon. Chas. H., 238. Coe, Russel T., 236. Coles. Wm. J., 86. Chilton, Wm. W., 203. Clark, W. C, 178. Coe, Edwin, 235. Coe, Joseph B., 236. Dustan, C. W., 250. Downey, Henry L., 244. Davis, G. B., 241. Demmler, E., 243. Day, Nicholas W., 241. Drake, Albert A., 244. Deleambre, Alfred P., 187. Draper, T. W. M., 165. Durand, John S., 249. Elmer, Wm. A., 252. Euen, M. S., 159. E'vertsen, H. H., 161. Eunson, Eugene S., 253. Fox, Edward H., 260. Faris, W. D., 254. Francis, Aug. T., 172. Ferguson, W. B., 259. Fenno, Grafton, 255. Griggs, Nelson, 261. Gobs, Wright D., 202. Geery, M. D., 198. Gwyer, F. W., 142. Hilliard, John P., 263. Hunt, E. E., 183. Hull, John A., 264. Banner, Joseph, 263. Hall, Chas. B., 262. Hess, Chas. A., 138. Harris, Paul V., 167. Homer, Chas. F., 217. Hart, D. D., 155. Irwin, J. W., 266. Jefferson, Alfred, 188. Kennedy, James, 266. Kohnen, J. F., 144. Kopper, Frederick, 134. Kennedy, C. M., 155. Little, Joseph J., 267. Libby, Oliver, 84. Livermore, John R., 269. MoAlpin, E. A., 129. McAlpin, George L., 138. Middleton, W. S., 272. vill CONTENTS. Martin, Henry P., 67 Moore, Washington I., 274. Murch, John F., 275. Merrill, Eli M., 270. Merrill, Joseph E., 271. Mills, Isaac 273. Marsh, Edw'd T. T., 140. Onderdonk, Wm,, 277. Okie, W. S., 276. Orsor, Rsbert S., 20O. Pride, A. H., 71. Pierce, Curtis B., 279. Peek, David P., 278. Philbrick, Wm. N., 223. Palmer, Appleton D., 134. Quintard, E. A., 281. Ripley, E. C, 286. Rockefeller, Eiker, Jr., 145. Eockafellar, Harry, 94. Rosevelt, Geo. W., 286. Eacey, Wm. C, 283. Raynor, Geo. B., 284. Eegnault, Chas., 146. See, Amos L., 185. Stow, Geo. H, 176 Smith, Theodore V., 180. Spear, Alfred, 170. Starr, C. W., 220. Snowden, Edward P., 291. Steele, Alexander. 289. Senior, Chas. A., 289. Scott, John A., 288. Serrell, Eobert A., 198. Trafford, Benjamin L., 83. Taylor, G. E., 292. Thompson, Geo. H., 171. Tyson, George I., 193. Tyson, Henry H., 293 Taylor, S. A., 201. Underhill, A. M., 157. Underhill, John T., 295. Vosburgh, Abram S., 36. Vose, Richard, 119. Vincent, Eev. Martin E., 143 Van Ness, Geo. H., 297. Wolcott, Geo. D., 96. Woolsey, J. T., 221. Whitney, Frank B., 300. Weber, Chas. G., 297. White, Henry Kirke, 162. White, P. J., 299. ' Wyatt, Geo. H., 301. Whiti. Henry, 298. Webber, Abram L., 183. Wight, J. A., 167. INDEX TO PORTRAITS. OPPOSITE PAGE Group No. 1.— Col. Abram S. Vosburgh, Col. Benj. L. Trafford, Col. Harry Rockafellar Frontispiece Col. Henry P. Martin 67 Adjutant A. H. Pride 71 Group No. 3.— Lieut.-Col. Geo. D. Wolcott, Capt. A. M. Underhill, Capt. Amos L. See 80 Col. Richard Vose 119 Col. Edwin A. McAIpin 1 39 Major Frederick Kopper I34 Capt. Chas. A. Hess 138 Capt. George I. Tyson I93 Group No. 3.— Lieut.-Col. Wm. J. Coles, Major Oliver Libby, W. B., Ferguson, Capt. T. S. Copeland, Capt. Geo. W. Rosevelt, Wm. P. Bogert, John P. Hilliard, J. T. Woolsey, W. S. Okie 206 Col. Chas. P. Homer . . .^ 217 Lieut.-Col. Eugene H. Conklin 2^8 Capt. Albert A. Drake 244 Capt. E. A. Quintard 281 Group No. 4. — Capt. Geo. H. Stow, Capt. S. A. Taylor, Lieut. John R. Livermore, Lieut. Washington I. Moore, Wm. N. Philbrick, Lieut. Geo. H. Wyatt, J. P. Kohnen, Riker Rockefeller, Jr., Chas. Regnault 301 THE AMERICAN GUARD. CHAPTER I. ORGANIZATION OP THE AMERICAN RIFLES. " Put none but Americans on guard to-night" was the com mand of 'Washington to his subordinates during one of the most critical periods of the American revolution. The sentiments con tained in those words gave rise to the organization of the " Ameri can Rifles," subsequently changed to the " American Guard " or 71st Regiment, New York State Militia, and in 1862 changed to the 71st Regiment, " National Guard State of New York." For several years after the war of 1812-15 a military organiza tion was kept up known as the State Militia, and every man be tween the ages of eighteen and forty-five was subject to military duty — that is a public drill and parade once a yea/r — known as " gen eral training." Little attention was paid to the study and practice of military tactics or the " manual of arms." If a man could " shoulder," " order," " carry," " present," and " trail " arms, this was ^bout all that was expected of him. Many joined the militia in those days to get rid of jury duty ; others who were fortunate enough to obtain uniforms, joined for the purpose of parading before their lady friends. The first independent uniformed company organized in New York city, was in 1826, and was known as the " Tompkins Blues," afterwards the " Light Guard." This was attached to the ununi- formed militia as a flank company. This soon after led to the organization of rival military com panies, and among these were several composed exclusively of foreigners. Certain politicians, for their own self-aggrandizement, pandered to this element and finally succeeded in awakening a feel ing of hostility between the native and foreign population. As a natural result a society of American citizens was organized, known 1 2 THE AMERICAN GUAED. as the " Order of United Americans." It consisted of numerous Chapters which met in different parts of the city. The subject of organizing a regiment composed exclusively of Americans was fre quently discussed in the different Chapters and finally agreed upon. The first meeting was held June 2, 1850, at the Eagle Drill Room, comer of Christy and Delaney streets. There were present at this meeting, John M. Parker, H. W. Fish, Sr., H. W. Fish, Jr., and William Kellock. As far as known, only one of these men are now living, viz., "William Kellock, who was for some years Secre tary of Company C, and from him most of the information regard ing the early organization of the American Rifles was obtained. Meetings were held at different places, and each company had its own place of meeting. The Branch Hotel, below the old Bowery Theatre, was used for a time, and the records of Company C show that they met for some years at Military Hall on the Bowery above Broome street. Companies A, B, C, and D were organized about the same time, although Company C was the first to fill its quota, and has retained a distinct and unbroken organization down to the present time. As soon as the nucleus of the six companies was formed. Colonel John B. Ryer, of the First Regiment (Cavalry), was placed in command. The following Certificate of Membership issued to William B. Ferguson, one of the first members of Com pany C, and at present a member of the Veteran Association, 7l8t Regiment, shows at what time the battalion organization was com pleted : First Regiment, First Brigade, and First Division, New- York State Militia. To all whom these presents shall come or may concern : Know te : That William B. Ferguson is a Private in the Company of Riflemen under my command, designated as American Rifles, in the First Regiment of New York State Militia, and as such is entitled to all the privileges and advantages appertaining thereto. In witness whereof I have hereunto set mj hand, the fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty, and in the seventy-fourth year of the Independence of the United States of America. Moses C. Hagadokn, Countersigned, Commandant of said company. John B. Ryer, Commandant of said regiment. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 3 Most of the rank and file were totally ignorant of military tac tics, and Colonel W. W. Tompkins, a veteran of the Mexican War, was engaged to drill them. At the first meeting for drill only fifteen or twenty were present. Colonel Tompkins in addressing the men for the first time said: "No one but a gentleman can make a perfect soldier." For the first year, with the exception of Company C, the com panies were mere skeletons, some of them consisting almost entirely of commissioned and non-commissioned officers. The first parade of the battalion was on November 25, 1850 — Evacuation Day. Major John A. Bogert, of the 2d Regiment, was appointed by General Sanford to take command for that occasion. The native American feeling was very strong at the time, and Captain Parker, of Company A, was so indignant on learning that a " foreigner " had been permitted to parade in the ranks, that he threw up his commission. On June 4, 1851, a resolution was introduced in C Company, at its regular meeting, requesting " Colonel Ryan to call a battalion drill ; " also that " a copy of the resolution, directing the company to parade in white pamts, be forwarded to the other companies." Whether the battalion drill took place or not does not appear by the record. Each company acted independent of the other. An excursion to Bridgeport was arranged by Company C, for July 24, 1851, participated in only by that company. On August 20, 1851, it was proposed that " the company (C) parade as an escort to the funerals of the N. Y. V., providing they take place on Sunday, and that the expense be shared with Captain Moody's com pany" (D). On November 5, 1851, a target excursion was proposed. The prizes offered were a "splendid silver goblet," a " new hat," and " a handsome trunk." From the commencement of the organization it was the inten tion to secure a sufficient number of companies to form a regiment, but during the two years of its existence as a battalion, the expul sions were almost equal to the enrollments. In the summer of 1852, Companies G and H had completed their quotas, and al though the other companies, with one or two exceptions, were mere skeletons, the battalion laid aside its " swaddling clothes " to reappear as a full grown regiment. CHAPTER II. THE "AMERICAN GUARD," OR SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT, N. Y. S. M. — ITS GROWTH AND IMPROVEMENT ; EXCURSION TO NEWBURG, &c. ; ORGANIZATION OF MILITARY ASSOCIATION; PRESENTATION OF THE PRIZE WON AT NEWBURG. The only record appearing on the regimental books to indicate the change from a battalion to a regiment, is the fact of Brigade Quartermaster Abram S. Vosburgh's election to the colonelcy of the Seventy-first Regiment, August 2, 1852. From the verbal state ments of those who served under him, it appears that he assumed command of the regiment on or about that date. There was con siderable discussion at this time in regard to changing from rifies to muskets, many opposing the change. In 1853, however, a vote was taken, and it was decided to adopt the use of muskets in lieu of rifles, and change the name to the " American Guard." About this time, the motto of the regiment, " Pro aris, et pro focis" was adopted. Colonel Vosburgh, who was a military enthusiast, took great pride in his new command, and gave frequent exhibitions of drill- parade in the streets of New York and at the old " Red House." Quite a rivalry existed between the Seventy-First and other mili tary organizations. In the fall of 1854 Col. Vosburgh witnessed the superior drill of the Second Regiment on the Red House grounds. This was the first experience of that regiment in all the evolutions of regimental drill. Colonel Vosburgh, who was very observing, saw at once that the credit was due, not to the commandant of the regiment but to .Ad jutant H. P. Martin, who had already acquired a more than local reputation as a drill-master. Colonel Vosburgh determined that no regiment should outdo his in any particular ; he therefore at once made overtures to the young Adjutant to accept the Lieutenant- Colonelcy of the Seventy-First. These were at first rejected. At length, after repeated solicitations, Adjutant Martin consented to the use of his name, on condition that there should be no more street parades, and that the regiment should devote itself to the ob jects for which it was organized. These conditions were accepted THE AMERICAN GUARD. 5 by Colonel Vosburgh, with the exception that one more street parade should be permitted. On April 2, 1856, H. P. Martin was elected Lieut.-Colonel of the regiment. Three weeks after this, a regimental parade was held of the eight companies, numbering one hundred and sixteen men, rank and file, including the musicians. Regimental, battalion and officers' drill were organized, and the men instructed in their duty. Recruiting was commenced in earnest, and every man made to feel an individual interest in the regiment. Eighteen months after this, at an inspection held in October, 1856, there were six hundred and eighty four men, rank and file. The Seventy-First became the crack regiment of the State. The warmest feelings of friendship existed between the Colonel and his able Lieutenant, and they worked together as one man. The first entry on the minute book of the regiment is an arti cle copied from the Evening Express, September 5, 1856, as follows : " The American Guard, 71st Regiment, will make their full parade on Wednesday afternoon, September 10. The regiment will proceed to Tompkins Square for drill and review. This will be their first parade under their new name, which was changed from American Rifles in consequence of a change of arms, from the rifle to the musket. They are to be supplied with the new Minie musket, by the 1st of October, in place of the old, worn out, altered and repaired State arms they now use. " The regiment is still the American regiment ; there has been no change in its organization — it is all American — afield, staff and non-commissioned, and the rank and file." The continued improvement in the drill and efficiency of the regiment is best shown in the newspaper reports of the visit of the regiment to Newburg on June 17, 1857, that being the anniversary of the Battle of Bunker Hill. Account of the Exouesion to Nbwbueg on the Anniveesaby OF the Battle of Bunkee Hill, June 17, 1857. Early on Wednesday morning, June 17, the members of the regiment assembled at their Armory, on the corner of Broome and Centre streets, for the purpose of making an excursion to New burg, where they were to participate in the celebration of the Bat tle of Bunker Hill, as well as to compete for a stand of colors which were to be awarded to the best drilled regiment in the State. The b THE AMEEICAN GUARD. rank and file of the regiment, of those who accompanied the regi ment, was as follows : Field and Staff Officees. — Colonel, A. S. Vosburgh ; Major, D. A. Buttei-field; Adjutant, A. G. Demarest; Quartermaster, George A. Buckingham; Paymaster, Isa,sic C. Noe; Engineer, J. A. Van Brunt ; Assistant-Paymaster, G. W. Mayher. NoN-CoMMissiONED Staff. — Sergeant-Majov, Charles E. Smith ; Quartermaster-Sergeant, J. A. Pearsall. Lino. — 23 officers and 211 men. Company A — R. W. Kenyon, commanding, . . 24 B— D. D. Blauvelt, Jr., . . .23 C_W. J. Coles, ... .33 D— D. C. Meschutt, .... 24 E— H. F. Metzler, . . . .25 F— G. W. B. Tompkins, . . 30 G— A. P. Kinnan, . . . .22 H— A. F. Miller, .... 30 211 The regiment was accompanied by Dodsworth's Band, and a Drum Corps consisting of 16 drummers of ages ranging from 16 to 6. After going through the usual ceremony of forming the regi ment, they marched to the foot of Spring street, where the steam boat Santa Claus was awaiting them. They arrived at Newburg about 2 p. M., and were received by the 19th Regiment, consisting of the Washington Guard Company ; the Kemble Guard from Cold Spring, and the American Citizens Corps from Poughkeep sie. They were reviewed by General Spicer and Staff aud the Military Association. The Seventy-First then went through the exercises of the Manual for the stand of colors which was at once awarded them the other regiments declining to compete with them. The driU was in the following order : Formation qf ihe Battalion.— Krmj Regulations ; Manual of Arms ; Loading at Will and the firings ; To break the Right into Columns ; To deploy the Battalion into Close Column in rear of First Division ; To deploy the Battalion on an interior Division ; To change direction into Columns at full distance ; Being in Columns at full distance to form Divisions; Column at full distances. Right in front to left into Line of Battle ; By inversion to the Right into Line; Successive formations, and general rules applicable; For- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 7 ward and face to the rear into Line ; Deployment of Columns closed in mass ; To advance in line of battle ; Change of front, for ward and to the rear ; On the Right by file into line ; To deploy the Battalion into Column double on the centre ; To deploy the Double Column faced to the Front and faced to the Right ; Forma tion of the Square ; To Reform Column from Square, to advance, to retreat, to form square. Left in front ; To Reduce Square, &c. Of the appearance and drill of the regiment, the Newburg News, under date of June 18, 1857, said ; We lack words to adequately express our admiration of the splendid array made by the Seventy-First. They were in fatigue dress, their new uniform not being completed, but it was not to be regretted. Nothing could be neater than the close-fitting jackets of blue, relieved by the white cross belts. They looked like men ready for service. But it was their perfection, of their marching and drill, that called forth our splendid admi ration. Nothing could be more picturesque than the appearance of the entire line, as it wound up and down the hills ; nothing more soldierly than the compact and manly tread of the Seventy-First as their bayonets presented a more or less mass of glittering steel. Arrived at the Head quarter, the escort was detailed as a guard, and a square was formed on the east slope in which to go through the review and drill before the Mili tary Association. We but repeat the universal sentiment of all who wit nessed it. That nothing except the battalion drill at West Point has ever been seen to compare with it on the Hudson. Colonel Vosburgh is a most capital field and drill officer, and his regiment do him the highest honor by their proficiency under his instructions. Every evolution was splendidly performed, and the regiment may well be proud of the com mendation bestowed upon them by the distinguished men who form the Military Association. Ex-President Fillmore was upon the ground, with a number of gentle men from abroad, and a brilliant array of ladies. The Oeganization and Object of the New Yoek Militaey Association. In 1853 a few military officers, at the call of Colonel Lansing, thfen on Governor Seymour's Staff, assembled at Syracuse and or ganized the New York Military Association. To that Association many officers serving in commission under the laws of the State, every retired officer who had joined the ranks as a private or non-commissioned officer, and private of seven years' service, might belong, should he choose to be enrolled a member. Among the first names signed to the roll of tiie Association was Gen- 8 THE AMERICAN GUARD. eral Spicer, Commandant of the First Brigade. For the first two or three years the members continued to bring together officers from every part of the State, and thus brought all into social and friendly intercourse. In 1854 the Association, with the aid of Ad jutant-General Temple, came under the laws of the State and was incorporated. In 1856 the Association offered rewards of merit to the regiment best drilled, best uniformed and equipped, and also the best encamped. Peesentation of the Peize. On Tuesday, November 11, 1857, the ceremony of presenting the prize won by the regiment on June 17, took place in front of the City Hall, in presence of the Mayors of New York and Newark, the Common Council, and several military officers. During the day the State Military Association met in the City HaU, where the prize was exhibited. The prize was a bronze eagle, mounted on a medallion of the same metal, the whole on a staff, over which six plumes were suspended — two red, two white, and two blue. On the medallion was the following inscription : Peesented to the Seventt-Fiest Regiment, N. Y. S. M., Colonel A. S. Vosbuegh, Foe Good (conduct, Deill and Efficiency, 1857. On the reverse was the monogram : N. Y. S. M. Colonel Smith, of the 14th Regiment, one of the Vice-Presi dents of the Military Association, presented the prize with a few appropriate remarks, which were responded to by Colonel Vosburgh. After the presentation ceremonies, the regiment marched to the St. Nicholas Hotel, where a rich collation had been prepared. A number of distinguished invited guests were present; among whom were Hon. John Cochraine, Elijah Ward, Prince John Van Buren, J. T. Headley, Secretary of State, Erastus Brooks, Samuel J. Tilden, and others. CHAPTER III. THE REGIMENT PROVIDED WITH MINIE MUSKETS.— THE " DEAD RABBIT " RIOT. On June 29, 1857, as if in anticipation of " coming events," the regiment received 400 of the new rifled muskets. Referring to the fact, the New York Express, under date of June 30, stated that " The 71st Regiment, N. G., received from the Arsenal (6l8t) last evening 400 of the new Minie muskets with the Maynard primer, with which the 7th has already been furnished. It is certainly a move in the right direction to furnish this regiment with arms that can be depended upon in time of trouble. Company F, Capt. Tompkins, was drilling when the muskets arrived, and evident to all was the delight and satisfaction expressed by the Company at having arms in their company with which they knew they could do service. It is a fact worth knowing that during the late 'Mu nicipal Riot,' in less than an hour and a quarter from the time the order was received to turn out, over two hundred men were under arms in the Armory, Centre street, though the men were scattered all over the city, Brooklyn and Jersey city." The 7th and 7 Ist were the only militia regiments in the United States at that time provided with " this terrible and destructive weapon," and which " made them the two best equipped volunteer regiments in the world." Five days after the distribution of these arms, the 71st was called on to assist in quelling one of the worst riots that had ever taken place in the city of New York. The "Dead Rabbit" Riot. The following, from the New York Express, contains the most complete account of the riot, and the causes which led to it, of any paper published at that time : THE origin of THE RIOT. In New York, it is well known, there are a number of political and rowdy associations, the members of which are of the lowest ranks in life and of the most unscrupulous characters. These associations are ready 10 THE AMERICAN GUARD. to undertake any species of rascality. Robbery and murder are child's play to them. Their members are bullies and fighters by profession, and they are accustomed to undertake the management of ward politics by the job. In the Sixth Ward there are two clubs of this description, both made up of professional bullies belonging to the fighting ranks of the Democratic party. These clubs are the tools of the two Democratic fac tions. One, called the '' Bowery Boys," under the leadership of Pat Mat thews, a well known Custom House officer, having their headquarters at a drinking-house at No. 40 Bowery. The other rejoices in the elegant name of " Dead Rabbits," and, we understand, obey the orders of one " Tom Walsh," said to be the foreman of Engine Co. No. 21, whose house is corner of Chambers and Centre streets. The " Dead Rabbits " are inhab itants of Mulberry, Mott, Baxter, Bayard, and some parts of Elizabeth street, and are very bad fellows, the whole of them. These two clubs, the " Bowery Boys," representing the Administration or Custom House section ofthe party, and the " Dead Rabbits," their op ponents, have for years been at sword's point. A deadly feud prevails between them, and they have taken every opportunity to show the spite they bear each other. Broken heads at every primary and regular elec tion ; riots at every recurrence of a regular holiday ; frequent disturbances of the public peace on Sundays are the results of these animosities. For the last month or two these clubs have been particularly " ugly " towards each other, and it has required the utmost vigilance on the part of Capt. Dowling, of the late Municipal police, to keep the peace between them. Since the recent proceedings at Tammany Hall to harmonize the party, the " Dead Rabbits " and " Bowery Boys " have been more than ever anxious to have a " muss " on a large scale. For three or four Sundays back, Capt. Dowling has expected an outbreak, and has carefully paraded the ward with his force, to put down the slightest symptom of trouble. He had good reason to understand that the national anniversary would be seized upon by the belligerents to make a demonstration of some sort or other, and freely communicated his suspicions during the early part of the week to Alderman Clancy and others. As his force, however, was strong enough to control the rioters he felt under no apprehension for the result, and took his measures to nip any row in the bud, at once. Meanwhile, the preparations for the celebration of the Fourth were proceeding on a large scale. When the plans were all completed, the de cision ofthe Court of Appeals was rendered, and the old police disbanded. This put a new face upon affairs in the Sixth Ward. The worst ward in the city was suddenly deprived of its guardians, and a clear field was left the rioters to have their own way in everything. Alderman Clancy, Judge Brennan and other citizens ofthe ward took alarm at the prospect, and de termined, if possible, to thwart the plans of the bullies, and preserve the THE AMEEICAN GUARD. 11 peace. Alderman Coulter, of the 17th Ward, Capt. Dowling and some others were consulted, and it was determined that the Municipal Police should, after being disbanded, offer their services to do duty as special policemen, without pay, under the Metropolitan Commissioners, until Tuesday morning. It was determined that the services of the 6th Ward police should be first offered, and if they were accepted, the tender should be made of the other ward force. At this juncture it was understood that Commissioner Nye had left for the town of Courtlandt to deliver an oration ; Commissioner Cholwell had gone out of town to spend the Fourth, and that Commissioner Bowen had retired to his residence in Westchester, leaving only Messrs. Draper and Stranahan to carry out the arrangements already made for the day. Nevertheless, we are informed upon the best of authority, that, hav ing previously obtained the consent of the whole sixty men of the Gth ward. Aid. Clancy, at three o'clock Friday afternoon, went personally and alone to the office of the Police Commissioners and formally tendered to them the services of the old Gth ward police. Mr. Clancy did not antici pate so violent a melee as subsequently happened, but he thought that, the people ofthe ward being unacquainted with the new police and much opposed to them, there would at least be a collision between the citizens and officers. Mr. Clancy offered to act as a magistrate and make his re turns to the Commissioners. The Commissioners peremptorily declined to accept the offer, stating that they were not afraid, and could keep the peace without the help of Wood's men. The Commissioners were sorry enough afterwards that they did not accept Mr. Clancy's offer. About nine o'clock, when fast folks began to feel the effects of bad liquor, the rowdies paraded the s-treets in bands of ten to a hundred, in sulting honest people, and committing all sorts of outrages. The Metro politan policemen, in twos and threes, fell away whenever one of these gangs was seen coming. The police were hooted and chased in every part of the city, and the rowdies, seeing that the green M. P.'s were afraid of them, thenceforward left them completely out of their plans for amusement, and grew bolder as the day wore on. By ten o'clock Saturday morning the Commissioners saw plainly that their force inspired no sort of respect in any part of the city. Boys and girls hooted the "Albany men" whenever they appeared, while grown up bullies laughed at the perplexity of the poor Metropolitans. Fifty men were detailed to the Park, but could do nothing ; they were obliged to call upon a troop of horse to clear a space for the Governor to dismount. The squads of twenty-five detailed to other parks were soon hooted away. Nine hundred and eighty men in all were on duty during the day, three hundred being special deputies. 12 THE AMEEICAN GUARD. Mr. Tallmadge gave his personal attendance in tho Park upon the Governor. Retiring to White street, after the Review, he was convinced by his reports that no dependence could be placed upon his men. The spirit of rowdyism was aroused, and the Metropolitans were powerless to suppress it. The sixth warders were making great preparations ; a severe disturbance had already occurred there in the morning. To avoid riot, which he knew could not be quelled by his force, Mr. Tallmadge suggested that the fireworks should be postponed, so as to prevent the concentration of large crowds of disorderly people. At the request of the Commis sioners, therefore, the committee of arrangements consented to postpone the exhibition, and notice was given to that effect everywhere. Alderman Clancy, knowing the state of feeling in his ward, kept some reliable men with him, and, making the Ivy Green his headquarters, paraded the ward during Friday night and Saturday morning, trying to dissuade the riotously disposed from violence. Thus it will be seen, everything was rife for the fight. THE FIRST RIOT. We gather from various circumstances and from individuals the fol lowing particulars of the riots in the Gth ward : About one o'clock on Saturday morning a party of boys identified with the " Dead Rabbits" were walking in the Bowery, in the vicinity of the Bowery Theatre, when they met officer Abraham Florentine, of the Gth ward, and another officer, whom they assaulted, and who were obliged for refuge to run into the barroom of No. 40 Bowery, the headquarters ofthe " Bowery Boys," or Pat Mathews party. The " Dead Rabbits " followed them as far as the door, when the foremost of them was knocked down by a man standing in the door of No. 40, at whieh time the door was closed. The "Rabbits" then proceeded to throw brickbats, stones, &c., at the win dows and door of the place, breaking nearly every pane of glass in the sashes. After finding that they could get no satisfaction in the way of attacking the two officers, they fell to abusing another of the Metropoli tans, who was passing at that time, who was compelled to seek refuge in the coflfee and cake saloon in the basement of No. 3G Bowery. This place the " Rabbits " also attacked with stones and brickbats, breaking lamps, windows and everything within their reach, until they were finally driven off" by a party of boys who came out of the saloon with tumblers, glasses, &c., and chased them as far as the corner of Bayard street and the Bow ery. They then left and returned to the saloon, when the " Rabbits " re mained on the corner of Bayard and the Bowery for some minutes ; while standing here they fired one or two stones toward 40 Bowery' when one of their leaders forbade them throwing any more, and they Iccord- ingly desisted. THE AMEEICAN GUAED. 13 THE " RABBITS " RETIRE. In a few minutes one of their number got a very large stone from the street, and walked to the door of 40 Bowery, followed by several of his party, and threw it into the bar-room. They then all immediately retired to the corner of Bowery and Bayard street, but had hardly reached that place when several persons rushed out of the cellar of No. 3G Bowery, crying, " Go at them, boys." At this, in two minutes, the street was full of people, who came together from all directions as if by magic. In less than five minutes over three hundred had collected. They then started oflf toward the corner of Bayard street, after the "Rabbits," but before they got there the " Rabbits " had gone into their holes, not one could be seen. After going through several of the streets without coming across one of that party, the " Bowery Boys " returned to their headquarters, and remained for some minutes in hope that the " Rabbits " would show themselves. After waiting several minutes, to no purpose, they took an other turn around the ward, with no better success than the first time. They then returned to No. 40 Bowery, where they remained until about 3 o'clock Saturday morning, when, finding that there was no likelihood of any further disturbance, they gradually dispersed. THE " RABBITS " MAKE ANOTHER DEMONSTRATION. About half-past three o'clock a large party of the " Dead Rabbits " returned to the corner of Bowery and Bayard street, and commenced hallooing like wild animals, evidently trying to incite a fight, but to no purpose, as no one was around to fight with them. After prowling around for a short time, they returned to their homes, venting their spleen as they went along by firing a volley of stones at the Stadt (Dutch) Thea tre, at 37^ Bowery. THE SECOND RIOT. The "Bowery Boys" re-assembled in the neighborhood of the Bow ery, at an early hour on Saturday morning, in large numbers, and began making active preparations for a defense, should they be attacked by the "Dead Rabbits." They first despatched scouting parties in all directions throughout the ward to watch the movements of the " Dead Rabbits," and keep them well posted should they take any meas ures for attack. PREPARING ARMS. At the same time the " Bowery Boys " set about arming themselves with revolvers, pistols, ammunition, &c., a large supply of which was de posited in a place selected for that purpose, and a squad of boys selected to run to and fro with pistols, as fast as they should be discharged, in case of a riot, in order that they might be reloaded by another party detailed at the headquarters, and then taken back to the '• Boys " engaged in the 14 THE AMERICAN GUARD. fight, and exchanged for the empty ones just fired off. By this means the " Boys" were kept well supplied with loaded pistols, without their oppo nents being able to ascertain the secret of their success. POLICEMEN ATTACKED BT MISTAKE. Everything went on peaceably enough until about 5 o'clock in the afternoon, when word was sent to 88 White street that assistance was wanted in the 7th ward to aid in quelling a riot which had been raging in Jackson street. Deputy-Superintendent Carpenter accordingly immedi ately despatched Sergeant Bonner with 25 men, who proceeded through White and Baxter streets to Bayard. The moment they were espied coming up Bayard street, it was generally thought by the " Rabbits " that they were coming to arrest them. THE POLICE WELL WHIPPED. They accordingly immediately sent word to their forces in all direc tions, and assembled in the vicinity of Mott and Bayard streets. As the police came up, the " Rabbits " received them with an overpowering volley of stones, brickbats, &c., which completely put them to flight. They dis persed in all directions. THE " BOWERY BOYS " HELP THE POLICE. The " Bowery Boys," hearing of the affray, hastened to the scene in full force. Seeing that the "Rabbits" had assailed the police instead of their own number, they immediately took sides with the police, and, taking up their position by the side of a huge pile of brickbats in Bayard, near Mott street, opposite a row of brick houses in course of erection, commenced a vigorous onslaught with stones, bricks, pistols, &c., which they kept up in a most effective manner for some minutes. AND ARE BEATEN BACK. They were at last, however, compelled to give way, and retreat as far as Elizabeth street, under the heavy fire from the " Dead Rabbits " in the streets and from the house-tops, windows, &c. Every place being filled with men, women, and children, the women and children aiding the men by picking up brickbats in the streets and carrying them to the men on the house-tops, &c; the men, in turn, threw the missiles down with good effect on the heads ofthe " Bowery Boys " and policemen, as fast as they could come within reach of them. THE "boWERT boys" ERECT A BARRICADE. The " Bowery Boys," being driven to the easterly side of Elizabeth street, and seeing the utter folly of trying to stand their ground below that position, in consequence of the army of men on house-tops, hastily erected several old wagons standing opposite the livery stable at that THE AMERICAN GUARD. 15 place into a barricade, behind which they took shelter from the stones and missiles ofthe enemy, and only fired their pistols when certain of their victims. ANOTHER SQUAD OF POLICE PUT TO PLIGHT. At this time twenty-five more policemen were sent down to quell an auxiliary riot in Mott street. About two hundred boys and young women were having a fight near Minturn Place, when the squad appeared on the ground. Instead of scattering the disorderly, the Metropolitans took the other side of the street. The rioters immediately ceased their fighting and commenced to hoot at the police. Little girls threw fire-crackers at them. Boys fired pistols at them. Men and women threw bricks, stones, mud, &c., at them. They were laughed at, jeered and hooted out ofthe Points, and walking as fast as they dared, made their escape back to Centre street, with two or three hundred of the mob at their heels, shout ing at the top of their voices. The mob expressed the greatest contempt of the police, and covered them with opprobrious epithets. THE POLICE REINFORCED. The news soon reached the White street station-house, and thirty more policemen were dispatched to assist their comrades. By this time the ¦" Rabbits " rained down bricks, stones, &c., upon the police. They also fired pistols and muskets at them ; the police, however, escaped serious injury, and captured about a dozen of the rioters, who were locked up. At this juncture, a frightful scene of riot and bloodshed ensued. A large number were wounded, and some mortally. A portion of the rioters bar ricaded Mulberry street, near Bayard, with carts, wagons, hose carriages, and timber, and built a similar barricade in Bayard street, near Eliza beth. From behind these, the " Dead Rabbits '' and " Bowery Boys " were continually firing at each other with muskets, pistols, &c., and two or three were killed and a large number wounded. Two of the dead rioters, who were shot from the top of a house in Bayard street, were taken to the White street station-house, and another to the 7th ward .station. MORE POLICE SENT DOWN. One hundred additional policemen were sent to quell the disturbance and they succeeded, about 7 o'clock in the evening, in removing the barri cades and restoring partial order. THE MILITARY CALLED FOR. A requisition was made by the Police Commissioners as follows upon Major-General Sandford : 16 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Office of the Commissioners of the Metropolitan Police District, 88 White St., New York, July 4, 1857. Major-General Sandford : Sir : — There has been several assaults upon our force. Our men are attacked in various quarters of the city. Already fatal wounds, it is feared, have been inflicted. Our force, though strong, are driven by combinations of men, seeming to be under orders of experienced policemen and others of desperate character, from point to point. You will therefore call for the requisite force to restore order, and assist the civil force in preventing further havoc among our citizens. Your obedient, S. DRAPER, President of Board of Commissioners of Police. In compliance with these orders. Gen. Sandford ordered out the Seven ty-first Regiment, Col. Vosburgh ; Seventh, Col. Duryea, and Eighth, Col. Lyons, who were kept under arms during the night of Saturday and day and evening of Sunday, at their respective armories, awaiting the or ders of Maj.-Gen. Sandford. THE THIRD RIOT. All day Sunday the Gth ward was in a disgraceful state of excitement. The battle-ground presented a woful sight, and in almost every house In the neighborhood there were dead and wounded. Crowds gathered here and there discussing the matter. The adherents of the belligerents assem bled at their headquarters and threatened to renew the riot. The " Bow ery Boys " were furious at having lost their men, and burned to revenge their deaths and wounds. Hundreds of their partisans were armed to the teeth and ready for any emergency. A report was circulated by them that the " Rabbits " were coming over into the Bowery to sack the stores which gained the sympathy of the thinking people for the Matthews side. The " Rabbits," on the other hand, industriously spread it through the ward that the Republicans and Know Nothings were coming over to burn the Popish Cathedral in Mott street, and thus raised all the Romish bigots for the " Rabbit " side. Not a policeman was seen in the ward during the day, and small fights of little moment were carried on with impunity. SUPT. tallmadge on THE LOOK-OUT. Superintendent Tallmadge, during the afternoon, went through the ward, and visited the headquarters of the rival parties. He was told that neither party would be the aggressors, but both were' thoroughly armed and prepared for an attack. As night drew on the crowds thick ened. Thousands poured into the bloody sixth from all sides. The idea THE AMEEICAN GUAED. 17 that it was Sunday seemed to be remembered by none, and of all the passers-by the Metropolitan policemen were the only ones who had no curiosity to be au courant with what was going on. A BRISK FIGHT. While great crowds thronged the Bowery and Bayard streets, fighting was going on among the thieves and vagabonds on the Points. The " Ker- ryonians " and the " Pelters," two more of the choice communities of the neighborhood, got by the ears about six o'clock, and commenced a fight in which all sorts of missiles and fire-arms were freely used. Several thou sand participated in the riot, which lasted two hours, during which not a policemen made his appearance, though the station-house in White street was not three blocks off. The party tore down the trees in front of the House of Industry. The fight seemed to be between the " Kerryonians," denizens of Worth street, near Centre, and the "Pelters," those of Cow Bay and Little Water street. The row commenced at half-past six o'clock and lasted until half- past eight o'clock. Several men got upon the roof of the house corner of Worth street and Centre, tore the chimney half down and used the bricks as missiles upon the crowd beneath. They fought in a manner worthy of a better cause, and did fearful execution upon those whom their missiles were aimed at. GEN. HALL MAKES AN ARREST. About seven o'clock General Hall came on the ground, and arrested a fellow named Patrick Finley, who was wounded in the arm and had fire arms upon him. Seeing how desperate the matter looked, and having had ocular proof of the impending riot on the old ground, Gen. Hall immediately started for the military. The 71st Regiment was ordered to White street. They were armed with the Minie musket and twenty-four round of ball cart ridge per man They formed line with two hundred men in Elm street at half-past eight. The Sth Regiment, Col. Lyons, some two hundred men, with ten round of ball per man, formed on the same ground. The 7th Regiment, Col. Duryea, assembled at Lafayette Hall at eight o'clock. They had five hundred men in fatigue dress, and the full corps of drummers. Five rounds of ball cartridge were served to each man, and five more kept in reserve. Gen. Hall was present when the ammunition was served out, and detailed his plan of operations to Col. Duryea. He stated that he would take three hundred policemen and close every house in the disaffected district ; what the policemen could not do, the soldiers could. The regiment then marched down to the Armory, in Elm street. Gen. Hall then ordered out the 9th R^^giment, Col. Pitkin ; the 55th 2 18 THE AMEEICAN GUARD. Regiment, Col. Le Gal ; and called for the 4th Regiment of A.rtillery, Col. Hincken. THE RIOTERS FLY. At half-past eight it was reported that the National Guard were on their march, and that the other regiments were hardly two blocks offi Whereupon the riot suddenly ceased, and the streets were cleared almost immediately. The wounded were many of them dragged into the houses of their friends. Action of the Seventy-Fiest Regiment in the Riot. The 71st Regiment was on duty from 10 o'clock on Sunday morning until 12 o'clock on Sunday night. At 7 o'clock Sunday night General Hall ordered the regiment to march to White street, the men having previously been supplied with 2,000 rounds of the Minie ball cartridges. This regiment was the first on the ground ready for action. The regiment was under command of Col. Yosburgh, with Ad jutant Demarest and Quartermaster Buckingham as his staff, were under arms at the Centre Market, where they had been awaiting orders since morning. The ranks were full and the men appeared anxious for duty. The 71st and 8th Regiments, preceded by a posse of policemen, about 9| o'clock, marched down Centre street and through the Five Points, where the 8th was stationed — the General and the 71st continuing the march through White street, through Elm to Fearl, and through Mulberry, Mott, Baxter and other streets. Capture of a Caj^non. While quietly marching through the Bowery toward Bayard street, about 10 o'clock a. m., the oflBcers met a party of men drag ging a large lumber wagon through the street, and upon examina tion found that it contained an eight-pound howitzer of iron. The party in charge of the wagon, the moment they caught a glance at the bayonets, took to their heels and were soon out of sight. The trophy thus captured by the 71st was taken to the Armory and locked up. The regiment proceeded to their Armory by way of the Arse nal, where the gallant 7th Regiment received them with a most patriotic and soldier-like enthusiasm. CHAPTER IV. THE SEVENTY-FIRST AS THE "GUARD OP HOKOR" IN THE RE MOVAL OP THE REMAINS OP GEN. WORTH PROM GREENWOOD CEMETERY, BROOKLYN, TO THE MONUMENT AT TWENTY- PIPTH STREET, NEW YORK. [From the New York Herald, Nov. 25, 1857.] The joint special committee of the Common Council ap pointed to oversee the erection of the Worth Monument met at 10 o'clock yesterday morning at the City Hall. After a short consul tation they decided to change the line of march slightly by turning off Broadway at Fourteenth St., passing down that street to Fifth Avenue, and up the avenue to the monument at Twenty-fifth St. Six carriages were in readiness, in which the Committee, William J. Worth, son of Maj.-Gen. Worth, and members of the press took seats, and were conducted to Greenwood Cemetery, via South Ferry. On arriving at the cemetery, the remains of Gen. Worth were brought out of the receiving vault and placed in the new coffin, which is a fac-simile of the old one. * * * The coffin is of ma hogany, covered with black velvet. On a heavy silver plate is the following inscription : " General William J. Worth, Died at San Antonio, Texas, 7th of May, 1849, Aged 55 years." Below this, the Square and Compass, denoting the General's connection with the Masonic Order and his position of that of Past Grand Master. At the foot of the coffin are the words : " United States Army." Plates on the sides of the coffin are inscribed with the follow ing words : " Florida. — Niagara. Monterey. — Chippewa." 20 THE AMERICAN GUARD. The Official Programme. The joint special committee of the Common Council on the subject of the Worth Monument respectfully announce to the pub lic that on the 25th inst., on which occasion General Worth's re mains will be finally re-interred, the procession will move from the Park at 12 m., and will proceed up Broadway to 14th St., to 5th Ave., up 5th Ave. to 25th St., the site of the erection for the mon ument, in the following order, viz. : 1. Military of this and other cities under command of Major-General Sandford. 2. The officiating clergyman. 3. The pall bearers and funeral car drawn by sixteen white horses, and the 71st Regiment, Col. Vosburgh, as guard of honor. 4. Horse of General Worth, caparisoned and led. 5. The relatives and friends of the deceased. ¦6. The Mayor and Common Council and corporation officers gen erally. 7. The Mayor and Common Council and corporation officers of Brook lyn. 8. The officers of the late war with Mexico, mounted, and the First Regiment of New York Volunteers. 9. Soldiers of 1812. 10. The United States officers, both military and civil. 11. The Society of Free and Accepted Masons. 12. The Cincinnati Society. 13. The Tammany Society. 14. The Firemen. 15. The civil societies and citizens. The solemnities to be observed at the monument will be as follows : 1. The receiving and depositing of relics in the box which is to he placed in the Corner Stone. 2. The Oration, to be delivered by His Honor the Mayor. 3. The religious ceremonies and benediction by the Rev. Dr. Vintor, who will be assisted by the Rev. Dr. Van Renssaeler of Burlington, N. J., and Rev. Dr. Stevens of Philadelphia. 4. The Dedication Ceremonies by the Masonic Fraternity. The ceremonies will then conclude by the firing of three vol leys by the 71st Regt., Col. Yosburgh, the Guard of Honor for the day. The arrangements of the day will be under the command and direction of the Committee. THE AMEEICAN GUARD. 21 [From the New York Mercury, Nov. 29, 1859.] The Seventy-First Regiment. This regiment was detailed for special duty as a Guard of Honor, a post highly honorable, and one which we think the rising talents, the active energies and ambition of the Corps entitled them to. They paraded 250 muskets, looking very neat and trim, pay ing especial attention to all the minute details. Although the duties were limited, yet the few were well done ; a pride seemed to stimulate them, they were anxious, and e^er^ man seemed to feel that the occasion was the success or defeat of their command. As early as 1 o'clock p. m. on Tuesday, Co. F, Capt. Tompkins, was on duty. This company was detailed to meet the body at South Ferry. They paraded forty muskets and marched very steady. At 2 p. M. they received the body from the National Guard of Brooklyn, Capt. Sprague, and in connection with them escorted the remains to the City Hall, where due honors were paid, and the body placed in the Governor's room. Company F, with a detachment of volunteers from the 71 st under Capt. Kinnan, mounted guard during the night until the fol lowing day, when they were relieved by the removal of the corpse to the place of deposit. The entire regiment then formed the Guard of Honor, seven companies preceding the catafalque, and one succeeding. Dodworth's band accompanied them, discoursing some deep and solemn music, a striking contrast to the remaining bands of the Division. The regiment subsequently marched to the monument, re maining there until the shades of evening, thus ending a day's duty that was, in our minds, as arduous a one as our military could an ticipate on a peace service. Their duty was well executed, entitling them to great credit, and placing them, the youngest command in the Division, second in the list of honorable competition. CHAPTER V. THE FAMOUS " LIGHT GUARD " LEAVE THE 55th REGIMENT AND JOIN THE risT.— THE "SEPOY" OR QUARANTINE WAR.— THE "AMERICANISM" OF THE REGIMENT.— THB ENGINEER CORPS. —VISIT OF THE MILWAUKEE LIGHT GUARD.— INSPECTION OP THE REGIMENT SHOWING ITS CONDITION ONE YEAR PREVI OUS TO THE WAR. In the summer of 1858, the famous Light Guard, one of the oldest independent organizations in the city, became a part of the 71st Regiment. This consolidation did not meet with the unani mous approval of the officers and members of the 71st, as will be seen by the following statement from the New York Express, August 25, 1858 : The famous "Tigers" have concluded to leave the 55th Regt., and by an unanimous vote of all the members present on Monday evening resolved to apply for the vacant charter of Company A, 71st Regiment. The proposed transfer of this company from the 55th to the 71st is not regarded favorably by the rank and file of the latter. The Colonel, it is understood, is much opposed to it. We hardly think that the admission of the L. G. would benefit the 71st. The L. G. have never been renowned for a working company, while the ambition ofthe 71st is to excel all other regiments in their drill and efficiency as a military body. ^ The following order of the Adjutant-General shows the final result of the matter : Special Orders, No. 168. General Headquarters, State op New York, Adjutant-General's Office, Albany, September 16, 1858. Company 1, Captain John R. Garland commanding, of the 55th Regi ment and 3d Brigade, is hereby transferred to the 71st Regiment and 1st Brigade, and will hereafter be distinguished in such 71st Regiment by the letter A. Capt. Garland will, on receipt of these orders, report in writ ing to Col. A. S. Vosburgh, commanding the 71st Regiment, for duty with his company in such regiment. The officers, non-commissioned offi cers, and privates, respectively, of such company are hereby required to uniform and equip within six months from the date of these orders, in strict conformity with the orders establishing the uniforms and equip- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 23 ments for the 71st Regiment. After which date the Commandant of the regiment will report to the General Headquarters the names ofthe offi cers, and to the General ef his brigade the names of the non-commissioned officers and privates of companies deficient in or deteriorating from the requirements of such uniform order, to the end that the same may be en forced by process of martial law. By order ofthe Commander-in-Chief, • FRED'K TOWNSEND, Adjutant- General. Soon after this addition to the ranks of the 71st Regiment oc curred the famous " Sepot " OR Quarantine War. The causes which led to it, and the events which followed, are accurately described in the columns of the New York Herald, under date of Friday, September 3, 1858 : On Wednesday evening last, just as the people were returning from the Atlantic cable festival, a fire burst forth in the Quarantine grounds on Staten Island, and raged fitfully until nearly all the hospitals, the Health Officer's dwelling-house and various outhouses were destroyed. There ap pears to be no doubt in the way the fire originated. As was to be ex pected, considering the intense hostility which the residents of the place feel toward the hospitals, in consequence of the infection they breed, and the corrupt practices which are said to be prevalent within their pre cincts, the accident has been ascribed to incendiarism. * * * For years it has been so cruel and shocking a nuisance to the most pleasant suburb of the city that the people of the locality must have been long suffering indeed to have borne with it so long. * * * The fire at Quarantine on Wednesday night appears to have been of a much more serious nature than was at first supposed. Nearly every building within the Quarantine grounds was totally destroyed with the exception ofthe principal female hospital, known as the St. Nicholas. The excitement at Staten Island was most intense, hundreds of per sons being congregated on and about the landing talking over the affair. The scene was indeed beyond description, the grass was covered with the sick, many suffering the most intense agony. A large majority of the sick, however, were provided with every accommodation in the prison house, the only building now standing. As to the cause of the fire there is no doubt but that it was arranged by the incendiaries to fire the build ings on Wednesday night, as the manner in which it was done shows that their plans had all been well arranged before the work was commenced. 24 THE AMEEICAN GUARD. The first that was known of the intention to destroy the buildings was the appearance of about five hundred persons at the upper gate on the line of the west wall. Dr. Thompson was instantly made aware of the fact, when he ordered the stevedores to be aroused. He had no sooner given the above order than the old smallpox hospital on the upper end of the grounds was discovered to be on fire. Every one within the grounds was soon awake, but it was found that the mob was too strong for them to attempt to drive them away. Dr. Bissel, as soon as he saw the fire, took his gun and ran up to the smallpox hospital, where he found a large number of straw beds piled under the piazzas, and burning at a tremendous rate. He remonstrated with the mob, but to no purpose, as they instantly drove him from the place. They then proceeded to the shanties extend ing along the west wall — ten in number — and fired each of them, first, however, removing the sick, among them some of the smallpox patients, about fifteen in number. The mob appeared, while destroying the shan ties, in a great state of excitement. They would run into the three shan ties not fired and secure a straw bed, and then take it to where the fire was, setting the beds on fire, after which they would return with the burning beds and throw them into the shanties. In this manner they destroyed every one. * * * The mob remained in and about the Quarantine grounds until near daylight, when they all left. Among them were many well known citi zens of the island, none of whom were disguised. It is said the work of firing the first building was done by two persons, one of whom the steve dores attempted to arrest, but he was afterwards liberated by one of the doctors connected with the Quarantine. * * * The cause of this unfortunate conflagration may be traced to a reso lution ofthe Board of Health of Castleton, which they passed on the 1st inst. at ten o'clock a. m. The following are the resolutions : Besolved. That the whole Quarantine establishment, located as it is in the midst of a dense population, has become a pest and a nuisance of the most odious character, bringing death and desolation to the very doors of the people of the towns of Castleton and Smithfield. Resolved. That it is a nuisance intolerable to be borne by the citizens of these towns any longer. Resolved. That this Board recommend the citizens of this county to protect themselves by abating this abominable nuisance without delay. R. CHRISTOPHER, Chairman N. W. BOYCE, Secretary. THE AMEEICAN GUAED. 25 [New York Herald, Saturday, Sept. 4, 1858.] On Thursday night the work of destroying the Quarantine buildings was resumed, resulting successfully in the destruction of every building used for quarantine purposes, including the large stone Marine Hos pital. * * * The Metropolitan police sent down from New York cut a sorry figure during the day. They had nothing to do but gaze at the vessels in the stream, march around the walls, or imbibe lager or some stronger bever age at Burns' Hotel, which was their favorite resort. * * * apprehended burning op the shipping. Collector Schell was waited upon by a committee of underwriters and merchants, requesting him to take measures for the protection of the shipping and merchandise lying at the Upper Quarantine anchor age. * * * The excitement continued to increase from day to day and the police force were found to be unequal to the task of protecting the quarantine property. Accordingly, on the 7th of September, Governor John A. King issued a proclamation declaring the county of Richmond in a state of in surrection, " and, in order to assist in preserving and to protect the prop erty ofthe State, and the lives of the sick, that a military force of suffi cient strength shall be detailed and stationed at the Quarantine, until the returning sense ofthe people of Richmond county to their duties and obli gations as peaceful citizens shall render its presence unnecessary, or until the Legislature shall otherwise direct." the military ordered out. New Yore, Sept. 8, 1858. In pursuance of Special Orders No. 156, from General Headquarters, issued pursuant to proclamation of his Excellency the Governor, the Major-General hereby details the Sth Regiment, New York State Militia, under the command of Colonel George Lyons, to proceed without unnec essary delay to Richmond county, and take position immediately adjacent to the Quarantine grounds, but not within the Quarantine inclosure, and sufficiently near to the property of the State and to the buildings to be erected for the accommodation of the sick, to be able at all times instantly and effectively to defend the same and the lives of the sick against all vio lence. * * * C. H. SANDFORD, D. Q. M., Acting Division Inspector. 26 THE AMEEICAN GUARD. the seventy-first regiment ordered to encamp at quarantine. Other regiments were ordered to relieve the Sth, and on Oct. 2 the following order was issued : Regimental Order No. 2. ) Headquarters, New York, Oct. 2, 1S58. j In compliance with division and brigade orders, this regiment will as semble at the armory for parade, in full uniform, with overcoats and knap sacks, on Wednesday, the Gth inst., at half-past nine o'clock a. m., and will proceed to Staten Island on special duty. The regimental line will be foi'med in Bond street, right on Broadway, at half-past ten o'clock A. m. pre cisely. The fatigue jacket, cape of the overcoat and shoulder knot will be placed in the knapsack ; fatigue cap on waist button. The field and staff" will report to the Colonel at the armory, dismounted, at ten o'clock a. m. The band, field music, general guides, color bearers, and noncommis sioned staff will report to the Adjutant at the armory at half-past nine o'clock on the day of parade. Every member will provide himself with blankets, necessary change of underclothing, white gloves, &c. Only such baggage as may be absolutely necessary will be permitted, the same to be marked with the name of the owner and letter of his company and sent to the armory before nine o'clock A. M. on the day of parade. * * * Col. a. S. VOSBURGH. A. G. DEMAREST, Adjutant. Reception of the Seventy-First at Staten Island. [From the New York Express, October 7, 1858.J The 71st Regiment were received with much more cordiality by the residents about Quarantine than was extended to the other regiments, many members of the regiment being personally known, and several of the officers having formerly resided there. There was a considerable rep resentation on the grounds to receive them. Of the 350 men whom the 71st took down, about 250 (the number called for) remained over night on the grounds, and the great insufficiency of mattrasses, camp stools, and every other necessary article of the kind was experienced ; even tents were too few, seven or eight being crowded in each. Lieut.-Col. Martin, formerly ofthe 71st (and one of the best military men in the State), slept in camp, the guest of Col. Vosburgh. THE AMEEICAN GUARD. 27 The regiment remained on duty until October 19, when they were re lieved by the 69th. On their return the 71st were received by the 7th Regiment. These two fine regiments attracted marked attention as they marched through the city. The line of march was up Broadway and past the City Hall, where both regiments were received by Mayor Tieman, the Staff of the Third Brigade and several other notabilities. " Put None but Americans on Guard." The 71st continued to maintain its reputation as an American regiment until the New York Light Guard became a part. It was said that the Light Guard, contrary to the principles of the organi zation of the regiment, but not of the State law, brought in several foreigners. This caused great dissensions in the ranks of the other companies, and a bitter feeling was engendered which finally culmi nated in a mass meeting of the regiment, at which resolutions were adopted, protesting against the introduction of any but native born Americans. On the following evening, at a drill parade of the right wing. Col. Yosburgh made an address to the men, expressing, in the strongest terms, his disapproval of the " mass meeting," at the same time assuring them of his determination to maintain the nationality of the regiment. This difficulty for the time was smoothed over, but the strong feeling of Americanism was grad ually dying out. Other issues of more vital importance arose, and the question of nationality was finally forgotten. The following year an Engineer Corps was organized, under the command of Sergt. Charles H. Cochran. A contemporary writer says of it, " the ranks of the Corps are now full with quite a number of applications which cannot be granted." Yisrr OF the Milwaukee Light Guard. On Sunday, June 12, 1859, the Milwaukee Light Guard visited the city as the guests of the 71st Regiment. They were received on their arrival by Company C, Capt. W. J. Coles, and escorted to the Armory. They were hospitably entertained for three or four days by the different companies of the 71st, each vying with the other to do honor to the distinguished guests. Company D es corted them down the Bay ; the Light Guard — Company A — gave them an entertainment at Lafayette Hall. " Over the Hall waved 28 THE AMEEICAN GUAED. the flag of the Light Guard of New York, with the appropriate de vice of the Tiger." Capt. Starkweather, of the Milwaukee Light Guard, in the course of his remarks, gave utterance to the following sentiment : "The two Companies A — the New York Light Guard and the Milwaukee Light Guard, the 71st and the 1st Regiments — joined to-day by the groat God above ; let no man put them asunder." Annual Parade and Inspection. The following account of the annual parade and inspection of the regiment, which occurred October 3, 1859, is given to show the condition and status of the regiment about a year previous to the war : The American Guard, or 71st Regiment rather, a light infantry corps of no mean pretensions, but considered of the "crack'' order, to borrow a word, and superior in many respects to any other known and similarly constituted command on this continent or in Europe, was out in all its glory, but not available strength, on Thursday the 20th inst., for review, battalion drill and Itispection. * * * The following is a summary in detail, showing the municipal strength of the second famous, if rot first great regiment in the United States, so to speak : Field. Commissioned Staff. Non- Commissioned Staff. Colonel. Adjutant. Serg't-Major. Lieut.-Colonel. Commissary. Quartermaster-Serg't. Major. Surgeon. Ordnance Serg't. Engineer. Color-Serg't. Surgeon's Mate. Drum-Major. Paymaster. Standard Bearers. Quartermaster. General Guides. Chaplain. Color Corporals. Total Field and Staff" 21 Engineers. Serg't, Chas. H. Cochrane ; Privates, 9 ; Drummer, 1; Total, 11. THE AMEEICAN GUARD. 39 Company A. Capt. J. R. Garland . . 1 First Lieut 1 Second Lieut 1 Company B. Capt. B. L. Trafford. 1 First Lieut 1 Second Lieut 1 Company C. Capt. Wm. J. Coles . . 1 First Lieut I Second Lieut 1 Sergeants 3 Sergeants 2 Sergeants 4 Corporals 4 Corporals 3 Corporals 4 Drummers 3 Drummers 2 Privates 44 Privates 17 Drummers .... 2 Privates 37 Total . .57 Total . .27 Total. .50 Company J). Capt. D. C. Meschut.l First Lieut 1 Second Lieut 1 Company E. Capt. H. F. Metzler . . 1 First Lieut 1 Second Lieut 1 Sergeants 4 Sergeants 4 Corporals 4 Corporals 4 Drummers 3 Drummers 2 Privates 29 Privates 24 Company F. Capt. G.W.Wheeler. 1 First Lieut 1 Second Lieut 0 Sergeants 4 Corporals 4 Drummers 2 Privates 50 Total Total . .62 Company G. Capt. A. P. Kinnan. .1 First Lieut 1 Second Lieut 1 Sergeants 4 Corporals 4 Drummers 2 Privates 47 .43 Total. 37 Company H. Capt. A. F. Miller... 