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From the Piazza of the stone Dwelling on the base of Sadler's Rock. 1864. Sketched by J. Sheldon. See p. viii.

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VIEW IN LYNN,
From Forest Place —the grounds of J. C. Stickket, Esq. forming the foreground. 1864. Sketched by J. Sheldon.

HISTOEY

or

L Y ]sr • N ,

LYNNFIELD, SAUGUS, SWAMPSCOT

ASB

Nj^HA-IsTT.

BT
ALONZO j^EWIS
AND
JAMES R. NEWHALL.

BOSTON:
JOHN L. SHOREY, PUBLISHER,
13 Washinoton Street.
1865.

Entered accorduig to Act of Congress in the year 1865, by
James R. Newhali,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.

C?-t Kh -c.)^ I

A

\"

y.'"''

PEEFACE.

Alonzo Lewis, the accomplished historian of Lynn, died on
the twenty-first day of January, 1861. A few years before his
death he proposed publishing a new edition of his work, which
appeared in 1844, comprised in a volume of 278 pages. But
unforeseen obstacles occurred, and his design was never accom
plished. Tie few papers left by him came into the possession
of the individual whose name is associated with his in the title-
page of this volume; but they proved of scarcely any value,
consisting as they did of loose notes, mostly in pencil, mixed
with surveying calculations, poetic effusions, and all sorts of
memoranda ; and a large portion were incapable of being deci
phered, I was, therefore, compelled to lay almost every parti
cle aside, and simply take hia former edition,, and add to it
such matters of interest as were derived from my own ori
ginal investigations. It is probable that he intended to pre
pare his work as it passed through the press, merely taking
care to keep just a-head of the printer; though it is barely
possible that some prepared pages may have been destroyed
by the fire which occurred at the cojtage after his decease.
I have not felt at liberty to alter the text of Mr, Lewis —
excepting, of course, to here and there correct an obvious error,
like an error of the press, or mere slip in transcribing — or in
any way make him responsible for matter not his own; and
hence have indicated by brackets all the material additions and
corrections that I have made. (iii)

IV PEEFAOB.
It is quite impossible to avoid an occasional error in a work
of this kind. In the multitude of dates, names, and, detached
facts, where there are no connections and associations to
prompt the mind, the most lively watchfulness will not be
rewarded with entire success. Errors of the press are particu
larly liable to oqcur in works where figures, are freely used ;
because in fonts of type the figures are all of one size, while
the letters vary in their proportions, and the printer, who
readily distinguishes a wrong letter by the mere sense of feel-
* ing is at fault with that sense, when his fingers seize a figure.
The closing lines of Mather's Magnalia are so apt, that the
temptation to introduce tbem here is irresistible : " Beader,
Carthagena was of the mind that unto those three things which
the ancients held impossible, there should be added this fourth :
to find a book printed without erratas. It seems the hands of
Briareus and the eyes of Argus will not prevent them." And
elsewhere he says: "The holy Bible itself, in some of its edi
tions, hath been affronted with scandalous errors of the press-
work; and one of them so printed those words. Psalms, 119,
161 : ' Printers have persecuted me,' &c." It is, however, be
lieved, with some confidence, that this volume will be found as
free from errors as a work of the kind can well be made.
' It seemed necessary to bring along the histories of Lynn and
her 'municipal progeny — Lynnfield, Saugus, Swampscot, and
Nahant — in a united form, as much confusion would ensue
from an attempt to separate what was so blended ; the tables
at the close of the volume, embrace all that it appeared requisite
to give in separate form.
I have followed Mr Lewis's plan, when giving quotations
from old records, of presenting them with all their vagaries of
orthography and .syntax. Many have been puzzled to find a
reason for the diversity of spelling indulged in by the old
worthies; they often seeming to have used every effort to

PBEPAOB. V
give a word in as many; shapes as possible. But I have como
to the conclusion that they were eitker curiously experimenting
with the language, or considered the style ornamental.
It may be observed that I have not been so prodigal of titles
as is common with some. But this should not be attributed
to a disposition to detract- from the dignity of any one ; for
the fact is that " Esq." and " Hon." have now come to be so.
profusely, improperly, and even ridiculously applied, that they
have ceased to become any thing like safe testimonials of rank
or worth. And it is quite refreshing to see a name without
meretricious adornment. It must be a weak name that cannot
stand without a crutch; and all titles of dignity, when worn
by those whose lives do not become them, are debasing rather
than ennobling, impressing all well-ordered minds with a sense
of irony. But these remarks may be unnecessary, as it is hardly
probable that the omission of titles would be noticed by any,
excepting^ perhaps, a few who might feel themselves wronged
by the omission. Anciently there was more discrimination in
the use of titles, if there was not less love of them. Mister or
Master was a title of dignity, awarded to magistrates, ministers,
doctors, and generally to those who had taken the freeman's
oath; and on some occasions individuals were depriv^ of it,
by special law, as a punishment. Goodman was the pre^^ of
those who had not attained to any dignity, nor had taken the
freeman's oath. Military titles were highly prized; and as^
exposure to perils might be necessary for their legitimate
attainment the baptismal font was sometimes resorted to for
the bestowal ; and it will be by no means a matter of wonder
if "Honorables'-' are presently made in the same way. Conceit
and ambition have done a great many worse ftiings. There
was a delicate custom that prevailed. to some extent even
down to the present century, which deserves mentioning — the .
custom of giving to all respectable women who had attained
A*>

VI PEEPACB.
middle life — those who had never been wedded as well as those
who had ¦ — the prefix of Mife. or Mistress. This, however, is not
so convenient, in some respects, as our oU'Stom, and has occa
sioned errors among genealogists who did not keep it in mind.
In designating a particular century, I have adopted, in place
of the old form, a mode of expression that seems more readily
to fix the right time in the mind. Instead, for instance, of calling
the century beginning with 1600, the seventeenth, and that
beginning with 1700, the eighteenth, the first is designated as
century 1600, and the latter as century 1700. This seems in
accordance with the mode of expression usual in similar cases.
It may not be inappropriate to mention that the types for
every page of this volume were set by my own hands. There
are divers things necessary to the decent appearance of any
work, about which the author has, ordinarily, no occasion to
trouble himself; but when he is compelled to assume the burden
his labors are greatly iiicreased. The exactness required in
everything touching the mechanical department of book making
is a source of care and perplexity. And then, in a critical point
of view, the late fantastical innovations in the spelling, com
pounding, and capitalizing of words, and the punctuating of
sentences, demand constant attention, if any thing like uniform
ity would be preserved. But it may be unwise to volunteer dis
closures that show responsibility. A local work, like this, must
always be put through the press in the most economical way,
or pecuniary loss is sure to ensue ; and the present is issued
not without apprehension on the point. But here it is with its
imperfections on its head. It was prepared during hours filched
from the duties of an exacting profession, and- sometimes from
needed rest. Yet the labor was pleasant. And if the reader
derives as much enjoyment from the perusal as tbe writer did
from the preparation, and he escapes absolute pecuniary loss he
is ready 'to declare himself abundantly satisfied. J. R. N

OEDER OF THIS HISTOEY.,

CHAPTER L, Beginning on Page 9:
Embraces Introductory Remarks — Notices of the Early
Voyages and Discoveries in and about our territory — An
account of the Indians found here, with brief Biograph
ical Sketches of some of the more prominent — Topograph
ical and general Descriptions, with notices of Natural
History and Phenomena — Facts concerning the Business
Enterprises and Employments of the Settlers, and their
Religious Character, Manners, and peculiar Customs.
CHAPTER IL, Beginning on Page 111:
Carries forward our History, year by year, in the form of
Annals, giving all important events under the appropriate
dates, from the time of the first settlement, in 1629, to the
year 1865 — interspersed with brief notices of prominenit
individuals, and other matters deemed pertinent.
CHAPTER III. Beginning on Page 479 :
Contains Biographical Sketches of various Natives of
Lynn who from position, endowments or acts seemed enti
tled to some special notice.
CHAPTER IV., Beginning on Page 575 :
Embraces various Tables — Lists of Public Officers, Names
of Early Settlers, Religious Societies and Ministers, News
papers and Editors, etc. — together with Statistical Sum
maries.
CHAPTER v., Beginning on Page 590:
Contains brief Concluding Remarks, alluding especially to
(vii)

vm OEDEE OP THE HISTOET.
the progress of Lynn during the last twenty years —
and closing with acknowledgments for the friendly assist
ance received during the progress of the work.
THE INDEX, Beginning on Page 593 :
Contains all the Surnames in the book, alphabetically ar
ranged in connection with the subjects. Names are so nat
urally connected in the mind with events that it is thought
the arrangement will prove highly useful. A full index is
to a work of this kind of the first impor,tance. Indeed a
good index is a valuable addition to any work. , And the'i
object of the threat of Lord Campbell to introduce a bill
into the British Parliament making it penal to issue a book
without an index, should be better appreciated by book
makers than seems generally to be the case.

ILLUSTRATIONS.
Of the Illustrations in this volume little need be said, as for
the most part they explain themselves. But of the two Views
at the commencement, it may be remarked that in the one taken
from the base of Sadler's Rock, every church steeple in Lynn
but three, to wit, the Union street Methodist, the Second Uni-
versalist, and the South Street Methodist, is shown. On the
extreme left, appears High Rock, with its Observatory; and
then come the steeples in this order: Second Baptist, First
Universalist, Chesnut Street Congregational, Central Congrega-
tional, Boston Street Methodist, First Methodist, Roman Cath
olic, First Baptist, First Congregational; which brings us to
the extreme right of the picture. In the View from Forest
Place, proceeding from left to right, we have the First Congre
gational, Second Universalist, Boston Street Methodist, South
Street Methodist. And thus the, two pictures give every stee
ple in town exceping the Union Street Methodist.

HISTORY or LYNN.

CHAPTEE I.
(Seneral Remarks, page 9 — Early Voyages and Discoyeries, 25 — Nahant,
Grant of, to Capt. Gorges, 30 — The Indians, 32 — Indian Deed of Lynn,
49 — Topography and Phenomena, 56 — Shoes and Shoemaking, 86 —
Aacient Ferry ; Roads ; L-on Works, 93 — Peculiar Customs and Doings in
Religiojus Matters, 100. GENEEAL EEMAEKS.
When the collection of the , facts composing this work was
commenced, very little was known of the early history of Lynn.
It had not even been ascertained in what year the town wfis
settled — the records for the first sixty-two years were wholly
wanting — and the names of the early settlers were unknown.
It has been said that the Town Records were burnt, about the
year 1690 ; but that they were in existence long after that peri
od, is evident from an order respecting them, on the seventh
of March, 1715, when the inhabitants voted that — "Whereas,
some of the old Town Records are much shattered, therefore,
so much shall be transcribed out of one or more of them, into
another book as the selectmen shall think best .... and the
selectmen having perused two of the old Town Books, and
find that the second book is most shattered, and that the oldest
book may be kept fare to reed severail years, think it best and
order, that soe much shall be transcribed." A few pages were
thus copied, and the books were afterward destroyed or lost.
[In 1686, Oliver Purchis was elected Town Clerk. And
probably he kept the records in a careless manner, as subse
quently this passage appears: "At a Town Mjeeting held in
Lyn, May 16th, 1704, the to-s^^n being informed that there was
(9)

10 HISTOET OP LTNN.
considerable concerns of the town lay in loose papers that was
acted when Capt. Purchis was Town Clark — therefore Voated,
that the present selectmen, with Capt. Theo. Burrill, should be
a committee to sort all them papers and such of them as they
thought fit the Towne Clark to record in y« Towne Booke.'
The papers were accordingly sorted and some recorded. But
though among the rejected ones there were doubtless many con
taining matters that would be highly interesting to the people
of this day, yet it is hardly probable that anything of real
value escaped.
[The sly censure on Mr. Purchis involved in the vote,
should, however, be a warning to all delinquent clerks. And
had some who preceded him been a little more sharply looked
after it is not likely that we should be so destitute of what
we now mourn for as lost. Of late years our records have
been kept in, a very perfect manner, and it is earnestly to
be hoped that the example they furnish may at no time in the
future be disregarded.
[It is well to bear in mind, however, that divers matters
which are now considered entirely within the jurisdiction of
the towns themselves, were anciently taken cognizance of by
the General and Quarterly Courts. Town records were hence
deemed of comparatively small importance, and often kept with
little care ; far too little, when it is considered what mischief
might arise, for instance, from uncertainty respecting land allot
ments. But the living witnesses were then at hand, and the
necessities of the great future could not be anticipated. Yet it
is not believed that Lynn has greatly suffered from the loss of
her early records. Richard Sadler was our first Clerk of the
Writs, acting also, it is presumed, in the capacity of Town
Clerk. And he was probably a man, of education, as he after
ward became a minister in England. No vestige of his jottings
are now known to exist. But should every scrap of his old
book — if, indeed, his records ever assumed a shape worthy of
so dignified a name — come to light, it is hardly probable that
it would compensate for a perusal excepting in the way of
curiosity ; for it appears almost certain that a knowledge of all
the doings of real importance has come down to us through
other channels.

.GENEEAL EEMAEKS. 11
[Where Mr. Lewis, a few lines hence, speaks of having discov
ered a copy of three pages of the town records of 1638, he no
doubt refers to those containing the land allotments. He found
the copy among the records at Salem. Now this fact shows
that the old authorities realized the importance of perpetuating
evidence concerning the division, and hence had the pages
recorded where the record would be most secure ; if, indeed,
the law did not then require that all transactions concerning
real estate should appear in the county archives. And does
not this support the view just taken concerning the value of
the lost records ? The great utility of a proper record of births,
marriages and deaths, was in former times seldom kept in view.
Our town books all along bear melancholy evidence of this.
And even now, it is hard to make some people realize how
important a record conceming even the most humble individual
may become somewhere in the future. Very few come into the
world, concerning whom it is not of consequence to preserve
some exact knowledge, however lowly may be the estimation
in which their own modesty induces them to hold themselves.]
In my researches I found several volumes of old records of
births, marriages and deaths, commencing in 1675, in a very
ruinous condition, and caused them to be bound and furnished
with an index. The earliest record of the proceedings of the
town, now in existence, commences in the year 1691 ; and the
earliest parish record, in .1722.
I have examined every attainable source of information, to
supply the deficiencies of the lost records. I have discovered
numerous ancient manuscripts ; and among them a copy of three
pages of the old Town Records for 1638, and several in subse
quent years, which providentially ¦ happened to be the pages
most wanted. I have also found a journal, kept daily for forty-
four years by Mr. Zaccheus Collins ; and another, for twenty
years, by Mr. Richard Pratt; in which they appear to have
noticed everything remarkable during those long periods, and
from which I have extracted many interesting particulars. I
have transcribed from the records of state and county, as well
as from those of town and parish ; and from numerous files of
unpublished papers. Indeed I have spared neither labor nor
expense to 'make this history complete. Not only have nume-

12 HISTOET OF LYNN.
rous volumes concerning early discoveries and settlements in
America been consulted, but the manuscript records of towns
and parishes in Great Britain and other European nations have
been explored.
It would have been quite as easy, in most instances, to have
conveyed the ideas in my own words ; but as I was delighted
with the quaintness and simplicity of the original language, I
thought that perhaps others might be equally pleased, More
over, I like to hear people tell their oVn stories. Some histori
ans have strangely distorted facts by changing the language so
as to fit their own fancies or conform to their own prejudices.
The records' and files .of our state government furnish much
information respecting our early history ; but as they existed
when I began my researches, a vast amount of patience was
requisite to obtain it. Those papers. were then tied up in hun
dreds of small bundles and many of them bore the impress of
the mob by whom they were trampled, in 1765. At my sug
gestion they have been arranged in volumes and furnished with
an index ; so that future historians will be spared much labor
to which I was subjected. The papers in other public offices,
and particularly those of the Essex Court, at Salem, merit a
similar attention. [It would be more exact, perhaps, to speak
of the papers as the records of the Colonial Courts, as there
were three distinct jurisdictions within the present county of
Essex, to wit, the Salem, the Ipswich, and the Norfolk County
Court jurisdictions, each with different magistrates and clerks.]
People yet have too little veneration for their ancestors, and
too little love for their country, or it would have been done
long ago. The Massachusetts Historical Society, at Boston
merit unbounded gratithde, for the care with which they have
preserved rare historical books and valuable manuscripts. [And
the local historian of Essex County has cause for gratitude to
the Essex Institute, at Salem, for their exertions in rescuing
many things of interest and importance that were fast sweeping
down the tide to oblivion.]
I have given the names of more than three hundred of the
early settlers, with short sketches of the lives of many. [And
to these, in the present edition, a large number have been
added.] I have also collected the names of many Indians and

GENEEAL EEMAEKS. 13
their sagamores, the fragments of whose history have become
so interesting. This is the first attempt, in any town, to collect
the names all the early settlers, with those of the Indians who
were contemporary with them. I trust that no person who is
an inhabitant of Lynn, or interested in the details of antiquity,
will think that I have been too particular. A proper attention
to dates and minuteness of circumstance, constitutes the charm
of history. And the actions and manners of men can never
cease to be interesting.
[These initiatory remarks of Mr. Lewis have been considered
by some as giving altogether "too deep a coloring to the igno-'
ranee that prevailed regarding our fathers, before he undertook
his work, and as unduly magnifying his own labors. But it is
eminently true that the public in general were very deficient
in anything like exact knowledge of our history. And it is
astonishing how much of that ignorance still exists. Multitudes
who profess great interest in the study of the past, rest satis
fied with knowledge in a most crude and loose form, and find
themselves quite incompetent to impart anything like accurate
information to the inquirer. The local historian is perhaps
most constantly baffled in pursuing family connections ; for ,it
is not uncommon to find respectable people who do not know
the names- of their grandfathers. This will scarcely be believed;
but any one may relieve himself of doubt by experimenting
among his neighbors. Those who have had experience like
that of Mr. Lewis can well comprehend the moving cause of^
his expressions. And any of us would be better employed in
studying than in criticising his pages. There are, even in this
introductory chapter, exquisitely beautiful passages enough to
impart grace to an entire volume.]
There is something so natural in inquiring into the history
of those who have lived before us, and particularly of those
with whom we have any connection, either by the 'ties of rela
tion or place, that it is surprising any one should be found by
whom the subject is regarded with indifference. In a govern
ment like ours, where every man is required to take part in the
management of public affairs, an acquaintance with the past is
indispensable to an intelligent discharge of his duties.- The
knowledge of history was considered so important by the Mon-
B

14 HISTOET OP LYNN.
arch Baird of Israel, that he comnienced a song of praise for its
enjoyment. And the relation in which we are placed cannot
render it less important and interesting to us. To trace the
settlement and progress of onr native town — to read the his^
tory of the play-place of oiir early hours, and which, has been
the scene of our maturer joys — to follow the steps of our
fathers through the course of centuries, and mark the gradation
of improvement — to learn who and what they were from whom'
we are descended — and still further, to be informed of the
people who were here before them, and who are now vanished
like a dream of childhood — and all these in their connection
with the history of the world and of man — must certainly be
objects of peculiar interest to every inquisitive, mind. And
though, in the pursuit of these objects, we meet with much that
calls forth the tear of sympathy and the expression of regret.
We yet derive a high degree of pleasure from being enabled to
sit with our fathers in the shade of the oaks and pines of " olden
time," and hear them relate the stories of days which have gone
by. One of the most useful faculties of the mind is the mem
ory; and history enables us to treasure up the memories of
those who have lived before us. What would not any curious
mind give to have a complete knowledge of the Indian race ?
And what a painful want should we suffer, were the history of
our fathers a blank, and we could know no more of them than
of the aborigines? Our existence might indeed be regarded as
incomplete, if we could not command the record of past time,
as well as enjoy the present, and hope for the happiness of the
future. Reality must ever possess a stronger power over the
minds of reasonable and reflecting men, than imagination ; and
though fiction frequently asserts, and sometimes acquires the
ascendancy, it is generally when she appears dressed in the
habiliments of probability and historical truth.
Among the pleasures of the mind, there are few which afford
more unalloyed gratification than that which arises from the
remembrance of the loved and familiar objects of home com
bined with the memory of the innocent delights of our child
hood. This is one of the few pleasures of which the heart
cannot be deprived — which the darkest shades of misfortune
serve to bring out into fuller relief — and which the uninter-

GENEEAL EEMAEKS. 15
rupted passage of the current of time ten,ds only to polish and
to brighten. When wearied with the tumult of the world, and
eick of the anxieties and sorrows of life, the thouights may
return with delight to the pleasures of childhood, and banquet
unsated on the recollections of youth. Who does not remem
ber tbe companions of his early years — and the mother who
watched over his dangers, — and the father who counselled
him — and the teacher who instructed him — and the sister
whose sweet voice repr.oved his wildness ? Who does not re
member the tree under which he played — and the house in
which he lived — and even the moonbeam that slept upon his
bed ? Who has not returned, in sunlight and in sleep, to the
scenes of his earliest and purest joys ; and to the green and
humble mounds where hia sorrows have gone, forth over the
loved and the lost who were dear to his soul ? And who does
not love to indulge these remembrances, though they bring
swelling tides to his heart and tears to his eyes ? And whose
ideas are so limited that he does not extend his Ijhoughts to the
days . and the dwellings of his ancestors ; until he seems to
become a portion of the mountain and the stream, and to pro-
lopg his existence through the centuries which are past ? 0,
the love of home I it waa implanted in the breast of man as a
germ of hope, that should grow up into a fragrant flower, to
win his heart from the ambitions and the vanities of his life,
and woo him back to the innocent delights of his morning
hours. Sweet Spirit of Home ! thou guardian angel of the
good ; thou earliest, kindest, latest, friend of man ! how nume
rous are thy votaries, how many are the hearts that bow before
thy sway I What tears of sorrow hast thou dried ; what tears
of recollection, of anticipation, of enjoyment, hast thou caused
to flow ? To all bosoms thou art grateful ; to all climes conge
nial. No heart that is innocent but has a temple for thee ; no
mind, however depraved, but acknowledges the power which
presides over thy shrine !
The advancement of the American colonies has been unpar
alleled in the annals of the world. Two hundred years have
scarcely circled their luminous flight over this now cultivated
region, since the most populous towns, of New England were a
wilderness. No sound was heard in the morning but the voice

16 mSTOEY OP LTNN.
of the Indian, and the notes of the wild birds, as they woke
their early hymn to their Creator ; and at evening, no praise
went up to heaven, but the desolate howl of the wolf;^ and the
sweet but mournful song of the whip-poor-will. The wild powah
of the savage sometimes broke into the silence of nature, like
the wailing for the dead ; but the prayer of the Christian was
never heard to ascend from the melancholy waste. The moun
tains that lifted their sunny tops above the clouds, and the
rivers, which for thousands of miles rolled their murmuring
waters through the deserts, were unbeheld by an eye which
could perceive the true majesty of God, or a heart that could
frame language to his praise. At length the emigrants from
England arrived, and the western shore of the Atlantic began
to hear the more cheerful voices of civilization and refinement.
Pleasant villages were,seen in the midst of the wide wilderness ;
and houses for the worship of God, and schools for the instruc
tion of children arose, where the wild beast had his lair, ^he
men of thos.e days were compelled to endurie privations, and to
overcome difficulties, which exist to us only on the page of his
tory. In passing through the forest, if they turned from the
bear, it was to meet the wolf; and if they fled from the wolf, it
was to encounter the deadly spring of the insidious catamount.
At some periods, the planter could not travel from one settle
ment to another, without the dread of being shot by the silent
arrow of the unseen Indian ; nor could hi? children pursue their
sports in the shady woods, or gather, berries in the green pas
tures, without danger of treading on the coiled rattlesnake or
being carried away by the remorseless enemy. The little ham
lets, and the lonely dwellings, which rose, at long intervals, over
the plains and among the forests, were frequently alarmed by
the howl of the wolf and the yell of the savage ; and often were
their thresholds drenched in the blood of the beautiful and the
innocent. The dangers of those days have passed away, with
the men who sustained them, and we enjoy the fruit of their
industry. and peril. They have toiled, and fought, and bled for
our repose. Scarcely a spot of New England can be found
which has not been fertilized by the sweat or the blood of our
ancestors. How greatful should we be to that good Being who
has bestowed on us the reward of their enterprise !

GENEEAL EEMAEKS. '17
Historians and poets have written much in commendation of
the fathers of Now England ; but what shall be said in praise
of those brave, noble, and virtuous women, the mothers of New
England, who left their homes, and friends, and every thing
that was naturally dear to them, in a country where every lux
ury was at command, to brave the perils of a voyage of three
thousand miles over a stormy ocean, and the privations of an
approaching winter, in a country inhabited by savages and wild
beasts ? If we are under obligation to our fathers, for their
exertions, we are also indebted to our mothers for their virtues.
The day on which the May Flower landed her passengers on
the Rock of Plymouth, was a fatal one for the aborigines of
America. From that day, the towns of New England began to
spring up among their wigwams, and along their hunting-
grounds; and though sickness, and want, and the tomahawk,
made frequent and fearful incursions on the little bands of the
planters, yet their numbers continued to increase, till they have
become a great and powerful community. It is indeed a pleas
ing and interesting employment, to trace the progress of the
primitive colonies — for each town was in itself a little colony,
a miniature republic, and the history of one is almost the his
tory of all — to behold them contending with the storms and
inclemencies of an unfriendly climate, and with the repeated
depredations of a hostile and uncivilized people, till we find
them emerging into a state of political prosperity, unsurpassed
by any nation upon earth. But it is painful to reflect, that in
the accomplishment of this great purpose, the nations of the
wilderness, who constituted a separate race, have been nearly
destroyed. At more than one period, the white people seem to
have been in danger of extermination by the warlike and exas
perated Indians ; but in a few y*ears, the independent Sassacus,
and the noble Miantonimo, and the princely Pometacora, saw
their once poputous and powerful nations gradually wasting
away and disappearing. In vain did they sharpen their toma
hawks, and point their arrows anew for the breasts of the white
men. In vain did the valiant Wampanoag despatch his trusty
warriors two hundred miles across the forest, to invite the Ta-
ratines to lend their aid in exterminating the English. The
days of their prosperity had passed awaiy. The time had come
B* 2

18 HISTOEY OP LTNN.
when a great people were to be driven from the place of their
nativity — when the long line of sachems, who had ruled over
the wilderness for unknown ages, was to be broken, and their
fires extinguished. Darkness, like that which precedes the
]igh*t of morning, fell over them; and the sunrise of refinement
has dawned upon another people. The pestilence had destroyed
thousands of the bravest of their warriors, and left the remain
der feeble and disheartened. Feuds and dissensions prevailed
among the tribes ; and though they made frequent depredations
upon the defenseless settlements, and burnt many dwellings,
and destroyed many lives, yet the immigrants soon became the
ascendants in number and in power; and the feeble remnant
of the red men, wearied and exhausted by unsuccessful conflicts,
relinquished the long possession of thei^ native soil, and retired
into the pathless forests of the west.
Much has been written to free the white people from the
charge of aggression, and much to extenuate the implacability
of the Indians. We should be cautious in censuring the con
duct of men through whose energies we have received many
of our dearest privileges. And they who condemn the first
settlers of New England as destitute of all true principle, err
as much as they who laud their -conduct with indiscriminate
applause. Passionate opinion and violent action were the gen
eral faults of their time. And when they saw that one principle
was overstrained in its effect, they scarcely thought themselves
safe until they had vacillated to the opposite extreme. Regard
ing themselves, like the Israelites, as a peculiar people, they
imagined that they had a right to destroy the red men as hea.
then. The arms which at first they took up with the idea that
they were requisite for self-defense, were soon employed in a
war of extermination. And the generous mind is grieved to
think, that instead of endeavoring to conciliate the Indians by
kindness, they should have deemed it expedient to determine
their destruction.
The Indians had undoubtedly good cause to be jealous of the
arrival of another people, and in some instances to consider
themselves injured by their encroachments. Their tribes had
inhabited the wilderness for ages, and the country was their
home. Here were the scenes of their youthful sports, and here

GENEEAL EEMAEKS. 19
were the- graves of their fathers. Here they had lived and
loved, here they had warred and sung, and grown old with the
hills and rocks. Here they had pursued the deer — not those
"formed of clouds," like the poetical creations of Ossian — but
the red, beautiful, fleet-footed creatures of the wilderness. Over
the glad waters that encircle Nahant, they had bounded in their
birch canoes; and in the streams and along the sandy shore,
they had spread their nets to gather the treasures of the deep.
Their daughters did not adjust their locks before pierglasses,
nor copy beautiful stanzas into gilt albums ; but they saw their
graceful forms reflected in the clear waters', and their poetry
was written in living characters on the green hills, and the sil
ver beach, and the black rocks of Nahant. Their brave sachems
wore not the glittering epaulets of modern warfare, nor did
the eagle banner of white men wave in their ranks ; but the
untamed eagle of the woods soared over their heads, and be
neath their feet was the soil of freemen, which had never been
sullied by the foot of a slave.
The red men were indeed cruel and implacable in their re
venge ; and if history be true, so have white men been in all
ages. I know of no cruelty practised by Indians, which white
men, have not even exceeded in their refinements of torture.
The delineation of Indian barbarities presents awful pictures
of blood ; but it should be remembered that those cruelties were
committed at a time when the murder of six or eight hundred
of the red people, sleeping, around their own fires, in the silent
repose of night, was deemed a meritorious service. In resist
ing to the last, they fought for their country, for freedom, for
life — they contended for the safety and happiness of their
wives and' children ; for all that brave and high-minded men can
hold dear. But they were subdued ; and the few who were not
either killed or made prisoners, sought refuge in the darker
recesses of their native woods. The ocean, in whicli they had
so often bathed, and the streams which had yielded their boun
tiful supphes of fish, were abandoned in silent grief; and the
free and fearless Indian, who once wandered in all the pride
of unsubdued nature, over our fields and among our forests, ,
was driven from his home, and compelled to look with regret to
the shores of the sea, and the pleasant abodes of his youth.

20 HISTOET OP LTNN.
A few, indeed, continued for some years to linger around the
shores of their ancient habitations; but they were like the
spirits whom the Bard of Morven has described, " sighing in
the wind around the dweUings of their former greatness."
They are gone. And over the greater part of New England
the voice of the Indian is heard no more. We listen in silent
regret to the last faint echo of their reluctant steps in their
sorrowful journey over the prairies of the west. We see their
long and faint shadows cast by the setting sun, as they thread
the defiles of the Rocky Mountains in their despairing march
toward the far-off Pacific. A few years, and they may have
plunged into that ocean from which there is no return, and the
dweller of a future age may wonder what manner of men they
were of That they were originally a noble race, is shown by
the grandeur of their language, and by their mellifluous and
highly poetical names of places — the yet proud appellations
of many of our mountains, lakes, and rivers. It would have
been gratifying to the lover of nature, if all the Indian names of
places had been preserved, for they all had a meaning, applicable
to scenery or event. " Change not barbarous names," said the
Persian sage, " for they are given of God, and have inexpressi
ble efficacy." The names of Saugus, Swampscot, and Nahant
remain; and may they continue to remain, the imperishable
memorials of a rac'e which has long since passed away.
[The thought here expressed, in relation to the language of
the Indians, is one that seems to have delighted other writers
as well as Mr. Lewis. But is it not rather fanciful than deep^
considering that words themselves are arbitrary and valueless
excepting in their external relations ? Any people with know
ledge as limited as that of the Indians would necessarily use a
simple language and one that would be most directly illustrated
by familiar objects and events. The language of the red men
abounded in illustrations from nature, and hence to the lover
of nature possessed many charms, suggesting, it may be to
the mind of the cultivated hearer poetical ideas, when none
existed in the mind of him who used it. Our more extended
knowledge supplies a language of greater scope, one that con
tains all the simplicity and poetry of theirs with the additions that
flow from science, art, history, and numerous ofher sources not

GENEEAL EEMAEKS. 21
open to them, and hence maj^ not be suggestive of poetical
ideas alone, but ideas in all other shapes recognized by the
cultivated mind. How much has been heard -of the picturesque
manner in which the Indians were accustomed to indicate mul
titudes, by comparing them to the stars of heaven, the sands on
the shore, the leaves on the trees, and so forth. But in these
comparisons there was to them no poetical idea involved. Be
ing ignorant of arithmetic, actually unable to count, they were
compelled to resort to some such mode of expression, where
the white man would have expressed himself in exact terms.
Again, for example, the Indians called a certain island in Boston
harbor, The Twins, but the white people called it Spectacle
Island. In one case the name was drawn from a semblance in
nature ; in the other, from a semblance in art. Both are apt
enough, and about equally poetical. Yet the Indian name has
been lauded as expressive and pictures'^que far above the other.]
In contemplating the destruction of a great people, the reflect
ing mind is naturally disposed to inquire into the causes of their
decay, in order to educe motives for a better conduct, that their
wrongs may be in some degree repaired, and a similar fate
avoided. If dissension weakened the power of the tribes of the
forest, why should it not impair the energies of our free states ?
If the red men have fallen through the neglect of ,moral and
religious improvement, to make way for a more refined state
of society, and the emanations of a purer worship, how great is
the reason to fear that we also may be suffered to wander in
our own ways, because we will not know the ways of God, and
to fall into doubt, disunion, and strife, till our country shall be
given to other's, as it has been given to us. He who took the
sceptre from the most illustrious and powerful of ancient na
tions, and caused the tide of their prosperity and refinement to
flow back and stagnate in the pools of ignorance, obscurity, and
servitude, possesses ample means to humble the pride of any
nation, when it shall cease to be guided by his counsels. Al
ready have evils of the most alarming consequences passed far
on their march of desolation. Already has the spirit of Discord,
with his dark shadow, dimmed the brightness of our great coun
cil fire ! Already has the fondness for strong drink seized on
thousands of our people, bringing the young to untimely graves,

22 HISTOET OP LTNN.
sapping the foundations of hdlilth and moral excellence, and
pulling down the glory of our country. Already has a disregard
for the Sabbath and for divine institutions, begun openly to
manifest itself; the concomitant of infidelity, and the harbinger
of spiritual ruin. If we may trust the appearances in our west
ern regions, our land was once inhabited by civilized men, who
must have disappeared long before the arrival of our fathers.
May Heaven avert their destiny from us, to evince to the world
how virtuous a people may be, on whom the blessing of civil
liberty has fallen as an inheritance.
The political system of our nation is probably the' best which
was ever devised by man for the common good ; but it practi
cally embraces one evil too obvious to be disregarded. While
it advances the principle ttiat all men have by nature the same
civil rights, it retains, with strange inconsistency, one sixth
bf the whole population in a state of abject bodily and mental
servitude. On its own principles, our governmentTias no right
to enslave any portion of its subjects ; and I am constrained, in
the name of God and truth to say, that they must be free.
Christia.nity and political expediency both demand their eman
cipation, nor will they always remain unheard. Many generous
minds are already convinced of the importance of attention to
this subject ; and many more might speak in its behalf, in places
where they could not be disregarded. Where are the ministers
Of our holy religion, that their prayers are not preferred for the
liberation and enlightenment of men with souls as immortal as
their own ? Where are the senators and representatives of our
free states, that their voices are not heard in behalf of that
most injured race? Let all who have talents, and power and
influence, exert them to free the slaves from their wrongs, and
raise them to the rank and privileges of men. That the colored
people possess mental powers capable of extensive cultivation,
has been sufficiently evinced in the instances of Gustavus Vasa
Ignatius Sancho, Lislet, Capitein, Fuller, PhiUis Wheatley, and
many others. [And the reader will not fail to recognize many
note-worthy examples presented through the agency of the
American rebellion ; examples in which individuals of that op
pressed race have exhibited rare judgment, skill, and valor in
the field ; a clear perception of the principles and responsibilities