1 First Lieut 0 Second Lieut 1 Sergeants 4 Corporals 4 Corporals 4 Drummers 3 Drummers 4 Privates 29 Privates 16 Co'mpany I. Capt. S. A. Bunce. . .1 First Lieut 1 Second Lieut 1 Sergeants 4 Total . .60 Total. .42 Total. .31 Dodworth's 71st Regiment Band (Musicians) 40 Total number present 441 " " absent 131 Total strength of the regiment 612 CHAPTEE VI. EVENTS OF 1861.— INAUGURATION OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.— SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA SECEDE.— SPREAD OF THE REBELLION THROUGH THE SOUTHERN STATES. — BOMBARDMENT AND FALL OF PORT SUMTER.— PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S PROCLAMATION CALL ING FOR SEVENTY FIVE THOUSAND TROOPS.— RESPONSE BT THE SEVENTY-FIRST.— RECRUITING TO FILL ITS QUOTA.— DE PARTURE FOR WASHINGTON.— IN CAMP AT THE NAVY YARD. —DEATH OF COL. VOSBURGH. The election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States by the vote of seventeen States, or one hundred and eighty electors out of three hundred and three, was made known in South Carolina and Georgia, and provoked great indignation. The Leg islature of South Carolina, the day following the general election, adopted resolutions to call a convention of the people to consider the question of secession, call out the militia, and prepare for war. The spirit of rebellion spread rapidly throughout the South. In December, 1860, South Carolina declared herself an independent State. On April 12, 1861, South Carolina threw down, the gaunt let, and declared war by firing on Fort Sumter, ending in its final surrender on the 13th. This was immediately followed by Presi dent Lincoln's proclamation, April 15th, calling for seventy-five thousand troops to serve for three months. On the 16th of April occurred the usual spring battalion and exhibition drill of the 71st Regiment at the State Arsenal, corner of 35th St. and 7th Avenue. There were present 380 officers and men. At the conclusion of the drill Colonel Yosburgh addressed the men. Referring to the President's proclamation calling for troops, he said that if they desired to go he would lead them to Washing ton and Mount Vernon. Said he, " if you should be called upon to fight for your country and the Union would you be ready to go ?" The entire regiment responded, " We are ready, Colonel? " [From this period to the close of the three months' campaign, the events connected with the 71st Regiment are compiled from a THE AMEEICAN GUARD. 31 "journal " kept by Sergeant J. T. Woolsey of Company G, at pres ent Quartermaster of the Veteran Association. This interesting journal is made up from the daily experience of Serg't Woolsey, together with numerous extracts from the daily press, forming a complete and accurate narrative of the three months' cam paign.] Colonel Vosburgh took immediate steps to place the 71st on a war footing, and on the 18th of April issued General Orders No. 7 for the regiment to assemble on April 23 for practice in light infan try street firings, &c., in front of the Everett House. This order was not carried out, however, in consequence of tlie receipt, on April 19, of orders from General and Division Head quarters to make immediate preparations for proceeding to Wash ington and entering the U. S. service. Accordingly, at 8 o'clock p. M., recruiting was commenced by each of the company command ants at their respective meeting rooms and kept up until 12 o'clock. By that time the quota was filled and hundreds of eager patriots were turned away. On April 20, General Orders No. 8 was issued by the Colonel commanding, requiring the regiment to assemble at the Armory on Sunday morning April 21, at 7 o'clock a. m., in full fatigue with fatigue cap, and with overcoat and knapsack, to embark for Wash ington city. " The regimental line will be formed in Bond street, right on Broadway, at half -past 8 o'clock precisely." The several companies met at the Centre Market Armory at the hour appointed, but, owing to delays, the line on Bond street was not formed until 11 o'clock a. m. It was then discovered that the number of men recruited was considerably in excess of the quota, consequently orders were issued to detach ten men from each com pany. The following were the field, staff', and non-commissioned staff officers : Colonel, Abram S. Vosburgh ; Acting Lieut.-Colonel, Henry P. Martin; Major, G. A. Buckingham ; Adjutant, A. Hamilton Pride; Engineer, E. A. Quintard; Quartermaster, Geo. W. Rose velt; Surgeon, Chas. McMillan; Ass't-Surgeon, Jno. Q. Dodge; Chaplain, Cornelius Corson ; Commissary and Acting Q. M., W. Borrowe ; Paymaster, Eugene Peugnet ; Serg't-Major, Henry F. Libenan ; Q. M. Sergeant, Nicholas W. Day ; Right Gen'l Guide, S. E. Egbert ; Left Gen'l Guide, F. Shelley ; Color-Sergeants, H. 32 THE AMERICAN GUAED. E. Searles and H. E. Smith ; Ordnance-Serg't, Edgar A. Seelye. Total rank and file, 950 men. Soon after 12 o'clock the regiment wheeled into column by platoons and marched down Broadway, through Cortlandt to West street, to Pier No. 4, and about 2 o'clock p.m. embarked on the pro peller R. R. Cyler. The steamer left about 5 o'clock p. m. in com pany with the Baltic, Columbia, and Coatzacoalcos, under convoy of the U. S. revenue cutter Harriet Lane. Soon after starting it was discovered that the steamer was en tirely inadequate in her accommodations for the number of men as signed to her, her capacity not being equal to half the number composing the 71st. It required great tact, skill and good judg ment to provide accommodations for this number ; as it was, the men suffered great inconvenience and hardship, which was borne patiently to the end of the voyage. The steamer arrived at Annapolis on Tuesday the 23d. At 9 o'clock on the following morning she weighed anchor, steamed up the river and ran aground. The men were taken on board the steamer Boston, and landed at the Naval Academy wharf. The men were quartered for the time in a wooden structure known as Fort Severn. The regiment turned out at 3 o'clock on the morning of the 25th, and at 5 o'clock marched out by the left flank, accompanied by George Wilkes, editor of the Spirit qf the Times and one of the editors of the New York World. The march to Annapolis Junction, the objective point, was a long and tedious one, and late in the afternoon frequent inquiries were made along the route from " contrabands " and others as to the distance ; the usual reply being, " Nine miles to the Junction." This gave rise to the poem and song composed by H. Maillard, of " Nine Miles to the Junction." The regiment arrived at the "Junction" at 3^ o'clock a. m. April 26 — distance, 27 miles ; time, 22^ hours, including halts. At 6 o'clock p. M. they embarked for Washington, where they ar rived at 6 o'clock on the morning of April 27, and were assigned to temporary quarters at the Inauguration Ball Room. Colonel Vosburgh soon after waited upon General Scott and reported the arrival of the 71st without a man sick or missing. This unexpected report after such a fatiguing march as they had undergone, so pleased the veteran General that he at once gave an order for the 71st to march to the Navy Yard and take up their quarters at that THE AMEEICAN GUARD. 33 important post. On the afternoon of the following day they were visited by President Lincoln and Secretary of State Wm. H. Seward. On Monday, the 29th, active preparations were made for camp life. Officers of the regiment were instructed in their special duties; the most rigid sanitary precautions were adopted; and everything that could conduce to the comfort and health of the men was provided, and the 7lst was soon placed on a thorough war footing. The men were kept busy each day and the raw recruits were soon under the most thorough discipline. The President and his Cabinet were frequent visitors at the camp, and prominent army officers expressed in the strongest terms their admiration of the thorough drill and discipline of the regiment, also of the perfect system which pervaded every department, the military skill and ingenuity displayed in laying out the camp and providing for the comfort of the men. On Friday, May 3d, at 3 o'clock p. m., there was held a regi mental parade and review by Major-General Irwin McDowell, In spector-General U. S. A., who complimented the regiment highly on their appearance, discipline and proficiency in drill. After the review the companies were each marched to their respective quar ters and mustered into the United States service. The Sunday morning Chronicle, of May 12, refers thus to the 71st Regiment : "That fine body of men, the 71st Regiment, con tinue on duty at the Navy Yard, where they have been eminently useful as auxiliaries to the regular troops, and, by their gentle manly deportment, have won friends among all classes, from the Commodore to the marine." Death of Colonel Vosburgh. On May 17, at 6 o'clock p. m., Parade and Battalion Drill, Colonel Vosburgh appeared on parade and assumed command for the last time. A short time previous to this, while on a recon- noitering expedition in company with other officers, he jumped from a platform car down a high embankment and ruptured a blood vessel ; this was followed by hemorrhages of the lungs, and he continued to grow worse. He had another hemorrhage on the 19th, and on Monday morning. May 20th, at 8:30 a. m., he breathed his last. A deep gloom pervaded the camp, for Colonel Vos burgh was beloved by the rank and tile, and all deeply mourned his loss. 3 34 THE AMEEICAN GUAED. Lieut.-Col. Martin immediately assumed command. All drills were suspended for the day. At 12 o'clock m. the regiment wa& assembled on parade, when orders were read announcing the death of Colonel Vosburgh. On the following day the body was incased in a neat walnut coffin and laid out in the Headquarters of the regiment, where it was visited by officers of the Army and Navy and many dis tinguished persons. Wreaths of flowers and immortelles, sent by sorrowing friends, were laid upon the coffin. Among these was a beautifully wrought laurel wreath, presented by President Lincoln. At 12 o'clock the casket containing the remains was brought out and placed in the inclosure in front of the quarters, the 71st Regi- ^tnent in line, immediately in front, at parade rest ; the 12th New York and 1st Rhode Island regiments taking positions immediateh' in their rear, while the 69th New York and two companies of ma rines, accompanied by the Marine Band, were posted in front of the marine barracks, outside of the yard. The impressive burial service of the Protestant Episcopal church was then performed by Chaplain Pearce of the 7lst Regiment, as sisted by the Rev. Dr. Morrell, of Christ Church, and Rev. Dr. Butler, of Trinity Church; at the conclusion of which, the fol lowing Ode or Hymn, composed for the occasion by Mr. H. Mil lard, of Company A, was sung by the entire regiment, accompanied by the band : Hush ! our Colonel lies in slumber — Folded close in Death's cold arms ; Never more he'll join our number. Never more hear war's alarms. Frank by nature, brave and loyal — Dearly loved and prized was he ; Now his wreath is more than royal ; In our hearts enshrined he'll be. Never more the drum's swift beating. Nor the clarion trumpet shrill. Shall arouse him from his sleeping And his breast with ardor fill. He was loved by all his brothers In the camp — none more than he ; Everything he shared with others, Now we claim "his memory." THE AMERICAN GUARD. 35 And the Seventy-first will cherish All his virtues, all his aims ; If in battle we should perish. Doing what stern duty claims, He will gaze with satisfaction. Smiling as he used to smile. To reward our noble action, And be proud of us the while. Wrap our glorious flag around him, Let the stripes and stars be seen, Whilst his comrades who surround him Swear to " keep his memory green ; " Then will his proud soul elate him Higher still to camps above. Where the angel-warriors wait him, And a sword of perfect love. Upon the conclusion of these services, at 1 o'clock, the line be ing formed, marched out with arms reversed to the railroad station. The cortege was over a mile in length, and presented a most impos ing appearance. The remains were placed in a car and sent to New York under an escort of the 71st, and arrived at Jersey City the next morning. It was taken to the residence of Col. Vosburgh's father, 806 Greenwich street, and was buried with military honors in Greenwood Cemetery on the 23d of May. COLONEL ABRAM S. VOSBURGH. commanding SEVBNTr-rlRST BBGIMBNT, N. V. S. M. — AMEKICAN GtJABD — FROM AUGUST 3, 1853, TO MAY 20, 1861. Colonel Vosbuegh was born at Kinderhook, Columbia Co., N. Y., September 20, 1825. His family were " Holland Dutch " col onists who came to America in 1642, and settled subsequently in the counties of Columbia and Schoharie. His father, John S. Vosburgh, was a private in the war of 1812, and his grandfather was active ly engaged in the Continental Army throughout the Revolution. He came to New York city in 1844, and soon after became iden tified with the militia. June 11, 1849, he was commissioned En gineer on the staff of the Brigadier-General (Spicer) of the 1st Brigade of the Militia of the State. November 19, 1850, he was commissioned by Governor Fish as Quartermaster of the 1st 36 THE AMEEICAN GUARD. Brigade, and on August 2, 1852, he received the commission of Colonel of the 71st Regiment, which he held at the time of his death. He was very energetic and faithful in advancing the interests of his regiment, and from inefficiency he brought it to perfect dis cipline as an infantry regiment, ranking among the first in the coun try. In 1 857, during the Dead Rabbit riot, just before starting, he asked his men if they were ready to meet the mob. They replied : " If you will assume all responsibility of the command, and not allow any inefficient officer over you to assume authority over us, we will go where you lead." The result is well known. The same year he took the regiment to Newburg to compete for the five hundred dollar prize, given by the Military Association, with the 1 9th Regiment, the regiment most efficient in drill to be declared the winner. Colonel Vosburgh's men entered the field and went through their evolutions. When they had completed, the commanding officer of the 19th Regiment declined to drill his men, stating that he would give up beat, without attempting to go through the evolutions. Colonel Vosburgh was again in the Held at the burning of the Quarantine, known as the "Sepoy War," and tliere rendered excellent service to the public. In 1858 he was successful in obtaining an order for the regiment to do duty as light infantry. Subsequently his corps was assigned to the right of the 1st Division, which was the post of honor. He applied himself incessantly to studying all branches of military science ; and, in fact, seemed infatuated with it, almost to the neglect of his busi ness. While with his men he always seemed to have at heart their best interests, and they were devoted to him.. As an eques trian he has seldom been excelled by any military officer, and was one of the finest appearing officers in the saddle in this city. At the breaking out of the war he was among the first to tender his services to the Government. He married, March 11, 1852. When, in 1861, President Lincoln made a call for troops to defend the capital he responded and led the 71st to Washington. During a reconnoiter in the march through Maryland, in consequence of the Confederates having torn up the rails, he was with several other officers compelled to leap from the engine off an embankment, and sustained internal injuries from which he died at the Navy Yard in Washington, May 20 (1861), the immediate cause of his death being the rupture of a blood-vessel. CHAPTER VII. ADVANCE OF THE ARMY INTO VIRGINIA. — OCCUPATION OF ALEXANDRIA AND ARLINGTON HEIGHTS.— DEATH OP COL. ELLSWORTH.- OPERATIONS ON THE POTOMAC— BATTLE OF BULL RUN.— OFFICIAL REPORT OF COL. H. P. MARTIN TO THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL OP THE STATE OP NEW YORK. On May 23, orders were given by Gen. Mansfield for an advance into Virginia, and the occupation of Alexandria and Ar lington Heights. Owing to the recent death of Colonel Vosburgh the 71st was not included in the order. Referring to the disposition of the troops it is stated that the 1st Michigan, a detachment of LT. S. Cavalry and a section of Sher man's battery, marched via Long Bridge to Alexandria. Colonel Ellsworth, of the ilth Regt. N. Y. Vol., Zouaves, having received orders on the 23d to take possession of Alexandria with his regi ment, left his camp on the heights back of the insane asylum in Maryland at an early hour in the evening and proceeded to the banks of the Potomac opposite Alexandria. About 12 o'clock p. m. the steamers Baltimore and Mount Vernon, Capt. Morris, U. S. N., each manned in part by a detachment from the 71st Regiment, cleared for action, and taking in tow a number of small boats and scows, accompanied by the " James Guy," as tender, proceeded down the river about two miles to the Zouave camp, where they ar rived about 2 o'clock a. m.. May 24th, and the 71st Regt. men, man ning the boats, proceeded immediately to transfer the Zouaves, 900 strong, on board the steamers "Mount Vernon " and "Baltimore," which proceeded at once to Alexandria. A little before five o'clock A. M. the commander of the U. S. steamer " Pawnee," lying off" Al exandria, sent a flag of truce to the rebel forces, giving them one hour in which to withdraw from the town. At 5 o'clock the " Bal timore" and "Mount Vernon " made fast to the wharf. As our troops approached the shore the sentinels of the rebel army were clearly seen, but, after discharging their pieces, they disappeared. Lieut. Pendergast of the 71st, with 20 men from Company E, were the first to land, but just as they were leading off in the advance they were recalled, the steamer having sprung aleak. 38 THE AMERICAN GUARD. The 71st Regiment disembarked by companies and proceeded to occupy the city, which was effected without resistance. Colonel Ellsworth, of the Zouaves, after leaving directions with his adju tant to form the regiment, started for the telegraph office with a small escort for the purpose of cutting the wires. While proceed ing thence, his attention was called to a secession flag flying from the roof of the Marshall House. He immediately entered, as cended to the roof, and took down the obnoxious flag. While de scending, J. W. Jackson, the proprietor, levelled a double-barrelled gun and fired at Col. Ellsworth, killing him instantly. Private Francis E. Brownell, of the 71st, at once shot and killed the as sassin. The body of the gallant Colonel was wrapped in a blanket and taken to the steamer Jas. Guy, and conveyed to the Navy Yard, where it was received by the 71st Regiment. His untimely death was deeply lamented throughout the army. Hundreds of people visited the remains, among them President Lincoln and his family. On Saturday, May 25, the remains of Colonel Ellsworth were conveyed to the President's house, where they lay in state for sev eral hours, and were viewed by an immense throng of sorrowing people. The funeral took place at 1 o'clock accompanied by an escort, consisting of a cavalry company of District Volunteers, several companies of infantry of the City Volunteers, a battalion of U. S. marines, and the 71st Regiment. The hearse was fol lowed by a detachment of the Zouaves, private Brownell bearing the secession flag torn down by the deceased. Following them came President Lincoln, Secretaries Seward and Smith, Major- General Scott and staff, and the captains of the 11th Zouaves. The procession proceeded from the Executive Mansion to the railroad station, and was there dismissed. Simultaneously with the landing of the Zouaves, on May 24, the 1st Michigan regiment surprised and captured a company of Virginia cavalry under command of Capt. Ball, numbering 35 men. Tiie prisoners were sent to the Navy Yard and placed under guard of the 7lst. On Wednesday, May 29th, the 71st returned to their old quar ters in the Navy Yard, where a rigid system of drill and target practice was kept up. On June 3, the Parmenter Rifles, Company I, 19th Regiment, N. Y. S. M., numbering 60 men, commanded by Captain Au- THE AMEEICAN GUAED. 39 gustus V. H. EUis, arrived from Newburg, destined for the 7lst Regiment. During the latter part of May and early part of June, de tachments from the 71st were selected for special and secret service on the gunboats plying the Potomac. The following cor respondence contains a brief record of their service: Recoed. On the 31st of May, 1861, the U. S. steamer "Thomas Freeborn," Captain J. H. Ward, U. S. N., supported by the "Anacosta " and " Reso lute," opened a cannonade upon the rebel batteries at Acquia Creek, 55 miles below Washington, at the terminus of the Fredericksburg and Po tomac R. R. * * * After an incessant discharge, kept up for two hours, and the expendi ture of all the ammunition suitable for distant firing, and silencing com pletely the three batteries at the railroad terminus, the firing from shore having been rapidly kept up by them until so silenced, and having been recommenced from new batteries from the heights back, which reached O I us in volleys, dropped the shot on board and about us like hail for nearly an hour, I hauled the vessel off, as the heights proved wholly above the reach of our elevation. Judging from the explosion of our 10 second shells in the sand bat teries, two of which were thrown by the "Anacosta," it is hardly possible the enemy can have escaped considerable loss. Several of the "Anacosta's " shells dropped in the vicinity of the bat tery. I cannot speak in too high terms of the officers and men, whose coolness and activity under great exposure are beyond praise. — Captain Ward's Report. June 1st, 1861. — The bombardment of Acquia Creek was recommenced to-day by the " Pawnee," " Thomas Freeborn," "Anacosta," " Yankee " and " Reliance," commencing at 11:30 a. m. and terminating at 4:30 p. m., when the enemy's batteries were silenced and deserted by the rebels, who were seen rapidly retreating along the beach. Capt. Ward, in his re port, says : " The shot at times fell thick about us, testing the gallantry and steadiness of my people, which I consider of standard proof for any emergency." Lieut. Pendergast and 22 men from Company C, 71st Regiment, N. Y. S. M., were on board the 'Anacosta " and worked the guns during the engagement, and displayed so much gallantry while exposed to the ene my's fire that they received the special commendation of the commanding officer in his report to the Department. 40 THE AMEEICAN GUAED. June bth, 1861. — The following correspondence relating to the con duct ofthe detail from Company C, 71st Regt., on board the "Anacosta" at Acquia Creek, was this day published in Special Orders : Headquartees American Guard, 7Ist Regt., N. Y. State Troops, Navy Yard, Washington, June 5th, 1861. Special Orders : The Commandant having received a note from Capt. John A. Dahl gren, enclosing a copy ofthe report ofthe part performed by a detachment f the 7Ist Regiment in the engagement at Acquia Creek, on the Ist and 2d inst., the same is hereby published for the informatiaptain, Alfred Spear. Company D. — Captain, J. N. Youmans. Company E. — Captain, James S. Turner. Company F. — Captain, Charles H. Leland. Company O. — Cap tain, Abram L. Webber. Company H. — Captain, Amos L. See. Company I. — 1st Lieutenant, Theodore Y. Smith. Compa/)iy K. — Captain, William H. Cox. Bandm,aster, Professor F. I. Eben. Everything being in readiness the regiment marched from their armory in the afternoon and took passage on the steamer City of Lawrence, arriving at Providence on the morning of the following day. They were received by a salute of fifty guns, fired by a section of the Marine Artillery. All Providence turned out to meet them. The business houses were closed, and every arrange ment completed to make it one of the finest celebrations ever witnessed in the city. The escort consisted of General Wm. R. Walker and Staff, Providence Horse Guards ; Platoon of Police ; United Train of Artillery; First Light Infantry; Major-General Horace Daniels and Staff ; Second Rhode Island Yeteran Associa tion, together with a large number of distinguished invited guests. On their arrival at the Parade Ground they were met by his excellency Governor Padelford, who addressed them as follows : " It gives me great pleasure as the Executive of the State, in connection with his honor the Mayor, to extend to you, soldiers ofthe 71st Regiment of New York, and the distinguished gentlemen who accompany you, a warm and cordial welcome to the city and State. The name, sir, of the 71 st New York is with us household words. Your memorable union with THE AMERICAN GUARD. 93 the 1st Rhode Island at Annapolis Junction, and your march into Washington to protect the Capital and the archives of the general government, your march under Burnside, accompanied by the State Executive, with the Ist and 2d Rhode Island, Reynold's Battery, and the 2d New Hampshire, to the battle of Bull Run, your baptism with blood, are events which will never be forgotten. Many of you fought on other battle fields, offering your lives as a sacrifice to freedom. May we never have another occasion for a like fraternization, but God grant that our future may be blessed with peace, prosperity and happiness." After this the company partook of a splendid collation which did honor to their Rhode Island friends. A heavy rain was falling which prevented the further ceremonies in the open air, and the time was agreeably spent in speechmaking and toasts. Colonel Henry Lippitt, the toastmaster, called on Lieut. -CoL Wolcott (Col. Rockafellar not having yet arrived). Col. Wolcott plead indisposi tion, and shifted the responsibility on to Capt. Underhill, who thanked their Rhode Island friends heartily for their . kind reception and hoped the time would come when the 71st would have the opportunity to reciprocate their kindness. Colonel Martin of the Yeterans was called upon, who responded in a few words, in wliich he said : " May God grant that our future may be blessed with peace, prosperity and happiness." Several others were called upon and responded in the same vein, after which the company broke up and were conveyed to their various headquarters. Colonel Rockafellar, who had just returned from a trip to Europe, did not arrive until four o'clock in the afternoon. He was warmly welcomed by the Providence military, and thrice welcomed by his comrades of the 71st. The following day the exercises consisted of a dress parade, review, and concert at Rocky Point, with a promenade concert and hop in the evening. The next day the 71st took their departure, having enjoyed one of the most delightful excursions and pleasant reunions of any participated in since the war. In 1871 Lieut.-Col. Wolcott resigned, and Capt. Yose, an accomplished officer of the 22d Regiment, was elected in his place. Owing to failing health Colonel Rockafellar resigned his command of the regiment the following year. 94 THE AMERICAN GUARD. COLONEL HARRY ROCKAFELLAR. COMMANDING SEVBNTT-PIBST EEGIMENT, FROM NOVEMBER 15, 1869, TO 1873. This brave and accomplished officer was bom in the city of Philadelphia, Pa., October 28, 1841. He removed to New York in 1858, and soon after joined Company D of the Ninth Regiment, N. Y. S. M. as private. He remained with this regiment until the breaking out of the war. The Seventy-first being the first to volunteer he left his Alma Mater and joined the latter as private in Company F. He soon adapted himself to his duties, and being young, vivacious, and of a happy nature, soon made hosts of friends. In the daily routine of duties in the Navy Yard, and in detailed service on the Potomac, his soldierly qualities were observed by army officers, and he was notified that a commission as second lieu tenant in the U. S. Army awaited his acceptance, but he declined to leave the Seventy-first to which he had become strongly attached. Young Rockafellar was no holiday soldier. When the order came to march to the battle-field of Bull Run he went forward like a veteran. He saw his comrades falling around him, but he shrunk not from the fiery ordeal. When he was struck by a piece of shell that carried away his left arm, and a bullet passed through his mouth, he met his fate bravely. He was left on the field of bat tle, and was made prisoner by the rebels, who hurried him to Libby Prison in Richmond, where he remained for a year, and while there received his regular commission. After much suffering he with several Union prisoners made their escape ; .and, after suffering many privations, safely reached the Union lines. Undeterred by his bitter experience of a soldier's life, he reported to his regiment (the Ninth) in time to take an active part in the engagements at South Mountain and Antietam. He was highly complimented for his bravery in both engagements. He afterwards served on staff duty at the U. S. Arsenal in Philadelphia, rejoining his regiment in May, 1863, in time to par ticipate in the memorable battle of Gettysburg. In September, 1863, he was sent to Morris Island, S. C, and went through the siege of Fort Wagner. After this siege he was ordered North and joined General Siegel's staff, and was appointed Provost Marshal of the mining district in Pennsylvania, then in open revolt against the draft. He was in charge there of a brigade of troops from the THE AMERICAN GUARD. 95 Army of the Potomac, and in two months arrested and sent to Fort Delaware over 180 " incorrigibles." He was then ordered in com mand of a regiment of Yeteran Reserve Corps. He participated in the battle at Fort Stevens against " Early," and in this engage ment lost 56 men of his command. He then proceeded to City Point and joined the Army of the Potomac. He remained with the Army in front of Richmond until its fall ; he was then sent to Philadelphia as ordnance and mustering officer on General Cum- ming's staff. He remained in this position until a year after all the troops were mustered out, and then after two refusals his resig nation was accepted. In January, 1866, young Rockafellar returned to New York, and was soon after made Captain in the Fourth Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., but did not remain long. Being desirous of joining his old command, he was elected Major of the Seventy-first in May, 1866, and in January, 1867, was made Lieut.-Colonel, and on November 15, 1869, he was elected Colonel of the Regiment. During his administration he did much to advance the interests of his command. It was through his efforts that the present armory was obtained. He originated and carried through the handsome full-dress uniform worn by the regiment. He also organized the efficient band and drum corps. He had the regi ment armed in 1870 with the Remington breech-loader on his own responsibility, and for two years this was the only command in the city that had them. Through his exertions also he added 150 new members through the consolidation of the Thirty-seventh. This consolidation he personally engineered, and to him the com mand were indebted.- He also obtained fatigue uniforms from the State, whieh the regiment could not get previous to his assuming command. He succeeded in wiping out the debt of some $13,000, and increasing the strength of the regiment from 250 to 500 men. No man ever held a like position who was more beloved by his men. His old company (F) have reason to feel proud of his record. When at last, through failing health, he was compelled to resign, he parted with his old comrades with many regrets. On the 24th of August he was summoned by the " grim messenger Death," and his name was added to the long " muster roll " of those who have " crossed over the river " to swell the mighty army of patriots who gave their lives in defense of their country. 96 THE AMERICAN GUARD. LIEUT. COL. GEORGE D. WOLCOTT. The reputation which the Seventy-first Regiment has maintained for more than thirty years is due entirely to its wise selection of commanding officers, some ofthe best of whom have risen from the ranks. Lieut. Col. Wolcott is a man who has been thoroughly "tried in the balances and not found wanting." Commencing as a private in the ranks he rose gradually to be second in command in the regiment, and had he remained with it would undoubtedly have been elected to the colonelcy. He was exceedingly popular with the rank and file and had many devoted friends in the regiment. Lieut. Col. Geo. D. Wolcott is a native of New York city where he was born July 9, 1838. After leaving school he followed the sea for a time and acquired a knowledge of navigation which proved of great value to him in after life. He was engaged in business for a time after leaving the sea. His first military experience was as a member of D Company Seventy-first Regiment, which he joined in June 6,1859. He passed through the several degrees of non-commissioned rank, and on Nov. 12, 1863, was promoted from Sergeant to First Lieutenant, and was elected Captain of D Company December 31, 1864. He was elected Major of the regiment April 7, 1868, and Lieut. Colonel Nov. 15, 1869. He was mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment in April, 1861. While stationed at the Navy Yard in Washington, he was detailed for special duty on the U. S. steamers Philadelphia and Baltimore, searching for rebel batteries on the Potomac. He conveyed the gallant Colonel Ellsworth and his Zouave Regiment to Alexandria. After landing he followed Colonel Ellsworth and a squad of men to the hotel. Mr. Wolcott remained below while Colonel Ellsworth ascended the stairs to cut down the rebel flag which Jackson, the proprietor, had raised. After Colonel Ellsworth was shot, Mr. Wolcott assisted in removing the body to the Navy Yard from whence it was subsequently sent North. Mr. Wolcott served throughout the campaign of 1861, participat ing in the battle of Bull Run, and other important events. He was again mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment in 1862, and accompanied it to Tenallytown. He also sei ved through the Pennsylvania campaign of 1863, and subsequently ])articipated in the suppression ofthe New York draft riots. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 97 In 1865 he accompanied the Battalion (composed of Companies B, 0, D and H) on their excursion to Boston. The Battalion was under the command of Capt. Underhill, Mr. Wolcott serving as quartermaster. During the Orange riots of 1871, in the absence of Col. Rockafellar (who was in Europe at the time), Colonel Wolcott took command ofthe regiment, which he handled with great judg ment and skill. During his term of service he was with his regi ment on every important occasion and resigned only when his busi ness duties compelled him to sever his connection. His resigna tion was withheld for some time and he was earnestly solicited to remain ; circumstances, however, much against his own inclination, necessitated his refusal to serve longer. In 1872 Col. Wolcott entered the employ of the Citizens' Steam boat Company as second in command of one of the boats. He was on the ill-fated steamer " Sunnyside" which sunk in the ice in the winter of 1875, opposite Hyde Park. Fourteen of the passengers were drowned. For his distinguished services rendered on that occasion Col. Wolcott was placed in command of the steamer City of Troy, which position he still holds. He is one of the most popu lar and efficient steamboat captains that ever sailed on the Hudson, and enjoys the confidence of the traveling public to a marked degree. In 1864 he married Lizzie daughter of Edwin Coe, Esq., of N ew York, an old veteran of the Seventy-first. He has three daughters. Col. Wolcott is a man of decided convictions, flrm, courageous, and fearless in the discharge of every known duty, a genial com panion, steadfast and unwavering in his friendships. CHAPTER XI. EVENTS FROM 1873 TO 1884.— ELECTION OF LIEUT.-COL. RICHARD VOSE TO THE COLONELCY.-EXCURSION TO NEW HAVEN, JULY 34, 1873.— PRESENTATION TO COL. VOSE.— EXCURSION TO PROV- LDENCB AND ENCAMPMENT AT OAKLAND BEACH.— SERVICES OP THE SEVENTY-FIRST AT THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION AND PARADE, JULY 3, 1876.— VISIT TO THE CENTENNIAL EXHI BITION, PHILADELPHIA.— RAILROAD RIOTS, 1877.— CREEDMOOR RIFLE PRACTICE.— " THE MISSION OP PEACE" TO THE SOUTH, 1881.— SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT NEW ARMORY FAIR.— CAMP INSTRUCTION AT PEEKSKILL, 1883.— CLOSE OF COLONEL VOSE'S ADMINISTRATION.— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH AND PORTRAIT OP COLONEL VOSE. In the summer of 1871 inducements were offered to senior Captain Richard Yose of the 22d Regiment to accept the Lieut.- Colonelcy of the 71st, and in December of that year he signified his acceptance, and was unanimously elected. Tn September, 1872, immediately after the resignation of Colonel Rockafellar, Lieut.- Colonel Yose was elected to the command of the regiment. The press of that date speak of him as '' one of the most capable officers and popular gentlemen that has ever been connected with the militia of New York, a liberal and successful merchant, a patriotic and public spirited citizen, and an active and accomplished soldier." The military family of Colonel Yose was composed of the fol lowing distinguished officers : Lieut. Colonel, Appleton D. Palmer, U. S. A. ; Major, Henry H. Laudon, U. S. A. ; Quartermaster, Chas. A. Hess ; Commissary of Subsistence, Jacob Hess ; Surgeon, John E. Allen, M.D. ; Ass't-Surgeon, Geo. W. Leonard ; Chaplain, Carlos Martyn ; Lnspeetor of Rifie Practice, Edward C. Ripley. During his administration, covering a period of over eleven years, there occurred several events of importance which brought the regiment into prominence and enlarged its sphere of usefulness. Excursions were made to different points, and reciprocal relations established between the 71st and the National Guard of other States, which proved of material advantage to the regiment, and afforded pleasure and recreation to the participants. The first of these was the THE AMERICAN GUARD. 99 Excursion to New Haven, Conn., July 24, 1873. The regiment assembled at the armory on Thursday, July 24, and after regimental line was formed, proceeded to the special steamer, the Continental, at the foot of East Twenty-third street. Fully 400 muskets were in line, and the band and drum corps turned out in unusual force. The command marched down Thirty-fourth street to Fifth avenue, down the avenue to Twenty-third street, thence to the East river, where the steamer awaited them. The marching elicited frequent applause, the company alignments being so per fectly preserved that each looked like a solid wall of men ; their wheelings were made with beautiful precision, and throughout there was exhibited the perfection of militia drill and discipline. The regiment embarked on the steamer at 4 p. m., and arrived at New Haven at 8:30 p. m. They were met by five companies of the 2d Connecticut, and received a most cordial reception. The streets were fairly ablaze with fireworks, and the residences of the citizens were illuminated all along the route. The visitors were halted at the Union Armory, and were formally welcomed by Col. Smith, of the 2d Connecticut, and Mayor Lewis. Colonel Yose responded in his usual eloquent and earnest manner. On Friday, the day following, the 71st, escorted by the officers of the 2d Connecticut, took passage on the steamer J. P. Smith for Savin Rock, where they partook of a monster clam bake. In the evening the band gave a grand concert on the Green. At 2 o'clock p. M^, on the following day, the regiment was escorted to the Green by the 2d Connecticut, where a grand review was held before Governor Ingersoll, Mayor Lewis, Adjutant-General Trowbridge, and other prominent dignitaries. The review was witnessed by an immense number of people, who frequently applauded the excellently executed movements. The regiment returned home at 11 o'clock in the evening, delightfully pleased with the excursion. Colonel Yose was accompanied by the following staff and other officers : Lieut.-Colonel, H. C. Lockwood ; Major, T. L. Raymond ; Quartermaster, R. J. Guibert ; Commissary, J. C. Shade; Adjutant, David Graham ; Chaplain, J. H. Hall; Surgeons, Drs. Bryant and Hunter ; Aides, Captain H.White, Lieut. G. A. Norman, and Major Rodenstein. 100 THE AMERICAN GUARD, Presentation of Horse, Saddle and Equipments. Soon after his election in 1871, Lieut.-CoL Yose was waited upon by a committee representing a few wealthy merchants, and present ed with an elegant set of horse equipments, valued at $500 ; and in 1874 he was presented with a handsome horse by the officers of his command, the following account of which appeared in the New York Times of that date : " On the occasion of the Division parade on the 4th instant. Col. Vose, commanding the 71st Regiment, was presented with a handsome black charger named " (Jeorge Washington," by the officers and members of his command. The horse is a Kentucky thoroughbred animal, coal black, fifteen hands high, and valued at $1,000. Private Fink of Com pany I made the presentation speech, which was responded to with embarrassment by Col. Vose, as the matter had been kept profoundly secret, and no intimation had reached him of the intended presentation. Capt. T. V. Smith of Company I, in this command, with a squad of forty men, was detailed by Gen. Shaler as a guard of honor at the reviewing stand during the Division parade on the 4th instant. The selection was made as a testimonial to Capt. Smith for the excellent discipline maintained by his command at Creedmoor, Long Island, last year, on the occasion of the competition match between the regimental ' teams,' when the Captain was detailed to preserve order on the grounds." Excursion to Providence, R. L, and Encampment at Oakland Beach. On August 24, 1875, the regiment again visited Providence, R. I., and encamped at Oakland Beach, where they spent a week of pleasure and profit. The regiment assembled at the armory at 3:30 p. M., numbering 28 commissioned officers and 371 non-com missioned officers and privates. Field and Staff. — Colonel, Richard Yose ; Lieut.-Col., Wm. H. Chaddock; Major, E. A. McAlpin ; Adjutant, David Graham; Quartermaster, R. J. Guibert ; Acting Commissary, Capt. Girard Betts ; Surgeon, Joseph D. Bryant ; Surgeon 22d N. Y., Dr. Ro denstein ; Ass't Surgeon, Dr. Hunter; Non-oommissioned Staff , 6. Companies. — Co. A, Capt. E. A. Des Marets, 45 muskets; Co. B, Capt. S. D. Curtis, 41 muskets ; Co. C, Capt. Martin L. Yan- dine, 41 muskets ; Co. D, 1st Lieut. J. W. Wilson, 29 muskets ; THE AMERICAN GUARD. 101 Co. E, 1st Lieut. O. C. Hoffman, 26 muskets ; Co. F, Capt. T. B. Smith, 38 muskets; Co. G, Capt. A. L. Webber, 45 muskets; Co. H, Capt. Amos L. See, 36 muskets ; Co. I, Capt. A. W. Belknap, 32 muskets ; Co. K, Capt. Robert S. Orsor, 32 muskets. In addi tion to these were Eben's band of 40 pieces, and drum corps, 20 pieces — making a total of 460. The regiment embarked on board the steamer Stonington, ar riving at Stonington, Conn., at 2:30 A. m., and took the 5:30 train for Providence, where they arrived at 8:30, and were met by the United Train of Artillery and a large procession made up of police and other military organizations. They were escorted to Howard Hall, where they were received with an address of welcome by Ad jutant-General of the State Heber Le Favour. After partaking of a collation, they were escorted to the steamer Josephine and em barked for Oakland Beach. At the latter place they were received by Gen. A. E. Burnside, who made a pleasing address, referring to the gallant deeds of the 7lst in 1861, and welcoming the regiment to the shores of Rhode Island. Col. Yose repHed in a very happy manner, thanking the General for his kindness and assuring him of the good feeling toward him by the 71st. The regiment soon after went into camp, named " Camp Lip pitt," in honor of Gov. Lippitt. The guard for the day was detailed, the regiment assigned to their quarters, and the strictest military discipline observed to the most minute details. The duties of each day were varied according to circumstances. Soon after their arrival news was received of the death of Col. Harry Rockafellar, the former commander of the 71st. The flags were immediately placed at half mast and the usual signs of mourning observed. The flrst day in camp proved rather wearisome, but by Wednesday the men had become accustomed to camp life and everything worked smoothly. A number of specta tors visited the camp and witnessed the interesting exercises. Ad jutant-General Le Favour, Brigadier-General Miller, Gen. Chace, Gen. Steere, Gen. Hazard, Gen. Shaw, and other distinguished guests visited the headquarters and were hospitably entertained by Col. Yose. A friendly challenge frora the rifle team of Prescott Post, G. A. R., to the rifle team of the 71st, was accepted by the latter, and Saturday the 30th was set down for the friendly contest. Each team consisted of eight men carefully selected. The distance was 102 THE AMERICAN GUARD. I two hundred yards. The total score of Prescott Post Rifle Team was 80 ; that of the 71st was 123. The highest score of the Pres cott Post team was 15, by O. F. Gifford ; the highest of the 7lst team 19, made by 0. C. Hoffman, Lieut, of G Company. . Divine service was observed on Sunday, and a sermon preached by Rev. Mr. Bainbridge suitable to the occasion. The sermon was listened to with marked attention, and at its close the audience joined in singing, and the band rendered some fine musical selec tions of a sacred character. The following day the regiment broke camp and started for home. The Providence Press alluded to the regiment in the following complimentary terms : " The 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., which is now in camp at Oakland Beach, has, taken all in all, the best war record of any militia regiment in the State of New York. Though only half as old as the famous 7th, it has enjoyed an honor denied to the latter, that of campaign service in the presence of the ene my, and of a- battle record written in the blood of its members, killed under the flag of their regiment. While the 7th numbers many more persons of wealth in its ranks, and has, consequently, been able to attract a larger share of public notice to its actions of late years, the 71st, in its more modest way, has been rapidly re cruiting to its old standard, and promises within a few years to equal, if not eclipse, its more noted rival in numbers and perfection of drill, the strongest points of the great 7th." Centennial Celebration and Parade in New York, July 3d, 1876. The one hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Indepen dence was celebrated in New York city on the evening of July 3d, 1876, by a grand military parade and fireworks. The military were to assemble at Union Square at a certain hour. General Shaler, an ticipating trouble in keeping the square clear from the immense crowd that would gather there, requested Col. Yose, with the 71st Regiment, to assume the entire charge of that duty. It was a dif ficult undertaking, and Gen. Shaler, in selecting the 71st to per form that duty, paid them a high compliment. In addition to the members of his own regiment, 300 policemen were placed at the disposal of Col. Yose. The New York Times, in its account of the affair, paid a high compliment to the regiment : THE AMERICAN GUARD. IOS All Honor to the Seventy first. To the 71st Regiment of infantry, N. G. S. N. Y., under command of Col. Richard Vose, was assigned the arduous task of preserving an open space for the passage of the procession through the southern portion of Union Square on the night of the 3d. Upon the arrival of the regiment, which turned out about 500 strong, at 8:30 o'clock, it was found that a large crowd had already assembled. Col. Vose at once proceeded to clear the necessary space, and placed a line of men in position, extending from I6th street on one side to the same street on the other. Col. Vose then took charge ofthe centre of that line, placing Lieut.-Col. Chaddock in com mand of the rear. On the east and west sides, although the crowd was very dense, the troops succeeded in persuading the people to fall back with comparatively little trouble, but on the southern side the object was ac complished with great difficulty. The first three lines of spectators were composed principally of women and children, and behind these was a dense mass of roughs who took advantage of this circumstance to hold their ground. The troops were thus placed in a position of great delicacy. Their orders to clear the ground were imperative, but when they attempted to press back the line, the roughs pushed the women and children frora behind, and for a long time succeeded in rendering their efforts futile. At last Col. Vose ordered his men to place their muskets horizontally before them, and to press forward in line, thus endeavoring to press the crowd back by main force. From time to time squads of the women and chil dren, who had become frightened and were unable to resist the pressure of the roughs, were taken into the open space in the rear of the line of troops and escorted to the east and west sides of the Square. At last the efforts of the soldiery prevailed, and the requisite room was secured. During the whole time, although the roughs were very abusive and loud in their threats, the men of the command kept their temper, and not a single act of violence was committed. Not so on the other side, however, for two of the soldiers were severely cut in the face by the roughs. In one in stance the man was identified and taken into custody. The park police stationed in the same portion of the Square were singularly inefficient, only bestirring themselves to keep order when forced to do so by the offi cers ofthe National Guard. The 7Ist was on duty from 8:30 until 1 a.m., and at the close of the exercises in the Square, marched back to their armory, many of them being completely exhausted. YisiT OF THE Regiment to the Centennial Exhibition in 1876. During the summer of 1876 the regiment visited the Exhibition at Philadelphia, where they were received and hospitably enter- 104 THE AMERICAN GUARD. tained by the 2d Regiment of that city. The following account of the affair is taken from one of the Philadelphia papers of that date : The Reception, etc., of the Sevbntv-first New York. The event of the week was the reception and entertainment of the "American Guard" by the 2d Regiment. The visitors arrived in our city at noon on Monday, and after disembarking from the cars proceeded to the Atlas Hotel, the Philadelphia headquarters of the command. The regiment, or rather the battalion, as only five companies participated in the excursion, was commanded by Col. Yose, and was accompanied by its excellent band and drum corps, aggregating in the whole about 250 officers and men. The command, after arriving at the hotel, were dismissed till 3 o'clock, when the " assembly " was beaten and the battalion marched to the eastern terminus of the Chestnut street bridge, being met there by a battalion of the 2d under command of Capt. Donnelly. The visitors pa raded in fatigue coat (blue) and white pants, the companies presenting a front of 16 files each. The 2d, in full dress uniform, paraded as three companies of 18 files each. Arriving at the bridge the usual courtesies were exchanged, and in the following order the march through Philadelphia Was taken up : 2d Regiment drum corps, battalion of the 2d Regiment, 71st Regiment band and drum corps and battalion of the command. The march was down Chestnut street to Fourth, to Walnut, to Fifth, to Mar ket, to Eighth, to Race, thence to armory. Along the entire route the two commands were greeted with cheers and encores and other manifestations of gratification and encouragement. The marching of the two bodies was excellent and called forth many complimentary remarks. Arriving at the armory, arms were stacked and the visitors escorted to the main hall, where an excellent banquet was spread for the benefit of the American Guard. The men being seated, ex-Lieut.-Col. Neff (the commandant and field of the regiment being absent) warmly welcomed the 7Ist to the armory of the 2d, and expressed the hope that the visitors would enjoy a pleasant sojourn in the Centennial city. Col. Vose, in a most eloquent speech, responded, and heartily thanked the 2d for the handsome escort and the kindness extended the detachment. The viands were then attacked, the members of the 2d giving their guests every attention, the band during the interval performing a number of beautiful airs and selections. Col. Vose, after the collation, in formed the men that they were dismissed till 9 o'clock, when the assembly would be beaten and the battalion marched back to the Atlas. The men were then individually entertained by the regiment and men of the 2d, many of the 71st visiting the houses of Truck B and Engine No. 8, P. F. D., and the headquarters of Company I, where entertainments were im provised for them. At 9 o'clock the command emerged from the armory, THE AMERICAN GUARD. 105 preceded by the Mutual Cornet Band and a large detachment of the 2d, and were escorted to Eighth and Market streets, where cars were taken for West Philadelphia. As the 2d and its guests passed over the route, cheers were given the guardsmen from every quarter, and the applause ex ceeded anything we ever witnessed. En route to the cars, Independence Hall was visited, the sacred edifice having been illuminated in honor of the New Yorkers; by Capt. Donnelly ofthe 3d Rei^iment. A brief halt was given the men to inspect the relics and curiosities, when the line of march was again taken up, reaching the horse cars at JO o'clock. The men being " all aboard," the command was given, " forward," and to the Atlas the men were driven. Cheers and rockets were, however, exchanged by the '' blue and gray," as the Empire boys left Eighth street. Tuesday the visitors made a tour of the Exposition, meeting on the grounds the officers and members of the 2d, who entertained their guests at Lauber's and other restaurants. A feature of the Exhibition visit was a series of entertainments by Mr. J. F. Haffley, of the Orion club, at his cafe, near the glass works, CoL Hess, at his California Pavilion, and Mr, Lauer, the Reading brewer, at Brewer's Hall. In the evening the 7Ist had dress parade and guard mount, and 'tis unnecessary to add that the cere monies were handsomely performed. After the parade, etc., supper was partaken of, after which the officers and men visited Operti's Tropical Gar den, where they were welcomed by Mr. Hamilton Disston. From the Garden cars were taken to the city, and the Chestnut and American Thea tres and the Washington Garden were visited. Wednesday was devoted to sight-seeing in the city and Centennial grounds. At 6 o'clock p. m. dress parade and guard mount was again in dulged in, after which, under escort of a detachment of the 2d, the 71st were marched to the depot of the P. C. R. R. Co., opposite the Exposition, a,nd a special taken for home. The entertainment ofthe visitors was most complete in every particu lar, and we congratulate Captains Donnelly, Smith and Sauter, who were largely interested in perfecting and carrying out the programme, on the entire success of the reception of the 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y. Every company ofthe regiment (2d) was represented on parade, &c., and in no sense was the entertainment a company affair. To those who did assist we heartily congratulate them on the very happy results, and the lively interest they manifested in the time-honored and proverbial reputa tion of the regiment — hospitality to brother soldiers! The American Guard, by their gentlemanly deportment, won golden opinions in the Quaker city, and left our village with many regrets and God speed ! 106 THE AMERICAN GUARD. The Railroad Riots, July, 1877. In the summer of 1877 a general strike of the employees on the several railroads running through New York, Pennsylvania and Maryland, resulted in riotous demonstrations necessitating the calling out of the militia in these several States. The Adjutant- General of New York State, in his annual report, says : " The receiver of the Erie Railway having applied to your Ex cellency for the aid of the State to protect its property, which was endangered by a threatened strike of its employees, in compliance with your directions, I telegraphed, in the evening of Thursday, June 28th, to Brigadier-General William F. Rogers, at Buffalo, to have the 74th Regiment assembled immediately, and held in readi ness to move at a moment's notice. " Before the lapse of many weeks the necessity of ordering into active service the whole force of the National Guard oc curred. " A strike of the employees of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in West Yirginia, and also those of the Pennsylvania Central Rail road in the western part of Pennsylvania on the 19th of July, em boldened those of the Erie Railway to renew their riotous proceed ings on Friday, July 20tli. " On Tuesday, the 24th, owing to the threatening condition of things at Albany and Buffalo, the 9th Regiment was ordered to the former place, and the 8th Regiment and 49th Regiment to the latter. * * * " On Friday evening, July 27th, an order was issued dis missing most of the troops, their services being no longer re quired." During this period the 7lst remained on duty at their armory for about a week, ready to proceed at a moment's notice to any point. The men were very anxious to be ordered out of town to the threatened points of attack, but New York city has a special claim on this regiment, and the Commanding General would not permit their departure while there was danger nearer home. Creedmoor Rifle Practice. The improvement in the rifie practice of the National Guard has been very marked during the past ten years and the selec- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 107 tion of a site at Creedmoor, L. I., where regiments and compa nies could meet for annual practice, has done much to stimulate efforts in this direction. George W. Wingate, General Inspector of Rifle Practice, in his report for 1877, says of this place : " Creedmoor, the range used by the First and Second Divisions (comprising about half the military forces of the State) is situated on Long Island, twelve miles from Hunters Point. It is a per fectly level plain of eighty acres, has thirty targets, besides a ' Running Deer,' and is considered one of the best equipped and handsomest ranges in the world. By a contract entered into between the Adjutant-General and the National Rifle Associa tion (who own it) the National Guard are allowed the use of twenty targets, and markers on three days in each week from April to November 1st, for which the State pays $4,500 per year. " The targets are in two lines, placed in echelon. The main line of twenty targets is 150 yards in the rear of the other, which contains ten targets, so that firing may proceed at different distances at the same time. " Marksman's Badges. — The medal adopted last year for the Mai'ksmarC s Badge has been found a marked improvement over the former badge (crossed rifles worn upon the left fore-arm), and its issue has proved to be a wise step on the part of the State. " The rules in regard to this badge are strict. No one is al lowed to wear it unless he qualifles as a marksman every year, and an extra bar is added for each annual qualification. It is worn alike by all ranks, and is presented to those winning it in front of their respective regiments. The name and score of each marks man is annually published in orders from General Headquarters, and every endeavor made to have it regarded as an honorable dis tinction. " For the purpose of securing a method of comparison in regard to the shooting of the different organizations, a calculation is annually made known as their figure of merit. This is obtained by adding together the average points made in the third class (which gives the average skill of the entire rank and file), the percentage of marksman (which gives the proportion of skilled shots), and the excess which the percentage of first class shots may bear to that of 108 THE AMERICAN GUARD. the third class (which shows the extent to which the regiment has carried its improvement)." In 1876, out of 38 competing regiments, battalions and separate companies for the " Figure of Merit," the 71st stood first on the list, the score being 85.62. The 7th stood 50.70. The First Sep arate Company, 2d Division, stood 58.52. The lowest score made was 17.70. Division Matches. — The First Division match was shot at Creedmoor, on September Ilth, 1877, by teams of twelve from each regiment, at 200 and 500 yards, five shots at each distance. The following is a summary of the score (highest possible score 300 each distance) : 200 YDS. 500 yds. Total. Seventy-first 221 207 428 Eighth 222 173 395 Ninth 200 191 391 Seventh 224 166 390 Twelfth 222 165 387 Sixty-ninth 195 122 317 Some of the competing regiments during the summer behaved in a disgraceful manner. Many of the men got so drunk as to be unable to fire at the 500 range at all. When the 71st went to Creedmoor, Col. Yose's first step was to drive certain lager beer peddlers off' the ground, and thus prevent the possibility of such scenes as had been enacted. Col. Richard Yose, of the 71st regiment invented a tripod for the use of novices in rifie practice, to be used in aiming drill, as required in Wingate's manual for rifle practice. The instrument is ¦similar to that used by surveyors. It is provided with a vertical sliding tube, which is adjusted by means of a screw and hand wheel to any height required. A ball and socket is inserted in the tube, with a small vise at the upper end. The vise secures the musket, but by means of a spring the weapon may be turned in any direc tion. To the lower end of the tube is fastened a clamp and short lever, projecting to the left of the marksman. A leather strap, terminating in a stirrip, is attached to the lever. The marksman, after adjusting the rifle to suit his height, by means of the hand- wheel, places his foot in the stirrup, and, pressing down, releases the rifle, while he aims at a given object. Upon obtaining the proper aim he removes his foot from the stirrup, and the weapon is THE AMERICAN GUARD. 109 instantly secured. The instructor then examines the sight, aim and position of the musket, and offers such suggestions as he deems proper. The invention is a vast improvement over the old system of using a sand bag. The sliding tube admits of its use by a man only five feet in height as readily as by a man over six feet tall. This device has since been adopted by the State. A similar device is used in the U. S. Army, which appropriated (through an army officer) a portion of Col. Yose's invention without giving hirn credit for it. " THE MISSION OF PEACE." Probably no event in the history of the Seventy-first Regiment, ever awakened a more widespread interest, or was fraught with greater results, than the visit of the regiment to New Orleans in 1881. It was an event of National importance, and did more to bring about an era of good feeling between the North and South than any event which has transpired since the war. Nearly sixteen years had passed since Lee surrendered at Appo mattox, and the "war of words" between the sections was still kept up ; the smouldering embers of bitterness and hatred were being constantly fanned into a fiame by designing politicians. Quietly, without ostentation or display, the Seventy-first Regi ment, which had been among the first to volunteer in defense of the Union, resolved to take the Olive Branch of Peace and offer it to their brethren of the South. Like Abraham of old, they stretched out the hand of reconciliation to the South, and said " Let there be no strife between me and thee for we be brethren." The matter was discussed among the members for some weeks previous to its final departure and finally a mass meeting was called for members of the regiment to meet at the armory in citizens dress. The proposition was then made by Col. Yose that the regi ment visit New Orleans in response to informal invitations that had been received by members from time to time. Col. Yose in vited all who could to participate in the proposed excursion. Some 200 or more responded, including a few of the old Yeterans. Preparations were made at once, and on Thursday morning, February 24, the regiment assembled in its armory, at 8 o'clock, and at 9 the march down Broadway was began in the face of a keen wind that cut like a knife. The programme included a review by the Mayor at the City Hall, and the City Hall flags were flying in 110 THE AMERICAN GUARD. honor of the expected event, but the march down town took longer than was expected, so the regiment pushed on down Broadway, and thence to the foot of Liberty street, where a large crowd had as sembled to witness the departure of the Battalion, which was accom panied by the remainder of the regiment, including those who did not take part in the excursion. The officers who accompanied the party were Colonel Richard Yose, Major E. A. McAlpin, Adjt. F. H. Jordan, Quartermaster O. C. Hoffman, Surgeon J. D. Bryant, the Rev. Carlos Martyn, Chaplain, Capt. Jacob Hess, Commissary, Capt. A. W. Belknap, First Company ; Capt. S. G. Blakley, Second Company ; Capt. J. F. Cowan, Third Company, and Capt. S. F. Taylor, Fourth Com pany. There were also 11 non-commissioned officers and 100 privates. Four members of the Yeteran Association accompanied the regiment, and were placed on the staff of Colonel Yose. As soon as the train at Jersey City moved out of the depot, the news was flashed over the wires, and all along the route preparar tions were made to receive them. Twenty years previous, as they crossed the border, the South was to " welcome them with bloody hands to hospitable gra/ues'' Now again, as in ante bellum days, the South was to welcome these representatives of the North to their homes and firesides with true Southern hospitality. Nothing of importance occurred until the train reached Holly Springs, Miss. There they were met by Major-General W. S. Featherstone, who, during the war, commanded a Division in the Confederate Army. General Featherstone stood with his head un covered, his long white locks flowing, erect and soldierly in appear ance, a true representative of the Southern chivalry. He met Colonel Yose with a hearty grasp of the hand, and said : I welcome you across our border. There was a time when your coming would have occasioned a feeling of fear and distrust; that was in the bitter past. Thank God, it has passed. The North and South never understood one another; never had a grand convocation until 1861, when the country was in arms from the Atlantic to the Rio Grande. Thank God, those days are gone. We welcome you here. We want you to see our people and our fertile soil. All we need now is capital. Your coming will do much to make us acquainted. You will find us of the South as loyal to our country's flag as you are. When the time comes for our great country to have a foreign war, and we can never have any other, we will march with you against our common enemy. The Seventy-first THE AMERICAN GUARD. Ill New York will march side by side with the Seventy-first Mississippi, under the same officers, and the same flag, for our cause and our country are one. Colonel Yose responded in a few earnest words, thanking the General for the sentiments uttered, and assuring him that should they ever be called on to meet a common foe the soldiers of New York would march shoulder to shoulder with those of Mississippi to victory. The old "war yell" was given with a vim, and amid prolonged cheers, while the band struck up Dixie and Yankee Doodle, and as the train moved out the bands of both commands played "Auld Lang Syne." The men were soon after reminded by the flashes of lightning and loud peals of thunder, that they were entering a warmer atmosphere, where warm hearts and bright smiles were awaiting them. When they reached New Orleans the thermometer stood 78 degrees in the shade. They alighted in heavy marching order, viz., overcoats, knapsacks and blankets. They were received by an escort consisting of the Battalion of Louisiana Field Artillery, Colonel Le Gardeur, commanding ; the Yeteran Company of the Washington Artillery, Capt. C. L. C. Du puy ; the Battalion of Washington Artillery, Colonel Horton ; the Continental Guards, and the Boston Lancers. The Seventy-first was escorted to the Arsenal of the Washing ton Artillery, where a refreshing beverage had been prepared, to cool their parched lips. The regiment was soon after quartered on the steamer Robert E. Lee, where abundant accommodations had been provided. On Monday following the arrival of the Seventy-first, com menced the ceremonies of receiving with distinguished honors. His Majesty Rex, and the carnival was fairly opened. Everything was conducted with royal splendor. The Mayor, on bended knee, presented the golden keys of the city, resting on cushions of purple velvet. Amid the roar of can non and the beating of drums, the King was escorted to the Opera House. The Seventy-first Battalion line was formed at 1 o'clock, under command of Major McAlpin. The men and officers were in full- dress uniform, with white trousers. They had a long and fatiguing march as the escort to Rex, King of the Carnival. Col. Yose, at the request of Gen. Behan, commanded the First Division. It in cluded a Battalion of the United States Marines ; the Seventy-first 112 THE AMERICAN GUAED. Regiment's Company B, Seventy-fourth Regiment, Buffalo ; Com pany A, Cadets, Mississippi; the Continental Guards, and Com pany A, Second Battalion, Cavalry, Massachusetts National Guard. At 6.45 o'clock the command drew up in line in the street adjoin ing the Grand Opera House, and Col. Vose dismissed the com mand and entered the Opera House at the head of his regiment. The front seats in the dress-circle were assigned to the companies, and Col. Yose, Major McAlpin, and the staff officers were invited to seats on the stage. The regimental band, which was stationed in the gallery, played a medley of national airs, including " Dixie " and " Yankee Doo dle," after which Mr. Albert Baldwin, as Duke Albertas, of Massa- soit, delivered an address of welcome to the King. The King, in the court costume of the late Napoleon, reclined on a throne sur rounded by his subjects, and a calcium light threw a dazzling light on his jewels. At the close of the address Mr. George H. Braughn, as the Lord High Chamberlain, responded for the King. Lord Thomas Semmes, as the Duke of Chesapeake, next stepped for ward, followed by an attendant who carried a handsome standard. It represented the royal colors — the purple, yellow, and green — upon which was wrought a gold crown. The staff to which it was attached was surmounted by a silver ball, and the whole affair cost In presenting the banner, the Duke of Chesapeake spoke as follows : Soldiers of the 71st Regiment : In obedience to the command of my most puissant king, I am here to declare his pleasure. Appreciating the fact that youhave come from the distant northern metropolis to unite with thousands in doing him honor and acknowledging his sovereignty, my king has been pleased, as a mark of special favor and esteem, to present to you his royal colors — the imperial purple, the cloth of gold, the unfading green — emblematic of his rank, his power, and his everlasting reign. This spec tacle has no equal in the annals of America ; indeed, no troops have been thus honored by my august master. You, soldiers of the 71st Regiment, receive the standard from a king whose illustrious descent can be traced through a long line of ancestors until it reaches the Tarquinian kings, and there fades away in the dim twilight of the Roman Saturnalia. The reign of this king has not been interrupted by the rise or fall of nations, empires, or peoples. Wars, revolutions, intestine conflicts, have unseated the deified Caesars, dethroned the descendants of Charlemagne, discrowned kings and THE AMERICAN GUARD. 