GENEEAL EEMAEKS. 23
pf liberty; true generosity of character; ardent longing for
culture and advancement.] And the period may arrive when
the lights of freedom and science shall shine much more exten
sively on these dark children of bondage — when the knowledge
of the true faith shall awaken the nobler principles of their
minds, kad. its practice place them in moral excellence far above
those who are now trampling them in the dust. How will the
spirit of regret then sadden over the brightness of our country's
fame, when, the muse of ^gtory shall lead their pens to trace'
the annals of their ancestors, and the inspiration of Poetry
instruct their youthful bards to sing the oppression of their
fathers in the land of Freedom !
I trust the time will come, when on the annals of our country
shall be inscribed the abolition of Slavery — when the inhuman
custom of war shall be viewed with abhorrence — when human
ity shall no longer be outraged by the exhibition of capital
punishments — when the one great principle of love shall per
vade all classes — when the poor shall be furnished with em
ployment and ample remuneration — when men shall unite their
exertions for the promotion of .those plans which embrace the
welfare^ of the whole — that the unqualified approbation of
Heaven may be secured to our country, and " that glory may
dwell in our land."
[But the unqualified approbation of Heaven can rest only
where things are done according to the will of Heaven. And
when will the inhabitants of earth attain to perfect obedience ?
Had Mr. Lewis lived but a few months longer; he would have
been startled from his hopeful dreams by the thunders of a war
more to be deplored, in some respects, than any which ever
before shook the world — the war of the great American Rebel
lion. He would have beheld enlightened myriads, hosts of
professing Christians, going forth heroically to battle for the
perpetuation of slaveey, and offering up to the God of peace
thanksgivings for their bloody achievements. And would he
have seen their evil machinations met in that spirit of universal
LOVE, so delightful to him to contemplate? Alas, no. He
would have seen here in Lynn, on the open Common, and on
the Lord's day, vicegerents of the Prince of peace, whose
church doors had been closed that they might appear before the

24 HISTOET OP LTNN.
multitude to lift up their voices for wae — war, as a necessity, to,
shield against evils still more terrible. Blessed were his eyes
in that they were closed by death without beholding those
scenes which would at once have swept away all his bright anti.
cipations, and left him despairing that the time would ever
arrive when the heart of man would become so sanctified that
the temporal and selfish would not assert their overwhelming
power — those scenes which would with force irresistible have
taught that earth was not the place to search for heaven's
beatitude.] In delineating the annals of a single town, it can scarcely be
expected that so good an opportunity will be afforded for vari
ety of description and diffusiveness of remark, as in a work of a
more general nature. It is also proper to observe that this
compilation was begun without any view to publication ; but
simply to gratify that natural curiosity which must arise in the
mind of every one who extends his thoughts beyond the per
sons and incidents which immediately surround him. I may,
however, be permitted to hope, that an attempt to delineate
with accuracy the principal events which have transpired within
my native town, for the space of two hundred years, will be
interesting to many, though presented without any endeavor to
adoi;n them with the graces of artificial ornament. My endeavor
has been to ascertain facts, and to state them correctly. I have
preferred the form of annals for a local history ; for thus every
thing is found in its time and place. The labor and expense
of making so small a book has been immense, and can never be
appreciated by the reader, nntil he shall undertake to write a
faithful history of one of our early towns, after its records have
been lost. I could have written many volumes of romance or
of general history, while preparing this volume ; and I have
endeavored to make it so complete, as to leave little for those
who come after me, except to continue the work.
[Since Mr. Lewis closed his labors, however, antiquarian
research has opened many sources of information. It would be *
singular indeed if an enterprising and important community like
that of Lynn, should, during her history of more than two hun-
dred years, furnish nothing worthy of note beyond what might
be recorded in an octavo volume of three hundred pages. The

EAELY VOTAGES AND DISCOVEEIES. 25
present edition Will show something of the multitude of inter
esting matters that escaped his careful eye. And it is not to
be doubted that many valuable documents of the olden time yet
remain in ancient garrets, permeated by herby odors, and per
haps at present used by motherly mice as bedding for their
young, which may somewhere in the future come to light to
the great joy of the student of the past.]
It should be remembered that previous to the change of the
style, in 1752, the year began in March ; consequently February
was the twelfth month. Ten days also are to be added to the
date in the sixteenth century, and eleven in the seventeenth, to
bring the dates to the present style. Thus, " 12 mo. 25, 1629,','
instead of being Christmas-day, as some might suppose, would
be March Sth, 1630. In the following pages, I have corrected
the years and months, but have left the days undisturbed.
EAELT VOTAGES AND DISCOVEEIES.
It would be extremely gratifying, if we could roll back the
veil of oblivion which shrouds the early history of the American
continent, and through the sunlight which must once have
illumined those regions of now impenetrable darkness, behold
the scenery, and trace the events, which occupied that long
space of silence or activity. Has one half of this great globe
slumbered in unprofitable and inglorious repose since the morn
ing of the creation, serving no other purpose than to balance
the opposite portion in its revolutions through unvarying ages ?
Or has it been peopled by innumerable nations, enjoying all the
vicissitudes of animal and intellectual life ? [We have the high
authority of Agassiz for claiming that the American continent is
the oldest of the great divisions of the globe, and that it existed,
under its present formation, while Europe was but an extensive
group of scattered islands. Ever since the coal period America
has been above water.]
The most strenuous advocates of the priority of the claim of
Columbus to the discovery of America, admit that he found
people here — and we can look back with certainty to no period,
however remote, in which we do not find the continent inhab
ited. How came those people here ? Were they the descend
ants of a eis- Atlantic Adam,? Or did they find their way, by
C

26 HISTOET OP LTNN.
accident or design, from the eastern continent? If the latter
supposition be the more probable, then a corresponding accident
or design might have returned some of those daring adventur
ers to their homes, and thus a knowledge have been conveyed
of the existence of another continent. Nor are the difficulties
of a passage, either from Europe or Asia, so great as may at
first be supposed. The continent of Asia approaches within
fifty miles of the northwest coast of America ; [or, as some nav-
. igators say, within thirty-five miles, either continent being at
times plainly in sight from the other ;] and ships which traded
from Iceland to the Levant, might easily have sailed from
Greenland along the shore of New England. People were
much more venturous in early days than we are. generaUy wil
ling to allow. And canoes might have passed across the ocean
from Japan, and even by the isles of the Pacific — as it is evi
dent they must have done, to people those islands. When
Captain Blighe was cast adrift by' Christian, he passed twelve
hundred miles in an open boat with safety. Why might not
such an event have happened three thousand years ago as well
as yesterday ?
The Scandinavian manuscripts inform us that in the year
986, Eric the Red, an Icelandic prince, emigrated to Greenland.
In his company was Bardson, whose son Biarne was then on a
voyage to Norway. On his return, going in search of his father,
he was driven far to sea, and discovered an unknown country.
In the year 1000, Leif, a son of Eric, pursued the discovery of
the new country, and sailed along the coast as far as Rhode
Island, where he made a settlement; and because he found
grapes there, he called it Vineland. In 1002, Thorwald, his
brother, went to Vineland, where he remained two years.
It is very reasonable to suppose that these voyagers, in sail
ing along the coast, discovered Lynn, and it is e-^en probable
that they landed at Nahant. In 1004, we are informed that
Thorwald, leaving Vineland, or Rhode Island, " sailed eastward
ij,nd then northward, past a remarkable headland, enclosing a
bay, and which was opposite to another headland. They called
it Kialarnes, or Keel-cape," from its resemblance to the keel of a
ship. There is no doubt that this was Cape Cod. And as they
had no map, and could not see Cape Ann, it is probable that the

EAELT VOTAGES AND DISCOVEEIES. 27
other headland was the Gurnet. "From thence, they sailed
along the eastern coast of the land to a promontory which there
projected — probably Nahant — and which was everywhere cov
ered with wood. Here Thorwald went ashore, with all his
companions. He was so pleased with the place, that he ex
claimed — ' Here it is beautiful ! and here I should like to fix
my dwelling ! ' Afterwards, when they were prepared to go on
board, they observed on the sandy beach, within the promon
tory, throve hillocks. They repaired thither, and found three
canoes, and under each three Skrellings, (Indians.) They came
to blows with them, and killed eight of them, but the ninth
escaped in his canoe. Afterward a countless multitude of them
came out from the interior of the bay against them. They
endeavored to protect themselves by raising battle-screens on
the ship's side. The Skrellings continued shooting at them for
a whUe and then retired. Thorwald had been wounded by an
arrow under the arm. When he found that the wound was
mortal, he said, ' I i^ow advise you io prepare for your depar
ture as soon as possible ; but me ye shall bring to the promon
tory where I thought it good to dwell. It may be that it was
a prophetic word which fell from my mouth, about my abiding
there for a season. There ye shall bury me ; and plant a cross
at my head and also at my feet, and call the place Krossanes — ,
[the Cape of the Cross] — in all time coming.' He died, and
they did as he had ordered ; afterward they returned." (Anti-
quitates Americanae, xxx.)
The question has arisen whether Krossanes, was Nahant or
Gurnet Point. There is nothing remarkable about the latter
place, and though so long a time has passed, no person has
thought it desirable to dwell there, but it is used as a sheep
pasture. It is far otherwise with Nahant, which answers to the
description well. An early writer says that it was " well
wooded with oaks, pines, and cedars ; " and it has a " sandy
beach within the promontory." Thousands also, on visiting it,
have borne witness to the appropriateness of Thorwald's excla
mation — " Here it is beautiful I and here I should like to fix
my dwelling ! "
If the authenticity of the Scandinavian manuscripts be admit
ted, the Northmen, as the people of Norway, Denmark, and

28 HISTOET OP LYNN.
Sweden are called, visited this country repeatedly, in the elev
enth and twelfth centuries ; but if they made any settlements,
they were probably destroyed • in some of the numerous wars
of the aborigines. The Welch Triads and Chronicles, those
treasures of historic and bardic lore, inform us, that in 1170,
Madoc, Prince of Wales, on the tyrannous usurpation of his
brother David, came to America with a party of his followers,
and settled a colony. I see no reason to doubt this record —
but if there were no descendants of Welchmen in America then,
there are plenty now. [In the language of several of the ancient
tribes, Welch words were distinctly recognized. It has hence
been supposed the colonists, by intermarriage, became merged
in the tribes around them.]
Alonzo Sanchez, of Huelva, in Spain, in a small vessel with
seventeen men, as we are informed by De la Vega, was diiven
on the American coast in 1487. He returned with only five
men, and died at the house of Columbus,
In 1492, the immortal Columbus made his first voyage to
South America, but he did not come to North America until
1498. [Mr. Lewis makes a slight trip here. Columbus, on his
first voyage, discovered land 11 October, 1492. And that land
was one of the Bahama islands, which he named St. Salvador.
On the 28th of the same month he discovered Cuba. Can these
islands be called in South America ?]
In 1497, Sebastian Cabot, a bold and enterprising English
man visited the coast of North America, and took possession
of it in the name of his king, Henry VII.
In 1602, Bartholomew Gosnold visited our shores. He dis
covered land -on Frida,y, 14 May, at six o'clock in the morning,
according to Purchas's Pilgrim, vol. 4, p. 1647. Sailing along
by the shore, at noon, he anchored near a place which he called
Savage Rock, and which many have supposed to have been
Nahant. (Bancroft's U. S., vol. 1, p. 112.) A sail-boat went off to
them, containing eight Indians, dressed in deer-skins, excepting
their chief, who wore a complete suit of English clothes which
he had obtained by trading at the eastward. The Indians
treated them kindly, and desired their longer stay; but the
left, about three in the afternoon, (Mass. Hist. Coll, vol, 27 1
and sailing southerly, "sixteen leagues," the next morning

EAELT VOTAGES AND DISCOVEEIES. 29
they found themselves just within Cape Cod. Archer's account
of the voyage says, "The Coast we left was full of goodly
Woods, faire Plaines, with little green, round Hils above the
Cliffs appearing unto vs, which are indifferently raised, but all
Rockie, and of shining stones, which might have perswaded vs
a longer stay there," This answers well to the appearances at
Nahant; but some have supposed Savage Rock to be some
where on the coast of Maine. There is, however, no spot on
that coast which answers exactly to the description ; and Judge
Williamson, the historian of Maine, says, "we have doubts
whether Gosnold ever saw any land of ours. (Hist. Maine,
vol. 1, p. 185.) [It seems now quite certain that Gosnold an
chored at a point not farther east than Cape Ann nor farther
west than Nahant.]
In 1603, Martin Pring came over with tWo -vjessels, the Speed
well and the Discoverer, to obtain medicinal plants. He says,
" Coming to the Maine, in latitude 43 degrees, we ranged the
same to the southwest. Meeting with no sassafras, we left
those places, with all the aforesaid islands,'"shaping our course
for Savage Rocke, discovered the yeare before .by Captain
Gosnold ; where, going upon the Mayne, we found people, with
whom we had no long conversation, because we could find ho
sassafras. Departing thence, we bear into that great gulf,
(Cape Cod Bay,) which Captain' Gosnold overshot the yeare
before, coasting and finding people on the north side .thereof;
yet not satisfied with our expectation, we left them and sailed
over, and came to anchor on the south side," (Purchas, vol, 4,
p, 1654.) Other voyagers, doubtless, visited our coast, but as
places were unnamed, and the language of the natives unknown,
little information can be gained from their descriptions, [And
it is astonishing what absurdities some of the superstitious old
voyagers were accustomed to relate. Even the comparatively
late voyager John Josselyn, in his account of an expedition
hither, gravely asserts that he discovered icebergs on which he
saw foxes and devils. Had he reflected a moment, he must
have concluded that the devils, at least, would not have chosen
such a place for their sports. If he saw any living beings they
were probably seals. But devils, at that period, were under
stood to perform very wonderful exploits, and to have a direct
C*

30 HISTOET OP LTNN.
hand in all sorts of mischief that could harm and tease men.
Modern culture has relieved the brimstone gentry of most
of their importance arising from visible interference in human
affairs. But yet, unnatural events enough are daily transpiring
to induce the apprehension that they may be still, though cov-
ertly, pursuing their mischievous enterprises.]
NAHANT — GEANT TO CAPTAIN G0EGE3.
The next white man who appears at Nahant, [if we consider
it established that the peninsula was visited by Europeans before
1614,] was that dauntless hero and enterprising statesman Capt,
John Smith. Having established the colony of Virginia, he
came north, in 1614, made a survey of the whole coast, and
published a map. In his description of the islands of Massachu
setts Bay, proceeding westward from Naumkeag, now Salem,
he says, " The next I can remember by name are the Matta
hunts, two pleasant Isles of Groves, Gardens and Cornfields, a
league in the sea from the Maine, The Isles of Mattahunts are
on the west side of this bay, where are many Isles, and some
Rocks, that appear a great height above the water, like the
Pieramides of Egypt." It is evident that by the Mattahunts he
meant the Nahants, the pronunciation of which, perhaps, he
imperfectly "remembered." His delineation of these islands on
the map, though very small, is very correct; and he named
them the " Fullerton Islands," probably from the name of the
surveyor, or some other friend. He appears to have examined
the islands and shores attentively. He says, " The coast of
Massachusetts is so indifferently mix:ed with high clay or sandy
cliffs in one place, and the tracts of large, long ledges of divers
sorts, and quarries of stones in other places, so strangely divided
with tinctured veins of divers colours, as free stone for building,
slate for tyling, smooth stone for making Furnaces and Forges
for Glasse and Iron, and Iron ore sufficient conveniently to
melt in them . , , . who will undertake the rectifying of an
Iron Forge, in my opinion cannot lose." (Smith's N. E.) As
the beds of Iron in Saugus had not then been discovered he
probably mistook the hornblende ledge on the north of Nahant
for a mine of iron ore.
The Nahants appear to have been admired and coveted bv

NAHANT  GEANT TO OAfTAIN G0EGE3. 31
all who visited them. On the 20th of December, 1622, we find
them granted by the Council in England, to Captain Robert
Gorges. He came over in 1623, took possession of his lands,
and probably commenced a settlement at Winnisii»et, which was
also included in his grant. The following appears in the Massa
chusetts Archives :
The said Councill grant unto Robert Grorges, youngest son of Sir Fernando
Gorges, Knight, and his heures, all that part of the Maine land m New Eng
land, commonly called and known by the name of the Massachusetts, scytuate
and lyemg vpon the North East side of the Bay, called and known by the
name of the Massachusetts, or by whatever name or names whatsoever called,
with all coastes and shoares along the Sea for Ten English mUes in a sti-aight
line towards the North East, accoimting seventeen hundi-ed and sixty yards to
the mUe ; and 30 English mUes, after the same rate, into the Mayne Land,
through all the breadth aforesaid ; togeather with all Islands so lyeiog within
3 mUes of any part of the said land.
Robert Gorges dyes without issue ; the said lands descend to John Gorges,
his eldest brother. John Gorges by deed bearing date 20 January, 1628-9,
(4 Car. L) gi-ants to Su- 'WiUiam Brereton, of Handforth, in the County of
Chester, Baronet, ahd his heu'es, all the lande, in breadth, lyeuige from the
East side of Charles River to the Easterly parte of the Cape caUed Nahannte,
and aU the lands lyeinge in length 20 mUes northeast into the Maine land from
the mouth of 4he said Charles River, lyeinge also in length 20 mUes into the
Maine land from the said Cape Nahaonte : also two Islands lyeinge next unto
the shoare between Nahannte and Chai-les River, the bigger called Brereton,
and the lesser Susanna. [East Boston and BeUe Isle.]
Sir "WUUam Brereton dyes, leaving Thomas, his only son, afterward Sir
Thomas, and Susanna his daughter. Sir Thomas dyes without issue. Su
sanna marries Edward LenthaU, Esg, and dyes, leaving Maiy, her only daugh
ter and heke. Mary is married to Mr. Leavitt of the Inner Temple, who
claymes the said Lands in right of Mary his wife, who is heire to Sk William
Brereton and Sir Thomas Brereton.
Su- William Brereton sent over SeveraU familyes and Servants, who pos
sessed and Improved severaU Large tracts of the said Lands, and made Severail
Leases, as appeares by the said deedes. ¦
A portion of these lands was granted by Captain Gorge's to
John Oldham, including Nahant and part of Saugus, In a let
ter from the Council in England to Governor Endicott, dated
17 April, 1629, we find as follows: "Mr. Oldham's grant from
Mr. Gorges, is to him and John Dorrel, for all the lands within
Massachusetts Bay, between Charles River and Abousett River ;
Containing in length by streight lyne 5 Miles vp the Charles
River into the Maine Land, northeast from the border of said

32 HISTOEY OP Lrm.
Bay, including all Creekes and Points by the way, and 3 Myles
in Length from the Mouth' of the aforesaid River Abousett, vp
into the Maine, Land N. W. including all Creekes and Points,
and all the Lsgid in Breadth and Length between the foresaid
Rivers, with all prerogatives, royall Mynes excepted. (Haz
ard's Collections.) The writer of this letter, in reference to
the claim of Oldham, says, "I hold it void in law," and advises
Mr Endicott to take possession. Such possession was taken
of, the Nahants, as will be seen in proceeding ; and though the
heirs of Gorges afterward renewed their claim, the colony de
clined either to relinquish or pay ; because Gorges, after being
appointed to the government, had relinquished the possession
and returned to England. THE INDIANS.
Bepoee proceeding with the history of the Whites, it will be
interesting to learn something more respecting the Red Men.
The emigrants from England found the country inhabited by
a people who were called Indians, because when first discovered
the country was supposed to be a part of India, They were
divided into several great nations, each of which consisted of
many tribes, Lechford says, " They were governed by sachems,
kings and sagamores, petty lords ; " but Smith, who was here
'before him, calls them " sagamos ; " and as the Indians, in this
neighborhood at least, had no E in their language, he is probably
correct. The word sachem, pronounced sawlcum by the Indians
is a word meaning great strength, or power; and the word
sachemo, or sagamo, evidently has the same derivation. Their
plural was formed in uog; Sagamore Hill, therefore, is the
same as Sachemuog Hill, or the Hill of Kings.
There appear to have been as many as seveh nations in New
England, The ever-warring Taratines inhabited the eastern
part of Maine, beyond the Penobscot river; and their great
sachem was Nultonanit, From the Penobscot to the Piscata-
qua were the Chur-churs, formerly governed by a mighty chief
called a Bashaba. The Pawtuckets had a great dominion
reaching from the Piscataqua to the river Charles, and extend
ing north as far as Concord on the Merrimac, Their name is
preserved in Pawtucket Falls, at Lowell. They were governed

'¦ THB INDIANS. 33
by Nanapashemet, who sometime lived at Lynn, and, according
io Gookin, could raise three thousand warriors. The Mas
sachusetts, so named from the Blue Hills at Milton, were gov
erned by Chickataubut, who also commande'd three thousand
men. His dominion was bounded on the north and west by
Charles river, and on the south extended to Weymouth and
Canton. The Wampanoags occupied the southeastern ,part of
Massachusetts, from Cape Cod to Narraganset Bay. They were
ruled by Massasoit, whose chief residence was at Pokanoket,
now Bristol, in Rhode Island. He was a sachem of great
power, having dominion over thirty-two tribes, and could have
brought three thousand warriors into the field, by a word ; yet
he was a man of peace, and' a friend to the English, and during
all the provocations and disturbances of that early period, he
governed his nation in tranquillity for more than forty years,
leaving an example of wisdom to future ages. The Narragan-
sets, on the west of Narraganset Bay, in Rhode Island, num
bered five thousand warriors, and were governed by two
sachems, Canonicus and his nephew Miantonimo, who ruled
together in harmony. The Pequots occupied Connecticut, and
were governed by Sassacus, a name of terror, who commanded
four thousand fighting men, and whose residence was at New
London. Besides these, there were the Nipmucks in the interior
of Massachusetts, who had no great sachem, but united with
the other nations in their wars, according to their inclination.
The Pequots and the Taratines were ever at war with some
of the other nations, and were the Goths and Vandals of abo
riginal New England,
The Indians were very numerous, until they were reduced
by a great war, and by a devastating sickness. All the early
voyagers speak of " multitudes," and " countless multitudes."
Smith, who took his survey in 1614, passing along the shore in
a little boat, says, " The seacoast as you pass, shows you all
along, large corne fields, and great troupes of well proportioned
people ;" and adds that there were three thousand on the islands
in Boston harbor. Gookin has enumerated eighteen thousand
warriors in five nations, and if the remainder were as populous,
there must have, been twenty-five thousand fighting men, and
at least one hundred thousand people, in New England, [But
3

34 HISTOET OP LTNN.
could that be called a large population for such an extent of
territory ? a population equal to but half that of Boston at this
time. Nomadic and all unsettled branches of our race are
usually small in numbers. And the stories told by some of the
early comers, so magnifying the Indian populations, are no
more worthy of credit than the fanciful chapters of those mod
ern writers who laud their virtues to a degree hardly within
the range of mortal attainment. A page or two hence it is
stated that Sagamore James re'sided at Lynn. He was a ruler
of some note. And yet, as further evidence that there could
have been but a small Indian population hereabout, at that time,
it may be added that Rev. Mr, Higginson says that he command
ed " not above thirty or forty men,'for aught I can learn."] In
the spring of 1615, some provocation was given by the western
Indians to the Taratines, who, with a vindictive spirit, resolved
upon retaliation ; and they carried their revenge to an extent
scarcely paralleled in the dreadful history of human warfare.
They killed the great Bashaba of Penobscot, murdered his
women and children, and overran the whole country from Pe
nobscot to' the Blue Hills, Their death-word was " cram I
cram!" — kill! kill! — and so effectually did they "suit the
action to the word," and so many thousands on thousands did
they slaughter, that, as Gorges says, it was "horrible to be"
spoken of." In 1617, commenced a great sickness, which some
have supposed was the plague, others the- small pox or yellow
fever. This sickness made such dreadful devastation among
those whom the tomahawk had not reached, that when the Eng
lish arrived, the land was literally covered with human bones.
Still the vengeance of the Taratines was unsatiated, and we
find them hunting for the lives of the few sagamores who
remained. Nanapashemet, or the New Moon, was one of the greatest
sachems in New England, ruling over a larger extent of country
than any other. He swayed, at one time, all the tribes north
and east of the Charles river, to the river Piscataqua, The
Nipmucks acknowledged his dominion, as far as Pocontocook
.now Deerfield, on the Connecticut; and after his death thev
had no great sachem. (Smith, Gookin, Hubbard, See also
Samuel G. Drake's interesting Book of the Indians, wherein he

THE INDIANS, 35
has accumulated .a vast amount of facts respecting the Sons of
the Forest.) Nanapashemet, like the orb of night, whose name
he bore, had risen and shone in splendor. But his moon was
now full, and had begun to wane. He resided at Lynn until
the great war of the Taratines, in 1615. He then retreated
to a hill on the borders of Mistick river, where he built a
house, and fortified himself in the best manner possible. He
survived the desolating sickness of 1617 ; but the deadly ven
geance of the Taratiiies, which induced them to stop at nothing
short of his death, pursued him to his retreat, and there he was
killed by them in 1619. In September, 16^1, a party of the
Plymouth people, having made a visit to Obatiniia, sachem of
Boston, went up to Medford. Mr. Winalow says, " Having
gone three miles, we came to a place where corn had been
newly gathered, a, house pulled down, and the people gone.
A mile from hence, Nanapashemet, their king, in his lifetime
had lived. His house was not like others ; but a scaffold was
largely built, with poles and planks, some six foot from the
ground, and the house upon that, being situated upon the top
of a hill. Not far from hence, in a bottom, we came to a fort,
built by their deceased king — the manner thus: There were
poles, some thirty or forty feet long, stuck in the ground, as
thick as they could be set one by another, and with those they
enclosed a ring some forty or fifty feet over. A trench, breast
high, was digged on each side ; one way there was to get into
it with a bridge. In the midst of this palisade stood the frame
of a house, wherein, being dead, he lay buried. About a mile
from hence we came to such another, but seated On the top
of a hill. Here Nanapashemet was killed, none dwelling in it
since the time of his death." The care which the great Moon
Chief took to fortify himself, shows the fear which he felt for
his mortal enemy. With his death, the vengeance of the Tara
tines seems in some degree to have abated ; and his s^ns, re-
turning.to the shore, collected the .scattered remnants of their
tribes, over whom theyruled as sagamores on the arrival of our
fathers. The general government was continued by the saunks,
or queen of Nanapashemet, who was called Squaw Sachem.
She married Webbacowet, who was the great physician of her
nation. On the fourth of September, 1640, she sold Mistick

36 HISTOET OP LTNN.
Ponds and a large tract of land now included in Somerville, to
Jotham Gibbons, of Boston. On the eighth of March, 1644, she
submitted to the government of the whites, and consented to
have hor subjects instructed in the Bible. She, died in 1667,
being then old and blind. Nanapashemet had three sons —
Wonohaquaham, Montowampate, and Wenepoykin, all of whom
became sagamores ;'. and a daughter Yawata.
Wonohaquaham, -v^as sagamoi-e on Mistick river, including
Winnisimet. In 1627 he gave the whites liberty to settle- at
Charlestown, and on the records of that town he is called a
chief "of gentle and good disposition," He was called by
the English, John, and died in 1633, according to the best
authorities, Montowampate, sagamore of Lynn, was born in the year
1609, He lived on Sagamore Hill, near the northern end of
Long Beach. He had jurisdiction of Saugus, Naumkeag, and
Masabequash ; or Lynn, Salem, and Marblehead. He was called
by the white people, James. Mr, Dudley in his letter to the
Countess of Lincoln, says, " Vppon the river of Mistick is seated
Saggamore John, and vppon the river of Saugus Sagamore
James, both soe named from the English. The elder brother,
John, is a handsome young .... (one line wanting) ....
conversant with us, affecting English apparel and houses, and
speaking well of our God. His brother James is of a far worse
disposition, yet repaireth to us often," He married Wenuchus,
a daughter of Passaconaway, the great powah, or priest of the
nation, whose chief residence was at Penacook, now Concord,
on the Merrimac, This venerable, and in some respects won
derful man, died about the year 1673, when he was oue hundred
and twenty years of age. On his death bed, he called his friends
around, and told them that he was going to the land of spirits,
to see them no more. He said he had been opposed to the
English at their first coming, and sought to prevent their settle
ment ; but now he advised them to oppose the white . men no
more, or they would all be destroyed. The marriage of Monto
wampate took place in the year 1629,- when he was twenty
years of age ; and it gave him an opportunity to manifest his
high sense of the dignity which appertained to a sachem,-
Thomas Morton, who was in the country at the time, and wrote

THE INDIANS. 37
a work entitled the New English Canaan, furnishes us with the
following interesting particulars :
The sachem or sagamore of Sagus, made choice, when he came to man's
estate, of a lady of noble descent, daughter of Papasiquineo, the sachem or
sagamore of the tenitories near Memmaok river ; a man of the best note in
all those parts, and, as my cormttyman, Mr, 'Wood, declares, in his Prospect,
a great nigromancer. This lady, the young sachem, with the consent and
good lUdng ofher father, marries, and takes for his wife. Great enteitainment
hee and his received in those parts, at her father's hands, wheare they were
festedinthe best manner that mi^ht be expected, according to the custome.
of their nation, vrith reveling, and such other solemnities as is usual amongst
.Jhem. The solemnity berug ended, Papasiquineo caused a selected number
of his men to waite on his daughter home into those parts*that did properly
belong to her lord and husband ; where the attendants had entertainment by
the sachem of Sagus. and his countrymen. The solemnity being ended, the
attendants were gratified.
Not long after, the new married lady had a great desire to see her father
and her native country, from whence she came. Her lord was wUling to
pleasure her, and not deny her request, amongst them thought to be reason
able, commanded a select number of his own men to conduct his lady to her
father, where with great respect they brought her ; and having feasted there
awhUe, retumed to then- own coimtry againe, leaving the lady to continue
there at her ovrne pleasure, amongst her friends and old acquaintance, where
she passed away the time for awhUe, and in the end desired to returne to her
lord againe. Her father, the old Papasiquineo, having notice of her intent,
serit some of his men on ambassage to the young sachem, his sonne in law, to
let bim understand that his daughter was not willing to absent herself from
his company any longer; and therefore, as the messengers had in charge,
desired the. young lord to send a convoy for her ; hut he, standing upon
teannes of honor, and the maintaining of his reputation, returned to his father
in law this answer : " That when she departed from him, hee caused his men
to waite upon her to her father's territories as it did become him ; but now she
had an intent to returne, it did become her father to send her back with a
convoy of his owii people ; and that it stood not with his reputation to make
himself or his men so servUe as to fetch her againe."
The old sachem Papasiquineo, having this message returned, was im-aged
to think that his young son in law did not esteem bim at a higher rate than to
capitulate vnth Mm about the matter, and retumed him this sharp reply:
" That his daughter's blood and birth deserved more respect than to be shghted,
and therefore, if he would have her company, he were best to send or come
for her,"
The young sachem, not wUling to undervalue himself, and being a man of a
stout sphit, did not stick to say, " That he should either send her by his own
convoy, or keepe her ; for he was determined not to stoope so lowe."
So much these two sachems stood upon tearmes of reputation with each
other, the one would not send for her, lest it should be any dimmishing of
D

38 HISTOET OP LTNN.
honor on his part that should seeme to comply, that the lady, when I came
but of the counti-y, remamed stiU with her father ; which is a thmg woith the
notmg, that salvage people should seek to mainfaine then- reputation so much
as they doe.
A chief who could treat a lady so discourteously deserved to
lose her. Montowampate had not the felicity to read the Fairy
Queen, or he would have thought with Spenser :
" 'What vertue is so fitting for a Knight,
Or for a Ladie whom a knight should love,
As ciu1;esie,"
My lady readers will undoubtedly be anxious to know if the
separation was final. I am happy to inform them that it was
not ; as we find the Princess of Penacook enjoying the luxuries
of the shores and the sea breezes at Lynn, the next summer.
How they met without compromiting the dignity of the proud
sagamore, history does not inform us ; but probably, as ladies
are fertile in expedients, she met him half way. In 1631 she
was taken prisoner by the Taratines, as will hereafter be related,
Montowampate died in 1633. Wenuchus returned to her father;
and in 1686, we find mention made of her grand-daughter Pah-
pocksit. Other interesting incidents in the life of Montowam
pate will be found in the following pages,
Wenepoykin, erroneously called Winnepurkit, was the young
est son of Nanapashemet, His name was pronounced with an
accent and a lingering on the third syllable, We-ne-pawwe-kin,
He was born in 1616, and was a little boy, thirteen years of age,
when the white men came. The Rev. John Higginson of Salem
says : " To the best of my remembrance, when I came over with
my father, to this place, there was in these parts a widow wo
man, called Squaw Sachem, who had three sons; Sagamore
John kept at Mistick, Sagamore James at Saugus, and Sagamore
George here at Naumkeke. Whether he was actual sachem
here I cannot say, for he was then young, about my age, and I
think there was an elder man that was at least his guardian."
On the death of his brothers, in 1633, he became sagamore of
Lynn and Chelsea; and after the death of his mother in 1667
he was sachem of all that part of Massachusetts which is north
and east of Charles river. He was the proprietor of Deer
Island, which he sold to Boston. He was called Sagamore

THE INDIANS, 39
George, and George Rumney Marsh; [also Sagamore George
No-Nose.j Until the year 1738, the limits of Boston extended
to Saugus, including Chelsea, which was called Rumney Marsh,
Part of this great marsh is now in Chelsea and part in Saugus,
The Indians living on the borders of this marsh in Lynn and
Saugus, were sometimes called the Rumney Marsh Indians,
WcQepoykin was taken prisoner in the Wampanoag war, in
1676, and died in 1684. He married Ahawayet, daughter of
Poquanunl, who lived on Nahant. She presented him with one
son, Manatahqua, and three daughters, Petagunsk, W^ttaquat-
tinusk, and Petagoonaquah, who, if early historians are correct
in their descriptions, were as beautiful, almost, as the lovely
forms which have wandered on the rocks of Nahant in later
times. They were called Wanapanaquin, or the plumed ones.
This word is but another spelling of Wenepoykin, their father's
name, which signifies a wing, or a feather. I suppose they were
the belles of the forest, in their day, and wore finer plumes than
any of their tribe. Petagunsk was called Cicely. [In the In
dian deed of Lynn, she is described as " Cicily alias Su George,
the reputed daughter of old Sagamore George No-Nose."] She
had a son Tontoquon, called John. Wattaquattinusk, or the
Little Walnut, was called Sarah ; and Petagoonaquah was named
Susanna. Manatahqua had two sons, Nonupanohow, called Da
vid [Kunksbamooshaw] and Wuttanoh, which means a staff,
called Samuel. The family of Wenepoykin left Lynn about
the time of the Wampanoag war^ and went to Wameset, or
Chelmsford, now Lowell, where they settled near Pawtucket
falls. i)n the 16th of September, 1684, immediately after the
death of Wenepoykin, the people of Marblehead embraced the
opportunity of obtaining a deed of their town. It was signed
by Ahawayet, and many others, her relatives. She is called
"Joane Ahawayet, Squawe, relict, widow of George Saggamore,
alias Wenepawweekin." (Essex Reg. Deeds, 11, 132.) She
survived her husband about a year, and died in 1685. On the
19th of March, 1685, David Nonupanohow, " heir of Sagamore
George, and in his right having some claim to Deer Island, doth
hereby, for just consideration, relinquish his right, to the town
of Boston," (Suffolk Records.) On the llth of October, 1686,
the people of Salem obtained a deed of their town, which was

40 HISTOET OP LTNN,
signed by the relatives of Wenepoykin. [And on the '4th of
September, of the same year, the people of Lynn likewise ob
tained a deed of their territory, from the heirs of Wenepoykin,
a copy of which may be found on page 51, et seq.]
YAWATA,_daughter of Nanapashemet, and sister of the three
sagamores, married Oonsumog, She lived to sign the deed of
Salem, in 1686, and died at Natick, She had a son, Mumin-
quaph, born in 1636, and called James Rumney Marsh, who also
removed to Natick. There is great softness and euphony in the
name of this Indess. Ya-wa-ta ; six letters, and only one hard
consonant. Probably her heart was as delicate and feminine as
her name. The early settlers indicated their poetic taste by
calling her Abigail. [The wife of David Kunksbamooshaw, who
was a grandson of Yawata's brother Wenepoykin, was also
called Abigail, This last was the Abigail who signed the deed
of Lynn. And it seems as if Mr. Lewis may have confounded
the two Abigails. Yet, Yawata might have signed the Salem
deed, in 1686, though she must then have been quite old.]
PoQUANUM, or Dark Skin, was sachem of Nahant. Wood, in
his New England's Prospect, calls him Duke William; and it
appears by depositions in Salem Court Records, that he was
known by the familiar appellation of Black Will. He was con
temporary with Nanapashemet. In 1630 he sold Nahant to
Thomas Dexter for a suit of clothes. It is probable that he
was the chief who welcomed Gosnold, in 1602, and who is
represented to have been dressed in a complete suit of English
clothes. If he were the same, that may have been the reason
why he was so desirous to possess another suit. He waa killed
in 1633, as will be found under that date. He had two chil
dren — Ahawayet, who married Wenepoykin; and Queakussen,
commonly called Captain Tom, or Thomas Poquanum, who
was born in 1611. Mr. Gookin, in 1686, says, " He is an Indian
of good repute, and professeth the Christian religion." Probably
he is the one alluded^ to by Rev. John Eliot, in his letter No
vember 13, 1649, in which he says : " Linn Indians are all naught
save one, who sometimes cometh to hear the word, and telleth
me that he prayeth to God ; and the reason why they are bad
is partly and principally because their sachem is naught and
careth not to pray to God," There is a confession of faith

THE INDIANS. 41
preserved in Eliot's "Tears of Repentance," by Poquanum,
probably of this same Indian, He signed the deed of Salem in
1686, and on the 17th of September, in that year, he gave the
following testimony : ," Thomas Queakussen, alias Captain Tom,
Indian, now living at Wamesit, neare Patucket Falls, aged about
seventy-five years, testifieth and saith. That many yeares since,
when he was a youth, he lived with his father, deceased, named
Poquannum, who some time lived at Sawgust, now called Linn ;
he married a second wife, and lived at Nahant ; and himself in
after time lived about Mistick, and that he well knew all these
parts about Salem, Marblehead and Linn ; and that Salem and
the river running up between that neck of land and Bass river
was called Naumkeke, and the river between Salem and Marble
head was called Massabequash; also he says he well knew
Sagamore George, who married the Deponent's Owne Sister,
named Joane, who died about a yeare since ; and Sagamore
George left two daughters, name Sicilye and Sarah, and two
grand-children by his son; Nonumpanumhow the one called
David, and the other Wuttanoh ; and I myself am one of their
kindred as before ; and James Rumney Marsh's mother is one
of Sagamore George his kindred; and I knew two squawes
more living now about Pennecooke, one named Pahpocksitt,
and the other's name I know not ; and I knew the grandmother
of these two squawes named Wenuchus ; she was a principal
proprietor of these lands about Naumkege, now Salem; all
these persons above named are concerned in the antient pro
perty of the lands above mentioned." Wabaquin also testified,
that David was the grandson of Sagamore George — by his
father, deceased Manatahqua. (Essex Reg, Deeds, 11, 131.)
Nahanton was born about the year 1600. On the 7th of April,
1635, Nahanton was ordered by the Court to pay Rev. WiUiam
Blackstone, of Boston, two beaver skins, for damage done to
his swine by setting traps. In a deposition taken at Natick,
August 15, 1672, he is called " Old Ahaton of Punkapog, aged
about seaventy yeares;" and in a deposition at Cambridge,
October 7, 1686, he is called " Old Mahanton, aged about ninety
years." In the same deposition he is called Nahanton. He
testifies concerning the right of the heirs of Wenepoykin to
sell the lands of Salem, and declares himself a relative of Sagar
D*

42 HISTOET OP LTNN.
more George. He signed the deed of Quincy, August 5, 1665,
and in that deed is called " Old Nahatun," one of the " wise
men " of Sagamore Wampatuck. He also signed a quit-claim
deed to "the proprietated inhabitants of the town of Boston,"
March 19, 1685. (Suffolk Records.)
Quanopkonat, called John, was another relative of Wenepoy
kin. His widow Joan, and his son James, signed the deed of
Salem, in 1686. Masconomo was sagamore of Agawam, now
Ipswich. Dudley says, " he was tributary to Sagamore James,"
From the intimacy which subsisted between them, he was prob
ably a relative. He died March 8, 1658, and his gun and other
implements were buried with him. (Felt's Hist. Ipswich.)
The names of the Indians are variously spelled in records
and depositions, as they were imperfectly understood from their
nasal pronunciation. Some of them were known by different
names, and as they had no baptism, or ceremony of naming
their children, they commonly received no name until it was
fixed by some great exploit, or some remarkable circumstance.
The Indians have been admirably described by William Wood,
who resided at Lynn, at the first settlement. " They were black
haired, out nosed, broad shouldered, brawny armed, long and
slender handed, out breasted, small waisted, lank bellied, well
thighed, flat kneed, handsome grown legs, and small feet. In a
word, they were more amiable to behold, though only in Adam's
livery, than many a compounded fantastic in the newest fash
ion." In another place he speaks of " their unparalleled beauty."
Josselyn, in his New England Rarities, says: " The women, many
of them, have very good features, seldome without a come-to-me
in their countenance, all of them black eyed, having even short
teeth and very white, their hair black, thick and long, broad
breasted, handsome, straight* bodies and slender, their limbs
cleanly, straight, generally plump as a partridge, and saving
^now and then one, of a modest deportment." Lechford says :
" The Indesses that are young, are some of them very comely
having good features. Many prettie Brownettos and spider
fingered lasses may be seen among them." After such graphic
and beautiful descriptions, nothing need be added to complete
the idea that their forms were exquisitely perfect, superb and
voluptuous. [But is not this superlative language, as applied

THE INDIANS, 43
to Indian squaws, rather intense ? Mr, Lewis, however, is well
known to have entertained more than ordinary ve.neration for
the aJborigines. It is believed that a more just estimate may
be found in the volume published here in 1862, under the title
" Lin : pr. Jewels of the Third Plantation."]
The dress of the men was the skin of a deer or seal tied round
the waist, and in winter a bear or wolf skin thrown over the'
shoulders, with moccasons or shoes of moose hide. The women
wore robes of beaver skins, with sleeves of deer skin drest, and
drawn with lines of different colors into ornamental figures.
Some wore a short mantle of trading cloth, blue or ved, fastened
with a knot under the chin, and girt around the waist with a
zone ; their buskins fringed with featheVs, and a fillet round
their heads, which were often adorned with plumes.
Their money was made of shells, gathered on the beaches,
and was of two kinds. The one was called wampUm-peag, or
white money, and was made of the twisted part of the cockle
strung together like beads. Six of these passed for a penny,
and a foot for about a shilling. The other was called suckauhoc,
or black money, and was made of the hinge of the poquahoc
clam, bored with a sharp stone. The value of this money was
double that of the white. These shells were also very curiously
wrought into pendants, bracelets, and belts of wampum, several
inches in breadth and several feet in length, with figures of
animals and flowers. Their sachems were profusely adorned
with it, and some of the princely females wore dresses worth
fifty or a hundred dollars. It passed for beaver and other
commodities as currently as silver.
Their weapons were bows, arrows and tomahawks. Their
bows were made of walnut, or some other elastic wood, and
strung with sinews of deer or moose, Thei» arrows were made
of elder, and feathered with the quills of eagles. They were
headed with a long, sharp stone of porphyry or jasper, tied to a
short stick, which was thrust into the pith of the elder. Their
tomahawks were made of a flat stone, sharpened to an edge,
with a groove round Jhe middle. This was inserted in a bent
walnut stick, the ends of which were tied together. The flinty
heads of their arrows and axes, their stone gouges and pestles,
have been frequently found in the fields.

44 HISTOET OP LTNN,
Their favorite places of residence hereabout, appear to have
been in the neighborhood of Sagamore HiU and High Rock, at
Swampscot and Nahant, One of their burial places was on the
hiU near the eastern end of Mount Vernon street. In Saugus,
many indications of their dwelhngs have been found on the
old Boston road, for about half a mile from the hotel, westward ;
and beneath the house of Mr. Ephraim Rhodes was a burying
ground. On the road which runs north from Charles Sweetser's,
was another Indian village on a plain, defended by a hiU. Na
ture here formed a lovely spot, and nature's children occupied
it, [The localities here referred to lie between East Saugus
and Cliftondale.] They usually buried their dead on the sides
of hills next the sun. ' This was both natural and beautiful. It
was the wish of Beattie's Minstrel,
" Where a green grassy turf is all I crave,
And many an evening sun shine sweetly on my grave."
The Indians had but few arts, and only such as were requisite
for their subsistence. Their houses, called wigwams, were rude
structures, made of poles set round in the form of a cone, and
covered by bark or mats. In winter, one great house, built
with more care, with a fire in the middle, served for the accom
modation of many. They had two kinds of boats, called canoes ;
the one made of a pine log, twenty to sixty feet in length, burnt
and scraped out with sheHs ; the other made of birch bark, very
light and elegant. They made fishing lines of wild hemp, equal
to the finest twine, and used fish bones for hooks. Their meth
od of catching deer was by making two fences of trees, half a
mile in extent, in the form of an angle, with a snare at the place
of meeting, in which they frequently took the deer alive.
Their chief objects of cultivation were corn, beans, pumpkins,
squashes and melons, which were aU indigenous plants. Their
fields were cleared by burning the trees in the autumn. Their
season for planting was when the leaves of the oak were as
large as the ear of a mouse. From this observation was formed
the rule of the first settlers.
'When the white oak trees look goslin gray,
Plant then, be it April, June, or May.
The corn was hoed with large clam sheUs, and harvested in
cellars dug in the ground, and enclosed with mats. When

THE INDIANS. 45
boiled in kernels it was called samp ; when parched and pound
ed in stone mortars it was termed nokehike ; and when pounded
and boiled, it was called hominy. They also boiled corn and
beans together, which they called succatash. They formed
earthen vessels in which they cooked. They made an excellent
cake by mixing strawberries with parched corn. Whortleberries
were employed in a similar manner. Some of their dishes are
still well known and highly relished — their samp, their hominy
or hasty pudding, their stewed beans or succatash, their baked
pumpkins, their parched corn,, their boiled and roast ears of
corn, and their whortleberry cake — dishes which, when well
prepared, are good enough for any body. And when to these
were added the whole range of field and flood, at a time when
wild fowl and venison were more than abundant, it will be seen
that the Indians lived well.
The woods were _filled with wild animals — foxes, bears,
wolves, deer, moose, beaver, racoons, rabbits, woodchucks, and
squirrels — most of which have long since departed. One of
the most troublesome animals was the catamount, one of the
numerous varieties of the cat kind, which has never been par
ticularly described. It was from three to six feet in length,
and commonly of a cinnamon color. Many stories are related
of its attacks upon the early settlers, by climbing trees and
leaping upon them when traveling through the forest. An
Indian in passing through the woods one day, heard a rustling
in the boughs overhead, and looking up, saw a catamount pre
paring to spring upon him. He said he " cry all one soosuck" —
that is, like a child — knowing that if he did not kill the cata-t
mount, he must lose his own life. He fired as the animal was
in the act of springing, which met the ball and fell dead at
his feet.
The wUd pigeons are represented to have been so numerous
that they passed in flocks so large as to " obscure the light."
Dudley says, "it passeth credit if but the truth should be
known ; " and Wood says, they continued flying for four or
five hours together, to such an extent that one could see "nei
ther beginning nor ending, length nor breadth, of these millions
of miUions," When they alighted in the woods, they frequently
broke down large limbs of trees by their weight, and the crash-

4^ HISTOET OP LYNN.
ing was heard at a great distance, A single family has been
known to have kiUed more than one hundred dozen in one
night, with poles and other weapons; and they were often
taken in such numbers that they were thrown into piles, and
kept to feed the swine. The Indians caUed the pigeon wusco-
wan, a word signifying a wp,nderer. The wild fowl were so
numerous in the waters, that persons sometimes kiUed "50
duckes at a shot."
The Indians appear to have been very fond of amusements.
The tribes, even from a great distance, were accustomed to
chaUenge each other, and to assemble upon Lynn Beach to
decide their contests. Here they sometimes passed many days|
in the exercises of running, leaping, wrestling, shooting, and
other diversions. Before they began their sports, they drew a
line in the sand, across which the parties shook hands in evi
dence of friendship, and they sometimes painted their faces, to
prevent revenge. A tall pole was then planted in the beach,
on which were hung beaver skins, wampum, and other articles,
for which they contended ; and frequently, all they were worth
was ventured in the play. One of their games was foot-ball.
Another was called puim, which was played by shuffling to
gether a large number of small sticks, and contending for them.
Another game was played with five flat pieces of bone, black
on one side and white on the other. These were put into a
wooden bow], which was struck on the ground, causing the
bones to bound aloft, and as they fell white or black, the game
was decided. During this play, the Indians sat in a circle,
making a great noise, by the constant repetition of the word
hub, hub, — come, come — from which it was caUed hubbub; a
word, the derivation of which seems greatly to have puzzled
Dr. Johnson.
The Indians believed in a Great Spirit, whom they caUed
Kichtan, who made all the other gods, and one man and woman.
The evil spirit they called Hobamock. They endured the most
acute pains without a murmur, and seldom laughed loud. They
cultivated a kind of natural music, and had their war and death
songs. The women had lullabies and melodies for their children
and modulated their voices by the songs of birds. Some earlv
writers represent the voices of their females, when heard

THE INDUNS. 47
through the shadowy woods, to have been exquisitely harmoni
ous. It has been said they had no poets; but their whole Ian-
guage was a poem. What more poetical than calling the roar
of the ocean on the beach, srawKss, or great panting? — literally,
the noise which a tired animal makes when spent in the chase.
What more poetical than naming a boy Poquanum, or Dark
Skin; and a girl Wanapaquin, a Plume? Every word of 'the
Indians was expressive, and had a meaning. Such is natural
poetry in all ages. The Welch caUed their great king Arthur,
i from aruthr, terribly fair ; and such was,Alonzo, the name of the
Moorish kings of Spain, from an Arabic word, signifying the
fountain of beauty. When we give our children the names of
gems and flowers — when we use language half as designative
as that of the Indians, we may begin to talk of poetry. " I am
an aged hemlock," said one, " whose head has been whitened
by eighty snows ! " " We will brighten the chain of our friend
ship with you," said the chiefs in their treaties. ["You are
the rising sun, we are the setting," said an old chief, sadly, on
seeing the prosperity of the whites, Gookin says that when
the Quakers tried to convince certain Indians of the truth of
their doctrines, advising them not to listen to the ministers, and
telling them that they had -" a light within, which was a suffi-
cient guide," they replied, " We have long looked within, and
find it very dark."] The Indians reckoned their time by snows
and moons. A snow was a winter ; and thus, a man who had
seen eighty snows, was eighty years of age. A moon was a
month ; thus they had the harvest moon, the hunting moon, and
thfe moon of flowers.. A sleep was a night; and seven sleeps
were seven days. This figurative language is in the highest
degree poetical and beautiful.
The Indians have ever been distinguished for friendship, jus
tice, magnanimity, and a high sense of honor. They have been
represented by some as insensible and brutish, but, with the
exception of thejr revenge, they were not an insensate race.
The old chief, who requested permission of the white people to
smoke one more whiff before he was slaughtered, was thought
to be an unfeeling wretch ; but he expressed more than he could
have done by the most eloquent speech. The red people re
ceived the immigrants in a friendly manner, and taught them

48 HISTOET OP LTNN.
how to plant ; and when any of the whites traveled through the
woods, they entertained them with more kindness than compli
ments, kept them freely many days, and often went ten, and
even twenty miles, to conduct them on thpir way. The Rev,
Roger WiUiams says : " They were remarkably free and cour
teous to invite all strangers in. I have reaped kindness again
from many, seven years after, whom I myself had forgotten. It
is a strange truth, that a man shall generaUy find more free
entertainment and refreshment amon^g these barbarians, than
among thousands that call themselves Christians,
The scene which presented itself to the first settlers, must
have been in the highest degree interesting and beautiful. The
light birchen canoes of the red men were seen gracefully swim
ming over the surface of the bright bRie ocean ; the half clad
females were beheld, bathing their olive limbs in the lucid flood,
or sporting on the smooth beach, and gathering the spotted
eggs from their little hollows in the sands, or the beautiful-
shells which abounded among the pebbles, to string into beads
or weave into wampum, for the adornment of their necks and
arms. At one time an Indian was seen with his bow, silently
endeavoring to transfix the wild duck or the brant, as they rose
and sunk on the alternate waves ; and at another, a glance was
caught of the timid wild deer, rushing through the shadow of
the dark green oaks ; or the sly fox, bounding from rock to rock
among the high cliffs of Nahant, and stealing along the shore to
find his evening repast, which the tide had left upon the beach.
The little sand-pipers darted along the thin edge of the wave 
the white guUs in hundreds soared screaming overhead  and
the curiews fiUed the echoes of the rocks with their wild and
watery music. This is no imaginary picture, wrought up foi;
the embeUishment of a fanciful tale, but the delineation of
an actual scene, which presented itself to the eyes of our
fathers. An incident respecting the Indians, about a-year before the
settlement of Lynn, is related by Rev. Thomas Cobbett, in a
letter to Increase Mather. "About the year 1628, when 'those
few that came over with Colonel Indicot and begun to settle at
Nahumkeeck, now called Salem, and in a manner all so sick of
their journey, that though they had both smaU and great guns

INDIAN DEED OP LTNN. 49
and powder and buUets for them, yet had not strength to man
age them, if suddenly put upon it ; and tidings being certainly
brought them, on a Lord's day morning, that a |;housand Indians
from Saugust, (now called Lyn,) were coming against them to
cut them off, they had niuch ado amongst them all to charge
two or three of theyre great guns, and traile them to a place
of advjantage, where the Indians must pass to them, and there
to shoot them off; when they heard by theyre noise which they
made in the woods, that the Indians drew neare, the noise of
which great artiUery, to which the Indians were never wonted
before, did occasionally, by the good hand of God, strike such
dread into tljem, that by some lads who lay as scouts in the
woods, they were heard to reiterate that confused outcrie, (0
Hobbamock, much Hoggery,) and then fled confusedly back
with all speed, when none pursued them. One old Button,
lately living at Haverhill, who was then almost the only haile
man left of that company, confirmed this to be so to me, accord
ingly as I had been informed of it." This old Button was Mat
thias Button, a Dutchman, who lived in a thatched house in
HaverhiU, in 1670, says Joshua Coffin. [And this same Button
is acknowledged to have communicated to Mr. Cobbett a part
of the interesting facts supplied to Pr, Increase Mather, regard
ing the^ early difficulties with the Indians. He came over with
Endicott, in 1628, and died in 1672.]
INDIAN DEED OP LTNN,
[By recurring to page 39, it will be observed that Mr, Lewis
speaks of the Indian deeds of Marblehead and Salem, And it is
a little remarkable that while doing so he did not suspect that
there might also have been one of Lynn, for it appears as if
such a suspicion would have put him upon that thorough search
which must have resulted in its discovery. Such a deed, bear
ing date 4 Sept., 1686, may be found among the records at Salem,
And this seems an appropriate place for its introduction, as it
contains, aside from its more direct purpose, divers statements
regarding some of the Indians of whom brief biographies have
been given. It is true that in one or two points it somewhat
tarnishes the romantic gloss which has so delighted us.» But it
is not unwholesome now and then to interpose a slight check to
E 4

50 HISTOET OP LTNN,
the imaginary flights to which the lover of the .people and
things of old is ever prone,
[It should not, however, be concluded that the first purchase
from the Indians was made at the date of this deed. Separate
tracts had been purchased at different times, before, and this
was merely intended as a release or quit-claim of all the rights
of the grantors in aU the territory now constituting Lynn, Lynn-
field, Nahant, Saugus, and Swampscot, and parts of Danvers,
Reading and South Reading. At the time this deed was given,
in reality not a third of the territory was occupied by the
settlers; but there was a prospect that it would presently come
in use. The Indians had mostly retired, and it '^as important
that their title, if any existed, should be extinguished. The
small consideration named is some indication that it was not
considered that the Indians had any very valuable remaining
interest. Other value, however, may have been given. It was
often the icase, that the consideration expressed in a deed was
q'uite different from the real one, the custom of indulging in
a little innocent deception being as prevalent then as now.
And it was not unfrequently an object with the shrewd settlers
to have it appear that the prices paid for lands were low, even
when the old sagamores had succeeded in making good bargains,
[And taking into account the time at which this deed was
given, I am persuaded that the procuring of it was deemed a
matter of much importance, inasmuch as it would constitute
written evidence that the natives had parted with the title to
their lands for a satisfactory consideration — the previous deeds,
if there were any, having been unrecorded and lost. The peo
ple were extremely suspicious that under James the crown
agents would pay little regard to titles that did not rest upon
sorrie clear and unimpeachable evidence. And though Andros
pretended to have no more regard for the signature of an In
dian than for the scratch of a bear's claw, he yet sometimes
found the barbarous autographs very serious impediments in
the way of his tyrannous assumptions. As a precautionary
step, the procuring of this deed shows the wariness of our
good fathers. It wiU be observed that the Indian deeds of
Marblehead, Salem, and one or two other places were procured
almost simultaneously with that of Lynn. And in March 1689

INDIAN DEED OP LTNN, 51
Andros asked Rev. Mr, Higginsoii whether New England was
the king's territory. The reply was, that it belonged to the
colonists, because they had held it by just occupation and pur
chase from the Indians. The foUowing is a copy of the deed,
which, though it may not furnish much entertainment to the
general reader, will be appreciated by the antiquarian.
To AXi. Christian People, to whom this present Deed of Confirmation,
Ratification and Ahenation shaU come, David Kunkshamooshaw, who by credi
ble inteUigence is gi-andson to old Sagamore George No-Nose, so called, alias
'Wenepawweekin, sometime of Rumney Marsh, aud sometimes at or about
Chelmsford of ye collony of ye Massachyets, so caUed, sometimes here and
sometimes there, but deceased, ye said David, grandson to ye said old Saga
more George No-Nose, deceased, and AbigaU Kunkshamooshaw, ye wife of
David, and Cicely, alias Su Gfeorge, ye reputed daughter of said old Sagamore
George, and James Quonopohit of Natick aUas Runmey Marsh, and Mai-y his
vyife, send greeting, &c,
ICnow Yee, that the said David Kirnkshamooshaw and Abigail his wife, and
Cicely alias Su George aforesaid and James Quonopohit aforesaid with his
wife Mary who ai-e ye nearest of kiu and legall successors of ye aforesaid
George No-Nose alias Wenepavrweekin whom wee affirme was the true and
sole ovTner of ye land that ye towns of Lynn and Reading aforesaid stand upon,
and notwithstanding ye possession of ye EngUsh dweUing in those townships
of Lynn and Reading aforesaid, wee, ye said David Kunkshamooshaw, Cicely
aUas Su Greorge, James Quonopohit, &c., the rest aforesaid Indians, doe lay
claime to ye lands that these two townes aforesaid, Lynn and Reading, stand
upon, and the dweUers thereof possess, that ye right and title thereto is ours and
belong to us and ours ; but, howsoever, the townships of Lyn and Reading
having been long possessed by the EngUsh, and although wee make our clayme
and ye selectmen and trustees for both townes aforesaid pleading title by
graunts of courts and purchase of old of om- predecessor, George Sagamore, and
such like matters, &c., wee. ye claymers aforenamed, viz. David Kunksha
mooshaw and AbigaU his Squaw, Cicely alias Su George the reputed daughter
of old Sagamore George No-Nose, and James Quonopohit and Mary his Squaw,
they being of the kiudred as of claymers, considering tlie arguments of ye se
lectmen in both townes, are not wiUing to make trouble to ourselves nor old
neighbors in those two tewnes aforesaid of Ljmn and Reading, &c., wee there
fore, the cla3nming Indians aforesaid, viz. David Kmikshamooshaw and AbigaU
his VTife and Cicely alias Su George the reputed daughter of old Sagamore
"George alias Wenepawweekin and James Quonopohit and Mai-y his wife, all
and every of us, as aforesaid, and joihtly together, for and in consideration of ye
summe of sixteen poundes of currant sterling money of silver in hand paid
to us Indians clayming, viz. David Kunkshamooshaw, &c., at or before ye en
sealing and deUvery of these presents, by M^^ Ralph Kmg, William Bassett,
sen'r, Mathew Farrington, sen'r, John Burrill, sen'r, Robert Pottei-, sen'r,

52. HISTOET OP LTNN.
Samuel Johsison, and OlUver Purchas, selectmen m Lynn, m ye county of
Essex, in New England, trustees and pi-udentials for and in behalf of ye pur-
chasers...and now proprietors of ye Tovmships of Lynn and Readmg, weU and
ti-uly payd, ye receipt whereof we, viz. David Kunkshamooshaw, AbigaU his
wife, Cicely alias Su George ye reputed daughter of old Sagamore George, and
James Conopohit, of Natick, aUas Rumney Marsh, anci Mai-y his wife, doe
hereby acknowledge themselves therewith to be fully satisfied and contented,
and thereof and of eveiy part thereof, doe hereby acquit, exhonerate, and
dischai-geye said M^ Ralph Kmg, "WilUam Bassett, sen'r, with aU and every of ye
selectmen aforesaid, trustees and prudentials, together vrith ye purchasers and
now proprietors of ye said townships of Lyn and of Reading, then- hens, execu
tors, admmistrators, and assigns, forever, by these presents have given, granted
and bargained a fuU and a firme confirmation and ratification of aU grants of
courts and any former alienation made by our predecessor or predecessors
and our own right, title and interest, clayme and demand whatsoever, and by
these presents doe fully, freely, clearly, and absolutely, give and gi-ant a fuU and
firm confirmation and ratification of aU grants of com-ts, and any sort of ahena
tion foi-merly made by our predecessor or predecessors, as alsoe all our owne
clayme of right, title, interest and demand unto them, y^ said M^^ Ralph King,
William Bassett, and the rest, selectmen forenamed, trustees and prudentials
for ye towne of Lyn, ye worshipfuU M^^ John Browne, Capt. Jeremiah Sweyn,
and Leiut. WUUam Harsey, trustees and prudentials for ye towne of Reading,
to their heu'S and assigns forever, to and for ye sole use, benefit and behoof of
ye purchasers and now proprietors of ye townships of Lynn and Reading afore
said and aU ye said townships of Lynn and Reading joyning one to another,
even from the sea, where ye line beginneth between Lyn and Marblehead,
and so between Lynn and Salem, as it is stated by those townes and marked,
and so to Ipswich River, and so from thence as it is stated bfetwixt Salem and
Readmg, and as" ye line is stated and runne betwixt WiUs hiU, and as is stated
and runne betwixt Reading and Andover and as it is stated betwixt Oburne
and Reading, and as it is stated and i-unn betwixt Chajrlestowne, Maiden, Lynn
and Reading, and upon the sea from ye line that beginneth at Lynn, and Mar
blehead, and Salem, to divide the towns aforesaid, so as well fi-om thence to
ye two Nahants, viz, the Uttle Nahant and ye gi-eat Nahant, as ye sea compass-'
eth it almost round and soe to ye river caUed Lynn River or Rumney Mai-sh
River or Creeke vnto ye Une from Brides Brook to ye said Creek, answering
ye Une that is stated between Lynn and Boston, from ye said Brides Brook up
to Reading — This said tract of land, described as aforesaid, together vidth
aU houses, edifices, buildmgs, lands, yai-ds, orchai-ds, gardens, meadows,
man-ishes, fieedings, gi-ounds, rocks, stones, beach fflats, pastures, commons
and commons of .pasture, woods, underwoods, swamps, waters, water
courses, damms, ponds, fishmgs, flovraigs, ways, easements, profits, privUeges,
rights, commodities, royallmg, hereditaments, and appurtenances whatsoever'
to ye said townships of Lynn and Reading and other ye premises belongmgi
or U3 any vnee appeitaining, or by them now used, occupied and mjoyed as
part, parcel or member thereof; and also aU rents, arrearages of rents, quit

INDIAN DEED OF LTNN, 63
rents, rights and appm-tenances whatsoever, nothing excepted or reserved, and
also aU deeds, writings, and evidences whatsoever, touching y« premises or
any part or parceU thereof.
To Have and to Hold aU ye said tovynships of Lynn and Reading, as
well as the Two Nahants aforesaid, ye little and ye gi-eat Nahant, as they are
encompassed by ye sea with then- beaches from y* great Nahant to ye Uttle,
and from the little Nahant homeward where Richard Hood now dweUeth, and
so to M^ Kings, with aU ye above gi-anted , premises, with their and every of
their rights, members and appurtenances, and every part and parcell thereof,
hereby given, granted confirmed, ratified, unto y* said M' Ralph King, WiUiam
Bassett and ye rest selectmen in behalf of Lynn, and y* worshipfuU M' John
Brovyne and ye rest aforenamed, for Reading, aU trustees and prudentials for
ye townships of Lyn and Reading, to them and their heu-s and assigns forever,
to and for ye sole vse, benefit and behoof of ye pm-chasers and now proprietors
of ye said townships of Lynn and Reading; and they, ye said David Kunksha
mooshaw and Abigail his wife, and Cicely aUas Su George, the reputed daugh
ter of George No-Nose, deceased, and James Quonopohit and Mary his wife,
Indians aforesaid, for themselves, their heirs, executors, administrators, and
assigns, jointly, severaUy, and respectively, doe hereby covensmt, promise, and
grant to and with ye said M' King, WiUiam Bassett, sen'r, and ye rest of Lynn,
and the worshipfuU M^ John Browne and ye rest of Reading, trustees and pru
dentials for ye townes of Lynn and Reading, as aforesaid, their heu-s and
assigns, and to the purchasers and now proprietors of ye said townships of
Lyn and Reading, &c,, in manner and foi-me foUowing, (that is to say,) that at
ye time of this graunt, confirmation and aUenation and untUl the ensealing and
delivery of these presents, theh- ancestor and ancestors and they, the above-
named David and AbigaU his now wife, and Cicely alias Su George, and ye
rest aforenamed Indians, were the true, sole, and lawfiUl owners of aU ye afore-
bargained, confirmed, and aUened premises, and were lawfully seized ofi" and
in y« same and every part thereof in their own propper right, and have in them
selves fiill power, good right, and lawfuU authority to grant, aliene, confii-m,
and assure ye same as is afore described in this deed,^vnto M' Ralph King,
WiUiam Bassett, sen'r, and ye rest selectmen of Lynn, and ye worshipfiiU M'
John Brovme and y* rest aforenamed, agents for Reading, aU trustees and
prudentials for ye two townships of Lyn and Reading, to them, then- heu-s and
assigns forever, for ye use aforesaid, viz. the benefit and behoof of ye purchas
ers and now proprietors of ye two tovraships aforesaid, as a good, perfect and
absolute estate of mheritance in fee simple without any manner of condition,
reversion or limitation whatsoever, so as to alter, change, or make void y»
same, and that y* said trustees aforesaid, and ye purchasers and now proprie
tors of ye said townships of Lynn and Reading, thek heirs and assigns, shall
and may, by vertue and force of these presents, from time to tune and at aU
times forever hereafter, lawfully, peaceably, and quietly, have, hold, use, oc«u
py, possess, and mjoy, y* above granted, aliened, and confirmed premises,
witii ye appurtenances and benefits thereof, and every part and parceU tiiereof,
free and clear, and clearly acquitted and discharged off and fi-om aU and aU
E*

54 HISTOET OP LTNN,
manner of other gifts, graunts, bargaines, sales, leases, mortgages, jointures,
dowers, judgments, executions, fforfeitures, and off and from aU other titles,
troubles, charges, incumbrances, whatsoever, had, made, committed, done or
suffered to be done by the said David and AbigaU his wife, Cicely alias Su
George and' y^ rest Indians aforenamed, them or any of them, or any of their
heirs or assigns, or any of then- ancestors, at any time or times. And further,
that ye said David Kunkshamooshaw and AbigaU his wife, Su George, James
Quonopohit and Mary his vrife, &c., then- hens, executors and administrators,
&c., jomtly and severally wUl and shall by these presents, from time to time
and at aU times hereafter, warrant and defend their foregranted and confirmed
premises, with their benefits and appurtenances and every part and parcell
thereof, unto the said ti-ustees or prudentials forenamed for ye townships of
Lyn and Reading, and then- heirs and assigns forever, to and for the sole use
and benefit of ye purchasers and now proprietors in and off ye said tovynships
of Lynn and Reading, against aU and every person or persons whatsoever any
waies lawfully clayming or demanding ye same or any pait or^^arceU thereof.
And lasfly, that they, ye said David, and Su George, and James Quonopohit,
&c., then- vrives or any of then- heu-s, executors, or admin'rs, shall and wiU
fi-om time to time and at aU times hereafter, when therevnto required, at
ye cost and chai-ges of ye aforesaid trustees and prudentials, theu- heirs or
assigns, or ye pm-chasers and proprietors of ye townships of Lynn and Read
mg, &c., doe make, acknowledge, suffer, aU and every such further act and
acts, thing and things, assurances and conveyances in ye law, whatsoever, for
ye further more better surety and sure making of ye abovesaid tovmships of
Lynn and Reading, with ye rights, hereditaments, benefits and appurtenances
above by these presents mentioned to be bai-gained, aliened, confiiined, vnto
ye aforesaid ti-ustees and prudentials, their heirs and assigns, for ye vse afore
said, as by the said trustees aforesaid, their hehs or assigns, or ye said proprie
tors, or by then- councUl learned m ye law, shaU be reasonably devised, advised
or requu-ed.
In Witness Whereof, ye said David Kunkshamooshaw and AbigaU his
wife, and Cicely alias Su George and James Quonopohit and Mary his wife,
have hereunto set theh- hands and seals, ye day of ye date, bemg ye fiiurth day
of'September, one thousand, six hundred eighty and six, annoque regni regis
Jacobus Secundi Anglice.
[This deed, it wiU be seen, was intended to confirm and ratify
previous ahenations, as weU as to operate as a release or quit
claim of aU the interest remaining in the grantors. The virtue
of the conveyance, however, must have existed mainly in the
release. But the purpose was accomplished in the old-fashion
way, and shows that, as before stated, there were eariier con
veyances. To this deed the Indian grantors affixed their marks
and seals. The marks of David and Abigail Kunkshamooshaw
are rude representations of a bow and arrow. Cicelv all S '

INDIAN DEED OP LTNN, 55
George indulges in a modest flourish. And Mary Ponham, alias
Quonopohit, dashes off with a figure that somewhat resembles
an intoxicated X, but which may have been intended for a dis
guised cross. The more learned James Quonopohit writes his
name in fuU. On the whole, the signatures' do not indicate
remarkable accomplishment in the use of the pen ; but fortu
nately the value of a sign manual does not depend on the
chirography. It is not wonderful that such signatures put
Andros in mind of scratches of a bear's claw. A sUp or two
from the modern rules of grammar, may have been noticed;
but it is a wise provision that bad grammar shall not damage
a legal instrument if the meaning is apparent, Fac-similes of
the marks are here introduced. They were trac,ed from the
record, which appears to give very careful imitations of the
originals.