113 emperors and overturned republics ; but the sway of the King of the Car nival over his happy subjects has received no check, for his reign is based on the ceaseless aspirations ofthe human heart for human love and happi ness. The King of the Carnival is the king of humanity. This banner, therefore, is given you as a souvenir exclusively devoted to pleasure ; it is no battle flag ; its use is to be confined to the promotion of the happiness of man ; it is not destined to the tatters of victory or of glory ; it is not to be stained with the blood of men or the tears of women and children ; it is emblematic of peace and good will, and, therefore, it is to be unfurled only to receive the pure, gentle, peaceful, perfumed breezes like those which in Paradise — " O'er the four rivers the first waters blew." That this fiag will ever be devoted to peaceful uses is evinced by the in terchange of hospitalities between those heretofore engaged in deadly con flict ; by the reverence expressed for the illustrious dead, and the respect paid the distinguished living, regardless of political opinions ; by the natural yearning for more intimate intercourse, whieh the great city of New York is so actively engaged in satisfying ; by the unexpected display of resources and wealth producing energy in the Southern States attested by the census reports and by the marvelous manifestation of the happy condition of the colored people of the South, which their extraordinary in crease proclaims in terms not to be contradicted. Long ago the steel rail connecting North and South has ceased to be a military road for the transportation of troops, and the telegraphic wire to be organ for the transmission of hostile commands ; the rail is to us now only a ribbon of steel, along which flow the electric cur rent of friendship for those who, we believe, we have learned to know and esteem. Bear, then, this banner home, and tell your people that it is the em blem of peace and good will, and with it the King ofthe Carnival has sent his royal command that hereafter all the citizens of this great nation shall be united and constitute one family, bound together by the indissoluble ties of friendship and patriotism. This was a trying moment to Colonel Yose, as it was utterly un expected ; but he was equal to the occasion. He took the standard and held it for a moment, while a deathlike stillness reigned throughout the house. He then responded in a most beautiful and touching manner, referring to the fratricidal strife in which the North and South had been engaged. After a long struggle the South was conquered and the Union restored ; but designing poli ticians sought to keep alive the smoldering embers of hatred and 8 114 THE AMERICAN GUARD. revenge. The people wanted peace ; they wanted a union of hearts as well as a union of States ; and the 71st Regiment, which had been among the first to take up arms against their brethren of the South, had now come with the olive branch of peace. During Col. Yose's speech the audience was deeply affected ; stifled sobs were heard in different parts of the house ; strong men and gentle women were affected to tears, and when he ceased speaking the audience arose en masse and greeted him with a hearty outburst of applause. The scene was an impressive one, not soon to be forgotten. While Rex held a reception. Col. Yose, at the request of Judge Braun, the Lord High Chamberlain, stepped down among the audi ence, and choosipg a lady partner, followed the citizens before then- king to do homage to their sovereign. Col. Yose was entertained at dinner in the evening by Rex, and the hospitalities of the city were freely extended to the soldiers of the 71st. Nothing was wanting to make their stay pleasant and agreeable. All classes of citizens united in doing them honor. The doors of all the theatres and clubs were thrown open and the most exclusive families of Louisiana entertained them at their houses. On Thursday morning following these festivities, there took place at Greenwood Cemetery one of those impressive and affecting ceremonies which, while calling up the saddest memories of the past, arouses in the breast of all the spirit of charity, humanity and fraternity, and banishes all lingering traces of the bitterness of the fearful bygone days. At 10:30 o'clock a. m., the 71st New York Regiment took a special train of the Lake Railroad, kindly placed at their disposal by Superintendent Evans, and proceeded to Greenwood Cemetery, in front of which they disembarked. They formed in line, with a firing party in the lead, and, while the mournful strains of a low sad march wailed out upon the morning air and stole heaven ward, they entered the city of the resting multitude, and slowly marched to the monument erected to the Confederate dead. Once around the monument they moved, and then came to a halt and formed in line in front of it, and presented arms silently and with bowed heads. Rev. Carlos Martyn, D. D., chaplain of the 71st, then took a position between the monument and the troops, and spoke as follows : A famous German theologian once said : " Thank God for sin." Not THE AMERICAN GUARD. 115 that there is anything in sin itself to be thankful for, but, under Provi dence, it is the occasion for a display of the divine character which would have been impossible without it, because unnecessary. In the same sense we may exclaim. Thank God for the war ! War, in itself, is infernal, but out of it the two once hostile sections of our common country have brought a truer brotherhood. Twenty years ago the North and the South fatally misunderstood each other. The North pictured the South as a modern edition of Bombastes Furioso. The South viewed the North as a Connecticut peddler. The North believed the South wouldn't fight ; the South thought the North couldn't. Well, the battle-flags were unfurled. The guns were loaded. The thunder of cannon shook the continent. The world looked on aghast. In the smoke of a hundred battle-fields the old misconceptions disappeared forever. It was discovered that the spirit of '76, the spirit of Sumter and Marion, of Schuyler and Greene, animated their descendants. Federal and Confederate, the blue and the grey, were awed into a wholesome re spect each for the other's heroism and self sacrifice. The old Romans grouped the gods of their various principalities incor porated in the empire in their Pantheon. Each had his niche. In the Pantheon of American patriotism and honor the future shall set Grant and Lee, Jackson and Sherman ; while the shadowy throng, gallant as the English Sidney, chivalric as the French Bayard, who poured out life — on the one side for the nation, on the other for the Lost Cause — open their lips of dust to sing the angelic overture, " Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men," As significant of that perfect union — nay, as a help towards its inau guration — we ofthe 71st Regiment ofthe National Guard of the State of New York lay our garland of everlasting at the base of themonucnentand and reverently salute these graves. Over the chasm, filled with blood, filled with tears, filled with broken hearts and shattered hopes, we extend the hand of national fraternity, and lock loving palms with our brothers of the South in eternal friendship. When the reverend gentleman commenced speaking, the troops uncovered, and thus remained until he had concluded. When he had finished three volleys were fired over the mound on which the monument rests, and then once more sad and sol emn music echoed among the tombs, and died away beneath the weeping willows hovering over them, and the command, with slow and measured step, moved out of the cemetery. The services were witnessed by quite a number of the citizens of New Orleans, including many ladies. 116 THE AMERICAN GUARD. In the afternoon a reception and promenade concert took place on board the Robert E. Lee. The spacious cabins were crowded with the beauties of New Orleans and other southern cities, and the utmost cordiality prevailed. On the following morning the regiment took their departure for home, satisfied that their " mission of peace " had been ac complished. Some time after their return, the following copy of a Pre amble and Resolutions were received by the regiment from the organization under whose auspices the carnival ceremonies were held: School op Design, ) New Orleans, April 4th, 1881. j At the annual meeting held this evening the following preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted : Whereas, The visit ofa detachment fi-om the 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., on the occasion ofthe late Carnival celebration, added so much to the displays organized by this body ; and Whereas, Our visitors proved themselves clever gentlemen, as well as tried and gallant soldiers ; and Whereas, Their coming has strengthened the ties of sympathy and affec tion between the people of New York and New Orleans ; therefore, be it Resolved, That the thanks of this body are due and hereby extended to the officers and men of the 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., for the friendly visit they paid New Orleans, and for their gallant bearing while in our city ; Resolved, That the visiting detachment was composed of gentlemen, whom as soldiers or as individuals any community would delight to honor, and with whom the people of New Orleans were compelled to part too soon ; Resolved, further, That it is the desire of the Rex organization to have the entire 71st in New Orleans at some future day, and we promise them, if they come, a truly royal reception ; Resolved, further. That these resolutions be spread upon the minutes, and that a copy of same be forwarded to the 71st Regiment. A. BALDWIN, President. G. H. BRAYTON, Secretary. In addition to this, the following personal communication, accompanied by interesting war souvenirs, were received by Col. Yose : THE AMERICAN GUARD. 117 . New Orleans, March 2, 1881. Col. Richard Vose, list Reg't, N. G. S. N Y. Dear Sir : As an additional souvenir of our happy meeting at Hammond Station, where our Company of old veterans had the extreme pleasure and honor to be the first to welcome your gallant command on the soil of Louisiana, by the booming of cannons and heartfelt greetings, and your fraternal mis sion to the Queen City of the South, to extend the hand of brotherly love, as it should be, among the reunited people of our common country, I take the liberty of presenting you a copy — the last one I have — of " The Lone Star Flag," a relic of the past. The same was written upon the capture ofthe Harriet Lane in Galveston harbor, and the taking of Galveston, and was printed in New Orleans instead of Richmond as printed, and accredited to my brother, who was then in Virginia, to cover myself from Ben. But ler. I send you also a card with a pelican, and a N. Y. button as evidence ofthe change there is in the hearts of our people; ofthe mutual love and unity now existing between those who once met on the field of carnage. 1 remain, dear sir. Yours fraternally, CHAS. E. CAYLAT, Veteran Co. Washington Artillery. The following letter was received by Col. Yose from Col. Wal ton, commanding Battalion Washington Artillery, conveying copy of Preamble and Resolutions passed by that body relative to the visit of the 71st to New Orleans : Headquarters Battalion Washington Artillery, ) New Orleans, March 29, 1881. ) Colonel : I have the pleasure to advise you that by direction of the Battalion Washington Artillery, I shall send to your address to-morrow a copy of the preamble and resolutions unanimously adopted by the Battalion, giv ing expression to their gratification and satisfaction resulting from the visit Of the representatives of your regiment to this city during the festival season just passed. The distinct expression of the sentihients of the Battalioii as con veyed in the resolutions, I beg to assure you, are as sincere as they are pronounced. I have the honor to be Most respectfully, J. B. WALTON, Honorary Colonel B. W. A., Chairman. Col. Richard Vose, list N. G. S. N. Y. 118 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Col. Yose responded as follows : Headquarters Seventy first Infantry, ) New York, April 9, 1881. j Colonel J. B. Walton, Honorary Colonel Battalion Washington Artillery, Chairman, New Orleans, La. My Dear Colonel : Your valued favor came duly to hand, but owing to my absence from the city the acknowledgment has been delayed. The resolutions came also, for which I tender, on behalf of my com mand, most sincere thanks. The proper reply will be sent you at a later date. Meanwhile, permit me to say that the sentiments expressed find a true echo in the breasts of the men who were with me when among your noble-hearted people. The remembrance of that visit and the fruits it will bear, is the daily theme with us all ; and may an Almighty Provi dence look with the greatest favor upon those of us all, both of the North and South, who so willingly forget and forgive. May your future be a succession of happiness and prosperity. With great respect. Yours most truly, RICHARD YOSE, Colonel Commanding the list Reg't, N. G. S. N. Y. Yisrr OF the Continental Guards of New Orleans to New York. In the Summer of 1883 the Continental Guards of New Or leans visited the North, giving exhibitions in drill at different places for the purpose of raising money to build an armory. Col. Yose, of the 71st, was apprised of their coming, but being absent with his command at Peekskill, he requested the commanding offi cer of the Continental Guards to notify him when they would probably arrive in New York, in order that the 71st might meet them and extend to them due military honors. The commander of the Continental Guards failed to notify Col. Yose, as agreed, and the failure of the 71st to receive them was severely criticised by the press. Col. Yose afterwards called upon Capt. Thiel, commanding the Continental Guards, and reminded him of his promise to send due notice. The matter was satisfactorily explained, and the mis take duly acknowledged by Capt. Thiel. ARTOTVPE. E. BIERSTADT, I ? the american guard. 119 Close of Colonel Yose's Adjministration. For several years Col. Yose had devoted time, labor and money to keep the regiment up to its proper standard, and up to a short time previous to his resignation had been eminently successful, but no business man can continue to give the requisite attention to regi mental matters without neglecting his business. During the latter part of his administration Col. Yose was compelled to devote more time and attention to the management of his business affairs, which had been annually increasing, and, while conscious of that lack of harmony and cordial support that he had formerly received from his military associates, he was loth to sever those ties which had bound him so many years to the 71st Regiment. After mature deliberation, however. Col. Yose concluded to withdraw from ac tive service, and, at his own request, was placed on the supernu merary list. He parted with the warmest assurances of his brother officers of their continued friendship, and best wishes for his future happiness and prosperity. The history of the regiment during the eleven years of his ad ministration contains the best eulogy that could be written of his distinguished services. COLONEL RICHARD YOSE. The ancestors of Colonel Yose were of English origin. His great-grandfather, Captain James Yose of the British Navy, mar ried Mrs. John Walker, nee Francis Barrow, a cousin of Lord Lee (or Leigh). The latter having died a bachelor, leaving no male heirs to the title and estate. Miss Barrow, being next of kin, acquired both by inheritance. Under the laws of primogeniture the succession passed to the eldest son, and Colonel Yose being the last male heir in the succession the title and property rightly be longs to him. Recent investigations by Col. Vose, through a rela tive living in England, has developed the fact that the large estate of Lord Lee are occupied by parties who have no legal claim, and, while Col. Yose is too thoroughly democratic in his views to accept the title of an English Lord, he will take steps to establish his legal claim. The Captain James Yose referred to, commanded a British frigate during the war of the Revolution, and a shot from his vessel 120 THE AMERICAN GUARD. during the bombardment of New York, set fire to Trinity Church. He afterwards became a resident of this country, and at his death his remains were buried in Trinity Church Yard. James H. Yose, the father of Col. Richard Yose was a lawyer of some prominence, and was associated with Roderick N. Morrison, noted as a criminal lawyer of New York. His mother was the daughter of Robert S. Newby, who came to this country with the Marquis de Lafayette in 1820, and between whom and Gen. Lafayette there existed a strong friendship, and this circumstance led to the appointment of Mr. Newby to a position in the New York Custom House, which he held during his life. Colonel Richard Yose, the subject of this sketch, was born in Whitesboro', Oneida County, N. Y., September 2, 1830. The death of his father, when he was but thirteen years of age, left him not only dependent on his own resources, but with a mother, two brothers and two sisters to whose support he contributed for years, and is still the support of his mother. Compelled at this early age to work for his living during the day he educated himself studying at night by the dim light of a " tallow dip." He struggled manfully, however, and overcame almost insurmountable obstacles. He was gifted with remarkable elocutionary powers, and had at one time a strong leaning towards the stage, but circumstances prevented his adopting that as a profession. As he grew to manhood he astonished some ofhis theatrical friends by his remarkable delinea tions of Shakspeare, and gave the cue to more than one actor by his original interpretations of special and difficult parts. This remark able gift was never publicly utilized by Col. Yose, but his wonder ful memory enabled him to store away a fund of useful knowledge that aided him greatly in his subsequent successful business career. He removed to New York with his parents about the year 1832, and in 1845, he entered the house of Rich & Loutrel, then a lead ing stationery house, where he remained for about six years. In 1851 he removed to Cincinnati, O., and became connected with the house of Charles F. Bradley, who established the first stationery house (selling only stationers' goods) west of the Alleghanies. Young Yose was employed at first as book-keeper and salesman, but he displayed such business ability that in the course of three or four years he was offered an interest in the house. He preferred however, to return East, and in the fall of 1854 he acce]>tL'd a posi tion as secretary of a mining company in New York city, and soon after entered the employ of the Metallic Car Spring Company to THE AMERICAN GUARD. 121 superintend their manufacturing department. He soon developed great inventive and mechanical genius and commenced to make improvements, all of which he patented, reserving to himself all rights. Within the last thirty years he has taken out upwards of sixty patents, mostly car springs. In 1867 he leased the company's interest, and became the sole proprietor of the business, and in 1868 he associated others with him under the firm name ot Yose, Dins more & Co. This continued until 1876, the business having largely increased, and the firm was very successfuh In 1876 the business of the firm was transferred to the National Car Spring Company, of which Colonel Yose became president. He is also President of the Eureka Fire Hose Company. In 1874 he be came interested in the Warwick R. I. Railroad, and was elected president of that company. Colonel Yose commenced his military career soon after his re turn to New York from the West. On October 28, 1856, he joined Company F, Seventh Regiment, N. Y. S. M. as private. He was soon after appointed Lance Corporal, a rank given at that time to the best drilled and most proficient private. After remain ing with the Seventh for four years, he left it in 1860, with the rank of Corporal, and on October 11, 1861, he joined D Company, 22d Regiment, N. Y. S. M., as First Lieutenant, and after serving about one year in that position he resigned. He remained out of service for three years, but was finally solicited to take command of his old company (D), and on June 26, 1866, he was commissioned Captain of that company. He continued with the 22d until De cember, 1871, serving about two years of the time as Senior Cap tain of the regiment. About this time the Seventy-first Regiment had appointed a committee to select a suitable person for the position of Lieut. Colonel, made vacant by the resignation of Lieut. Colonel Wolcott. The committee waited on Colonel Yose, and he was induced to ac cept the position. At a meeting of the regiment soon after he was unanimously elected Lieut. Colonel, his commission bearing date December 28, 1871. In the summer of 1872, Colonel Rockafellar resigned the command of the regiment, and on September 11, fol lowing, Lieut. Col. Yose was unanimously elected and commissioned Colonel, and immediately assumed command. He at once infused new life into the regiment. The ranks were filled up with new recruits, and its former prestige was re-established. Col. Yose devoted more than his spare time and all of his energies to its im- 122 THE AMERICAN GUARD. provement, and he soon became one of the most popular and efficient officers ofthe National Guard. '¦ The crowning efforts of Colonel Yose's military life was made when he became the " Messenger of Peace" between the North and South, during the eventful trip of the Battalion of the 7lst Regi ment to New Orleans, in February, 1881. His eloquent responses to the addresses of welcome which greeted the Battalion at every stopping place along the route were echoed and re-echoed through out the entire South, and when he finally reached the Crescent City, the reception he met with exceeded anything in the annals of American history since the surrender at Yorktown, Oct. 1, 1781, when the American troops and their French allies clasped in loving embrace their bitter foes of a few hours previous. Colonel Yose was received not simply as a representative of the 7l8t Regiment, or of the National Guard of New York, but as the representative of the great North, bearing the " Olive Branch of Peace," and carry ing glad tidings of joy to the Southern people. His grandest echievement was at the reception given to the Battalion by the " King of the Carnival and his Mighty Host !" The addresses of welcome on that occasion accompanying the presentation ofthe flag to the 71st Regiment, were hearty, sincere and earnest, and touched a chord in the heart of Colonel Yose, which brought forth words of burning eloquence and power. There was no previous preparation on his part — no studied phrases or meaningless platitudes, but a spontaneous outpouring of the heart inspired by the occasion. The dying embers of hatred were quenched, aud peace was restored. At the conclusion of his address the people rose en masse, every lady waving her handkerchief and strong men shedding tears; men and women grasped him by the hand and offered him the hospitality of their homes and firesides. The address of Colonel Yose on that occasion doubtless did more to bring about an era of good feeling and to restore confidence between the North and South, than that of any individual act since the war. No man who has ever visited the South in a military capacity has left a deeper or more lasting impression in the hearts of the southern people, and his name will be remembered with gratitude and love long after the present generation has passed away. Colonel Yose continued his connection with the regiment until the fall of 1884, when the pressure of business and other important matters demanding his time and attention compelled him to resign. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 123 His administration forms a separate and one of the most important eras in the history ofthe 71st Regiment. His enemies were few, his friends were legion, and his name will ever be cherished with pleasant recollections by those who served under him. In person Colonel Yose is a little below the medium height, compact, well formed, of fine commanding appearance, quick and decisive in his action ; even in civil life his military' training is ap parent to all who come in contact with liim. Since his retirement from the regiment he has devoted himself wholly to business, but still keeps up his military associations. He has been for many years a member of the Yeteran Association, and was recently elected a member of the Old Guard. Colonel Yose has been three times married, his first wife being Miss Adelaide A. Bullock, deceased, 1851 ; Mrs. Francis J. Guibert, in 1883, deceased, and Miss Rachael Harper in 1885. He has three children. Seventt-first Regiment New Armory Fair. A movement was started in the early part of 1883 to raise funds for the erection of a new armory, the present one being en tirely inadequate for the purposes of drill, parade and the other wants of the regiment. Believing that the New York public, from its very liberal patronage of the Seventh Regiment Fair held in 1879, would support a similar enterprise gotten up by a regi ment that had an equal if not a greater claim on its liberality, efforts were made to hold a fair in the armory building during the latter part of March and the early part of April, 1883. The active regiment was ably sustained by the Yeteran Association, the several committees appointed, and an appeal made to the public for support. The response was noble and generous, and, while the results were not as great as were to be expected, the regiment had just cause for congratulation, and for gratitude to those who assisted in the enterprise. Among the distinguished lady patrons of the Fair were the Appletons, Belinonts, Havemeyers, Lorillards, Yanderbilts, and a host of the leading families of New York, while the male patrons included almost every prominent man in the city from President Chester A. Arthur down. The U. S. Army was represented by Generals U. S. Grant, George B. McClellan, W. S. Hancock, and a 124 THE AMERICAN GUARD. number of lesser lights. The National Guard was represented by all its most prominent officers. The Executive Committee was made up of the best material in the regiment. The Haversack, a spicy, interesting sheet pub lished by the Fair Committee, gives the list of " Booths " in the following order: Company A Booth, Capt. E. de Kay Townsend ; Company F Booth, Capt. John F. Cowan ; Field and Staff Booth — Mrs. Carlos Martin, President ; Mrs. Joseph D. Bryant, 1st Yice-President ; Mrs. E. C. Ripley, 2d Yice-President ; Miss Addie Yose, Secre tary ; Yeteran Corps Booth — Charles F. Homer, Chairman ; Geo. E. Trembley, Sec. and Treasurer ; Chas. W. Dustan, D. W. C. Ward, Wm. D. Faris ; Floral Booth, Mrs. Jacob Hess, President; Company B's Booth, Capt. E. F. Smith ; Company C^s Booth, Capt. J. P. Leo ; Company D's Booth, Capt. W. C. Clark ; Com pany G's Booth, Capt. Samuel G. Blakeley ; Company H's Boothj Capt. Frank H. Jordan ; Company I's Booth, 1st Lieut. L. Frank Barry. Several other attractions were mentioned in the Haver sack. The leading merchants of New York were liberal in their dona tions of fancy goods and other articles suitable for the occasion — some contributing as high as $500 worth of goods. The Fair was opened on the 23d of March and continued for three weeks. The amount realized was sufficient to pay off the en tire indebtedness of the regiment, leaving a net amount in the treasury of $10,000. This amount was placed in the hands of trust ees, who will hold it until such time as the regiment shall be pro vided with a suitable armory by the State, the effort to raise a fund for building an armory having been abandoned by the regiment. This amount is then to be used for fitting up an armory. Camp of lis struction at Peekskill, N. Y. The Adjutant-General, in his annual report for 1883, referring to the Camp of Instruction at Peekskill, says : " The State Camp of Instruction, established in 1882, proved a success, and its good results were so apparent that you directed its continuance for this year, and in accordance with your instructions the leased ground for the camp near Peekskill was prepared for an other season, a number of improvements made, and the former temporary structures made." THE AMERICAN GUARD. 125 The troops ordered in camp for service during the season were the Seventy-first Regiment and Fifth Separate Company, from June 16 to June 23. * * * [Here follows the account of the other regiments and companies.] The following is the official report of Col. Yose of ihe 7lst Regi ment, copied from the Adjutant-General's report : Headquarters 71st Infantry, N. G. S. N. Y., ) New York, June 25, 1883. j General : In compliance with Special Orders No. 47, A. G. O., dated May 16, 1883, my command assembled at its armory at Thirty-sixth street and Broadway at 11 o'clock a. m. on June 16, marching from thence at 12:45 p. M., and embarking on the transport steamer Long Branch were con veyed to the State camp ground at Peekskill, where it arrived at 4:30 p. m. of that day. Line was formed on the parade at which time the Fifth Separate Company, Captain J. T. Chase, of Newburgh, reported to me for duty, and were assigned to the vacant letter E, and known as such during their service with the regiment. I then reported to you for orders, after which I assigned officers and men to quarters and ordered details to report to the quartermaster's department and draw the necessary supplies for the use of the regiment during the encampment. The line was formed for dress parade, after which the men were re lieved from further duty for the day, so as to enable them to put their quarters in good order and condition. The 17th being Sunday, the only military duty performed was guard mounting and dress parade. At II o'clock church call was sounded, at which a large proportion of the officers and men were in attendance (the attendance not being compulsory). Services were conducted by the chaplain of the regiment. Rev. Carlos Martyn. , Herewith I submit my orders for roll-call and rules to govern the camp, which roll-calls were only varied from General Orders No. 12, A. G. 0., series 1882, as in my judgment was deemed necessary. I also submit herewith card of maneuvres performed from day to day, in accordance with General Orders No. 5, A. G. O., which were adhered to with but shght variation. I also submit a manual for guards and sentinels, which were printed and distributed to every officer and man before leaving this city. The assignm.ent of companies to rifle practice was made after consult ing with the general inspector and regimental inspector of rifle practice, so as to interfere as little as possible with the regular duties ofthe camp, and the company and battalion drills — the opportunity for which the regiment 126 THE AMERICAN GUARD. was sadly in need, owing to our very limited space in the armory in New York, where the regiment can only drill by company and division, and, as a result, when the command arrived in camp its drill and guard duty were not ofthe best, but each day showed a marked improvement. The battalion and skirmish drills were commanded alternately by Lieut.-Col. Palmer, Major Landon and myself, and we strove to be as thorough as possible, and the week's duty told favorably with the regiment ; indeed, when the 23d of June arrived the whole command would gladly have remained for another eight days, as the officers and men had just begun to feel the effect of the drill. They were all anxious to learn, and had worked with diligence to that end. The discipline was excellent, breaches of it being of the most insignificant nature. On the night of the 21st I determined to sound the long roll, having previously instructed the officers what to do in such an emergency, with out, however, stating on what night it would be sounded. I was careful to see that the camp was quiet after taps (10:30), giving the men three hours to get to sleep. At 1:30 a. m. I ordered the drum major to assemble the drum corps and then distribute them through all the streets and sound the roll. I then repaired to the parade ground, and in just three minutes from the first tap of the drum, regimental line was formed, and the rolls called ; but few men being absent except such as were on duty. At 2:15 this was repeated, and line was formed in just five minutes, both calls being unexpected by officers or men. The camp of instruction has been of inestimable value to the regi ment and could this be repeated every year we should not so seriously feel the want of an armory sufficient for the purposes of drill, the one we now occupy being the worst for military purposes in the whole State of New York. The commissariat was of the very best, and the general health of the men excellent. At noon on the 23d the men were assembled and paid. Line was then formed to await the arrival of the Seventh Regiment, National Guard State of New York, who were to relieve us. They arrived at 4:30 p. m., and, after the usual formal ceremonies, my command embarked upon the transport steamer Long Branch. The Fifth Separate Company being pro vided with a separate transport, were relieved from duty after being paid^ and at once proceeded to Newburgh. The regiment arrived at its armory at 9 o'clock p. M. of that day. I desire to commend, in the highest terms, the Fifth Separate Com pany for its drill, discipline, and general exemplary conduct. It was by all means the best in the camp, and its officers, particularly Captain Chase, possessing sterling ability, an honor to the service and worthy of all praise. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 127 I earnestly commend Lieut.-Col. A. D. Palmer and Major H. H. Lan don, for their ability ; their experience in the regular army being valuable. To Col. Frederick Phisterer I desire to convey my grateful thanks for his uniform courtesy and valuable instructions imparted to my adjutant and non-commissioned officers. To Col. Gillett, department inspector of rifle practice, the officers and men earnestly desire to be commended. And, in conclusion, permit me to offer to His Excellency's staff on duty during the camp my thanks for their courtesy and kind consideration to myself. Very respectfully your obedient servant, RICHARD VOSE, Colonel Commanding list Infantry, N. G. S. N.Y. To Major-General J. G. Farnsworth, Adjutant- General, State of New YorTc. CHAPTER XII. ELECTION OF A NEW BOARD OF OFFICERS.— PERSONAL SEETCHE8 OF SAME.— COMPLIMENTART NOTICES BY THE PRESS.— PRES ENTATION TO COL. McALPIN.— IN CAMP OP INSTRUCTION AT PEEKSKILL.-PRESENT CONDITION OF REGIMENT.— LIST OF FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS, 1852-1886.— OUTLINE HISTORY OF COMPANIES A, B, C, D, E, F, 6, H, I AND K. Soon after the resignation of Col. Yose, the Board of Officers looked around for an available candidate to fill the vacant position, and, after discussing the merits of two or three candidates, finally de cided on Major E. A. McAlpin. who had served for a number of years as an officer in the 7th Regiment, and had filled the position of Major in the 71st Regiment from 1875 to 1881. At the time the vacant colonelcy in the 71st was tendered him he had been out of active service for nearly three years. After careful considera tions of the matter he consented to the use of his name by his old friends, and at a regular meeting of the Board of Officers he was elected Colonel of the 71st in January, 1885. Appleton D. Palmer was re-elected Lieut.-Colonel, and Frederick Kopper, who had served for over twenty years in the 7th Regiment from that of private to captain, was elected Major. The following gentlemen composed the Staff of Col. McAlpin : Adjutant, Aug. T. Francis (since resigned) ; Quartermaster, William Courtney ; Commissary, George L. McAlpin ; Inspector of Liifle Practice, Chas. A. Hess; Surgeon, Ed. T. T. Marsh; Ass't Surgeon, F. W. Gwyer ; Chaplain, Rev. Martin Yincent, D. D. NoN-CoMMissioNED Staff. — Sevgeant-Mojor, Frederick J. Kohn en ; Quartermaster-Sergeant, Charles Rogers ; Ordnance- Sergeard, Riker Rockefeller ; Commissary-Sergeant, E. B. St. John Hen- riques ; Hospital Steward, A. M. Crane ; Band Leader, Felix J. Eben ; Drum Major, Plarry Parmenter ; Color Bearers, John N. Golding and Chas. Regnault. UirtA^Cy E. BIERSTADT, Calanel Cam'dg, 21st, Reg't, IBBS-B. the american guard. 129 Personal Sketches of thk New Boaed of Commissioned Offi cees AND NON-COMMISSIONED OfFICEES. COL. EDWIN A. McALPIN, COMMANDING SBVENTT-PIR8T REGIMENT, N. G. 8. N. T. " His life was gentle; and the elements So mix'd in him, that Nature might stand up And say to all the world This was a man." Wheee a man has achieved success in every undertaking to which his life has been devoted, and enjoys the respect and confi dence of his fellow-men, it is not the result of chance or fortuitous circumstances, but evinces in the individual the possession of in herent qualities of mind and heart which entitle him to a full share of all he has attained. The tenacity of purpose, firmness and decision of character dis played in the subject of this sketch, were doubtless inherited from his Scotch ancestors, but for the kindness of heart and generous nature which have made him one of the most popular members of the National Guard of New York city, he is wholly indebted to his American parentage. The name McAlpin or Macalpine is one of the oldest surnames mentioned in history, and yet little is known of the great warrior chieftain whom the Scots delight to honor as their first king. Sir Walter Scott says: "That the descendants of Kenneth Macalpine pass in gloomy and obscure pageantry like those of Ban- quo in the theatre ; " and it might have been added that the im pression left upon the mind by the perusal of their various reigns, is shadowy and unsubstantial. " Kenneth II, son of Alpinus, defeated the Picts and slew their king and his nobility ; united the Picts and Scots under one scep tre and became the first sole monarch of all Scotland in the year 843." I'n the year 970, Kenneth the Third, who is represented as a monarch of extraordinary vigor and ambition, succeeded to the throne, and, under his reign, the Danes re-appeared with a numer ous fleet in the Tay, but after a sangninary struggle in which they first succeeded, were ultimately defeated by the bravery of the Scots, commanded by Kenneth in person. 130 THE AMERICAN GUARD. " The clan Gregor or McGregor is said to have sprung from Gregor or Gregorius, third son of Alpin, one of the Scottish kings of the eighth century. From this descent of their founder the sect divided their original name of McAlpine, and they still occa sionally receive the appellation of The Clan Alpine. Joseph Rose, the maternal grandfather of Col. McAlpin, was a member of the famous New York Life Guard, a relic of the war of 1812. D. H. McAlpin, father of the Colonel, is at the head of one of the largest and oldest tobacco establishments in the United States, and enjoys almost a world-wide reputation. Col. Edwin A. McAlpin, the present commander of the Seven ty-first Regiment, N. G., S. N. Y., was born in New York city, June 9, 1848. He received a liberal education in the schools of his native city, and was afterwards sent to Andover, Mass., Acad emy, to prepare for college, but after completing his preparatory course, he returned to New York and entered the business house of D. H. McAlpin & Co. About this time, 1862, he became imbued with the war fever and, without his parents' knowledge, he enlisted in the Union army as drummer boy. His father succeeded, however, in bringing him back. Even at this early age (being then but fourteen) it was diffi cult to restrain his military ardor and enthusiasrn, and he made the second attempt to enter the army. He finally yielded to parental control, and it was not until Nov. 22, 1869, when he had attained his majority, that he commenced his military career, and soon developed those qualities that mark the true soldier. He en listed at this time in Company G of the famous Seventh Regiment, which, next to West Point, is undoubtedly the best school for mili tary training in the couptry. In such a regiment, always up to the maximum in numbers, promotions are slow, and it was not until June, 1873, that he was promoted to corporal of G Company. January 20, 1874, he entered the Seventy-first as First Lieutenant of E Company ; in May, 1875, he became Captain of the same com pany, and in August of the same year was elected Major of the regiment. He held that position for six years, and during this period his strict discipline, as an officer, and his earnest solicitude for the comfort of his men rendered him one of the most popular and efficient officers who had ever filled the position. During the visit of the regiment to New Orleans in 1881, he was particularly conspicuous for the watchfulness and care he displayed in attending to the most minute details which would add to the comfort of his THE AMERICAN GUARD. 131 men, and yet throughout the entire journey there was not the slightest relaxation of military discipline. On April 12, 1881, Major McAlpin resigned, and went back to the Seventh, of which he was made Captain of Company A on June 15. An evidence of the great personal popularity of Maj. McAlpin was shown during the Fair of the Seventh Regiment, held at their Armory in November, 1879. A number of elegant prizes were presented to the regiment to be voted for by the numerous visitors at the fair. Among them was the " National Guard Sword." The total number of votes polled was 24,176 (of which Major McAlpin received 15,279 — being 8,897 votes more than all his competitors combined, and 11,079 over Capt. Bacon, his strongest competitor. There was a great excitement among the numerous friends of the competitors. The New York World in its report says : " The excitement as 11 o'clock drew near centered about the sword-voting stand. On the National Guard Sword, where the contest really lay, the leaders, when the open voting ceased, were Col. Ryder, 2,531 ; Col. Porter, 1,360 ; Major McAlpin, 3,928, and Capt. F. W. Bacon, 4,066. When the secret voting began so did the ' bluff.' ' We have $10,000 to give Porter that sword,' said one man. ' It will cost you a good many thousand to get it for any body but McAlpin," said a tobacco merchant. When the box was finally opened. Adjutant Bacon read first, $200 or 800 votes for McAlpin ; then a roll of $500 gave him 2,000 votes, and so on for half an hour, while the dense crowd cheered and laughed. A crowd of Seventh men started the cry, " thank you, gentlemen ! " and this given by fifty voices in unison, could be heard from the voting stands all over the building. Nine times did the Adjutant call out $100, 400 votes for Major McAlpin." The result was that the final vote stood 15,927 for McAlpin and 4,200 for Bacon. The sword had brought in an income of $6,000." When Major McAlpin was announced as the winner of the sword, he was picked up bodily and carried around the room on his friends' shoulders. Major McAlpin continued his connection with the Seventh Regiment until March, 1882, when he resigned to devote himself entirely to his business. In the interim, from 1881 to 1885, there was a lack of enthu siasm and interest among the members of the Seventy -first Regi- 132 THE AMERICAN GUARD. ment, and it was difficult to keep the regiment up to the maximum standard. Near the close of 1884 Col. Yose resigned, and on Janu ary 12, 1885, Major McAlpin, at the earnest solicitation of his friends, was prevailed upon to allow his name to be used as a can didate for the vacant position. The contest lay between Major McAlpin and Capt. King of the Twenty-second Regiment, and finally resulted in the election of the former. His friends have had no occasion to regret their choice. He at once infused new life and energy into the regiment. A few changes were made, and recruiting was soon actively commenced. The personal characteristics and public career of Col. McAlpin are thus given by one who has known him intimately for years : " Colonel McAlpin has been actively and closely connected with the National Guard of this State for a period of sixteen years, during which time he has served in all the intermediate grades be low his present rank, excepting that of Lieutenant-Colonel, with so much energy of purpose, that when the position of Colonel of the Seventy-first Regiment became vacant, he was at once sought after, as being the only person capable of assuming charge of the affairs of the regiment, in its then chaotic condition. * * * The management of the regiment lacked intellectual breadth as well as moral stability. It was uncertain in all its operations, un able to hold steadily one course, continually falling and going to pieces, fighting within among its officers for supremacy of power, fears without among its friends of the ultimate dissolution of the most famous regiment of volunteers in modern history. It was, in short, an abnormal condition, and any real growth or reformation, must bo radical, built up from the foundation. It required a man of intellectual capacity and great acquirements to originate a plan of systematized management, which would cultivate independence instead of dependence, and increase attention among the members of the regiment in the interest of its welfare, and to bring into bold relief at once a change for the better. * * * This has been accomplished. The skill of an experienced soldier has been shown by Colonel McAlpin, in awakening the interest, in arousing hope and ambition among the rank and file, in cementing the dif ferences among the officers, in putting the finances, by executive ability, in a more healthful condition, in elevating the moral tone of the organization by the adoption of a distinctive dress uniform, by making military education in the regiment strictly compulsory, by making the cultivation of individual responsibility the most THE AMERICAN GUARD. 133 striking thing on drill and teaching that the progress of the regi ment depends upon each man ; by appointing men of acknowledged ability as his counselors and members of his military family, by raising the numerical standing of the regiment, and by creating a moral steadiness of will and purpose throughout the whole corps. * * * " Colonel McAlpin is a strict disciplinarian, who has that deli cate tact that prevents friction, and that congenial manner of stern ness, that always makes it a pleasure to those who are required to obey him. " In personal contact a stranger is always impressed with Col. McAlpin as one who has that genial warmth of manner combined with gentle dignity, that would make him a popular man in any drawing-room or at any table. In the society of his friends he is al ways admired above his fellows ; is quick in his movements, writes rapidly, decides quickly, knows a soldier when he sees him, works hard, is courteous in his manner, has a friendly smile and a quick frown, is given to hunting and fishing as a diversion, does not quarrel with the good things of this world, and take him, all in all, he is a charming gentleman, a good officer, a true friend, and an admirable fellow." In 1870, Colonel McAlpin married the daughter of the late Dr. Brandfeth (a name familiar to the American public for the last fifty years). He has four children, viz. : Benj. Brandreth, Edwin A., Jr., David H. and Kenneth Rose (so named from the first king of Scotland). Colonel McAlpin has been for many years a resident of Sing Sing on the Hudson. His personal popularity extends throughout Westchester county. He is a member of the Republican County Committee; he was made Presidential Elector in the campaign of 1884, and the same year was nominated for Congress to represent the 12th Congressional District. He was absent from home at the time, and was in active service in the field but seven days, yet he ran 2,000 votes ahead of his ticket, and was defeated by only 1,200 votes. He would doubtless have been elected by a large majority but for the divisions which existed in his party at the time. 134 THE AMERICAN GUARD. LIEUT.-COLONEL APPLETON D. PALMER. Lieut. Col. Palmer is a native of Zanesville, Ohio. He was ed ucated at Granville College, Ohio, and subsequently graduated from the Military Academy at West Point. He was promoted to a Lieutenancy in the Twelfth Regiment, U. S. Infantry, joining his company at Fort Hamilton, New York harbor. He was afterwards on duty at Richmond and Petersburg, Ya. He afterwards served about three and a half years on the plains at Dakota, Wyoming, Ne braska, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona, and during this period was promoted to a Captaincy. He was afterwards detailed as Indian Agent in charge of the Moquis Pueblo Indians at Arizona. After about fifteen months' service he was transferred to the Fourth U. S. Artillery as Captain of Battery L, and stationed at Fort Macon on the coast of North Carolina. He resigned his commis sion in 1873, and after a year spent in foreign travel, returned to New York and entered and graduated at the Columbia College Law School. He has been engaged in the practice of his profession since 1880. He was unanimously elected Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seventy- first Regiment in September, 1881. He was formerly a member of Kane Lodge, F. & A. M., but since his removal from the city has been a non-affiliated mason. MAJOR FREDERICK KOPPER. A WISER and better selection could not have been made by the 71st under the new regime of 1884-5, than that of Adjutant Kop per for Major. His twenty-one years of active service in the 7th Regiment was, for the practical duties required in the National Guard, equal to a West Point education. During that period he was a close student of military tactics, an enthusiastic soldier, and a keen observer of all the requirements necessary to a thorough military education. Nothing of importance escaped his observation and his duties in civil life were such that he had ample time to devote to study and practice, and he brought with him to the 71st, youth, vigor, and a ripe experience in the military art. The father of Major Kopper was born in Germany and edu- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 135 cated at Oxford University, England. He came to America about 1848, and served for some years as Major in the New Jersey State Militia. Frederick Kopper, the son and youngest child, was born in Kirkentilloch, near Edinburgh, Scotland, February 28, 1846. He came with his parents to America in infancy. He was educated at Trinity School, New York, at Grammar School, No. 11, and com pleted his course at the College of the City of New York. As soon as he reached the requisite military age he entered the 7th Regiment, June 16, 1863, as Private in Company D. He was warranted as Corporal, December 30, 1869; as Sergeant, May 15, 1872 ; First Sergeant, January 31, 1879, and commissioned First Lieutenant, March 5, 1883. His election to the latter position was an exciting one. His competitor spent several months in manipu lating affairs to prepare for the coming contest, while Sergeant Kopper relied on his personal status in the company, making no effort to secure the position. The result was that Sergeant Kop- per's majority was larger than the entire vote polled by his com petitor. The military service of Mr. Kopper covered a period the most exciting and important in the history of the 7th Regiment. He entered before the time of the Draft riots in 1863, went with the regiment to Baltimore and Frederick that year, and was mustered into the U. S. service, and participated in every event in which the 7th was engaged until the close of the war. During the Orange riots of 1871 and the Railroad riots of 1877, he was promptly at his post and never shirked any danger or hardship where duty called him. Whether in the drill room, on dress parade, or for any hazardous duty, he was prompt to respond to every call. His record was prob ably as near perfect as that of any member of the National Guard. He joined the 71st Regiment as Adjutant under Colonel Yose, Oct. 5, 1884, his commission bearing date with his resignation from the 7th Regiment, thus making his service continuous and unbroken. He was highly complimented by the Adjutant-General for his long, faithful, aud continuous service in the National Guard. He served for a little over two months as Adjutant of the 71st, and on December 17, 1884, he was elected Major of the Regiment, and since that time he has devoted himself assiduously to the duties of his office, and enjoys the unlimited confidence and friendship of his fellow officers as well as of the rank and file of the regiment. He has proved himself one of the most efficient and popular officers who 136 THE AMERICAN GUARD. ever filled this position. He was one of the committee appointed to go to Yirginia and make preliminary arrangements for the ex cursion of the 71st to the old battle ground in April, 1886. Major Kopper became a life member of the 7th Regiment Yet eran Association in 1870, and is still strongly attached to his Alma Mater. In 1866 he married the second daughter of Lieut.- Commander George W. Jenkins, U. S. N., and has five children, four daughtera and one son. Major Kopper has a summer residence in Salisbury, Yt., where lie is a large owner of real estate. His fellow-citizens of that locality have frequently urged his acceptance of the Republican nomination to the State Legislature, and in 1884 he yielded to their solicitations and was elected by a large majority. He was a mem ber of the military and other important committees in the House, and took an active part in all prominent legislation and debates of that session. He did not, however, relinquish his citizenship in New York city, where he is bound by the strongest social and military ties, and personal friendship as well as financial interests. Major Kopper is tall and rather slender, but well proportioned. As an officer he is quick, decisive, and rapid in his movements, making no mistakes. When off duty he is a thorough specimen of the bonne homme, enjoying heartily the good things of this world. Major Kopper has been for many years an active member of the St. Andrews Society, to which his Scotch birth renders him eligible, and of Lafayette Post, No. 140, Department of New York, Grand Army of the Republic. WILLIAM COURTENAY, QUARTERMASTER, Descended from the Devonshire family of Courtenay, dating back to the eighth century. His great-grandfather, Hercules Courte nay, came to this country in 1762, and settled in Baltimore, Md., where he was a prominent citizen and took an active part in raising funds and organizing troops for the War of Independence. An other great-grandfather, Samuel Purviance, was chairman of the " Committee of Safety " in the then Province of Maryland, at the THE AMERICAN GUARD. 137' breaking out of the Revolutionary War, and in that capacity ar rested and imprisoned the British Governor of the Province, Gov ernor Eden, and raised troops, and armed vessels, which subse quently became part of the Army and Navy of the United States. W. C. was born in Baltimore, August 7th, 1837, and resided there until 1855, when he removed to Wisconsin, where he was actively connected with various volunteer military organizations. He re moved to New York city in May, 1860, and enlisted in Company E, 71st Reg't, March 4th, 1861, the date of the inauguration of President Lincoln. Went to the front with the regiment in April, 1861, served throughout their 100 days' campaign, including the first battle of Bull Run, returning with them to New York. Was then offered the command of a company in the 51st N. Y. Yolun- teers, but at the urgent request of Col. Henry Brewerton, Corps of Engineers U. S. A., declined the same, and went to Baltimore to as sist him in the construction of the fortifications in and around Bal timore, including Fort Federal Hill, Fort Marshall, redoubt at Relay House, and water batteries at Fort McHenry. While there, was ap pointed Acting Ordnance Officer of the Dep't, and as such mount ed all the guns and distributed all the ammunition for these works. Upon the completion of these forts in April, 186,2, he was assigned to duty under Col. Thos. Lincoln Casey, Corps of Engineers U. S. A., then in command of the coast defenses of the State of Maincy embracing thirteen large forts, and employing 3,000 men, where he remained as Chief Assistant until November, 1865. In April, 1865, upon the recommendation of all the U. S. Army officers un der whom he had served, was appointed by Pres't Lincoln Major and Paymaster U. S. A., but for family reasons declined to accept the commission. Since November, 1865, has been actively and suc cessfully engaged in private business, and is now the president of a large and very successful manufacturing corporation, which he or ganized in 1873. On March 4th, 1885, re-entered the 71st Reg't as Quartermaster on Col. E. A. McAlpin's staff, a position he still holds. Is also a member of Post Lafayette, No. 140, G. A. R. Married, June 17th, 1863, a daughter of Judge Geo. W. Law rence, of Maine, and has one son born August 22d, 1864. 138 THE AMERICAN GUARD. GEORGE L. MoALPIN, COMMISSARY. The record of the McAlpin family, which dates back to the Dth century, is given in full in the sketch of Colonel McAlpin, a brother of the subject of this sketch. George L. McAlpin, recently elected Commissary ofthe Seventy- first Regiment on his brother's staff, has shown himself fully quali fied for the position, although having had no previous military ex perience. He readily acquired a knowledge of the details of the office, and has since discharged the duties to the entire satisfaction of tbe Colonel commanding. Mr. McAlpin was born in New York city, January 4, 1856. His early education was received at the public school. He subse quently took a preparatory course at Andover (Mass.) Academy, after which he entered Yale College, and was graduated in 1879. He subsequently commenced business as a manufacturer of Morocco, under the firm name of Rose, McAlpin & Co., successors to G. L. Rose. CAPT. CHARLES A. HESS, INSPECTOR OF RIFLE PRACTICE. A YOUNG man came to Daniel Webster, on a certain occasion to obtain his advice as to the pursuit of law as a profession. " There is always room in the upper story," said Webster. In a large city like New York, where competition in every branch is so great it is difficult for a man to reach even the ¦"first story," few men with the same opportunities have ever made such rapid strides toward the " upper story" within so short a, period of time as the subject of this sketch. Capt. Charles A. Hess, was born in New York city. May 17, 1858, of German parentage. His father came to America thirty- nine years ago, and became a successful wholesale commission mer chant. Young Hess received his education in the rudimentary branches at the public school. In 1876, he entered the New York University, from which he was graduated in 1878, and graduated CAPT CHAS. A. HESS. Inspector Rifle Practice 71st, Reg't, N. G-, S, N, Y, THE AMERICAN GUARD. 139 from the law department in 1879. He was president ot his class society, the same year, and was chosen valedictorian at the com mencement exercises held at the Academy of Music. He was ad mitted to the bar May 29, 1879 ; the same day he started for Europe and took a course of lectures at Heidelberg, Germany. After mak ing a tour of tiie continent he returned to New York in 1880, and in November of tiiat year commenced jiractice, being then twenty- two years of age. In March, 1883, a little over two years from the time he commenced practice he was appointed by Hon. Elihu Root, Assistant United States District Attorney for the Southern District of New York. He resigned in January, 1884, but at the request of Mr. Root he continued in office until April 1, 1884. During his brief term of practice he has been engaged in several important cases in which he has won distinction as a lawyer. In the case of the United States vs. Seaman, the defendant was charged with having attempted to vote illegally at the last Presidential election. Mr. Hess, who was counsel for the defendant, claimed that the indictment did not allege, and the evidence failed to show, that the defendant offered to vote for representative in Congress, and unless this could be shown the United States Court had no jurisdiction in the matter. This was the first time the question had ever been raised. It was argued by Mr. Hess with great ability and resulted in the acquittal of his client ; such eminent judges as Wallace, Benedict and Brown, concurring in the decision. Another important case recently tried is thus referred to by the New York Press : "The trial of General Shaler, before Judge Barrett, on account of the distinction of the accused and the eminence of the counsel on both sides, attracted almost national attention, and among the lawyers it served to bring prominently before the people is Mr. Charles A. Hess, the able and skillful counsel for the principal witness, Mr. Monmouth B. Wilson. The part played by Mr. Hess in this now celebrated issue was quiet but effective, and the manner in which he performed it, stamped him as a lawyer of unusual talent, admirably adapted for the successful prosecution ofhis profession. Since his admission to the bar, Mr. Hess has been con nected with a number of prominent cases, and each instance has acquitted himself in a manner to command the commendation of both the bench and bar. Unpretentious and unassuming, he works hard and zealously for his clients, and generally with satisfactory results. Aside from his pro fession, he takes a live interest in public affairs and possesses considerable 140 THE AMERICAN GUARD. influence in the political world. Personally he is courteous and of genial manners and the possessor ofa large circle of friends." Capt. Hess has acquired equal distinction as an officer in the National Guard during his brief connection with it. He was ap pointed Quartermaster on the staff of Colonel Yose, in June, 1883. In this position he displayed great ability. As an officer he was highly esteemed by his associates, and by the rank and file he was re spected as a rigid, honest and fearless disciplinarian. He resigned August 11, 1884, but on December 15th following, a petition signed by all the officers of the regiment requesting that his resigna tion be not accepted, and that it should be returned was presented to the Adjutant-General of the State, who in accordance therewith referred it to Capt. Hess. When Colonel McAlpin took command of the regiment he invited Capt. Hess to take the position on his staff' as Inspector of Rifle Practice, which was accepted, and the appointee entered at once upon his duties. Like his brother, the Commissioner of Electrical Subways, Capt. Hess takes an active interest in polities. He is a member of the Young Men's Republican Club of the city of New York, and of the Twenty-first Assembly District Republican Executive Commit tee. He is also a member of the Blossom Club of Henry Clay Lodge, Order of Free Sons, Fidelity Lodge Knights of Honor, Progress Club, and other social and benevolent organizations. In 1881, Capt. Hess married Ida, daughter of Max Doctor of New York city. He has one child named Jerome Sayle. MAJ. EDWARD T. T. MARSH, M. D., SURGEON. Dr. Marsh was born in New York city, February 14, 1843. He was educated in the public schools and Free Academy. In 1860 he entered the office of the celebrated surgeon Dr. James R. Wood, as a student, and in Fall of 1860 entered BeUevue Hospital Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1864. On February 5, 1864, he entered the U. S. Navy as Acting Assistant Surgeon, and was assigned to the U. S. Steamer " Cherokee," connected with the North Atlantic blockading squadron, off Wilmington, N. C. He was present at the first attack upon Fort Fisher by Gen. B. F. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 141 Butler and Admiral Porter, December 25th, 1864, and at its capture by the combined forces of General Terry and Admiral Porter, January 15, 1865. He was afterwards with the East Gulf block ading squadron, where he remained until the close of the war. In June, 1865, tiie " Cherokee " was ordered to Boston and went out of commission on the 19th of June. On September 11, 1865, Dr. Marsh was ordered to proceed to Acapulco, Mexico, to join the U. S. steamer " Saginaw." After several months service he was ordered to the sloop-of-war " Farallones," then stationed at Panama. After remaining for some months at that place the ship was ordered to San Francisco and went out of commission in February, 1867. On February 2, 1867, he was ordered to return to Panama and join the U. S. sloop-of-war " Jamestown," to relieve the medical officer who was incapacitated for service by an attack of yellow fever, which he did February 24, 1867. Several of the officers and men were down with the disease at the time. In April following the ship was ordered to San Francisco, and after a long and tedious passage of sixty-six days, reached that port in the middle of June. Six men who died from the disease were buried at sea. There were altogether on board the ship 48 cases and 21 deaths by the fever. In July following the ship was ordered to Sitka, Alaska, for the purpose of freezing out the germs of the feVer. In October, 1867, Dr. Marsh was ordered East, and took passage on the U. S. steamer " Ossipee " for San Francisco. The vessel encountered a terrific hurricane and was badly injured. On the 29th of October she re turned to Sitka for repairs. Dr. Marsh was then ordered to take passage on the U. S. transport steamer " John L. Stevens " for San Francisco. He subsequently sailed for New York, wliere he arrived December 22, 1867. He remained in the service until March 29, 1868, when, at his own request, he was honorably discharged. He soon after opened an office on Monroe Street in the Seventh Ward and commenced practice. On June 1, 1870, he married Alice W., youngest daughter of the late Alfred B. Crossman of Huntington, L. I. In June, 1870, he was appointed Sui:geon-in- charge of Reception Hospital, City Hall Park, wliich position he held until January 1, 1871. On January 1, 1871, he was appointed Deputy Coroner under Coroner Nelson W. Young. He held this position for three years, and was then re-appointed lor three years by Coroner Anthony Eickhoff, the .successor of Coroner Young. On August 1, 1878, 142 THE AMERICAN GUARD. he was appointed Police Surgeon of the Department .of Public Parks, which position he continues to hold. He is at present located at 111 Madison Avenue, but his practice extends to all parts of the city, as well as Brooklyn and Jersey City. On March 4, 1885, Dr. Marsh was commissioned Surgeon ofthe Seventy-first Regiment, on the staff of Col. McAlpin. He is a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion (Commandery State of New York) and of Lafayette Post, 140, G. A. R. He is a member of several medical societies and of the following benevolent organizations, viz.. Past Master of Hope Lodge, No. 244, F. & A. M., of New York, of Zetland Chapter, R. A. M., and of Morton Commandery, No. 4, K. T. FRED. W. GWYER, M.D., ASSISTANT SURGEON, Was born in FayettevUle, Ark., July 29, 1855, whither his parents, who were Northerners, had removed. His parents returned North soon after his birth and settled in New York city, where young Gwyer received his education. He was a close student and made rapid progress in his studies. In 1870 he was sent to Germany to complete his education, where he remained for two years. On his return he took a commercial course of instruction at Packard's Business College and tor. seven years following was engaged with his father in the manufacturing business. In 1880 he commenced the study of medicine, graduating in 1883. He was one of the honor men in his class and competed for an examination to enter BeUevue Hospital. He was successful and completed his course April 1, 1885. He soon after commenced practice. In September, 1885, he was appointed Prosector at the University Medical College. He is now Surgeon to the University Dispensary, and on March 1, 1886, was appointed Lecturer on Anat omy at the University Medical College. In March, 1885, he was commissioned Assistant Surgeon of the Seventy-first Regiment, on the staff of Col. McAlpin. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 143 REV. MARVIN R. VINCENT, D.D., CHAPLAIN. The Vincents are said to be of French origin, and were among the Huguenot families who fled to this country after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and settled in New York State. Rev. Marvin Richardson, the maternal grandfather of Dr. Vincent, was a neted Methodist preacher in his day. Rev. Marvin R. Vincent, D.D., was born in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Sept. 11, 1834. He received his preparatory education at the Poughkeepsie Collegiate and the Grammar School of Columbia College. He entered Columbia College, New York, in 1850, and was graduated in 1854. At the commencement exercises held at Niblo's Theatre he was Yaledictorian. In September, 1854, he entered Columbia College Grammar School as teacher of the lowest classical form of the school. Dr. Charles Anthon then being Rector. At the expiration of the first year Professors Drisler and Collord both resigned and Mr. Yincent was placed in charge of the second classical form of the school, directly under Dr. Anthon. In 1856 the school was removed to 4th avenue near 27th street, and Dr. Vincent became practically the superintendent ofthe school, having charge of the first classical form. In the spring of 1858 he accepted a call to the Professorship of the Latin Language and Literature of Troy University, on Mount Ida, at Troy, N. Y. In June of that year, before assuming the duties of the chair, he married Miss Hulda F., daughter of Edward Seagrave, of Providence, R. I. They have three children, one, a daughter, married. Dr. Yincent was at that time connected with the Methodist Church. At the earnest request of the trustees of the University he consented to receive a license to preach, which was issued on the 5th of September, 1859. During the remaining three years of .his stay at the University he was preaching at some of the churches in Troy or in the neighboring towns. In 1862 he resigned his position in the Troy University, and served 'the Pacific Street Methodist Church of Brooklyn, N. Y., as pastor, for nearly a year. Dr. Vincent had for some time been dissatisfied with the polity of the Methodist Church, and in the spring of 1863 accepted a call as pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Troy, N. Y., being the successor of Rev. Nathan S. Reman, D.D., LL.D., who had 144 THE AMERICAN GUARD. been pastor of the church for forty years. Dr. 'Vincent was installed over that church June 18, 1863, and continued as its pastor for ten years. In the latter part of 1873 he accepted a call to the pastorate of the Church of the Covenant, New York city. He was dismissed from the Presbytery of Troy, April 17, 1873, and installed as pastor of the Church of the Covenant Thursday evening. May 8, 1873, where he has since remained. In 1885 he was invited by Colonel McAlpin, commanding the 71st Regiment, to accept the position of Chaplain on his — the Colonel's — Staff'. He was duly commissioned April 20, 1885, and at once assumed the duties of his new position. He was with the regiment while in camp at Peekskill in the summer of 1885, where he conducted services for one Sabbath. He also had a service for them at his own church the same year. Dr. Yincent is tlie author of several religious and other works, among which are : •' A Translation of Bengel's Gnomon of the New Testament," " Faith and Character," " Gates into the Psalm- Country," " God and Bread," " In the Shadows of the Pyrenees," " The Minister's Hand-Book," " The Two Prodigals," " Stranger and Guest," " The Expositor in the Pulpit," " Christ as a Teacher," and numerous sermons, tracts, reviews and addresses. J. FREDERIC KOHNEN, sergeant-major, non-commissioneu staff, Was born in Bremen, Germany, November 8, 1839. He came to America in 1856, and soon after obtained a position as clerk at 163 Front street, with Battelle & Renwick. He continued with this firm for eleven years, and in 1867 established the business of For warding Agent at 172 Pearl street. In April, 1861, he joined Company C, Seventy-first Regiment, and was mustered into the U. S. service. He participated in the first battle of Bull Run and other affairs during the campaign. He was detached with others of Company C for special service on the Potomac on board the gunboat Pocahontas. In 1862 and '63 he went out again with the regiment, and shared in all the vicissi tudes of those campaigns. Pie was elected Corporal in 1863. He turned out with the regiment during the Orange riots of 1871 and the Railroad riots of 1879. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 145 He was appointed Commissary Sergeant in 1867 on the non commissioned staff, was appointed Quartermaster's Sergeant in 1869, and in 1878 was appointed Sergeant-Major, which he has held up to the present time, being still in active service. His record is excellent, and he has always borne an unblemished reputation. In 1868 he married Miss Sarah Botsford of New York city. He was one of the charter members of the Veteran Association. RIKER ROCKEFELLER, JR., ORDNANCE SERGEANT, NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Mr. Rockefeller was born in New York city, November 1, 1844. In civil life he has always followed the occupation of a painter. He commenced his military service as a volunteer in the 8th Regiment in 1861, and was mustered into the U. S. service. In 1862 he was again mustered into ' the U. S. service with the regiment, and was at Baltimore, Fortress Monroe, and Yorktown. He was discharged from the service Sept. 10, 1862. In 1863 he joined G Company, 71st Regiment, as a volunteer, and participated in the Pennsylvania campaign. In 1864 he was elected First Sergeant of D Company, 77th Regiment N. G. S. N. Y., and went with the regiment to Elmira, where he served for one hundred days in U. S. service. On October 27, 1865, he joined Company G, 71st Regiment, as private. On August 28, 1868, he was elected Corporal, and on July 1, 1870, was promoted to Sergeant. After ser%'ing seven years he was honorably discharged as Sergeant on April 10, 1873. Re-enlisted in Company G, 71st Regiment, November 3, 1874, for one year, but served six years, and was honorably discharged October 25, 1880, as Sergeant. On January 22, 1881, he enlisted in Company A, 71st Regiment, and was made Sergeant. In February, 1881, he accompanied the Battalion to New Orleans. In 1883 he was with the regiment in camp at Peekskill. In June of that year he was appointed Left General Guide, and in January, 1884, was appointed Standard Bearer. In November, 1884, he was appointed Ordnance Sergeant, which position he still holds. He was elected a member of tiie Yeteran Association in 1874. 10 146 THE AMERICAN GUARD. He is a member of James C. Rice Post No. 29, G. A. R. In 1866 he married Henrietta Augusta Steffen of New York, deceased October 15, 1868. He has one child. CHARLES REGNAULT. The earliest record of the Regnault family is found in the French works on heraldry, which refer to a Lieutenant in the French army as early as 1534. One of the same name afterwards fled from France with the Huguenots. He probably came to this country ; but of that nothing is definitely known. Charles Regnault, the subject of this sketch, was born in the city of New York, September 7th, 1849. He was educated at the public school, and in 1864 he entered the Citizens' Savings Bank, corner of Bowery and Canal street. He was then but a lad of fif teen. In his twenty-two years of faithful service he has won the respect and confidence of his associates, and in 1869 was appointed Receiving Teller of the bank. Three years after he entered the bank, April 25th, 1867, he joined Company C, 71st Regiment, in which he served for nearly nine years, making for himself an excellent record. He responded promptly to every call of the regiment, aud participated in every prominent event during his term of service, which included the Orange Riots of 1872. He was honorably discharged January 24th, 1876. He joined the Veteran Association of the 71st Regiment in 1874. In 1876 he married Miss Adeline F. Huber of New York city. They have two children, viz., John B. and Charles Henry. Mr. Regnault has been for many years an active member of John Hancock Lodge No. 70, F. and A. M., in which he served as W. M. for two successive terms. He is a man of pleasing address, affable, agreeable and courteous, and enjoys a deserved popularity among his associates. When Col. McAlpin assumed command of the regiment in Feb ruary, 1885, the muster roll called for 432 members ; the actual membership was much less than that, and the attendance at drill was very small. The " weeding out " process commenced at once. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 147 and over 160 were dropped from the roll for non-attendance, deser tion, &c. Several company officers resigned and new ones were elected in their places. After " weeding out " the useless material, the total strength of the regiment was 272. The company com mandants immediately put forth efforts to fill up the ranks of their several companies ; as a result, the annual inspection in October, 1885, showed an increase of 273 of good, substantial live material, making the total strength 437. The following extracts from the press are given as a fair index of public opinion in regard to the new regime : " Major Edwin A. McAlpin was on Monday evening elected Colonel of the 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y. The contest lay between Major McAlpin and Capt. King, of the 22d Regiment. The vote stood 10 to 8." " Col. E. A. McAlpin has issued orders rescinding all standing orders made by his predecessor in the 71st Tlegiment, and giving some advice on general matters. ' It is not the duties that are arduous, but the accumulation by neglect often arising by ignorance of those duties,' says the Colonel. These are the rules prescribed : ' Full duty will be exacted of every officer and member of this command during the lawful term of service, without respect for tender of resignation or alleged unpleasantness of relation. Any tardiness will be promptly rebuked, and no member shall receive credit for service not rendered. Every officer and member of this command will be considered under regimental government when ever wearing any portion of the uniform wbicli may designate our organization, and drunkenness, profanity, unclean condition of person or dress, or any other breach of discipline when on duty, will be followed by such punishment as the law prescribes, and such condemnation in orders as the case may require.' " " The Colonel is laying out plenty of work for his command, and if he receives the proper support from the officers and men will undoubtedly effect a much needed improvement in all matters per taining to drill and discipline." " I have never noticed such a stride to prosperity as the Seventy-first has made since the accession of Col. McAlpin. His decisive actions, his great reforms and sociable character have worked wonders in this corps. The esprit du corps has much improved and a feeling of real enthusiasm has been engen dered." 148 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Presentation to Col. MoAlpin. — " A review and reception were the occasion of a large gathering at the 71st Regiment armory last evening. This was the first review of the regiment under its new colonel, Edwin A. McAlpin. The lines, in eight companies, and numbering 300 men, passed in dress parade before Brig.-Gen. Louis Fitzgerald, and 58 officers and privates were presented with the State marksmanship badges. Col. Hyatt, of the Veteran Corps, presented to Col. McAlpin, in behalf of the veterans, a handsome set of horse equipments complete. A beautiful floral structure in the form of the regiment badge, was the gift of Gen. Fitzgerald to the regiment. The music of the regiment was by the new regimental band of 35 pieces, led by Fehx I. Eben, which ap peared in parade for the first time. Among those who witnessed the review was Inspector-General Robbins, Col. Scott, and Sur geon-General Bryant, of Gov. Hill's staff, Brig.-Gen. Wiley and Judge Gedney." " The 71st, on Monday, April 6, paraded before Brig.-Gen. Louis Fitzgerald for review and presentation of marksmen's badges. The exhibition showed undoubted signs of renewed activity, and was by far the most successful affair of its kind which has taken place in the armory for years. The bearing of the regiment itself, as well as the class of spectators who W^ere present, indicated a de cided change for the better." Camp of Instedction at Peekskill. On July 4, 1885, the 71st Regiment, under command of Col. McAlpin, went into camp at Peekskill for the second time since that camp was established. They assembled at their armory at an early hour and started by train for Peekskill. The number parad ing was — Field and staff and non-commissioned staff, 20 ; Compa nies A, 50 ; B, 25 ; C, 28 ; D, 65 ; F, 50 ; G, 45 ; H, 30 ; I, 45 ; and K, 55 — making a total of 413. Arriving in camp, the 9th Regiment was quickly relieved and was at home in a short time. Late in the afternoon the separate companies arrived, and were des ignated as companies L, E and M, respectively. In the evening several companies gave a brilliant display of fireworks. " July 5. — Col. Edwin A. McAlpin and his command opened camp in a brilliant manner on Saturday evening, beginning witb a really excellent guard mount at 5 o'clock. * * * " Dress parade last night was satisfactory to every one except- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 149 ing the officers and men. As for Col. McAlpin, it is quite likely that he will not be satisfied until the dress parades of this old war regiment equal those of the 7th, and they bid fair to do so if the men often go through the experience of last night. The formation of the line did not suit the Colonel, and the various companies were ordered back to their respective company streets for a new forma tion. The men went through the manual in an excellent way ; the hands dropped together in excellent time." Sunday, July, 5. — " From a pulpit built with drums and draped with the American fiag. Chaplain Marvin R. Vincent preached to the members of the 71st Regiment this morning. The reverend soldier when at home officiates at the Church of the Covenant, at Park avenue and Thirty-fifth street. * * * In front of the preacher were orderly ranks of vigorous manhood ; the front pew of camp stools filled by Col. McAlpin and his staff, and Gen. Wylie and other State officers. " The sermon was not of a military character. The reverend gentleman took for his text ' Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.' His address was full of good advice to the young men before him." July 6. — " The 71st Regiment to-day entered upon the regular course of instruction, the exercises of the first day and a half hav ing been confined to guard mounting and dress parades. Two platoons of men were marched off to the rifle range directly after breakfast for practice, and another platoon after dinner. The entire regiment was ordered out to the initiatory battalion drill in the forenoon. The excessive heat interfered somewhat with the usual duties." July 7. — " The camp was inspected this morning by the State officers. Each canvassed- walled habitation was visited and thor oughly examined. Although no general notice of the visit was given, Inspector-General Briggs found nothing to complain of. The tents were all in a cleanly orderly condition." The excessive heat during the remaining four days, causing the prostration of several of the men, interfered with the usual drill and other exercises, although there was not the slightest relaxation in discipline or of camp duties. At 1 o'clock p. M., July 9th, Gov. Hill arrived on the grounds, but, owing to the excessive heat and a furious storm which came up 'in the afternoon, the review which had been arranged was omitted. The thermometer stood 98 degrees in the shade. 150 THE AMERICAN GUARD. The battalion drill, company drills and dress parade on the 10th showed that great improvement had been made during the brief encampment, notwithstanding the fact that the elements of nature were against them. The regiment marched out on the Ilth, and their place was filled by the 13th Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y. Company, battalion and regimental drills were kept up through the winter and spring of 1885-6, and at the annual review, held on April 23d, Inspector-General Briggs complimented the officers in the highest terms on the marked improvement which had been made during the past year. The following statement by the Acting Adjutant, Capt. C. M. Kennedy, shows the condition of the several companies up to May 4, 1886 : — Company A, 53 ; Company B, 28 ; Company C, 43 ; Company D, 97 ; Company E, disbanded ; Company F, 69 ; Com pany G, 53 ; Company H, 48 ; Company L, 82 ; Company K, 62. This, including the Field, Staff, and non-commissioned staff and band, makes a total of 593. Recruiting is still kept up and it is expected that before the close of the year the number will reach 700. List of Field and Staff Officers, 1852-1886, with Date of Commission. Colonel Abram S. Vosburgh, Aug. 2, 1852. Died May 20, 1861, at Washing ton Navy Yard. " Henry P. Martin. June 19, 1861. Resigned, 1862. " Charles H. Smith. January 28, 1863. Resigned, 1863. " Benj. L. Trafiford. May 13, 1863. Resigned May 19, 1866. Deceased Dec. 23, 1883. " Theodore W. Parmalee. Sept , 1866. Resigned March 3, 1868. " " " Nov. 6, 1868. Resigned Oct. 20, 1869. " Harry Rockafellar. Nov. 15, 1869. Resigned, 1871. Deceased Aug. 22, 1875. " Richard Vose. Sept., 1872. Placed on supernumerary list at his own request Dec. 19, 1884. " E. A. McAlpin. July 12, 1885. XwMf.-CoZone? Winchester P. Moody. Aug. 2,1852. Resigned March, 1854. Deceased. " Henry P. Martin. April 16, 1855. Resigned, 1857. " Daniel A. Butterfleld. Dec. 7, 1857. Elected Colonel 12th Reg't, N. Y. S. M. ; Maj. -Gen'l U. S. V., 1862. " Geo. A. Osgood. Jan. 3, 1861. Resigned June, 1861. " Henry P. Martin. 1861. Promoted to Colonel, June 15, 1861. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 151 July 2, 1861. Promoted to Colonel, Jan. Jan. 28, 1863. Promoted to Colonel, April, Ideut- Colonel Charles H. Smith. 14, 1863. " Benj. L. Trafford. 1863. Wm. J. Coles. May 13, 1863. Resigned January, 1867. Harry Rockafellar. June, 1867. Promoted Colonel, November, 1869. George D. Wolcott. Nov. 15, 1869. Resigned, 1871. Richard Vose. Dec. 28, 1871. Promoted to Colonel, Septem ber, 1872. Henry C. Lockwood. Sept. 11, 1872. Discharged. William H. Chaddock. Aug. 4, 1875. Resigned April 12, 1881. " Appleton D. Palmer. Sept. 12, 1881. Maj(n- Sam'l S. Parker. Aug. 2, 1852. Resigned Aug. 4, 1853. " Philip J. Parisen. 1854. Dan'l A. Butterfleld. June 20, 1855. Promoted Lieut.-Colonel, Nov. 18, 1857. Dec. 7, 1857. Resigned Dec. 8, 1858. Jan. 22, 1859. Promoted Colonel 2d Reg't, N. Jan. 3, 1861. Resigned Oct. 17, 1861. Nov. 18, 1862. Promoted Lieut.-Colonel, January, 1863. Promoted Lieut.-Colonel, April 17, Dan'l D. Blauvelt, Jr. Geo. W. R. Tompkins. Y. S. M., 1860. Geo. A. Buckingham. Benj. L. Trafiford. 186.S. Wm. J. Coles. Jan. 28, 1863. David Meschutt. May 13, 1863. Resigned Nov., 1863. Oliver Libby. Jan. 10, 1864. Resigned April, 1866. Harry Rockafellar. Sept., 1866. Promoted Lieut.-Colonel, June, 1867. James Bell. June, 1867. Resigned 1868. Geo. D. Wolcott. April 7, 1868. Promoted Lieut.-Colonel, November, 1869. Eugene S. Eunson. Nov. 15, 1869. Resigned 1872. Henry C. Lockwood. March 21, 1872. Promoted Lieut.-Colonel, Sept. 11, 1872. Thomas L. Raymond. Feb. 3, 1873. Edwin A. McAlpin. Aug. 26, 1875. 12, 1885. March 2, 1882. Jan. 9, 1885. Resigned June 22, 1875. Resigned June 6, 1881. Elected Discharged March 1, 1884. Colonel, Jan " Henry H. Landon. " Frederick Kopper. Adjutant J. Philip. 1852. Wm. H. Allen. April 27, 1854. Resigned March 10, 1857 Abram G. Demarest. April 8, 1857. Resigned, 1860. A. H. Pride. Sept. 26, 1860. Resigned April 10, 1863. John R. Livermore. July 23, 1863. Resigned May 21, 186 A. T. Francis. Dec. 11, 1866. Resigned Aug. 5, 1871. George A. J. Norman. Sept. 1, 1871. Discharged. David Graham. Feb. 4, 1873. Resigned March 13, 1875. 152 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Adjutant Frederick Kopper. Oct. 25, 1884. Elected Major, Dec. 17, 1884. " A. T. Francis. March 4, 1885. Elected Captain Company 0, April, 1886. Engineer Thomas R. Johnson. April 27, 1853. Resigned June, 1855. De ceased. " Jas. T. Sanford. Sept. 30, 1858. Resigned April, 1861. " E. A. Quintard. July 8, 1861. Supernumerary, by Col. Trafford, 1863. " J. Trumbull Smith. July 23, 1863. Office abolished. Surgeon J. Henry Watts. April 12, 1853. Resigned March 8, 1855. " Wm. F. Lindsey. March 31, 1855. Resigned January, 1857. " F. W. Perry. Aug. 1, 1857. Surrendered his commission. Henry Slack. Sept. 30, 1858. Resigned, 1860. " Chas. McMillen. 1861. Appointed Medical Director, TJ. S. A., July 15, 1861. Eugene Peugnet. Dee. 7, 1861. " Jas. B. Reynolds. Jan. 20, 1863. Supernumerary, by Col. Trafiford, 1863. W. M. Pratt. July 23, 1863. Relieved by Col. Parmalee. " Henry G. Piflfard. ' April, 1867. Resigned Dec. 11, 1867. Marvin S. Buttles. Dec. 9, 1868. '< Edward G. Higginbotham. Dec. 1, 1870. " Lewis Balch. Oct. 18, 1871. Resigned. " Joseph D. Bryant. Oct. 20, 1873. John E. Allen. Oct. 21, 1874. Discharged Feb. 6, 1884. " Geo. W. Leonard. Dec. 3, 1884. Term of office expired by law. " Edward T. T. Marsh. April 20, 1885. Quartermaster Philip J. Parisen. Dec. 16, 1852. Commissioned Major, 1854. " D. A. Butterfleld. June 24, 1854. Commissioned Major, June, 1855. " Geo. A. Buckingham. Aug. 2, 1855. Commissioned Major, Dec, 1860. " Geo. W. Rosevelt. Feb. 8, 1861. " " July S3, 1863. Resigned, 1864. " Edgar A. Seelye. June, 1864. Appointed Quartermaster U. 8. v., 1864. John A. Hull. July 1, 1864. Supernumerary, July 9, 1867. " Thomas L. Raymond. Sept. 25, 1867. Promoted Major, March 21, 1872. " Benjamin J. Guibert. Feb. 4, 1873. Resigned Aug. 4, 1876. " Edward C. Ripley. June 19, 1883. Appointed Inspector R. P. March 4, 1885. " William Courtney. May 27, 1885. Commissary Wm. Borrowe. April, 1861. " Theo. W. Morris. May, 1867. " Charies E. Shade. Dec., 1868. Resigned Aug. 17, 1875. " Jacob Hess. May 8, 1876. Resigned March 3, 1885. " George L. McAlpin. April 20, 1885. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 153 Paymaster Henry W. Fisher. Dec. 16, 1852. Resigned April 13, 1854. Isaac 0. Noe. April 37, 1854. Resigned, 1859. " Geo. W. Rosevelt. Dec. 28, 1859. Commissioned Quartermaster, Jan. 8, 1861. " Wm. A. Ellis. Feb. 8, 1861. Resigned, 1861. " P. R. Wilkins. Dec. 7, 1861. Chaplain Geo. W. Warner. Dec. 16, 1852. Removed from the State. " Geo. A. Buckingham. Oct. 26, 1854. Commissioned Quartermaster, June 18, 1855. " Francis Perkins. Aug. 3, 1855. Removed from the State. " Cornelius Corson. May 26, 1859. Supernumerary. Fred. S. Wiley. Dec. 7, 1861. Supernumerary. Deceased. J. P. Hovey. July 23, 1863. Deceased Dec, 1863. " John Burtis. March 38, 1864. Resigned Nov. 9, 1865. " Eastman Benjamin. Dec. 9, 1868. " Eastman Benjamin. 1872. Resigned. " James L. Hall. Feb. 4, 1873. Position vacated for non-attendance to duty. Frederick Courtney. Feb. 26, 1879. Resigned March 31, 1880. " Carlos Martyn. May 6, 1882. Term of office expired by law. Martin R. Vincent. April 20, 1885. COMPAJNY RECORDS. With the exception of C, H, I, and K, no company records have been found. The others have either been lost, destroyed, or carried away by those having them in charge. The Descriptive Book, found in the archives of the Veteran Association, shows a list of Captains from 1850 to 1870, but does not designate the companies to which they were attached. A small descriptive book, found among the regimental records, gives a list of the commandants of the several companies from 1860 to 1864. From that period to 1870, at the time the present descriptive book was opened, there is left a gap unfilled, which has been partially supplied by data gathered from old members of the companies ; but as the memory of these individuals was rather defective, due allowance must be made for any apparent inaccuracies. Some of tlie companies have been dis banded and reorganized several times, according to information fur nished by old veterans, but dates and details could not be found. Company A. [No records found. Data gathered from old veterans.] — This company was organized in 1850 as one of the four companies of the American Rifles, and was under the command of 154 THE AMERICAN GUAED. Captain Samuel S. Parker. It was soon after disbanded. In 1852 Captain Charles H. Wheeler, with thirty others, withdrew from E Company and reorganized Company A. This organization con tinued until 1857, when it was again disbanded. During that period there were frequent changes of officers. In September, 1858, the famous Light Guard (Company I, 55th Regiment), under the command of Captain John R. Garland, was transferred to the 71st Regiment by order of Adjutant-General Townsend, and took the vacant letter A. During the campaign of 1861 the company was commanded by D. D. Hart, with First Lieutenant W. G. Tompkins and Second Lieutenant T. B. Oakley. Captain Hart was wounded at the battle of Bull Run, and totally disabled for further service. Lieutenant W. G. Tompkins was elected to the command December 7, 1861, -which he held for eight years. He was succeeded, November 27, 1869, by S. W. Osgood. The distinctive organization of the old Light Guard was kept Tip with this company until 1876. Adjutant-General J. B. Wood ward then, by direction of the Governor, issued " Orders, No. 48, Series 1876," directing that " Company A, 71st Regiment, be con solidated with the other companies of the regiment, and that the officers of Company A be rendered supernumerary." Colonel Vose immediately issued Order No. 9, May 1, 1876, assigning the mem bers of Company A to Companies B, H, and I. The company was re-organized in 1880 or 1881, and has since continued with varying success. After the resignation of Captain E. de Kay Townsend, in December, 1885, the company remained in charge of the First Lieutenant for more than a. year. In April, 1886, Lieutenant C. M. Kennedy, of Company F, was elected to the command of Company A. He is said to be the youngest Captain in the National Guard, having but recently attained his majority. He is a bright, active, energetic young officer, and has risen rapidly from the ranks on his merits alone, never having sought promotion. He will doubtless make his mark, and prove a valuable acquisition to this unfortunate company. The following is an imperfect list of the several commandants from 1850 to 1886 : Samuel S. Parker, commissioned 1850. Probably resigned. Chas. H. Wheeler, " 1852. " John P. Hopkins, " 1854. " Company disbanded 1857. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 155 John R. Garland, commanding Light Guard, September, 1858. Probably re signed. D. D. Hart, Lieutenant commanding, 1861. Wounded at the battle of Bull Run. Resigned on account of wound. W. G. Tompkins, commissioned December 14, 1861. Resigned November 5, 1868. S. W. Osgood, commissioned November 27, 1869 Resigned. Ernest A Des Marets, commissioned September 11, 1871. Rendered supernu merary, 1876. Company disbanded, 1876. Reorganized, 1881. Thomas B. Kniffen, commissioned January 29, 1881. Resigned June 6, 1881. X de Kay Townsend, commissioned July 22, 1881. Discharged December 2d, 1885 ; expiration service. Present Officers. Captain, Chas. N. Kennedy. First Lieutenant. (Vacant. ) Second Lieutenant, Wm. A. Lake. CAPTAIN D. D. HART, commanding companv a, 1861. Captain D. D. Hart is a native of New York city. He com menced his military service in the old Light Guard, July 3, 1835 ; was commissioned Second Lieutenant in 1848. He came into the Seventy-first with the Light Guard, in 1858, as Second Lieutenant of Company A. He was subsequently elected First Lieutenant and Captain. He enlisted with the Seventy-first, in 1861, as Captain of Company A. He went into the battle of Bull Run with 112 men. He was badly wounded and taken from the field, and was incapac itated from further service. Captain Hart has been connected with the Pacific Bank since its organization in 1850, and for nearly thirty years has been pay ing teller. CAPTAIN 0. M. KENNEDY, commanding COMPANT A. Captain C. M. Kennedy is one ofthe most brilliant and promis ing young men in the regiment, and has risen to his present position on his own merits. He is a son of the Armorer of the regiment. 156 THE AMERICAN GUARD. and was born in Paterson, N. J., October 1, 1885. His mother died while he was an infant, and he removed with his father to New York in 1867. He received a good education at the public school, and in 1885 obtained a position in the Ilth Ward Bank, which he has filled with credit to himself, and is in a fair way to promotion. He joined the 71st, September 15, 1884, as a member of Com pany I, and was appointed Sergeant standard bearer the same even ing. On December 10, 1884, he was elected First Lieutenant of Company F, and on April 13, 1886, he was elected Captain of Company A. Although his promotion has been rapid he has been a close student, a careful observer, and has fully qualified himself for every position he has filled. He is withal one of the most popular men in the regiment, and has honestly earned every promotion. Company B. [No records found. Data obtained from veter ans.] — This was the second company of the American Rifles, organ ized in 1850. Its first commandant was a Mr. Riley, who was suc ceeded, in 1851, by Thomas A. Glover, who afterwards commanded Company H. There were frequent changes in officers from 1851 down to 1859, and the company was a mere skeleton. In 1857 it numbered twenty-three; in 1859, twenty-seven ; from 1859 to 1869 it averaged fifty-seven. In 1859, B. L. Trafford (afterwards elected Major and Colonel) was elected Captain, and was in command of the company during the campaign of 1861, participating in the battle of Bull Run. The other officers during that campaign were First Lieutenant James R. Klots, Second Lieutenant John R. Liv ermore. Second Lieutenant Livermore was detailed by Colonel Martin to command the company during the campaign of 1862. A. M. Underhill was elected Captain in 1863, and continued in command nntil 1866. The latter was in command of the battahon composed of Companies B and H, which made the trip to Boston in the summer of 1865 as the guests of the Boston Fusileers. The following is a list of the commandants from 1850 to 1886: Riley, commissioned 1850. Thomas A. Glover, commissioned 1851. Charles H. Wheeler, commissioned February 4, 1851. D. D. Blauvelt, Jr., commissioned November 15, 1853. A. M. Copeland, commissioned September 9, 1854. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 157 A. G. Demarest, commissioned June 2, 1855. B. L. Trafford, commissioned May 26, 1859. " " Februarys, 1861. Chas. A. Stetson, Jr., commissioned December 16, 1862. A. M. Underhill, commissioned December 17, 1863. Resigned, 1866. M. S. Euen, commissioned July 16, 1866. Resigned, 1867. H. H. Evertsen, commissioned November, 1867. Resigned May, 1869. T. H. B. Simmons, commissioned August 4, 1869. C. N. Swift, commissioned October 6, 1870. Resigned. Henry K. White, commissioned January 9, 1872. Resigned January 14, 1873. Stephen Curtis, commissioned February 28, 1873. Resigned. Edwin F. Smith, commissioned April 37, 1883. Resigned December 30, 1882. Josiah P. Marquand, commissioned April 13, 1885. Discharged December 2, 1885. Present Officers. Captain, T. W. M. Draper, commissioned January 28, 1886. First Lieutenant, Paul V. Harris, elected March 19, 1886. Second Lieutenant, James A. Wight, elected June 16, 1885. CAPTAIN A. M. UNDERHILL, FOKMBRLY COMMANDING COMPANY B, 1863-1866. " The name Underbill," says Lower, is local from residence at the foot of or under a hill. This hill was situated in Nether Ealender, a little below Halford on the Eastern bank of the Stoure." Captain John Underhill the American ancestor of the Under hill family, was one of the most remarkable and dramatic persons connected with the early settlement of New England. He was commonly called Lord Underbill and descended of an ancient and honorable family in Warwickshire, England. He served as an officer in the British force in the low countries in Ireland and at Cadiz. He came to America about 1632. Captain A. M. Underhill is the sixth in descent from John Un derhill. He was born in New York city, February 20th, 1835. His maternal grandfather. Captain John Williams, commanded the American packet ship Albion, carrying mails and passengers be tween New York and Liverpool, and was lost with that vessel on the old head of Kinsale, Ireland, in 1822. Mr. Underhill was educated in the rudimentary branches at the private school of Solomon Jenny on East Broadway, and of Mr. 158 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Bragg on Crosby, and subsequently attended Breed and Wingate's school on Market street. In 1847 he entered the house of Haydock Corlies and Clay, wholesale druggists, and after remaining there a few months he returned to school, attending Ward School No. 19 on Broome street. From 1849 to 1850, he was in the employ of David Felt and Hosford, stationers on Wall street. He then went with the house of Robert M. Blackwell & Co., dealers in naval stores on Front street. In 1859, Mr. J. D. Abrams, the junior member of the firm, withdrew and started in the same line of busi ness. Mr. Underhill followed him in the new concern where he remained until the breaking out ofthe war. Mr. Underhill commenced his military experience in 1853, as a member of the New York State Guard, then attached to the 2d Regiment, N. Y. S. Militia. [Tbis is now a company of 9th Regi ment N. G. S. N. Y.] He was subsequently elected Second Ser geant, and was transferred with his company to the 55th Regiment. Mr. Underhill served as a volunteer fireman in the Brooklyn N. Y. Fire Department, and was attached to Hose Company No. 2, of which he was subsequently foreman. At the breaking out of the war he joined the Ilth Regiment, N. Y. Vols., known as Ellsworth Fire Zouaves. He was commis sioned First Lieutenant of Company G. He took part in the first battle of Bull Run, where he was taken prisoner, and confined, first in the Legion tobacco factory, then in succession at Marine Hospital, Charleston, Castle Pinckney, Charleston jail, Columbia jail, Ross's tobacco factory, Libb}' prison, Salisbury prison pen. Bell Isle, and back to Libby again, whence he was released with others on parole, in August, 1862. He made several applications after this to the war department for active duty in the field, but received each time the reply that he was still a prisoner of war on parole. On December 17, 1863, he was elected Captain of B. Company, Seventy-first Regiment, and remained in command of that company about two years. After his release from rebel prisons, in 1862, he returned to New York, and entered the employ of Williams & Guion, managers of the " old Black Star Line " of Liverpool Packets [now called the Guion Line, Liverpool Steamers]. He subsequently became mana ger of the freight department, and in 1884, he succeeded the old firm in the business. On January 1, 1886, he took his son into partnership, under the firm name of A. M. Underhill & Co. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 159 For some years past Mr. Underhill has taken an active interest in the affairs of the Grand Army ofthe Republic. In 1880 he was mustered as a member of John A. Dix Post No. 135, in which he served first as Junior Vice-Commander in 1881, as Senior Vice- Commander in 1882, and as Commander in 1883. He subsequently assisted in organizing a Grand Army Post at Harlem, which took the name of Alexander Hamilton Post 182, and was elected Com mander of the Post for the year 1886. He still retains his interest in the old Seventy-first, and is a, member ofthe Veteran Association. He became a member of Amity Lodge F. and A. M. in 1857 of which he still continues. He is also a member of Sylvan Chapter R. A. M., and of Constantine Commandery, both of Harlem, and of the Memphis Rite, 33d Degree. In 1858, Mr. Underhill married Miss Kate, daughter of Francis J. Grady, of New York. They have four children— one son and three daughters. Mr. Underhill is a member ofthe New York Produce Exchange and of the New York Maritime Exchange ; has been a representa tive from his district to the Republican County Committee, and is- President ofthe Young Men's Republican Club of the 23d Assembly District. COLONEL M. S. EUEN, COMMANDING COMPANY B, 1866-1867. Peobablt no country in the world has ever produced such an example of the citizen soldier as was exhibited during the late war. Men left the busy scenes of life and rushed into the bloody and fraternal strife almost without a moment's warning, and when the war was over, returned to their usual vocations as though nothing had happened. Many of them won military distinction, and it was noted that the same qualification that made a man successful in his business conducted to his advancement as a soldier. Among these is Colonel M. S. Euen, who, during his whole business life, has been connected with one of the oldest and largest clothing houses in the city. Colonel Euen is of Scotch descent. His great-grandfather was 160 THE AMERICAN GUARD. a Scotchman, who came to America previous to the revolution, and was collector of the Port of Newbern, N. C, under the adminis tration of George III. He subsequently removed to Elizabeth- town, N. J., where David, the grandfather of Colonel Euen, was born. David Euen was a classmate of Aaron Burr at Elizabeth- town, and although not the best scholar, was the better student, and David Euen took from Burr the prize for which both were contend ing. David Euen afterwards served in the war of the Revolution as Brigade Surgeon on the staff of Lafayette. His son, who was the father of Colonel Euen, served under John Frelinghuysen in the war of 1812. Colonel Euen was born in New York city, February 10, 1834. He was educated at Irving Institute, Tarrytown. After leaving school he entered the clothing house of Brooks Bros, as clerk, where he continued until the breaking out of the war. His military experience commenced in 1857, as a member of Company C, Seventy-first Regiment. He subsequently changed his residence and withdrew from the regiment. On June 11, 1866, after he returned from the war, he was elected Captain of Company B., in which he served for one year and resigned. In July, 1862, he enlisted as private in the 156 Regiment, N. Y. Vols., which was composed of troops from Ulster County. On August 20, 1862, he was commissioned Captain of E. Company, which he assisted in raising. He accompanied Bank's Expedition to Louisiana, and participated in all the principal engagements, including those of Bisliii, Patorson ville, and the Siege of Port Hudson. During the latter engagement he received a slight wound. He was soon after this detailed by the Secretary of War to organize a " Permanent Party," with rank as Major, composed of veterans in the service, for guard duty at Hart's Island in New York harbor. Raw troops had previously been employed in tbis service, and the Government was losing on an average about eighty men per day by desertion. Colonel Euen's command was composed of 750 men, and so thorough and complete was the organization under his direction that the loss of troops by desertion was reduced to three or four a week. He remained in command of this batallion until it was dis banded shortly after the tall of Richmond, Va. He rejoined his regiment at Savannah, Ga., and was placed in command of it, re maining until it was mustered out of service November 17, 1865, at Hart's Island. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 161 " For gallant conduct at Port Hudson and Fort Bislin," he was brevetted Lieut. Colonel, " and for gallant and meritorious services during the war," was brevetted Colonel. At the close ofthe war he resumed his connection with Brook's Bros., and in 1879, was admitted as a member of that firm. In 1854 he married Miss Mary E. Rhinehart of Ulster County, N. Y. He has two children, viz., Louise C, and Gertrude B. Colonel Euen has been for several years a member of the Veteran Association, Seventy-first Regiment. He is also a mem ber of George Washington Post G. A. R., and of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, New York Com mandery. CAPT. HENRY H. EVERTSEN, COMMANDING COMPANY B, 1867-1869. Capt. Evektsen inherits from his sire and grandsire the fondness for military life which distinguished them. His grandfather served in the War of 1812 as a member of the Governor's Guard, and his father served in the 1st New York Cavalry during the last war. Henry H. Evertsen was born December 22, 1833, at Morristown, N. J., in the house adjoining the old Washington Headquarters. He removed with his parents to New York in 1835. In 1850 he entered the employ of E. Off & Sheppard, silversmiths, where he acquired a thorough knowledge of the business, and subsequently manufactured for Ball, Black & Co., which he continued until the breaking out of tbe war and nntil 1869. His first knowledge of military tactics was acquired in the old Continental Guard of New York, which he joined in 1856. It was then commanded by Capt. John C. Helms. He remained with this organization for two years. On March 9, 1861, he joined the En gineer Corps, Seventy-first Regiment. He was unable to accom pany the regiment in the campaign of 1861, but in 1862 he went out as First Sergeant of B Company, which he assisted in organ izing. He was promoted to Second Lieutenant on the field, but on the return of the regiment he resumed his rank as Sergeant. In 1863 he was elected Captain and mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment. He served throughout the Pennsylvania cam paign and subsequently in the New York draft riots. In Noveni- 11 162 THE AMERICAN GUARD. ber, 1867, at the earnest solicitation of the officers and members, he accepted the command of Company B, and was duly commis sioned Captain. He was exceedingly popular with his comrades, and had the reputation of being the best drilled soldier in the regiment. He served eight and one-half years, being absent but from two regimental parades and four company drills during that time, and resigned in May, 1869, in consequence of his removal to Massachusetts. In February, 1869, he entered the employ of the Whiting Manufacturing Company at Attleboro', Mass., where he remained for four years. In 1873 he returned to New York and accepted a position as foreman of the extensive works of Dominick & Haff, with which he still continues. In 1855 he married Catharine Foster of New York city. They have two sons and four daughters. Capt. Evertsen is a member of Bristol Lodge, F. & A. M., of Attleboro', Mass., and of Jersey City Lodge, No. 24, I. O. O. F. He was elected a member of the Veteran Association in 1881. CAPTAIN HENRY KIRKE WHITE, COMMANDING COMPANY B, 1873, 1873. Capt. White, F Company, Yeteran Association, 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., was born in the city of New York, April 12, 1837, and comes from good stock, both paternally and maternally. On the father's side he is descended from Elder John White, who was born in England between the years 1595 and 1605, and who came to America in 1632, landing at Boston and settling in Cambridge (then Newtown), Mass., on or very near the spot where now stands Gore Hall, the library building of Harvard University. In 1636 he removed to Hartford, Conn., and in 1659 was a conspicuous leader of a company who went from that place and founded the town of Hadley in Mass. About 1670 he returned to Hartford, where he remained until he died, at the close of the year 1683. In each of the places of his residence he was a prominent man in town and church affairs, one of the " Selectmen " of the town, and some times a member of the Legislature. His male descendants were, all of them, equally men of note and distinction. The fifth in the line of descent was Dr. Samuel White, grandfather of the subject of this sketch. He was a distinguished physician and surgeon in THE AMERICAN GUARD. 163 Hudson, N. Y., and the principal practitioner in Columbia and Greene Counties. He was also a professor in Berkshire Medical Institute at Pittsfield, Mass., President for many years of the New York State Medical Society and Mayor of the city of Hudson. He died in 1845, greatly lamented by the community in which he had resided for fifty years, and whose love and esteem for his urbanity, ability, enterprise and piety he had gained. Captain White's father. Dr. Samuel Pomeroy White, was also a noted physician and surgeon, practicing with his father, for sev eral years in bis native city of Hudson, and occupying the same professor's chair which his father had filled. In 1833 he removed to New York city and resided there, in the practice of his profes sion, until his death in 1867. When quite a young man he gained great celebrity by the successful performance of a very intricate surgical operation which had never before been accomplished in America and but twice in any other of the countries of the world. An account of it was embodied, and may now be found in some of the standard medical works of this country and of Europe. In consideration of this achievement honorary degrees were conferred upon him by Williams, Union, and Geneva colleges. During the late war of the Rebellion he volunteered his services in some of the hospitals in New York, where, for about two years, most of his time was spent in the devotion of his talent and energies, and he was also sent by the U. S. Sanitary Commission to Fort Pickens in Pensacola Harbor. In both of these positions he rendered most efficient and valuable service. On the mother's side Captain White traces back his ancestry to the most noted families of Nantucket, bearing the names of Folger, Gardner, Macy, Coffin, and Jenkins, the latter being his mother's maiden name. Peter Jenkins, the ancestor, came from England. The mother of the illustrious Benjamin Franklin was a daughter of the same Folger from whom Captain White is descended, and Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin, of the British Navy, was from the same Coffin line. His great-grandfather, Seth Jenkins, was the leading spirit of a company which went from Nantucket to Providence, R. I., and from thence, in 1783, to the spot on the Hudson river where is now the city of Hudson, and founded that place. When, in the short space of less than two years, owing to the energy and enterprise of the settlers, the place had assumed such proportions as to be incorporated as a city, he received from the Governor of the State of New York the appointment of Mayor, continuing in 164 THE AMERICAN GUARD. that capacity, by annual re-appointment, until his death in 1793. He was succeeded by his brother Thomas, and after him by his son Robert, the latter holding the position from 1S08 to 1813, and from 1815 to the time of his death in 1819, so that for over thirty years the office was in the Jenkins family. Robert Jenkins was also a military man, having been in 1806 commissioned by Governor George Clinton as First Major (which was commanding officer in that day) of the 4th Regiment of Artillery of the State of New York. These men, Seth the father and Robert the son, were pos sessed of exceeding ability and enterprise, and were very highly respected and esteemed by their fellow-citizens. They were ex tensively engaged in manufactures and shipping, and not only sent their vessels to Europe, China and the West Indies, but employed many of them in whaling. Robert's only child was Captain White's mother; she died in 1883. Captain White is at present a resident of the city of New York, and is associated, as he has been for the past twenty years, with the firm of Hartley & Graham (forn.erly Schuyler, H. & G.), one of the oldest and most respected houses in that city engaged in the business of firearms and ammunition, and the most extensive dealers in that line of goods in the United States. Mr. Hartley, of that firm, married his sister. He married, February 11, 1869, Miss Mary Adelaide Rockwell of Brooklyn, N. Y., daughter of the late Rev. J. Edson Rock well, D. D., of that place. They have had seven children, of whom four are now living. He is a man of fine physique, six feet and one inch in height, and well proportioned. He is the fifth of a family of eight, all noted for their stalwart build. His military record is connected, exclusively, with the 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., in which he has served, in various grades of rank, under Colonels Vosburgh, Martin, Smith, Trafford, Parmalee, Rockafellar and Yose, and is as follows : 1859. — Enlisted November 1, as private in G Company, Cap tain Alexander P. Kinnan, Colonel Abram S. Vosburgh command ing the regiment. 1861. — Accompanied the regiment to Washington, D. C, and was there enrolled, April 20, in the service of the United States. Participated — as Corporal — July 21, in the first battle of BuU Run. Was discharged from that service and mustered out with the regi ment July 30, by reason of the expiration of term of eiiiollment. 1866. — December 5th. Received an honorable discharge from the regiment after seven years of service. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 165 1869. — ^Re-enlisted and was elected, September 6, Second Lieu tenant of F Company. Promoted, November 29, to First Lieu tenant. 1 870. — June 7. By reason of the resignation of Captain William S. Stanley, Jr., assumed command of the company and retained it until October 11, when, by general orders from the Adjutant-Gen eral's office, the 37th Regiment was consolidated with the 71st, and Company G of the former was incorporated with Company F of the latter, with Charles H. Leland as Captain, Henry K. White as First Lieutenant, and Beverly Ward as Second Lieutenant, and Lieut. White turned over the command to Captain Leland. 1871. — Participated with the regiment in the suppression of Orange riots in New York city. 1872. — January 9. Promoted to Captain of B Company. 1873. — January 14. Owing to ill health and residence out of the city resigned his commission and received an honorable dis charge. Colonel Richard Vose immediately tendered him an hon orary staff appointment, which, for the same reasons, he was com pelled to decline. 1876. — April 17. Was tendered the captaincy of his former Company (F) which he was reluctantly obliged to decline. He is an honorary member of B, G, and F Companies, of the regiment. He was elected, April 21, 1870, a member of the 71st Regiment Veteran Association, and in 1885 a member of the Exec utive Committee of the same, and Captain of F Company in the Veteran Corps. CAPTAIN T. WALN-MORGAN DRAPER, COMMANDING COMPANY B. Captain Deapbe has led an eventful life, and for one of his years has had a remarkable experience. Having passed but two and a half decades, he has traveled through numerous countries, served in two military campaigns, and acquired a knowledge of military tactics from actual service in the field. T. Wain-Morgan Draper was born in New York city, March 12, 1855. His early education was received at the best private schools in the city, and in 1867 he went to Europe to complete his course. He enjoyed the advantage of the best collegiate institu- 166 THE AMERICAN GUARD. tions of England and Germany, and graduated as civil engineer at the Royal Polytechnikum of Munich, Bavaria ; and as mining engineer at Freiberg, Saxony. He spent nine years abroad, and during this period visited parts of Asia and Africa. During the Franco-German War he was present at a number of the battles and sieges with the Second Saxon I/ancers. He returned to America in 1876, and during the Centennial Exhibition he had charge of the geological and mineralogical collection under Pro fessor Baird, of the Smithsonian Institute. In the fall of 1876, Mr. Draper went to Colorado to pr.ictice Lis profession of mining engineer. On May 10, 1879, he joined Company C, 1st Regiment, Colorado National Guard. Ho served with this command uutil April 21, when hu was appointed Assist ant Inspector-General, Colorado Nation iil Guard, on the stiiff of Brig.-General Sheets, by Governor Frederick W. Pitkin, with the rank of Captain. In September of the same year he was promoted to the rank of Colonel. The Colorado National Guard was first efficiently organized under Governor Fred. W. Pitkin, and during his term Mr. Draper went east to New York to study the organiza tion there. The Colorado Guard was formed on the same lines as the New York Guard. At the National Guard Convention, held in Philadelphia in 1880, Mr. Draper was the Colorado Representa tive. At the time of the Meeker Massacre, Mr. Draper was third in command of the Colorado State Troops, who held the frontier against the Ute Indians until the Federal soldiers arrived to relieve them. He was also on duty at the time of the Leadville riots in 1879-80. Mr. Draper remained in the western States and Territories until 1883, when he returned to New York, and has since been engaged in different capacities of engineering. On December 22, 1885, he was elected Captain of Company B, 71st Regiment Infantry, N. G. S. N. Y. He has taken hold with an earnestness and zeal that promises to make this one of the best and strongest companies in the regiment. He enjoys the respect and confidence of his subordinates, and has succeeded in awakening in them a spirit of enthusiasm, from which favorable results may be expected before the close of the present year. On June 4, 1884, he married Louisa G. daughter of Dr. Alex ander Kelsey, of Rochester, N. Y., formerly member of Congress. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 167 FIRST LIEUT. PAUL V. HARRIS, COMPANY B. The promotion of Lieutenant Harris from a non-commissioned officer to that of First Lieutenant is a little out of the usual order, but in his case it has been honestly earned. He is ambitious, per severing, and quick to learn, and by his uniform courtesy and strict attention to his duties he has won the esteem of his comrades, and received the reward which he justly deserved. Paul V. Harris was born in Louisville, Ky., July 26, 1860. He was educated in New York city, to whieh place he removed with his parents in childhood. He commenced his business career in a wholesale jobbing house, and after changing from one or two posi tions he entered the house of D. H. McAlpine & Co., tobacconists, in 1885, as clerk, where he has succeeded in winning the confidence and esteem of his employers. He joined the 71st Regiment, March 31, 1881, as a member of Company A. On January 24, 1882, he was elected Corporal, and on August 21, 1882, he was elected Sergeant. He was subsequently elected First Sergeant but declined. On February 8, 1884, he was appointed Quartermaster's Sergeant, on the non-commissioned staff. After serving two years in this position he was elected First Lieu tenant of B Company, March 19, 1886, and passed a creditable ex amination, showing that he was fully qualified for the position. He accompanied the Battalion on its famous excursion to New Orleans in 1881, and on every subsequent occasion has been prompt to respond to every call of his superior officers. He has never missed a drill, meeting, or parade, since his connection with the regiment, and his conduct has been above criticism. Although still a young man he has earned his title of veteran and was elected a member of the Veteran Association in 1886. LIEUTENANT J. A. WIGHT, COMPANY B, Was born in New York city on August 23, 1839. On April 23, 1861, he enlisted as private in B Company, Thir teenth Regiment, New York State Militia, for three months. On October 23, 1861, he enlisted as Sergeant of B Company, Twelfth Regiment, New York Volunteers, for three years. 168 THE AMERICAN GUARD. He participated in the battles of Yorktown, Hanover C. H., Mechanicsville, Seven Days fight. Second Bull Run, South Moun tain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, ChancellorsviUe, Brandy Station, Aldie and Striker's Gap. He was honorably discharged on June 20, 1863, as First Sergeant. On August 3, 1869, he married Miss Fanny Rogers, of New York. They have one child, named Charles A., now being edu cated at the Military School, Aurora, N. Y. On March 17, 1885, Mr. Wight enlisted in B Company, Seventy- first Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., and was warranted Quartermaster's Sergeant, and on June 16 following was commissioned Second Lieutenant. He is a member of the Society of the Army of the Potomac, the Fifth Corps Association, and the First Regiment Veteran As sociation. He was formerly a member of Rankin Post No. 10, and was one of the charter members of Post 327. During the Grant obse quies he served as a member of the Relief Guard on Adjutant Price's detail Second Relief, August 5, at Albany, same day in New York on Third Relief, and had cotnmand of Eighth Relief, 11 p. m. on the 6th to 2 a. m. on the 7th. On the day of the funeral he marched with his regiment to Riverside Park. Company C. — This has been the most fortunate and prosperous of any compauy in the regiment. The first to fill its quota in 1850, it has continued as a distinct organization, without material change, or any considerable addition from other regiments or companies up to the present time. The minute book and other records of the company have been carefully kept, and every event of importance recorded. It also contains information in regard to other companies not found elsewhere. The first meeting of Company C, " American Rifies," was held at Military Hall, on Bowery, above Broome street, August 21, 1850. The meeting was called to order by H. W. Fisher, as presiding offi cer, and William Kellock was elected secretary. The following company officers were then elected : Captain, H. W. Fisher, Sr.; First Lieutenant, Thomas A. Colt ; Second Lieutenant, Moses C. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 169 Hagadorn ; Third Lieutenant, George W. Marsh ; Orderly Sergeant, James M. Parker ; Second Sergeant, William Kellock ; Third Ser geant, H. W. Fisher, Jr. The names of the privates are not given. Three at least of those who were present at that meeting are now living, viz., William Kellock, W. B. Ferguson, and William F. Bogert. On November 20, 1850, another election was held, and Second Lieutenant Moses C. Hagadorn was elected Captain. Meetings of the company were subsequently held at Odd Fellows' Hall. Cap tain Hagadorn was succeeded by Captain Regur, and in 1857 Wm. J. Coles was elected to the command of the company. The most important and eventful period in the history of this company oc curred during the latter's administration. He was one of the best and most efficient officers in the National Guard, and was held in the highest esteem by the members of his company. In 1860 the members of Company C, to show their "appreciation of his ability as a commandant, and of his untiring efforts to make Company C the star company of the regiment, presented him with a beautiful five-pointed star of heavy gold, nearly two inches in diameter, with a single diamond set- near each point." Captain Coles commanded the company during the campaign of 1861 and distinguished himseK, and added new laurels to the com pany at the battle of Bull Run ; his personal gallantry and coolness under fire inspiring his men with courage and inciting them to deeds of daring. He commanded the company in the campaign of 1862. In January, 1863, he was elected Major of the regiment. Lieutenant Alfred Spear was acting commandant until August, 1868, when he was elected Captain. The following is a list of the commandants from 1850 to 1886 : H. W. Fisher, Sr., elected August 21, 1850. Moses C. Hagadorn, commissioned January, 1851. Resigned June, 1855. L. H. Regur, commissioned October 6, 1855. Resigned March 16, 1857. Wm. J. Coles, commissioned July 29, 1857. Elected Major January 28, 1863. Oliver Libby, commissioned April 4, 1863. Elected Major January 30, 1864. Seymour A. Bunce, commissioned December 30, 1864. Captain Company I, June 25, 1859. Alfred Spear, commissioned July 1, 1868. Resigned September 1, 1871. William C. Dow. (No record found.) Martin L. Vantine, commissioned September 23, 1873. Resigned. George H. Thompson, elected August 15, 1879. Resigned January 11, 1883. 