"^ T^ cry-,

INDIAN SIGNATURES TO THE DEED OP LYNN.
[The certificate of " Bartho. Gedney, one of y' Council," says,
"All y° persons hereunto subscribed, acknowledged the within
written to be their act and deed, this 31 May, 1687,"
[Since page 49 was made ready, it has ocdurred to me that
Mr. Lewis, many years ago, stated in one of the papers that an
ancient Indian deed of Lynn lands was in possession of the Hart
family, as late as 1800. If he meant ihe family of my grand
father, Joseph Hart, who lived in the old house still standing *
on Boston street, west corner of North Federal — the same in
which his unworthy grandson first opened his eyes on this
troublous world — it can readily be imagined what may have
been its fate ; as I very well remember that in my boyhood there
was in the garret a large collection of old papers, to which the
boys had free access. The precious document, may, therefore,
have ended its career of usefulness in the merry guise of a kite
tail. Many and many an important document, has come to an
end as inglorious. And there are doubtless numbers still in
existence ordained to a similar fate.j

56 HISTOET OP LTNN.
TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA
Theeb were but few towns planted in Massachusetts before
the settlement of Lynn, In 1622, a plantation was begun at
Weymouth, In 1624, the Rev. WUliam Blackstone, with his
family, established himself at Boston. [And in the same year,
a fishing and planting station was commenced at Cape Ann,
The famous Roger Conant was appointed overseer, in r625.
The settlement, however, was broken up in the autumn of 1626,
and Conant, with most of the company, removed from the cape,
and commenced the settlement of Salem. He brought up his
habitation ; and inteUigent antiquarians affirm that its frame is
stiU doing ser'v'ice in the quaint old edifice standing on the east
side of Washington street, corner of Church.] In 1625, a
settlement was begun at Braintree ; and in 1627, at Charles
town. On the 19th of March, 1628, the CouncU in England sold
all that part of Massachusetts, between three miles north of
Merrimack River, and three miles south of Charles River, to six
gentlemen, one of whom was Mr. John Humfrey, who after
ward came to Lynn.
Lynn is pleasantly situated on the northern shore of Massa
chusetts Bay, between the cities of Salem and Boston, It
extends six miles on the sea shore and five miles into the woods,
[It will be borne in mind that this was written while Nahant
and Swampscot remained parts of Lynn. J The southern por
tion of the town is a long, narrow prairie, defended on the north
by a chain of high, rocky hiUs, beyond which is an extensive
range of woodland. It is surrounded by abundance of water,
having the river of Saugus on the west, the harbor on the south,
the ocean on the southeast, and the lakes of Lynn on the north.
From the centre of the southern side, a beach of sand extends
two mUes into the ocean, at the end of which are the two
peninsular islands called the Nahants, This beach forras one
side of the harbor, and protects it from the ocean. When great
storms beat on this beach, and on the cliffs of Nahant they
make a roaring which may be heard six miles,
Lynn is emphatically a region of romance and beauty. Her
wide-spread and variegated shores — her extended beaches 
her beautiful Nahant — her craggy cliffs, that overhang the
sea — her hills of porphyry — her woodland lakes — her wild

TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA. 57
secluded vales — her lovely groves, where sings the whip-poor-
wiU — furnish fruitful themes for inexhaustible description;
while the legends of her forest kings and their vast tribes —
"their feather-cinctured chiefs and dusky loves," wiU be rich
themes of song a hundred ages hence.
Lynn, as it now exists, is much smaller than it was before the
towns of Saugus, Lynnfield, Reading, ^d South Reading were
separated from it. It is now, [1844,] bounded on the west by
Saugus, on the northwest by Lynnfield, on the north and east
by Danvers and Salem. The old county road passes through
the northern part, the Salem Turnpike through the centre, and
the rail road from Portland to Boston through the southern
part. The distance to Salem, on the "northeast, is five miles ;
to Boston, on the southwest, nine miles. It contains 9360
acres, or fourteen square miles ; and the boundary line meas
ures thirty-four miles. It presents a bold and rocky shore,
consisting of craggy and precipitous cliffs, interspersed with
numerous bays, coves, and beaches, which furnish a pleasing
and picturesque variety. Above these rise little verdant mounds
and lofty, barren rocks, and high hills, clothed with woods of
evergreen". The first settlers found the town, including Nahant,
chiefly covered by forests of aged trees, which had never been
disturbed but by the storms of centuries. On the tops of an
cient oaks, which grew upon the cliffs, the eagles built their
nests ; the wUd-cat and the bear rested in their branches ; and
the fox and the wolf prowled beneath. The squirrel made his
home undisturbed in the nut-tree ; the wood-pigeon murmured
his sweet notes in the glen; and the beaver constructed his
dam across the wild brook. The ponds and streams were filled
with fish ; and the harbor was covered by sea-fowl, which laid
their eggs on the cliffs and on the sands of the beach.
The Indian name of the town was Saugus ; and by that name
it was known for eight years. The root of this word signifies
great, or extended; and it was probably applied to the Long
Beach. Wood, in his early m^p of New England, places the
word " Sagus " on Sagamore HiU. The river on the west was
called by the Indians Abousett — the word Saugus being applied
to it by the white men. It was called the river at Saugus, and
the river of Saugus, and finally the Saugus river; the original

58 HISTOET OP LTNN.
name " Abousett " being lost until I had the pleasure of restor
ing it. This river has its spurce in Reading Pond, about ten
miles from the sea. For the first half of its course, it is only
sufficient for a miU stream, but' becomes broader towards its
mouth, where it is more than a quarter of a mile wide. It is
crossed by four bridges — that at the Iron Works Iseing about
60 feet in length, that on the old Boston road about 200, that
on the Turnpike 480, and that on the Eastern RaU Road 1550,
It is very crooked in its course, flowing three mUes in. the dis
tance of one. In several places, after making a circuitous route
of half a mile, it returns to within a few rods of the place whence
it deviated. The harbor, into which it flows, is spacious, but.
shoal, and does not easily admit large vessels,
Nahant, [which was incorporated as a separate town in 1853,]
is the original name of the peninsula on the south of Lynn,
which has become so celebrated, [Por some account of the
early visits to Nahant, see pages 27 — 30.] This is probably
the Indian term Nahanteau, a dual word signifying two nnited,
or twins. This name is peculiarly appropriate, and is an
instance of the felicity of Indian appellations ; for the two
islands, like the Siamese twins, are not only connected together
by the short beach, but both are chained to the main land by
the long beach. [I have found it elsewhere stated that Nahant,
in the Indian language, signified "lover's walk."] When the
early settlers spoke of the larger promontory, they called it
Nahant ; but more commonly after the mannfer of the Indians,
who talked of both together, they caUed them " the Nahants."
Great Nahant is two mUes in length, and about half a mile in
breadth, containing five hundred acres, and is six and one quar
ter miles in circumference. It is surrounded by steep, craggy
cliffs, rising from twenty to sixty feet above the tide, with a.
considerable depth of water below. The rocks present a great
variety of color — white, green, blue, red, purple, and gray —
and in some places very black and shining, having the appear
ance of iron. The cliffs are pierced by many deep fissures
caverns and grottos ; and between these are numerous coves
and beaches of fine, shining, silvery sand, crowned by ridges
of various colored pebbles, interspersed with sea-shells. Above
the cliffs, the promontory swells into mounds from sixty to ninety

Swallows' Cave. (Page 59.)

Irene's Grotto. (Page 60.)

JOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA. — (NAHANT.) 59
feet in height. There are many remarkable cliffs and caves
around Nahant, which are very interesting to the lovers of
natural curiosities.
The Swallows' Cave is a passage beneath a high cliff, on the
southeastern part of Nahant, The entrance is eight feet high
and ten wide. Inside, it is fourteen feet wide, and nearly twen
ty feet in height. Toward the centre it becomes narrower, and
at the distance of seventy-two feet, opens into the sea. It may
be entered about half tide, and passing through, you may ascend
to the heigbt above, without returning through the cave. At
high tide the water rushes through with great fury. ' The swal
lows formerly inhabited this cave in great numbers, and buUt
their nests on the irregularities of the roc6 above ; but the
multitude of visitors have frightened them mostly away.
In delineating this delightful cavern, many a vision of early
romance rises lovelily before me,
And presses forward to be in my song.
But mustnot now.
It is not allowable for a serious historian to indulge in discur-
sions of fancy, else might I record many a legend of love and
constancy, which has been transmitted down from the olden
time, in connection with this rude and romantic scenery. Here
came the Indian maid, in all her artlessness of beauty, to lave
her limbs in the enamored water. Here came Wenuchus and
Yawata, and other daughters of the forest, to indulge the gush-
ings of their love, which they had learned, not in the pages of
Burns or Byron, but in God's beautiful book of' the unsophisti
cated human heart. Here, too, the cliffs now washed by the
pure waves, and dried by many a summer sun, have been pur
pled by the blood of human slaughter ; and perhaps this very
cavern has sheltered some Indian inother or daughter from the
tomahawk of the remorseless foe of her nation. Here also, in
later times, have lovers pledged their warm and fond affections^
happy if the succeeding realities of life have not frustrated the
vision of happiness here formed.
Southward from the SwaUows' Cave, is Pea Island, an irregu.
lar rock, about twenty rods broad. It hassome soU on it, on
which the sea pea grows. It is united to the Swallows' Cliff
by a little isthmus, or beach of sand, thirteen rods long.

60 HISTOET OP LTNN, ,
Eastward from Pea Island are two long, low, black ledges,
lying in the water and covered at high tides, called the Shag
Rocks. Several vessels have been wrecked on them.
Passing from the Swallows' Cave along the rocks, near the
edge of the water, to the western side of the same cliff, you
come to Irene's Grotto^ — atall arch, singularly grotesque and
beautiful, leading to a large room in the rock. This is one of
the greatest curiosities on Nahant, and was formerly much more
so until sacrilegious hands broke down part of the roof above,
to obtain stone for building.
Eastward from Swallows' Cave is Pulpit Rock — a vast block,
about thirty feet in height, and nearly twenty feet square, stand
ing boldly out in the tide. On the top is an opening, forming a
seat ; but from the steepness of the rock on all sides, it is diffi
cult of access. The upper portion of the rock has a striking
resemblance to a pile of great books. This rock is so peculiarly
unique in its situation and character, that if drawings were made
of it from three sid.es, they would scarcely be supposed to rep
resent the same object.
The Natural Bridge is near Pulpit Rock. It is a portion of
the cliff forming an arch across a deep gorge, from which you
look down upon the rocks and tide, twenty feet below,
^ Near East Point is a great gorge, overhung by a precipice on
either side, caUed the Cauldron Chff; in which, especially during
great storms, the water boUs with tremendous force and fury.
On the right of this, descending another way, is the Roaring
Cavern ; having an aperture beneath the rock, through which
you hear the roaring of the Cauldron Cliff.
On the northeastern side of Nahant, at the extremity of Cedar
Point, is Castle Rock, an immense pile, bearing a strong resem
blance tol the ruins of an old castle. The battlements and but
tresses are strongly outlined; and the square openings in the
sides, especiaUy when thrown into deep shadow, appear like
doors, windows, and embrasures. Indeed the whole of Nahant
has the appearance of a strongly fortified place.
Northwest from Castle Rock is the Spouting Horn Tt ,•=
winding fissure in the lower projecting bed of the cliff, in the
form of a horn, passing into a deep cavern under the rock The
water is driven through a tunnel, formed by two walls of rock

a

Pulpit Rock. (Page CO.)

Castle Rock. (Page 60.)

TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA, — (NAHANT.) 61
about one hundred feet, and is then forced into the cavern, from
which it is spouted, with great violence, in foam and spray. In
a great easterly storm, at half flood, when the tide is coming in
with aU its power, the water is driven into this opening with a
force that seems to jar the foundations of the solid rock ; and
each wave makes a sound like subterranean thunder. The cliff
rises abruptly forty feet above, but there is a good descent to
the mouth of the tunnel.
Westward from the Spoifting Horn is a large black ledge,
called the Iron Mine, from its great resemblance to" that mineral.
It embraces a singular cavity,- called the Dashing Rock.
At the northwestern extremity of Nahant, is John's Peril, a
vast fissure in the cliff, forty feet perpendicular. It received its
name from the following anecdote : John Breed, one of the early
inhabitants of Nahant, one day attempted to drive his team be
tween a rock on the hill and this cliff. The passage being
narrow, and finding his team in great peril, he hastily unfast
ened his oxen ; and the cart, falling down the precipice, was
dashed in pieces on the rocks below.
Directly in front of Nahant, at the distance of thr^-fourths
of a mile, on the east, is Egg Rock, [which is an extension of
the ledge on the eastern side of Nahant,]" It rises abruptly
from the sea, eighty-six feet in height. Its shape is oval, being
forty-five rods in length, and twelve in breadth, containing
about three acres. Near the summit is half an acre of excellent
soil covered with rank grass. The gulls lay their eggs here in
abundance, whence the rock derives its name. The approach
to this rock is dangerous, except in calm weather, and there is
but one good landing place, which is on the 'western side. Its
shape and colors are highly picturesque. Viewed from the north
it has the semblance of a couchant lion, lying out in front of the
town, to protect it from the approach of a foreign enemy —
meet emblem of the spirit which slumbers on our shores. [Egg
Rock was ceded to the United States in 1856, and a light house
was immediately after erected upon it. The light was shown
for the first time on the night of 15 Sept. 1857, It would
certainly have been more convenient, and perhaps quite as use
ful, on the point of Nahant ; but its appearance would not have
been so picturesque. The cost of the buUding was $3,700.
P

62 HISTOET OP LTNN,
Mr, Lewis exerted himself with a good deal of zeal and pertin
acity to secure the establishment of this light house.]
South of Nahant is a dangerous rock, covered at high tide,
called Sunk Rock, On the western side, at the entrance of the
harbor, is a cluster of rocks caUed the Lobster Rocks,
Nahant has always been a place of interest to the lovers of
natural scenery, and has long been visited in the summer season
by parties of pleasure, who,' when there were no ^hotels, cooked
their chowders on the rocks. Few of the numerous visitors at
Nahant have any idea of the place in its primitive simplicity,
when its advantages were known and appreciated by a limited
number of the inhabitants of the metropolis and neighboring
towns. Accommodations for visitors were then circumscribed,
and food was not very abundant. A chicken, knocked down by
a fishing-pole in the morning, and cooked at dinner, served to
increase the usual meal of fish, and was regarded as one of the
luxuries of the place. But notwithstanding the inconveniences
to which visitors were subjected, several famihes from Boston
passed the whole summer in the close quarters of the vUlage,
Hon. James T. Austin, Hon. WiUiam Sullivan, Hon. William Minot,
Charles Bradbury, Esq., Rufus Amory, Esq., and MarshaU Prince,
were among those who early and annually visited the rock-bound
peninsula with their famUies. At this time, Nahant did not
boast of a house from Bass Beach round by East Point to Bass
Rock. The whole of the space now dotted by luxurious cot
tages and cultivated soU, was a barren waste, covered by short
brown grass, tenanted by grasshoppers and snakes. The strag
gler to East Point, Pulpit Rock, and SwaUows' Cave, found his
path impeded by stone waUs — whUe the rest of the island,
excepting the road through the viUage, was a terra incognita to
aU, save the old islanders and a few constant visitors. Subse
quently, Rouillard opened a house in the village, which accom
modated the numbers who were beginning to appreciate the
beauties of the place. At this time, no artificial rules of society
marred tbe comfort of the visitors. There was no dressing for
dinners — no ceremonious caUs, No belles brought a ward
robe, made up in the latest fashion of the day;' and no beaux
confined and cramped their limbs with tight coats, strapped
pants, and high-heeled boots. Visitors shook off the restraints

TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA — (nAHANT,) 63
of society, and assimilated themselves in some degree to the
rugged character of the scenery around them. Parties were
frequently made,' and whole days passed by them in the Swal
lows' Cave and on the adjacent rocks — the ladies with their
sewing and books, while the men amused themselves in shooting
or fishing, and the children in picking up pebbles and shells on
the beaches. .One of the first improvements made at Nahant,
was a bathing-house at the southern extremity of Bass Beach,
built under the direction of James Magee, Esq., whose name
ibecame associated with most of the early improvements. Since
the citizens of Boston took Nahant into their patronage, its
improvement has been rapid, and it now presents the appear
ance of a romantic town, sparkling in the ocean waves.
Among the benefactors of Nahant, no one is deserving of
higher commendation than Frederic Tudor, Esq., who has built
one of the most beautiful rustic cottages in the cou^itry, and
has expended many thousand dollars to improve and beautify
the place, by constructing side-walks, and planting several thou
sands of fruit and ornamental trees, both on his own grounds,
and in the public walks. He has converted a barren hill into a
garden, whioh has produced some of the richest and most deli
cious fruits and vegetables that have been presented at the
horticultural exhibitions,
[In 1860, Mr, Tudor commenced those improvements in the
vicinity of North Spring, or Cold Spring, as it has been indis
criminately called, which have already added much to its-natural
attractions. For generation after generation this locality has
been a favorite place of resort. The little stream which gave
rise to the name has never ceased to leap joyously from its
paternal fountain somewhere in the bowels of the rocky hill,
and unmurmuringly trickle on to add its mite to the waters of
the craving ocean— just as joyously when it fell, on the rough
bed of rock that nature made ready for it, as it now does upon
the marble bed, which the hand of art prepared. And may it
not, after these many ages of small but ceaseless contribution,
modestly claim to have performed some service in the fiUing
up of the great sea? Here, upon the rough rocks, the parties
of old' were accustomed to cook their chowders, made of fish
caught from the abundance that sported at their very feet —

64 HISTOET OP LTNN.
the drift-wood at hand being sufficient for the fires, and the
sparkling spring supplying all demands of thirst. Under the
shade of the few old forest trees that stiU remained upon the
upland, the happy visitors partook of their repast, and contem
plated the glorious scene spread out to view. But art has come
in and shaken hands with nature. And the Maolis (SUoam)
Grounds have conveniences, in the unique ereqtions and well-
ordered appointments, to meet the wants of a genteeler age.
[The most striking of the works of art, in this vicinity, is the
Rock Temple. It is reared upon an elevated ledge, a little"*"
southeast of the old North Spring road, and a few rods above the
ever-dashing waves. Its circumference is about a hundred and
twenty feet, and it consists of eight irregular columns of stratt
' fied rock, resting upon bases formed of ponderous concrete
stones, some of several tons weight, supporting an octagonal
roof of heavy timber, covered with bark and other material in
keeping with the rugged appearance of the columns, which are,
including their bases, from twelve to fifteen feet in height,
varying according to the inequalities of the surface on which
they rest. Sundry mythological denizens of the deep, glisten
in gilded honor upon the gables and challenge the study of the
curious. This attractive edifice was reared in 1861.
[The contemplations of visitors who seat themselves in the
Rock Temple, must vary according to their peculiarities of taind,
'habits of thought, and education. To some, visions of classic
days will arise — days when philosophy and poetry were taught
amid the inspiring scenes of nature — when the grove, the hill
top and the sounding shore were schools — and, perhaps, lost
in contemplation, they wUl glance around for the appearance
of the robed sage appointed there to minister. To others,
weird visions may be suggested — visions of old Druidical days,
when through the open temple of rock the wUd winds moaned
as if in solemn unison with the wail of the disturbed spirits
who lingered there — and they, too, lost in contemplation, may
glance around for the shaven priest and bound victim.
[But aU who come hither with unstraying thoughts may enjoy
one of the most captivating scenes that nature ever provided
for the eye of man. In the quiet sleeping of the ocean, beneath
a cloudless sky — her sweUing bosom traversed by white sails,

TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA — (NAHANT.)

65

scudding in aU directions, with the dark trains of steamers
fading away on the horizon, and the sunlight gilding her dan
cing ripples — he beholds a picture of rare beauty, the effect
of which is vastly heightened by the inland background. The
hills, the woods, th^ rocks, the habitations, the towering churbh
spires, the sandy ridge, the distant shore, all lend their charms.
And here the visitor may also sit and witness the stern gran
deur of the ocean storm — sit tremblingly a-watch, whUe the
eternal rocks themselves seem to recoil from the assaulting
billows — when by the midnight lightning's gleam the power
less ship," perchance, may be discerned dashing furiously onward
to her doom among the jagged cliffs. And may it not be, too,
that during years to come this temple will be resorted to by
lovers on their moonlight strolls. Here may they sit and whis
per their sweet dreams, with hopes as bright and souls as placid,
as the beams that rock upon the wave. And may their happy
dreams prove verities.]

¦¦»' •*

f'.i, —in HI] ¦¦ wi-M.

C''>

EOCK TEMPLE, (mAOLIS GROUNDS,) NAHANT.
F* 5

66 HISTOET OP LTNN.
Little Nahant, is one hundred and forty rods long, and seventy
broad, containing forty acres. It is a hill, consisting of two
graceful elevations, rising eighty feet above the sea, and defend
ed by great battlements of rock, from twenty to sixty feet in
height. Oh the southern side are two deep gorges, called the
Great and Little Furnace. Between these is Mary's Grotto, a
spacious room,, twenty-four feet square, and twenty in height,
opening into the sea. It was formerly completely roofed by a
great arched rock; but some of those persons who have no
veneration for the sublime works of Nature, have broken down
a large portion of it. On the north side of Little Nahant is a
fissure called the Wolf's Cave,
'« [Interesting erratic rocks have been observed at Little Na
hant — on the western side, a boulder of fine pudding stone,
twenty-six feet in circumference ; a granite boulder, thirty-six
feet in circumference ; a brecciated boulder, thirty-six feet in
ciitjumference, half buried in sand ; — on the southern side, a
granite boulder, thirty-four feet in circumference ; a split boul
der, irregular, forty-six feet in circumference ; an irregular brec
ciated boulder, forty-nine feet in circumference, weighing about
a hundred and sixty tons ; — on the summit, near East Point, a
split boulder, forty-six feet in circumference.]
Little Nahant is connected to Great Nahant by Nahant Beach,
which is somewhat more than half a mile in length, of great
smoothness and beauty.
Lynn Beach, which connects the Nahants to the main land,
is two miles in length on the eastern side, and two and a half
miles, on the western. It is an isthmus, or causeway, of fine,
shining, gray sand, forming a curve, and rising so high in the
centre as generally to prevent the tide from passing over. On
the western side it slopes to the harbor, and on the eastern side
to the ocean. The ocean side is'most beautiful, as here the tide
flows out about thirty-three rods, leaving a smooth, polished
surface of compact sand, so hard that the horse's hoof scarcely
makes a print, and the wheel passes without sound. It fre-
quently retains sufficient lustre after the tide has left it, to give
it the appearance of a mirror; an,d on a cloudy day the traveler
may see the perfect image of his horse reflected beneath, with
the clouds below, and can easily imagine himself to be passing

* TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA. ' 67
like a spirit, through a world of shadows — a brightly mirrored
emblem of his real existence !
It is difficult, perhaps impossible, to convey to the mind of a
reader who has never witnessed the prospect, an idea of the
beauty and subUmity of this beach, and of the absolute magnifi
cence of the surrounding scenery. A floor of sand, two mUes
in length, and more than nine hundred feet in breadth, at low
tide, bounded on two sides by the water and the sky, and pre
senting a surface so extensive that two millions of people might
stand upon it, is certainly a view which the universe cannot
paraUel. This beach is composed of movable particles of sand,
so small that two thousand of them would not make a grain as
large as the head of a pin ; yet these movable atoms have with
stood the whole immense power of the Atlantic ocean for cen
turies, perhaps from the creation I
There are five beaches on the shores of Lynn, [including
Swampscot,] and sixteen around Nahant. The names of these,
beginning at the east, are Phillips' — Whale — Swampscot —
Humfrey's — Lynii — Nahant — Stoney — Bass — Canoe — Ba
thing — ^ Pea Island — Joseph's — Curlew — Crystal — Dorothy's —
Pond — Lewis's — Coral — Reed — Johnson's — and Black Rock
beaches. These together have an extent of nine miles, and
most of them are smooth and beautiful. Great quantities of
kelp and rock weed are thrown upon these beaches by storms,
which are gathered by the farmers for the enrichment of their
lands. Swampscot is the original Indian name of the fishing village
at the eastern part of the town. [It was incorporated as a
separate town, 21 May, 1852.] Thi^ is a place of great natural
beauty, bearing a strong resemblance to the Bay of Naples, On
the west of Swampscot is a pleasant rock, called Black Will's
Cliff, from an Indian sagamore who resided there. On the
east is a low and very dangerous ledge of rocks extending into
tthe sea, called Dread Ledge. The cliffs, coves, and beaches at
Swampscot are admirably picturesque, and vie with those of
Nahant in romantic beauty.
There are numerous building sites of surpassing loveliness,
not only at Nahant and Swampscot, but throughout Lynn i and
when a better taste in architecture shall prevail, and the town

68 HISTOET OP LTNN.
becomes as highly ornamented by art as it has been by nature,
it wUl perhaps be surpassed by no town in the Union, I have
long endeavored to introduce a style of architecture which shaU
be in harmony with the wUd and natural beauty of the scenery— ^
a style in which the cottages shaU appear to grow out of the,
rocks and to be born of the woods. In some instances I have
succeeded, but most people have been too busy in other occupa
tions to stu'dy a cultivated and harmonizing taste. When a
style of rural refinement shaU prevail — when the hills and cliffs
shaU be adorned with buildings in accordance with the scenery
around — and when men, instead of cutting down every tree
and shrub, shall re-clothe nature with the drapery of her appro
priate foliage, Lynn wUl appear much more lovely and interest
ing, than at present. [But Mr. Lewis himself lived to see the
day of better taste arrive. The style of architecture has won
derfully improved within the last twenty years. And could all
the elegant residences that are now scattered in every direc?-
tion, be gathered into one quarter, they woujd form an array
•which could be equalled by few, places out of the leading cities.
Our romantic hills are beginning to be adorned by structures
becoming in style and challenging the admiration of the traveler.
Some of the most' beautiful gardens in New England are like
wise here to be found. Our newly-erected manufactories are
on a far more extensive and durable scale than the old. * And
our streets and other public places have been greatly beautified
by the planting of numerous ornamental trees. In short, it
may be fairly claimed that the external progress of Lynn has
kept pace with her moral and intellectual advancement.]
The eminences in different parts of the town, furnish a great
variety of pleasing prospects. High Rock, near the centre of
the tpwn, is an abrupt cliff, one hundred and seventy feet in
height. The view from this rock is very. extensive and beauti
ful. On the east is the pleasant village of Swampscot, with its
cluster of -slender masts, and its beaches covered with boats 
Baker's island with its light — the white towers of Marblehead 
and the distant headland of Cape Ann, On the right is Bunker
HiU, with its obelisk of granite — the majestic dome and the
lofty spires of Boston — the beautiful green islands, with the
forts and light houses in the Bay — and far beyond the Blue

\xri *

«. ff - -* ft ??i "i
ink ' J-, . .

-•'¦I .i ^

I '.,,-** ?u

fjj..^<fflii
^4Si'f5d55li|Ch^lfc#i?b?d^5^^^^
RESIDENCE OF ISAAC NEWHALL, ESQ.,
Marianna Street, hear Chatham, Lynn, Mass. ¦ Sketched by J. Sheldon.
•I
TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA. 69
HUls, softly mingling with the sky. On the north is a vast
range of hill and forest, above which rises the misty summit of
Wachusett. Before you is the town of Lynn, with its white
houses and green trees — the rail-road cars gUding as if by
magic across the landscape — the Long Beach, stretching out
in its beauty — the dark rocks of Nahant, crowned with roman
tic cottages — Egg Rock, in its solitary dignity — and the vast
ocean, spreading out in its interminable grandeur. There too
.may be seen a hundred dories of the fishermen, skimming lightly
over the waves — the Swampscot, jiggers, bounding like sea
birds over the billows — a hundred ships, ploughing the deep
waters — and the mighty steamers wending their way to and
from England. The whole is a splendid panorama of the mag
nificent Bay of Massachusetts.
Lover's Leap is a beautiful and romantic elevation near the
northern end of Grove street, and a mile northwest from High
Rock. It is a steep cliff, on the side of a hill clothed with wood,
one hundred and thirty-three feet in height — that is, thirty-three
feet to the base of the hiU, and one hundred feet abpve. It
furnishes a pleasant view of a large portion of the town.
Pine Hill is half a mile west from Lover's Leap, It is two
hundred and twenty-four feet in height. The southwestern
extremity of this hill is called Sadler's Rock, which is one hun
dred and sixty-six feet high, A small distance northward of this,
is a cliff, by the road side, which was struck by lightning in 1807,
when a portion of the rock, about 12 tons weight, was split off,
and thrown nearly two hundred feet ; the bolt leaving its deep
traces down the side of the rock. A few rods beyond, where
the road is crossed by a brook, is a flat rock, in which is im
pressed the print of a cloven foot, apparently that of a cow or
moose, A stone, lying near, bears the deep impress of a child's
feet. Sagamore Hill is a very pleasant eminence at the northern
end of Long Beach, sixty-six feet in height. It slopes to the
harbor on one side, and to the ocean on the other, and has the
town lying beautifully in the back ground. [Since this was
written Sagamore Hill bas become covered by residences, some
of them very fine, and affording charming landscape and marine
views.] Half a mUe eastward is Red Rock, which forms a very

HISTOET OP LTNN.
pretty little promontory in the ocean. Many spots in the hUla
and forests of Lynn are beautifully wild and romantic. There
is a delightful walk on the eastern bank of Saugus River, which
passes through one of the loveliest pine groves imaginable. On
the eastern side of this river also is the Pirates' Glen, respecting
which a legend will be found under date 1658, The view from
Round HiU, in Saugus, is delightful.
There are seven ponds in Lynn, several of which are large,
having the appearance of little lakes. Their names are Cedar —
Tomlins's — Flax — LUy — Floating Bridge — Phillips's — In-
galls's. And there is Bear Pond, on Nahant. The first three
of these are connected with Saugus River by Strawberry Brook,
on which are many miUs and factories. The margins of some
•of these lakes are very pleasant, and will probably, at some more
tasteful period, be adorned with beautiful villas and delightful
cottages. The water in. Tomlins's Pond is sixty feet above the
ocean. Floating Bridge Pond is crossed by a bridge which
floats on the water. It is four hundred and fifty-six feet in
length, and is quite a curiosity, reminding one of the Persian
bridge of boats across the Hellespont,
Springs are abundant — some of them exceedingly cold and
pure, and good water is easily obtained, [WiUiam Wood, the
early Lynn settler and author of New England's Prospect, be
fore alluded to, was delighted with the water hereabout. He
says, " it is farr different from the waters of England, being not
so sharp but of a fatter substance, and of a more jettie color;
it is thought there can be no better water in the world ; yet dare
I not prefer it before good beere, as some have done ; but any
man wiU choose it before bad beere, whey, or buttermilk."]
There are several fine springs at Nahant, particulariy North
Spring, which is remarkably cold, flowing from an aperture
beneath a cliff, into which the sun never shines, [See page
63, for notice of recent improvements in this neighborhood.]
One of the eariy inhabitants of Nahant, having a violent fever,
asked for water, which, as usual in such cases, was denied him ;
but, watching an opportunity, he escaped from his bed, ran half
a mUe to this spring, drank as much water as he wanted, and
immediately recovered, A curious boUing spring, caUed 'Hol
yoke Spring, surrounded by wiUows, is found in a meadow.

*OPOGEAPHT AND-*HENOMENA. 71
near the western end of Holyoke street. Another boiling
spring may be seen in the clay meadow, near the centre of Sau
gus. There is also a mineral spring in ^e western part of that
town, near the Maiden line.
[But the most noted mineral spring in this region is that
near the eastern border of the town, on the margin of Spring
Pond, whic"h lies within the limits of Salem. The waters are
impregnated with iron and sulphur, and were formerly much
esteemed fbr their good effects in scorbutic and pulmonary affec
tions. It has been popularly called the Red Spring, its waters
having a reddish hue, imparted, probably, by the iron. About
the close of century 1600, Dr. John Caspar Richter van Crown-
inscheldt, purchased the adjacent lands and settled on them,
directing his attention chiefly to farming. He was a gentleman
widely known and of good reputation. The present prominent
Crowninshield family descended from him. At his romantic
retreat eminent personages were sometimes entertained. The
celebrated Cotton Mather, among others, visited him, partook
of the waters of the spring, and in one of his elaborate works
extols their virtues. The situation is delightful. The little
lake, which has received the pretty name of Lynnmere, nestles
so cozily and smiles so brightly between the thickly wooded
hiUs that it might almost be imagined there had been a compact
that it should be shielded from the wild winds that would agitate
its bosom, in return for the refreshing exhalations it might
send up to renovate the drooping foliage. Upon the western
bank, which rises gracefuUy to a considerable height, was erect
ed, in 1810, the edifice long known as Lynn Mineral Spring
Hotel, It was a favorite summer resort ; and no inland retreat
could be more charming. There was fishing in the pond, fowl
ing in the woods, and beautiful drives in all directions,
[In 1847, Richard S, Fay, Esq,, purchased the estate and also
many acres of the adjoining territory, and made his summer
residence there. A very large number of foreign trees have
been planted; England and France are represented; the Black
Forest of Germany ; and even Russia and Siberia, There is a
pleasing variety of grove and lawn, pasture and arable ground,
woodland and meadow. And altogether the landscape is one
of uncommon freshness and vigor. In traversing the grounds

72 HISTOET OP LTNN.
one is forcibly reminded of feudal days and baronial domains.
And if the ivyed walls of an ancient castle could be discerned
peering from some rocky crest across the lake, the iUusion
migjit be complete. There are various historical facts of inter
est connected with this pleasant locality, some of which will' be
alluded to under dates 1676, 1682, and 1700. At the last date
Dr. Crowninscheldt bought the estate of Elizabeth Allen, of
Salem, which must have laip near his previous purchase, and
which gave him quite an extensive area. Or else a mistake
has prevailed as to the date of his settlement here, and her
deed indicates the period of his first coming. The deed men
tions buildings, and hence the inference that there were settlers
somewhere in the vicinity of the Pond before the time of its
date. Mr. Lewis elsewhere remarks that Dr. Crowninscheldt,
who was a German, as his name indicates, was the first white
man who settled at the_ Spring, having built a cottage there,
about the year 1690 ; and adds that at the time he wrote, (1844)
several of the old apple trees, planted by him, were still stand
ing in the garden.]
Lynn furnishes an admirable study for the geologist. The
northern part of the town abounds with rocky hiUs, conjposed
of porphyry, greenstone, and sienite. Porphyry commences at
Red Rock, and passing through the town in a curve toward the
northwest, forms a range of hiUs, including High Rock, Lover's
Leap, and Sadler's Rock. The term porphyry is derived from
a Greek word signifying purple. It is composed of feldspar and
quartz, and is of various colors — purple, red, gray, brown, and
black. It gives fire with steel, and is susceptible of a high
polish ; the best specimens being very beautiful, equalling the
porphyry of the ancients. The western portion of the town
comprises ledges and hiUs of brecciated porphyry ; that is, por
phyry which has been broken into fragments, and then cemented
by a fluid.' The porphyry formation continues on through Sau
gus. Near the Pirates' Glen is a ledge, which is being disinte
grated into very coarse gravel, having the appearance of pumice
or rotten stone. Specimens of clinkstone porphyry are found,
which, when struck, give out a metaUic sound. At Lover's
Leap, and elsewhere, the porphyry seems to be subsiding into
fine hornstone. At Sadler's Rock, it is of a very delicate purple.

LYNNMERE,
Country Residence of Richard S. Fay, Esq. 1864. (See page 71.)

TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA. 73
The hills in the eastern section of the town, including the
ledges and cliffs at Swampscot, consist of a coarse-grained
greenstone, composed of hornbleiide and feldspar. In opening
these ledges, dendrites of manganese have been found, beauti
fully disposed in the form of trees and shrubs, [I have found
numbers of very fine ones, in the vicinity of Sadler's Rock;
some of them so striking as almost to induce the belief that
nature had in some mysterious way been operating by the pho
tographic process.] This tract of greenstone extends through
the town, north of the porphyry hills. In many places it is
beautifully veined with quartz, and other substances. A little
nbrth from the Iron Works, in Saugus, is a great ledge by the
roadside, with a singular vein passing through it, having the
appearance of a flight of stairs. On the eastern bank of the
river, southward, from the Iron Works, is a wild, tremendous
ledge, from which many vast fragments have fallen, and 'others
seem ready to topple on the head of the beholder.
The northern section of the town comprises fine beds of sie
nite, of a grayish color, composed of feldspar, hornblende, and
quartz. It has its name from Siena, in Egypt, It is found in
great variety, from very fine to very coarse, and is used for
building, and for mill-stones. From the presence of iron ore, it
frequently attracts the compass, and occasions much difficulty
in surveying. At one place in the Lynn woods, the north end
of the needle pointed south; and at another, it went round
forty times in a minute.
Granite occurs, but chiefly in roundish masses, or boulders,
composed of feldspar, quartz, and mica. It is not so frequent
as formerly, the best specimens having been used for building.
It is remarkable, that nearly all these boulders appear to have
been brought, by a strong flood from a considerable distance
north ; and many of them were left in very peculiar and some
times surprising positions, on the tops of the highest hiUs and
ledges. One of these, near the Salem line, rested on the angu
lar point of a rock, and was a great curiosity,, untU that rage for
destructiveness, which exists in some people, caused it to be
blown down by powder. Another boulder, fourteen feet in
diameter, weighing full one hundred and thirty tons, lay on the
very summit of the cliff next east from Sadler's Rock. It appear-
G

74 HISTOET OP XTNN.
ed to repose so loosely that a strong wind might rock it; yet
it required fifteen men, with levers, to roU it down, [And this
may have been the rock that tradition avers the enterprising
proprietor of the land had discharged from its ancient resting
place, by offering a certain quantity of rum for its. removal.
And the fifteen aUuded to may have been the jolly topers who
undertook the job. Near the foot of the hill the ponderous
mass formed an indentation that operated usefully as a reser
voir, supplying the neighborhood, for many years, with exceUent
water.] A boulder of breccia, on the boundary line between
Lynn and Saugus, rests on a ledge of breccia of a different
character, and appears to have been removed from its original
situation in the north. It is twelve feet in diameter, weighing
eighty-three tons. On this line also is a still greater curiosity —
a vast rock of greenstone, which appears to have been brought
from its bed in the north, and placed on the summit of a hill,
where it forms a very picturesque object. It was originally
sixteen feet in diameter, weighing two hundred tons ; but sev
eral large portions have been detached, either by frost or light
ning, perhaps -both. It must have been a tremendous torrent,
which could have removed rocks of such magnitude, and placed
them on such elevations, [May not such phenomena be referred
to the glacier period?] Many boulders of granite now lie on
the summit of Little Nahant. The cliffs at this place are green
stone, A conglomerate rock, or boulder of breccia, of a very
peculiar character, lies in the tide, on the south side of Little
Nahant, It is a spheroid, eighteen feet in diameter, weighing
two hundred and sixty tons. Its singular disposition of colors
renders it a great curiosity.
The western and southern portions of Great Nahant are com
posed of fine and coarse grained greenstones, and greenstone
porphyry. The hiUs and ledges on the northern side are sienite ;
and on the northeast, they are a coarse-grained greenstone,
blending into sienite. The southeastern portion is composed""
of stratified rocks of argillaceous limestone, and argUlaceous
slate, variously combined, and traversed by iminense veins of
greenstone. The rocks, in this part, present a very peculiar
appearance, both in their combination and disposition ; consist
ing of immense masses, and irregular fragments, cracked and

' TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA, ' 75
broken in every direction. Were we to suppose a portion of
one of the asteroids, in an ignited state, to have been precipita
ted through the atmosphere, from the southeast, and striking
the earth in an angle of forty degrees, to have been shissered
into an infinite number of fragments, it would probably present
the appearance which Nahant now exhibits. There must have
been some tremendous up-heaving to have produced such re
sults ; and it is not improbable that a volcano has more than
once been busy among the foundations of Nahant.
On the northern shore is a vast ledge of pure hornblende, so
very black and shining as to have deceived early voyagers and-
founders into the belief that it was a mine of iron ore, A very
curious vein of fine greenstone, two inches in thickness, passes
through this ledge, for more than two hundred feet, in a direc
tion from southeast to northwest. Eastward from this, the rock
is traversed by veins of various colors, and in different direc
tions ; evidently produced by the action of fire. The primitive
rock appears to have been strongly heated, and to have cracked
in cooling. A fissure was thus formed, through which a liquid
mass was erupted, which again heated the rock, and as it cooled,
formed another fissure in a transverse direction. This was filled
by a third substance ; a similar process followed ; and the orig
inal rock, and the preceding veins, were traversed by a fourth
formation. At Nahant are found porphyry, gneiss, and hornstone. It also
presents regular strata of foliated feldspar; and, perhaps, the
only instance in New England, in which trap rock exhibits such
parallel divisions. Here also are found jasper, chalcedony, and
agate ; with prase, prehnite, chert, chlorite, datholite, dolomite,
quartz, epidote, rhomb spar, carbonate of lime, and lignified as
bestos. At Crystal Beach are fine specimens of crystalized
corundum, probably the only locality of this mineral in the
United States. These crystals are in six-sided prisms, termin
ated by hexagonal pyramids, half an inch in diameter, and from
two to five inches in length, single and in clusters. Swallows'
Cave is composed of greenstone ; Pulpit Rock of argillaceous
slate ; Castle Rock of greenstone ; Egg Rock of compact feld
spar. Mineral teeth are formed by the fusion of pure feldspar.
In Saugus are found most of the rocks common to Lynn.