170 THE AMERICAN GUARD. John P. Leo, commissioned November 25, 1882. Resigned, 1884. Andrew Zabriskie, commissioned April 30, 1885. Resigned, 1886. Present Officers. Captain, Aug. T. Francis, elected April, 1886. First Lieutenant. (Vacant.) Second Lieutenant, Hugh W. Hogan. CAPTAIN ALFRED SPEAR, COMMANDING COMPANY C, 1868-1871. The ancestors of Captain Spear were among the early settlers of New England, locating first at Quincy, Mass., from which place they subsequently removed to New York city. The paternal great-grandfather of Captain Spear was a pay master in the War of the Revolution, and the systematic and methodical habits of the former were doubtless inherited from his distinguished ancestor. Captain Alfred Spear, the subject of this sketch was bom in New York city, June 4, 1839. He attended the public school and free academy, and in 1854, at the age of fifteen, he entered the dry goods house of Burkard & Hutton, subsequently C. G. Landon & Co. He continued his connection with the firm and with their successors, covering a period of over thirty years, and is still with the latter firm. He joined the 71st Regiment as Private in Company C, May £8, 1862. He passed through the regular grades of non-commis sioned rank, and on the 28th of March, 1867, was commissioned First Lieutenant, and after one year's service he was, on July 1, 1868, commissioned Captain. He served with the regiment during the campaign of 1862, and was mustered into the U. S. service. He took part in all subse quent demonstrations including the Orange riots and Railroad riots. During his nine years service he made for himself an excellent record. Unless prevented by circumstances beyond his control, he was present at every drill, meeting, and parade of his company. He resigned July 29, 1871, and joined the Veteran Association in 1882. In 1868 he married Miss Mary Gillespie, of New York city. They have three children, viz., Harrington, Maynard, and Florence. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 171 Captain Spear is a member of St. Nicholas Lodge No. 321, F. and A. M. ; also of the benevolent order known as the Royal Arcanum. LIEUT.-COLONEL GEORGE H. THOMPSON, COMMANDING COMPANY C, 1879-1883. The ancestors of Colonel Thompson were among the earliest settlers of New England. His grandfather served in the war of 1812. Colonel Thompson was born at Great Falls, N. H., July 1, 1845. He was educated in the rudimentary branches at his native town, and afterwards took a four years' course and graduated at Berwick Academy, Maine. He then took a preparatory course for William's College, Mass., but did not enter, turning his attention to business pursuits. He subsequently took a commercial course at Eastman's Business College, and afterwards graduated from the Law School of Columbia College, New York, and was admitted to practice in 1871. In 1865 he established a commercial college in New York, known as Thompson's Commercial College, which has continued from year to year to increase in popularity and numbers. The present average number of pupils during the winter months is over two hundred. Mr. Thompson continued the practice ofhis profes sion as senior member of the firm of Thompson, Van Wyck & Bix- by for many years afterwards, and has not yet abandoned altogether his practice. During all these years he has kept up his commercial college, even while engaged at times in other business enterprises. Mr. Thompson commenced his military career while pursuing his studies at Great Falls, N. H., and acquired at that time a fair knowledge of military tactics. In 1874, while residing at Mount Vernon, N. Y., he was elected Second Lieutenant in the Twenty- seventh Regiment, N. G. S. N.. Y., his commission dating July 14, 1874, and was soon after appointed Acting Adjutant of the regi ment. In July, 1875, he was elected Captain of Company B, Twenty-seventh Regiment, and in November, 1877, was elected Lieut.-Colonel. He remained in this regiment until it disbanded in December, 1878, and was rendered supernumerary. On August 15th, 1879, he joined Company C, Seventy-first 172 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Regiment, as Captain, and by virtue of his previous rank was made Brevet Lieut.-Colonel. The company at this time had become greatly reduced in num bers, and was in a very demoralized condition. He commenced the '' weeding out" process, and, at the same time, adding to it with new recruits. With the aid of his able Lieutenants he soon restored the company to its former prestige, and within the year he brought the number up to ninety. His company won the Roosevelt Badge for recruiting the largest number of men in one year. During his administration he had the largest average attend ance of any company in the regiment. In 1879 he took a battalion into camp at New Rochelle, com posed of Companies C, E, F, and D. They remained there for eight days, and during that time good and effective work was ac complished. Ttie efficiency of company and battalion drill was greatly increased. Colonel Thompson remained with the company until January 11, 1882, when he resigned in consequence of his pressing business engagements. He was soon after elected a mem ber ofthe Veteran Association. Colonel Thompson married, in 1869, Miss Hortense Rose of New York. They have two children, viz., George and Hortense. CAPTAIN AUGUSTUS THEODORE FRANCIS, COMMANDING COMPANY C. The great-great-grandfather of Captain Francis was Tench Francis, born in Dublin, who came to this country early in the 18th century as attorney for Lord Baltimore. He married and settled iu Kent County, Md. From 1744 to 1752, he served as Attorney- General by appointment. Sir Phillip Francis, K. G. C. B., author ofthe celebrated "Junius papers," was a nephew of this man. The father of Captain Francis was born in Talbot County, Md., and re moved to New York city about 1835, and was a journalist of some note. He died when the subject of this sketch was about twelve years old. Capt. Francis was born in New York city, September 7, 1838. He was educated at the Friends Institute. He entered on his business cai-eer at the early age of fourteen as clerk in the dry goods house of Benkard & Hutton, where he remained for ten years, From 1863 to 1867, he was connected with the banking house of THE AMERICAN GUARD. 173 Jerome Riggs & Co. While there he started a friend in the stationery business, and in 1867 the business had grown to such an extent that Mr. Francis became an active partner in the business which he established, under the firm name of F. F. Taylor & Francis. He continued the business until 1873, when he sold out his interest to his partner. He engaged for some time in Wall street speculations, but was not successful. In 1875 he started a large manufacturing business, but for want of sufficient capital was obliged to give it up, and in 1881 he became connected with the large jewelry house of Theodore B. Starr. Capt. Francis has attained considerable celebrity in the National Guard, and rose rapidly from the ranks to that of a commissioned officer. His first experience was with Company C, Seventy-first Regiment, which he joined March 9, 1860. On April 20, 1861, he was mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment as Corporal. He served through the exciting three months campaign, took part in the first battle of Bull Run, and other events during that period. In May, 1862, he was appointed Sergeant by the Commandant of the Company, and subsequently was detailed by Col. Martin as Left General Guide. He participated in the campaign of 1862, being again mustered in tbe U. S. service. During this term he was appointed First Sergeant by the commandant of the company. In 1863, important business engagements prevented Mr. Francis from going to the front. He filled up the term, however, by organizing a Home Guard of about 300 men to patrol the 15th Ward, which filled the place of militia regiments sent to the front. These men were organized and drilled by Mr. Francis. He joined his regiment on its return and was stationed at High Bridge for a week duringthe draft riots. June 15, 1864, he was commissioned First Lieutenant of C. Company, and in December 11, 1866, was appointed by Col. Theo. W. Parmalee, Adjutant of the regiment. On the succession of Lieut. Col. Rockafellar as Colonel of the regiment, Lieut. Francis was re appointed Adjutant. During the spring and summer of 1870, with the assistance of Major Eunson, he succeeded in effecting the consolidation of the 37th regiment (then being disbanded) with the Seventy-first, About two hundred men were thus added to the old organization. On October 15, ,of that year, he accompanied the regiment on brigade parade at Prospect Park, Brooklyn. The regiment then had ten companies of eighteen front. During the parade Adjt. Francis' 174 THE AMERICAN GUARD. horse became frightened and ran away. Adjt. Francis was thrown and had his leg broken. He was confined to his house for about two months, and then rejoined his regiment, doing active duty with it during the Orange riots ; soon after this he made his last appear ance with the regiment, accompanying it on the excursion to Prov idence, R. I., and having purchased a place at Orange, N. J., on August 5, 1871, he resigned after serving nearly eleven years. While in office he assisted in organizing, and was one of the charter members of the Veteran Association, Seventy-first Regimen t. At the earnest solicitation of Colonel McAlpin and the unani mous request of the Veterans of the regiment, Mr. Francis was, on March 4, 1885, induced to again accept the position of Adjutant, which added greatly to the eclat of the staff and the esprit du corps of the regiment. During his military career Capt. Francis has been much in public life. He was a director in the Mercantile Library in 1865, was chairman of the Catalogue Committee that published a new and much enlarged catalogue, the first at that time published in sixteen years. He was , also one of the incorporators of the Mercantile Library. In addition to his military duties, he keeps up his con nection with several other organizations, among which are the New York Historical Society, Lafayette Post No. 140, G. A. R. ; Kane Lodge No. 454, F. and A. M. ; Regent of Hercules Council of the Royal Arcanum, etc., and the Republican Club of New York. He was an incorporator and is a life member of the National Rifle Association. On June 29, 1865, he married Anna, daughter of John C. Llovd, a prominent provision merchant of New York, formerly of Albany. Mr. Francis' wife, deceased January 7, 1885, leaving four children, Lloyd West, Eugene Mitchell, Grace and Anna. Lloyd West, the second child, is a recent recruit in Company C, the Alma Mater of his father, and promises to be a worthy successor of his honored sire. On Marcii 19, 1886, Adjutant Francis was elected Captain of Company C. by tbe members, it being the 26th anniversary of his entry into that company, and of his connection with the National Guard as private. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 175 Company D. [No records found. Data obtained from veter ans.] — Company D was organized as the fourth company of the American Rifies in 1850, with Winchester P. Moody as command ant, who, in 1852, was elected Lieut.-Colonel of the " skeleton regi ment," commanded by Col. Vosburgh. This company, apparently, existed " on paper" for the next two years, at which time David C. Meschutt took command. He was mustered into the U. S. serv ice with the company in 1861, and was in command at the battle of Bull Run. George H. Stow was First Lieutenant, and W. H. Denyse Second Lieutenant. Captain Meschutt was also in com mand during the campaign of 1862. In May, 1863, he was elected Major of the regiment, and Lieutenant Geo. W. Stow was elected Captain of the company in July, 1863, and had command during the Pennsylvania campaign and the New York draft riots. He was succeeded by Lieutenant Geo. D. Wolcott in 1864, who re mained in command until 1868, when he was elected Major of the regiment. The muster roll of 1857 showed a membership of only twenty-four. From 1863 to 1869 the average membership was fifty. In 1875 Captain W. C. Clark, of the 79th Highlanders, brought with him from that regiment eighty-nine veteran recruits. This company, under his command, has continued to prosper, and has now the largest membership of live material of any company in the regiment. This company has had but seven commandants dur ing the thirty-six years of its existence, if the following record, taken from the regimental descriptive book, is correct : Winchester P. Moody, elected 1850; elected Major 1852. David Meschutt, elected March 5, 1856; commissioned Major April 17, 1863. George W. Stow, elected July 29, 1863. Resigned November 16, 1864. George D. Wolcott, elected December 30, 1864; elected Major March 19, 1868. W. H. Benjamin, commissioned April 18, 1868. Resigned, 1870. John H. Youmans, commissioned March 29, 1870. Came from 37th Regiment. W. H. Benjamin, elected April 3, 1872. Resigned. Present Officers. Captain, Wm. C. Clarke, commissioned April 10, 1875. First Lieutenant, David H. Teets. Second Lieutenant. (Vacant.) 176 THE AMERICAN GUARD. MAJOR GEORGE H. STOW, COMMANDING COMPANY D, 1863, 1864. The earliest record of the Stow family is of two brothers who settled in Charlestown, Mass., during the seventeenth century, and after the destruction of that place by the British in 1776, removed to Middlesex County, and settled in the present town of Stow, named in honor of them. George .H. Stow was born in Medford, Mass., August 13, 1825, and removed with his parents to New York in infancy. He was educated at the public school and afterwards attended the Latin Grammar School at Worcester, Mass. His first business experience was as an errand boy in Hunt's Merchamts Magazine. His father died in 1837 and his mother married Alva Curtis in 1843. In 1845 he entered the drug store of his stepfather as clerk, and in 1850 was taken into partnership. The store was located at No. 43 Bowery. In 1860 he sold out his interest and opened a drug store in Brooklyn, where he remained until 1866. Mr. Stow became a member of the old American Rifies before its regimental organization. He joined D Company, Captain Win chester P. Moody, March 12, 1852. He received his instruction in military tactics from Colonel Tompkins, U. S. A. He was elected Second Sergeant in April, 1855, passed through the several non-commissioned grades, and on November 17, 1856, was com missioned First Lieutenant, and on June 3, 1863, was commissioned Captain. His first commission was signed by Governor Myron E. Clark, and his commission as Captain was signed by the late Gov ernor Seymour. He was mustered into the U. S. service on April 21, 1861, as First Lieutenant, and participated in the first battle of Bull Run. In his command he lost two men killed, one wounded, and one taken prisoner. He was mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment in 1862, as First Lieutenant, and again in 1863, as Captain, and served throughout both campaigns. He turned out with the regiment on every public occasion during his connection with it. He resigned in October, 1864, after a service of thirteen years in the National Guard of New York State. He jl lined the Veteran Association in 1872, and was elected THE AMERICAN GUARD. 177 Captain of Company E. In 1882 he was elected Major and served until January, 1886. In 1847 he married Miss Elizabeth Duroche, of New York. They had one child. Nelson G. A. His wife deceased in 1855, and he subsequently married Miss Anna M. Wiley, of New York. They have three children, viz., Mrs. Annie G. Whitney, Elizabeth, and Joseph H. CAPTAIN WM. H. BENJAMIN, COMMANDING COMPANY D, APRIL 7, 1868, TO OCTOBER, 1870, AND FROM MARCH 1, 1873, to januaky 22, 1873. Captain Wm. H. Benjamin was born in New York city, Sept. 26, 1842. After completing his education he entered his father's employ, continuing with him for several years. In 1869 he was appointed U. S. Inspector of Customs, and held the position for fourteen years. During this period he served on the staffs of U. S. Surveyors Gen. Geo. H. Sharpe, Gen. E. A. Merritt and the Hon. James L. Benedict. In June, 1883, he was made chief clerk of the U. S. Appraiser's Department, port of New York, under Colonel Alex. P. Ketchum, and remained until May, 1885. His military service commenced in 1862 as a member of D Company, then commanded by Captain David C. Meschutt. In 1863 he was mustered into the U. S. service with his regiment and served through the Pennsylvania campaign, returning in time to render effective service in the suppression of the draft riots in New York. He rose from the ranks to that of Orderly Sergeant, and on November 16, 1864, was commissioned First Lieutenant, serving under Captain Geo. D. Wolcott. On April 7, 1868, he was elected Captain and served until 1870. On the consolidation of the 37th Regiment with the 71st, in October, 1870, he was made super numerary, and oh March 1, 1872, was restored to active service in command of the company. On January 22, 1873, he resigned, and was honorably discharged. He was presented by Co. D with a set of Resolutions, magnificently engrossed and framed, size 3x5 feet. He became one of the early members of the Veteran Association, 71st Regiment. He is also a comrade of Reno Post No. 44, G. A. R. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, being a Past Master of Continental Lodge No. 287, F. and A. M. As a 13 178 THE AMERICAN GUARD. token of the esteem and fraternal love in which he was held by his brethren, they presented him with an elegant gold watch. He demitted from Continental, and joined Bunting Lodge, No. 655, in 1886, of which he is still a member. He is also a member of Amity Chapter, R. A. M., of New York. He married, in 1861, Maggie M., daughter of Samuel L. Post, of New York. He has four children living. CAPTAIN W. 0. CLARK, commanding company d. Capt. W. C. Clark was born in Scotland, January 7, 1841, and came to America in 1846. He joined F Company, Seventy-ninth Highlanders, N. Y. S. M., in 1859. At the breaking out of the war he was mustered into the U. S. service with his regiment and par ticipated in a number of important engagements. He was highly complimented for his gallantry on several occasions and made for himself an honorable record. He remained with his old regiment until it was mustered out of service at the close of the war. He then joined Company D, Seventy-first Regiment, and brought with him eighty-eight men of his old command. Since iiis connection with the Seventy-first he has won several medals in the Creedmoor target practice for his skill as a marksman. Company E. [No records found. Data obtained from veter ans.] — The history of this company is the most imperfect and un satisfactory of any company in the regiment. The company descrip tive book shows that it was organized in 1863, but old veterans of the regiment claim that it was represented on dress parade in 1852. It was commanded by Enoch Stephens in 1863, and by H. F. Metz ler in 1857. Edward S. Wade was mustered into the U. S. service as Captain of the company in 1861, with First Lieutenant Thomas B. Pendergast and Second Lieutenant E. K. Fairchild. In 1857 it numbered twenty-five members. From 1863 to 1869 the average number was about sixty. The company was disbanded in 1880. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 179 During the twenty-seven years of its existence it had ten com manders, as follows : Enoch Stevens, elected August 35, 1853. H. F. Metzler, elected June 15, 1857. Edward S. Wade, 1861. F. E. Worcester, elected March 13, 1863. Orlando P. Smith, elected July 31, 1865. Resigned January 13, 1866. James S. Turner, commissioned December 30, 1869. Resigned. James S. Foy, commissioned May 22, 1876. Failed to qualify. Edwin H. Imlay, elected July 17, 1876. Discharged February 15, 1877, expi ration service. Edward J. Murfin, commissioned October 17, 1877. Resigned January, 1879. Disbanded 1880. Company F. [Partial records found. Data obtained mostly from veterans.] — It is asserted by old veterans of the regiment, that when Colonel Vosburgh assumed command in 1852 there were eight companies. The records of Company H show that Captain Asa F. Miller was transferred from Company F to Company H April 1, 1866. It is evident from this fact that Company F existed for some time previous, probably as early as 1852, and that it dis banded in the spring of 1856, the remnant of the company being transferred to Company H. The following is the earliest written or printed record that can be found of this organization : " Order No. 1. New York, August 25, 1856. " The members of this company are hereby notified that the regular company drills will commence on Saturday evening, 30th instant, at eight o'clock, at the rooms of Captain Tompkins over Centre Market, Grand and Centre streets, entrance on Centre street, and continue every Saturday evening until further notice. "G. W. B. Tompkins." Captain Tompkins was succeeded in 1858 by Captain G. W. Wheeler. In the campaign of 1801 and at the battle of Bull Run the company was commanded by Julius L. Ellis, with First Lieu tenant Thomas A. Murphy and Second Lieutenant Eugene Thorne. Captain Ellis was wounded at the battle of Bull Run, and died of his wound soon after his return home. The company numbered, in 1857, 30, in 1859, G2. From 1863 to 1869 the average was 180 THE AMERICAN GUARD. about 50. The following is a list of the commandants from 1856 to 1886, a period of thirty years : Asa F. Miller (see records Co. H), 1852. Transferred to Co. H April 1, 1856. G. W. Tompkins, 1856. Resigned, 1857. G. W. Wheeler, elected January 1, 1858. Resigned, 1860. Julius L. Ellis, elected April 20, 1861. Wounded at Bull Run ; died of his wounds. J. W. Dominick, elected January 28, 1862. Resigned. J. Morehead, elected March 14, 1864. Resigned December 27, 1864. Ed. Prime, elected June 20, 1865. Resigned February 20, 1866. Eugene S. Eunson, elected July 16, 1866. Elected Major November, 1869. Chas. H. Leland, oomrnissioned April 9, 1869, 37th Regiment. Resigned Feb ruary 19, 1873. Theodore V. Smith, commissioned September, 1873, Resigned, 1877. William Milne, Jr., commissioned September 10, 1877. Discharged April 29, 1878, expiration service. John F. Cowan, commissioned December 13, 1880. Resigned September 1, 1883. Present Officers. Captain, Thomas A. McBain, commissioned September 7, 1884. First Lieutenant (vacant). Second Lieutenant, George Bruce Gillie. BVT. MAJOR THEODORE V. SMITH, commanding company I, 1871-1873; company f, 1873-1877. The maternal great-grandfather of Mr. Smith was a Colonel in the War of the Revolution, and his maternal grandfather was in the war of 1812. The father of Mr. Smith established one of the most important industries in this country, viz., the art of japanning. Theodore V. Smith was bom in Middletown, Conn, April 12, 1845. His education was received at the public school and at Pro fessor Chase's Seminary, one of the best schools in the State. At the age of sixteen Mr. Smith came to New York and entered a mercantile house as clerk. He was afterwards associated with his father in the business of japanning, and the manufacture and sale of japanned goods, principally stationers' goods. Since his father's death the business is carried on by him and his three broth ers and others, under the firm name of "The J. O. Smith Manufac turing Company." Their manufactory is in Middletown, and their salesroom in New York. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 181 In October, 1863, Mr. Smith joined I Company, 71st Regiment as private. He was mustered into the U. S. service about the same time, but remained in the service of the State, doing guard duty in the city. In 1865 he was elected Sergeant, and after passing through the different non-commissioned grades he was commissioned Second Lieutenant April 13, 1868, and was promoted First Lieutenant July 6, 1870, and commissioned Captain of I Company, March 21, 1871. In September, 1873, he was transferred to the command of F Com pany. In 1871 he was presented with the State medal for seven years continuous service, without being absent from roll call or any meet ing of his company. In 1877 he resigned and was brevetted Major, for " five years service in one rank," but he actually served six years. He took part with his regiment in the suppression of the Orange riots in 1871, and later in the Railroad riots, and all other public demonstrations when the regiment was called into service. He was one of the charter members of the Yeteran Association and was elected a member of the Old Guard in 1875. He is also a member of St. Nicholas Lodge No. 321, F. and A. M. of New York, of Jerusalem Chapter R. A. M., and Columbian Commandery No. 1, all of New York city. Of other benevolent associations he is connected with the Knights of Honor and Ameri can Legion of Honor. In 1868 he married Miss Imogene Adee, of New York city. They have two children, viz., Mabel and Elmer. During his connection with the regiment Captain Smith en joyed a marked degree of popularity among his comrades, and re signed with many regrets. Company G. [No records found. Data obtained from vet erans.] — The earliest records found of Company G are the entries on the Descriptive Book of the regiment, which shows that A. P. Kennan was elected Captain March 9, 1857. The daily record of this company, kept by Sergeant J. T. Woolsey during the campaign of 1861, forms one of the most interesting chapters of that period of the war ever written. The records of this company contain a complete history of the regiment during that time. The following 182 THE AMERICAN GUARD. is a list of the officers and privates who responded to roll call on July 16, when the regiment marched out of the Navy Yard on their way to the battle field of Bull Run : Captain — Wm. S. Dun ham ; 1st Lieutenant — Geo. W. Curtis ; 2d Lieutenant, Henry W. Turner ; 1st Sergeant — Jas. C. Stevenson ; 2d Sergeant — Jas. T. Woolsey; 3d Sergeant — Abram Tallman; 4th Sergeant — John J. Post ; 6th Sergeant — W. H. Cole ; Corporals — Geo. W. Dunham, Wm. H. Romaine, M. H. Leman, Henry K. White ; Drummers — 11. W. Maynard, Ed. F. Terhune ; Primates — Joshua G. Abbe, Edward Adams, Brigham E. Allen, Robert Andrews, Charles Adams, James Bambrick, J. W. Baughman, John J. Brown, Na than C. Bull, George A. Bullmer, Geo. T. Burroughs, Edwin Coe, Geo. W. Cooper, Cornelius A. Cooper, J. R. Carpenter, Wm. H. Cohen, S. A. Cunningham, Thos. C. Deasy, C. A. Dickin son, Geo. F. Doak, Cornelius Dugan, Urelma Duncan, John S. Durand, Andrew D. Elliott, John Ferdon, Thaddeus C. Ferris, Fred. Gilbert, Daniel J. Greenough, Abm. Goetschins, Robert H. Hars, J. M. Hagedorn, John W. Hayes, John Hewlett, E. A. Hinchman, Wm. B. Hunt, Chas. H. La Forest, Thos. J. Lockwood, Henry W. Lyon, Edwd. Mandeville, John B. Marrett, Thos. L. Maxwell, Thos. McNamara, Martin Mclntyre, Francis C. Morris, Ed. P. Mount, Thomas Noxon, John O'Brinder, John O'Neill, Chas. H. Page, James Price, Wm. H. Racy, Michael K. Reilly, Chas. Roth,'Joseph B. Rutler, John Ryan, Aaron W. Schaffer, Ren- son Sherwood, George Schultz, John B. Smith, Wm. P. Sleight, John Stuart, Thomas Taylor, F. J. Teffer, Enoch Tompkins, James Todd, Daniel Tyrrell, W. H. H. Van Houten, Rollin H. Wade, Abrm. L. Webber, Geo. T. Willis, A. H. Williamson, F. W. Whit temore, Sidney Yeomans — Total, 94. The following is a Hst of the commandants from 1857 to 1885 : A. P. Kinnan, elected March 9, 1857. Resigned July 27, 1860. W. S. Dunham, elected January 20, 1862. Resigned. G. W. Curtis, elected December 30, 1862. Resigned November 7, 1863. R. R. Hunt, elected December 17, 1865. Resigned May 29, 1866. A. L. Webber, elected August 29, 1866. Discharged November 10, 1879, ex piration service. Samuel G. Blakeley, elected August 25, 1880. Discharged December 19, 1883, expiration service. Samuel G. Blakeley, elected June 16, 1885. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 183 CAPT. R. R. HUNT, commanding company 6, 1863-1866. Captain Hunt is a native of New York city, where he was born October 6, 1840. In 1861 he joined G Company, Seventy- First Regiment. Was elected Corporal the same year; 2d Lieut. 1862, and in the fall of 1863 was elected Captain. Served in the campaign of 1862-3. During the draft riots in New York in the summer of 1863, he had command of a detachment at High Bridge. He resigned in 1868. LIEUT.-COLONEL ABRAM L. WEBBER, COMMANDING COMPANY G, 1866 TO 1879. Next to Captain See of Company H, Captain Webber, at the time of his resignation, was the oldest commandant in the 7 1st, having served over thirteen years as Captain of Company G. Captain Abram L. Webber was born in New York city, July 4, 1835. He enlisted in Company G, 71st Regiment, April 19, 1861, for the three months service under the first call of President Lincoln for volunteers. He was mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment, and participated in the first battle of Bull Run. At the expiration of his term of service he continued with the regiment. After three months' service he was appointed Sergeant. He served with the regiment in the campaign of 1862, being again mus tered into the U. S. service. In January, 1864, he was elected First Sergeant ; in June, 1865, was elected Second Lieutenant, and on August 29, 1866, was elected Captain, serving in that capacity until his discharge in October, 1879, his whole term of service extending over a period of eighteen years. He participated in the suppression of the Orange riot, and accompanied the regiment on the excursion to Summerfield, N. J., Bridgeport, Conn., and on both excursions to Providence, R. I., having command of his company on all these occasions. He was on duty for a week during the Railroad riots in 1877. His record as an officer of the 71st Regiment was unsurpassed, and he took part in all demonstrations during his term of service. In December, 1879, he was elected Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sth 184 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., which position he held until the regi ment disbanded in 1 882, his whole term of service in the National Guard amounting to twenty-one years. During his whole term of service he never missed a drill, and only missed one parade. This was owing to a death in his family. By this misfortune he lost the State gold medal, to which he would have been entitled. Company H. [The data for the history of this company was furnished by Captain Amos L. See, who commanded it for thirteen years.] — Company H, "American Rifles," was organized on May 24, 1862. The first meeting was held at Union Hall, comer of Avenue C and 4th street. The officers elected at that time were : Captain — J. F. Woodward ; 1st Lieutenant and Treasurer — Wash ington I. Moore ; 2d Lieutenant — Michael Wolston ; 1st Sergeant — A. N. Radcliff ; 3d Sergeant — Chas. Humphreys ; Corporal — Elliott C. Averell. On July 6, 1854, Thos. A. Glover was elected Captain ; in August following four Sergeants were elected. A Constitution and By-laws were adopted and printed the same month. At a meeting held September 7, 1854, a resolution was adopted requir ing dues and fines to be paid in gold and silver. [There was a great deal of " wild-cat" money in circulation at that time. — Ed.] In September of that year the company moved to 361 Broome street. In May, 1855, they moved to the Armory, corner of Centre and Grand streets. In the spring of 1856 Captain Glover resigned and was made an honorary member. Company F was probably dis banded about this time and consolidated with Company H, as Captain Asa F. Miller was transferred from the former to the latter. Company H was reorganized at this time and new officers elected. On May 19, 1857, the company held its first street drill parade, with a miniature drum corps consisting of four small drums and two fifes. On October 13 of that year the company had a " big parade" in Brooklyn. On November 9, 1867, the company •,v.is presented with a handsome flag. On November 9, 1858, the company, by a vote, declined to ask pay for services during the Dead Rabbit riot. On April 28, 1859, the separate company joined in the Brooldyn parade at the celebration of the completion of the THE AMERICAN GUARD. 185 Brooklyn water-works. The company formed iu three platoons, numbering 80 men with 8 drummers ; received on their return by Company A, 14th Regiment. On June 7, 1859, Washington I. Moore resigned and was elected an honorary member. In Novem ber, 1869, this company won the State (gold) medal for recruiting the largest number of men. [The medal was lost by Captain Jor dan on the New Orleans trip in 1881.] In the campaign of 1861 the following officers were mustered into the U. S. service and took an active part in all the engage ments during the three months : Captain — Asa F. Miller ; 1st Lieutenant — Andrew H. Embler; 2d Lieutenant — George W. Underwood. At the battle of Bull Run this company was first in line, and 1st Sergeant Amos L. See (afterwards Captain) was the pivot on which the whole regiment wheeled into line of battle. Captain H. W. Turner commanded the company in the campaigns of 1862-3. During the thirty-four years of its existence the com pany has been represented in every event with which the regiment has been connected. The following is the list of commandants from 1852 to 1886 : J. F. Woodward, elected, 1853. Resigned, 1854. Thomas A. Glover, elected, 1854. Resigned March, 1856. Asa F. Miller, elected March 5, 1856. Resigned August, 1861. A. H Embler, elected December 7, 1861. Resigned, 1862. H. W. Tumer, elected January 20, 1862. Resigned September 20, 1865. Amos L. See, elected February 20, 1 866. Honorably discharged January 15, 1879, expiration of service. Frank S. Belton, elected March 4, 1879. Resigned July 21, 1881. Frank H. Jordan, elected August 9, 1881. Discharged September, 1885. Present Officers. Captain, A. P. Deleambre, elected October 6, 1885. First.Lieutenant, Alfred C. Jefferson. Second Lieutenant (vacant). BREVET MAJOR AMOS L. SEE, COMMANDING COMPANY H, FROM 1863 TO 1869. Though not far advanced in years, Capt. See is the oldest vet eran officer of the regiment, his personal history being identified with that of Company H almost from the date of its organization. Capt. See was born in Westchester Co., New York State, Octo- 186 THE AMERICAN GUARD. ber 14, 1836. His paternal and maternal grandfather both fought in the War of 1812. After receiving a fair education at the public school, he entered the dry goods business as clerk, serving in this capacity for several years. In 1864 he became associated with his father in the manufacture of shovels, at 1366 Broadway. This is said to be the only manufactory of the kind in the State. Al though he has always been strictly attentive to his business, it did not prevent him from doing his duty to his State and country. In 1856 he joined H Company (commanded by Capt. Asa F. Miller), 71st Regiment (commanded by Colonel Vosburgh).. In 1858 he was promoted 4th Sergeant ; 1860, 3d and 2d ; April, 1861, 1st Sergeant ; and after passing through the several non-commis sioned grades, he was, on Jan. 2, 1863, commissioned Second Lieu tenant, and on Aug. 26, 1863, was promoted First Lieutenant. During the campaign of 1863, and for two years following, he was in command of Company H. In Nov. 1805, he was elected Captain and served in this capacity to 1879, covering a period of sixteen years ; longer, probably, than any Captain ever connected with the regi ment. He was breveted Major for ten years' service as commis sioned officer. He took part in the " Sepoy War " and the Dead Rabbit riot, and was mustered into the U. S. service with his regi ment in April, 1861. He participated in the first battle of Bull Run as 1st Sergeant, and commanded the company on the retreat. He was in the campaign of 1862, and in 1863 he went out as First Lieutenant, commanding the company, Capt. Turner, after being dis abled by a severe kick from a horse, having returned to New York. He had command of his company during the Orange riots of 1871 and the Railroad riots of 1877. During his term of service he was present with his company at every parade, drill, meeting, &c., and accompanied the regiment on all its excursions. He was awarded the State Medal for seven years' service without being absent from drill or parade. He resigned in 1879. Was one of the charter- members of the Veteran Association. In 1861 he married Miss Laura A. Garnier, a descendant of an old French Huguenot family of New Orleans. They have three living children, viz., Edgar Garnier, Lydia and William Gedney. Capt. See is a member of Chancellor Walworth Lodge No. 271, F. and A. M., Palestine Chapter R. A. M., Columbian Comman dery, No. 1 ; has passed through the several masonic degrees under the York rite to the 32d degree; also Mecca Temple, Mystic Shrine. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 187 He is connected with the Jane street M. E. Church, in which he has served as Chorister for twenty-five years. Both in the service of Church and State he has fairly earned the title of VETERAN. Capt. See, commanding Company H, accompanied the 71st Bat talion (composed of Companies B and H) to Boston, in July, 1865. The Battalion was commanded by Capt. A. M. Underhill, with Capt. Geo. D. Wolcott, of Company D, as Paymaster. The por traits of these three officers appear in a group, facing the account of this excursion. CAPTAIN ALFRED P. DELCAMBRE, COMMANDING COMPANY H. Captain Delcambre comes of a distinguished French military family. His father served in the Crimean War as a Colonel in the French Army, under Napoleon III, and was severely wounded at the battle of Sebastapol and left for dead on the field. Previous to this, in 1848, Colonel Delcambre became a resident of Baltimore, Md., where he married an American lady and sometime afterwards returned to France. After the close of the Crimean War, Colonel Delcambre returned to this country and settled first in Baltimore, where he remained until 1864, and then removed to New York. In 1866 he went to Paris for the benefit of his health', but died and was buried there. Captain Alfred P. Delcambre, the son, and the subject of this sketch, was born in Dublin, Ireland, during a temporary residence of his parents at that place. His early life was spent in New York city, where he was educated in the rudimentary branches. In 1864 he was sent to Paris to complete his education at the College Francois. He remained abroad for about two years, and on his return resided for a time with an aunt at New Haven, Conn. While there he joined C Company, 2d Regiment, N. G. S. C. He paraded with the com pany at General Grant's inauguration. He served for about four years, and resigned in September, 1873, on his removal to New York. On May 7, 1876, he joined Company G, 8tli Regiment, N. G. S. N..Y., and on August 16, 1882, was elected Second Lieu tenant; in October, 1882, he was elected First Lieutenant of Com- 1S8 THE AMERICAN GUARD. pany I, same regiment. He was honorably discharged October ¦29, 1886. He was elected First Lieutenant of B Company, 71st Regiment, June 15, 1885, and on May 6, 1885, was elected Captain of Com pany H. FIRST LIEUT. ALFRED JEFFERSON., company h. Lieut. Alfred Jefferson is a native of New York city, born October 13, 1857, educated at the public school, and received a commercial education at Packard's Business College. He attended Columbia Law School in 1875-6, and was for tive years in the office of Judge O'Gorman of New York city. He was admitted to practice in 1876. In 1883, he joined his brother in the manufac ture of decorative paper hangings. He joined the Seventy-first Regiment December 5, 1877, as private in Company K. In April 7, 1880, he was elected Corporal ; after six years service he was honorably discharged. In Sept. 14, 1882, he was elected Second Lieutenant of Company C Eighth Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., and on Jan. 28, 1884, was commissioned Captain. On Dec. 25, 1885, he resigned, and on Jan. 5, 1886, was elected First Lieutenant of Company H Seventy-first Regiment. He is ambitious, earnest and enthusiastic, and has a bright future before him. Firm and exact ing while on duty he is a genial companion and enjoys the confidence and esteem of his men. In 1883 he married Emma Meffert of New York city ; he has one child, Alfred, Jr. Company I. — The history of Company I from 1862 to 1886, was prepared by Captain L. Frank Barry, the present commandant. The original company was organized in 1859, but no records containing the particulars of the organization have been found. It was commanded by Seymour A. Bunce, who was elected June 25, 1869. It numbered 36 members. The company was disbanded just before the war. In April, 1861, when the regiment filled its quota under the call of President Lincoln for volunteers, the Newburg Separate Company, under the command of Capt. Aug. V. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 189 H. Ellis, joined the 7l8t, and took the vacant letter I. It was mus tered into the U. S. service with the following commissioned officers : Captain, Aug. V. H. Ellis ; 1st Lieutenant, B. F. Chamberlain ; 2id Lieutenant, G. W. Hawkins. Captain Ellis was shot through the foot at the Battle of Bull Run, and subsequently died of his wounds. At the close of the campaign of 1861 this company was withdrawn from the regiment, and the letter I remained vacant until the fall of 1862. History of the present Company I. — By L. Frank Ba/n^y. — The present Company I, 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., was or ganized in October, 1862, the company letter having been vacant for some time previously. Its first officers were : Captain, George I. Tyson ; First Lieutenant, George Seibold ; and Second Lieuten ant, A. B. DeGroff. Captain Tyson remained with the company he so successfully organized until 1868, when the increasing de mands of his business compelled him to resign. First Lieutenant Seibold resigned in August, 1863. Second Lieutenant A. B. DeGroff, though of noble and courageous disposition, was not physically constituted to withstand the hardships, exposure, and fatigue of an active soldier's life, and, during the severe campaign of 1863, contracted a cold which quickly developed into that dreaded disease consumption, which eventually eaused his death in 1864, after months of suffering. First Sergeant Henry H. Tyson (a brother of the Captain) succeeded Seibold as First Lieutenant, and Wm. A. Elmer succeeded DeGroff as Second Lieutenant. Captain Tyson was succeeded by Captain Joseph A. Wise, and Lieutenant Tyson resigning, was succeeded by Second Lieutenant Elmer, whose position was filled by the election of Theodore V. Smith. Captain Wise only remained with the company a short time, and was succeeded by Captain Gerard Betts, who resigned very shortly after receiving his commission, if the writer is not mistaken, never having paraded with the company. After Lieu tenant Elmer resigned. Second Lieutenant T. V. Smith was in command, and shortly after elected Captain, from which position he was elected to the command of Company F, and transferred to that company. At this period the company was left destitute of officers for the first and only time in its history. Lieutenant A. W. Belknap, of Company F, was shortly after elected to the com mand of Company I in 1873, and managed its affairs with great ability and success until December, 1884, when, on his own appli cation, he was placed on the supernumerary list, and was succeeded 190 THE AMERICAN GUARD. on January 7, 1886, by the present Captain. The Lieutenants in their order, from 1873 until the present time, were as follows : First Lieutenants, Griffith, Samuel Perry, W. D. Shedon, M. B. Spaulding, L. T. Montgomery, J. Harvey Connell, William M. Leggett, L. F. Barry, and Philip S. Tilden. Second Lieutenants^ F. W. Cobell, W. D. Shedon, L. T. Montgomery, J. Harvey Connell, Wm. M. Reggett, L. F. Barry, Philip S. Tilden, and Maurice D. Geery. In the history of the company the first notable event was the participation of the company with the regiment in the campaign of 1863. The company left the old Centre Market Armory at midnight of Sunday, June 14th, 1863, 78 men strong, and with the regiment formed on Broome street, right resting on Broadway, were wheeled into column of companies, and marched down Broadway to Pier 1, North River, where they took a steamer to Elizabethport, and from there were put in cattle cars and started en route for Harrisburg, and moved thence across the Susquehanna — the regiment being brigaded with the Eighth New York, Col. Varian, of the Eighth, assuming command. At 10.30 a. m. of the following day the brigade was ordered to proceed to Chambersburg, for the purpose of checking the advance of the enemy, should he appear — the purpose being, to gain time to finish the defense of Har risburg and enable the Pennsylvania farmers to run off their stock. The enemy advancing in force, the command was ordered to fall back slowly. Before thus falling back the regiment had been under fire from shell from the strong and rapidly advancing enemy, and the retreat was made coolly and at common time. The men had the satisfaction of learning through Col. Yarian, that Maj.-Gen. Couch had expressed to him his gratification that the Eighth and Seventy-first had accomplished everything they had been sent to do, and that what they had performed was one of the most success ful exploits he had ever seen accomplished, taking into considera tion the little force engaged in it; namely, advancing fifty-two miles beyond all defenses and support in case of an attack ; holding the enemy in check for a period of six days, and thus making the rebel raid a profitless foraging expedition. When orders were received at Chambersburg to fall back to Carlisle, the right wing of the Seventy-first, together with the Eighth Regiment, were holding one road, and the left wing was stationed on another road about half a mile distant. Through somebody's error, when the right wing and the Eighth Regiment THE AMERICAN GUARD. 191 had boarded the train sent to carry back the Seventy-first, the train was started, and the left wing (in wliijh was Company I) was left behind at Chambersburg. Major Meschutt was in command. He called a council of his officers, and it was agreed to leave it to the vote of the men whether they should take possession of the court house and fortify it tiie best they could, and make a stand, which, they were assured, meant either death or captivity, or should retreat — in which latter case they were told it was a mere chance whether they should be enabled to proceed very far before being captured by the now rapidly approaching enemy. The boys of Company I voted to a man to stay, and from the subdued cheering along the line, which was promptly hushed by the officers, it was evident that the entire rank and file of the wing were of one voice. It was finally decided, however, by the officers, to fall back ; and, with orders given to be as silent and make the least noise possible, the line of march was taken up, leaving Chambersburg about 9 p. m. They reached Shippensburg, about twelve miles, at six o'clock in the morning, and halted for a rest, the boys lay right down in the road where they stopped and went to sleep. After resting an hour or two they took up the march again for Carlisle, some twenty- two miles distant, but had not gone over three or four miles when orders were received to return to Shippensburg and a train would be sent there for them. Col. Trafford, when he missed his left wing, had been scouring the country all night looking for it, and met it at Shippensburg in the morning. The Seventy-first threw up intrenchments just outside of Car lisle, and waited until the enemy appeared, and M-as then ordered to fall back to Mechanicsburg. which it reached in the middle of the night in a drenching rain, and took possession of a small church. That afternoon Company I was ordered out some two or three miles in advance, and took up a position in a lane at a place called Oyster Point, and were deployed as skirmishers. Here they were in view of the enemy's outposts, and were engaged in firing back and forth through the afternoon. Just back of their skirmish line was a farm house which had evidently been deserted in a hurry on the approach of the enemy. The Captain sent a detachment of men there early the next morning to see if anything was left to eat. They found a pig, numerous chickens, part of a barrel of flour, and several jars of apple butter. In a comparatively short time every thing was cooked, and word was sent to the Captain to send back 192 THE AMERICAN GUARD. the first squad for breakfast. In the meantime the shells were bursting all around them, the enemy having begun to shell them soon after daylight, and they were all lying prone behind a fence, skirmish distance apart, when all of a sudden a volley was fired from the rear, but the bullets fell harmlessly around them. The Captain crawled back to reconnoitre, and while gone the enemy rose up in their front, having crept up through a wheat field, and being supplied with breech-loading carbines, fired two or three vol leys before they recovered their surprise, and then came running toward them yelling like wild Indians. Company I fired with their muzzle-loaders, and it seemed to occur to most of them that some body wanted to see thein in the rear, and very few stopped to re load, but made a little better than double time in the opposite direc tion. The way the bullets whistled past their ears on that retreat was a caution. Not a thousand yards back they met a Pennsylvania regiment, which had been sent out to reinforce them, and it was they who had mistaken Company I for the enemy and given it a volley from the rear. They quickly rallied and charged on the enemy and drove them back, but alas, of their poor breakfast, the Johnny Rebs had not even left a bone. The next 'day they took up the march, going to Carlisle, from there to Papertown and through the south pass in the mountain, passing fields where battles had been fought and victories won, in many places the air being most foul from the stench arising from decaying carcasses of horses, the ground strewn with muskets, sabres, and other implements of war, some of which were picked up by the boys in hopes of a chance arising when they might send them home as mementoes. When they reached Waynesboro' they halted for two or three days during the battle of Gettysburg, being held in reserve and remaining in line of battle day and night, ready to inarch at a moment's notice if needed. From here the Seventy-first Regi ment, with the Twenty-third, of Brooklyn, were sent toward Hagerstown, and then returned to Waynesboro', and from there were sent to Boonsboro'. Very little of interest to the company transpired during the remainder of the campaign, until on the 15th of July it was ordered to New York on account of the draft riots. Orders were received from General Smith to turn homeward, and relieving the regiment from further duty with the Army of the Potomac, it was marched thirty-five miles to Frederick City, General Ewen assuming com- CAPT. GEORGE J. TYSON. Cam'd'g, CDinpany I, 1882-1882, ARTOTYPE. e. BIERSTADT, f THE AMERICAN GUARD. 193 mand of all New York State troops. On July 18th the regiment arrived in New York, and remained on duty. Company I being de tailed to Harlem, and after being mustered out of United States service was kept on duty for State service for nearly a month. In 1864, the Company suffered the loss by death of Second Lieutenant A. B. DeGroff, and paraded as a funeral escort, and in 1870 was again called tb mourn the loss of Private Frank Wallace, whose remains were temporarily placed in a receiving vault of Trinity cemetery, and the following Spring a detachment of eleven men, consisting of Lieutenant T. V. Smith, Sergeants Richard Wheeler and Geo. I. Peek, Privates C. A. DuMoulin, Jr., George W. Vreeland, Gus. Taylor, John Simpson, Jr., L. Frank Barry, John W. McDougall (now First Lieutenant in Seventh Regiment), Edward Phillips, and Joseph W. Richardson, escorted the remains to Fairmount Cemetery, Baltimore, Md. In all the excursions of the regiment at different periods, Com pany I was ever ready and foremost to participate, including the trips to Providence, Rocky Point, Oakland Beach, New Haven, Philadelphia, and New Orleans. At all calls for duty Company I was always ready to respond, being on guard at Centre Market Armory when trouble was feared during the election of the fall of 1865, with the regiment on guard at Elm Park during Orange Riots of 1871 ; with the regiment when selected by the authorities for the post of danger in the great railroad strikes of 1877 ; and were again ready when trouble was feared from the Communist mass meeting in Tompkins Square in 1880. The Company at the present time is in fully as prosperous a condition as during any period in its history. It has seventy-one men on the rolls, all active, the old dead wood having been weeded out, over fifty of whom have been enlisted within one year. Present Officers. Captain, L. Frank Barry, elected January 7, 1885. Pirst Lieutenant, Robert A. Serrell. Second Lieutenant, Morris W. Gary. CAPTAIN GEORGE I. TYSON, FIRST COMMANDANT OF COMPANT I. The record of Captain Tyson presents one of the most remark able cases of American pluck and perseverance found in the annals 13 194 THE AMERICAN GUARD. of the Empire City. Left a fatherless (orphan at the age of eleven years, with a mother and five brothers and sisters dependent on the exertions of himself and his elder brother, he commenced life as a poor newsboy on the streets of New York, and pushed his way up step by step until he became not only the most enterprising, but one of the largest if not the largest dealer of newspapers in the world. The New York Telegram was started by James Gordon Bennett at Mr. Tyson's suggestion, and placed upon the market through Mr. Tyson's efforts. The latter's father was a large real estate dealer, and at one time owned several acres in the heart of Newark, N. J., but, dur ing the great panic of 1837, he was unable to hold it and lost every thing; he died nine years later, leaving a wife and five children. George I. Tyson, the second child, was born in New York city, August 30, 1835. He had hardly time to obtain a knowledge of the rudimentary branches of education before he was compelled to strike out for himself and help support the family left dependent on him and his elder brother, Henry. He first worked up a news paper route, and when he was but fifteen years of age he opened a stand on the corner of Sixth Avenue and Ninth street, which was then considered up town. While other boys ofhis age were enjoy ing their sweet morning rest he was up at 3 o'clock in the morning serving his numerous customers. He subsequently bought a news paper route for which he paid $100, and sold it for $250, and then bought a better one for $100. In 1859 he opened a stationery store at No. 25 Eighth avenue. At this time he had saved up $1,000 in cash and concluded to take a life partner, which he did on April 8 of that year, in the person of Miss Cassie E. Guernsey of New York. Four children was born to them, two of whom have " crossed the dark river ;" the others are still living. From this time forth dame fortune continued to smile upon the enterprising newsboy. He continued his store and worked up his newspaper route, which he sold within two years after he started it for $700. He then bought another in the Fifteenth Ward for $750. He increased this until he had 3,000 subscribers. He sold his store on Eighth avenue, and the same year opened the newstand in the Fifth Avenue Hotel. He subsequently started in tho wholesale newspaper business at 45 Ann street, and soon built up a large trade. In 1866 he removed to 21 and 23 Ann street, and formed a copartnership with James Gordon Bennett, Jr., under the firm name of'Tyson & Co. This continued for two years, when he THE AMERICAN GUARD. 195 bought out his partner's interest. About this time he suggested to Bennett the expediency of starting an evening paper. Acting on this suggestion Bennett soon after started the Evening Telegram, which Mr. Tyson himself introduced — at first by giving away two or three editions, and then sending it out as a penny paper, which was afterwards increased in price to two cents. The circulation now exceeds 90,000, yielding a net income of over $50,000. Its early success was due largely to the efforts of Mr. Tyson. In 1868 Mr. Tyson formed a copartnership with Thomas W. Timpson and Stephen Farrelly and organized the National News Company of which Mr. Tyson was elected president. The com pany was subsequently consolidated with the American News Com pany in which Mr. Tyson has been for several years a director and large owner. He at present owns the newstand of twelve ofthe largest hotels in the city. About 1860 he started the theatre ticket in connec tion with his other business. This has grown to an enormous ex tent, and Capt. Tyson has frequently on hand upwards of $20,000 worth of tickets. During the special attractions he frequently pur chases the whole house. Nearly every theatrical manager in the city has been at times under heavy pecuniary obligations to him. From the time he started as a poor newsboy in 1846 he has met with unvarying success, and has never failed to meet his obligations. His unswerving integrity combined with a large share of the milk- of-human*kindness have made him hosts of friends. These qualities, together with bis remarkable executive ability, are the secrets of his success. He has at present associated with him, his son, George G., and his son-in-law, Wm. A. Hamilton. When Mr. Tyson entered upon his military career, it was with the same zeal and enthusiasm that characterized bis business life. He joined the 71st Regiment under Colonel Yosburgh, February 21, 1856, as private in Company H, then commanded by Captain Asa F. Miller. While serving as private in H Company he commanded three separate military organizations, viz., the Shaw Guard, Henry Irving Guard, and the Ninth Ward Battalion. He was made Cor poral of H Company, 71st Regiment, in 1857. He partici])ated the same year in the suppression of the " Sepoy War " and the Dead Rabbit riot. At the breaking out of the war in 1861 he left his immense business in the hands of his subordinates and went with the regi ment to the front. Finding soon after that he was suffering heavy 196 THE AMERICAN GUARD. losses from the pilfering of his employees he obtained leave to return home, but rendered efficient service to his country in other ways. On December 17, 1861, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant of Company H, and as such, served with the regiment in the cam paign of 1862. Company I was organized about this time, and Mr. Tyson was unanimously elected to the command, his commis sion dating from October 18, 1862. In 1863 he participated with the regiment in the Pennsylvania campaign, and on his return took an important part in the suppres sion of the draft riots. His company was selected by Chief of Police Kelso, to accompany the police into the worst and most dan gerous district in the city. His, with two other companies, were for three or four days stationed at Harlem, under the command of Captain Tyson, who at that time was Second Captain in rank. Captain Tyson resigned, October 4, 1867. During his term of service he never missed but one drill, and while under his com mand Company I was considered the best drilled company in the regiment. While on duty he was a strict disciplinarian, and in sisted on implicit obedience of orders, but when off duty he was the whole souled genial companion, the friend of all, yet never for getting the respect due to his rank. Captain Tyson was one of the earliest members of the Veteran Association in which he has always taken an active interest. He is also a member of Charter Oak Lodge No. 249, F. and A. M. GAPT. LYMAN FRANK BARRY, COMMANDING COMPANY I. The Quaker ancestors of Capt. Barry were of peaceful proclivi ties, and yet his grandfather, Samuel S. Barry, fought in the war of 1812. On his mother's side, Capt. Barry descended from the Hotchkiss family of Connecticut. His father, Dr. Robert A. Barry, was quite a prominent physician in New York city. He served in the State National Guard as Surgeon of the 6th Regiment, and Brigade-Surgeon on the Staff" of the late General Louis Burger, and was rendered supernumerary on the death of that officer. In 1862 Dr. Barry was placed in charge of a corps of physicians by the Sanitary Commission, and sent to the front on the transport Daniel Webster to bring back a load of sick and wounded, and while there THE AMERICAN GUARD. 197 participated in the Seven Days' Fight of the Wilderness under General McClellan. Capt. Barry, the subject of this sketch, was born in New York city, November 8th, 1845. He received a liberal education at the public schools of the city, and was afterwards sent to boarding school. He was but a lad of seventeen, youthful in appearance, when he enlisted in Company I, 71st Regiment, for active service in the field. This was on the 4th of February, 1863. He was mus tered into the United States Service in June, 1863, and remained on duty with his regiment during its service in the field and during the draft riots in New York. In May, 1865, he was promoted' Corporal. On April 15th, 1872, he was honorably discharged after nine years' service. Ten years later he was again induced to join his old Company (I), and on March 10th, 1882, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant. July 21st, 1884, he was commissioned First Lieutenant, and, January 7th, 1885, was commissioned Captain of Company I. He at present holds the rank of Third Senior Captain of his regiment. He participated in the Orange riot of 1871, rendering efficient service during that eventful period. In 1880 he was elected a member of the Yeteran Association, being then but thirty-five years of age. He served one year as Second Lieutenant of Company C. He is at present a member of Geo. B. McCleUan Post No. 552, G. A. R., of New York. He is also a member of Wawayanda Lodge No. 315, F. & A. M., of Pier- mont, N. Y., and is a member of the 32d degree Scotch Rite of Masonry. He has been recently elected a member of the famous Old Guard. June 23d, 1866, he married Miss Emily S. Wait of New York city. They have three children, viz., Robert A. (the eldest, now a member of Company I, 71st Regiment), Emma L., and Frank G. Captain Barry commenced his business career twenty years ago on the New York Commercial Bulletin, and while he still con tinues his connection with that journal, he has built up a large and successful business of his own in the printing line. For twelve years past he has published a daUy Price Current, which is supported by all the leading Produce Commission Merchants in the city. Capt. Barry is of medium height, quiet and reserved in his de meanor, and enjoys a deserved popularity among his comrades and associates. 198 THE AMERICAN GUARD. FIRST LIEUT. ROBERT A. SERRELL, COMPANY I. Lieut. R. A. Serrell is a native of New York city, born Oc tober 21, 1860. He enlisted in Company I, Seventy-first Regiment, May 3, 1883, was elected Sergeant September 26, 1884, appointed First Sergeant January 8, 1884, and elected First Lieutenant October 22, 1885. SECOND LIEUTENANT M. D. GEERY, COMPANY I. Second Lieutenant Geery is an able and accomplished officer, and a man of good executive ability, who has worked his way from the ranks on his own merits alone. He is a native of Ireland, but a thorough American in principle and education, having been a resident of New York from childhood up. He joined Company I April 5, 1880, as private, and after about four years' service he was elected Corporal in 1884, and commis sioned Second Lieutenant February 9, 1885. He has entered the ranks each year in the Creedmoor target competition, making an excellent record as marksman. He has won the marksman's badge every year. During his six years' service he has never missed a drill or parade, and has participated with the regiment in every public demonstration since his connection with it. He was with the regi ment in the Tarrytown celebration in 1880. Company K. — The history of this company was prepared by the Secretary, J. H. Bonestill, who has given a very full and com plete record of it, but owing to the limited space alotted, this has been materially condensed. The original Company K was organized in 1862, and com manded by George A. Fairchild, who was elected September 30, 1862. He was succeeded July 1, 1864, by Clement Walts. In THE AMERICAN GUARD. 199 1863 the membership of the company was fifty-two. In 1864 it was reduced to twenty-seven, and was soon afterwards disbanded. The present Company K owes its existence to the consolidation of the 37th Regiment with the 71st, in 1870, Company B of the 37th taking the letter K of the 71st, and forming a distinct organi zation or new company. The membership at the time of the con solidation, October, 1870, was sixty-eight. The company at this time was in command of Captain W. H. Cox, who had held com mand of the former company for six years. He had been an effi cient officer under the old regime, but his reputation was not main tained under the new, and in the fall of 1873 he found his command reduced to seventeen men. The command was then offered to his Lieutenant, S. A. Taylor, who declined. The vacancy was not filled until February 3, 1875, when Lieutenant Robert S. Orsor, of B Company, was induced to accept the position. He went to work with his accustomed energy, and aided by Lieutenant Taylor, he soon brought the company up to a high state of efficiency, which it has since maintained. He filled the ranks with able-bodied intelli gent recruits, and within a few months had the largest company in the regiment. His business engagements compelled his resignation on May 6, 1878, but he was succeeded by his able Lieutenant S. A. Taylor, who kept up the reputation of the company, and was be loved and respected by the men of his command. After filling the position with great abihty for five years, he was succeeded by Adjutant Robert A. Stevenson, May 16, 1883. Owing to business engagements which called him from the city a great deal of the time. Captain Stevenson was compelled to neglect his duties, and the moral of the company declined, and the numbers decreased. He finally resigned, December 19, 1884, and Lieutenant W. D. Goss, who had proved himself an able and efficient officer, was elected to fill the vacancy. The choice was a wise one. Although a man of limited military experience. Captain Goss at once set him self to work to redeem the reputation of the company. What he lacked in experience he made up in energy and perseverance, and by close application to military text books, and putting in practice the knowledge thus acquired, he has succeeded in bringing order out of confusion, and the company has now a bright promise for the future. Captain Goss is ably seconded by his Lieutenants, W. W. Chilton and M. W. Day, both of whom are active, earnest, efficient soldiers, and take special pride in their respective positions. 