HISTOET OP LTNN,
^ere are rocks of red and green jasper, with antimony and bog
iron ore in abundance. An account of the Iron Works anciently
established here, will be found in the following pages. Lead
ore has also been discovered in the western part .of the town.
In the northern part, sulphate of iron is found. Extensive beds
of very fine clay exist near the centre of the town, which have
been wrought into pottery. In 1830, a very singular discovery
was made near the old tavern on the west of Saugus River. It
consisted of a mass of very fine and beautiful blue sand, which
lay in a hard gravel bed, about one foot below the surface.
There were about eight quarts of it. This sand has a very
sharp grit, yet it is as fine as can easily be imagined, and as
blue as the bluest pigment. Viewed through a magnifying
glass, it appears bright and sparkling, like the finest possible
particles of silver. At Lynnfield, an extensive quarry of serpen
tine has been opened.
A large portion of Lynn bears strong evidence both of allu
vial and diluvial formations. That part between the porphyry
hUls and the harbor, is chiefly composed of strata of sand, clay,
and gravel, covered by loam and soil. The clay and gravel
vary in thickness from two to fifteen feet. On tlie borders of
Saugus River are extensive tracts of salt marsh, the mud of
which is from two to twenty feet in depth ; and it is probable
that this portion was once covered by the ocean. Thei-e are
also evidences that a much larger quantity of water has at some.
time been discharged by the Saugus River ; and this accords
with an Indian tradition. Just above the Iron Works, the river
diverges toward the west; but a great vaUey continues toward
the north. Whoever is curious to trace this vaUey severaj
mUes, may be satisfied that a great flood has at some time
passed through it; and perhaps it was this torrent which
brought the boulders, and swept down the soU which now con
stitutes the bed of the marshes.
These great tracts of marsh, called by the first settlers Rum
ney Marsh, are in Lynn, Saugus, and Chelsea, They lie be
tween the porphyry hiUs and the sea, and are about a mile in
breadth, and nearly three miles in extent. The western portion
of these marshes are protected by Chelsea Beach, a long ridge
of sand which has been thrown up by the tide, and lies against

TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA. 77
their southern margin. The eastern section is defended from
the sea by the Lynn Beach, which Ues a mile distant, with the
harbor inside. Throughout this region of marsh are trunks of
great ^ trees, chiefly pines, imbedded from two to four feet be
neath the surface, and in a good state of preservation. The salt
¦roaster frequently covers these marshes from two to three feet.
Many of these trees lie in a direction from north to south, as if
they had been blown down by a strong north wind, on the spot
where they grew. But that is probably the" direction in which
they would have been deposited, if brought down by a great
northern current. Others lie in different directions. If we
suppose these trees to have grown where they now lie, we
have the. singular anomaly of a vast forest of great trees, grow
ing from two to six feet bel<ow the high tides of salt w'ater. Nor
wiU it assist, us any to suppose that this forest was protected
from the sea by a great ridge or beach ; for a, river comes down
from the north, and they must then have grown at a greater
depth beneath fresh water. The probabUity that they were
brought from their original forest by a great northern current,
is strengthened by the fact that on the west of these marshes is
a great region of mounds of sand and gravel, from twenty to
one hundred feet in height, in digging through which, portions
of trees have been found. Another fact will be interesting to
the geologist, that though all the neighboring hills are covered
with trees, these mounds, though clothed with grass, are desti
tute of foliage ; and WiUiam Wood, more than two centuries
ago, describes them as " upland grass, without tree or shrub."
An alluvion commences at Humfrey's Beach, and passes up
Stacey's Brook, beneath which is another fine stratum of clay.
In this tract are some rich peat meadows, which were formerly
ponds. The peat is a formation of decomposed vegetables, and
is dug by a kind of long spade, which cuts it in!to regular solids,
about four inches square, and two feet in length. It is then
piled and dried for fuel, and produces a constant and intense
heat. A meadow between Fayette and Chatham streets, con
tains an alluvial deposit of rich black soil, twelve feet in depth.
In digging to the depth of three feet, the trunk of a large oak
was found ; and at the depth of six feet, a stratum of leaves and
burnt wood. In various other places, the fallen trunks of great
G*

78 HISTOET OP LTNN.
trees have been found, from three to six feet below tbe surface,
with large trees growing above them. In the north part of
Lynn, and in Saugus, are several large swamps, remarkable for
the great depth of vegetable matter, and for the wonderful pres
ervation of wood in them. Many acres of these swamps have
been cleared, and several hundred cords of wood taken from
them, and charred into good coal. And still beneath these
depths appears to be a " lower deep," filled with wood partially
decayed. The whole southern section of the town, also, pre^
sents strong evidences of great geological changes. Whoever
visits Chelsea Beach, which extends westward from Lynn Har
bor, may perceive that a new beach has been thrown up, outside
the old one ; and the appearance gives great confidence in the
Indian tradition, that this beach was thrown up by a great
storm, in a single night. The Lynn Beach was once much far
ther out than at present ; and within it was a swamp, covered
by large pines and cedars, forming an isthmus from Lynn to
Nahant, The beach was thrown up against the eastern shore
of this isthmus, and a succession of great storm tides have driv
en it in, until the whole isthmus has been submerged by water
and sand. By my own surveys, I find that this beach has moved
five rods within twelve years, and now covers many acres of
marshy ground, which were on the western side. After great
stortns, portions of this marsh, covered by the stumps of trees,
frequently appear on the eastern side.* This beach has been so
much injured, there is reason to apprehend that the' tides may
sweep over and destroy it. Such an event is greatly to be
deprecated, both as it regards. its beauty and utility; for the
existence of the harbor depends on its durability. If the plan
be completed, which I proposed, of making a barrier of cedar,
it may be saved. I hope that public spirit enough may be found,
to preserve this great natural curiosity for the admiration of
future generations, [The sagacity of these observations was
soon verified. See under date 1851.]
Most of the trees and plants common to New England, are
found at Lynn, and some which are rare and valuable. The
principal trees are white and pitch pine, white and red cedar,
oak, walnut, maple, birch and hemlock. One of the most com
mon shrubs is the barberry, the root of which is used in dyeing
I

TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA. 78
yellow, and tha fruit is an excellent preserve. [Tbe barberry
is an exotic, called, in England, the pepperidge bush. The early
settlers introduced some plants for which after generations had
no cause to be thankful. Among them were the white-weed
and wood-wax. But the barberry seems to hold a doubtful
rank. As Mr. Lewis remarks, its root ia, useful in. dyeing, and
its fruit affords an agreeable preserve. But its prevalence in
pasture lands was found to be highly detrimental, insomuch that
the law interposed, a hundred years ago, to check its increase.
It however requires such a peculiarity of soil that to this day it
has not spread over a great extent of territory. Even in most
parts of Massachusetts a barberry bush was never seen.] _ Many
tons of sumach are annuaUy gathered, and used in the manufac
ture of morocco leather. Whortleberries are very plenty in
the pastures and many hundred bushels are annuaUy gathered.
Blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, and cranberries, are also,
common. Tbe forests, fields, and /meadows, are rich in the
abundance and variety of medicinal plants, and the town presents
a fine field for the botanist. [William Wood, while taking a
botanical survey, was so elated as to find plain prase insufficient
for his occasion, and therefore called in the aid of poetry, after
this manner :
Trees both in hills and plaines, in plenty be,
The long liv'd Oake, and mournful Cypris tree,
Skie-towering Pines, and Chesnuts coated rough.
The lasting Cedar, with the Walnut tough ;
The rosin-dropping Fut for masts in use ;
The boatmen seeke for oai-es, light, neat grown Sprewse,
The brittle Ash, the ever-trembUng Aspes,
The broad-spread Ehne, whose concave harbors, waspes ;
The water-spoBgie Alder, good for nought.
Small Eldeme by th' Indian Fletchers sought,
The knottie Maple, pallid Birtch, Hawthornes,
The Hombound tree that to be cloven scornes,
"Which, from the tender "Vine oft takes its spouse.
Who twinds imbracing armes about his boughes;
Within this Indian Orchard fruits be some.
The ruddie Cherrie and the jettie Plumbe,
Snake murthering HazeU, with sweet Saxaphrage,
"Whose spm^es in beere allays hot fevers rage,
The diars [dyer's] Shumach, with more trees there be,
That are both good to use aijd rare to see.J

80 HISTOET OF LTNN.
Great numbers of wild birds, of almost every kind, frequent
the woods and waters of Lynn. N'umerous sea-fowl afford
amusement to the sportsman ; and/there is scarcely a bird com
mon to North America, which does not, at some season of the
year, gratify our ears with its song, or delight our eyes by its
plumage. A great variety of fishes, also, are found in the
waters. Haddock, halibut, cod, bass, and mackerel, are taken
in abundance in boats ; and nippers and tautog are caught by
dozens, with hook and line, from the cliffs of Nahant. Hun
dreds, and sometimes thousands of lobsters are daily taken, in
the proper season, by traps which are set around the shores ;
and alewives in abundance are caught in the streams in the
month of May. To give a particular description of all the
animal and vegetable productions, would be to write a volume.
in the coves around Nahant, that very singular vegetable animal,
called the sea-anemone, or rose-fish, is found. They grow on
the rocks in the deep pools, and when extended, are from six
to eight inches in length, furnished with antenna, or feelers,
which they put out to seek for their fo'od ; but if touched, they
shrink close to the rock, and remain folded like a rose. On
summer evenings, the meadows exhibit a beautiful appearance,
being illuminated by thousands of fire-flies, which appear to
take ineffable delight in enlivening the gloom by their phospho
ric radiance. One of them in a dark room, wiU emit sufficient
light to read the finest print.
Some portions of the soil are very fertUe, but generally it is
rather hard and acidulous. The pastures produce barberries,
the woodlands grapes ; the meadows are filled with cranberries,
the marshes with^ samphire ; and the fields, when neglected, run
into sorrel. Much dependence is placed upon sea weeds for
the enrichment of the lands ; but the soU would be much more
permanently improved by the rich mud from the bed of the
harbor,
I The climate of Lynn is generally healthy, but the prevalence
of east winds is a subject of complaint for invalids, especially
those afflicted with pulmonary disorders. That these ^^inds are
not generally detrimental to health is evident from the fact, that
the people of Nahant, surrounded by the sea, and sul}ject to aU
its breezes, are unusually healthy. From some cause, however.

TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA, 81
there are a great number of deaths by consumption. Formerly,
a death by this disease was a rare occurrence, and then the in
dividual was ill for many years, and the subjects were usuaUy
aged persons. In 1727, when a young man died of consumption
at the age of nineteen, it was noticed as a remarkable circum
stance ; but now, young people frequently die of that disease
after an illness of a few months. Of three hundred and sixteen
persons, whose deaths were noticed in the First Parish for about
twenty years previous to 1824, a hundred and twelve were the
subjects of consumption ; and in some years since, more than
half the deaths have been occasioned by that insidious malady.
There is something improper and unnatural in this. It is doubt
less owing to the habits of the people, to their confinement in
close rooms, over hot stoves, and to their want of exercise, free
air, and ablution. It is owing to their violation of some of' the
great laws of nature. To one accustomed, as I have always
been, to ramble by the sea shore, and on the hill top, to breathe
the ocean wind and the mountain air, this close confinement of
the shops would be a living death. Were it not for the social
intercourse, I would as soon be confined in a prison cell as in a
room twelve feet square, with a hot stove, and six or eight per
sons breathing the heated air over and over again, long after it is
rendered unfit to sustain life. If mechanics find it convenient
to work together in shops, they should build them longer and
higher, and have them well ventilated. The subject of bathing,
too, requires more attention. There are many people in Lynn,
as there are in all other places, who never washed themselves all
over in their lives, and who would as soon think of taking a
jjourney through the air in a balloon, as of going under water.
How they contrive to exist I cannot imagine ; they certainly do
not exist in the highest degree of happiness, if happiness con
sists in the enjoyment of that free and buoyant mind which is
nourished by pure air and clean water. Some of these water
haters, a few years since made a law, that boys should not bathe
in sight of any house; yet they have furnished no bathing
houses ; and there are no secluded places, excepting where the
lives of chUdren would be endangered. Thus they not only
refuse to bathe themselves, but prevent the young, by a heavy
penalty, from enjoying one of the purest blessings and highest
6

82 mSTOET OP LTNN.
luxuries of existence. Perhaps nothing is more conducive to
health than sea bathing. I do not wish for a return of the
" olden time," with all its errors and absurdities, but I do desir^
a return to that simplicity which is born of piirity.
The climate here is subject to sudden changes, and great
extremes of heat and cold, being strangely mixed up witli beau
tiful sunlight and horrid storms, moonshiny evenings and long
days of cold rain, bright blue sky and impenetrable fogs. Eu
ropean poets tell us of the charms of May, and the song of the
nightingale; our pleasant month is June, and the ¦whip-poor-
will is our bird of love. The months of June, July, and August
are usuaUy delightful ; and in October and November we have
the Indian summer. The temperature is then soft and agreea
ble, and a pleasing haze fills the atmosphere. Sometimes the
sky is " darkly, deeply, beautifully bluB ;" and sunset is often
so gorgeously glorious, that the art of the painter cannot por
tray it. The months of May and September usually abound
with chilly rain storms, and dismal, drizzly days. After these
succeed the two pleasantest portions of the year. The cold
season continues from December to April, and we have snow
in each of these months, from three inches to three feet in
depth. As winter approaches, the forests are arrayed in the
most splendid and beautiful colors; exhibiting ahnost every
variety of shade, from pale green, and dark brown, to bright
yellow and deep scariet. Not only are single leaves thus col
ored, but whole trees and masses of foliage are vividly tinctured
with the most pleasing and variegated hues. [Many stiU sup
pose that these beautiful changes are produced by frost. But
observation shows that they are caused by the ripening of the
foliage. In some species of vegetation the change commences
much eariier than in other. The white maple usuaUy appears
in its gorgeous apparel weeks before the frosts come ; and the
same may be said of the white birch and the woodbine.] In
winter, the weather is often, for many days together, exceed
ingly cold, and the moonlight most intensely brilliant.
The unequal refraction of the atmosphere frequently occasions
peculiar and curious appearances on the water. Sometimes the
sun, when it rises through a dense atmosphere, appears greatly
elongated m its vertical diameter. Presently it appears double.

TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA. 83
the two parts being connected together by a neck. At length
two suns are distinctly seen ; the refracted sun appearing wholly
above the water, before the true sun has risen. I have repeat
edly seen and admired this surprising and exceedingly beautiful
phenomenon. Some critics, because Pentheus saw two suns
rising over Thebes, have drawn the inference that he could not
have been a member of tbe temperance society ; but his vision
might have been merely assisted by refraction :
He saw two suns, and double Thebes appear. — Dktden's "Virgu,.
This mirage, or loom, .frequently causes Nahant, Egg Rock, and
vessels on the coast, to appear nearly twice their natural height,
and sometimes to seem actuaUy elevated in the air, so as to
leave a space beneath them. Portions of the south shore, also,
which are commonly invisible^ appear plainly in sight. It was
undoubtedly this effect of the mirage which occasioned the
story, of the- Phantom Ship at New Haven, and the Flying
Dutchman. The temperature of Nahant, being moderated by sea-breezes,
so as to be cooler in summer and milder -in winter, than the
main land, is regarded as being highly conducive to health. It
is delightM in summer to ramble round this romantic peninsula,
and to examine at leisure its interesting curiosities — to hear
the waves rippling the colored pebbles of the beaches, and see
them gliding over the projecting ledges in fanciful cascades —
to behold the plovers and sand-pipers running along the beaches,
the seal slumbering upon the outer rodks, the white gulls soaring
overhead, the porpoises pursuing their rude gambols along the
shore, and the curlew, the loon, the black duck and the coot —
the brant with his dappled neck, and the oldwife with her
strange, wild, vocal melody, swimming gracefully in the coves,
and rising and sinking with the swell of the tide. The moon
light evenings here are exceedingly lovely; and the phosphoric
radiance of the billows, in dark nights, making the waters look
like a sea of fire — exhibits a scene of wonderful beauty.
[In its more distinguishing features, our sea-shore region
suffers little change in the progress of time. In most places, as
years roll on, population increases, and the devastating hand
of man is constantly changing the aspect of things, so that the
admired scenes of one decade of years are known only as pleasant

84

HISTOET OP LTNN.

memories in the next. Even here, however, are some evidences
of the success of the general conspiracy against nature, . The
birds, to which Mr, Lewis so often and so fondly alludes, have
almost entirely disappeared ; and he who would come hither for
sea-fowling wUl be likely to find his only reward in that moral
discipline which is the effect of disappointed expectation, A sol
itary note is now and then heard, it is true ; but it is more like
the wail of a vexed spirit than the joyous outpouring of happy
life. But the rugged battlements of rock, and the glistening
beaches, remain as they were in the days of the early visitors.
And above aU, old ocean sustains his integrity — whether .calmly
sleeping in the summer sunshine, raving in the winter storm, or
rolling dreamily beneath the ruling moon.]

1^"! ^ -. 3-1- 'yvj- * *!

^JS--

., " ¦¦ J • ¦ '-

A-*. '

MOONXIGHT VIEW AT NAHANT.
But, however delightful Nahant may appear in summer, it is
surpassed by the grandeur and subUmity of a winter storm.
When the strong east wind has been sweeping over the Atlantic
for several days, and the biUows, wrought up to fury, are foam
ing along like living mountains — breaking upon the precipitous
chffs — dashmg mto the rough gorges — thundering in the sub-
terranean caverns of rock, and throwing the white foam and

TOPOGEAPHT AND PHENOMENA. 85
spray, like vast columns of smoke, hundreds of feet into the air,
above the tallest cliffs — an appearance is presented which tbe
wUdest imagination cannot surpass. Then the ocean — checked
in its headlong career by a simple bar of sand — as if mad with
its detention, roars like protected thunder ; and the wild sea
birds, borne along by the furious waters are dashed to death
against the cliffs ! .Standing at such an hour upon the rocks, I
have seen the waves bend bars of iron, an inch in diameter,
double — float rocks of granite, sixteen feet in length, as if they
were timbers of wood -^ and the wind, seizing the white gull in
its irresistible embrace, bear ber, struggling and shrieking, many
miles into Lynn woods ! In summer, a day at Nahant is delight
ful — but a storm in winter is glorious I
[The grand and picturesque scenery in and about Lynn was
early brought to notice, and hither have long been attracted
the learned, and the most refined of Nature's devotees. The
historian and poet have delighted to wander amid the woods
that wave and whisper on our sunny hills, and clamber among
the ocean-worn battlements that guard our shores. Within these
pleasant borders have they loved , to ptirsue their favorite
studies ; and, we may fondly believe, some of the most sterling
works that adorn the Uterature of the age have here received
the inspiration that the magnificent and beautiful in nature
always impart to the cultivated mind. At Nahant, in his pic
turesque home, just above the resounding arches of Swallow's
Cave, Prescott labored on the glowing pages of his Ferdinand
and Isabella, and his Conquest of Mexico ; and at his residence
on Ocean street, in Lynn, he wrote the thrilling chapters of
Philip the Second, At Nahant, also, in the modest mansion
of Mrs, Hood, in the evening sbade of the decrepit wUlows that
yet stand in front of Whitney's tavern, Mottey spent many and
many a quiet hour in the preparatory studies of his great "His
tory of the Dutch Republic, And the learned Agassiz stiU
delights, year by year, to come hither and in quietude explore
the mysterious and contemplate the beautiful in nature. At
the unostentatious homestead of Jonathan Johnson, LongfeUow
produced many of the charming strains of his world-renowned
Hiawatha ; and there, also, he wrote his Ladder of Saint Augus-
¦ tine. And WUlis says, " Some of my eariiest and raciest enjoy-
H

86 HISTOET OP LTNN.
ments, both of driving and writing, were spent at Nahant." Nor
should it be forgotten that the learned Felton loved to retire
from the haUs of Harvard, and here breathe the invigorating air
and bathe in the renovating waters. And as he, in declining
life, found here a delightful field af recreation, so in youth he
found among the rough hills of Saugus, a field of homely toil.
In 1815, when a boy, he came, with his father's family, to the
corner of Chelsea which belonged, as a parish, to Saugus, the
father filUng the humble office of toll-gatherer on Newburypoit
turnpike. In winters, young Felton went to the town schools
of Saugus, with one or two exceptions. One winter he attended
the school of Miss Cheever, and another, that of Rev. Joseph
Emerson. At other times he worked at farming. One season
he part of the time rode plough horses at twenty-five cents a,
day. Subsequently, he went to school, one quarter, to Mr;
Thatcher, formerly minister of the first parish of Lynn, whd
then taught a private school at Maiden, There he studied
Latin and read novels till the excitement threw him into a
fever that nearly proved fatal. He afterward went one quartet
to Bradford Academy, Early in the summer of 182^, he went
to Mr, Putnam's, at North Andover, intending to remain only
one quarter. But Mr. Putnam, finding him a lad of great prom
ise, urged him, though very poor, to persevere for the attainment
of a coUege education. He struggled on. And we finally be
hold him the revered head of the first university in the land.]
SHOES AND SHOEMAKING.
Ladies' Shoes began to be made in Lynn at a very early
period ; and that business has long been the principal occupa
tion of the inhabitants, Shoemaking is a very ancient and
respectable employment, for we read in Homer, of princes man
ufacturing their own shoes. They have been made of various
materials — hides, flax, silk, cloth, wood, iron, sUver, and gold —
and m great variety of shape, plain and ornamental. Among
the Jews they were made of leather, linen, and wood. Soldiers
wore them of brass and iron, tied with thongs. To put off the
shoes was an arct of veneration. The Asiatics and Egyptians
wore shoes made of the bark of the papyrus. Among the
Greeks, the shoe generally reached to the mid-leg, like what

SHOES AND shoemaking. 87
we now call bootees. Ladies, as a mark of distinction, wore
sandals — a sort of loose shoe, something like a modern slipper.
Xenopbon relates that the ten thousand Greeks, who foUowed
young pyrus, wanting shoes in their retreat, covered their feet
with raw hides, which occasioned them great injury. The Ro
man shoes were of two kinds — the ccdceus, which covered the
whole foot ; and the splea, which covered only the sole, and was
fastened with thongs. Ladies of rank wore white, and some
times red shoes ; other women wore black. The shoes of some
of the Roman emperors were enriched with precious stones.
It was generally regarded as a mark of effeminacy for men to
wear shoes. Phocion, Cato, and other noble Romans, had no
covering for their feet when they appeared in public. In the
ninth and tenth centuries, the greatest princes of Europe wore
wooden shoes, or wooden soles fastened with leather thongs.
In the eleventh century, the upper part of the shoe was made
of leather, and the sole of wood.
The ^xons wore shoes, or $coh, with thongs. Bede's account
of Ciithbert is curious. He says : " When the saint had washed
the feet of those who came to him, they compelled him to take
off his own shoes, that his feet might also be made clean ; for
so little did he attend to his bodily appearance, that he often
kept his shoes, which were of leather, on his feet for several
months together." (Bede, Vit. Cuthbert, p. 243.) [In an old
Saxon Dialogue a shoemaker says he makes " swyfflers, sceos,
and leather hose."]
In the Dialogues of Elfric, composed to instruct the Anglo
Saxon youth in Latin, we find that the shoemaker had a very
comprehensive trade. " My craft is very useful and necessary
to you. I buy hides and skins, and prepare them by my art,
and make of them shoes of various kinds, and none of you can
winter without my craft." Among the articles which he fabri
cates, he mentions — ancle leathers, shoes, leather hose, bridle
! thongs, trappings leather bottles, flasks, halters, pouches and
waUets. (Turner's Hist. Anglo Saxons, 3, 111.)
In the year 1090, in the reign of WiUiam Rufus, the great
dandy Robert was called the horned, because he wore shoes
with long points, stuffed, turned up, and twisted like horns.
These kind of shoes became fashionable, and the toes continued

88 HISTOET OP LTNN.

to increase in extent, untU, in the time of Richard IL, in 1390,
they had attained such an enormous extent as to be fastened to
the garter by a chain of silver or gold. The clergy declaimed
vehemently against this extravagance ; but the fashion contin
ued, even for several centuries. In the year 1463, the Parlia
ment of England passed an act prohibiting shoes with pikes
more than two inches in length, under penalties to maker and
wearer ; and those who would not comply were declared excom
municate. Even at a late period shoes were twice the length
of the foot, or so long as " to prevent kneeling in devotion at
God's house." In the year 1555, a company of Cordwainers was
incorporated in old Boston, England. By their charter, it was
ordered, " That ho person shall set up, within the said borough,
as Cordwainers, until such time as they can sufficiently cut and
make a boot or shoe, to be adjudged by the wardens . . . that
if any foreigner, or person who did not serve his apprenticeship
in the said borough, shall be admitted to his freedom, be shall
then pay to the wardens £B 2s. 8d . . . and that no feUow of
this corporation, his journeyman or servant, shaU work on the
Sabbath day, feither in town or country." (Thompson's Hist.
Boston, Eng., p. 82.)
Shoes in their present form came into use in the year 1633, a
short time after the first settlement of this country. The first
shoemakers known at Lynn, were PhUip Kertland and Edmund
Bridges, both of whom came over in 1635. [For facts concern
ing them see under that date.] The business gradually increas
ed with the increase of inhabitants ; and many of the farmers,
who worked in the fields in the summer, made shoes in their
shops in the winter. The papers relating to the Corporation
of Shoemakers, mentioned by Johnson, in 1651, are unfortu
nately lost ; having probably been destroyed by the mob in 1765.
As the first settiers introduced many of their customs' from
England, the privUeges were probably similar to those conferred,
in 1555, on the Cordwainers of old Boston.
The term Cordwainer, as a designation of this craft, has long
usurped the place, of Ladies' Shoemaker. This word had its
origin from Cordova, a city in the south of Spain, where a pecu-
har kind of leather was manufactured for ladies' shoes. The
word in the Spanish is Cordoban ; in the Portuguese, Cordovan ;

SHOES AND SHOEMAKDSG. 89
1
and in the French, Cordouan ; whence the term Oordouaniers,
or Cordwainers. [Cordwinder, by the way, is the sh^pe in
which the term appears in the first Colony Charter. The Cor
dovan leather was tanned and dressed goat skin. Members of
the craft are sometimes called Sons of Crispin. And this arose
from the honor done the caUing by that worthy. Several of
the societies of shoemakers, in France and England, early adopt
ed g^d Crispin as their patron.] In the eighth ceiitury, the
descendants of Alaric, in revenge at being passed by in the
choice of a king, called the Arabians to their aid. They came,
and Roderic, the last of the Goths, feU in the seven days' battle,
at Tarik, in 711. In 756, Abderrhaman made himself master
of Spain, and established his caliphate at Cordova. During the
Arabian power, agriculture, commerce, the arts and sciences,
flourished in Spain ; and in that period, the celebrated Cordova
leather was introduced. It was similar to what is now known
as morocco, and was altogether superior to any thing which had
been previously used for the tnanufacture of ladies' shoes, It
was at first colored black, and afterward red, by the use of
cochineal. [The names of the first two shoemakers in the Massachusetts
colony appear in the foUowing extract from the Second General
Letter of the Governor and Deputy of the New England Com
pany, dated London, 28 May, 1629, which may be found in the
Col. Recs. vol. I, pp. 404, 405. And the extract may prove addi
tionally interesting, as explaining, to some extent, the condition
and position of that class of craftsmen. But- would not one
of our extensive manufacturers now think that , the time when
" divers hydes, both for soles and vpp leathers," with two men
to work them " vpp in bbotes and shoes," were sufficient for
the country, was a day of rather small things ?
Thomas Beard, a shoomaker, and Isack Rickman, being both recomended
to VB by Mr Symon "Whetcombe to receive their dyett & houseroome at the
charge of the Companie, wee haue agreed they shalbe yr^^ yo^, the Gouno"",
or placed elsewhere, as yo^ shall thinke good, and receive from yo'^, or by yo'
appointmt, their dyett & lodging, for w"** they are to pay, each of them, after
the rate of 10£ p ann. And wee desire to receive a certificate, vnder the hand
of whomsoever they shalbe soe dyetted & lodged vf"", how long tyme they
haue remained w** them, in case they shall otherwise dispose of themselues
before the yeare bee expired, or at least wise ai the end of each yeare, to the
H*

90 mSTOBY OE LTNN.
end wee may heere receive paym* according to the s* agieem*. The said Tho :
Beard hath in the shipp the May Flower divers hydes, both for soles and vpp
leatbers, yT'^ hee intends to make vpp in bootes and shoes there in the coun
try. Wee pray yo^ let M' Peirce, the m'^ of the said shipp, viewe the said
leather, & estimate what tonnage the same may import, that soe the said
Beard may ether pay vnto yo^ tiiere after the rate of 4£ p tonn for fraight of
the same, the lik^ for his dyett if there bee occasion to vse any of his coinodi-
tiea, or otherwise, vpon yoi^ advice, wee may receive, it of M' Whetcombe, who
hath promised to see the same discharged. Wee desire also the saidlTho :
Beard may haue 50 acres of land allotted to him as one that transports him
selfe at his owne charge. But as well for him as all others that shall haue
land allotted to them in that kinde, and are noe adventurers in the comon
stock,- w"'' is to support the charge of flfbrtyficacons, as also for the ministrie
& divers other afifaires, wee holde it fitt that these kinde of men, as also such
as shall come to inheritt lands by their service, should, by way of acknowl-
edgm* to such from whom they receive these lands, become lyable to the
pformance of some service certaine dayes in the yeare, and by that service
they and their posteritie after them to hold and inherite these lands, w*''' wilbe
a good meanes to enjoy their lands from being held in capite, and to support
the plantacon ip genall and peticuler,
[This extract also gives a glimpse of the nature of the tenure
by -which it was desired that the class to which Mr. Beard
belonged, should hold their lands. There was nothing very
democratic in it. Of Isaac Rickman, the other shoemaker who
came oyer in the fleet, nothing seems to be known. He proba
bly returned in a short time. Mr. Beard was made a freeman,
10 May, 1643, and soon after purchased an estate at Strawberry
B?.nk, now Portsmouth, where he probably settled.]
At the beginning, women's shoes at Lynn, were made of
neat's leather, or woolen cloth; only they had a nicer pair, of
white silk, for the wedding day, which were carefuUy preserved,
as something too delicate for ordinary use. About the year
1670, shoes began to be cut with broad'straps, for buckles which
were worn by women as weU as by men,. In 1727, square-toed.
?hoes, and buckles for ladies, went out of fashion; though
buckles continued to be worn by men tiU after the revolution.
The sole-leather was aU worked with the flesh side out. In
1750, John Adam Dagyr, a Welchman, gave great impulse and
notoriety to the business, by producing shoes equal to the best
made in England. From that time the craft continued to flour
ish, untU it became the principal business of the town. Fathers,
sons, journeymen, and apprentices, worked together, in a shop

SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. 91
of one story in height, twelve feet square, with a fire-place in
one corner, and a cutting-board in another. The finer quality
of shoes were made with white and russet rands, stitched very
fine, with white waxed thread. They were made with very
sharp toes, and had wooden heels, covered with leather, from
half an inch to two inches in height ; called cross-cut, common,
court, and Wurtemburgh heels. About the year 1800, wooden
heels were discontinued, and leather heels were used instead..
[The manufacture of wooden heels was as much a separate
business as last making now is. One of the principal factories
at which they were turned out was on Boston street. I think j
they did not go out of use quite so early as would be supposed '
from the date Mr. Lewis gives.] In 1783, Mr. Ebenezer Breed
iutroduced the use of morocco leather ; and at the commence^
ment of the present century, two of the principal shoe manufac
turers, were Mr. Amos Rhodes and Col. Samuel Brimblecom.
Many shoemakers have become eminent. Nilant has a book
on shoes. Hans Sack wrote fifty volumes of prose. Bloom-
field composed that delightful 'poem, the Farmer's Boy, while at
work on his bench, and wrote it down when he had finished the
labor of the day. WiUiam Gifford, the editor of the London
Quarteriy Review, and the translator of Juvenal, served his
apprenticeship with a cordwainer, John Pounds, of Portsmonthj
while engaged in his daily work, contrived to educate some
hundreds of the neighboring children. [Linnaeus,, the great
botanical classifier, was apprenticed to a shoemaker. And so
was David Parens, the elder, celebrated as pi-ofessor of theology
at Heidelburgh. Benedict Baudouin, one of the most learned
men of century 1500, was a shoemaker. And so was Holcraft,
author of Tbe Critic] In our own country, Roger Sherman, one
of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, was a shoe
maker ; and John G. Whittier left the manufacture of shoes for
ladies' feet, to make verses for their boudoirs. [But it would,
perhaps, be quite as profitable to cast an observing eye upon
those born in our own community, who have risen from the
shoemaker's seat to positions conspicuous and honorable. Lynn
can present numerous examples most worthy of imitation. It
is, however, important to distinguish between those whose
claims rest on mere wealth, which is frequently attained *by the

92 HISTOET OP LTNN.
most ignorant and undeserving, and those who possess that
which is really ennobling — between those whose minds expand
not beyond the circumference of a doUar and those who, by
God's grace, are more richly endowed.]
Poets, in aU ages, have noticed the shoe as an imp6rtant part
of the dress, especially of a lady. Shakspeare bestows an ex
quisite compliment on the dressing of the foot, when he says —
"Nay — her foot speaks."
Butler, in his Hudibras, makes the hero of that inimitable poem
pay his devours to his lady-love,, in the following terms —
"Madam! I do, as is my duty.
Honor the shadow of your shoe-tie !"
A certain critic, of more learning than good sense, once under
took to bestow an unusual quantity of censure on two of our
own lines, in the description of a lady's person —
" But if one grace might more attention suit,
It was the striking neatness ofher foot."
Now we think that every reader of good taste will agree with
us, at least in admiring. the idea which these lines are intended
to convey.
Genteel Reader — for I trust I shaU have many such — are
,you aware that you are now perhaps trampling the industry of
Lynn beneath your feet 1 How often are we indebted to those
of whom we think least, for many of our most valuable and
salutary enjoyments. Look at that young lady, who might be
taken by Brackett as a model for one of the graces, reclining in
an easy-chair, with her foot upon an ottoman. See the delicate
shoe which fits as if it were formed by the hand of Apelles !
Shakspeare, in his Romeo and Juliet, says — "I would I were a
glove upon that hand ! " , How often have I wished — « 0, would
I were a shoe upon that foot !" Perhaps, neither she who" dis
plays that elegant foot, nor the. many who admire it, think
that much of its grace is to be ascribed to some unknown indi
vidual on the shores of Lynn, Yet there, by the sound of the
ripphng waters, are thousands of men employed in manufactur
mg all manner of outer vestures for the deUcate foot, and as
many women engaged in. binding and trimming them. There
the bell^ of the city may suit both her form and taste with the
newest and most delicately fo«-med style, either for the boudoir

ANCIENT FBEET — EOADS — lEON WOEKS. 93
or ball-room, with its classic shape and its Parisian titie — there
the rustic maid may procure the laced buskin which shaU add
a new grace to her modest beauty — and there the mother may
find the substantial fabric, adapted to domestic comfort for her
own foot; or the soft tissue, with its congenial trimming of
gossamer and gold, for the foot of her loved little one. So long
as the foot needs to be protected, so long wUl the manufactures
of Lynn continue to flourish.
ANCIENT PEEET — EOADS — lEON WOEKS,
[Conveniences for travel are matters of the first importance
in aU new settlements. And of course our fathers soon directed
their attention to the securing of means for communication be
tween different parts of their own wide-spread plantation and
with the adjacent settlements.
[At times, vigorous discussions have taken place as to the
particular course of the early routes from Lynn to Boston. It
should be remembered- that water communication was much
favored by the early settlers, for land journeys over the primi
tive roads, in such a rough country, were excessively fatiguing,
and to an extent dangerous. And besides the obstacles of rock,
stump, and quagmire, there long existed an apprehension that
ravenous beasts and serpents would dispute the way. An ac
credited tradition is mentioned in Felt's Annals, to the effect
that certain persons from Salem visited Boston soon after its
settlement and were four days on the road. On the next Sun
day after their return they had a note of thanks, for their safe
deliverance from the perils and hardships of the journey, read
at the meeting-house. For the crossing of creeks and rivers,
and for inconsiderable coast voyaging, the Indian canoes were
sufficient ; and attention was early called to the construction of
shallops suitable for more extended navigation. It is very
likely that j)assengers were taken to Boston from a point in the
vicinity of Sagamore Hill, as well as from points as far west as
Saugus river. In good weather the passage was pleasant, and
with a fair wind by no means tedious. But a land route must
have been very soon established, for the water communication
was liable to be interrupted by ice in winter, and rendered haz
ardous and subject to delays by storms and adverse winds, more

94 HISTOET OF LTNN.
or less, at all times. In 1639 the Greheral Court granted to Gar
ret Spencer " the fferry at Linn, for 2 yeares." And this was no
doubt a ferry estabUshed between Needham's Landing, just be
low Chase's miU, in Lynn, and Ballard's Landing, in East Saugus,
and was a very great convenience for passengers to and from
Boston. [It is not easy to determine exactly the direction which the
first road took. And it is highly probable that before the bridge
over Saugus river was built, two or three routes from settled
parts of the town, to fording places, existed ; nor is it improba
ble that these were struck out almost simultaneously.
[I am satisfied, from examination, that one of the most ancient.
of these routes was along the foot of the hUls, north of Boston
street. From the northern termination of Federal street it fol
lowed Walnut to the bend where Holyoke joins. Thence it
proceeded, by Holyoke street, along the margin of what was
formerly called Pan Swamp, a comparatively waste territory,
though making some pretension to the dignity of a cranberry
meadow; but which has been reclaimed and now forms the
beautiful interval lying on the north of the street last named.
It foUowed the upland curve, crossed the busy little stream
called Beaver Brook, and, passing perhaps a furlong west of
the late farm residence of Blev. C. C, Shackford, came out at the
point where the road leading to the Saugus woolen factories
diverges from the old highway between Lynn and Lynnfield.
There this ancient way, without following either of the present
roads, kept on to a fording place considerably above the roman
tic site which was subsequently occupied by the Iron Works,
so famous in early colonial history. And from the fording place,
it probably swept off for Boston through the vicinage of Maiden
and Medford. Into this road, undoubtedly, at different points,
other roads from the scattered neighborhoods of Lynn entered.
In support of the belief that an ancient and important way pur
sued the direction here indicated, it may be mentioned that
some of the first and most prominent settlers are found to have
located along the course. Richard Sadler, one of the very early
comers, and who was the first Clerk of the Writs — an official
with duties somewhat analogous to those of Town Clerk  lived
just at the junction of Walnut and Holyoke streets —the lofty

ANCIENT FEERT — EOADS — lEON WOEKS. 95
cliff known as Sadler's Eock deriving its name from him. Nich
olas Brown, Samuel Bennett, and Adam Hawkes, who were also
among the early planters, pitched their tents considerably to
the northwest of Mr. Sadler. And it is quite certain that in the
territory above the Iron Works there were settlers whUe the
town was in its very infancy. The renowned Thomas Dextet
sat himself down there ; and the very first deed on our county
records is one given by him, in 1639. And furthermore, on a
pleasant afternoon during the last autumn, I took an opportunity
to examine almost the whole of the route from Holyoke street
to the river, and was surprised at the clear evidences of an an
cient settled way. Remains of the old wall are clearly distin
guishable, on either hand, for considerable distances, and here
and there appear sites that bear unmistakable marks of ancient
occupancy. It is perfectly plain that it was not a mere cart
way, laid out for the 'convenience of drawing wood. And
observation indicates that there may have been a branch di
verging from this road, at about the poirjt where Myrtle street
intersects Holyoke, running along under tbe hills, by Oak street,
and joining again, perhaps half a mile northwest of the old Dun
geon Gate, which was near Henry B. Newhall's farm house ; or,
possibly, continuing on to another fording place.
[But there may have been another route to Boston, as early.
The present Boston street was a traveled way soon after the
settlement commenced. When the traveler struck the river by
this route, which he must have done at a point just about where
the street now strikes it, if no means were at hand by which he
could cross, he pursued his way up, on the eastern side, the
road running along the most level upland near the river. At
a fording place he crossed, and proceeded on toward Boston,
either by coming down on the west side to a point nearly op
posite where he turned up, thus making a detour of perhaps
three miles, and th^n following a road along the margin of the
salt marshes ; or, by taking a broader and more westerly sweep
from the fording place.
[In October, 1631, Governor Winthrop, accompanied by sev
eral official dignitaries, left Boston, and traveled " on foot to
Saugus, and the next day to Salem, where they were boun
tifully entertained by Captain Endicott." And the day after

96

mSTOET OP LTNN.

" they retumed to Boston by the ford at Saugus river and so
over at Mistick,"
[It will be observed in regard to these routes, that they are
supposed to have been traveled before the establishment of the
Iron -Works, which went into operation in 1643. And the
bridge at the Boston street crossing was built about four years
before. After the bridge was completed, travelers, of course,
nearly abandoned the fording places. It is well, also, to bear
in mind that the travel, in those days, was quite limited. At
tendance on the General Court was one of the chief necessities
that called men to the metropolis. While the Iron Works were
in operation, which appears to have been, to some extent, tUi
1683, the road just spoken of as running up the east- side of the
river, from Boston street, was undoubtedly much used. The'
manufactured articles, however, were, in all probabUity, trans
ported chiefly by water ; for whoever 'takes notice of the posi
tion in which the Works stood, will* at once conclude that
convenience for loading the little vessels was a promiuent
object. [So much is said elsewhere in this volume concerning these
Iron Works that littie should be said here. It is certain that Mr,
Lewis felt k very great interest in their history. And, indeed,
the public records show that the colonial authorities deemed
their establishment a matter of great importance. On the after
noon spoken of, after carefully traversing the route up from
Boston street, through the stiU wUd and beautifully diversified
region, where one is forced at almost every step to linger and
admire, I came to a halt in the romantic vale where the old
Works were seated. Borrowing a pickaxe from one at work
in the neighborhood I lustily appUed it to one of the mounds
of scoria, or cinder banks, as they are caUed, The labor, and
object, to be sure, were humble in comparison with those of
Layard at Nineveh, but a fact of no little interest was verified.
Sufficient mould has accumulated, during these two centuries,
to sustain a respectable garniture of grass; but even the casual
passer would hardly mistake them for natural hiUocks, It is
really remarkable that in a neighborhood which has been well
populated for generations, so many tons of these relics should
remain heaped up, just as the sooty workmen left them two

ANCIENT PEEET — EOADS — lEON WOEKS. 97
hundred years ago. Certainly scores, and probably hundreds,
of tons, of those which remained nearest the river, were, how
ever, removed many years sinbe. They were boated down and
sunk at the dam at the Boston steet crossing. It was imagined
that they would form the best material for preventing the pas-
' sage of eels, which are troublesome sappers ; but they did not
prove to be of much value, StiU, as they can easily be removed
it may not be long before some other use is found for them.
The unsentim«ntal hand of improvement or speculation may be
suddenly extended, and in a day scatter them, so that a few
years hence the mining river or delving ploughshare will be
looked to for the recovery of specimens wherewith to enrich
the cabinets of the curious. Whether the Iron Works were, on
the whole, successful, it is not easy to determine; in some
respects, they undoubtedly were. A prejudice early arose
against them, founded on the singular apprehension that their
great consumption of wood might ultimately produce a scarcity
of fuel. This will hardly be belived ; yet it was so. The under
takers found themselves, from various causes, involved in pro
tracted lawsuits, and a good portion of their profits vanished
in the corrosive atmosphere of the courts. Law is expensive
as a luxury. And those who freely indulge in it may consider
themselves on the high road to ruin. Yet, as a remedial agent,
it is occasionally useful if not necessary.
[These ancient works must have presented a highly pictur
esque appearance, seated down there between the densely wood
ed hiUs, tfce smoke curling up among the trees, and at night the
red glare of the furnace fires streaming over the dark river,
lighting up the thickets beyond, and perhaps reveaUng tJie
dusky form of some skulking Indian or prowling beast; to
say nothing of the roving devils which the lively imaginations
of our good fathers discovered in every quarter where there
were pious men and women to affright and harrass. But the
Iron Works were destined before many years to have their
final account closed — the clink of the hammer ceased, the fire
of the forge went out, and the begrimmed workmen departed,
[It may be mentioned that there are traditions confirming the
existence of the old roads here spoken of, A worthy yeoman
who lives on the eastern border of Saugus, with considerable
I 7

98 HISTOET OP LTNN.
assurance informed me that the ancient mail route lay through
the strip of woods running north from Boston street and imme
diately on the east of Saugus river. He learned this from family
tradition. And it is through these woods, it will be observed,
that the old roads are supposed to have run, with the exception
of the branch by Oak street.. It is by no means unlikely that
while the Iron Works were in operation, there waa considerablei
correspondence carried on with Boston and Salem ; and it is not
at all improbable that a post-rider may have pursued that route,
delivering letters and retaihng news by the way ; for it will be
remembered that there were no newspapers in America at that
time. And when some great historical romancer shall arise, we
shall see those ancient post-riders conspicuously figiiring.
[The ferry from Needham's Landing, in Lynn, to Ballard's
Landing, in Saugus, has been already mentioned. It must have
been a great accommodation, to several neighborhoods, even
after the bridge was built. But it does not appear to have been
long kept in operation.
[Perhaps a word should be said regarding the roiites eastward*.
These are not now so easily traced, for reasons thatwUl suggest
themselves to the reader. The first, appears to have foUowed
along the foot of the hiUs, northeasterly, from the end of Fed
eral street, being, in fact, a continuation of that first described as
running through Walnut and Holyoke streets. From this, at a
later period, a branch ran through the Mineral Spring grounds,
and after pursuing a devious course probably joined another
road that came' iu' from Salem and Marblehead, through Swamps
cot and Woodend, By the record book of Salem grants, it
apjiears that that town granted "to Leiftenant davenport about
2 acres of Land lying on the west side of Butt brook, not farr
from the place where the way goeth over to Lyn," This was
in 1638, And Butt Brook took its name from a family of the
name of Butt who lived near it. It is now caUed Tapley's
Brook. ^ ¦'
[It would he interesting to say something of the highways
as they appeared in succeeding years. But perhaps sufficient
wiU appear in the following pages. Our roads, at the present
time, are quite famous for their exceUence, being broad level
and hard. And should one of the old settiers be permitted to

ANCIENT PEEET — EOADS — lEON WOEKS. 99
arise and perambiilate them, how would he be astonished at
their perfection and at the elegance of the edifices that adorn
them. But more than all would he be astonished at the variety ,
and style of the vehicles by which they are traversed, and the
multitudes of the merry sons and daughters of his sedate con
temporaries who in strange and extravagant apparel throng
them. It would be interesting, too, to trace the progress of im
provement in the modes of travel, were there not so many other
matters of seemingly more importance pressing forward for no
tice. Going back to the time when wheeled carriages were
hardly known here for purposes of mere travel, we might see
the old gentleman sally forth upon the back of plodding dobbin,
with the good dame seated upon her piUion behind him. And
years after, when population had increased sufficiently to induce
public-spirited individuals to establish conveyances for the con
venience of the public and their own profit, might be seen
awkward and rickety vehicles lumbering along, at protracted
and uncertain intervals, and at a pace, extraordinarily rapid for
the time, perhaps, but yet such as would lead the ambitious
pedestrian of our day to decline their services, if he were in
haste. Still further on appears the jolly stage-coach, which, for
so many years, held its supremacy -— at first an unseemly and
uncomfortable affair, literally a " slow coach " — and then, light,
tasty and as rapidly moving as emulous horses and aspiring
Jehus could make it. What a bright spot will the stage-coach
occupy in history — what a bright spot does it already occupy
in. poetry and romance. But the rail-road came, and with a
triumphant whistle drove it from the track. A day of reckoning,
however, may be in store for that arrogant intruder. Its gilded
sides and velvet cushions, its sleeping and its smoking cars,
may not be competent to save it from a mortifying end through
the agency of some yet uninvented traveling machine — some
wonderful offspring of art and science, that will exultingly send
it screaming away to that oblivious depot whither are dis
patched all the used-up things of earth,
[Hardly any thing has a more direct and material effect on
the prosperity of a place than the public ways. And we often
see how suddenly and essentially the laying out of a new way
affects a particular neighborhood. AH sections of Lynn had a

100 HISTOET OF LTNN.
Sprinkling of inhabitants at an early period. But for more than
a hundred and fifty years, or till the opening of the turnpike
between Boston and. Salem, in 1803, Boston street remained the
great thoroughfare. Here was the principal public house, and
the post-office ; here resided most of the leading citizens, and
here the chief business was done. But when the turnpike was
completed, the scene changed, and population and business
began to concentrate at other points. The post-office was re
moved to the southern end of Federal street, and the Common
and eastern sections were favorably affected. And the present
generation very well remember how materially the construction
of the steam rail-road, in 1838, operated in building up some
neighborhoods and damaging the prosperity of others — how
rapidly, for instance, it made the old stone walls in the vicinity
of Central Square disappear and cow pastures and gardens come
in requisition for building lots. It is fit to allude to these mat
ters in this connection, though in view of what will hereafter
be said, no extended remarks are required. Almost the whole
history of a place is involved in a history of its public ways,]
PECULIAE CUSTOMS AND DOINGS IN EELIGIOUS MATTEES,
Among the early settlers of Lynn were some persons of high
reputation, and most of them appear to have been men of good
character, and of comfortable property. There is no evidence
that any of them had abandoned the Church, or been persecuted
for their opinions, with the exception of the Rev, Stephen Bach-
iler, and the few persons in his connection. Governor Winthrop,
who came over with them, begins his journal on " Easter Mon
day," which Mr. Savage says w^s " duly honored ; " and it is
not until nearly five years after, that we catch a glimpse of his
Puritanism, when he begins to date on the " eleventh month;"
The great body of the first settiers of Massachusetts were
members of the Church of England. After they had gone
aboard the ships, they addressed a letter "To the rest of tbeir
brethren in and of the Church of England," in which they say:
"We desire you would be pleased to take notice of the princi
pals and body of our Company, as those who esteem it our honor
to caU the Church of Englandj/from whence we rise, our dear
Mother; and cannot depart from our native country where she

PECULIAR CUSTOMS AND DOINGS IN EELIGIOUS MATTEES. 101
specially resideth, without;, much . sadness of heart, and many
tears in our eyes ; ever acknowledging that such hope and part
as we have obtained in the common salvation, we have received
it from her bosom," Prince, who stands in the first rank of our
historians, says : " They had been chiefly born and brought up
in the national Church, and had, until their separation, lived in
communion with her ; their ministers had been ordained by her
bishops, and had officiated in her parish churches, and had mad©
no secession from her untU they left their native land." The
author of the Planter's Plea, printed in 1630, says: "It may be
with good assurance maintained, that at least three parts out
of four, of the men there planted, are ablei to justify themselves
to have lived in a constant course of conformity unto our Church
government," Morton, in his Memorial says, when the minis
ters were accused, " They answered for themselves ; they were
neither separatists nor anabaptists ; they did not separate from
the Church of England, nqr from the ordinances of God there ;
and the generaUty of the people did well approve of the minis
ters' answer," Backus, who had no partiality for the Church,
but who could, nevertheless, speak the truth, says : " The gov
ernor and company of the Massachusetts colony held communion
with the national church, and reflected on their brethren who
separated from her," Mr, Hubbard, who was well acquainted
with many of them, says : " They always walked in a distinct
path from the rigid separatists, nor did they ever disown the
Church of England to be a true church." The Puritans of Ply
mouth colony, were the " rigid separatists," and they continued
a separate government untU the year 1692. Some historians
have confounded these facts, and thus misled their readers.
[Had Mr. Lewis thoroughly examined and maturely consid
ered this subject, I am sure he would not have left the foregoing
just as it is; for without explanation it is likely to lead the
mind of the reader who is not acquainted with the ecclesiastical
'history of the times in some of its minuter details, to an errone
ous conclusion. Does it not appear as if he would have it un
derstood that the settiers, generally, were Episcopalians, or
'Churchmen, in the, sense now given to those terms? And that
being so, would it be impertinent to ask how it happened that
they made no attempt to establish a churchly mode of worship
I*

102 HISTOET OP LTNN.
liere, but immediately set about forming Congregational socie
ties on the broadest principles of Independency -^ how it hap
pened that they rejected the liturgy of the Church and prohib-
ited by law some of her cherished observances ? They gloried
in the name of Puritan as distinguishing from Churchman.
They levied taxes for the support of Congregational worship.
They enacted a law forbidding that any one not in regular
.standing with some Congregational church should be entitled
to vote or even be permitted to take the freeman's oath. They
re-ordained, according the Congregational form, some who had
received Episcopal ordination at home, and persecuted the few
ministers of the Church who from time to time appeared among
them and refused to recant their Episcopal vows. It is true,
that in the outset there was a marked difference between the
Plymouth and Massachusetts settlers. But that difference had
been obliterated long before the political union of 1692. And
an accomplished historian, says that. " wherever the Independ
ents possessed power, as in New England, they showed them
selves to be as intolerant as any of their opponents." If all the
inhabitants of Lynn, excepting Mr. Bachiler and his six adherents,
were Episcopalians, how happened it that they at once zeal
ously lent him their aid in forming the church here? Good
Churchmen would as soon have thought of fraternizing with
Hugh Peters as Mr. Bachiler. His ardent temperament and
remembered wrongs led him to manifest such envenomed oppo
sition, to the Church that it is not clearly seen how her devout
children could have been attracted to his fold.
[But our difficulties wiU very much lessen if we bear in mind
the fact that there for some time existed in the Church itself a
considerable Puritan element —that Episcopacy, even, for a time
was not made a test — that some high ecclesiastics were in
clined to a Presbytery, and others to Independency or Congre
gationalism. Nor was it till the vigorous arm of Laud interposed
that the integrity of the Church was restored. At the time the
Massachusetts emigration commenced there were many decided
Puritans in the Church, some of the more sanguine of whom
had probably once hoped to Puritanize her, and who were yet
fond of caUing her their " dear mother." They had not been op
pressed, and had no ground for complaint. Many of these came

PECULIAE CUSTOMS AND DOINGS IN EELIGIOUS MATTEES. 103
over with the f rigid separatists," And were it not in accord
ance with the recognized tendency of the human mind to pro
ceed to extremes w]ien it recedes from an established order, we
might well be astonished at the apparent delight some of them
took, when safely here, in heaping indignities upon the very
name of their " dear mother," It will be instructive to those
whohave never given this subject much attention, to present
an illustration or two of their seeming disposition to proceed
as far as they decently could in raising and fostering prejudices
against the Church,
[The Church had always observed Christmas as the most note
worthy festival of the year — it was the anniversary of the natal
day of the great founder of our faith — the anniversary of an
event whi'ch the very ang'els of heaven came down to celebrate —
those sinless spirits whose majestic anthem rang over the starlit
plains of Judea, and being taken up by the Church had been
continued on through all the centuries. But her " children "
here in these western wilds thought fit to turn their backs upon
her holy example. They went to the extent of forbidding, by
law, the observance of Christmas. Whoever abstained from his
ordinary labor on that day, subjected himself to the liability of
being punished for a misdemeanor.
[The Church regarded matrimony as a religious rite. They
did not elevate it to the position of a sacrament but invested it
with a peculiar sanctity. But in Massachusetts^ from an early
date, ministers were not allovfred to perform the wedding cere
mony; Magistrates and special appointees alone could discharge
the agreeable duty. It was not tUl 1686 that the present cus
tom of authorizing ministers to solemnize marriages became
established. Reducing it to the incidents of a mere civil con
tract was no doubt the occasion of divers evils. And it is not
remarkable that the effect was so long felt that even in 1719 the
Boston ministers testified that weddings were times of " riotous
irregularities." '
[The prayers for the dead and the whole burial service of the
Church were solemn and affecting. But our good fathers would
not have even prayers at funerals. The first time that such a
thing occurred in the colony, appears to have been in August,
1685. and the funeral was that of Rev, Mr, Adams of Roxbury.

104 HISTOET, OF LTNN.
And the distasteful custom was ,of very slow growth. I have,
indeed, seen it somewhere stated that a prayer was never made
at a funeral in Boston, before 1766; meaning, of course, among
such as adhered to puritanical principles. It could not, how
ever, have been exactly so, for a Boston newspaper, printed in
1730, speaking of the funeral of Mrs. Sarah Byfield says, " Be
fore carrying out the corpse, a funeral prayer was made by one
of the pastors of the Old Church, which, though a custom in the
country towns, is a singular instance in this place, but it is
wished may prove a leading example to the general practice
of so Christian and decent a custom." There was a law passed
in 1727 forbidding'funerals on Sundays, excepting in extraordi
nary cases, or by special leave. These things show how little
sanctity our Puritan fathers attached to the burial of the dead.
And, following upon this, it is found that, especially during
the first half of the last century, there was' often great parade
made at funerals, particularly those of the rich. Gloves, gold
rings, hat-bands, and mourning scarfs, were frequently presented
to those in attendance. Near friends acted as bearers, carrying
the body on a bier on the shoulders, there being relays as occa
sion required. In the procession males and females did not
walk together, but those of the sex of the deceased walked
nearest the remains. Officers with staffs and mourning badges
accompanied the procession; On the return from the grave, a
liberal entertainment was served, at which wines and intoxi
cating Uquors, pipes and tobacco were freely provided. And
too often the drinking led to shameful rioting. Could they
have been guUty of such proceedings had they first engaged in
the solemn services appointed by the Church for such affecting
occasions? Lechford, writing in 1641, says: "At burials, no
thing is read, nor any funeral sermon made, but all the neigh
borhood, or a good company of them, come together by tolling
of the bell, and carry the dead solemnly to his grave and there
stand by him while he is buried. The ministers are most com
monly present," This was written before the more extravagant
customs began to prevaU, But a most remarkable thing about
it is how those good old divines who, if they had a passion it
was for delivering sermons, could have let such golden oppor.
tunities pass unimproved.

PECULIAR CUSTOMS AND DOINGS IN RELIGIOUS MATTEES, 105
[And this leads to a remark or two concerning public worship^
The Church considered the sermon, that being merely the ex
pression of one man's views of religious truth and duty, as of
minor importance — a mere appendage to the worship. The
reading of the Scriptures, the prayers, the psalms, the anthems,
the solemn litany, formed the important part of the services.
At first, indeed, the sermons were not delivered during the
hours of worship, but at "different times, of which notice was
given. And though it was censurable not to attend worship,
absence at sermon-time was no ground for formal complaint —
excepting, perhaps, in the mind of the preacher himself. But
those docile children of that " dear mother," when they found
themselves safe in this western Canaan just reversedj matters.
•They made the sermon the leading feature at the sanctuary,
which they preferred to call a meeting-house, rather than a
church, and reduced the little semblance of worship they re
tained, to a mere appendage to the sermon. The Congrega
tional societies of the present day have widely departed^ in
almost every respect, from the usages of those of earlier time.
But is it not true that, as a general rule, they still adhere to the
old way of giving the sermon an undue prominence — of^making
their sanctuaries rather houses of preaching than houses of
prayer or places of worship ? Without a liturgy, it is perhaps
difficult, if not impossible, to satisfactorily obviate this. It
seems almost necessarily to foUow from the Congregational
mode — from all modes where the extemporary element prevails
and the worship cannot be responsive. A new order of things
scQms, however, to be slowly coming about. Some societies,
feeling a pressing need, have recently instituted the vesper
service, as it is called, and a few others have actuaUy adopted
liturgies. [It appears by a writer who will presently be quoted, that
they did not always have even a prayer at their Sunday services.
And the Bible was not read. Such a thing as the reading of the
Bible in a New England Congregational meeting-house was hard
ly known before the first part of the last century, save in a few
instances, where the ministers, having been bred in the Church,
could not bring their minds at once to dispense with what
they had been taftght was a matter of the first importance. As

106 HISTOET OP LTNN.
early as 1699^ however. Rev. Mr, Colman, of Boston, read it in
his church. And he even repeated the Lord's prayer, after an
introductory one of his own. But many were strongly preju
diced against his innovations. The Ratio Disciplinae says that
in 1726, the practice of reading the sacred volume had obtained
in many churches without giving offence. It does not appear
when the Scriptures began to be read in the church at Lynn,
But the First Church of Salem adopted the custom in 1736, It
was not, however, tUl many years after, that the other churches
of that place foUowed her good example — the Tabernacle in
1804 and the South Church in 1806. The neighboring church
bf Medford, in 1759, voted " to read the Scriptures in the con
gregation." Mr. Holmes thus remarks, 1720, in relation to the
discontinuance of the reading of the Bible at public worship by
the Puritan churches: "Why this practice should be discontinued
by any of the disciples of Jesus, I see no reason, I am persua
ded it cannot be alleged to be any part of our reformation from
popish superstition," But what other reason had they to allege —
excepting, perhaps, that their " dear mother" made almost con
tinuous use of the sacred Word in her services ?
[The , Church had always deemed it honorable to have her
sanctuaries in as impressive and beautiful a style of architecture
as circumstances would allow, and so appointed as to impart to
the mind a due sense of the sanctity of God's house. This,
besides showing a becoming respect for sacred things, was
surelj' to be approved ; for the loftiest impressions are perhaps
as often conveyed to the mind through the medium of the sight
as any other sense. And the proprieties of the sacred precincts
were carefuUy looked to, KneeUng was the required attitude
in prayer. The music was that best adapted to inspire devo
tional feeUngs and accord with the passing season. The solemn
measures of the Lenten days and the joyous Easter strains were
calculated to lead the devout mind to contemplations the most
fruitful of spiritual good. The ancient chants which, century
after century, had formed a stirring portion of the service,
swelled, in concert with the deep organ harmony, through the
cathedral arches and in the humble church upon the viUage green.
And the chimes from her gray towers caUed many a wandering
thought from the cares and vexations of the Vorld to rest and

PECULIAE CUSTOMS AND DOINGS IN EELIGIOUS MATTEES. 107
I
holy meditation. But T^ith what eye did those severely matter-
of-fact Puritan settlers view these things — things that their
"dear mother" deemed important adjuncts in sustaining the
religious character in her children ? They would not recognize
the forty Lenten days, but instituted, by civil appointment, an
annual fast of a single day ; and Easter became an unknown
season. The organ was to them an instrument of heathenish
device, and chanting an old mummery. At prayer, instead of
humbly kneeling, tiiey stood ostentatiously erect. Their meet
ing-houses, even where means were abundant, were but rude
structures, often surmounted by some strange image, as if in
mockery of the cross, that emblem with which the Qhurch so
loved to adorn her consecrated edifices. And they viewed with
disdain attempts to reach the heart in other ways than by rea-
Bonmg unadorned.
[There is a merry New England ballad in a collection pub
Ushed at London, in 1719, edited by T. D'Urfey, which contains
a sort of running commentary on some of the Puritan customs,
in matters such as we have been considering ; though the piece
is thought by Dr. Harris to be much older than the date of ita
publication in that collection. It was evidently written by a
good natured Churchman who viewed things with an understand-,
ing eye ; and we extract as follows :
Well, that Night I slept till near Prayer time,
Next Moming I wonder'd to hear no Bells chime ;
At whicb I did ask, and the Reason I found,
'Twas because they had ne'er a Bell in the To-wn.
At last being warned, to Church I repairs,
"Where I did think certain we should have some Pray'is;
But the parson there no such matter did teach,
They scorn'd to Pray, for all one could Preach.
The first thing they did, a Psalm they did Zing,
Ise pluck'd out my Psalm-Book I with me did bring;
And tumbled to seek him 'cause they caw'd him by's name,
But they'd got a new Zong to the Tune of the same.
"Whei^Sermon was ended, was a child to baptise,
'Bout Zixteen years old, as "Volks did zurmise ;
He had neither Godfather nor Godmother, yet was quiet and still,
But the Priest durst not cross him, for fear of ill vrill.

108 HISTOET OP LTNN.
Ah, Sirrah, thought I, and to Dinner Ise went,
And gave the Lord Thanks for what he had sent.
Next day was a Wedding, the Brideman my Friend'
Did kindly invite me, so thither Ise wend.
But this, above all, me to wonder did bi-ing.
To see Magistrate marry them, and had ne'er a Ring ;
Ise thought they Would call me the Woman to give,
But 1 think the Man stole her, they ask'd no man leave.
[But it must be highly gratifying to the Churchman of this
day to observe how many of the -old prejudices against his
revered mother have disappeared. Who, now, even among the
sons of the staunchest Puritan settlers is disposed to cast con
tempt upon her fervid outpourings at th^ joyous Christmas-
tide ? Who is not ready to commend her efforts to keep the
glad sound of the gospel constantly ringing in every ear?
And who, even, is not ready to concede that she possesses a
liturgy and order worthy of the warmest affections of the Chris
tian heart.
[Notwithstanding the apparent belief of Mr. Lewis that the
first settlers of Lynn, with the exception of about half a dozen,
were devout Churchmen, it is yet true that the Church was of
very slow growth here. No attempt was made to gather a
congregation, tUl 1819. And the small number who then caUed
themselves of the fold presently dispersed and joined other
worshiping bodies. And how is it even now, when we have
become a city of more than twenty thousand people ? Why,
we have one Church — St. Stephen's — numbering not above a
hundred communicants, and a Chapel — St. Andrew's — which
is open onlyinthe warm season, for the accommodation of non
residents. If the great body of the settiers had been Episco-
paUans a different state of things might rationaUy have been
expected, [Indeed, notwithstanding the professed reverence of those
early comers for their " dear mother," the Episcopal Church
was pf slow growth in all parts of New England, the prejudices
against her constantly exhibiting themselves. Rev, WUliam
Blaxton, an Episcopal clergyman, was the first Chris'tian settler
of Boston. He sat down there, solitary and alone, in 1625 or '6,
He was a man of great learning, and seems to have been fond

/ PECULUE CUSTOMS AND DOINGS IN EELIGIOUS MATTEES, 109
of retirement and study. In or about the year 1634 he removed
to the vicinity of Providence, and died 26 May, 1675, having
made no apparent impression in favor of his cherished faith,
though he had the fame of having been bred at Emanuel, which
was called the Puritan college. Moses Brown, in one of Jiis
manuscript letters, says : " Rev. Mr, Blackstone, an Episc°. sold
the land of Boston, in 1631, and removed to Blaxton River and
settled six miles north of Providence and Rehoboth, He had a
great library, was a great student. There is a bUl now called
Study Hill, on which he loved to walk for contemplation. He
rode his bull, for want of a horse, to Boston and Providence, to
Smith's in Narrag*, He sometimes came to Providence and
preached there ; the first time to one man, two women, and a
number of children whom he invited and collected around him
by throwing apples to them," This was certainly preaching
under difficulties. But the devoted ministers of the phurch
here, at tbat period, were subjected to many such experiences.
Gov. Dudley, as late as 1702, writes that there are in " Massa
chusetts, or New England, seventy thousand souls, in seventy
towns, all Dissenters, that have ministers and schools of their
own persuasion, except, one congregation of^the Church of
England, at Boston, where there are two ministers." And Rev.
George Keith, who was the first missionary sent over here by
the Church of England " Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts," and whose appearance at Lynn, where
he gave vigorous battle to the Quakers, will be noticed under
date 1702, says, writing at about the same time Dudley wrote,
" There is no Church nor Church of England school eastward
of the province of New York, viz : Connecticut, Rhode Island,
Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and New Hampshire, except at
Boston, where there is one Church, consisting of a large con
gregation, having two ministers, Mr. Myles and Mr, Bridge; and
one in Rhode Island, consisting of a large congregation and one
minister, viz : Mr. Lockier, and another in Braintry, which has
no minister." Such was the prosperity of the Church, in New
England, abftut three quarters of a century after the emigrants
" with much sadness of "heart and many tears "" in their eyes,
Ijpgan to arrive hither from the land where their " dear mother "
specially dwelt. J

110 HISTOET OP LTNN.
[That the Church of England, as a branch of the government,
was guilty of persecution, in some instances, may not be denied.
But the Episcopal Church, when established here, was divested
of temporal power ; and has stood as free from any just charge
of attempting to tyrannize as any Christian body ever known
upon the American continent.
[Let it not be said, however, that the Puritans accomplished
little or no good. They restored much of the excellent that
had been lost among the lumber of the dark, superstitious, and
infidel ages. They gave "to the Christian world, it may almost
literally be said, a Sabbath. For before their time the Lord's
day had been regarded as a festival, instituted by the early
Christians in commemoration of the Resurrection. But they,
whUe at home, in the bosom of their " dear mother," and here,
with their backs turned upon her, persisted in investing the
day wijjh all the sanctity and incidents of the day proclaimed
holy amid the lightnings of Sinai. And they succeeded in lead
ing the Church herself to adopt their views. And in this coun
try, at this day, no body of Christians is more careful in the
observance of tbe Lord's day as a Sabbath than the Episcopal
Church. And did not the Puritans, Jiere, with an energy and
wisdom unknown before, address themselves to the intellectual
culture of mankind, establishing schools in every quarter, where
to the poor as weU as the rich were dispensed the inestimable
blessings of education ? Let us not unduly magnify their er
rors — let us not eternally discourse about their hanging Qua
kers, persecuting Baptists and pressing witches — but rather
let us honor ourselves by imitating their steriing integrity and
endeavoring to perpetuate the noble institutions they founded.]

CHAPTER II.