200 THE AMERICAN GUARD. CAPTAIN ROBERT S. ORSOR, COMMANDING COMPANY K, 1875 TO 1878. Captain Orsor comes of revolutionary stock, his maternal grand father, Tallman Orsor, having served as a drummer boy in the War of the Revolution and as Colonel in the war of 1812. He lived to the ripe age of 96 years, and often during his declining years enter tained young Orsor with stories of the revolution. Robert S. Orsor is a native of the town of Ossining, near Sing Sing, where he was born May 26, 1839. He removed to New York in 1857, where he learned the tailoring business, which he has since followed. On May 28, 1862, he joined the 71st Regiment as private in Company H, commanded by H. W. Turner. He was mustered into the U. S. service, and did duty with his regiment at Tenally town. He served also in the Pennsylvania campaign of 1863, and was made Quartermaster-sergeant of Company H. He was the only man who carried his knapsack through the campaign and over the South Mountain. In 1865 he was transferred to B Company, commanded by Capt. A. M. Underhill, and passed through every grade of non-commis sioned, and promoted to Second Lieutenant 24th September, 1872. On December 9, 1873, he was made First Lieutenant, and on Febru ary 3, 1875, was commissioned Captain of Company K. When he assumed command the company was reduced to 16 men and was on the eve of being disbanded. He at once infused new life and energy into the company; and soon brought it up to its original standard, and at the last inspection he had 91 on the roll, 89 of whom were present. Capt. Orsor was a rigid disciplinarian, an efficient officer, but withal was popular with his men. He served in the Railroad riots of 1877, and was with his company on every parade and public demonstration during his term of service. For a, period of nine years he never missed a drill, meeting, or parade. After sixteen years' service he resigned. He is a m ember of the Masonic fraternity, having served three years as W. M. of Citizens Lodge No. 628, F. and A. M., of New York. In 1861 he married Esther, daughter of Henry Robertson, Esq., of. Sing Sing, N. Y. He has three children. His eldest son is a member of Company A, 4th Regiment, N. G. S. N. J. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 201 Captain Orsor was one of the charter members of the Veteran Association, 71st Regiment, but since his removal to New Jersey has been unable to take any active part or attend the meetings. BVT. MAJOR SANFORD A. TAYLOR, FORMERLY CAPTAIN COMPANY K. The 71st Regiment lost one of its best and most valued officers when Sanford A. Taylor retired from Company K. Captain Tay lor was born in New York city, December 14, 1841. His parents removed to Northampton, Mass., while he was yet a child, and his early education was received at that place. His parents returned to New York when he was about sixteen years of age. On February 1, 1862, Mr. Taylor joined Company B, 37th Regi ment, N. G. S. N. Y., and was mustered into the U. S. service for three months. The following May he accompanied the regiment to Camp Belger, Bait., and served through the. campaign. He served again with the regiment in tho Pennsylvania campaign in 1863 as Sergeant of Company B. He participated in the engagements at Sporting Hill, and the siege of Carlisle, and on his return he was on duty during the draft riots in New York. He was again mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment in 1864, and did garrison duty at Fort Richmond, Staten Island. He was promoted Second Sergeant June, 1864, and on November 16, 1868, was commissioned First Lieutenant. When the 37th amalgamated with the 71 st Regi ment, in October, 1870, his Company (B) came in with sixty-three men in a body, and took the letter K. He was subsequently in command of the company for nearly a year. He did duty during the Orange riots of 1871, and during the Railroad riots of 18*77. On June 10, 1878, he was commissioned Captain of Company K. He accompanied the Batallion to New Orleans in 1881, and on February 1, 1883, he resigned after twenty-one years service in the National Guard, and during this period his military record was almost perfect. He was a thorough disciplinarian, and required implicit obedience to orders, yet his men were devoted to him, and never considered any command coming from him a hardship. Was Brevetted-Major for ten years service as a commissioned officer, on November 6, 1879. He became a member ofthe Yeteran Associ ation in 1883. Captain Taylor married, in 1882, Miss Jessie L. Radford, of New York city. They have one child. 202 THE AMERICAN GUARD. CAPTAIN WRIGHT DILLINGHAM GOSS, COMMANDING COMPANY K. Captain W. D. Goss, fourth Senior Captain of the 71st Regi ment, and youngest Captain of the line, was born October 25, 1856, at Edinburg, Portage County, Ohio (a small country town of the western reserve), being the oldest ofa family of nine children. His father, Daniel Wright Goss, is a prominent business man, well known throughout northern Ohio as an energetic, public spirited citizen, a man of sterling qualities, and indomitable adherence to principle, characteilstic of his English-Scotch lineage. His paternal ancestors a family of Goss brothers, came from England and were among tbe first settlers in Massachusetts, his great grandfather, Ephraim Goss, was a drummer boy in the war of the Revolution, and served under General Gates at the surrender of Burgoyne at Sara toga. His maternal ancestors, the Wrights, were Scotch highlanders, who settled ih this country just after the war of 1812, at Fall River, Mass., where they established the first cotton goods manufactory in this country. One of this family (Alexander Wright) was the fii'st manager of the famous Lowell Carpet Works, and imported their first cargo of wool from Scotland. Captain Goss* mother is a descendant of the Dillinghams and Hortons, families numerous in New York and New England. The eaily life of Captain Goss was spent on a farm, and his educational advantages were limited to the common schools of the little country village where he was born, until at the age ot thirteen his parents sent him to Hiram College, the place where President Garfield received his early training. He subsequently attended Mount Union College, Ohio. At the age of fifteen young Goss began teaching school, which he continued successfully during the interim of his college life for five years. Desiring a business educa tion he entered the Spencerian Business College at Cleveland, Ohio, in the spring of 1877, completing the course of study, and graduat ing from there the same year, at the head of his class. He then entered the employ of the Singer Manufacturing Company, with which he continued until November, 1878, when he accepted an offer made him by a New York house, and soon after came east, much to the regret ofhis old employers and numerous friends. In the spring of 1884 he became associated with Peck, Martin & Company, dealers in masons' building materials, tlie leading firm THE AMERICAN GUARD. 203 of its character in New York. He is well and favorably known in connection with the building interests of New York. He is an active member of the Building Material Exchange of the city of New York, of which he is a charter member. His sterling integrity, uprightness of character, and honesty in all his dealings, have won him many friends, and the confidence of his business associates. Captain Goss was drawn into the National Guard about six years ago, somewhat against his inclination, but having once joined he entered upon his duties with an earnestness and zeal, and a de termination to succeed. He followed the teachings of his youth that " Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might." He enlisted in the 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., January 21, 1880, as a private in K Company, then commanded by Captain Sanford A. Taylor. He was promoted Corporal February 1, 1882, and was commissioned Second Lieutenant of K Company December 14, 1882. He was commissioned First Lieutenant in the same company October 19, 1883. He was commissioned Captain in K Company April 30, 1885, a position he has since filled with great credit to himself and honor to the company. He was enrolled as a member of the Veteran Association of the 71st Regiment March 20, 1885. The same characteristics that distinguished him in his business and social relations have been no less potent in his military associ ations. Quick and energetic in action, affable and agreeable in conversation, he is able to command as well as win the respect and confidence of his subordinates. FIRST LIEUT. WM. W. CHILTON, COMPANY K. Though still a young man in years Lieutenant Chilton is a vet eran in the military service and experience, having served twice the number of years necessary to entitle him to that appellation. He was born in New York city, April 11, 1849. He com menced early in life to earn his own living, and thus acquired that independence of character and self-reliance to whieh he owes his subsequent success in life. At the age of fourteen he commenced to learn the trade of painting, but being of a mechanical turn of mind he left that to learn the machinist's trade, in which he subse- 204 THE AMERICAN GUARD. quently became very proficient. He is at present business manager of the Empress Embroiderer Company of New York. He was too young to enter the volunteer service at the breaking out of the war, but he entered the service of the State when he was but seventeen. On November 8, 1866, he joined the 37th Regiment, Company H, commanded by Captain Knowlton. He was subsequently elected Corporal, and served with this company until it was consolidated with Company E, 71st Regiment. He was with the 71st Regiment during the Orange riots of 1871, and responded to every call of the regiment during his connection with it. He remained with E Company, 71st Regiment, until Jan uary 25, 1875, having served with the two regiments nearly nine years. He re-enlisted in the 71st, April 24, 1885, as private in Com pany K. Knowing that his ripe experience and thorough knowl edge of military tactics entitled him to promotion, his comrades did not permit him to remain long in the ranks ; on June 3, 1885, he was elected Corporal, and on January 20, 1886, he was elected First Lieutenant of Company K. During his long term of service he made for himself an excel lent record. On April 12, 1870, he married Josephine R. Dominick, of New York city. They have one child, viz., Henry P. JAMBS H. BONESTILL, FIRST SERGEANT OF COMPANY K. Sergeant Bonestill is descended from an old Holland family which settled in New York State about 1664. He was born in Albany, June 24, 1847, but removed with his parents to New York in childhood. He was sent first to the public school and after wards to a two years course at the Free Academy (now the College of the City of New York). He left school at the breaking out of the war, he served as clerk in the Quartermaster's Department, and was stationed in South Carolina, where he remained until the latter part of 1862, when he returned to New York. On June 18, 1863, he joined B Company, 37th Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., and was mustered into the U. S. service for thirty days THE AMERICAN GUARD. 205 as a volunteer. He participated in the engagements at Sporting Hill and the capture of Carlisle. On the return ofthe regiment he was taken sick and unable to attend to military duty. On April 11, 1864, he became a member of B Company, 37th Regiment, and on May 6, was again mustered into the U. S. service and did garri son duty at Fort Richmond for thirty days. On May 2, 1869, he was elected Sergeant, and on September 1, 1869, was appointed First Sergeant. When the 37th amalgamated with the 71st Regi ment he held the rank of First Sergeant in Company K. In De cember, 1871, he was relieved at his own request, and returned to duty as Sergeant. In October, 1879, he was again elected First Sergeant. He was honorably discharged, Febrnary 18, 1884. He re-enlisted, March 5, 1885, as private, and was appointed First Sergeant June 17, 1885. He did duty during the Orange riots in 1871, and the Railroad riots in 1877. During his twenty years service his military' record was second to none in the regiment. Modest and unassuming in his manner, and faithful and conscientious in the discharge of every known duty. Sergeant Bonestill has frequently been urged to a higher position, even the command of a company, but would never consent. He is an active member of Edward Wade Post No. 520, G. A. R., Department of New York. In 1866 he married Susie Austin, of New York. They have two children, viz., Mattie and Edna. HISTORY TETERAH ASSOCIATION, 71st REGIMENT, H. G. S. N. Y. with BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF MEMBERS. The organization of a Veteran Association was talked of among the members of the regiment as early as 1865, and occasional meetings were held, but nothing definite M^as accomplished until 1868. The first record which appears on the Minute Book is as follows : November 12, 1868. — Minutes immediately after the adjourn ment of the Board of Officers of the 71st Regiment. A meeting of the veteran members of said Board was held for the purpose of or ganizing a Veteran Association. The following officers were pres ent : Lieut.-Col. Harry Rockafellar, Major Geo. D. Wolcott, Adj't A. T. Francis, Lieut, and Commissary Chas. E. Shade, Captains Amos L. See, Abram L. Webber, O. P. Smith, E. S. Eunson, H. H. Evertsen, Seymour A. Bunce, Lieut. W. A. Elmer, and Jas. S. Turner. Lieut.-Col. Rockafellar was called to the chair and Capt. S. A. Bunce appointed secretary. A committee was appointed to pre pare and submit a plan of organization, &c. Several meetings were held and temporary officers elected, and the organization was finally completed and permanent officers elected, as appears by the following record, copied from the min utes of the Association : January 9, 1869. — The Veteran Association of the regiment has now been fully organized and its officers elected. The object of the Association is to foster an interest in the welfare of the regiment by its ex-members by social intercourse and I T. \\'(1l.^LSE^^ MA,IOR OLIVER LIBBY. CAPT GEO. V^. ROSEVELT. | QUARTERMASTER 1861-1664, JOHN P. HILLIARD. LIEUT. COL, WM J, COLES. I863..IS67. CAPT. T. S. COPELAND. VETERAN iaS2. W. S. OKIE. VETEPAN 1 652. WM. F BOGERT. VETERAN IBM, W. B. FERGUSON. ^VETEPAN "1650, THE AMERICAN GUARD. 207 charity to the sick and disabled officers. The following are the names of the officers of the Association : Colonel, ex-Colonel H. P. Martin; Lieut.-Colonel, ex-Colonel Charles H. Smith ; Senior Major, ex-Lieut. -Colonel George A. Os good ; Junior Major, ex-Colonel Benj. L. Trafiford ; Adjutant, Major D. C. Meschutt ; Engineer, ex-Engineer E. A. Quintard ; Quartermaster, ex-Quartermaster Geo. W. Rosevelt; Commissary, ex-Captain James T. Sanford ; Paymaster, ex-Paymaster, P. R. Wilkins; Surgeon, e^x-^nrgeon Charles McMillan; Ass't Surgeon, ex-Surgeon James B. Reynolds. At a meeting held on January 14, 1869, a Constitution and By- Laws were adopted. These have been several times altered and amended, and on February 28, 1878, an amendment was made by which members of the 37th Regiment (this regiment having been consolidated with the 71st) were made eligible to membership in the 71st. The following extracts from the amended Constitution and By-Laws, adopted Nov. 24, 1882, show the objects and general plan of the organization : Constitution. — Aeticle I. Name. This organization shall be known as the Veteran Association, SEVENTT-FmsT Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., and its objects to per petuate and continue old associations and ties, and to keep a his torical record of the regiment and of its membership. Aeticle II. Membership. Any person who shall have been, or is entitled to be honorably discharged from service in the Seventy-first Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., or any person who bas been honorably discharged from service in the Thirty-seventh Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., prior to or at the time of its consolidation with the Seventy-first Regiment, shall be eligible to membership. Any persons being or having been a member of the Seventy- first Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., who has entered or may hereafter enter the United States military, naval or marine service, and has been honorably discharged from the same, and any person having served as a volunteer in the Seventy-first or Thirty-seventh Regi ments N. G. S. N. Y., while in the United States service in 1861, 1862, 'l863, or 1864, and who shall have been honorably dis charged from the same, may be elected a member of this Associa tion. 208 THE AJMERICAN GUARD. Article III. Honokaet Membership. There may be conferred at any annual meeting upon any citizen of the United States who may have distinguished himself in a mili tary, naval, or civil capacity in the service of the United States, or in the service of the State of New York, an honorary membership, with all the privileges of full membership, except holding office and voting. Article IV. Proposition and Election of Members. Applications for membership may be received at any stated or special meeting — when they shall be referred to the Executive Committee, who shall report thereon at the following stated meet ing, when action may be taken. All persons proposed for membership or honorary membership shall be elected by ballot, and five negative votes shall be sufficient to reject a candidate. Article V. Meetings. The Annual Meeting of the Association shall be held on the twenty-first day of April of each year (except when falling on Sun day, when it shall be held on the day following), said date being the anniversary of the first departure of the Seventy-first Regi ment for Washington, to enter the service of the United States. In addition there shall be eleven stated meetings, viz. : On the third Friday of each month excepting April. Special meetings may be called by the President at any time upon application of five members. Ten members of the Association shall constitute a quorum, and a two-third vote of all members present and voting shall be requisite to carry all questions involving the outlay of money ; on other subjects a majority shall suffice. Article VI. Officers. The officers of this Association shall be a Colonel, Lieutenant- Colonel, Major, Adjutant, Quartermaster, Paymaster, Chaplain, Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon, and Commissary, and such company officers as may be provided for in the By-Laws. The said Colonel, Lieutenant-Colonel, Major, Adjutant, Quar termaster, and Paymaster shall be respectively, in the order named, ex officio, President, First and Second Vice-Presidents, Correspond ing Secretary, Recording Secretary and Treasurer of the Associa tion. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 209 Article IV of By-Laws. — Companies. Seo. 1. The members of this Association shall be assigned to four companies, to be designated as C, E, F and G companies. Sec. 2. The assignment to companies shall be made by the Ad jutant, the preference of members as to choice of companies being consulted when practicable. Sec. 3. The commanding officer of the Association shall within thirty days after the January meeting, order the several companies to assemble, and elect by ballot their commissioned and non-com missioned officers, who shall hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. Sec. 4. Each company may establish a constitution and by-laws for its own government, provided the same shall not conflict with the Constitution and By-Laws of the Association. For the purpose of bringing the members into closer relation ship, and cultivating the social elements of the organizations, they resolved to provide for an annual dinner, to be held on each recur ring anniversary. These have been well attended and productive of beneficial results. The Sunday Courier of April 24, 1870, contains the following : " The veterans of this gallant and first class command assembled in full force at Delmonico's last Thursday evening to celebrate their second anniversary. Previous to the dinner the annual election of officers took place, resulting in the choice of the following named persons : Colonel, Henry P. Martin ; LAeut.- Colonel, Charles Henry Smith ; S. Major, Lieut.-Col. Coles ; Major, Geo. Osgood ; Adju tant, Capt. A. M. Underhill ; Quartermaster, Geo. W. Rosevelt ; Engineer, E. M. Quintard ; Commissary, James T. Sanford ; Pay master, P. R. Wilkins ; Surgeon, Chas. McMillan, M. D. ; Ass't Surgeon, Jas. B. Reynolds ; Secretary and Treasurer, Seymour A. Bunce." 1871 — Oliver Libby elected in place of B. L. Trafford, Junior Major; Harry Rockafellar was elected Adjutant in place of A. M. Underhill. 1872 — A. M. Underhill elected Adjutant in place of Harry Rockafellar. 187,3 — Same Board re-elected. In 1874 the names of the officers were changed so as to conform to the general plan of the Grand Army of the Republic, and the following officers were elected : 14 210 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Commander, Chas. H. Smith ; Vice-Comn, ander, Geo. W. Rosevelt ; Correspondent, E. S. Eunson ; Recorder and Treasurer, Seymour A. Bunce ; Surgeon, Chas. McMillan ; AssH Surgeon, James B. Reynolds. 1875 — The only changes made were, Wm. J. Coles, Commander, in place of Chas. H. Smith, and E. A. Quintard, Vice-Commander, in place of Geo. W. Rosevelt. 1876 — Commander, Eugene S. Eunson ; Yice-Commander, Amos L. See ; Correspondent, John M. Hagedorn ; Recorder and Treas urer, J. T. Woolsey; Surgeon, Chas. McMillan; Ass't Surgeon, Jas. B. Reynolds. 1877 — Commander, H. P. Martin ; Vice- Commander, T. S. Copeland ; Correspondent, F. F. Taylor ; Recorder and Treasurer, J. T. Woolsey ; Surgeon and Ass't Surgeon re-elected. 1878 — Seymour A. .Bunce elected Vice~ Commander in place of T. S. Copeland. 1879 — A change was made in the names of the various officers, and the following persons were elected : Colonel, Henry P. Martin ; Lieut.-Colonel, Thomas Freeborn ; Major, Amos L. See ; Adjutant, Chas. H. Patrick ; Quartermaster and Secretary, Jas. T. Woolsey ; Paymaster and Treasurer, W. N. Philbrick : Surgeon, Chas. McMillan ; As^t Surgeon, Jas. P. Reynolds ; Commissary, Chas. E. Shade. 1880 — Colonel, Chas. H. Smith; Lieut.-Colonel, E. S. Eunson; Major, R. Howard Galpin ; Adjutant, Wm. H. Cary ; the other officers were re-elected, except Commissary, Chas. E. Brown, elected in place of Chas. E. Shade. 1881 — Colonel, E. S. Eunson ; Lieut.-Colonel, R. H. Galpin ; Major, Chas. F. Homer ; Adjutant, C. H. Patrick ; Quarterm.aster, Paymaster, Surgeon and Ass't Surgeon re-elected ; Commissary, Harry P. Johnson. 1882 — Colonel, E. S. Eunson ; Lieut.-Colonel, Chas. F. Homer ; Major, Geo. H. Stow ; Adjutant, C. H. Patrick ; Quartermaster and Secretary, J. T. Woolsey ; Paymaster and Treasurer, W. F. Philbrick ; Surgeon, Jas. B. Reynolds ; Ass't Surgeon, Joseph D. Bryant ; Commissary, Harry P. Johnson. 1883 — Colonel, C. W. Dustan ; Lieut.-Colonel, Chas. F. Homer ; Major, Geo. H. Stow; Adjutant, C. W. Starr; Qitartermaster and Secretary, J. T. Woolsey ; Paymaster and Treasurer, W. N. Phil brick ; Surgeon, Jos. D. Bryant ; Ass't Surgeon, Edward C. Al bert ; Commissary, Harry P. Johnson. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 211 1884 — The same officers were re-elected, except that of AssH Surgeon, John E. Allen elected in place of Edward C. Albert. 1885 — Same officers re-elected, except Adjutant, Robert Curren elected in place of C. W. Starr. 1886 — Present Board of Officers: Colonel, Chas. F. Homer; Lieut.-Colonel, Eugene H. Conklin ; Major, D. W. C. Ward ; Ad jutant, C. W. Starr ; Quartermaster, Jas. T. Woolsey ; Paymaster, W. N. Philbrick ; Surgeon, Joseph D. Bryant, M. D. ; Ass't Sur geon, John E. Allen, M. D. ; Commissary, Harry P. Johnson. In addition to the annual dinner held at each recurring anni versary, the Association has for the last four years held a clam bake during the summer season, which has been largely attended by the veterans. Among the invitations extended to distinguished persons to participate in the annual dinner was one to Major-General A. E. Burnside in 1880, which elicited the following reply : Senate Chambbh, ) Washington, April 14, 1880. I My Dear Sir : I am more than sorry not to be able to accept the kind invitation of the Veteran Corps ofthe 71st Eeg't. From year to year I have hoped to join you at your annual re-unions, and shall continue in that hope. No body of men are remembered by me with more pride and friend ship than the members of the gallant 71st. With them my first service of the late war was made, the first comradeship formed, and I shall bear with me through life the pleasant impressions of that period of service, tinged as they are with the sweet sorrow in which we all recall the mem ories of our departed comrades. Faithfully your friend, A. E. BURNSIDE. Numbers of old veterans have been added to the membership from years, some of whom have dropped out, while others have " crossed the dark rivfer," and responded to the muster roll on the " other side." Efforts were made to obtain the military record of all the living veterans, for publication. Many of these have moved away, and their addresses could not be obtained; others were written to, and failed to respond. The following is a list of the members as shown by Quartermaster J. T. Woolsey's statement up to May 15, 1886 : 212 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Roster Veteran Association 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y. Adams, Edward ; 139 East 85th 9t. Albert, Edmond C. ; 143 West 34th St. Allen, John E., M. D. ; 110 East 46th St. Amerman, Louis D.; 150 West 138th St. Ames, T. A. ; 37 Fifth Ave. Anhalt, Abram; 307 West 43d St. Backus, Chas. W. ; 1779 Broadway. Ball, Wm. H.; 159 Grand St. Banks, O. ; 354 Sackett St., Brooklyn. Banks, Wm. O.; " " Barry, L. Frank; 316 Washington St. Bayles, Jas. C; 83 Reade St., " Iron Age." Beach, Jas. S. ; 503 Hudson St., care P. Link & Son. Behan, W. J.; in California. Benham, Geo. A.; 58 South Eighth St., Brooklyn, E. D. Belton, Frank S. ; 55 Broadway. Blake, Asa P. ; 300 Canal St. Bostwick, Jas., Sr. ; 48 Jackson Ave., Long Island City. Bostwick, Jas., Jr.; 113 Meserole Ave., Greenpoint. Bogert, Wm. P. ; 646 Monroe St., B'klyn. Brickell, W. A.; Bellville, N. J. Bromley, Geo. H.; 366 Broadway, Brown, Chas. E.; Ilth Ward Bank, Ave. D. and 10th St. E, *Brown, Wm. A. Died June 7, 1885. B, Brush, Clinton E. ; Broadway. Bryant, Jos., M. D. ; 66 West 35th St. Burk, George ; Gen'l Office Erie R. R., Chambers St. Brown, Jas. B ; Oxford. Chenango Co., N. T. Blauvelt, D. C. ; 51 John St. Camp, Henry; 405 Carlton Ave., B'klyn. Chaddock, Wm. H. Clapp, Geo. W. ; 106 Seventh St. Coe, Edwin ; 31 Bank St. Coe, Joseph B. ; 1714 Madison Ave. Coe, Russel T. ; 601! Broadway, Revere House. Coles, Wm. J. ; 3133 Seventh Ave. Conklin, Eugene H. ; 34 Spruce St. Cowell, Thomas R. ; Oil City, Pa. Coon, Chas. H. ; 889 Broadway. Cooper, Edward B. ; 633 West 34th St. Copeland, Theron S., Capt.; Police Dep't, 94 Charles St. Courtenay, William; 15 Dey St. Quartermaster 7 1st Reg't. Crombie, Reuben H. ; 93d St. and E. R. Crombie, Thomas J. " " Company G, II 0, Staff, Company E, it 0, it. (f, (I I, (( s. n p, n F, (( L it I. " P, It F, u s. l( 3, (( V, u c, 11 G, tt 0, t{ D, " P, " E, Staff, Company Pield J^, Company A, Company c. a 0, u D, (( G, FieU, Company G, u s, " ^, t( s, a 0, u p, iK 1, " I ' Deceased. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 213 Company B, Curren, Robert. Out of the city ; address not known. Craft, C. J. Davis, Geo. B. ; Bank of America. Davis, Wm. C. ; 84 Broadway. Day, Nicholas W. ; 45-47 Park Place. Dayton, Jas. R. Dayton, William H. Demmler, E. ; 135 Chambers St. Doolittle, Adrastus ; 136 Clinton Place. Downey, Henry L.; 18 Beaver St. Dustan, C. W.; 333 West 38th St. Dye, Jos. E.; 390 King St., Charleston, S. C. Eagan, Peter, Jr.; 349 East 116th Street. Ellis, William A. ; 51 Wall St. Emminger, Chas. R. English, Henry G. ; 30 West 13th St. Euen, M. 8. ; Brooks Brothers, Broadway & 33d St. Eunson, Eugene S. ; 138 West 13th St. Evertsen, H. H. ; Broadway and 17th St. *Es8ler, John P. Died, Aug., 1 885. Faris, W. D. ; 315 Pearl St. Ferguson, Wm. B. ; 336 South St. Fox, Edgar H. ; 93B Eighth Ave. Fox, De Forest ; Empire Brewery, 399 West 10th St. Francis, A. T. ; 1136 Broadway. Adj't 71st Reg't. Furrmann, Jno. D. ; 135 West 45th St. Gee, Geo. W. ; 70 Eighth Ave. Genner, Jos. ; 175 Third St., Brooklyn, E. D. Girvan, Thomas. Goodstein, Henry ; 140 East 111th St. Gordon, Ray T. ; Inspector's Office, Custom House. Goss, W. D. ; 3t)l West 42d St. Groser, Alex. T. ; Safe Dep. & Storage Co. of New York, Broad way and Liberty St. P. O. Box 3344. Hagedorn, Jno. M. ; 60 West 13th St. HaUowell, H. J.; 34 Attorney St. Hammond, J. A. ; 50 West 30th St. Hathaway, E. A. ; 139 Grand St., Brooklyn. Havemeyer, F. C, Jr. ; 73 West 48th St. Hemma, C. E. ; 106 East 137th St. Henriques, E. B. St. John; 330 West 138th St. Herrick, Chas. E. ; 37 Bank St. Hilliard, Jno. P. ; 38 South William St. Hull, John A. ; 88 Gold St. Imlay, Edwin C. ; Greenpoint, L. I. E, *Imlay, J. Prescott. Died Feb'y 19, 1885. (( P, tl F, u F, il E. u E, u 0, " c, CI D, tt ^, t( p, " B, staff. Compan/y P, «( B, FieU, Company B, u A li P. li 0, (t E, ih P. (fc G, tt s. " F; tt E, (t G, It G, *^ A it E, t( s, ii G, tt E, " G, tl P, " F, " G, it I, " P. t( G, staff, Corhpany E, * Deceased. 214 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Company G, tk A (( B, ii E, i< E, N. C. Staf, Company G, N. C. Staff, Company P. tt 0, it c, Pield, Company D, i( G, (( G, 11 c, i( F. Pield, Company D, tl A, Pield, Company E, Staff, Company E. It P. it P, 11 G, " E, " E, it G, It G, (( G, (i B, (t E, it F, " F, (i F, (1 G, Staff, Company F, Staff, Company G, it G, " , G, " G, tt B, tt G, Jacobus, Jno. W. ; 16 Morton St. Johnson, Harry Q. ; 58 Cedar St. Johnston, Wm. H. ; 448 East 84th St. Kelly, A. H. ; 358 Broadway. Kershaw, Geo. W. : 313 West 27th St. Kirkland, Edward ; 53 East 21st St. Kline, P. ; 586 Jersey Ave., Jersey City. Knubel, Jno. F. ; 58 Cedar St. Koerner, Louis; 158 West St., cor. Park Place. Kohnen, J. Frederick; 173 Pearl St. Leo, John P. ; 15 Cortlandt St. Libby, Oliver; 145 Fulton St. Lincoln, Jonas A.; 113 North Portland Ave., B'klyn. Lippmann, L. ; 790 Lexington Ave. Leman, Moses H. ; Mariners' Harbor, Staten Island. Lussen, Albert; Fairview, N. J. Marsh, Harry G.; 1931 Prospect Ave., N. Y. City (34th ward). Martin, Henry P., Col. ; Pulton St., near Classon Ave., Brook lyn. Col. 71st Reg't, 1801-63. May, Frederick ; 309 East 19th St. Merrill, E. M. ; Arnold, Constable & Co., 5th Ave. and 19th St. McAlpin, E. A. ; 146 Ave. D. cor. 10th St. McKinley, Thos. S. ; 148 East 36th St. McMillan, Chas., M. D. ; U. S. Consul, Genoa. Mills, Isaac; Dominick & Haff, 17th St. and Broadway. Milne, Geo. G.; 73 Horatio St. Milne, William, Jr. ; 393 Canal St. Murch, J. F. ; 51 John St. Naylor, Henry ; 30 Cortlandt St. Norman, Geo. A. J. ; 35 Park Row. Okie, W. S. ; 366 Washington St. Onderdonk, Wm. M.; 33 Whitehall St. Parkin, Henry K.; 314 West 31st St. Peek, Eben; West 34th St. and Ilth Ave. Perley, J. L.; " Manhattan,'' 86th St. and Second Ave. Philbrick, W. N. ; 91st St. and E. R. Phillips, Frederick ; 833 Lexington Ave. Pierce, Curtis B.; 1367 Broadway. Price, Henry B. ; Hempstead, L. I. Pride, A. H. ; 409 Broadway. Pringle, James R. ; 343 West 4th St. Quintard, E. A. ; Citizens' Savings Bank, 58 Bowery. Racey, Wm. H.; 119 Broadway. Raynor, Geo. B.; 139 Broad St. Regnault, Chas. ; 58 Bowery. Reinhardt, Geo. W. ; 73 Liberty St. Reynolds, Wakeman P. ; 307 West 37th St. Richters, Fred. J. ; Lock Box 57, Morristown, N. J. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 216 Staff, Company F, il B, tt I, it B, " F, Staff, Company F, Staff, Company G, ii G, (t G. ti G, It B, it H, it B, tt 0, tt B, (t B, staff. Company B, N. C. Staff, Pield, Company B, Color Serg't, Company B, II E, 11 E, 11 A, I. G, ll G, 11 G, II B, II B, 0, they had a skirmisii at Sporting Hill. On tlie morning of July 1, they marched into Carlisle, immediately after the eneniy had evacu ated it. The rebels returned the same night and demanded the with drawal of the Federal troops. On their refusal the enemy shelled the place. Mr. Starr, while in a kneeling position had his musket struck by a piece of shell which bent and partially shattered it. The musket being on a line with his face doubtless saved his life. He has carefully preserved this, which will doubtless be treasured by his children as an interesting relic of " the late unpleasantness." After his return from the front, Mr. Starr remained on duty in New York, in the State service, for about thirty days. On April 1, 1864, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant. He was exceeding popular with his men, and on January 10, 1865, in token of their appreciation of his services the company presented him with an elegant sword duly inscribed. The company was disbanded about 1867, and Mr. Starr was placed on the supernumerary list. He was not one of those who joined the 7lst after the disbanding of the 37th Regiment, but when the 71st Veteran Association altered its By-Laws, so as to admit members of tbe 37th, Mr. Starr was elected to membership. He held the rank of Adjutant in the Association for 1833-4, and was again elected in 1886. In 1868 he married Miss Lydia B., daughter of Samuel Cook, Esq., of New York city. They have three children, viz., Georgia E., Fannie B., and Mary L. LIEUT. JAMES T. WOOLSEY, QUARTEEMASTBR OF VETERAN ASSOCIATION SBVBNTT-FIEST REGIMENT, Was bom in Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., August 28th, 1820. His ancestors have been conspicuous in the military and naval history of the country, covering a period of nearly one hundred and fifty 222 THE AMERICAN GUARD. years. His great-grandfather was killed at the head of a battalion in Sept., 1768, during the French and English war. His paternal grandfather, at the age of eighteen, joined the army as a volunteer in 1776, and rose to the rank of Major in the War of the Revolu tion. His father entered the navy as midshipman in 1800, and rose to the rank of Captain, whieh was equal to the present rank of Rear-Admiral. His eldest brother. Commodore Woolsey, of the IJ. S. Navy, entered the navy as midshipman in 1 832, served through the Mexican war and the War of the Rebellion, and died of yellow fever on the 'id Oct., 1874, while in command of the Pensacola Navy Yard. While inheriting many of the qualities for which his family have been distinguished, Lieut. Woolsey, the subjeet of this sketch, chose a mercantile rather than a military life, yet devoted most of his leisure time to the latter, and served with his regiment during the campaigns of 1861, 1862, and 1863. At the breaking out of the war he had been for over three years connected with the 71st, and was mustered into the U. S. Service with the regiment in 1861, took part in the first battle of Bull Run, besides a number of smaller engagements. During the campaign and the two years following he never lost an hour from sickness or other causes, and, with one exception, was present at every company and battalion drill and parade in New York. His daily record of his company during that period, including the lines of march, bivouac, etc., shown by elaborate, maps, drawings, and charts, is a marvel of neatness, skill and accuracy, and the regiment is largely indebted to him for the preservation of important records and material furnished for the history of the regiment. The following is his military record from 1838 down to 1866 : Enlisted as private in Utica (N. Y.) Citizens' Corps, Capt. E. K. ¦Barnum, 2d U. S. Infantry, Sept. 3d, 1838 ; Second Sergeant, No vember, 1840, to January, 1844; discharged Aug. 13th, 1844. Enlisted as private in Troy Citizens' Corps, Capt. A. H. Pierce, June 29th, 1846. [This ^company was organized by the gallant Maj. Ringgold, 2d U. S. Artillery, one of the most distinguished officers of the Mexican war.J Served two years as Second Sergeant, two years as First Sergeant, one year as First Lieutenant, and four years as Secretary ; resigned January 9th, 1852. Enlisted as private in 7l8t Regiment, N. Y. S. M., Col. Abram S. Vosburgh,- February 4th, 1858. Second Sergeant, Oct. 30th, 1860, to Oct 13th, 1862; First Sergeant, Oct. l3th, 1862, to Nov. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 223 17th, 1863 ; First Lieutenant, Nov. 17th, 1863, to Oct. 27th, 1866; resigned and honorably discharged Oct. 27th, 1866. Commissioned Captain in 134th Regiment, N. Y. S. M., Aug. 9th, 1843 ; vacated office by removal from regimental district Aug. 13th, 1844; served in all the campaigns of the 71st Regiment in the War of the Rebellion as follows : enrolled in U. S. Service as Sergeant, Company G, 71st Regiment, April 20th, 1861 ; discharged and mustered out with regiment July 30th, 1861. Enrolled in U. S. Service as First Sergeant, Company G, 71st Regiment, May 28th, 1862 ; discharged and mustered out with regi ment Sept. 2d, 1862. Enrolled in U. S. Service as Second Lieutenant 7lst Regiment, June 17th, 1863 ; discharged and mustered out with regiment July 22d, 1863. Enrolled in Veteran Association 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., Oct. 18th, 1872 ; served as Quartermaster and Secretary of same from January 21st, 1876, continuously to date. WILLIAM N. PHILBRICK, PAYMASTER VETERAN ASSOCIATION, Is descended from an old New England family which settled in New Hampshire early iu the 17th century. Both his paternal and maternal grandfathers served in the war of 1812. Mr. Philbrick was born in New York city, in the year 1839 ; his early education was received in New York. In 1852 he removed with his parents to Boston, Mass., and was sent to boarding school at HoUister, Mass. He subsequently entered his father's employ as clerk in the book business. In 1858 he re turned to New York and entered the house of George A. Leav- itt & Co., a large auction book concern, where he remained for seventeen years, and was for some time general manager. On August 1, 1876, he joined his uncle (who was then in failing health) as junior partner in the brick business, under the fij-m name of Arnold & Co. On the death of his uncle in 1876, the firm was reorganized under the name of Manchester and Phil brick, continuing down to the present time. Mr. Philbrick joined the 71st Regiment November 1, 1861, as a member of F Company, and served through the Pennsylvania campaign of 1863. On the return of the regiment he did active 224 THE AMERICAN GUARD. duty in the New York draft riots. He took part with the regiment in the suppression of the draft riots in 1872. He was promoted 1st Sergeant in January, 1866, and served in that •capacity until his discharge in November, 1875. He served with the regiment during the railroad riots of 1877, although not an .active member. He joined the Veteran Association soon after its organization, but did not take an active part until 1875. He was elected Treasurer of the Association in 1878, and has since been annually re-elected. He accompanied the regiment on the excursion to Rhode Island in 1871, and to New Haven in 1873. He also participated in the Creedmoor rifle practice. Among the social and benevolent orders he is connected the Continental Lodge 287, F. & A. M. In his business connections he is a member of the Mechanics and Traders' Exchange, also of the Building Material Exchange of New York, in which he served two jears as Vice-President and one year as President. JOSEPH D, BRYANT, M.D., SURGEON VETERAN ASSOCIATION. De. Joseph D. Beyant, at present Surgeon-General of the State ¦of New York, was born at East Troy, Walworth Co., N. Y., March 12, 1845. The paternal ancestry of his family are mentioned in Fnglish history as early as 1450, some of whom were knighted for bravery in the wars of that period. A branch of the family emi grated to this country and were among the early settlers of Con necticut. The ancestors of his mother, Harriet Atkins, were also of English origin. The Atkins family were residents of Middle- town prior to 1673. Dr. Bryant received a liberal education in the schools of Chen ango County, wliere his boyhood was passed, aud where his father, Alonzo A. Bryant, still resides. He studied medicine with Dr. ¦George W. Avery in Norwich, N. Y., and graduated at Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1868. In 1869 he took up his per manent residence in New York City. He entered Bellevue Hos pital, where he remained until 1871. He served as Prosector tothe Ohair of Anatomy during the Winters of 1871-2 at the Bellevue THE AMERICAN GUARD. 225 Hospital Medical College under the direction of Prof. Stephen Smith. In 1876 he was appointed by the Faculty of the Medical College a Lecturer on Surgical Anatomy in the Summer course. During this time he was engaged in giving private medical and surgical instructions to students. In 1875 he was appointed Assist ant Demonstrator of Anatomy in Bellevue Medical College. In 1877 he was appointed Lecturer on General Discipline and Surgical Anatomy during the winter session of Bellevue Medical College to fill a vacancy caused by the deatli of Prof. A. B. Crosby. In 1878 he was appointed Professor in the same department. He has been for some years visiting surgeon to the North Western Dispen sary and of the outdoor department of Bellevue Hospital ; also visiting physician to Charity and Bellevue Hospital ; also consulting surgeon to the outdoor department of the latter institution and of the New York City Lunatic Asylum. He has contributed largely to the current medical literature of the day and is author of a work on operative surgery. In 1873 he was appointed Surgeon with tiie rank of Major of tbe Seventy-flrst Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y. The same year he was appointed Sanitary Inspector of tbe Board of Health ofthe city of New York and served until 1879. In 1882 he was detailed by Adju tant General Townsend to act as Post Surgeon at the New York State Camp of Instruction at Peekskill, N. Y. On the election of Grover Cleveland as Governor of New York Dr. Bryant was appointed Surgeon General on his staff. He lias since been appointed to the same position on the staff of GovernorHill. MAJOR JOHN B. ALLEN, M. D., ASSISTANT-SURGEON, VETERAN ASSOCIATION. John E. Allen, M.D., is a native of New York city, born Nov. 1, 1847. He was educated at Mount Pleasant Military Academy, and the Free Academy, now known as the College of the City of New York. He entered Bellevue Hospital Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1874. He passed a brilliant examination and was admitted to the Staff of Bellevue Hospital, serving as house physi cian during 1874-1876. In April, 1876, he went to Europe, con tinuing his medical studies at Vienna, Paris and London. He re turned in 1878 and was appointed Assistant Demonstrator of 15 226 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Anatomy in Bellevue Hospital Medical College, also visiting physi cian to New York Dispensary and Metropolitan Throat Hospital. He was commissioned Captain and Assistant Surgeon of the 7lst in October, 1874, and served until January 12, 1888. He was then appointed Surgeon of the regiment, with the rank of Major. He resigned this position in 1884. He did not accompany the Battalion to New Orleans in 1881 on its famous " Mission of Peace," but received " royal honors " from " Rex," the King of the Carni val. Dr. Allen joined the Veteran Association in 1879, and was soon after elected Assistant Surgeon, which position he still holds. He is a member of St. John's Lodge No. 1, F. & A. M., of New York. He is Surgeon-in-Chief of the New York and Mexican Steamship Line. In 1879 he married Madame Mavrocordato, whose first husband was a nephew of the Prime Minister of Greece. Dr. Allen is a man of generous impulses, free-hearted, and ex ceedingly popular among his military and other associates. Profes sionally he ranks among the most prominent physicians in the city, and enjoys an extensive and lucrative practice among some of the best families. COLONEL OSSIAN D. ASHLEY, COMMANDING 37TH REGIMENT. The soldierly qualities which have made Colonel Ashley con spicuous in the several military organizations with which he has been connected were doubtless inherited from his Puritan ancestors. His paternal grandfather served under Genera! Washington at West Point, and was stationed there at the time of Arnold's defection. His maternal grandfather took part in the battle of Bennington. Ossian D. Ashley was born in Townsend,. Yt., April 9, 1821. He removed with his parents to Boston in childhood, and was edu cated at the private schools of that city. His first military experience was with the famous Boston Light Infantry (Tigers), which was organized in 1798. He served through the different grades of non-commissioned officer, and in 1851 was elected Captain, which position he held until 1854i. In 1867 he removed to New York city and engaged in the bank- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 227 ing business, which he followed for sixteen years. In 1861 a drill corps was organized, known as the New York Rifles, and Mr. Ash ley was elected Major. The special object of the corps was to pre pare officers for active service in the field, and some of the best officers in the army were instructed by this corps. In February, 1862, the 37th Regiment, N. Y. S. M., was organ ized, with Charles Roome as Colonel ; Judge C. L. Monell, Lieut.- Colonel ; and 0. D. Ashley, Major. Ju.dge Monell subsequently resigned, and Major Ashley was elected Lieut.-Colonel. He was soon after mustered in with the regiment for three months, and went with it to Baltimore. On the resignation of Colonel Roome he was elected Colonel. He was again mustered in with his regi ment for thirty days to garrison Fort Richmond. In 1845 he married Miss Harriet A. Nash, of Boston, Mass. They have four children, the eldest, Mary F. (wife of E. P. Bige- low), Clarence D., Jessie, and Anita C. Colonel Ashley was elected a member of the 71st Veteran Asso ciation in 1881. He is also a member of the Boston Light In fantry Veterans. WM. H. BALL. Francis, the American ancestor of Mr. Ball, emigrated from England about 1640, and first landed in Boston, from whence he and six others journeyed through the wilderness over one hundred miles, until they reached the Connecticut valley near the present site of Springfield, Mass. His companions settled on the east side of the river ; but being informed by the Indians that the land on the west side was more productive, he crossed over and took up his permanent abode. He was the first white settler in that locality. The old homestead of the Balls, situated on the original site, is still in a fair state of preservation. The grandfather of Mr. W. II. Ball was a large contractor dur ing the War of the Revolution, and afterwards ; his father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and helped to drive the British from Dorchester Point near Boston. Wm. H., the son of Eli Ball and Orpha Leonard, was born in Springfield, Mass., April 11, 1829. He received a good common school education, and at the age of seventeen he was apprenticed 228 THE AMERICAN GUARD. to the carpenter's trade. In 1849 he removed to Hartford, Conn., where he worked for a time at his trade. In 1852 he came to New York, and in company with his brother, established business as builders. Owing to the close competition in this line they gradually drifted into a jobbing business which they found more profitable. The death of his brother in 1883 left him sole proprietor of the business. In 1862 Mr. Ball joined H Company, Captain Turner, 71st Regiment, and participated in the campaign of 1863, when the regiment assisted in the pursuit of Lee, after the latter's defeat at Gettysburg. Mr. Ball returned in time to assist in the suppression of the draft riots the same year. He also took part in the Orange riots at a later period. He served as private in the regiment for fourteen years, and was honorably discharged. In March, 1863, he married Miss Zepheryne Parker, daughter of a congregational minister of Syracuse, N. Y. She deceased in 1868. He had three children by her, all deceased. On March 3, 1869, he married Helen W. Armstrong, of Freehold, N. J. They have six children, viz., William H., Nelson A., Charles, Francis, Bertrand, Florence Irene Ball. Mr. Ball joined the Veteran Association about 1874. GEORGE A. BENHAM Was born in New York city, February 21, 1846. His early educa tion was received at the public schools. He subsequently attended the militairy school at Yonkers, N. Y. His first military experience was in 1868, when he joined H Company, 7lst Regiment. In 1875 he was promoted {Sergeant of the same company. From 1875 to 1880 he served as Quarter master's Sergeant. He took part with his regiment in quelling the Orange riots in 1872, and the railroad riots in 1879. He was an active participant in the Creedmoor competitive rifie practice, and was awarded the medal for three successive years, viz., 1874, '75, '76. He participated with his regiment in the parade and reception given in honor of the Grand Duke Alexis, also in the funeral obse quies of Admiral Farragut, and the unveiling of the Lafayette Monument. He joined the Veteran Association in 1878, having served for twelve years in the 71st Regiment. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 229 Mr. Benham was associated in business for a number of years with the large tin-ware and house-furnishing goods firm of Ben ham & Co. He is at present of Brooklyn, E. D. On February 21, 1872 (that being his twenty-sixth birthday), he married Nellie H., daughter of Richard Cornell, Esq., of Flush ing, L. I. He has one daughter, named Elizabeth. Mr. Benham is a man of good executive ability, and stands high in the commercial community. His military record is excellent and he stands well with his comrades. A. S. BLAKE Was bom in New Bedford, Mass., January 19, 1834. He attended the public school in New Bedford, and completed his education at Andover College, Mass. After leaving school he entered a dry- goods house in Lowell, Mass., where he remained until 1848. Im bibing something of the spirit of his revolutionary ancestors, he tried to enlist as a drummer boy in a company just starting for Mexico, with which we were at war at that time. He was then but fourteen years of age, and was prevented from enlisting by parental authority. He was afterwards in the drug business, and was for two years clerk in a hotel in Virginia. In 1856 he entered the employ of The Adams Express Company, in which service he has continued for thirty years, having arisen from the position of label boy to that of superintendent of a division. He now has charge of one of the branch offices of Adams Express in New York city. He joined F Company, 71st Regiment, November 20, 1858, and in 1861 was promoted 3d Sergeant. He was mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment in April, 1861, and partici pated in the first battle of Bull Run, and in all the incidents of that campaign. He was detailed on the gunboat Mount Vernon, as assistant gunner, and was with the party of two boats' crew whieh captured the rebel schooner Johnson at night on the Po tomac river, loaded with salt, quinine, and a valuable lot of letters intended for the Rebel Army. He continued in the State service until July, 1866, when he was honorably discharged. In January of 1861 he accompanied Butler's Expedition to Ship Island, Miss., and thence to New Orleans, La., with Farragut's fleet, and for over five years had charge of this division of Adams 230 THE AMERICAN GUARD Express Co., comprising the States of Louisiana, Texas, Alabama, and a portion. of Florida and Mississippi, with headquarters at New Orleans. During this period he sent over $35,000,000 from the soldiers and sailors in the Union Army and Navy to their families in the North. He remained there until July, 1866, when he re sumed his duties with the company in New York. Is a member of J. A. Dix Post, G. A. R. 135, also of Metropolitan Lodge 273, F. and A. M. In 1868 he married Miss Tallulah Townsend, of Fulton, N. Y. They have two children. Mr. Blake joined the Veteran Association January 20, 1870. WILLIAM J. BOGERT, Son of the veteran Wm. F. Bogert, was born in New York city, April 3d, 1853. He was educated at the public school. After leaving school he commenced his business career with the Pennsyl vania R. R. Co., in April, 1866. He is now freight agent of the company at their office. No. 1 Astor House. He joined Company C, 71st Regiment, in February, 1870, as private, being then only 17 years of age. He served for three years without losing a drill, parade, or meeting. In the Winter of 1873 he removed to New Jersey, and was unable to devote time to military matters. In 1875, at his own request, he was dropped from the roll. In 1872 he married Martha E. Casilear, of New York city. Has four children. He is a member of the benevolent order of th6 Royal Arcanum. WM. F. BOGERT. The personal history of Mr. Bogert is identified with and forms a part of the history of the regiment, from its organization as the American Rifies down to the present time, covering a period of over thirty-two years of active service. Wm. F. Bogert was bom in Astoria, L. I., Nov. 23, 1827. He removed with his parents in infancy to New York, where he has since remained. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 231 His military experience commenced in June, 1850, when he, with eight others, organized the American Rifles, and received their first instruction in military tactics. He was a member of Company C, the first company to complete its quota, and the only one which has been identified with the regiment from the date of its organization. During his long term of service Mr. Bogert was present at nearly every drill, meeting and parade. He took part in the " Se poy War" at Staten Island, the Dead Rabbit riots, and other prominent events before the war. He was mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment in 1861, and took part in all the exciting events of that campaign. Again, in 1863, he went with the regi ment to tiie front, and participated in the P.ennsylvania campaign. Ill 1866 he was elected Quartermaster Sergeant, and held the posi tion for eleven years. During his active service since the war he has turned out with the regiment on every important occasion. He has never been discharged,, and while he has done no active duty for the past three years, he is still enrolled "as a member. The grandfather and great-grandfather of Mr. Bogert both served in the War of the Revolution. The latter was confined a prisoner in the old prison ship, where so many of the brave patriots died from hunger and ill treatment. Mr. Bogert's father was a member of the old President's Guards, one of the early military or ganizations of New York. In 1852 Mr. Bogert married Miss Lemira Waite of New York city. They have six living children (one deceased), viz., William Jesse, John W., Lawrence, Hannah Moore, Ambrose Everett Burn side, and Frank Meade. William Jesse, the eldest, joined Company C, in February, 1870, and served for a period of si.x; years, when removal from the State caused his name to be dropped from the roll. John W., the second son, joined Company 0, January 2d, 1874, was transferred to the 47th Regiment, March 17th, 1879, because of removal to Brooklyn, where he completed his term of service, and received an honorable discharge. Mr. Bogert has been for thirty-five years "with the clothing house, corner of Fulton and Nassau streets, formerly P. L. Rogers & Co., now Raymond & Co. 232 THE AMERICAN GUARD. LIEUT. GEORGE H. BROMLEY, The only son of Rev. Henry Bromley and Jane M. Balis, was bom in Norwich, Conn., December 25, 1834. He received a liberal education at the schools of his native town, and was afterwards sent to the preparatory institute at Suffield, Conn. After leaving school he removed to New York, and was engaged for some years in the saddlery hardware business. The military career of Lieut. Bromley covers a period of thirty years. He was one of the constituent members of F Company, 71st Regiment, commanded at that time by Captain Tompkins. The date of Lieut. Bromley's enrollment was September 20, 1856. He took part with his regiment in all the events preceding the war, and was an active participant in the Dead Rabbit riots. He enlisted with his regiment in April, 1861, and went with it to the front. On August 27, 1861, he was mustered into the U. S. service by Inspector-General D. B. Sackett, for two years. Sep tember 1, 1861, he was appointed Quartermaster's Sergeant of 32d Regiment, N. Y. Volunters, and in April, 1862, at the embark ation of the division from Alexandria to the Peninsula, he was appointed, by order of General Newton, Acting Quartermaster. He served under General McClellan in the Peninsular cam paign, and took part in the battles of West Point, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, and Savage Station. On June 25, 1862, he was -dis charged from service at camp near Richmond, Va., for physical disability. In February, 1862, he was appointed Lieutenant for gallant and meritorious conduct ; but, owing to the political pressure in New York State, the appointment was not conflrmed, and a pet of the State administration was appointed in his place. His long service and ripe experience justly entitled him to the honor of which he was deprived. On his retum to New York he continued his connection with the 71st Regiment, and was an active participant in all the exciting events with which his regiment has been connected since the war. In February, 1857, Mr. Bromley married Miss Almira B., daugh ter of Edward Spinning, Esq., of New York. They have two chil dren, viz., Emma J., and Mamie E. For some years past Mr. Bromley has been a resident of Orange, N. J. He is a member of Commonwealth Lodge 409, F. and A. M. of Brooklyn, N. Y., and of Orient Chapter 137, R. A. M. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 233 CAPTAIN CHAS. E. BROWN SENIOR CAPTAIN VETERAN ASSOCIATION, Was born in New York city, March 23d, 1842. Enlisted in E Company, 71st Regiment, October 2d, 1862. Was mustered into the United States service in June, 1863, and remained on duty with the regiment during its service in the field and during the draft riots in New York. In June, 1866, was promoted Corporal, and in July, 1867, Sergeant, and was elected Lieutenant, December, 1869, which position he held until December 20th, 1875, when he re signed; during this time participated in the Orange riot of 1871 and other services which the regiment was called upon to perform. In April, 1870, was elected a member of the Veteran Association, 71st Reg't, and for some years past has been Senior Captain of that association. Is at present a member of Lafayette Post, G. A. R., of New York. He has always been in the banking business, and for the past eighteen (18) years has been the Cashier of the Elev enth Ward Bank, New York city, which position he still holds. CLINTON E. BRUSH. Joshua, the American ancestor of the Brush family, settled in Suffolk county, L. I., about 1689. The great-great-grandfather of Mr. Brush was impressed into the British service during the War of the Revolution, and after remaining over two years he refused to serve longer, and was confined in the old prison ship, from which he finally made his escape. On his mother's side Mr. Brush is de scended from the old Hollanders of Columbia Co., N. Y. Clinton E. Brush was born in New York city, May 24, 1844. He was educated in the rudimentary branches at Grammar School No. 40, and afterwards attended tiie Free Academy, now known as the College ofthe City of New York. He was a member of the Junior class in 1861, and gave up his studies at the age of seven teen to join the house ot Hastings, Cook & Valentine, wholesale fancy goods dealers, as clerk. In September, 1862, he went with Mr. Hastings, who withdrew from the firm and started in the same line of business under the firm name of Hastings & Potter. Mr. Brush remained, with the firm four years, and in February, 1866, he was admitted as a partner under the firm name of Hastings & 234 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Brush. In 1874, he sold his interest and started in business alone, at 37 Walker street. In 1877, he started a branch house at Toronto, Canada, under the firm name of Clinton E. Brush & Bro. He was the largest importer of dress trimmings of any house in that country. On January 1, 1885, at the earnest solicitation of the Chicago Corset Company of Chicago, manufacturers of the Ball corset, he was induced to give up his personal connection with his own iiusi- ness and establish a N"ew York branch of the Chicago Corset Com pany. The corset business had previously been monopolized by eastern manut'acturers, and the competition was very strong, but Mr. Brush commenced a system pf judicious advertising on a large scale, and within one year had opened 1,600 accounts, and witli orders far in excess of their immediate supply. This remarkable success under the circumstances was almost unprecedented. Few men of his age have ever accomplished as much in so short a period. The military experience of Mr. Brush commenced in 186.; ; when he was but eighteen years of age he joined B Compan}', 71st Regiment, in September, 1862. He remained with the regiment throughout the campaign, and went with it to the front in 1863. He returned in time to assist in the suppression of the draft riots the same year. He remained with the regiment until November, 1869, and during that -period participated in every public event with which the regiment was connected. He had an excellent record and received an honoi-able discharge. He joined the Veteran Association, 71st Regiment, in 1876. He is also connected with Bunting Lodge 633, F. and A. M., of which he was a charter member. He is a member of Sylvan Chap ter 188, R. A. M. He was elected a trustee of the Union Dime Savings Bank in 1871, resigned in 1S82, when he removed his family to Toronto, Ontario. He is at present a resident of South Orange, N. J. Mr. Brush married, November 10, 1869, Miss Eliza T., daughter of Wm. S. Whitlock of New York. They have five children, viz., Rebecca W., Cornelia, William W., Grace L. and Clinton E., Jr. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 235 EDWIN COE Was born in Ramapo, Rockland County, N. Y., April 23, 1820. In height he is six feet and over. He has a commanding presence. His boyhood and manhood were passed iu the city of New York, and he was known to all the boys of the New York volunteer fire department, of the veteran organization of which he is a member, as well as a member of the Veteran Corps of the 71st Regiment. His manner is of that genial nature ^hich impresses his friends, and he holds the friendships of the p&st imost sacredly. He enlisted in the 71st Regiment,. April 19, 1861, leaving a lucrative position in the Board of Education of the city of New York. The regiment was sent to Washington Navy Yard, April 21, 1861. He marched with the boys from Annapolis to tiie Junc tion, and was engaged in the battle at Bull Run. VVhile the regi ment was in Washington volunteers were called for to man the steamers on the river Potomac, and he was one of twenty-one who volunteered and were assigned to duty on the steamer Baltimore. While the steamer was patrolling the river Potomac, Col. Ellsworth. had his command ashore at Alexandria. A company of marines were landed by the steamer Baltimore to assist Col. E. When Ellsworth was shot Coe was among those who assisted the dying Colonel to a place of safety ; when he died Coe helped to sew the body up in the flag. When the 71st Regiment returned to the city of New York, Coe was given the position of color-bearer, and he proudly carried the old battle-flag through the streets of the metropolis. A laughable incident occurred when the regiment halted in Bond street previous to dismissal. Color-Sergeant Scott had taken his place, relieving Coe. In appearance he (S.) resembled Coe, with a long flowing beard. Coe's daughter, now Mrs. Col. Geo. D. Wolcott, espied her father, as she thought, and rushing throiigh the crowd threw her arms around Scott's neck and kissed him, sobbing out "Father!" Scott gently released himself, when the mistake was discovered, and Miss Coe was led to her father, who enjoyed the joke very much. At the present time Mr. Coe is an assistant clerk in the Supe rior Court ; he has been connected with the court the past twelve years, and is as young as his son, Lieut. Coe. He resides in Bank' street, in the old American Ninth Ward ; he is surrounded by his children and loving grandcliildren, who cheer him in his old age. 236 THE AMERICAN GUARD. LIEUTENANT JOSEPH BREWSTER COE Was born in New York city forty-four years ago. He was a mem ber of the 71st Regiment for nine years. He was 2d Lieut, of D Co., afterwards 1st Lieut., and received unanimous vote for Captain, whieh he' declined. During the war he was Paymaster's clerk on the gunboat Monticello, under the command of Lieut. Com mander Braine, U. S. Navy, afterwards promoted to Master's Mate by Admiral Goldsborough. Was engaged principally on blockade service off Cape Fear rivei-. Fort Caswell. They destroyed the Confederate steamer Nashville, also opened fire on Fort Caswell; flre returned, and shells flew thick and fast. Lieut. Coe was given the position of signal officer by Commander Braine, signalling with Coston's code of signals. They captured one or two Confederate vessels, which they destroyed. Lieut. Coe is a uniformed member of the Veteran Corps. He is special Deputy Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, and has been connected with the court the past nineteen years. He was admitted to practice at the New York Supreme Court bar, in the year 1867, by Judge Clerke of the Supreme Court. RUSSEL T. COE. The earliest record of the Coe family states that one " Robert Coe," of Milford, Suffolkshire, Eng., was burned by Queen May, September, 1565, on account of his religion. Robert Coe, the American ancestor of the Coe family, came from -Suffolkshire, Eng., in 1634, and settled in Watertown, near Boston, Mass. In the winter of 1635-6 he, with a number of others, started for the Connecticut Valley, and settled at Pequaug — now Wethersfleld — which they purchased of the Indians. On October 30, 1640, Robert Coe and twenty other planters, purchased Reppowams (Stamford), of New Haven Colony, for £33, and commenced a settlement there. At the General Court in New Haven, April 5th, 1643, a court having the same powers as that at New Haven, was established ^t Stamford, and he was appointed one of the assistant judges. It is probable that at a later period, some of the descendants of Robert Coe settled in that part of Wallingford now known as Meri- den, Conn. ; others settled in that part of the town of Middletown THE AMERICAN GUARD. 