ANNALS,

1629,
Ltnn is one of the earliest towns planted in Massachusetts.
Its settlement was begun in 1629, Among the authorities for
assigning the settlement to this year, is the Rev, Samuel Dan-
forth's almanac for the year 1647, He gives a list of the first
towns settled in this state, to which he prefixes these words ;
"The time when these townes following began— Lynn, 1629,"
By several ancient manuscripts, it appears that the . settlement
must have commenced as early as the first of June,
The first white men known to have been inhabitants of Lynn,
were Edmund Ingalls and his brother Peancis Ingalls, A
record preserved in the family of the former says, " Mr. Edmund
Ingalls came froin Lincolnshire', in England, to Lynn, in 1629,"
He was a farmer, and settled in the eastern part of the town,
near a small pond in Fayette street, The_place where his house
stood is still pointed out by his descendants. He had a malt
house near the margin of the pond, Wh^n the lands were divi
ded, in 1638, there were apportioned " to Edmund and Francis
Ingalls, upland and meadow, 120 acres," He was accidentally
drowned, in March, 1648, by faUing with his horse through the
old Saugus river bridge, on Boston street ; for which the Gen
eral Court paid one hundred pounds ($444) to his children.
His estate was valued at £135 8s. lOd,, including " house and
lands, £50," The name of his wife was Ann, and he had nine
children, six of whom were born in England. 1. Robert, who
inherited his father's " house and houselot," 2, Elizabeth, 3.
Faith, who married Andrew AUen, 4. John, to whom his father
gave " the .house and ground that was Jeremy ffits, (Fitch,)
lying by the meeting-house, and that three acres land he hath in
England." 5. Sarah, who married WiUiam . Bitner. 61 Henry,
who was born in 1627, and removed to Andover, where he died
in 1719, aged 92 years. A descendant of his, Capt. Henry In-
(111)

112 HISTOET OP LTNN.
falls, died in 1803, aged 84 years. About a year before his
eath lie added the following note to the family genealogy :
" Mr. Henry Ingals, from whom all the^e spring, was born in
the year 1627, and he died in the year 1719, who lived ninety-
two years, and.two months after his death I, Henry Ingals, was
Born, who have lived eighty-three years. So that we two Henry
Ingals hath Lived on this Earth one hundred and seventy-five
years." 7, Samuel, 8, Mary, 9, Joseph, The descendants of
Mr, Edmund Ingalls, in this and other towns, are numerous and
respectable, and several of them eminent in the learned profes
sions, [One or two interesting particulars appear in the peti
tion of the chUdren of Mr. IngaUs for redress on the loss of
their father. The paper reads as follows : " The humble petition
of Robert Ingalls with the rest of his brethren and sisters, being
eight in number, humbly sheweth, that whereas your poor peti
tioners father hath been deprived of life by the insufficiency
of Lynne Bridge, so called, to the great impoverishinge of your
poore petitioners mother and themselves, and there being a
Court order that any person soe dyeinge through such insuffi
ciency of any bridge in the countrye, that there should be an
hundred pounds forfeit to the next heire, may it therefore. please
this honorable Coui;t to take your poore petitioners case into
consideration,"] Feancis Ingalls, brother of Edmund — was bom in England
in 1601, He was a tanner, and lived at Swampscot. He built a
tannery on Humfrey's brook, where it is crossed by a stone
bridge in BurrUl street, I saw the vats before they were taken
up in 1825, This was the first tannery in New England, [And
perhaps its establishment gave the first direction to the great
business of the place — shoemaking. When the leather was
made, it was natural enough t^ turn attention to means for di
rectly applying it to the common necessities of life,]
William Dixet — was born in England in 1607, and came over
a servant with Mr. Isaac Johnson. [Common laborers and
craftsmen were frequently called servants to those by whom
they were for the time being employed,] On his arrival at Sa
lem, he says, in a deposition in Essex Court, 1 July, 1657, that
application was made for him and otbers, « for a place to set
down in ; upon whibh Mr, Endecott did give me and the rest
leave to go where we would ; upon which we went to Saugus,
now Linne, and there wee met with Sagamore James and som
other Indians, who did give me and the rest leaue to dweU there
or thereabouts ; whereupon I and the rest of my master's com
pany did cutt grass for our catteU, and 'kept them upon Nahant
for som space of time ; for the Indian James Sagamore and the
rest did give me and the rest in behalf of my master Johnson
what land we would ; whereupon wee sett down in Saugust and

ANNALS — 1629. 113
had quiet possession of it by the abovesaid Indians, and kept
our cattell in Nahant the -isumer following." Mr. Dixey was
admitted a freeman at the first General Court, in 1634. He re
moved- to Salem,, says Felt, and kept a ferry-boat across the
North River. [He had several children baptized in Salem, and
died in 1690, aged 82.]
William Wood — came to Lynn in 1629, and was admitted a
freeman 18 May, 1631. He resided here, according to his own
account, about four years ; and during that time he wrote an
interesting work, entitled " New Englands Prospect," contain
ing a very favorable account of the early settlements. On 15
August, 1633, he sailed with Captain Thomas Graves, for Lon
don, where, in 1634, he printed his book, in one hundred pages.
In 1635, he pubUshed a map of New England, engraved on
wood. He returned to Lynn the same year. He embarked on
the eleventh of September, in the Hopewell, of London, being
then 27 years of age ; bringing with him his wife, Elizabeth, aged
24 years, as appears by the records in Westminster HaU, London.
In 1636, he was chosen representative. In 1637, he went with
a company of about fifty men, and commenced a settlement at
Sandwich. He was chosen town clerk there, and was a very
active, inteUigent, and talented man. His book is one of the
most interesting and valuable which was written at that early
period, and several extracts from it will be found in these pages.
[Shattuck thinks Mr. Wood went to Concord, where he resided
many years, dying there, 14 May, 1671, aged 86. There were
several of tiie same name, in the settlements, and hence oppor
tunity for confusion among genealogists. It is pleasant for one
to locate eminent individuals in the society of his ancestors,
and some appear over-anxious to do so. There is, however, no
doubt as to Mr. Wood's having resided at Lynn.]
John Wood — was a farmer, and lived on the corner of Essex
and Chesnut streets. When the lands were divided, in 1638,
100 acres were allotted to him. I think that William Wood, the
writer, was his son, and WUliam Wood of Salem, his brother.
Such was the littie band who commenced the first settlement
in the wilderness of Lynn. Five men, with their famUies, prob
ably comprising about twenty persons. They did not settle at
Sagamore Hill, because the Indians were there ; nor on the
Common, because that was a forest ; but coming from Salem,
they selected a " faire playne," somewhat less than half a mila
in extent, where they built their rude cottages, " and had peaces-
able possession," John Wood appears to have been the princi
pal person, and from him the vicinity has ever since been called
" Woodend," There the soil of Lynn was first stirred by the
white men — there, surrounded by Ipdians, they laid the foun
dation of a town, I
J"* 8 >

114 HISTOET OP LTNN.
[There was a fashion of constructing temporary habitations,
prevailing, more or less, particularly among the poorer class' of
farmers, at an early period, which deserves notice for its inge
nuity and security, and for the comfort it afforded in winter,
A square pit was dug, of such dimensions as convenience re-
quired, to the depth of six or seven feet. This was lined with
boards or logs, and a roof made of poles covered with bark,
apertures being left for lighting and for the escape of smoke.
As late as 1650, the secretary of the province of New Nether
lands, writing in Dutch, speaks of houses constructed after this
fashion. He however describes them as being generally finished
in rather better style, and says that the wealthy and principal
men in New England, in the beginning of the colonies, com
menced their dwellings in this way.]
1630. .
Early in the spring, eleven vessels, having on board about
seventeen hundred persons, left the harbor of Southampton, and
sailed for New England, In the number of the passengers were
Mr. John Winthrop, the first governor of Massachusetts, witb
many other persons of dignity, wealth, and reputation. As Mr.
Humfrey, who had been chosen deputy governor, was not ready
to remove, Mr. Thomas Dudley was chosen in his stead. In
the month of June, the ships arrived at Salem, and the passen
gers began to make settlements in the pathless woods, Mr,
Dudley says that some of them settled " upon the river of Sau
gus," Others went to Charlestown and Boston ; and the rest
began new settiements at Roxbury, Dorchester, Watertown, and
Medford. The CouncU had agreed that each person who ad
vanced fifty pounds, should have 200 acres ; and that each one
who came over on his own expeftse, should have 50 acres.-
The foUowing persons appear to have arrived at Lynn, this yean
Joseph Aemitage — lived on the north side of the Common,
a httle east of Mall street, his land extending to Strawberry
brook. He was a tailor, and was admitted a freeman in 1637.
Some years after, he became the proprietor of a corn and slitting
mill on Saugus river, (Essex Reg. Deeds.) He opened the
first tavern m the town, caUed the Anchor, (Mass. archives.)
It stood on the Boston road, a littie west of the river For a
hundred and seventy years, this was the most celebrated tavern
!? ^'o^T °°"°<^y' being half way from Salem to Boston. He
?'i«?I T' ^f 1^^' ^^^^ ^^ y?^'"'- ^'^ ^if«' Ja°«- died March
3, 1675. His ChUdren were John, and Rebecca, Who marriedr
Samuel Tarbox, m 1665.
GODFEET Aemitage -was a farmer, and was admitted a free
man in 1638. [He was by trade a taUor, as was Joseph ; and
they may have been brothers, Godfrey removed to Boston '

annals — 1630. ' 115
where he reared a fiiinily"; and some of his descendants became
prominent.] James Axet — was a fermer, a representative in 1654, and
died in 1669. His wife, Frances, died the same year.
Allen Beeed — was a farmer, and lived near the point where
Summer street crosses the Turnpike. In 1638 he had 200 acres
allotted to him. He was born m 1601, The name of his^wife
was Elizabeth, and his children were Allen, Timothy, Joseph,
and John. His descendants are numerous, and from him the
vicinity in which he resided was called Breed's End. [He was
one of the Long Island settlers, but returned. And it is assert
ed that Breed's Hill, in Charlestown, where the battle of Bunker
Hill was fought, took its name from him. In early times the
name was spelled Bread, and there was more uniformity in the
spelling than there was in that of,
most names. Appended is a fac- /j /h f'Zh ' '~~^ —
simile of his autograph. It is z, ^^"^"^^^^^^'^ yJ-T^Jf''^ c/
careful tracing from his signature*^ „,„ „ .
on a document in the county ar- ^^S^^^^^e of AllenBreed,
chives. William Ballaed — was a farmer, and was admitted a free
man in 1638. In the same year he was a member of the Essex
Court. His children were John, Nathaniel, and Elizabeth. [Mr.
BaUard seems to have died in 1641, Nicholas Brown and Gar
rett Spencer made oath before Messrs. Bradstreet and NoweU,
in March of that year, " that being w" M' Willm Ballard of Linn
a day or two before his death & perswadinge him to make his
wUl," he told them that " he intended to do it the next day,
but , , , . dyed before he could put it in wrightinge. He
would leave his [wife Sarah ?] half his estate, and the other half
to be devided amongst his chUdren ; the said WilUam Ballard
beinge then of pfect minde." (Suffolk Recs.)]
Geoege Bdeeill — lived on the west- > . .^ ^ t+Sr
ern side of Tower Hill. He was a farm- f^LX J
er, and had 200 acres of land, A fac- ( (y ^
simile of his autograph is here given — \.^^^-y^..^ yvi
traced from the signature to his will, <^ Jh^OJ'XX^
dated 18 October 1653. [He was one signature of Geo, Bun-ill.
01 the richest of the planters. His wife
was named Mary, and both he and she died in 1653. His chil
dren were: ||George; ||Francis; ||John. \Oeorge removed
to Boston and was a cooper. He married Deborah Simpkins,
and died 5 Jiily, 1698, He had children, George, born 13 Feb,
1654; Samuel, b. 10 Jan., 1656; Sarah, who married John
Souther, || i?Vanczs'-# wife was named Elizabeth; and he had chil
dren, EUzalDeth, born 1 Dec, 1655; James, b, 21 Dec. 1657; Jo
seph, b, 18 Dec, 1659 ; Mary, who died young, b, 16 May, 1661 ;

116 annals op LTNN — 1630.
Lydia, b. 13 June, 1663; Hannah, b. 19 March, 1665; Mary,
who Uved but ten days, b, 7 Feb., 1668 ; Deborah, b. 23 July,
1669, and died the next month; Moses, b. 12 April, 1671; Hes
ter, b. 15 Jan., 1674 ; Sarah, b, 11 April, 1676, and died in infan
cy; Samuel, who also died in infancy, || John married Lois Ivory,
10 May, 1656, and had chUdren, John, b, 18 Nov, 1658 ; Sarah,
b. 16 May, 1661, and died 27 Dec, 1714; Thomas, b. 7, Jan.,
1664; Anna, b. 15 Sept., 166«; Theophilus, b, 15 July, 1669 ;
Lois, b. 27 Jan., 1672 ; Samuel, b. 20 April, 1674 ; Mary, b. 18
Feb., 1677; Ebenezer, b- 13 July, 1679; Ruth, b. 17 May, 1682,
The last named John, he who was born 18 Nov., 1658, became
quite distinguished for his talents, and for skiU as a presiding
officer in the General Court. He died in 1721, See a bio
graphical notice of .him beginning on page 489, His brother
Ebenezer was also conspicuous as a public man, and known as
the Hon. Ebenezer. He died in 1761. See notice, page 492.
Sarah, who was born 16 May, 1661, married John Pickering, of
Salem, and became grandmother of Hon. Timothy Pickering,
the eminent statesman and intimate friend of Washington. Hon,
James BurriU, LL. D., who was made chief justice of the Supreme
Court of Rhode Island, in 1816, and was afterward distinguished
as a United States senator from that State, was a great-great-
grandson of II John, (known as Lieut. John, and youngest son of
the first George.) Other conspicuous descendants of this early
settler will be named elsewhere. The Burrill family was form
erly called the royal family of Lynn, in view of the many famous
persons connected with it.]
Edwaed Bakee — was a farmer, and lived on the south side
of Baker's HiU, in Saugus. He was admitted a freeman in 1638 ;
and was buried March 16, 1687. His wife, Joan, died April 9,
1693. His sons were Edward, who married Mary MarshaU,
April 7, 1675 ; and Thomas, who married Mary Lewis, July 10,
1689. [Mr. Baker removed to Northampton about 1658, and
there had grants of land. He remained many years, respected
and influential. Mr. Lewis is incorrect in one or two particu
lars. The name of Mr. Baker's wife was Jane, and he had five
sons — Joseph, Timothy, Edward, Thomas, and John. He finally
returned to Lynn ; but his sons Joseph and Timothy remained
at Northampton. John is supposed to have settied in Dedham,
and become the bead of an extensive family. The wUl of Mr.
Baker is dated 16 Oct. 1685, and having previously provided
for some of his children by deed, not aU of them are named in it
He exhorts his family to live peaceable and pious lives and
desires for himself a decent funeral, suitable to his rank and
quality while living. Timothy was a prominent man in North
ampton, and some of his descendants became conspicuous-
among them, Hon. Osmyn Baker, late member of Congress

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630, 117
[Captain Thomas Baker, son of Timothy, just named, and
of course a grandson of Edward, the early Lynn settler, was
taken captive by the Indians, at Deerfield, on the terrible
night of 29 Feb., 1704, and carried to Canada, He however,
the next year, succeeded in effecting his escape. In or about
the year 1715, he married Madam Le Beau, whose name figures
somewhat in the history of that period. And the lives of both
husband and wife furnish touching and romantic passages. She
was a daughter of Richard Otis, of Dover, N. H., who, with one
son and one daughter, was killed by the Indians on the night
of 27 June, 1689,, at the time they destroyed the place. She
was then an infant of three months, and was, with her mother,
carried captive to Canada and sold to the French, The priests
took her, baptised her, and gave her the name of Christine.
They educated her in the Romish faith, and she passed some
time in a nunnery, not, however, taking the veil. At the age*
of sixteen she was married to a Frenchman, thus becoming
Madam Le Beau, and became the mother of two or three chil
dren. Her husband died about 1713. And it was very soon
after that her future husband, Capt. Baker, appears to have
fallen in with her. He was attached to the commission detailed
by Gov, Dudley, under John Stoddard and John Williams for
the purpose of negotiating with the Marqijis de Vaudreuil for
the release of prisoners and to settle certain other matters, and
went to Canada. From Stoddard's journal it appears that there
was much trouble in procuring her release, and when it was
obtained, her children were not allowed to go with her. Her
mother was also opposed to her leaving Canada.
[After her return, Christine married Capt; Ba^er, and they
went to reside at Brookfield, where they remained till 1733,
They had several children, and among their descendants is Hon,
John Wentworth, late member of Congress from Illinois. She
became a protestaut after marrying Capt, Baker, and substituted
the name Margaret for Christine, though later in life she seems
to have again adopted the latter. In 1727, her former confes
sor. Father Siguenot wrote her a gracious letter, expressing a
high opinion of her and warning her against swerving from the
faith in which she had been educated. He mentions the happy
death of a daughter of hers who had married and lived in Que
bec, and also speaks of her mother, then living, ^and the wife
' of a Frenchman, This letter was shown to Gov, Burnet, and
he wrote to her a forcible reply to the arguments it contained
in favor of Romanism, ¦ And there are, or recently were, three
copies of the letter and reply, in the Boston Athenaeum. The
mother of Christine had children by her French husband, and
Philip, Christine's half-brother, visited her at Brookfield.
[All the chUdren of Capt. Baker and Christine, seven or eight

118 anNals op LTNN— 1630.
in number, excepting the first, who was a daughter, bearing
her mother's name, were born in Brookfield. There is no rea
son to doubt that the connection was a happy one. They held
a very respectable position, and he was the first representative
from Brookfield, He was, indeed, once tried before the Supe
rior Court, at Springfield, in 1727, for blasphemy ; but the jury
acquitted him. The offence consisted in his remarking, while
discoursing on God's providence in aUowing Joseph Jennings,
of Brookfield, to be made a justice of the peace — "If I had
been with the Almighty I would have taught him better,"
[In 1733 Capt, Baker sold his farm in Brookfield, But this
proved an unfortunate step, for the purchaser faUed before mak
ing payment, and their circumstances became greatly reduced.
They were a short tipie at Mendon, and also at Newport, R. I.,,
before finally removing to Dover. Poor Christine, in 1735, pe
titioned the authorities of New Hampshire for leave to "keep
a house of pubUc entertainment " oh the " County Rhoade from
Dover meeting house to Cocheco Boome." In this petition she
signs her name " Christine baker," and mentions that she made
a journey to Canada, in the hope of getting her chUdren,. "but
aU, in vaine." A license was granted, and it seems probable
that she kept the house a number of years. She died, at a great
age, 23 Feb., 1773, and an obituary notice appeared in the Bog-
ton Evening Post. The Mrs. Bean mentioned in the N. H. Hist.
Colls, as having died, 6 Feb., 1826, at the age of a hundred years,
was Mary, the daughter of Capt. Baker and Christine. She pos
sessed her faculties to the last, and her eyesight was so perfect
that sbe could, without glasses, see to thread a needle. Col.
Benjamin Bean, of Conway, N. H., was a grandson of this aged
granddaughter of Edward Baker the Lynn settler.
[I have given this connected recital, though hardly knowing
how to afford the space, not only on account of the romantic
incidents touched upon, but also because it aptly illustrates
occurrences frequent in those days.]
John Bancroft — died in 1637, He had two sons, Thomas
and John, and his descendants remain. [The name was some
times spelled B a r c r 0 f t ; indeed it is questionable whether that
was not the original spelling, the change easily occurring. Jane
the wife with whom this settier was blessed, does not seem to
have been the most amiable of women. By the record of the
Court held at Boston, in 1633, it appears that, "M'John Bar-
croft doeth acknowledge to owe vnto o' Souaigne the Kine
the some of xU. & W SamU Mauacke the som of xxi. &c The
condicon of this recognizance is, that Jane Barcroft wife of the
said John, shaU be of good behav' towards all psons " Georee
Bancroft, the eminent historian, is a lineal descendant from this
Lynn planter.]

\ ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630. 119
Samuel Bennet — was a carpenter, and a member of the An
cient ArtiUery Company, in 1639. A pine forest in the northern
part of Lynn still retains the name of Bennet's Swamp. He
resided in the western part of Saugus, and when the towns
were divided, the line passed through his land, eastward of his
house, so that afterward he was called an inhabitant of Boston.
Nicholas Beown — was a farmer, and lived on Walnut street,
in Saugus. He removed to Reading, in 1644. He had a son,
Thomas, who continued in Lynn, and died, 28 Aug. 1693. His
descendants remain.
Boniface Bueton — was a farmer, and was admitted a free
man, 6 May, 1635. He was the oldest man who ever lived at
Lynn, He died, 13 June, 1669, aged 113 years, according to
Sewall. Another \iiarist makes him 115. His son Boniface
removed to Reading.
Thomas Chadwell — was a farmer, and lived in Summer
street. He died in Feb. 1683; His sons were Thomas, MoseS,
and Benjamin. His descendants remain. [He had three wives ;
the first was named Margaret, and she died 29 Sept. 1658. He
afterward removed to Boston, and married Barbara Brimblecom,
a widow, who had survived two b^sbands. This second wife
died in 1665, and for a third wife,'4e married Abigail Jones, of
Charlestown, a widow. His son Moses was born 10 April, 1637.]
Clement Cold am — was a miller, and a member of the An
cient ArtUlery Company, in 1645. He had a son Clement, born
in 1622, who removed to Gloucester, and died in 1703.
Thomas Coldam — was admitted a freeman in 1634. He kept
Mr. Humfrey's wihdmUl, on Sagamore Hill, and died 8 April,
1675, aged 74 years.
William Cowdet, born in 1602 — was a farmer. He removed
to Reading in 1640, where he was Clerk of the Writs, Town
Clerk, Selectman and Representative.
Thomas Dexter — was a farmer, and lived on the west of Sau
gus river, near the Iron Works. He was admitted a freeman,
18 May, 1631. He owned eight hundred acres of land, and was
called, by way of excellence, " Farmer Dexter." He was a very
active and enterprising man, and built a mill and a wear across
Saugus riven Among his speculations, he purchased Nahant
of the Indian chief, Poquanum, caUed "Black Will," for a suit
of clothes ; which occasioned the town an expensive lawsuit in
1657, another in 1678, and a third in 1695. He became one of
the first proprietors of the town of Sandwich, in 1637, and pro
moted its settlement, but did not remove at that time. He had.
a son Thomas, a grandson Richard, and a great-grandson WiUiam;
but none of his descendants remain at Lynn.
Robert Deiver — was a farmer, and lived in Shepard street,
on the south of which a creek still bears his name. He was

120 ANNALS OP LYNN — 1630.
made a freeman in 1635, and died 3 April, 1680, aged 88 years.
His wi'fe, Phebe, died in February, 1683. He had a son, Rob-
ert, who was a soldier in the Indian War of 1675.
William Edmunds — was admitted a freeman in 1635, and
died 4 Aug, 1693, His chUdren were John ; and Samuel, who
married Elizabeth Bridges, 27 Jan, 1685, [He was a taUor by
trade. His wife Mary died 2 April, 1657, and five months after
he married a widow Ann Martin, at Boston, Besides John and
Samuel, he had children, Joseph and Mary, The latter married
Joseph Hutchings, 1 Sept, 1657, He was 82 years old at the
time of his death.]
Geoege Paer — was a farmer in the eastern part of Esse:S
street. He was admitted a freeman in 1635, and died in 1661.
His wife Elizabeth was buried 11 March, 1687, His children
were, John, Lazarus, Benjamin, Joseph, Mary, Martha, Elizabeth,
and Sarah, [Mr, Farr came over in 1629, He was a ship
wright.] Henet Feake ^ was admitted a freeman, 14 May, 1632, and
removed to Sandwich in 1637, [He was a Representative in
1643 and '4. About 1656 he "was residing at Newtown, L, I,
John Dillingham married a daughter of his, 24 March, 1654.]
Jeeemiah Fitch — was a ff,rmer,.and lived in Shepard street.
He removed to Reading in 1644.
Samuel Graves — was a farmer, and Uved on the Turnpike,,
west of the Floating Bridge, and from him the neighborhood
has ever since been caUed Gravesend. In 1635, he gave nearly
£300 to the colony. He had a son Samuel, and his descendants
remain. [The son Samuel married Sarah Brewer, 12 March,
1678, and had chUdren, Crispus, born 3 Aug. 1679 ; Hannah, b.
27 Aug. 1681 ; Samuel, b. 2 Aug. 1684.]
John Hall — was admitted a freeman in 1634, Edward Hall,
son of John, was a farmer, and died in 1669. His chUdren were
Joseph, Ephraim, EUzabeth, Rebecca, and Martha, His descend
ants remain. [I think this John Hall must have been the one
who, in 1640, was a SaUsbury proprietor, and married, 3 AprU,
1641, Rebecca, widow of Henry Bayley, by whom he had a son
John, born 18 March, 1642. He was dead in 1650, as his widow
in July of that year, married Rev. WiUiam Worcester, the first
minister of Salisbury. And after the death of Mr. Worcester
which took place in 1663, she married, as a fourth husband'
Deputy Governor Symonds, whom she outlived, and died in
1695. As to Edward, Mr. Lewis is without doubt wrong in
some particulars. There may have been two of the name here.
Edward, son of John, by his wife Sarah, had children, Joseph"
born 3 July, 1646 ; Ephraim, b. 8 September, 1648 ; Sarah b'
in August, 1651; Elizabeth, b, 30 April, 1654; Rebecca, b,' 30
April, 1657, And Savage treats him as the same individual who

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630. 121
was so oddly named in the will of Benjamin Keayne, of Boston?
who, probably through his son, at one time a resident of Lynn,
had various connections with the people here. If so identified,
he must have been a carpenter, though he may have carried on
farming to some extent, " To Edward Hall, of Lyn, carpenter,"'
says Mr, Keayne's will, " as an acknowledgm* of his Loueing
seruice to me, (though of Later yeares he hath' Carryed it lesse
deseruing, & fuller of more Just provocation,) three pounds,"]
Adam Hawkes — was a farmer, and settled on the Hawkes
Farms, in Saugus, He owned the land where the iron ore was
found, and filled up one of the mines, on the supposition that it
contained silver. Soon after his settlement, his house was
burned. The only persons in it at the time, were a servant girl '
and two twin infants, who escaped. He died in 1671, His sons '
were, Adam, John, Moses, Benjamin, and Thomas, His descend
ants remain,
John Hawkes — was admitted a freeman in 1634, and died 5
Aug. 1694, [I think Mr. Lewis is wrong in making this Jolm
Hawkes, the one who was admitted a freeman in 1634. The
only John here, at that period, was probably the young son of
Adam, though there was an older person of the name in the
vicinity. The John who died here, 5 Aug. 1694, is caUed in
the record of his decease, senior, and would, as respects age,
answer well as the son of Adam. He married, 3 June, 1658,
Rebecca Maverick, and she died in 1659, at the birth of their
son Moses. He married again, 11 April, 1661. His second
wife was Sarah Cushman, and he had by her, Susanna, born
29 Nov. 1662; Adam, b. 12 May, 1664; Anne, b. 3 May, 1666;
John, b. 25 April, 1668 ; Rebecca, b. 18 Oct. 1670 ; Thomas, b.
18 May, 1673; and Mary, b. 14 Nov. 1675. Within twenty
days of the latter date, he experienced a severe affliction in the
loss, by death, of all his daughters, excepting the infant Mary.]
Edwaed Holtoke — was a farmer, and had 500 acres of land.
He was a member of the Essex Court, and was many times
chosen representative. In 1656 he owned the western side
of Sagamore HiU. He died 4 May, 1660. In his will he beseeches,
God to impress his children with the importance of private
prayer and public worship, and bequeaths each of them a lock
of his hair. His children wer^, Elizur, who removed to Spring
field, and married Mary Pynchon ; and Elizabeth, who married
George Keyser. An excellent spring, in the western partof
Lynn, surrounded by willows, is well known by the name of
Holyoke spring, [This spring is near the western margin of
the' meadow lying immediately north of Holyoke street, and
west of Walnut, formerly known as Pan Swamp.] An eminent
descendant of this settler. Dr. Edward A, Holyoke, of Salem,
died 31 March, 1830, aged a hundred years and seven months.

122 annals OP LTNN — 1630.
[The two children named by Mr, Lewis, EUzur and Elizabeth,
were not the only offspring of Mn Holyoke, He had daughters,
Ann, who married Lieut, Thomas Putnam, 17 Oct, 1643; Mary,
who married John Tuttie of Boston, 10 Feb, 1647 ; Susanna,
who married Michael Martin, 12 Sept, 1656; and Sarah, who
married an Andrews. He also had sons, Edward and John, who
were born in England and died there, at early ages. Mr, Hol-
yoke's will is a curious document ; and most of it is here given,
because it so well exhibits his spirit and so faithfully exposes
the condition of things at that time, in several interesting par
ticulars. It was made 25 Dec, 1658, and he died 4 May, 1660.
As for the holy faith of the holy one, Grod in ti-initie, and of the holy faith
.of om- glorious Lord, the son of God, the Lord Jesus Chi-ist, the second Adaili,
I haue composed A booke and doe bestowell vpon each of my sonns in law as
their best legacy, &c. (Being instructed chiefly by an understanding of the
Scriptures) I doubt not my booke will giue him A hart of aU sound doctrine.
Touching my worldly estate, I dispose the yoke of Oxen and my mare, to
my sonn in law, George Keysar, and my mare foale and A Cow, to my sonn
Prenam ; tow kine to my sonn Andrewes ; A Cow to my dau. Mai-ten. These
Oxen and kine are in the hands of Goodman Wilkins, of Linn ; the mare and
foale is at Rumney Marsh. I giue to my sonn Tuttie, that £4 yearely hee
should haue giuen mee since I put ouer the house in Boston to him. I neuer
yet had a .penney of it ; 40s. I gaue him of that, so theare is yet £6 beehind
and theare is £5 mentioned in Goodman Wilkins Case that hee oweth mee, I
giue to my dau. Manon, and 20s. to my kinswoman Mary Mansfeild, and 10s.
of it to John Dolittle, and 10s. of it to my kinsman Thomas Morris, of New-
ham, and 10s. of it to Hannah Keasur. I giue my best Cloake of that Cloth
that cam from England to my sonn Holyoke, as allsoe my Coate of the same
cloth. I giue my other Cloke to my sonn Keaser, my best Dublet and breeches
to my sonn Tuttie, my stuff dublet and my best hat to my soim Holyoke ; all
the rest of my weareuig apparell to my sonn Keasar, As touching the whol
yeares rent of this yeare 1658, that is Dew mee from Goodman Wilkins, of
Linn, I owe Theodore Atkins 49s.; pay him in wheate; I owe John Hull
Aboute 22s. ; pay him ui wheate ; pay Mr. Russell, ti-easurer, 3 bushells of
wheate ; for John Andrewes, 8 busLells of wheate to Mr. Wilson Paster at
Boston, and 8 bushell of Indian, As for my Linell, let all my daub's, part
aUke. The 20s. Goodman Page oweth me, as my sonn Tuttie cann witness
I give my dau. Martin. There is about 15s. Capt. Sauige oweth mee • intreat
him to satisfie my Cosan Dauis, and the rest giue to my dau. Marten ' As for
my books and wrightings, I giue my sonn Holyoke all the books that are at

testament in foho, with wast papers between eueiy leafe, allso Mr, Anlworth
on the 5 books of Moses and the psalmes, and my dixinai-y aud Temellius
bible in Latten, and my latten Concent and daniell bound together and A
part ofthe New testament in Folio, with wast paper betwin euerv leafe and
the greate mapps of geneolagy, and that old maniscript called a Svnas siehf
the rest, for A muskett I gaue of olde to my sonn Holyoke: All mv land in
Linn, and that land and Medow m the Countiy neere Reding all was jziuen
to my sonn Holyoke, when he mai-ied Mr Pinchers Daughter.
^'^ ™®* Edword Holtoke,
[Mn Holyoke's son EUzur administered on the estate and
the inventory was taken 19 June, 1660, John Tuttie and John

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630. 123
Doollttle were appraisers, and the amount was £681. " A farme
at Lynne, £400 ; 3 acres at Nahant, £6 ; a farme at Bever dame,
neare Reading, £150;" two oxen, £12; four cows, £16; and
his books, £20 ; are the principal items.
[Mr. Holyoke was from Tamworth, Warwickshire, where he
married, 18 June, 1612, Prudence, daughter of Rev, John Stock
ton, rector of Kinkolt. His father, who was likewise named
Edward, is thought to be the same " Edward HoUyocke " men
tioned in the will of the father of Ann Hathaway, wife of the
immortal Shakspeare," where he is spoken of as having a claim
of twenty shiUings, for wood. .
»[It is evident that Mr. Holyoke, quite early in life, had his,^
mind directed to the consideration of sacred things. And on ¦'
the whole he seems to have been rather a lively/ exponent of
puritan character. On 12 Ma^, 1612, about a month before his
marriage, he wrpte to Miss Stockton a long epistle, from which
a few passages are here introduced, the orthography being mod
ernized. " Let us resolve," he says, " with an unfeigned heart
in constancy and perseverance to follow the' Eternal, and to
cleave unto him all our days ; to set him up in our hearts to
be our God; to love him with all our heart, mind, soul, and
strength ; to worship him in spirit and truth, according to his
revealed will ; to sanctify his name in his word, in his works, in
our holy conversation ; to keep his Sabbath with joy of heart
and delighting in the Lord ; in it not doing our own will, but
sanctifying it wholly to the Lord. If this be in our hearts, in
deed and in truth, then we shaU be faithful to each other, not
sinning against one another ; for you have set me on your heart
and me alone, to be thine ; thy husband, the veil of thine eyes
in the sight of all ; thy head. If this be so, then cleave to me,
to me alone ; let your affections be mine, your desires mine.
And I have set thee on my heart, and thee alone, to make thee
my spouse, my companion, the wife of my youth ; to enter into
covenant with thee before God, never to transgress against
thee, but to love you only, even as myself; to care for you, to
rejoice with you, to wander- in thy love continually  Me
thinks I see the preparation that Prudence makes for the day
of solemnity ; every thing in readiness, that she will not forget
an ornameiit ; every thing in such conveniency. Oh, will you
thus prepare for this marriage, which is but for a time ? Labor
to be truly spiritual, that this may be, above all things, the
chief of your thoughts, to prepare for that eternal marriage with
Christ Jesus in the last day."
[The name of Mount Holyoke, in Hampshire county, it is said,
was derived from Elizur, the son named as having married Mary
Pynchon, and who became a very conspicuous and useful man.
Pew names appear on the records of the colony in connection

124 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630.
with more enterprises of a public nature' than that of Elizur
Holyoke, and few are more highly spoken of for their services.
There is a tradition that duritig an exploration by some of the
settlers of Springfield, five or six years after they first located
there, Elizur Holyoke, with a party, went up the east side ofthe
river, while Rowland Thomas, with another party, went up the
west side. On reaching a narrow place, between the mountains,
a conversation took place, across the water, between Holyoke
and Thomas, concerning the naming of the mountains. And
finally it was detetmmed to give the name of Holyoke to that
on the east, and the name of Thomas to that on the west. The
latter soon came to be caUed Mount Tom ; but the former W9,s
more fortunate in retaining the integrity of its name. A worthy
writer says, of Elizur Holyoke : " His whole life was devoted to
the service of the people among whom he lived." He was
appointed by the General Court, in 1652, one .of the commis
sioners empowered to govern the Springfield settlers, " in all
matters not extending to life and limb." He died 6 Feb. 1676,
He had a son Elizur, the youngest of four, who was sent to
Boston to learn the, trade of a brazier, and who finally became
prominent by his enterprise and wealth ; and his name will long
survive from his association with the founders of the Old South >
Church. Edward Holyoke, president of Harvard CoUege, was
a son of his. The name is perpetuated in Lynn, through Hol
yoke street, in the vicinity of which Edward, the original settler,
owned lands.]
William Hathoene — was born in England, in 1607- was
admitted a freeman in 1634 ; and removed to Salem,
Daniel Howe, (Lieut.) — was admitted a freeman in 1634,
He was a representative in five General Courts, and a mem
ber of the Ancient ArtiUery Company in 1638, He removed
to New Haven. His son Ephraim was master of a vessel which
sailed from Boston. In Sept. 1676, his vessel, in which were
two of his sons and three other persons, was disabled by a
storm, off Cape Cod, and driven to sea for several weeks untU
his two sons, lashed to the deck by ropes, perished. The vessel
was then cast on a desolate island, where the tliree other per
sons died, Mn Howe was thus left alone, and found means to
subsist for nine months, lodging and praying in a cave tiU he
was taken off by a A^essel, in June, '
Edwaed Howe— was a farmer, and was admitted a freeman
in 1636. He was several times chosen representative and was
a member of the Essex Court, in 1637. In April 1639 after
the Court was ended in Boston, having dined in his usual health
he went to the river side, to pass over to Chariestown and
while waiting for tbe ferry boat, feU dead on the shore Gov
Winthrop says he was " a Godly man," He had a son Edward"