237 known as Middlefleld in Middlesex county. The father of Russel T. Coe was born in Middlefield, and afterwards removed to Meri- den, Conn. Russel T. Coe, the subject of this sketch, was born in Meriden, Conn., August 31st, 1847. He was sent to boarding-schools at Fair Haven and Middletown, Conn., but evinced no taste for a profes sion. He was finally sent to Eastman's Business College at Pough keepsie, N. Y., where he received a commercial education. In the spring of 1865 his father, with a Mr. Currier, of Boston, purchased the Continental Hotel, 442 Broadway. His father, then a traveling man, could not attend to the business, so placed his son, Russel T., in the office as book-keeper and representative of his interest ; he had not been there long, however, when he informed his father, though quite young, that it would not be to his interest to continue on in partnership with Mr. Currier; his father, returned in the fall and sold his interest. One week later his father purchased the Revere House, 606 and 608 Broadway, taking his son, Russel T., with him ; he had not been there long, when he became a partner ; he continued on in the Revere House, until March, 1870, when they sold out to a Mr. Fowler. In April, 1870, his father and himself purchased the Spingler House, in Union Square, of Mr. Cannon, Jr., where be continued something over two years, the house afterwards being torn down. He returned to his old quarters, the Revere House, in January, 1873. The father and son still continue at these quarters, and they have re-established the reputation which the house had so long enjoyed. Russel T. Coe commenced his military career in 1867, as a pri vate in Company G, 71st Regiment, then quartered in Old Centre Market Armory, fronting Broome and Grand streets, Theo. W. Parmalee being Colonel. The company afterwards was removed to the corner of 13th street and University place, then to 32d street Armory, and finally to its present quarters at 35th street junction of Broadway and 6th avenue. Mr. Coe was one of the prominent social features of that company, which are just as essential in the National Guard as the distinguishing military qualities. He en joyed a deserved popularity with his comrades. He was prompt to obey every call of the regiment, whether for dress-parade or the more serious business of suppressing riots. During the Orange riots he performed his duty faithfully, and took part in every event of importance. In August, 1868, was elected Corporal, and after wards a Sergeant, and subsequently made Color-Sergeant. He re- 238 THE AMERICAN GUARD. ceived an honorable discharge in 1875, from Richard Vose, Colonel. He has been for some years a member of the Veteran Military As sociation where his talents, as a public provider, are called into fre quent requisition. He takes an active interest in everything that concerns the business affairs of the old Seventy-First. During the fair held in 1883 he was one of the most active and earnest work ers, and rendered valuable service in helping to swell the Armory fund. SECOND LIEUT. CHARLES HASTINGS GOON. Mr. Coon was born in Cleveland, 0., Nov. 24, 1841. He came to New York in 1859, and was employed in the importing house of Francis, Tomes & Co. He remained there until 1863, when he returned to Cleveland. In 1863 he received from Governor Den nison, of Oliio, a commission as Second Lieutenant, but was never mustered, on account of circumstances which preven4;ed his active service in the army. He afterwards went to Memphis, Tenn., where he was engaged in the jewelry business. He came to New York in the winter of 1869, and soon alter went to Cleveland and thence to Chicago. He remained in the latter place until its de- structidn by fire. He returned to Cleveland in 1372, where he remained for about four years. In 1878 he returned to New York and entered the jewelry house of Thomas Kirkpatrick. He commenced liis military career in April, 1861, by enlisting in F Company, Captain Aug. Ellis, 71st Regiment. He was mus tered into the U. S. service, April 20, 1861, took part in the first battle of Bull Run, and in all the skirmishes precedii;ig and subse quent to that battle. He was one of the twenty wiio volunteered to go on a secret service mission on the steamer Mount Vernon to Fortress Monroe. The rebel flag was flying at Alexandria as they passed. The party returned safely after accomplishing their mis sion. Mr. Coon went out again in 1862, and encamped with the regi ment at Tenallytown. In 1863 he was again mustered into the service of the United States. While the regiment was encamped at Carlisle Mr. Coon received a partial sunstroke, and was sent home. During the draft riots, immediately following his return, he remained on duty for some time in the State service. He subse- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 239 quently took part with the regiment in the suppression of the Orange riots. He joined the Veteran Association about 1882. In 1885 he mar ried Miss Alice La Faye, of New York. Leonaid Stockwell, the maternal grandfather of Mr. Coon, fought in the War of 1812, and lived to be eighty-six years old, CAPTAIN THERON S. COPELAND. The public services of Captain Copeland would fill a volume. For nearly forty years he has been conspicuous for his bravery, his coolness and self-possession, and unflinching courage, under the most trying'circumstances. Capt. Copeland was born at Coeymans, Albany Co., N. Y., July 28, 1831. He is of Scotch descent. His grandfather, John Copeland, came to this country previous to the Revolution, and was one of the " minute men " who responded to the call for troops in every emergency. The father of Capt. Copeland was a Justice of the Peace and a prominent man in his native town. Young Copeland removed with his parents to New York city, in 1835, and after leaving school he learned the trade of brass moulder. June 18, 1851, he enlisted in Company C, American Rifles. He received his instruction in military tactics from Colonel Tomp kins, U. S. A. He was promoted to 2d and 1st Sergeant. In 1859 he was presented with a gold medal by the State for " meritorious services," and was also presented with a gold medal for " Superior Marksmanship with the Rifle." In 1856 he was appointed patrolman in the Metropolitan Police Department; in July, 1857, he was made roundsman; in March, 1858, was promoted Sergeant, and in October, 1862, was made Captain. At the breaking out of the war he rendered far more efficient service at home than he possibly could have done in the field. By reason of his superior military knowledge he was detailed by the Board of Police to instruct the force in military tactics. For this purpose he was assigned to the Central Office, where he remained for a period of sixteen years, five of which he was at the head of the class of instruction, and for two years was aid to the Superintend- 240 THE AMERICAN GUARD. ent. During the draft riots, in July, 1863, the police w^re so well drilled in military tactics that they were equal to an army of vet eran soldiers, and succeeded in putting down the mob, which out' numbered them a hundred to one. The conduct of Capt. Copeland during these trying scenes is spoken of in the highest terms. Hie services are thus referred to in the report : " Sergeant T. S. Copeland, whose services as drill-officer to the police have been of the utmost value, was one of the most effi cient of the officers during Riot-week. His first duty was organiz ing the command of Inspector Carpenter, which, on Monday after noon, met the mob at Broadway and Amity street. He had the second blow in what was a gallant fight and a quick and complete victory." "His conduct elicited the hearty encomiums of his superior offi cers, and he was not only valuable because of his military knowl edge, and the promptness and ability with which he formed com mands, but also as a cool, gallant and faithful officer." In 1862 Capt. Copeland was sent, in command of three hundred and fifty officers and men, to Riker's Island, to quell a military in surrection which had broken out among the military recruits quartered there. He was also sent, in command of fifty men, to quell a similar disturbance at Camp Washington, Staten Island ; and to Tarrytown, on the Hudson, on a similar errand. On the application of Gen. Bowen, C'apt. Copeland was mustered into the U. S. service for the purpose of organizing the Second Metropolitan Regiment (One Hundred and Thirty-Third N. Y. Volunteers), a duty which he performed in a satisfactory manner in thirty days. The regiment proved to be one of the best in the service. During his long term of service, Capt. Copeland has made a number of important arrests, and has several times been injured in the discharge of his duty. In 1861 he married Miss Susan Hoffman, deceased, October, 1869. On November 4, 1871, he married Miss Rosetta, daughter of W. A. Campbell, Esq., of Washington, D.C. He has seven living children. Capt. Copeland was one of the charter members of Veteran As sociation, 71st Regiment, and served one term as Lieut.-Colonel. THE AMERICAN GUARD, 241 GEORGE B. DAVIS Was born at Clifton, Staten Island, N. Y., March 22, 1835. He received the usiial course of instruction in the public school, and afterward attended the Military School of Rev. Thomas Towel. After leaving school he was clerk for a time in a wholesale grocery house. In 1854 he joined the Island Light Guards (73d Regiment, N. Y. S. M.), commanded by Col. Osgood. His company was trans ferred to B Company, 71st Regiment, and subsequently to F Com pany. Mr. Davis enlisted with the 71st in April, 1861, and partici pated in the first battle of Bull Run and the several skirmishes during the three months service of the regiment. His seven years' term of service expired on the 21st of July, on which the battle of Bull Run was fought. He continued with the 71st, however, until the regiment returned to New York. In the fall of 1861 he joined the (J. S. Despatch-boat Connecticut, commanded by Capt. Wood- hull. The vessel was used for carrying the mails and conveying supplies to the blockading squadron. He continued in this service for two years. In 1865 he entered the Bank of America, where he has re mained ever since. He joined the Veteran Association, 7lst Regiment, in 1882. He is a member of the New York Athletic Club, Staten Island Cricket Club, and other social organizations. BREVET BRIG. GENERAL NICHOLAS W. DAY. The great-grandfather of General Day was an officer in the war of the Revolution, and his maternal grandfather fought in the war of 1812. His father was Horace H. Day, whose famous litigation with the Goodyear Rubber Company is so familiar to the Ameri can public. General Day was bom in New Brunswick, N. J., January 18, 1839. His early education was received at Rutger's Grammar School in his native town. He received special instructions in military drill and tactics from Colonel Tompkins, U. S. A. He joined Company F, 71st Regiment, in 1859, as Corporal, and was promoted Sergeant the same year. Was made Quartermaster- Sergeant, April 26, 1861, and the same day went with the regiment 16 242 THE AMERICAN GUARD. to the front on three months' service. He took part in the first battle of Bull Run, acting at the time as Sergeant Major of the regiment. He took part in all the skirmishes and minor engage ments of that campaign. Soon after his retum he assisted in raising the 96th Regiment N. Y. Volunteers, at Plattsburg, N. Y., and was commissioned Captain of Company H, January 18, 1862. He was mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment, March 27, 1862. He joined McClellan's forces in the Peninsula campaign and participated in the battles of Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, White Oak Swamp, and Malvern Hill. During a portion of the time he served on the staff of General Keys, of the 4th Army Corps. On September 11, 1862, he was appointed Major of the 131st Regiment N. Y. Volunteers, and on December 31, 1862, was pro moted to Lieut.-Colonel; on February 16, 1863, was made Colonel of the regiment. He accompanied Banks' expedition to Louisiana in December, 1862, and his was the first regiment to land at Baton Rouge. The landing was effected under the fire of the U. S. Ironclad Essex. Colonel Day took part in the battles of Plain's Store in the rear of Port Hudson, May 21, 1863. Previous to this he took part in the battles of Irish Bend and Bisland, and the several engagements preceding the siege of Port Hudson. He participated in the siege and both assaults of Port Hudson. He afterwards took part in the battles of Donaldsonville and Vermillion Bayou. In May, 1864, he accompanied General Emory's 19th Corps to Bermuda Hundred, Va., and from there proceeded to Tenally town, in the rear of Washington ; from there he took a provisional brigade to join Sheridan in the valley. At the battle of Winchester or Opequan, fought September 10, 1864, he was highly compli mented on the field by Generals Emory and Molineux, for the brilliant manoeuvre of his regiment and his gallantry on the battle field, and was recommended by them for promotion. He after wards took part in the battles of Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. He was then sent to Grover's Division, 19th Army Corps, to Savannah, Ga., and placed in command of 3d Brigade, 19th Army Corps. He reported to General Sherman and opened his base of supplies at Morehead city ; from there he went to Goldsboro', N. C, and relieved General Schofield in the command of Goldsboro'. In , 1866, he received the surrender of the rebel Colonel Stanton's forces at Stantonsville, N. C. After the surrender of \ THE AMERICAN GUARD. 243 Johnson, in April, 1865, General Day was placed in command of the defenses at Savannah, Ga. He was mustered out of service at Savannah, Ga., July 1, 1865, and returned to Hart's Island, New York Harbor, with his regiment, where it was disbanded and the men discharged. Since the organization of the Grand Army of the Republic, General Day has been one of its most active and energetic workers in' the ranks, and enjoys a marked degree of popularity among his comrades. He is Past Commander of John A. Dix Post, G. A. R., one of the strongest and most prominent Posts in the New York State Department of the G. A. R. He is a member of the Execu tive Committee at large of the Veterans' Rights Union, which he was largely instrumental in organizing. He joined the Veterans' Association of the 71st Regiment, on June 23, 1871. He is a member of Niagara Frontier Lodge No. 132, F. and A. M., and other benevolent and social organizations. EDMUND DEMMLER Was born in New York city, January 8, 1854. On January 28, 1876, he joined G Company, 71st Regiment. In 1877 he was elected Corporal ; in 1880 elected Sergeant, and in 1881 elected First Sergeant. After serving for eight years he was honorably discharged on April 18, 1884. During his term of service he took part in every prominent event with which his regiment was con nected. He held the championship medal of the regiment for a year. The competition medals offered by Colonel McAlpin and Captain Belton to the 71st Regiment Rifle Club, were both won by Mr. Demmler. He was a member of the team that won the Colonel Oliphant trophy for volley and file firmg. This team won it five times out of seven. He was also a member of the team that repre sented the 71 st Regiment at all meetings of the U. R. A. in 1879, and made the highest average score on the team. The same year there were prizes offered for rapid firing, open for teams of two from every company of the National Guard who should elect to contest. Mr. Demmler composed one of the team from G Com pany. The second prize of $50 in gold was won by him and his partner. Mr. Demmler fired the largest number of shots within a given time of any of his competitors. He fired nineteen shots in 244 THE AMERICAN .GUARD. two minutes besides filling his cartridge box. He was a member of. the National Rifie Association, and during his connection with that organization won a number of prizes. He is a member of Charity Lodge, F. and A. M. In 1878 he married Miss Olivia Keller, of New York city. They have one child, named Charles William. HENRY L. DOWNEY Was born in Stapleton, Staten Island, N. Y., May 20, 1860. He received a fair education, and in 1873 he entered the employ of International Elevating Association, where he remained for nine years. In 1883 he accepted a position as grain inspector in the office of Wm. R. Carr, Lehigh Valley Grain Lighterage Company. In 1875 he joined D Company, 71st Regiment, as private, and in 1877 was elected Corporal. He remained in the same company, under Capt. Clark, until November, 1881, when he was honorably discharged. He accompanied the regiment to the Centennial Ex hibition in Philadelphia in 1876. Participated in the suppression of the railroad riots in 1877 ; accompanied the regiment on the ex cursion to New Orleans in Febmary, 1881. He was an active par ticipant in the Creedmoor target practice, and took the marksman's badge for five consecutive years. He made an excellent record as a marksman. He completed his full term of service in the Na tional Guard, and in 1885 was elected a member of the Veteran Association. CAPT. ALBERT A. DRAKE. FORMERLY COMMANDING COMPANT G, 37tH REGIMENT. The military life of Captain Drake is so closely interwoven with the history of the 37th Regiment (which amalgamated with the 71st after its disbandment), as to form a part of its history, and to write the one necessarily involves that of the other. Captain Drake is a direct descendant of the distinguished Sir Francis A. Drake, and he is said to bear a close resemblance to that illustrious nobleman. The indomitable will, tenacity of pur pose and bull-dog courage which have made him successful in every E. BIERSTADT, N Y. CAPT. ALBERT A. DRAKE. "STet'n, ass'n, FDrmErly 3Ztli. Reg't, N, E. S, N. Y, THE AMERICAN GUARD. 245 undertaking in life were the distinguishing characteristics of his illustrious ancestor. The American ancestor of the Drake family was among the early settlers of Massachusetts, where the father of Capt. Drake was born. The father removed to New York in 1833, and was the first one of that name in the New York Directory. Like the son, he was an active, driving, pushing, energetic man, and made a stir among the old Knickerbockers of the Empire city. Albert A. Drake was born in New York city, September 1, 1834. He attended the Mechanics' Institute, and received private instruction from J. H. Patton, author of a History of the United States. He made his public debut in 1848, as clerk in the wholesale grocery house of Rowe, Woodruff & Carter, where he remained for four years. In 1852 he joined his brother as a clerk in the stock brokerage business. In 1859 he became a member of the Stock Exchange, and was taken into partnership with his brother, under the firm name of James M. Drake & Co., subsequently Drake Brothers, and for several years past the business has been conducted under the name of Albert A. Drake. The restless, adventurous spirit of Mr. Drake first found vent in the old volunteer Fire Department. He became a member of No. 29 Hose Company after the time of its disbandment, and as sisted in reorganizing it under the name of the Metamoras Hose Company. He subsequently joined Amity Hose Company, No. 38, located in Amity street near 6th avenue. The gallant deeds of the brave " fire laddies " of that day are matters of public record. At the breaking out of the war this element was utilized by Mr. Drake for organizing a Home Guard, known as the Union Grays, which commenced with a single Company, and soon grew into a Battalion. Mr. Drake was elected Captain of Company A. The headquarters of the Battalion was at Rhinelander Hall, Sixth avenue, opposite the junction of Eighth street. Soon after its organization certain prominent citizens in the in terest of home defense, made overtures to the officers of Com panies B, C and D to organize a regiment of Home Guards to be known as the Manhattan Guard. These officers readily acceded to the propositions, and the men followed them into the new organization. Capt. Drake was not consulted in the matter, and was left in rather an unceremonious manner. He was subse quently offered the command of a company, and permitted to 246 THE AMERICAN GUARD. take the letter G, and a specified time given him to fill the quota. Humiliating as were the terms, considering the important service he had rendered in the original organization, he accepted the com mand of the company on the condition that he should be per mitted to name a Captain and First Lieutenant. He completed his quota within the time specified. Upon the completion of the organization of the Manhattan Guard, it became the 37th Regi ment, N. Y. S. M. In May, 1862, the regiment was orderd to Washington. While on the way orders were received to stop at Baltimore. The first night was spent on the platform of the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. The following morning the regiment left for Camp Belger (named from Adjt.-General Belger, who was then in command at Baltimore), under General Wool. It rained incessantly for about ten days, and the regiment suffered great inconvenience. When, at last, old Sol put in an appearance, the welcome face of the muster ing officer came also, and the regiment was mustered into service. The Captain and First Lieutenant of Company G refused to be mustered in, they being the only ones who refused. Second Lieu tenant Drake was then sworn in as Captain, and named Sergeant William Miner (son of Dr. Miner, of New York city), as First Lieu tenant and Sergeant W. H. Brewer as 2d Lieutenant. Captain Drake had command of the guard at Camden street Hospital, Baltimore, for thirty days, having succeeded Company E of the same regiment. In consequence of the frequent arrivals of the sick and wounded from the front, which were conveyed on stretchers to the hospital. Captain Drake, at times, had to keep his men four hours on and two hours off duty. One Sunday morning he sent his compliments to the Colonel commanding the Seventh New York Regiment (then stationed at Fort Fed eral Hill), with the request for a guard to relieve his — Captain Drake's — men. That officer immediately responded by sending one hundred men in fatigue uniform, who volunteered to serve. When the regiment arrived at Baltimore they met with rather a cool reception by the citizens, but Colonel Roome of the 37th gave special instructions to his officers to treat the citizens with due consideration, and to do nothing to cause unnecessary inconvenience or irritation, and when the regiment took its depai'ture, they passed under an arch erected by the citizens of Baltimore, over which was inscribed the words, "Welcome 37th." The regiment returned to New York and was mustered out at 600 Broadway. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 247 Some months later the regiment was ordered to Fort Wads worth, New York harbor, and was again mustered into the U. S. service for thirty days, this being the first militia regiment which was placed in command of a U. S. fort. The officers of the regi ment were treated with distinguished consideration by the U. S. Army officers stationed at Fort Hamilton, who paid them frequent visits during their stay. For the purpose of keeping his men occupied and to provide against accidents liable to arise where a large body of men were quartered. Captain Drake organized a Fire Department of which he was made Chief. It was not long before their services were re quired. One of the buildings, which contained several important papers, took fire, and, through the efforts of Captain Drake and his well-drilled fire department, the papers were all saved. The officers tried to devise means to relieve the monotony of camp-life, and finally organized a Spieler Brotherhood, by which the non-commissioned could meet with the commissioned officers, without impairing the discipline of the regiment, required in the rank distinctions. While on duty at this point, two of the com panies were ordered to Fort Columbus, Governor's Island. In 1863, when the regiment was again ordered out, Captain Drake, owing to domestic afflictions, was compelled, much against his inclinations, to remain at home. In the absence of the regiment, however, he bad charge of some seventj' men, and rendered valu able service in the suppression of the draft riots in July of that year. He remained on duty for thirty-three days. At the election for Major of the regiment, in 1864, Captain Drake was a candidate, and came within two votes of being elected. He resigned from the regiment in 1865, on his removal to New Jersey. Ou October 12th, 1870, several members of his company, who were scattered from Maine to California, met at the Seventy-first Regiment Armory, and gave expression to their sentiments, which were afterwards beautifully engrossed by D. Stanton, and encased in an elegant gilt frame, four by five feet. This was subsequently presented to Captain Drake. The following is a copy : At a meeting of Company G, Thirty-seventh Regiment, N. G., S. N. Y., held at the Armory of the Seventy-first Regiment, October 12, 1880, the undersigned Committee were appointed to provide a suitable testimonial as a recognition of the valuable services, through a period of several years, of our late Captain Albert A. Drake. 248 THE AMERICAN GUARD. We desire, therefore, to testify our hearty appreciation of those services, and our warmest esteem and high regard for one who has proved so true a friend as our late Commandant. Elected Second Lieutenant, September 7, 1861. Elected Captain, Oc tober 3, 1863. In each of these positions, firmness and fidelity in the performance of every duty ; unswerving integrity to the interests of his company, un varying impartiality of administration, and readiness to lead his command to the field it, defense of the Union and the Constitution, have marked Albert A. Drake as the true soldier, " without fear and without reproach ; " and though our official connection has ceased, and the existence of Com pany G, Thirty-seventh Regiment, is dissolved, we, who have composed its membership, now tender to our late Captain, Albert A. Drake, our con tinued esteem and friendship, wishing for him through the future, all hap piness and prosperity, and bespeaking for him in whatever position he may be placed, that association of good feeling and warm regard to which his manly and generous qualities entitle him. Committee. — R. H. Galpin, Charles H. Patrick, James T. Chisholm, John J. Hemming, Alonzo A. Donaldson. " Ibimus guocumque officium vocat." This was one of the happiest events of his life, for it showed not only that his efforts to elevate and improve the men in his com mand had been duly appreciated, but that lapse of years and long separation had bound still stronger the ties of friendship which held them together. When the By-Laws of the Veteran Association, Seventy-first Regiment, were changed, so as to admit the members of the 37th, Captain Drake was among the first to come in under tbe new regime, and has been twice elected Captain. His desire to aid his fellow-men and fulfill the golden rule, led him manj' years ago to unite with the masonic fraternity. He is, at present, a member of St. Nicholas Lodge, F. and A. M., No. 321, of New York, and has passed to the 32d degree in the Scotch Rite. Since his removal to New Jersey, he has taken an active inter est in politics, and in 1870 he represented the Republican party in the State Legislature. He was a member of the Committee of Commerce and Navigation, and discharged his duties to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. He was an open foe to jobberv of every kind, and a firm believer in honest legislation. During the Presidential campaign 1880, he organized tho Bank- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 249 ers' and Brokers' Repnblican Association from the New York Stock Exchange, the first meeting of which was held in his office. Dur ing each succeeding campaign, he has worked faithfully for the suc cess of his party. In 1876 he married Miss Amelia, daughter of Isaac Lewis, a prominent builder of New York (wh© had two sons in the Seventh Regiment). Two children were born to them — one deceased ; the name ofthe surviving one is Helen. Captain Drake is an original character. His individuality is indelibly stamped on everything with which he is connected. No one can question that he has the courage of his convictions, for when once his mind is made up, be clings to his position with a bull-dog tenacity. He is generous to a fault, and his bump of benevolence would astonish a phrenologist. To say that he is popu lar with his numerous associates would be using a mild term. The old 7l8t Veterans have not a bigger-hearted, truer man, in their ranks. JOHN S. DURAND, THE OLDEST VETERAN 01' THE SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. John S. Dueand served for thirty consecutive years as an active member of the Seventy-first Regiment, and has grown gray in the service. He was bom in New York city, December 26, 1826. He joined Company B, under Captain David D. Blauvelt, November 15, 1854, and served as an active member until 1884, when he received an honorable discharge. He took an active part in the suppression of the "Dead Rabbits" in 1857, and of the " Sepoj's " in 1858. In 1861 he was transferred to Company G. At the breaking out of the war he reported immediately for duty, and went with the regiment to Washington, and afterwards partic ipated in the battle of Bull Run. He comes of a patriotic family, two of his brothers having served three years in the war, one of whom died in Andersonville prison. Mr. Durand served during the draft riots of 1863, the Orange riots of 1871, and the railroad riots of 1877. He accompanied the battalion to New Orleans in 1881, and has been present with the regiment at nearly every public parade and public demonstration 250 ' THE AMERICAN GUARD. since his connection with it. On his retirement from the regiment, January 1st, 1884, his Commandant, Captain Samuel G. Blakely, thus refers to him in Company Orders No. 1 : "Your Commandant sincerely regrets to announce that private John S. Durand, the oldest member of this company and one of the oldest members of the regiment, will shortly be discharged from service after having been connected with this organization for about 35 years. He is the last member of this company who fought on the memorable battle-field of Bull Run, where our regiment earned for itself a lasting reputation and a record which will never be effaced from the pages of the history of our country. This is a record of which he may well be proud. A faithful service for so long a period in one organization is also a credit and an honor to the organization, and while regretting the loss of such a faithful soldier and comrade, I can assure him that he leaves this company with the well wishes of one and all." Mr Durand has been for a number of years a member, and still continues his connection with the Veteran Association. In 1856 he married Mary, daughter of Albert Smith, builder, of New York. He has two children, a son and daughter. MAJOR-GENERAL C. W. DUSTAN, Formerly commanding the Veteran Corps of the 71st, is a native of New York State, born on Staten Island in 1834. His father was Captain Isaac K. Dustan, who commanded the ill- fated steamer Atlantic, wrecked off Fisher's Island in 1846. Cap tain Dustan, with most of the passengers, was lost, and for several days the steamboat bell tolled the solemn requiem of the dead as one after another were cast upon the beach. At the time of his father's death young Dustan was attending Columbia Grammar School, New York city. He was afterwards sent to Rev. John Overton Chowles' school at Newport. Among his classmates were George W., son of Commodore Vanderbilt, who afterwards graduated at West Point ; Isaac Newton, late City En gineer, and other prominent persons who have since distinguished themselves in the several walks of life. Young Dustan entered the State Militia in 1854 as Second Ser geant of a company of the 73d Regiment, which was afterward consolidated with the 71st, in Company F, in which regiment he THE AMERICAN GUARD. 251 served during the campaign of 1861. After the battle of Bull Run he became Captain in the 53d Regiment, N. Y. V., serving at An napolis and in the Newbern and Hatteras expedition, under General Burnside. In 1862 he was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General, and served in Stanley's Division of the " Army of the Mississippi," during the campaign, resulting in the capture of Corinth, and in the subsequent battles of luka, Corinth, on the 3d and 4th of October, Parker's Cross Roads, &c. In 1864 was ordered to Memphis, Tenn. After serving as A. A. G. for the District of Memphis in the 16th Army Corps, was assigned, with the rank of Brigadier-General, to the command of the levies enrolled for the defense of the city. In 1865 he resigned from the Army, settled in Alabama, and became member of the Constitutional Convention. He was elected a member of the subsequent Legislatures, and was in 1868 commis sioned Major-General of the State Militia, serving five years. His old comrades in arms speak of him in the most flattering terms. Brig, ahd Brev. Major-General Stanley, U. S. A., commanding the department of Texas, says of him : " I first met Asst. Adjt.-General Dustan with the Army of the Tennessee, of the Cumberland and Army of the Mississippi, concentrated in Northern Mississippi, under General Halleck, for the advance upon Corinth, in 1862. Captain Dustan came from the east as the Adjutant-General of General Tyler." Reference is then made to the important services ren dered by the brigade of General Tyler, extending over a long period, and giving in detail the numerous engagements in which this brigade was distinguished, in- all of which Captain Dustan participated. In closing. General Stanley says: "Colonel Dustan remained as Adjutant-General of the brigade for a long period, * * * and though my personal experience as his comrade ended about this time, my old companions always wrote to me, and have many times spoken to me in the highest terms of Captain Dustan." Hon. Edward F. Noyes, who was formerly Major and Colonel of the 39th Ohio, Brigadier-General and Major-General of Volunteers, subsequently Governor of Ohio, and for four years U. S. Minister to France, refers as follows to Genera! Dustan: "I most cheerfully bear testimony to the soldierly bearing and gallant conduct of my comrade. Captain and Assistant Adjutant-General C. W. Dustan, of New York. I served in the same brigade with Captain Dustan, during the campaign of 1862-3, at Farmington, luka, and Corinth, 262 THE AMERICAN GUARD. in what was known in the Western Army as the Ohio Brigade. Among army officers and soldiers who distinguished themselves Captain Dustan was conspicuous for his efficient services to the country." LIEUT. WILLIAM A. ELMER. The American ancestors of the Elmer family were three broth ers, who came from England in 1640 and settled : one in New York, another ih New Jersey, and the third in Louisiana, at that time a Spanish settlement. William A. Elmer was born in New York city, March 17, 1843. His maternal grandfather fought in the war of the Revolution. His paternal grandfather, a native of Bennington, Vt., fought in the war of 1812. His paternal ancestors were nearly all profes sional men. Mr. Elmer was for several years clerk in a mercantile house ; after which he went in the hotel business, which he has fol lowed for eighteen years past. He was at one time proprietor of two large hotels, one in Boston, Mass., and another in Nantucket, Mass. He was for several years clerk at the Brevoort House, New York city. On May 27, 1861, he enlisted in Company C (old City Guard), ©th Regiment, and was mustered into the U. S. service. He took part in the engagement'at Harper's Ferry and the other engagements and skirmishes of that campaign. He participated with his regi ment in driving the rebels out bf Carlisle, Pa. On the 8th of June following he was mustered into the U. S. ser-vice, with his regiment, for three years. In September of the same year he was taken very ill, and being unfit for further service was honorably discharged at Darnstown, Md. In 1862 he assisted in organizing Company I of the 71st Regi ment, and at the second meeting was elected Corporal. He passed through the several non-commissioned grades, and was commissioned Second Lieutenant ; on May 27th, 1868, was elected First Lieuten ant. He was for several years Senior First Lieutenant and Acting Captain. He also served as Acting Adjutant. He participated in all the prominent events in which the regiment was connected, from 1862 to 1871. He resigned Feb. 1st, 1871, and assisted in the organization of the Veteran Association. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 253 In 1875 he married Miss Mary A. Starbuck, of Nantucket, Mass. They have one child, named Mary. In 1886 he was elected a member of John A. Dix Post, 135, G. A. R. He is still engaged in the hotel business, and is a member of the Hotel Men's Association. MAJOR EUGENE S. EUNSON. The paternal ancestors of Major Eunson came from Scotland and settled in New York State soon after the Revolutionary war. His maternal ancestor came over with Hendrick Hudson in 1608. His grand-uncle was Commissary-General on the staff of the Duke of Wellington at the battle of Waterloo. Another member of the family was on the staff of General Washington during the war of the Revolution. Major Eunson's maternal grandfather served in the war of 1812. Major Eunson was born in New York city, January 21, 1841. He was sent to public school and to a private academy. Since leaving school he has been engaged in the mercantile business. He commenced his military life on May 1, 1860, as a member of G Company, 37th Regiment, and was mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment in 1861, for three months. He was pro moted sergeant on the field. On October 13, 1862, he was commissioned First Lieutenant of Company C, 174th Regiment N. Y. Vols. He accompanied Banks' expedition to New Orleans, and took part in all of the engagements of the 19th Army Corps, and in the siege and capture of Port Hudson. At the storming of Port Hudson he was a volunteer of a forlorn hope on two different occasions. For this he was honor ably mentioned jn General Orders from the War Department, and was promoted Captain on the field. For gallant and meritorious services " at the storming of Port Hudson " he was brevetted Major. In April, 1864, he participated in the engagements at Sa bine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill Landing, La. At the latter place he was shot through the right thigh and captured by the enemy. He remained a prisoner at Pleasant Hill for about three months, when he was paroled and sent to Annapolis, Md., and sub sequently exchanged. He was assigned duty on General Wessel's 251- THE AMERICAN GUARD. staff at Hart's Island, New York harbor. He was honorably dis charged October 13, 1865. He soon after rejoined his old regiment, the 37th, as private. On May 1, 1866, he was elected Captain of F Company, Seventy-first Regiment, and held that rank for three years. On November 15, 1869, he was elected Major. He resigned January 1, 1872. He assisted in organizing the Veteran Association, and served as Major, Lieut.-Colonel, and for three years as Colonel. Major Eunson is a member of Kane Lodge No. 454, F. and A. M., Republic Chapter No. 272, R. A. M., Past Conimander of Pal estine Commandery, and a member of the Mystic Shrine. On Dec. 19, 1871, he married Mary Agnes Lehman, of New York. They have one child. LIEUTENANT W. D. FARIS Inherits from his ancestors the military ardor and enthusiasm which characterized him as a member of the National Guard. His great grandfather, William Faris, was one of' the leading spirits in the war of the Revolutiom He was connected with an association in Philadelphia previous to the outbreak of the war, having for its object resistance tp British tyranny and oppression, and made him self so obnoxioB,^o British officials that a price was set on his head. He lived! Sowe's^^to render effectual service in the struggle for freedom. 4^. ,^ Joseph A.^aris, an uncle of W. D., was an officer in the Union army during the last war, and was in command of the town of Oakland, Md. W . D. Faris, the son of Thomas Faris and Rachel Doerer, was born in Cincinnati, O., December 12, 1849. He came with his parents to New York in 1860. He received a liberal education, completing his course of studies at the New York College. He soon after entered the large importing house of H. J. Baker & Brother, where by strict attention to his business and fidelity to his em ployers' interest he rose step by step, and in 1880 was made a member of the firm. He commenced his military career May 12, 1869, as private in G Company, 37th Regiment, N. Y. S. M. When, in 1870, this regi ment was consolidated with the 71st, the members of his company were attached to F Company, 71st Regiment. Mr. Faris was elected THE AMERICAN GUARD. 265 Corporal in 1871, and in 1873 was elected Sergeant. In 1874 he was elected Second Lieutenant and continued to serve in this capacity until he resigned in 1876. He took part with the regi ment in the suppression of the Orange riots in 1871, and in all the prominent events connected with the regiment during his term of service. He was one of the most enthusiastic marksmen during the tar get practice of the regiment at Creedmoor, and took the first prize for the best record in the three days' matches of 1874. He was also awarded the gold and silver mounted musket dffered to each regi ment attaining the highest score. In 1876 he resigned from the 71st Regiment and in 1878 he was elected a member of the Veteran Association. He is associated with other benevolent and social organizations, among which are the Royal Arcanum and the Amphion Musical Society of Brooklyn. In 1876 he married Miss Fannie Bell, of Norwood, O. He has one child, named Martin. BVT. FIRST LIEUT. GRAFTON FENNO, Of Company F, 71st, N. Y. N. G., was born at Salem, Mass., Feb ruary 5, 1827. His father, John W. Fenno, was born at Salem, 1790, his mother, nee Ann Faucette Grafton, was born at Salem, 179-2. The ancestors of Grafton Fenno arrived from Europe, and settled at Salem previous to 1670. His maternal uncles participated in the war of 1812 and '15, and were engaged in privateering. His father at that time was given charge of the funds and valuables of the banks and property of the citizens of Salem, and with the Salem Light Infantry took them inland for safety ; he being the Major commanding. The corps still exists, and is known as the Tigers. Mr. Fenno removed to Boston in 1830 with his parents , He attended private school at Salem, 1836, 1837 and '38 ; visited Eu rope on the return of the first Cunarder in the fall of 1840. He witnessed the pageant ceremonies at the funeral of Napoleon Buona parte; and, through the courtesy of Hon. Edward Everett, our Minister Plenipotentiary to the court of St. James, was permitted to see the face of the then greatest military commander of the I9th century. He remained in Paris until the winter of 1842. Among his 256 THE AMERICAN GUARD. schoolmates were two brothers, cousins of the eminent sculptor, Augt. Bartholdi. Mr. Fenno commenced life as clerk with E. F. Newhall & Co., later G. W. Warren & Co., who were the prede cessors of Jordan, Marsh & Co., of Boston. At a later period he was engaged at Merchants' Exchange Reading Room, Boston, Mass., Edwin P. Whipple, Esq., Superintendent, and afterwards at the Banking and Insurance Agency of Augt. W. Whipple, the present attorney of South and North American Lloyds, N. Y. In the winter of 1843 he was in the employ of the Original Express Car riers, Messrs. Hamden & Co., No. 8 Court street, Boston. On January 27, 1849, he sailed from Boston in the ship Capitol, as junior partner of the San Francisco branch of Hamden & Co. In 1852-3 he was Deputy Sheriff of Calavares County, Mokelum- nes Hill, Cal. On January 27, 1855, he returned to Boston and renewed his associations with Merchants' Exchange Reading Room, and some months later sailed for Truxillo, Honduras, where he was engaged in mining operations. He remained there until he was outlawed as a fillibuster. In 1857 he went to Chicago, 111., and with the New York agent of the Continental Fire Insurance Company organized the Chicago Citizens' Fire Brigade, and was prominent in establishing the new paid Fire Department, which substituted steam engines for the old ones. In connection with Captain E. E. Ellsworth and Lieut. Stryker he organized the Original Ellsworth Chicago Zouaves, of which he is still an honorary member. He returned to New York and continued with the Continental Fire Insurance Company until Beauregard sent his card to Anderson, April 12, 1861. On April 20, 1861, he joined F Company (Captain Ellis), 7lst Regiment, N. Y. S. M., and accompanied the regiment to the ISavy Yard at Washington, at which place he received the body of Colonel E. E. Ellsworth, at Post 17, on the morning of his (Ellsworth's) death. In 1862 he was with the regiment at Tenallytown ; re turned with his company to New York, where he was mustered out of the U. S. service. He immediately commenced recruiting tbe 166th Regiment, N. Y. Volunteers, known as the 2d Duryea Zouaves, under Captain French and Lieut. Morris (both of the 71st), and as Regiment Re cruiting Sergeant, accompanied the regiment to New Orleans, La., and was honorably discharged before Port Hudson, May, 1863. He returned to Boston, Mass., re-enlisted in the Third Mass. Cavalry, and joined Banks' Army in the Red river campaign. He was present THE AMERICAN GUARD. 267 at Henderson's Hill, Sabine Cross Roads, Pleasant Hill, Cane River, Pine Log-Crossing, Muddy Bayou, Piney Woods and numerous other heavy skirmishes ; returned to New Orleans with the Third Mass. Cavalry, June, 1864. In July, 1864, his regiment was assigned to the 2d Brigade, 2d Division, 19th Army Corps, and joined Sheri dan in the Shenandoah Valley. He was present at Winchester, Fishers' Hill, and Cedar Creek, and started with Sheridan's Raiders for Petersburgh, but only went as far as Staunton, Va. He was at the Grand Parade at Washington, and on that day his regiment was ordered to report to General Pope on frontier service at Jules- bm'gh, Ind. Ter., beyond Fort Kearney. He was soon after ordered to return to Leavenworth, Kan., where he was mustered out of service, October 5, 1865. The regiment was paid off at Boston, where he received his Bvt. Commission of First Lieut. In 1866 he was employed by the D. S. and Canada Express Company, Nos. 39 and 40 Court Square, as auditor and book keeper. He remained with that company over ten years. He was subsequently connected with the Boston Board of Trade. At a later period he joined in the survey of the N. Y., B. A. & Schen ectady R. R., from Bronx River to Albany, N. Y. For the past five years he has been employed in the Mathemati cal Department of the New York Life Insurance Company, No. 346 Broadway, New York city. He has been for the past fifteen years a comrade of Chas. Russell Lowell Post No. 7, of Boston, Mass. ; also a member of Bunker Hill Monument Association, of Charlestown, since 1830. He was married at Boston, December 16, 1868, to Miss Eliza Ann Brooks, of Milford, N. H., descendant of Old Revolutionary stock of Antrim, N. H. The folloVing commendatory letter was received from an old comrade of Mr. Fenno some time after the sketch was completed. — Editoe. "Mills" Building, New York, February 26, 1886. Henrv Whittemore, Esq., Historian, &c., 7 Ist Regiment, N. Y. N. G. Dear Sir : Having aided comrade Grafton Fenno in his " War Record" as Captain in the Third Mass. Cavalry, it has suggested itself to me that he has omitted two or more quite important items, which really are worthy of note, and had an important bearing on his military career. Early in the '70's, in his associations with Post 7, G. A. R., of Bos ton, Mass., it was suggested by the Post, that they should have, of their 17 268 THE AMERICAN GUARD own, a soldiers' burial lot, in which a deceased soldier might be honorably interred, thus avoiding all questions ofa possible pauper's grave. The Post obtained a lot, then the necessity of a monument was cre ated. Through influence of General Benj. F. Butler, four cannon were donated to the post by the U. S. Government, viz., three that were served against Fort Sumpter from Fort Moultree, in April, 1861, and a rebel "P;irrott" used in April, 1865, just previous to the surrender at Appo mattox. Comrade Fenno's design having been accepted by the post, they were erected as a Tripod, similar to a stack of muskets, and the " Parrott " placed in pyramid above, surmounted by a conical shell, holding the dear old flag. The monument represents the commencement and end of the war ; it brought death to us, now shadows the dead. The thirty-ejght cannon balls at the base signify that Post 7 will bury with military honors, free of expense, any deceased soldier of the Union requiring such service. It is historical and national in its design, and as a whole, very beau tiful. It is situated at Mount Hope Cemetery, Boston, Mass. ; there are fifty-six comrades reposing beneath its shadow. Then again, at the suggestion of comrade Fenno, at our Centennial in Boston, 1875 — on the day succeeding the arrival of the 5th Maryland Regiment from Baltimore, a regiment largely made up of Confederates during the war — a magnificent, full sized silk American flag and staff" was presented them on Boston Common; General N. P. Banks making the presentation speech. It was the first overt public act of the Blue to the Gray. It was the bugle note of success of Boston's Centennial, and the key note of Philadelphia's crowning success a few months later. Comrade Fenno carried the G. A. R. parade colors at Philadelphia, July 3, 1876. Also the regimental tattered battle flag at the reunion of, the arinie.^ at Baltimore, Md., May 6, 1885. Also the tattered, scarred battle flag — with but one star remaining — ofthe 3d Maine Regiment, at the meeting ofthe National Encampment, ofthe G. A. R. at Portland, Me., 1885. I have taken this liberty of writing you as a veteran soldier and comrade, hoping that you will give the subject-matter that attention which is its due. Yours very respectfully, F. E. Frothingham. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 259 WM. B. FERGUSON. To William B. Ferguson and six other patriotic American citi zens, the 71st Regiment owes its existence. Some of these have passed away ; the others are seldom seen ; but at nearly every gather ing of the old 7lst Regiment Veterans, the smiling face and rugged form of this Prince of Veterans is found. Time has marked its furrows on his cheeks, and whitened his locks, but the buoyancy of youth is still manifest in the joyous greeting and firm grasp of the hand with which he meets his old comrades. William B. Ferguson was born in Albany, N. Y., December 4, 1823. His early life was spent with his father, who carried on the manufacture of ship blocks. At the age of eighteen, young Fer guson came to New York for the purpose of learning the machin ist's trade, but finally concluded to go back to his old occupation. He first entered the employ of Selleck Nichols on South street, and within one year was made foreman and placed in charge of men much older than himself. Soon after this he commenced the manu facture of ship pumps and blocks, which he has carried on for forty- three years. He started at 242 South street, and afterwards re moved to 226 South street. In 1 867 he removed to his present location. About 1842 his intense Americanism led him to join the Order of United Americans, which at that time was very popular. In 1849 he suggested to a few members of the Order the expediency of organizing a regiment, to be composed entirely of Americans. The proposition was favorably received, and soon after carried into effect ; and, as the result of his efforts, Mr. Ferguson has lived to see one of the best and most effective regiments ever organized in the State. He had little or no ambition for promotion, preferring to remain in the ranks with the boys. The following warrant shows the highest rank held by him during his connection with the regiment. State of New York. To William B. Ferguson, Greeting: You have been elected a Sergeant of a company under the command of Captain Moses C. Hagadorn, in the 1st Regiment, 1st Brigade, and 1st Division of the New York State Militia. I do, therefore, in pursuance of the statute in such case made and provided, grant tou this warrant. You are to obey the orders which you shall, from time to time, receive from your superior officers, and to discharge the duty of Sergeant in said 260 THE AMERICAN GUARD. company, with fidelity, according to the laws and regulations established for the government and discipline ofthe Militia of this State. Given under my hand, at New York, this 4th day of February, A. D. 1851. John B. Ryer, Colonel. Mr. Ferguson was prompt to obey orders, and turned out with the regiment in times of danger as well as pleasure. He took part in the suppression of the " Sepoy Insurrection," and the " Dead Rabbit " riots, and other public demonstrations during his connec tion with the regiment, up to the breaking out of the war. When the regiment was mustered into the U. S. service in 1861, Mr. Fer guson's term of service had already expired. He would gladly have gone with it to the front, however, but for sudden and severe family afflictions which compelled him to remain at home. Mr. Ferguson married, April 27, 1854, Miss Louisa Chambers, of New York, who deceased in 1861. By her he had three chil dren (one deceased — Charles Edgar), two of these are living, viz., William M., and Benjamin W. Mr. Ferguson joined the Veteran Association soon after its organization. He still keeps up his connection with the O. U. A., and is at present a member of Washington Chapter No. 2, the only Chapter now in existence. He is also a member of Piatt Lodge No. 194, F. and A. M., and of Mazpeth Chapter No. 40, of the Order of the Eastern Star. Two brothers of Mr. Ferguson served through the war, one of them, Walley Ferguson, brought back the gloves wom by the gal lant Lieut.-Colonel Ulric Dahlgren, when the latter was killed near Richmond. EDGAR H. FOX Is probably the youngest member of the Veteran Association 71st Regiment. His father and brother have been connected vvith the National Guard for many years. His father, Alonzo Fox, was a member of D Company, Captain Meschutt in 1862-3, but did not participate in the campaign of those years, as he was ill at the time and died before the return of the regiment. Frank Fox, the uncle of Edgar H., was a member of the same company at that time. H. E. Fox, a brother, is also a Veteran of the National Guard, and THE AMERICAN GUARD. 261 was formerly connected with the 7th Regiment, and is now a mem ber of the Veteran Corps of that Regiment. Edgar H. Fox was born in the city of New York, April 12, 1857, and received his education at the public schools. His mili tary experience began January 6, 1879, when he joined K Com pany, Captain S. A. Taylor, 71st Regiment. The company at the time was one of the largest and best officered in the regiment. Mr. Fox was elected Corporal, April 7, 1880, and Sergeant, December 13, 1882. He was transferred to the non-commissioned staff as Left General Guide, January 3, 1884 ; promoted Right General Guide, March 3, 1884. During his connection with the regiment he never missed a parade, and seldom a battalion or company drill. Captain Goss, the present commander of K Company, was one of his recruits. During the regimental fair in 1883, Mr. Fox was appointed Historian for his company in connection with The Hamer- sack, a paper published at the time by the fair committee. Mr. Fox married, November 23, 1882, Miss Ella J. Wilcox, of New York. He has been since associated with his brother in the hardware business at 933 Eighth avenue. He was elected a mem ber of the Veteran Association, March 20, 1S86. NELSON GRIGGS Was bom in Monmouth County, N. J., March 18, 1842. He early in life evinced a taste for music, and after completing his education at the public school he came to New York and obtained a situation with Pond & Co., one of the oldest and largest houses for the sale of musical goods in the city. Mr. Griggs has continued in their service ever since. In August, 1864, he joined H Company, 71st Regiment, as private, and three years afterwards was made Corporal. He re ceived further promotion in the non-commissioned rank, and served six years as First Sergeant. He served with the regiment during the Orange riots, and was present at all public parades and excur sions. During his eleven years of service he only missed two drills and one parade. He was mustered out ot service in the fall of 1875. In 1863 he married Miss Emily J. Allison, ot New York, a niece of Judge Allison, of Haverstraw. She deceased • in 1876, leaving one child, named Gertrude M. Mr. Griggs subsequently 262 THE AMERICAN GUARD. married Miss Addie F. De Bremen, of Portland, Me. By her he has one child, named Susie A. Mr. Griggs is a resident of Passaic, N. J. His only connection with any organization outside of his business is as a member of the Jefferson Dramatic Club of Passaic, which has already attdined con siderable local celebrity — Mr. Griggs being one of the " main fea tures " of the club. CHARLES B. HALL. Henet B., the father of Charles B. Hall, came from England with his family in 1850 and settled in New Yurk city, where he carried on the business of steel engraving. Charles B., the second son, was bfin in England, August 17, 1840, and was but ten years of age when he arrived in New York with his parents. At the age of sixteen, after completing his edu cation, he entered his father's employ, where he acquired a thorough knowledge of the business. At the breaking out of the war, two of the brothers enlisted in the 71st Regiment. Charles B., the subject of this sketch, was mus tered in as private of Company C, April 20, 1861, for three months. Soon after the departure of the regiment he was called into active service. He was detached on board the gunboat Anacosta, com manded by Napoleon Collins, U. S. N., which formed one of the Potomac fleet, engaged in blowing up rebel batteries along the shores of the Potomac. While engaged in this service he was badly scalded by having a large kettle of boiling tea poured over him while the cook was taking it below. He served with the regiment at the battle of Bull Run with commendable coolness and courage, and had the opportunity pre sented, would doubtless have distinguished himself. During the afternoon word was given that the 71st was firing on their own troops, and the colors were ordered to advance. The flag was pierced with balls and struck by a piece of shell. At the same time, George Bacon, a comrade and friend of Mr. Hall, was struck and fell dead. He was buried on the fleld, and Mr. Hall carried his effects to his family. On his return at the expiration of his term of service, Mr. Hall assisted in organizing Company C, of the 95th Regiment, N. Y. Volunteers, of which he was made Orderly Sergeant. He accom- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 263 panied the regiment to Acquia Creek, where it formed a part of McDowell's corps, stationed as reserves between Washington and Richmond, for the protection of the capitol. He served about twenty months with the reginient, and was flnally discharged on account of physical disability. He is married and has tive children, two sons and three daugh ters. Harry E. and Charles S., are associated with him in business. JOSEPH BANNER. Me. Hannee is a descendant of an old French family. His father was a soldier in the French Army, and fought under the 1st Napo leon, and in 1825 or '30 emigrated to America. Mr. Hanner was born in New York city, January 4, 1841, and learned early in his life to depend on his own resources. He estab lished the meat business in 1864, and after years of strict attention to business has built up a good trade, and has a list of flrst-class patrons. He doubtless inherited from his father a fondness for military tactics, and on March 7, 1866, joined D Company, 37th Regiment. He remained with it until it was consolidated with the 7lst, and continued until September 9, 1882. He took part in the suppres sion of the Orange riots, the Railroad riots, and other events of im portance connected with the regiment. On November 8, 1880, he was elected Quartermaster's Sergeant, and continued to hold that position until his discharge on September 9, 1882. Few members of the National Guard have ever left a brighter or more honorable record. In ten years- active service he never missed a roll call nor received a reprimand. He finally withdrew from the regiment on account of pressure of business. He is a man of unblemished reputation, upright and honorable in his dealings, and deservedly popular among his associates. JOHN P. HILLIARD Was born near the town of Hempstead, L. I., November 28, 1833. Previous to the war he was engaged in the hardware business. On April 10, 1858, he joined C Company, Captain Coles, 71st Regiment. He was appointed Corporal by Colonel Yosburgh, August 22, 1860, Right General Guide by Colonel Martin, August 264 THE AMERICAN GUARD. 1, 1861, and Commissary's Sergeant by Colonel Trafford, May 4, 1863. He participated with the regiment in the suppression of the quarantine riots in 1858. When the regiment was mustered into the U. S. service in 1861, Mr. Hilliard was unable to go on ac count of illness. In 1863 he went to the front, and remained until the expiration of the term of service. He took part in every im portant event connected with the regiment, from the time of his enlistment in 1868 to the time of his discharge, November 8, 1866. Soon after this he joined the .Veteran Association, and is now trustee of the armory fund for the Veterans. In 1861 he married Miss Margaret P. Bell, sister of Geo. Bell, a shipping merchant of long standing in this city. JOHN A. HULL. Theee is no name in the annals of American history more prominent than that of Hull. The American ancestor of the family came over early in the seventeenth century and settled in Connecticut. The paternal grandfather of Mr. Hull participated in the war of the Revolution. John A. Hull, the subject of this sketch, was bom in New York city, September 1, 1838. He was educated at the public and pri vate schools of the city, and commenced his business career in the leather trade in what is known as the " Swamp," and previous to the war was building up a large and remunerative business as City Weigher. In 1867 he enlisted in Company A, 71st Regiment, and the following year was transferred to Company C ; subsequently elected Corporal, and served through all the grades to First Sergeant. When the war broke out in 1861 he sacrificed a lucrative business and volunteered with his regiment for three months' service. While Sergeant he had charge of a detachment on board the U. S. gunboat Anacosta, in which he did duty as acting lieutenant in the navy . He took part in the engagement at Acquia Creek, and subsequently in the first battle of Bull Run. During the latter engagement he was First Sergeant of the Color Company. He had previously been appointed, by President Lincoln's orders, Second Lieutenant, but did not serve, being absent at the time on detached naval serv- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 265 ice. In 1862 he again went with the regiment to the front, and was commissioned First Lieutenant while in camp, but retired to the ranks on the return of the regiment. In 1863 he went out for the third time with the regiment, and was again First Lieutenant of his company. After the regiment arrived at the front he was detached from Company C and appointed Quartermaster of the Regiment, and subsequently Brigade Quartermaster and aide to General Knipe, U. S. A., with rank of Captain. He returned home with his regiment on the expiration of his term of service. In 1864 he was placed temporarily in command of Company C, the office having been made vacant by the promotion of Captain Lib by to the position of Major. Mr. Hull was subsequently offered the captaincy which he declined, and made application to be relieved from duty, having served seven years. His apphcation was refused and he was at once appointed Quartermaster of the regiment. This position he held for about three years, after which period, having served for ten years, he was relieved, at his own request, and placed on the list of supernumerary officers, August, 1867. During his whole term of service he never missed a drill or parade but once, and that was by the surgeon's order. In 18S4 he was elected a member of the Veteran Association. It requires no words of eulogy to sustain his reputation as a soldier ; that is best shown by his record. Enlisted as private, 71st Regiment, N. Y. S. M. (Colonel A. S. Vosburgh), June 4, 1867; Corporal, May 6, 1858; Sergeant, Au gust 22, 1860 ; First Sergeant, 1861 ; Second Lieutenant, December, 1862 ; First Lieutenant, Febmary, 1863 ; Regimental Quartermas ter, June, 1864, to August, 1867. Enrolled in U. S. service, Sergeant Company C, 71st Regiment, April, 1861. Mustered out, July, 1861, with regiment. Enrolled in U. S. service as First Lieutenant, May, 1862. Mus tered out as First Lieutenant, September, 1862. Enrolled in U. S. service as First Lieutenant, June, 1863. Mustered out with regiment, July 22, 1863. In 1863 Mr. Hull married Miss Maria Wardell, of New Canaan, Conn., since deceased. In 1874 he married Miss Lizzie Cameron, of New York city. He has five living children, having lost five. Those hving are named Annie, Lizzie, Mary, John A., ahd Aubrey Barker. 266 THE AMERICAN GUARD. JOSEPH W. IRWIN Was born in New York city, March 14, 1833. In 1845 he com menced learning the printing business, and subsequently served an apprenticeship as a book-edge and paper marbler, and finally learned the trade of shipwright, which he has followed for the past thirty- four years. On January 25, 1855, he joined the Seventy-first Regiment, and was attached to E Company, Captain Enoch Stevens. He acted as Corporal, Sergeant, and First Sergeant for four years. He assisted in quelling the Sepoy and Dead Rabbit riots in 1857-58, and in April, 1 861, he was mustered into the U. S. service witii the regiment for three months. He was detached for special duty on board the gunboat Mount Vernon, and participated in the first battle of Bull Run. While in Washington he was offered a Lieutenant's com mission in Company E, but declined in favor of his friend, George N. Fairchild, who afterwards became Captain of Company K. During his entire term of service Mr. Irwin was never absent from drill, parade, or meeting. He held the company medal for two years as the best drilled man in the company. In 1861 he assisted in organizing Company E, Fifty-first Regi ment, N. Y. Volunteers (Ferrerro). This was afterwards consoli- d.ited with the Forty-ninth, and, in consequence, he and others were thrown out of the commissions they were entitled to. He after wards assisted in organizing the Tenth Legion in Orange County, commanded by Colonel Van Wyck. In 1865 he married Miss Mary Sellers, who deceased in 1870. He has two living ehildren, viz., Daniel W. and Joseph W. He is Past Master of Sagamore Lodge No. 371, F. and A. M., of New York, and is at present a member of Cosmopolitan Lodge No. 585, of Brooklyn, in which he holds the office of Senior Deacon. JAMES KENNEDY Was bom in Paterson, N. J., August, 20, 1836. He served his time in the Danforth & Cook locomotive and machine works, and remained with that concern fifteen years. In 1867 he removed to New York city, and took charge of the 71st Regiment Armory as Armorer, where for nineteen years he has performed the duties of that position faithfully, and to the entire satisfaction of the members. During his entire term of serv- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 267 ice there has never been a complaint made against him. As an evidence of the esteem in which he is held by the rank and file, nearly every company has elected him an honorary member. In 1859 he was appointed, by Colonel Parmalee, Ordnance Ser geant, and held the position until 1872. During most of his term of service he has been on the non-commissioned staff. He has ac companied the regiment on every excursion since his connection with it. He went with the Battalion to New Orleans in 1881, as Quartermaster's Sergeant. Mr. Kennedy has two sons, both promising young men, and a daughter who has already acquired quite a reputation as an elocu tionist. His eldest son, Eugene H., is head bookkeeper and man ager for the firm of J. C. Orr & Co., Brooklyn, E. D., one of the largest concerns in that line in the United States. His second son, Charles M., is a clerk in the Ilth Ward Bank, and Captain of Com pany A, 71st Regiment. Mr. Kennedy is a member of Continental Lodge No. 287, F. and A. M. LIEUT. JOSEPH J. LITTLE. Mr. Little is one of the many connected with the "Art pre servative of all Arts," who have risen from the humblest begin nings to a position of comparative affluence and high social stand ing, through his own unaided efforts. He was born in Bristol, Eng., June 6, 1841. He came to Amer ica in infancy with his parents, who settled in Morris, Otsego Co., N. Y. His early education was obtained at the public school, and at the age of fourteen he entered a country printing office at Mor ris, where he acquired a thorough knowledge of the business. In 1859 he removed to New York city, where he worked at his trade as a journeyman for eight years. In 1867 he established a book and job printing business under the firm name of Little, Rennie & Co. The flrm dissolved in 1871, and he subsequently formed a new copartnership under the firm name of J. J. Little & Co. He removed to his present location, Nos. 10 to 20 Astor Place, in 1876. His firm has the reputation of turning out work equal, if not superior, to the oldest and largest printing and publishing houses in this country. The recent publication by this firm of the Cata- 268 THE AMERICAN GUARD. logue of the Art Collection of Mrs. Mary J. Morgan, is one of the flrst specimens of art printing ever produced. This firm is at present engaged in printing the "Personal Memoirs of General U. S. Grant," in two volumes, the first edition exceeding 300,000 sets, and is said to be the largest order ever received from a pub lishing firm. The military experience of Mr. Little commenced in the fall of 1861, when he joined Company E, 37th Regiment, N. G., S. N. Y., as private. In 1862 he was made Corporal, and the same year was mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment. The only duty performed by his regiment in that campaign was to form a part of the reserves at Baltimore. This was an important service however, as the regiment took the place of others who were sent to the front. In 1863 Mr. Little was made 1st Sergeant, and the same year was again mustered into the service of the United States. During the latter portion of his service of 1863, Mr. Little was detailed on the staff of Brig. Gen. William Hall, commanding the fortifications around Harrisburg, Penn., and filled the important position bf Assistant Brigade Quartermaster. He also served with the regiment during the draft riots in New York, in 1363. In 1864 the regiment was again mustered into the U. S. service for thirty days, and took the place of the regular troops stationed at Staten Island. The same day. May 6, Mr. Little was commissioned First Lieutenant, and remained on duty until the expiration of his term of service. He continued his connection with the regiment until October, 1868, when he was honorably discharged. During his entire term of service he never failed to accompany his regi ment when called to active duty. Soon after his discharge, the regiment was consolidated with the 71st, and in June, 1871, he was made an honorary member of Company F, 71st Regiment, and later was elected a member of the Veteran Association. He was one of the few who represented the Veteran Association on the visit of the 71st to New Orleans in the winter of 1881. Mr. Little is actively engaged in works of public benevolence and enterprise. He is a member and W. M. of Kane Lodge No. 464, F. and A. M., and is now serving his second term. lie is also a member of the " General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen, city of New York," which recently celebrated its hundredth anni versary. He is a member of the Library Committee of this Asso- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 269 elation. He is a life member of the American Geographical So ciety and of the American Institute. In 1 866 he married Miss Josephine Robinson, of New York (a descendant of John Robinson, who came over in the Mayflower, as pastor of the little band of Pilgrims)., They have six children — two boys and four girls. Mr. Little was one of the committee of 100 citizens appointed by the Mayor of New York to go to Albany, in August, 1885, to re ceive the remains of General Grant. CAPTAIN JOHN R. LIVERMORE Is descended, in the 8th generation, from John Livermore, who came to America from Ipswich, Eng., at the age of 28 years, in the Francis, John Cutting, master, in 1634, and settled in Watertown, Mass., subsequently moving to Connecticut, where he was one of the signers of the fundamental agreement of the New Haven Colony. The great-grandfather of the subject of the present sketch, Joseph Livermore, was a Lieutenant at the battle of Bunker Hill, and afterwards a Captain in the patriot army ; and his son Joseph was lost at sea in May, 1811, in command of a vessel trans porting troops from Portsmouth, N. H, to the South, preparatory to the war of 1812. Captain John R. Livermore, the subject of this sketch, was bom in New York city, June 2, 1838. He was educated in the rudi mentary branches at the public school, and afterwards at the Free Academy (now the College of the City of New York). After leaving school he entered the house of Hicks & Bell, where he remained until 1865. He then established the ship-brokerage busi ness, and has since continued in tlie same line of business. In 1868 he joined the Seventy-first Regiment as private, in Company B, and was subsequently promoted 2d Sergeant and Or derly Sergeant. On Feb. 8, 1861, he was commissioned 2d Lieu tenant, and was soon after mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment. He participated in the battle of Bull Run, remaining with the regiment after its return. In May, 1862, he was detailed by Colonel Martin as acting Captain of Company B, and in that capacity he accompanied the regiment to Washington, and subse quently to Tenallytown. Before his term of service had expired he was sent home on sick leave. 270 THE AMERICAN GUARD In May, 1863, immediately after Col. Trafford was elected to the command of the regiment, Capt. Livermore was appointed Adjutant, and served through the Pennsylvania campaign. He returned with the regiment when it was called back to assist in the suppression of the draft riots in New York, and remained on duty at the Armory and at High Bridge for about six weeks. He con tinued with the regiment until May 6, 1867, when he resigned and was honorably discharged. In 1862 he married Ann E., daughter of George C. Lugar, Esq., of New York. They have two children, a daughter and son. ELI M. MERRILL. The ancestors of Mr. Merrill settled in Massachusetts about 1832. His maternal great-grandfather. Major Wellman, was an officer in the Continental Army during the war of the Revolution. The maternal grandfather of Mr. Merrill served in the war of 1812. Mr. Merrill was born in the town of Harmony, Somerset County, Me., April 1, 1838. He came to New York in 1863, and acquired his first knowledge of the dry goods business in a retail store. He afterwards went with the firm of Claflin, Mellen & Co., where be remained until the breaking out of the war. He was the first man from this house who volunteered for service in the army. He joined Company A, 71st Regiment, and was mustered into the service of the U. S., April 20, 1861. Two brothers entered the service about the same time, one being a member of the same com pany, the other a member of the 25tii Kentucky Volunteers. Mr. Merrill participated in the battle of Bull Bun, and served with the regiment through that campaign. On his return he found that his employers had been obliged to discharge a number of clerks, and the situation which they had promised to keep open for him was no longer vacant. He then entered the house of E. S. Jaffray & Co., remaining there until September, 1865, when he accepted a position offered by the house of Mills & Gibb as foreign buyer. During all this time he con tinued his connection with the regiment, and turned out on every occasion when it was called into service to suppress riots or take part in popular demonstrations. In 1867, owing to his frequent THE AMERICAN GUARD. 271 absence abroad in the interests of his employers, he was obliged to leave the regiment and was honorably discharged. He remained with the house of Mills & Gibb until 1876, a period of eleven years. He then formed a copartnership under the firm name of Merrill, Disney & Tompkins. At the end of four years he disposed of his interest and entered the employ of Dunham, Buckley & Co. In 1881 he accepted the position of manager of and buyer for the linen department in the wholesale house of Arnold, Constable & Co. Daring his business career he has crossed the ocean seventy- eight times. He married, on June 21, 1862, Miss Mary A. Hall, of New York city. They have four children, viz., Eli Palmer, Maiy Laughton, Annie Dustan, and Laura Nelson. A son of Mr. Merrill is a mem ber of Company I, 23d Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y. Mr. Merrill joined the Veteran Association iu 1881. He is also a member of Constitution Lodge No. 241, F. and A. M., and De "Witt Clinton Council of Royal Arcanum of Brooklyn. JOSEPH B. MERRILL, A brother of Eli M. Merrill, was born in Harmony, Somerset County, Me., March 20, 1840. He came to New York in 1859, and obtained a position in the dry goods jobbing house of Bowen, Holmes & Co., with which he continued until the breaking out of the war. He enlisted with his brother Eli M., in the same company and regiment, and on the same date. At the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861, he behaved with remarkable gallantry and coolness, being for the first time under fire. About one o'clock in the day, when the battle was raging fiercest, the 14th (Brooklyn) Regiment was sent forward to take up a position in front of the 71st. Being ob scured by the smoke of the battle field they were fired upon by the 71st, who mistook them for the enemy. Young Merrill, who had advanced some distance in front of his regiment saw the mistake, and raising his cap on the point of his bayonet, ran along the line shouting: "Boys, you're firing on your own men." His coolness and bravery on this occasion doubtless saved many valuable lives. About an hour after this, his companion next to him suddenly cried out: "I'm shot!" and fell aead. Young Merrill turned suddenly to look in that direction, when a ball struck him on the 272 THE AMERICAN GUARD. right side of his throat, inflicting a dangerous wound. Had he re mained in his former position the ball would have struck him in front and killed him instantly. He was conveyed to the rear by his brother Eli M., who, after binding up his wounds with a silk hand kerchief, returned to his regiment. The wounded man was picked up by others and carried to a church near by. He was subsequently taken to Washington, where he remained at the house of a friend named Talbot until the regi ment returned to New York. He was flnally taken home by his brother, but was unable to attend to any business for more than a year afterwards. He never returned to New York, and neglected to obtain his discharge, and when some years afterwards he applied for a pension, his name on the records appeared as a deserter. The matter was soon cleared up, however, and a telegram which his brother Eli sent home the day he was wounded, announcing the fact, proved an important connecting link in the chain of evidence. This telegram liad been preserved, and was accepted in evidence. In September, 1862, Mr. Merrill went to Milwaukee, Wis., where he obtained a position in a retail dry goods store. During his residence there he married a Mrs. Kate Johnson, a widow with one child. They subsequently had three other children. In 1871, while attending to business in another part of the State, be left his wife and four children at the Halliday House in Kanosha. On the night of January 31, 1871, the hotel took flre, and his wife and four children perished in the flames. There were altogether eight persons lost. His mind was so affected by this terrible loss that for some time afterwards he was unfltted for business. On August 14, 1873, he married Miss Sarah M. Jones, of Utica, and about this time he obtained a situation in the dry goods house ot Golden & Co., since which time " his lines have fallen in pleasant places." He has been with this flrm for thirteen years. He has one living child, having lost one. W. S. MIDDLETON Was born in Glasgow, Scotland, February 26, 1842. He came to America in infancy with his parents, and settled in New York city, where he received his education. His first business experience was in New Rochelle, N. Y. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 273 In September, 1862, he enlisted in Company C (Captain Coles), 7l8t Regiment, and participated in the thirty days' campaign at that time. In the spring of 1 863 he assisted in organizing the 17th Regiment N. Y. Vols., in Westchester County, N. Y. He was elected Orderly Sergeant of G Company. He went with the regi ment to Fort McHenry, and soon after his arrival was appointed Post Adjutant, which position he held until the expiration of his term of service. On his return to New York he resumed his former place as Orderly Sergeant of G Company, which he con tinued to hold until the regiment disbanded. He returned to New York and established the business of iron and machinery. In 1880 he married Miss Ann M. Robertson, of Brooklyn, N.Y. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum, Knights of Honor, and other benevolent and social organizations. CAPT. ISAAC MILLS. Captain Isaac Mills, the subject of this sketch, was born in Smithtown, L. I., May 11, 1834. He was educated at the public and private schools of the place, and afterwards received private in struction from Rev. James C. Edwards. His first business experience was as clerk in a country store. In 1849 he came to New York and engaged as clerk with his brother in the dry goods house of E. S. Mills & Co. In 1861 he joined F Company, 37th Regiment, N. Y. S. M., and was mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment for three months; in May, 1862, as 2d Sergeant; and while at Camp Belger was promoted First Sergeant. The regiment remained in camp most of the time at Camp Belger, Baltimore. At the expira tion of his term of service Mr. Mills assisted in organizing the 174th Regiment, N. Y. Vols., and was commissioned First Lieutenant of Compan}' A. He accompanied Banks' Expedition to Louisiana in the fall of 1862. He took part in the engagement at Plain's Store, May 21, 1863, and the subsequent investment of and long series of engagements in front of Port Hudson, until its final capitulation. He then accompanied Banks in his expedition to the Teche country, took part in the fights at Donaldsonville, June 28 and July 13, 1863 — was present at all the engagements of that expedition. During most of tliis period he was on the staff of Gen. George M. 18 274 THE AMERICAN GUARD. Love. On October 7, 1863, he was commissioned Captain, to rank from December, 1862, and assigned to B Company. He resigned February 9, 1864, when the regiment was consolidated with the 162d, and returned to New York, where he resumed business. Mr. Mills joined the Veteran Association, Seventy-first Regi ment, about 1878, soon after the change in the by-laws making old members of the 37th Regiment eligible to membership. LIEUT. WASHINGTON IRVING MOORE. Me. Mooee is one of the few remaining veterans who assisted in organizing the American Rifles in 1850. He is still hale and hearty, well preserved, and, if occasion required, would be able to render valuable assistance in the cause to which he devoted his early years. He was born in Rahway, N. J., February 19, 1825. His ma ternal grandfather fought in the war of the Revolution. His father was a country merchant in Rahway for forty years, and during the last twelve years of his life he was Justice of the Peace. He was also Assessor, Overseer of the Poor, Judge of Election, Supervisor, &c. He was the flrst man to advocate the adoption of the free school system in Rahway. During the political campaign of 1844 he was nominated for Congress on the Demo cratic ticket, but was defeated by his Whig opponent. Mr. Moore came to New York in 1844, and entered the cloth ing house of P. L. Rogers, where he remained for flfteen years, eight of which he served as cashier. He afterwards went with the firm of A. Monroe & Co., and on the dissolution of copartnership of that flrm, in 1863, he was taken in as a partner. The new flrm dissolved in 1872, and Mr. Moore soon after took in a Mr. Yawger as partner, and opened a store corner of Astor Place and 4th Ave nue. He sold out to his partner in 1876, and entered the house of Brokaw Bros, as salesman. His first military experience was as a member of Company B, American Rifles, which he joined Nov. 4, 1850, and was made treasurer of the company, lie subsequently withdrew from Com pany B and assisted in organizing Company H, which formed a part of the 71st Regiment at its organization, and was made First Lieutenant pro tem. He was commissioned First Lieu- THE AMERICAN GUARD. 275 tenant of H Company, Sept. 22, 1852, by Gov. Washington Hunt. He performed nearly nine years faithful service, during which he participate America," Vol. II, makes the following statement in regard to the Quintard family : " The marriage of Isaac Quintard, ' ouvrier en laine, demeurant cy devant proche k Luzignan en Poitton,' and Jeane Fume, was sol emnized in the chapel of the Gaunt, Bristol, Eng., by M. Descairae, pasteur of the French Church, Nov. 26, 1693. Their daughter Marie was baptized December, 1696. Quintard came to New York in 16i)7, or the following year. His second son, Abraham, was baptized in the French Church, in that city, Sept. 25, 1698, and his third son, Pierre, January 28, 1700. He removed, about the year 1708, from New York to Stamford, Conn., where his de scendants have continued to reside. The Right Rev. Charles T. Quintard, D.D., LL.D., of the diocese of Tennessee, Protestant Episcopal Church, is a descendant of the Huguenots referred to in the fifth generation." The Quartards were one of the numerous Huguenot families who fled from the South of France soon after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and settled first in Bristol, Eng., and after wards removed to America. Edward A. Quintard, a descendant in the fifth generation from Isaac Quintard, the American ancestor, was born in Stamford, Conn., December 7, 1826. His grandfather, Isaac Quintard, was a Captain in the war of the Revolution, and his father fought in the war of 1812. Young Quintard received a thorough course of instruction in the rudimentary branches of education, first at the private school of Dr. J. B. Ferris, completing his course at the Collegiate Sem inary of Dr. Todd, of Stamford. He came to New York in 1840, and entered the ship chandlery house of Merritt & Co., cor. of South and Wall streets, where he remained for three or four years, and then went with his brother in the same business. In 1854 he was appointed Coal Agent of the Washington Coal Compauy, Cumberland, Md., where he remained for four years, when he was appointed General Coal Agent of the Delaware and Lackawanna Railroad, and was soon after elected Assistant President. 282 THE AMERICAN GUARD. In 1868 he joined Company A, 71st Regiment, as private, and some time after was made Captain of Engineers. He took part in the suppression of the " Sepoys " at Staten Island, the same year. In April, 1861, he was mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment, as Acting Quartermaster. Pressing business engage ments at home compelled his return in June following. He con tinued his connection v\-ith the regiment, however, until 1863. He took part in suppressing the draft riots in 1863, and responded to every call of the regiment during the remainder of his term of .service. He resigned, and was honorably discharged in 1863. In 1866 he joined the Veteran Association. In 1863 he became General Coal Agent of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. In 1 878 he was its representative at the Paris Exposition. The company sent specimens of anthracite coal and a freight locomotive. The principal object of Mr. Quin- tard's visit was to introduce the anthracite coal in Europe for manufacturing purposes. Its practicability was fully demon strated, but the cost of transportation precluded its adoption by continental manufacturers. Mr. Quintard became connected with the Citizens' Savings Bank as Director, in 1864, aud was elected Vice-President in 1868, and President in 1869. He resigned in 1880. to go abroad, and in 1882 was re-elected President. Since his connection with the busi ness it has increased from less than one million to over nine million dollars. In 1856 he married Miss Mary Gillespie, daughter of James Gillespie, of the firm of Gillespie & Studwell. His wife deceased in 1864, and in 1866 he married Mary, daughter of Capt. Wm. Skiddy, of New York city. He has nine children, and nine grandchildren. One of his daughters married Charles E. Jackson, Esq., of Middletown, Conn., and another was married to Rev. W. T. Nichols, Rector of Christ Church, Hartford. One brother of Mr. Quintard, is the well-known proprietor and owner of the Charleston Line of steamships and owner of Quin- tard's Iron Works ; another brother is the present Episcopal Bishop of Tennessee. In every position in life, Mr. Quintard has displayed great busi ness sagacity and rare executive ability. Socially he is genial and pleasant in his manners, warm-hearted and sympathetic in his na ture, seeking to lighten the burdens of all who enjoy his acquaint ance and friendship. He is beloved and respected by his business associates and employees. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 283 During the war, while not an active participant in the field, he labored earnestly for the support of the cause at home, and was one of the earliest members of the Union League Club, an organiza tion pledged to the support of the Union at any cost. LIEUT. WILLIAM H. RACEY. Lieut. Racet has led an eventful life, and few men have made a more brilliant record for courage and daring than is shown in the following brief sketch : He was born in New York city, October 16, 1832. He was a close student at school, and stood next to the head of his class in School No. 5. His business career commenced as a clerk in the Centre Market. His associates were of the hardy, fearless class of men who made up the old volunteer Fire Department. In 1854 he joined Engine Company No. 40, and soon rose to the rank of fore man. During the Dead Rabbit riots in 1858, he marched his com pany to the 7l8t Regiment Armory, before that regiment was called out, and held it against both parties of belligerents who at tempted to seize the arms. On April 19, 1861, he enlisted in G Company, 71st Regiment, and participated with it in the engagement at Acquia Creek and the first battle of Bull Run. At the expiration of his term of service he commenced recruiting, and raised I Company, 53d Regiment, N. Y. Vols., and was commissioned First Lieutenant. This regi ment contained seventeen officers who had previously been con nected with the 71st Regiment. Lieut. Racey accompanied the Burnside Expedition which started in transports for Newbern, N. C. During a heavy gale the fleet was blown out to sea, and the ship John Trucks, which contained the 63d Regiment, was blown out of her course and almost completely dismantled by the force of the storm. She drifted about in a helpless condition for forty days with only eight days provision for the troops. They were finally picked up and towed in by the steamer Ericsson. From sickness and other causes the regiment was reduced from 800 men to two full companies, and was honorably mustered out of service in March, 1862, by order of General McClellan. After remaining in New York for a- short time, Lieut. Racey returned to Newbern, 284 THE AMERICAN GUARD. N. C, where he organized a Fire Department of seven companies, numbering about 640. These were thoroughly drilled and fitted for military duty. Lieut. Racey was chosen Chief Engineer of the Fire Department, and was also appointed Assistant Provost Marshal. He put the place in a thorough state of defense, and compelled every able-bodied man, whether friend or foe, to do duty in the fortifica tions. During this period he frequently went out on scouting expeditions. He remained in command until 1864, when he was compelled to resign in consequence of severe illness. He returned to New York, June 21, 1864, and on Aug. 31, 1864, he married Miss Mary Helen Packman, of New York. His wife died February 11, 18S6, leaving five children, viz., Joseph, Pauline, Mamie, Florence and Ethel. ¦ Soon after his return he engaged in the fire insurance business, and for eighteen years past has been connected with the Home Fire Insurance Company, 119 Broadway. Lieut. Racey is a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, of the Society of the Army of the Potomac, Abel Smith Post 453, G. A. R., and of the 71st Regiment of Veterans. His whole public career covers a period of nearly thirty years of dangers and hardships, and he is still hale and hearty, capable of great endurance. He is genial and pleasant in his manner, a steadfast friend and a relentless foe. GEORGE B. RAYNOR Is descended from an old Long Island family, who came originally from New England. He was born in New York city, August 7, 1839. He was graduated with honor from the school of Mechanics and Tradesmen in 1866, taking the gold medal for proficiency in mathematics. He soon after commenced his business career as clerk in a mercantile house. On December 12, I860, he joined C Company, 71st Regiment. He had offers of promotion which he was compelled to decline on account of his business engagements. When the war broke out in 1861, he enlisted with his regiment under the first call of the Presi dent for troops. He was detached for special service on the gun boat Anacosta, commanded by Lieut. Collins, U. S. N., and was THE AMERICAN GUARD. 285 present at the bombardment of Acquia Creek. He also took part in the first battle of Bull Run, and in the suppression of the New York riots in 1863. He was with the regiment in every important event from the time of his enlistment in 1860, excepting the short campaign 1862 and 1863, when represented by a substitute, up to the date of his discharge, June 7, 1869. While in active serv ice on the field he never lost a day from sickness or other causes, and during his entire term of service was never called on to pay a fine. He was one of the four veterans who accompanied the 71st on the memorable trip to New Orleans, in February, 1881, and was at tached to the staff of Colonel Vose. He joined the Veteran Asso ciation in 1872, and has since continued an active and efficient member, and for a number of years was Chairman of the Executive Committee. Mr. Raynor received his business education with the old grain and commission house of Heman D. Walbridge & Co. He became a member of the Produce Exchange during the first year of its existence. In 1872 he embarked in business on his own account, which he has conducted successfully, and built up an extensive trade. He has been for a number of years a member of the New York Board of Trade and Transportation, organized to resist all forms of monopoly. Mr. Raynor was married, in October, 1867, to Jennie Maguire, of Canadian birth but American parentage, descended on her moth er's side from an old Dutch family settling in New York State ; the officiating clergyman being Rev. Joseph H. Price, D. D., of St. Stephens Protestant Episcopal Church, who is still living and one of the oldest in the diocese. In works of benevolent and public enterprise Mr. Raynor has been an active worker. He is a member of Kane Lodge No. 454, F. and A. M. He is also a member of the famous " 13 Club," organized to combat the antiquated superstitions which obtain to a large extent at the present day ; also of New York Press Asso ciation, representing the South Side Observer, Rockville Center, Queens County, L. I. Mr. Raynor is of a sociable nature, genial and pleasant in con versation, and makes many friends among his business and other associates. 286 THE AMERICAN GUARD. CAPTAIN EDWARD 0. RIPLEY, Of the Veteran Association, Seventy-first Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., was born at the family mansion, Ripley Hill, South Coventry, Connecticut, on the first day of August, 1844. He is a lawyer by profession, and has pursued the practice of the law successfully for the past twenty years in the city of New York. In 1861 he received an appointment under and by Captain S. H. Dunan in the Depot Quartermaster's office, located at Baltimore, Md., and served under Captains Dunan and Alexander Cuming and Colonel R. M. Newport until the close of the war, first occupying the position of Ordinary Clerk, then promoted to Court-martial Clerk, and finally promoted to the position of Assistant Cashier, which position he held at the close of the war. In 1874 he was appointed Quartermaster of the Seventy-first Regiment, with rank of First Lieutenant, and held the position until 1882, when he was promoted to the position of Inspector of Rifle Practice, with rank of Captain, which position he held until September, lb84, when, upon tendering his resignation, he was honorably discharged. He now holds the position of First Lieu tenant of Company E of the Veteran Corps. CAPT. GEORGE W. ROSEVELT, rORMBRLY QUARTERMASTER SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. Capt. Geo. W. Rosevelt is descended on his father's side from one of the old and well known Knickerbocker families who have been prominent in the public affairs of New York State from its earliest settlement down to the present time. On his mother's side Capt. Rosevelt is descended from Roger Williams, of Rhode Island. He inherits many of the traits of both his paternal and maternal ancestors. Capt. Rosevelt was born in the village of Plattsburg, N. Y., July 20, 1824. His father was an enterprising country merchant and farmer. Like most boys of his age young Rosevelt looked for a wider fleld and greater opportunities than those afforded in a country town. At the age of thirteen he came to New York, and was for a short time in the employ of his brother. After serving two or three years as clerk in different houses he entered the employ of Brown & Bell, who were then, in 1840, the largest ship-builders THE AMERICAN GUARD. 287 in the city ; he remained with this firm for eleven years, and in 1851 he established the business of repairing vessels and docks, under the firm name of Rosevelt & Griffiths. Tnis has continued without interruption up to the present titne. Mr. Rosevelt commenced his military experience in 1845 as Lieutenant in the State Militia, holding his commission from Governor Silas Wright. In 1862, soon after Colonel Vosburgh assumed command of the 71st Regiment, Mr. Rosevelt was appointed Assistant-Paymaster, and on December 28, 1859, he was commissioned Paymaster of the regiment by Governor Morgan. At the breaking out of the war in 1861 hewas appointed Quartermaster on the Staff of Colonel Vosburgh, and after the death of that officer he was appointed to the same position by Colonel II. P. Martin. He served through the campaign, was with the regiment at the battle of Bull Run, and other engagements. The important services rendered by'him on this occasion called forth the following commendation by his commanding officer : "Mr. George W. Rosevelt is the Quartermaster of the 71st Regiment, N. Y. S. M., and during our term of service uhder Government raised, collected and disbursed the fund necessary for the purchase of the clothing and stores we received, accounting for the same to the last cent. " I take great pleasure in recommending him as one of the most honest and reliable men in the world, and very energetic in whatever he undertakes. " No person more straightforward or correct in his dealings than George W. Rosevelt lives, in my estimation. " Henet P. Martin, " Col. 71st Regt., N. Y.S.M. '• New Yoek, January 1, 1862." Mr. Rosevelt went out with the regiment in 1862, and again in 1863- during a portion of the time he served as Captain of Engineers. On July 23, 1863, he was commissioned Quartermaster by Governor Horatio Seymour. He served on the Staff of Colonel Trafford after the resignation of Colonel Martin ; he continued to hold the position of Quartermaster until the resignation of Colonel Trafford in 1866, when he was honorably discharged. He became soon after a member of the Veteran Association, and for a time held the position of Quartermaster; he still takes an active interest in the affairs of tbe Association. Mr. Rosevelt became identified with the Masonic Fraternity in 288 THE AMERICAN GUARD. 1851, and was one of the charter members of Henry Clay Lodge ; he filled every important position in that Lodge except that of W. M. He has been quite prominent in commercial affairs outside of his own 'business ; he has served for sixteen years as a director in the Mechanics and Traders' Bank, and has been for several years a director in the New York Floating Dry Dock Company. In 1846 he married Mary C, daughter of William Young, of the Hudson River Iron Foundry ; his wife deceased in 1884. He has one son living, at present engaged in business on Wall street. DRUM MAJOR JOHN A. SCOTT Was born in New York city, January 18, 1852 ; he left school at the age of twelve, and learned the trade of carpenter; he worked as an apprentice, subsequently as a journeyman, until 1880, when he started in business for himself. On October 1, 1866, being then a lad of fourteen, he joined the 84th Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., Colonel Fred. Conklin, as drummer boy. He continued with that regiment for about a year, and in October, 1867, he joined the 79th Regiment as drummer boy, under Colonel Shaw, with which he remained until February, 1870. He had then arrived at military age, and on February 1, 1870, he enlisted for the first time as drummer in the 71st Regiment, then commanded by Colonel Rockafellar. In March, 1871, he was made Corporal, and the same year was elected 3d Sergeant ; in August, 1873, he was made 1st Sergeant. On December 1, 1834, he was appointed, by Colonel Vose, Drum Major of the regiment, to suc ceed N. T. Jenks, deceased. He held this position until Colonel McAlpin assumed command of the regiment, when he resigned. In June, 1886, Mr. Scott was elected a member of the Veteran Association, 7lst Regiment. He is a member of the Drum Majors' Association, composed of New York and Brooklyn drum majors. He is also a member of Garfield Lodge, Knights of Honor, and of Wannock Council, American Legion of Honor, of which he is Tieasurer. On October 27, 1875, he married Hattie A. S. Smith, of Belle- port, L. I. They have three children, viz.^ Walter J., John B., and Chester W. Maj. Scott was with the 71st Regiment during the Orange riots of 1871 and the railroad riots of 1877. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 289 CHARLES A. SENIOR. The father of Mr. Senior was a prominent member of the old Light Guard, organized some forty years ago. He was of English descent, but thoroughly American in his views, and took a special pride in the military organization with which he was connected. Charles A. Senior, the subject of this sketch, was born in New York city, in 1841. He enjoyed the superior educational advantages afforded by our public school system, and after complet ing his education he became assistant to his father in the undertak ing business. On the death of his father, in 1868, he took the entire charge of the business as his father's successor. Through the father's influence, young Senior became a member of the famous Light Guard in 1857, when he was but sixteen years of age. He was large in stature and strong physically, and could handle a musket with perfect ease. When the Light Guard was consolidated with the 71st Regiment in 1857, Mr. Senior came in as a member of Company A, and was active in promoting its ad vancement. He was sick during the early part of the war, and un able to attend to military duties in the fleld. His trouble was ag gravated by excitement of any kind. He was in the service of the State, however, during the draft riots of 1863, and was on duty most of the time during that eventful period. He served with the regiment until 1864, and was then honorably discharged. He became a member of the Veteran Association soon after its organization. He has been for many years a member of the Old Guard. He is also a member of Star of Cuba Lodge No. 732, F. and A. M. He was formerly a member of Grammercy Lodge, F. and A. M., of New York. In 1863 he married Miss Ehzabeth G. Larkin. They have eight children. ALEXANDER STEELE. Me. Steele, by his remarkable scores at Creedmoor, is evident ly entitled to the destinction of champion marksman of the National Guard, New York State. His remarkable record as a marksman added new lustre to the fame of the old 71st. Mr. Steele was born in New York city, November 9, 1849. He 19 290 THE AMERICAN GUARD. received a good common school education, and at the age of four teen he apprenticed to James Everdell, one of the largest engraving houses in the city. He remained with him until 1869, when he established business for himself. On November 25, 1870, he joined Company G, Capt. Webber, 7l8t Regiment. In April 6, 1872, he was promoted Corporal. In January 8, 1873, he was made Sergeant, and March 10, 1875, he was made 1st Sergeant. He was honorably discharged, December 30, 1878, as 1st Sergeant. He was prompt in his attendance at drills and dress-parade, and on all public occasions, when the regiment was called out. He was on duty during the railroad riots of 1877. During the Creedmoor competition target practice he won great destinction as a marks man. He carried the champion badge of the regiment — ^given by Colonel Vose — for three-and-a-half years. He won the $100 Rem ington rifle for the best marksmanshjp in his company. He also won the prize of $50 in gold for rapid flring. He was a member of the team that won the Colonel Oliphant trophy for volley and flle flring, competed for by representatives of the whole National Guard. During this period he was detailed as instructor in shoot ing for his company. In the practice for the inter-State competi tion, he made the best record of any member of the National Guard, and is doubtful if the score has ever been equaled by any other person. The following is the record which is well authenticated and vouched for, viz., 15 consecutive Bull's Eyes at 200 yards. 15 " " 600 " 16 " " 600 " The score was made during a heavy rain storm, while the wind was blowing a stiff breeze across the targets. Mr. Steele married, August 9, 1869, Miss Charlotte, daughter of Henry Wilson, formerly President of the Board of Fire Com missioners. The wife of Mr. Steele deceased in 1880, leaving two children. He subsequently married Mary, daughter of Robert Taggart, Esq., of New York. He has three children now living, viz., Henry, Alexander, and Charlotte. Mr. Steele became a member of the Veteran Association in 1886. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 291 EDWARD SNOWDEN Was born in New Brunswick, N. J., November 27, 1844. His early education was at a private school. He was one of the first pupils who entered the free school after it was established in his native town, in 1850. After leaving school in 1856 he worked for about two and a half years on a farm, and subsequently served a few months as clerk in a dry goods store in his native town. In the spring of 1860 he came to New York and entered the house of Geo. F. Randolph, a dealer in grindstones. He remained with Mr. Randolph nntil 1867, when he was given an interest in the business. In 1883 Mr. Randolph retired and Mr. Snowden assumed the whole business of the firm as his successor. Mr. Snowden's military experience commenced September 20, 1864, when he joined H Company, 71st Regiment, as private. In August, 1868, he was made Corporal. In 1870, having removed his residence to Newark, N. J., his name was dropped from the roll. In the winter of 1874 he again joined his company, and in March, 1875, was elected First Sergeant. During the fall and winter of 1876, the other officers being absent, he acted as com mandant of the company under a warrant. He was Secretary of his company from 1867 to 1869. In consequence of severe illness, from which he was not expected to recover, he applied, in May, 1877, for his discharge, and it was only after repeated appeals to his Commandant, and finally to his Colonel (Vose), that he received it in June following. After his recovery he was importuned by com mittees from his own and other companies to accept a commission of lirst Lieutenant, for which he had proved himself fully compe tent. During the Orange riot, on the night of July 12, 1871, the 71st Regiment was detailed to keep an open passage in Union Square, forthe expected procession. Mr. Snowden was placed in charge of his company by his superior officer, and posted on the south side of the Square from the Washington to the Lincoln Statue. The crowd gathered at that point were greatly excited and difficult to control, requiring great coolness, self-possession, and courage on the part of the officer in command. Mr. Snowden was twice knocked down by stones thrown by the mob, and was confined to the house for several days in consequence of injuries received. He served with the regiment on other public occasions, notably at Oakland Beach and Creedmoor. 292 THE AMERICAN GUARD. On November 27, 1867, he married Miss Eliza Van Boskerck, of New York city, who deceased October 12, 1884, leaving three children, viz., Lillie, Frank, and George. On January 26, 1886, he married Mrs. Sarah Jackson, of New York, a widow with three children, viz., Harry, Edward, and Ida. Mr. Snowden joined the Veteran Association in 1876. He is also a member of Zeredatha Lodge No. 131, F. and ¦\. M., of Jersey City. He is now serving his third term as W. M. of that Lodge, and the first one honored with that position for more than two years. In Belleville Lodge No. 108, N. J., of which he was formerly a member, he filled every position except that of W. M. and Treas urer. He subsequently joined Howard Lodge No. 35, New York, and dimitted from that to Zeredatha Lodge in 1878. He was form erly a member of Union Chapter No. 7, R. A. M., of Newark. He is a member of Kane Council No. 2, of Newark and Damascus Commandery No. 5. In the latter he has held the positions of Warden, Sen. Warden, and Captain General. GEORGE E. TAYLOR Was born in New York city, November 9, 1846. On his father's side he is a descendant of George Taylor, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. On his mother's side he is descended from a distinguished English officer, who was wounded at the battle of Waterloo, and died soon after. In the latter part of 1861 he enlisted in C Company, 17th Regi ment, N. Y. S. Militia, commanded by John G. Fay. In 1862 he enlisted in the 2d Penn. Reserves, and was detailed as Orderly to Gen. D. B. McGibben. He participated in the battle of Gettys burg, July 3, 1863, where he was wounded and sent to David's Island, New York harbor (that being the nearest to his home). He was subsequently transferred to 3d Company, 1st Battalion, Veteran Reserve Corps, where he remained until his discharge in the fall of 1864. He soon after returned to his old Company C, 17th Regi ment, N. Y. S. Militia, and was appointed Sergeant. In 1870 he was transferred to the 3d Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., then com manded by Col. J. G. Fay, under whom he first enlisted in 1861, his Captain having in the interim been elected to the command of the 3d Regiment. Sergeant Taylor continued with this regiment until the expiration of his term of service. In 1877 he joined the 27th THE AMERICAN GUARD. 293 Regiment with his old rank of Sergeant, and remained with it until it disbanded in 1880, having served as Duty Sergeant seventeen years. While this regiment was encamped at Pelhamville in 1877, Sergeant Taylor rendered important service, which was duly ac knowledged through the columns of the press at that time, as follows : "Chief Engineer Revere desires us to state that he is under special obligations to Sergeant Taylor, and about a dozen other members of the 27th Regiment Infantry, N. G. S. N. Y., lately encamped at Pelhamville, for the valuable and disinterested assist ance rendered by them in protecting Mr. Taylor's house on Centre street during the late disastrous fire. Their voluntary and timely labors are deserving of all praise. Outside of this no other help reported to the Chief Engineer." In 1880 Sergeant Taylor joined Company C, 71st Regiment, as private, in which he served until April 18, 1885. The whole term of his military service covers a period of twenty-four years, and during this time he has taken part in suppressing all the dis turbances in the State in which the assistance of the National Guard was required. Sergeant Taylor won considerable distinction as a marksman in the competitive practice at Creedmoor, while a member of the 27th Regiment. He joined the Veteran Association, 71st Regiment, in July, 1885. FIRST LIEUT. HENRY H. TYSON. " NoTHmo succeeds like success " is a trite saying, and the man who has been uniformly successful in business — whose credit has never been impaired — is possessed of qualities unlike most of his competitors, of whom ninety-nine out of every hundred, it is estimated, fail in business at some period of their lives. Like his brother George J., Henry H. Tyson commenced early in life to " paddle his own canoe." He was bom in New York city, April 4, 1834. He started in the newspaper business in a small way when he was but twelve years of age, and for about 28 years was associated with his brother George in the several news paper ventures of the latter, and assisted in supporting his wid- 294 THE AMERICAN GUARD. owed mother, brothers, and sisters, until the others grew up to take his place. In 1858, while still engaged in the newspaper business, a friend of his, who was carrying on business in Jefferson Market, and who was financially embarrassed, solicited the aid of Mr. Tyson. The latter then purchased the whole business, and gave his friend a half interest in the profits. Mr. Tyson attended to his newspaper busi ness in the early morning, and to his market business through the day. He worked up a large trade with the leading lines of steamers as well as a first class family trade. About 1866 his partner retired, and Mr. Tyson assumed the whole business. He watched the pro gress of events and observed that the first class trade was gradually working up- town. He started a branch at Croton Market, on 42d street, and ran the two for six years. He gave up his newspaper business'in 1872 ; about the same time opened a branch market on the corner of 53d street and Madison avenue. This he continued for three years. In 1881 he took the market building comer of 5th avenue and 44th street, where he has built up the largest and best class of trade in the city. Among his patrons are the Yander bilts, Jay Gould, Russel Sage, and other leading business men. His unvarying success he attributes to his close study of human nature — which enables him to discriminate in his credits — together with his honest and fair dealings with his numerous patrons. It is no exaggeration to say that " his word is as good as his bond." In 1856 he joined the United American Guard, at that time an independent organization. This company came into the Seventy- first Regiment in 1856, and took the letter H. Mr. Tyson partici pated with the regiment in the suppression of the Staten Island Sepoys and the New York Dead Rabbits in 1857. He was mus tered into the U. S. service with the regiment in 1861, and took part in the first battle of Bull Run and the several skirmishes of that campaign. He remained at home during the campaign of '62, and assisted in organizing I company, of which he was made Ist Sergeant. In 1863 he was mustered into the U. S. service with the rank of 1st Sergeant, and participated in the Pennsylvania campaign, and afterwards in the suppression of the New York draft riots. In 1865 he was commissioned First Lieutenant of Compaiiy I. His business interests compelled his withdrawal from the National Guard. In 1868 he resigned. In 1866 he married Letitia Ann Cabre, of New York. They THE AMERICAN GUARD. 295 have had six children, have lost two. His son, Henry H., Jr., is a promising medical student of the New York University. Mr. Tyson is a member of Chancellor Walworth Lodge No. 271, F. and A. M. He was formerly a member of Corinthian Chapter, R. A. M., and of Manhattan Commandery. He served several years in the Volunteer Fire Department. COLONEL JOHN T. UNDERHILL. Colonel Undeehill is a descendant of the famous Captain John Underhill, who came to America in 1632, from England, hav ing served as an officer in the British army, and was distinguished for his wonderful military prowess in the early struggles of the colonists with the Indians. An early historian says of him : " He was a man of the most determined resolution, activity, and courage, and such was the rapidity of his movements and the subtilty of attack that his enemies were almost always taken by surprise, and consequently defeated." Whittier has immortalized him in a poem entitled " John [Jnderhill." Colonel Peter Underhill, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, served in the war of 1812 as commander of the Westchester Horse Artillery. John T. Underhill was bom in New York city, August 17, 1842. His early education was received at private school; he was graduated at the New York High School in 1857. For nearly thirty years he has been connected with the wholesale dry goods business, and is at present associated with the house of Dale, Reed & Cooley, commission merchants. Col. Underbill's military service commenced with the 8th Regi ment, N. Y. S. M., as a private of Company H, in 1858. He served for about four years. When the 37th was organized in 1862, he joined Company D of that regiment and went with it to the front. During that campaign he was made 1st Sergeant and 2d Lieutenant. In the fall of 1862 he organized Company I of the same regiment, and was elected Captain. He mustered 106 men, which made it the largest company in the regiment. He served through the Pennsylvania campaign in 1863, as Captain of this company, participating in the engagements at Oyster Point, Sport ing Hail, and the capture of Carlisle. He met with a narrow 296 THE AMERICAN GUARD escape at the latter place. A piece of shell struck the musket of Mr. Starr, who was next him, and glanced, which probably saved the lives of both. Captain Underhill served on garrison duty with his company at Staten Island, in the campaign of 1864. He was very popular with his men, and in July, 1863, he was presented by his company with an elegant sword, belt, wreath, and sash. Capt. Underhill was rendered supernumerary when Colonel Farrar took command of the regiment. In March, 1873, Capt. Underhill was commissioned Adjutant of the 3d Regiment, N. G, S. N. y., serving in that capacity until the disbandment of the regiment in 1873. He then organized the 27th Regiment of eight companies, in Westchester County, and was unanimously elected Colonel, Nov. 24th, 1873. He subsequently raised four more com panies, two of which he retained in his own regiment, and the other two formed the nucleus of the 16th Battalion. Colonel Underhill continued in command of this regiment until 1878, when he was rendered supernumerary by the action of the Legislature in reducing the number of regiments in the National Guard. He still holds his commission of Colonel. In 1874 he was presented with an elegant medal by the officers of his regiment. Colonel Underhill joined the Veteran Association, Seventy-first Regiment, soon after the change in the by-laws making the 37th veterans eligible to membership. He was elected Captain of the first company. He designed the uniform now worn by the mem bers of the Veteran Association, and wore the first one at an enter tainment of the regiment. Col. Underhill has been for a number of years a member of the Old Guard, and served for six years as Sergeant-Major. In 1874 he organized the American Rifle As sociation. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity. He is Past Master of Marble Lodge No. 702, F. and A. M. ; Past Com mander of Bethlehem Commandery No. 53, of New Rochelle, N. Y. ; is a member of Ancient Chapter No. 1, R. A. M. ; Adelphic Council No. 7, R. and S. M. ; and is P. D. D. G. M. of the Ninth Masonic District, comprising the counties of Westchester, Putnam, and Dutchess. In 1866 he married Anna Maria, daughter of Thomas W. Thorn, of New York city, since deceased. He subsequently mar ried Lydia Emma, daughter of Joseph H. Thompson, of Ports mouth, N. H. He has four children. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 297 GEORGE H. VAN NESS Was born in New York city. May 19, 1836. He received a liberal education at the public schools of this city. When at the age of eighteen was First Lieutenant in the famous Baxter Light Guard. His grandfather, James Van Ness, fought in the war of 1812 ; his Uncle, Thomas Mook, also fought in the war of 1812, and at the time of his death was the oldest New York citizen on record. Mr. Van Ness enlisted in the 4th Company, 7th Regiment, N. Y. S. M., October 19, 1857 ; enlisted in Company E, 71st Regiment, N. Y. S. M., October 23, 1861, and remained on duty with his regiment during its service ; was Corporal, Left General Guide, and Regi mental Quartermaster Sergeant. He participated in the draft riot, Orange riot, and also in the Dead Rabbit riot, rendering efficient service during that period. He was honorably discharged after twenty-three years service, in April, 1881. He is at present a mem ber of Americus Council, Royal Arcanum Veteran Association, 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., and of the famous Old Guard. Mr. Van Ness is of medium height, quiet and reserved, and is very popular among his comrades and associates. C. G. WEBER Was born in New York city, October 29, 1843, and after receiving a fair education he commenced his business career in the seed busi ness. This he has continued for twenty-five years. In 1866 he joined E Company, 71st Regiment, and in 1868 was elected Corporal, in 1870 fourth Sergeant. During his term of service he held it to be his first duty to obey promptly every call of the regiment at the sacrifice of either his business or domestic affairs. He assisted in the suppression of the Orange riots in July, 1871, and turned out on every important occasion during his term of service, which expired in 1874, when he was honorably dis charged. In 1873 he was elected a member of the Veteran Asso ciation. The only other organization with which he is connected is the Knights of Honor, a benevolent society. In 1867 he married Miss Mary Louisa Trapp, of New York city. They have had one child, deceased. 298 THE AMERICAN GUARD. HENRY WHITE Was bom in New York city, January 7, 1830. In 1844 he com menced his career as errand boy in a wholesale establishment, after wards learning the business of turning and scroll-sawing, which he followed until 1874, when he embarked in the provision and pro duce line. In 1879 he received an appointment in the Grand Cen tral Depot, where he is still employed. In January, 1867, he removed to Tarrytown, N. Y., and continued hjis residence there eighteen years, returning to his native city in 1885. He commenced his military career by volunteering in the 2d Regiment N. Y. Volunteers, Col. Alex. H. Meing, Jr., at the break ing out of the Mexican War, but the regiment, after being presented with a stand of colors by the city authorities, was mustered out, their services not being required by the U. S. Government. In 1848 he enlisted in the old Sixth Regiment, Colonel Thomas F. Peers, and was attached to E Company, Captain James N. Wells. September 20, 1851, he joined the American Rifles, E Company, commanded by Captain Charles H. Wheeler. He was soon pro moted and made Third Sergeant. In 1852 he, with thirty com rades, including Captain Wheeler, was transferred to the letter A, which company had recently been disbanded. Sergeant White was advanced to First Sergeant, and filled that position about three years. The company, under Captain R. Wells Kenyon, was dis banded in 1857. The members were transferred to other companies, and Sergeant White, with five comrades, at their own request, were transferred to C Company, Captain W. J. Coles. He was honor ably discharged in 1859, but continued in active service in the regi ment until his removal from the city in 1867. During his military career he was on duty with the Sixth Regi ment at the Astor Place riot, with the Seventy-first Regiment in the " Sepoy War " and the Dead Rabbit riot, and in 1861 was mustered into the U. S. service with the regiment, and shared its for tunes at the first battle of Bull Run, the skirmish near Centreville, and was detailed for marine service, with a detachment from C Company, under the command of Lieutenant Maynard, on board the gunboat Mount Vernon, which vessel had been ordered for surveying duty on the Potomac, from the Washington Navy Yard to Blackstone Island. He was mustered out of the U. S. service with his regiment at the expiration of its term of service. During the draft riots, in 1863, he was again in active service. THE AMERICAN GUARD. 299 and was present with the regiment on every occasion of importance during his connection with it. In 1852 he married Miss Rebecca Williams, " deceased in 1864." He subsequently married Mrs. Annie Graham. Six children have blessed his home, viz., Mary, Henry, Bella, Randolph, Edwin, and Arthur. Mr. White has been an active member of the Grand Army of the Republic neariy twenty years. He was Post Commander of Acker Post No. 70 three years. He is now a member of Ward B. Burnett Post No. 496, of Tarrytown, N. Y. ; also a prominent mem ber of Solomon's Lodge No. 196, F. & A. M., haviug served two terms as Master and twenty years in the Fraternity. Early in 1886 he joined the Veteran Corps, 71st Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., and is one ofthe olde-t in service of its members. P. J. WHITE. The ancestors of Mr. White were among the early settlers of Massachusetts, and took part in the early Indian and French war, and his grandfather fought in the war of the Revolution. Peltiah, his father, was born in Douglass, Mass., in 1791, and in 1822 re moved to what is now Johnsburgh, Warren County, N. Y. It was then a wilderness. P. J. White, the youngest son, was born in Johnsburgh, May 9, 1829, and had no other education than that offered by the district school of his native town. He made the most of his limited advan tages, and when he was but seventeen years of age, he commenced to "paddle his own canoe." He removed to Glens Falls, N. Y., and entered a dry goods store as clerk. He acquired a fair knowl edge of business, and in 1852 he removed to New York city. His military experience commenced in 1864, when he joined F Company, 71st Regiment. He had ample opportunity for pro motion, but invariably dechned, preferring to remain in the ranks. He was prompt in his attendance at drill, and never failed when the regiment was called into any active service. He responded promptly when the regiment was called out to suppress the Orange riots, also on the election day following, when the regiment was held in reserve at the armory. He took part in every public demon stration of the regiment during his connection with it. He served 300 THE AMERICAN GUARD. in the ranks for eleven years, and was honorably discharged Sep tember 20, 1875. He joined the Veteran Association March 21, 1879. He served for one year as First Lieutenant of F Company. In 1858 he married Miss Lovisa West, of Glens Falls, by whom he had one child ; both have since deceased. During the past eleven years Mr. White has been connected with the house of L. D. Brown & Son, 486 Broadway. LIEUT. FRANK B. WHITNEY. Whitney, as a surname, owes its origin to the ancient but ob scure parish of Whitney, on the western confines of Herefordshire, near the border of Wales. It lies in the valley of the river Wye, which is here a mountain torrent, subject to sudden and destructive freshets. This circumstance affords a probable explanation of its name. Whitney being perhaps derived from the Anglo-Saxon words hwt, white, and ey, water, and so literally meaning white water. There seems to be no record of Whitney in Herefordshire prior to 1081, when it was recorded in William the Conqueror's Domes Day Book. The arms of the family are a cross chequy crest, a bull's head, with horns tipped with blood. Motto : Magnanimiter crueen sus- tine. Henry Whitney, the American ancestor of the family, was bom in England, probably about the year 1620, and emigrated to New England, where it is shown by the records that he purchased lands, Oct. 8, 1649. Lieutenant Frank B. Whitney, son of James A. Whitney and Eliza Crear (the latter of Scotch descent), was born at St. John, New Brunswick, January 9, 1859. lie removed with his parents to New York city in 1871, and received a liberal education at the public schools. He subsequently entered the office of his father, who was extensively engaged in the lumber business. He con tinued as his father's assistant until 1883, when the latter retired, the son assuming the entire charge of the business. Young Whitney evinced a fondness for the routine of military drill and tactics quite early in life, and • on October 1, 1878, he LIEUT JOHN R. LIVERMOHE. CAPT. r.E.., H. STCAV. J. T. KOHNEN. QM SEP.SE^'.T , . hi... ^ WILLIAM N. PHILBRICK. PAVf ,.STER VET\ ASS N LIEUT. WASHINGTON I, MOORE. CO. B 1850, RIKER ROCKEFELLER, JR. ORDMANCE S£BGT 71H PEGT CAPT. S. A. TAYLf.'R- COMOG CO K I J78-ff r I-I AS. REGNAULT. ' 3L0B BEARER 71tf REGT LIEUT, GEO. H. WYATT. .ETERAN ASSN CO C THE AMERICAN GUARD. 301 joined H Company, 71st Regiment, as private. He was promoted Corporal, January 13, 1880 ; First Sergeant, February 7, 1882 ; Sec ond Lieutenant, Nov. 4, 1882; detached as Acting Adjutant, June 13, 1883, and served with the regiment in camp at Peekskill ; he continued to serve in that capacity until March 17, 1884. He ac companied the regiment to New Orleans on its famous Southem trip, in February, 1881. On being relieved from this duty, at his own request, he was highly complimented by his commanding officer in the following " General Orders, No. 3, March 17, 1884: " " Lieut. F. B. Whitney is hereby relieved from duty as Acting Adjutant, at his own request, and Lieut. Charles B. Christopher is hereby detailed to act as Adjutant until further orders. In reliev ing Acting Adjutant F. B. Whitney from duty the Regimental Commander desires tb express his high appreciation of the excel lent manner in which he has performed the duties of the office, both in camp and since the return of the Regiment. " By order of "Colonel Riohaed Vose. " Chaeles B. Cheistophee, 2d Lieut., Act'g Adj't." On January 25, 1885, Lieut. Whitney tendered his resignation as a member of the 71st Regiment. On Dec. 19, 1884, he joined the Veteran Association, 71st Regiment. On July 17, 1884, Lieut. Whitney married Ella W., daughter of the late William Wilde, of New York city. They have one child, named Harold Wilde. Few men have ever left the regiment with a better or more satisfactory record. Lieut. Whitney is not a man to court popu larity. He is quiet, modest and reserved in his demeanor, faithful and conscientious in the discharge of every duty, " true as steel " to those he selects as his friends, and courteous to those whom he dislikes. He is of slight build, medium height, but of soldierly ap pearance on the field. He is a man of good executive ability, strict integrity, and stands well among his business associates. LIEUT. GEORGE H. WYATT. Me. Wyatt inherited his fondness for a military career from his immediate ancestors. His great grandfather was an officer in the war of the Revolution ; his grandfather was a Colonel in the 802 THE AMERICAN GUARD. New York State Militia, while his father held the rank of Lieut. in Battery of Artillery, N. G. S. N. Y. Mr. Wyatt was born in Paterson, Putnam Co., N. Y., Septem ber 21, 1848. He removed, with his parents, to New York, in 1857, where he attended school until he was twelve years of age, when he entered the employ of Wm. Lynch, where he remained for four years. In 1866 he made a trip to the Rocky Mountains on a prospecting tour. He continued in the mines for about three years. He returned to New York in 1869, arid was employed by his brother-in-law as book-keeper until 1871. He then entered the extensive shoe manufactory of E. C. Burt & Co., where his execu tive ability and ripe business experience soon placed him in an im portant and responsible position. He has been for some years superintendent of the principal manufacturing department. He was one of the youngest, if not the youngest member ever connected with the 7 1st Regiment as private. In September, 1865, he joined Company C, 71st Regiment, and, though but a mere stripling in age and appearance, being then but sixteen, he was en rolled as a private. He was promoted Corporal, June 17, 1 872 ; Sergeant, March 23, 1874; appointed Ordnance-Sergeant, Dec. 6, 1875 ; Sergeant-Major, April, 22, 1878 ; discharged, Sept. 1, 1879. He re-enlisted in the same company, May 7, 1880 ; appointed Commissary-Sergeant, July 17, 1882. He responded promptly to every call of the regiment for the suppression of riots or for public parade. The Orange riots and Railroad riots, both occurred during his term of service. He served, altogether, seventeen years, and was rarely absent from his post of duty, and never reprimanded for any cause whatsoever. On May 23, 1871, he married Miss Mary V. Ray, daughter of S. S. Ray, Esq., of Massachusetts. They have three children, viz., Jessie, Henry J., and Charles K. He was elected a member of the Veteran Association in 1882, and the following year was elected Lieutenant of C Company. In 1886 he was made a member of the Old Guard. YALE UNIVERSITY /..J I. '• ''A J itji '."'t's'.iC.-