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630, 125
[Mr, Lewis has located him here at too early a date. He came
in the Truelove, 1635, He was 64 years old at the time of his
death. He and Daniel Howe, the preceding, were brothers,]
¦ Thomas Hubbaed — was admitted a freeman in 1634, and
removed to Billerica. [His wife's name was Elizabeth, He died
in Nov, 1662.]
Thomas Hudson — was a farmer, and Uved on the western
side of Saugus river. He owned the lands where the Iron
Works were situated, part of which he sold for that purpose.
He had a son Jonathan, whose descendants remain,
Christophbe Hussey — was born in Darking, in Surrey, Eng
land, iw 1598, He went to Holland, where he became enamored
of Theodate, daughter of Rev. Stephen Bachiler, who had resid
ed there several years, but her father would not consent to
their union, unless Mr, Hussey would remove to New England,
whither he was preparing to go, Mr, Hussey came to Lynn
with his mother, widow Mary Hussey, and his wife, in 1630, and
here, the same year, his son Stephen was born, who was the
second white child born in Lynn, He removed to Newbury,
in 1636, and was chosen representative in 1637, In 1638, he
became one of. the first settlers of Hampton, and was chosen a
counsellor. In 1685, he was cast away and, Ipst on the coast
of Florida, being 87 years of age. His children were Stephen,
John, Joseph, Huldah, Theodate and Mary,
Geoege Keyser, born in 1616 — was a miller, at Swampscot,
and was admitted a freeman in 1638. He married Elizabeth
Holyoke, and had a son Elizur, who removed to Salem.
Christopher Lindset — lived as a servant with Thomas Dex
ter, and kept his cattle at Nahant. A hill on the notheastern
part, of Nahant is still called Lindsey's hill. He died in 1668.
He had two sons, John and Eleazer, and his descendants remain.
[Mr. Lindsey was wounded in the Pequot war, and in a petition
to the Court, May, 1655, states that he was " disabled from
service for 20 weekes, for which he neuer had any satisfaction."
He was allowed three pounds. His only daughter, Naomi, was
the first wife of Thomas Maule, of Salem, the famous Quaker,
to whom she was married, 22 July, 1670. Maule published a
book setting forth and maintaining the truth according to the
Quaker view. And for thisihe was indicted. He afterward put
forth another work — his "Persecutors Mauled" — in which he
remarks that the;^five times imprisoned him, thrice took away
his goods, and thrice cruelly whipped him ; besides their many
other abuses.]
Jonathan Negus — was born in 1601, and admitted a freeman
in 1634.
Thomas Newhall — was a farmer, and_ owned all the lands
on the eastern side of Federal street, as far north as Marion.
K*

126 annals op LTNN — 1630.
His house stood on the east side ofthe former street, a few rods
south of where the brook crosses. He had two sons, 1, John,
born in England, 2, Thomas born in 1630, who was the first
white child born in Lynn. He married Elizabeth Potter, 29
Dec, 1652, and was buried 1 April, 1687, aged 57. His wife
was buried 22 Feb. 1687. His descendants are more numerous
than those of any other name at Lynn, and there are many in
the adjacent towns. [A fac-simile /p
of the autograph of this Thomas, "jftcytnc^ ^JciM^P'ClJ^
the first of the white race born
in our precincts, is here given, Signatm-e of Thomas Newhall,
It was traced from his signature to an inventory filed in the
court at Salem, in 1677, the last two letters being supplied, as
the paper is so much worn as to render them iUigible, I have
searched in vain for a proper signature of his father, who died
25 May, 1674. His will is signed by " his mark," But as the
document was executed just before his death, it is reasonable
to conclude that infirmity, rather than ignorance, was the occar
sion of his signing in that suspicious manner. A somewhat
extended genealogical view of the Newhall family will be given
in another part of this work.] ^ ' _
Robert Potter — was a farmer, and lived in Boston street.
He was admitted a freeman in 1634. He had a daughter Eliza
beth. [He removed from town soon after he became a freeman.
Under date 1685 Mn Lewis gives the name of a Robert Potter,
who was probably a son of this Robert. He went first to Rhode
Island, but changed his place of abode two or three times. In
1643, he, with others, was arrested for disseminating obnoxious
doctrines, and brought to Boston. The government ordered
them to discontinue their preaching, on pain of death. They
suffered imprisonment, confiscation of estate and banishment.
Subsequently, however, by making complaint in England, they
had their estates restored. In 1649, he kept an inn, at War
wick. He had a son John, and daughters Deliverance and .Eliz-
beth ; and, probably, a son Robert, his eldest chUd, He died
in 1655.]
John Ramsdell — was a farmer, and died 27 Oct 1688, aged
86. His wife, Priscilla, died 23 Jan. 1675. His sons were John
and Aquila, and his descendants remain. .
Joseph Rednap — was a wine-cooper, from London, and was
admitted a freeman m 1634. Judge Sewall, ia his Diarv savs
he died on Friday, 23 Jan. 1686, aged JIO years. [But Judge
bewaU must have made his entry touching the age from exae
gerated reports. Mr. Rednap could not have been much if anv '
above 90. And m the Judge's statement we have further evi'
dence that in those days people took a singular pride when one
died at an age beyond the common Umit, in giving him to as

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1630. 127
great an extent as the case would bear, the patriarchal charac
teristic of age. On 29 June, 1669, Mr, Rednap gave certain
testimony, which he swore to, in the Salem Court, in which he
states himself to be " betwixt seventy and eighty years " old.
He also, in evidence given in 1657, states himself to be about
sixty. Now if he was 60 in 1657, he would have been 72 in
1669, and at the time of his death, in 1686, he would have been
but 89 or 90, This conclusion, it will be observed, is drawn
from his own statements, made under oath. Mr. Rednap was
an anabaptist, or rather an anti-pedobaptist, and underwent some
I persecution as such.]
Edward Richards, born in 1616 — was a joiner, and was ad
mitted a freeman in 1641, He lived in the eastern part of Essex
street. On the third of April 1646, he sold to Daniel King,
" one parcel of land, called Windmill Hill," being the eastern
mound of Sagamore HUl, He died 26 Jan, 1690, aged 74. His
descendants remain, [His wife's name was Ann, and they had
children, William, born 7 June, 1663; Daniel; Mary; AbigaU;
and, it is thought, John. WUliam was living abroad ih 1688, a&
appears by a parental letter superscribed " These ffor my love^
ing sonn WUliam Richards Liveing att Philadelphia in pensylva-
nah or elsewhere present," and sent " ffrom Lin in New Eng
land this 12th of June, 1688." The letter urges him to return
to Lynn, as his parents are getting old, and much desire his
presence. And they want him to make up his mind never to
leave the place again ; the father agreeing, for his encourage
ment, to give him half of his place. In 1678 Mr, Richards made
oath that he had Uved here forty-five years. The inventory
of his estate, taken about a month after his decease, by WUliam
Bassett, jr. and Samuel Johnson, gives an amount of £180 Is.]
Daniel Salmon, born in 1610 — was a soldier in the Pequot
war, in 1636, [He labored at the Iron Works, soon after their
establishment.] He had a son Daniel, born 2 May, 1665.
John Smith — was a farmer, and was admitted a freeman in
1633, He removed to Reading.
Samuel Smith — was a farmer, and lived at Sw-ampscot, His
descendants remain.
John Taylor — came from HaverhUl, in England. His wife
and chUdren died on the passage. He was admitted a freeman,
19 Oct. 1630, and lived on the western side of Saugus river.
Edward Tomli^s, (Capt.) — was a carpenter, and was admitted
a freeman in 1631, He was six times chosen representative.
In 1633, he buUt the first mUl in Lynn, at the mouth of Straw
berry Brook, which' flows frbm the Flax Pond, where Chase's
mill now stands — [that is, at the point where Summer street
now crosses the stream.] At one of the courts he agreed to
repair Mistick bridge for £22, In 1638 he was a member of the

128 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630.
Ancient Artillery Company. In 1640 he went to Long Island,
but returned to Lynn, and was appointed clerk of the writs, in
1643, His son Edward came over in 1635, at the age of 30;
but returned to London in 1644, and in 1679 was at Dublin.
[The statement that the first mill in Lynn was at the mouth
of Strawberry Brook, is a mistake ; and Mr, Lewis was satisfied
of it when the facts were laid before him. The first mill was
on that brook, a few rods west of where Franklin street opens
into Boston street. Some years ago there was a case in one
of our courts, wherein the question of the location of the first
mill in Lynn became of some importance. An examination of
ancient documents and records established the fact as above
stated. Astute counsel objected to any testimony from Mn
Lewis tending to show that it was located in any place but that
stated in his book, on the ground that it would be a contra
diction of himself After some wrangling, however, it was
admitted, for the rules regarding the admission of evidence are
_not quite so bad as to deny one the privilege of correcting an
undoubted error. The mill which he refers to as the first, was,
without doubt, the third in Lynn, the second having been built
near the Flax Pond and afterward removed to Water Hill, And
this, seems to have been the first manifestation of that propen
sity to move buildings which has characterised our people to
this day. Every season we find our ways obstructed and trees
dismembered by migratory edifices. For something further
about the old miUs, see under dates 1654 and 1655.]
. Timothy Tomlins, brother of Edward — was a farmer, and
was admitted a freeman, 1633. He was representative in thir
teen sessions of the General Court. In 1640, he went with
sthose who began a settlement at Southampton, on Long Island
but returned. A pine forest in the northern part of Lynn is
weU known by the name of Tomlins's Swamp. He was one of
the first proprietors of Cambridge, but did not reside there
Nathaniel Turner, (Capt.) — lived in Nahant street, and
owned the whole of Sagamore HiU. He ^applied to be admitted
a freeman, 19 Oct.. 1630, but did not take the oath until 3 July
1632. He was representative in the first seven sessions of the -
Genera] Court, and a member of the first County Court at Salem
•"^ \^,^o^t^ ^5 }n^^'}^ ^^^^ appointed captain of the militia, and
in 1636 and 7 had a command in several expeditions against
the Pequot Indians. In 1637 his .house was burnt In 1638
he became a member of the Ancient Artillery Com"pany • and
the same year sold his land on Sagamore Hill to Mr Edward
Holyoke, and removed, witb others, to QuiHpeake, where a new ^.^
settiement was begun, and called New^l^n His name is '
preserved m Turner's Palls, In 1639 he was one of the seven
members of the first church at New Haven, In 1640 he pur-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630. 129
chased for the town, of Ponus, the* Indian Sagamore, the tract
of land which is now the town of Stamford, for which he paid
ih " coats, shoes, hatchets, &c." His active and useful life was
soon after terminated in a melancholy manner. In January,
1647, he sailed for England, with Capt, Lamberton, in a vessel
which was never heard of more. Governor Winthrop informs
us that in June, 1648, the apparition of a ship was seen under
full saU, moving up the harbor of New Haven, a little before
sunset, in a pleasant afternoon, and that as it approached the
shore, it slowly vanished. This was thought to have a refer
ence to the fate of Capt. Lamberton's ship. The following epi
taph was written to the memory of Capt, Turner,
Deep in Atlantic cave his body sleeps,
WhUe the dark sea its ceaseless motion keeps,
While phantom ships are wrecked along the shore,
To warn his friends that he will come no more !
But He who governs all with impulse free,
Can bring from Bashan and the deepest sea, /
And when He calls our Tm-ner must return,
Though now his ashes fill.no sacred m-n,
[In 1639, Capt, Turner, in connection with Rev. Mr, Daven
port and four others, at New Haven, was appointed to " have
the disposing of all house lotts, yet undisposed of about this
towne, to such persons as they shall judge meete for the good
ofthe plantation ; and thatt none come to dwell as planters here
without their consent and allowance, whether they gome in by
purchase or otherwise," In 1640, Capt, Turner, as agent for
New Haven, made a large purchase of lands on both sides of the
Delaware river — suflScient for a number of plantations. The
purchase was made chiefly with a view to trade, though the
establishment of Puritan churches was an object. Trading
houses were erected, and nearly fifty families sent out. In all
fundamental matters theDelaware colonies were to be under
the jurisdiction of New Haven. In the same year he made the
purchase of the Indian territory of Rippowams — Stamford —
as noted by Mr. Lewis, partly of Ponus and partly of Wascussue,
another chief He gave for the whole, " twelve coats, twelve
hoes, twelve hatchets, twelve knives, two kettles, and four
fathom of white wampum." In a sale to the"people of Wethers
field, a while after, the tract was valued at thirty pounds ster
ling, [In a list, made in 1643, giving the .names of a hundred and
twenty-two New Haven planters, with the number of their fam
iUes — including only parents and children — and the value of
their estates, the family of Capt, Turner is put down at seven,
and his estate at £800, the latter being as high as any on the
list, with the exception of ten,
[But the land speculations of New Haven do not seem to
9

130 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630.
have turned out in any degree profitable. The Delaware trade
was not successful; and the Dutch were troublesome at Stam
ford. And she seems literally to have struck a vein of ill-fortune,
in which she was destined to struggle for some time. It was
under a desperate effort to retrieve her fortunes, that the planters
sent to Rhode Island and had a ship of a hundred and fiftytons
built, hoping to open a profitable foreign trade. By joining
their means, the planters were able to freight her in a satisfac
tory manner. Capt, Turner, with five others of the principal
men embarked, and she saUed from New Haven in January,
1647, Nothing was ever heard either of the vessel or any on
board, unless the apparition which appeared in the harbor, the
next June, immediately after a great thunder storm — the re
nowned phantom ship — be regarded as tidings. Capt, Turner,
had kept alive his friendship for the people of Lynn, and whUe
" New Haven's heart was sad," there were many here to mourn
his fate.] " _ ^
Thomas Talmadge — was a farmer, and was admitted a free
man in 1634. He4iad a son Thomas, •_,
Richard Walker, (Capt,)— ^ was a farmer, and resided on the
west of Saugus river. He was born in 1593, and was admitted
a freeman in 1634, He was buried 16 May, 1687, aged 95. He
had two sons; Richard, born ,1611, who came over in 1635,
removed to Reading, and was several times chosen representa
tive ; and Samuel, who also removed to Reading. He likewise
had two daughters ; Tabitha, who married Daniel King, March
11, 1662; and EUzabeth, who married Ralph King, March 2,
1663. John White — was a farmer, and was admitted a freeman in
1633. [He removed to Southampton, L. I. ; there he became a
man of property and reared a large family. He died in 1662.]
Bray Wilkins — was a farmer, and lived on the western
side of the Flax Pond. He was admitted a freeman in 1634,
and removed to Danvers. [He was an inhabitant of Dorchester
in 1641, and was then, or had been, keeper of Neponset ferry;
was back again in 1664, a farmer, and tenant on Gov. BeUing-
ham's farm, when his house was burned. He died 1 Jan. 1702,
aged 91.]
Thomas Willis — was a farmer, and the first resident on
the hiU on which the alms-house is situated. The land on the
south was caUed WiUis's .Neck, and that on the north, WiUis's
Meadow. He was a representative in the first General Court
in 1634, and a member of the Essex Court, in 1639. He became
one of the first proprietors of Sandwich, in 1637, but did not
remove at that time.
William Witter — was a farmer and resided at Swampscot.
He says, in a deposition in Salem Court files, 15 and 27 April,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630. 131
1657, "Blacke wiU, or duke william, so called, came to my
house, (which was two or three miles from Nahant,) when Tho
mas Dexter had bought Nahant for a suit of clothes; the said
Black will Asked me what I would give him for the Land my
house stood vppon, it being his land, and his ffather's wigwam
stood their abouts, James Sagomore and John, and the Sago-
more of Agawame, and diners more, And George Sagomore,
being a youth was present, all of them acknowlidginge Black
will to be the Right owner of the Land my house stood on, and
Sagomore Hill and Nahant was all his ; " and adds that he
" bought Nahant and Sagomer Hill and Swamscoate of Black
William for two pestle stones." He died in 1659, aged 75 years.
The name of his wife was Annis, and his children were Josiah,
and Hannah, who married Robert Burdin. By his wiU, 6 Au^,
1657, he gives his, wife Annis half his estate, and Josiah the
other half; and says, "Hannah shall have a yew and lamb this
time twelf mounth," [This was the William Witter who sorely
offended the authorities by entertaining Obadiah Holmes, John
Crandall, _ and John Clarke, when they traveled hither from
Rhode Island, and who was called to account for his opinions
against infant baptism. " It came to pass," says Clarke's narra
tive " that we three by the good hand of our God, came into
the Mathatusets Bay upon the 16 day of the 5th Moneth 51 ;
and upon the 19th of the same, upon occasion of businesse, we
came into a Town in the same Bay called Lin, where we lodged
at a Blind-man's house neer two mUes out of the Town, by name
William Witter, who being baptized into Christ waits, as we
also doe, for ther kingdom of God and the full consolation of the
Israel of God." For something further concerning the visit
of these notable travelers see under date 1651.]
Richard Weight, (Capt.) — was selected in 1632, to confer
with the Governor about raising a public fund. He was admit
ted a freeman in 1634. He removed to Boston; where, in 1636,
he contributed 6s. 8d. " towards the maintenance of a free
school-master." (Boston Records.)
The great body of fifty persons, with their families, who came
to Lynn this year, settled in all parts of the town, selecting the
most eligible portions, and each occupying from ten>to two hun
dred acres, and some more. They were principally farmers, and
possessed a large stock of horned cattie, sheep and goats. For
several years, before the land was divided, and the-fields fenced,
the cattle were fed in one drove, and guarded by a man, who,
from his employment, was called a hayward. The sheep, goats,
and swine were kept on Nahant, where they were tended by a
shepherd, Nahant seems to have been sold several times, to
different individuals, by " Black WiUiam," who also gave it to
the plantation for a sheep pasture, A fence of raUs. put near

132 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1630.
together, was made across the beach, near Nahant, to keep out
the wolves, as those animals do not cUmb. When the people
were about buUding this fence, Captain Turner said, " Let us
make haste, lest the country should take it from us." (Deposi
tion in Salem Court Records, 22 AprU, 1657.) The people of
Lynn, for many years, appear to have lived in the most perfect
democracy. They had town meetings every three months, for
the regulation of their pubUc affairs. They cut their wood in
common, and drew lots for the grass in the meadows and
marshes. These proved very serviceable to the farmers, by
furnishing them with sustenance for their cattle; which was
probably the reason why there were more farmers at Lynn,
than in any other of the early settlements. Mr. Johnson says,
" The chiefest corn they planted, before they had plowes, was
Indian grain -^ and let no man make a jest of Pumpkins, for
with this food the Lord was pleased to feed his people to their
good content, till Corne and Cattell were increased." Their
corn at the first, was pounded, after the manner of the Indians,
with a pestle of wood or stone, in a mortar made either of stone,
or a log hollowed out at one end. They also cultivated large
fields of barley and wheat. Much of the former was made into
malt for beer. They raised considerable quantities of flax,
which was rotted in one of the ponds, thence called the Flax
Pond, Their first houses were rude structures, covered with
thatch, or small bundles of sedge or straw, laid one over another,
A common form of the early cottages, was eighteen feet square,
and seven feet post, with the roof steep enough to form'a sleep
ing chamber. The better houses were built with two stories in
front, and sloped down to one in the rear; the upper story
projecting about a foot, with very sharp gables. The frames
were of heavy oak timber, showing the beams inside. Burnt
clam shells were used for lime, and the walls were whitewashed.
The fire-places were made of rough stones, and the chimneys
of boards, or short sticks, crossing each other, and plastered
inside with clay. The windows were smaU, opening outward
on hinges. They consisted of very smaU diamond panes, set in
sashes of lead. The fire-places were large enough to admit a
four-foot log, and the children might sit in the corners and look
up at the stars. People commonly burned about twenty cords
of wood in a year, and the ministers were allowed thirty cords.
On whichever side of the road the houses were placed, they
uniformly faced the south, that the sun at noon might " shine
square." Thus each house formed a domestic sun-dial, by which
the good matron, in the absence of the clock, could teU, in fair
weather, when to caU her husband and sons from the field • for
the industrious people of Lynn, then as weU as now, always
dmed exactly at twelve, [In this description of the ancient

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630, 133
houses Mr, Lewis has to some extent mixed the styles of differ
ent periods. On page 114 there is a brief description of a novel
style of habitation which prevailed in New England at the time
of the early settlements.] It was the custom of the first settlers
to wear long beards, and Governor Winthrop says, " Some had
their overgrown beards so frozen together, that they could not
get their strong water bottells to their mouths." In very hot
weather, says Wood " servants were priviledged to rest from
their labors,, from ten of the clocke till two." The common
address of men and women was Goodman and Goodwife ; none
but those who sustained some office of dignity, or were descend
ed from some respectable family, were complimented with the
title of Master. [Was not the distinction, at first, based solely
upon admission to the rights of freeman, or member of the
Company ? But see further remarks on the point elsewhere in
this volume.] In writing they seldom used a capital F ; and
thus in the early records we find two small ones used instead ;
and one m, with a dash over it, stood for two, [And so of some
other letters. The act naming the town, passed in 1637, stands
thus: "Saugust is called Lin."] The following ballad, written
about this time, exhibits some of the peculiar customs and modes
of thinking among the early settlers :
The place where we live is a wildemess wood.
Where grass is much wanting that 's fruitful and good;
Our mountains and hiUs, and our valleys below,
Being commonly covered with ice and with snow.
And when the northwest wind vrith violence blows,
Then every man pulls his cap over his nose ;
But if any is hardy, and will it withstand.
He forfeits a finger, a foot, or a hand.
And when the spring opens, we then take the hoe,
And make the ground ready to plant and to sow ;
Our com being planted, and seed being sown,
The worms destroy much before it is grown —
And while it is growing, some spoil there is made
By birds and by squirrels, that pluck up the blade ;
And when it is come to full com in the ear,
It is often destroyed by racoon and by deer.
And now our old garments begin to grow thin.
And wool is much wanted to card and to spin ;
If we can get a garment to cover without.
Our other in garments are clout [patch] upon clout.
Our clothes we brought wjth us are apt to be tom,
They need to be clouted soon after they 're wom ;
But clouting our garments they hmder us nothing.
Clouts double are warmer than single whole clotbing.
L

134. ' ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630.
If fresh meat be wanting to fill up om- dish, >
We have can-ots and pumpkins, and tm-nips and fish ;
And if there 's a mind for a delicate dish.
We haste to the clam banks and take what we vsTsh.
Stead of pottage and puddings and custai-ds and piesj
Our turnips and parsnips are common supplies;
We have pumpkins at moming, and pumpkins at noon.
If it was not for pumpkins we should be imdone.
If barley be wantmg to make into malt,
We must then be contented and think it no fault ;
For we can make liquor to sweeten om- lips,
• Of pumpkins and parsnips and walnut tree chips.
Now while some are going let others be coming, _
For while liquor 's boiling it must have a scumming ;
But I will not blame them, for birds of a feather,
By seeking their fellows, are flocking together.
Then you whom the Lord intends hither to bring,
Forsake not the honey for fear ofthe sting ;
But bring both a quiet and contented mind,
And all needful blessings you sm-ely shall find.
The General Court, for the first, four years, consisted of the
Governor, Deputy Governor, twelve Assistants, or magistrates,
and all who had obtained the privileges of freemen. Instead,
therefore, of sending representatives, the whole number of free
men attended the Court in person. An order was made, that
no persons should be admitted to the privUeges of freemen, but
such as were members of some church, and had certificates from
their ministers that their opinions were approved. This policy
continued, till it was abrogated by an order from king Charles
IL, in 1662. '
Lynn was incorporated in 1630, by the admission of its free
men as members of the General Court. There were no acts
of incorporation for several of the early towns. Boston, Salem,
and Charlestown, were 'no otherwise incorporated, than by their
freemen taking their seats in the General Court. They never
paused to inquire if they were incorporated ; the very act of
their being there was an incorporation. The freemen of Lynn
were an important and respectable portion ofthe General Court,
and Lynn was as much incorporated in 1630 as Boston was.
The injustice which has been done to Lynn, by placing her
incorporation seven years too late, should be corrected.
The foUowing order was passed by the General Court, for
regulating the prices of labon " It is ordered, that no master
carpenter, mason, joiner, or bricklayer, shaU take above 16d. a
Day for their work, if they have meate and Drinke ; and the
second sort not above 12d. a Day, under payne of Xs. both to
giver and receiven" This order probably occasioned some

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1630, 135
dissatisfaction, as the Court, some months after, determined
that wages should be left unlimited, " as men shall reasonably
agree," [The evil effects of strong drink were felt in the very infancy
of the plantations. As early as this year the Court found it
expedient to pass the following summary order, whicli looks
like a sort of special liquor law: "It is ordered, that, all Rich:
Gloughes stronge water shall presently be seazed vpon, for his
selling greate quantytie thereof to seual mens serv's which was
the ocacon of much disorder, drunkenes & misdemeatf." A
number of years subsequent to this, however. Rev. Mr, Firmin,
rector at Shalford, who had been in several of the New England
settiements and had practised physic at Boston, declared in a
sermon before Parliament and the Westminster Assembly, that
he had been seven years among the planters, and had " never
heard one profane oath," and in " all that time never did see a
a man drunk," These declarations have been quoted as those
of Hugh Peters, but incorrectly. The seven years alluded to
probably terminated in 1643. As Savage remarks, the decla
rations are better proof of the keepipg of good company than
of searching for examples. The frequent enactments regard
ing the sale of "stronge water," and the numerous instances
of punishment awarded for drunkenness tell a very different
story.] The Indians, having become acquainted with the use of guns,
and having seen their superiority over bows and arrows, would
give almost any amount in land, beaver skins, or wampum, for
them. This caused an apprehension of danger, and on the 28th
of Sept. tbe Court ordered, that " noe person whatsoever shall,
either directly or indirectiy, imploy or cause to be employed,
or to their power permit any Indian, to vse any peece vpon any
occasion or pretence whatsoever, under pain of Xs. ffyne for
the first offence, and for tbe 2 offence to be ffyned and impris
oned at the discretion ofthe Court."
A company of militia was organized, of which Richard Wright
was captain, Daniel Howe lieutenant, and Richard Walker en
sign. The officers were not chosen by the people, but appointed
by the Governor, The company possessed two iron cannon,
ealled " sakers, or gi-eat guns."
There is a story that two of the early settlers went to Nahant
for fowl, and separated. One of them kiUed a seal on Pond
Beach, and leaving him, went after some birds. When he re
turned, he found a bear feeding on the seal. He fired at him a
charge of shot, which caused him to fall, and then beat him with
his six foot gun till it broke. The bear then stood up, wounded
the man and tore his clothes ; but the man, extricating himself,
ran into the pond, where he remained until his companion came

136 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1631.
and relieved him. They then returned to the town and informed
the people, who went down in the evening and made a fire on
the beach, which they kept burning through the night, to pre
vent the bear from coming off. In the morning they went to
Nahant and killed him.
Much mischief was occasioned among the cattle, for many
years, by the wolves, which. Wood says, used to travel in com
panies of ',' ten or twelve." On the 13th of Sept,, says Win
throp, " the wolves kUled some swine at Saugus." On the 9th
of Nov., the Court ordered, that if any one killed a wolf, he
should have one penny for each cow and horse, and one farthing
for each sheep and swine in the plantation. Many pits were
dug in the woods to entrap them, and some of them are yet to
be seen. It is said that a woman, as she was rambling in the
woods for berries, fell into one of these pits, from which she
was unable to extricate herself. In the evening, a wolf made
her a very unceremonious visit, dropping down at her side,
through the bushes with which the pit was covered. Finding
himself entrapped, and being as much afraid of the woman as
S|he was of him, he retired to the opposite corner of the pit ;
and thus they remained through the night, ogling each other
with any looks but those of an enamored couple. The next day
the friends of the woman arrived at the pit, frbm which they
took her without injury, and prevented any future visit from
her rude and unwelcome intruder, [Wood remarks that a black
calf was considered worth more than a red one, because the
red, bearing greater resemblance to a deer, was more likely to
become the victim of wolves,]
1631,
In the early part of this year, provisions were very scarce,
and iuany persons depended for subsistence upon clams, ground
nuts, and acorns. Wheat was sold for fourteen shillings, ($3.11)
a bushel ; and Indian corn, brought from Virginia, for eleven
shUlings ($2.44). The price of cattie, for several years, contin
ued very high. A good cow was valued at twenty-five pounds,
($111.11,) and a yoke of oxen at forty pounds ($177.77),
- On the third of February, the Court laid a tax of sixty pounds,
to make a paUsade or defense about Newtown, now Cambridge.
The proportion o£ Saugus and Marble Harbour, or Lynn and
Marblehead, was six pounds.
On the 18th of February, a vessel owned by Mr. John Glover
of Dorchester, was wrecked on Nahant rocks ; but the crew
were all saved.
Tbe Court, on the first of March, ordered, " That if any per
son, within the-Lymitts of this Patent, doe trade, trucke or seU
any money, either sUver or golde, to any Indian, or any man

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1631. 137
that knowe of any that shall soe doe, and conceal the same,
shall forfeit twenty for one. Further it is ordered, that what
ever person hath received an Indian into their ffamilie as a
servant, shall discharge themselves of them by the 1th of May
next, and that noe person shall hereafter entertain any Indian
for a servant without licence from the Court."
Wonohaquaham and Montowampate, the sagamores of Wini-
simet and Lynn, having been defrauded of twenty beaver skins,
by a man in England, named Watts, went to Governor Winthrop,
on 26 March, to solicit his assistance in recovering their value.
The Governor entertained them kindly, and gave them a letter
of introduction to Emanuel Downing, Esq., an eminent lawyer
in London. Tradition says, that Montowampate went to Eng
land, where he was treated with much respect as ah Indian king ;
but, disliking the English delicacies^ he hastened back to Sau
gus, to the enjoyment of his clams and succatash.
At this time, there was no bridge across Saugus river, and
people who traveled to Boston were compelled to pass through
the woods in the northern part of the town, and ford the stream
by the Iron Works, which were near the site of the present
woolen factories, in Saugus Centre. The following extract from
a letter written by Mn John Endicott, of Salem, to Gov, Win
throp, on the 12th of April, illustrates this custom, Mr, Endicott
had just been married. He says : " Right Worshipful, I did
hope to have been with you in person at the Court, and to that
end I put to sea yesterday, and was driven back again, the wind
being stiff against us ; and there being no canoe or boat at Sau
gus, I must have been constrained to go to Mistic, and thence
about to Charlestown ; which at this time I durst not be so bold,
my body being at present in an ill condition to take cold, and
therefore I pray you to pardon me,"
A quarrel had arisen, a short time previous, between Mr. En
dicott and Thomas Dexter, in which the Salem magistrate so
far forgot his dignity as to strike Mr. Dexter, who complained
to the Court at Boston. It was on this occasion that Mr, Endi
cott wrote the letter from which the preceding extract is made.
He thus continues : " I desired the rather to have been at Cpiirt,
because I hear I am much complained of by Goodman Dexter
for striking him ; understanding since it is not lawful for a jus
tice of peace to strike. But if you had seen the manner of his
carriage, with such (faring of me, with his arms akimbo, it would
have provoked a very patient man.. He hath given out, if I had
a purse he would make me empty it, and if he cannot have jus
tice here,* he will do wonders in England ; and if he cannot
prevail there, he will try it out with me here at blows. If it
were lawful for me to try it at blows, and he a fit man for me
to deal witb, you should not hear me complain." The jury, to
L*

138 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1631.
\?hom the case was referred, gave their verdict for Mr. Dexter,
on the third of May, and gave damages ten pounds, ($44.44).
[An error was made in copying from the record, which stands
thus : " The jury findes for the plaintiffe and cesses for dam
ages xls." ($8.88), It is evident that the second numeral and s,
were mistaken for a pound mark, thus increasing the 40s. to lOZ,]
Besides the evidence of the blow, Mn Endicott manifests some
what of an irascible disposition in his letter ; and Mn Dexter
was not a man to stand for nice points of etiquette on occasions
of irritability. Some years afterward, having been insulted by
Samuel Hutchinson, he net him one day on the road, and jump
ing from his horse, he bestowed " about twenty blows on his
head and shoulders," to the no smaU danger and deray of his
'senses, as well as sensibilities,
April 12, " It is ordered that every Captaine shaU traine his
companie on saterday in every weeke."
May 18. "It is ordered that no person shall kill any wild
swine, without a general agreement at some court,"
'July 5. A tax of thirty poiinds was laid for the purpose of
> opening a canal from Charles river to Cambridge, The requisi
tion on Lynn was for one pound.
Masconomo, the sagamore of Agawam, or Ipswich, having
committed some offence against the eastern Indians, the Court,
on the fifth of July, passed an order, forbidding him to enter
any Englishman's house within one year, under a penalty of ten
beaver skins. The Taratines, also, undertook to avenge their
own wrong. On the eighth of August, about one hundred of
them landed from their canoes, at Ipswich, in the night, and
killed seven of Masconomo's men, and wounded several more,
some of whom died. They also wounded Wonohaquaham and
Montowampate, who were o"n a visit to that place ; and carried
away Wenuchus, the wife of Montowampate, a captive. She
was detained by them about two monthsj and was restored on
the intercession of Mr. Abraham Shurd of Pemaquid, who traded
with the Indians. She returned on the 17tb of Sept^ibejr.
For her release, the Taratines demanded a quantity of wampum
aud beaver skins.
The people of Lynn were soon after alarmed by a report tbat
the Taratines intended an attack on them, and appointed men
each night to keep a watch. Once, about midnight. Ensign
Richard Walker, who was on the guard, heard the bushes break
near him, and felt an arrow pass through his coat and "buff
waistcoat."' As the night was dark he could see no one, but he
discharged his gun, which, being heavUy loaded, spht in pieces.
He then caUed the guard, and returned to the. place, when he
had another arrow shot through his clothes. Deeming it impru
dent to proceed in the dark against a concealed enemy he

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1632. 139
desisted from further search tiU morning. The people then
assembled, and discharged their cannon into the woods ; after
which, the Indians gave them no further molestation.
Governor Winthrop, who passed through Lynn, 28 Oct., puts
dxjwn in his journal, " A plentiful crop."
Thus have we seen the town, which three years before was
a wilderness of Indians, now occupied by cottages of white men,
living in harmony witb the natives ; clearing the forest, and
cultivating the soU, and by the blessing of Providence, reaping
"a rich reward for their labors. The Indians had received tbem
with kindness, and given them liber^^ to settle where they
pleased ; but some . years after, they made an agreement with
the natives for the land. The deed has shared the fate of the
lost records ; but one of the town treasurers told me that he
had the deed in his possession about the year 1800, and that
the compensation was sixteen pounds ten shillings — about
seventy-three dollars. The people of Salem paid twenty pounds
for the deed of their town. [Tbe Indian deed of Lynn here
referred to is no doubt the one which is copied on page 51,
et seq., with introductory remarks.]
1632.
For the first three years, the people of Lynn had no minister,
but some of them attended .church at Salem, and others had
meetings for prayer and exhortation. The Rev. Stephen Bach-
ILEE, with his family, arrived at Boston on Thursday, 5 June,
after a tedious passage of eighty-eight days. He came in the
ship William and Francis, Capt. Thomas, which sailed from Lon
don, 9 March. He immediately came to Lynn, where his daugh
ter Theodate, wife of Christopher Hussey resided. He was
seventy-one years of age. In his company were six persons
who had belonged to a churdh with him in England ; and of these
he constituted a church at Lynn, to which he admitted such as
desired to become members, and commenced the exercise of his
public ministrations on Sunday, 8 June, without instaUation.
He baptized four children, born before his arrival ; two of whom,
Thomas Newhall and Stephen Hussey, were born the saine
week. Thomas, being the first white child born in Lynn, was
first presented ; but Mr. Bachiler put him aside, saying, " I will
baptize my own child first " — meaning his daughter's child.
The church at Lynn was the fifth in Massachusetts. The first
was gathered at Salem, 6 Aug., 1629 ; the second at Dorchester,
in June, 1630; the third at Charlpstown, 30 July, 1630, and re
moved to Boston; the fourth at Watertown on the same day;
and the fifth at Lynn, 8 June, 1632. The first meeting-house
was a small plain building, without bell or cupola, and stood
on the northeastern corner of Shepard and Summer streets.

140 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1632.
It was placed in a small hollow, that it might be better sheltered
from the winds, a];id was partly sunk into the earth, being en
tered by descending several steps.
In the General Court, 9 May, " A proposition was made by
the people that every company of trained men might choose
their own captain and officers ; but the Governor, giving them
reasons to the contrary, they were satisfied without it."
On the 14th of June^ as Capt. Richard Wright was returning
from the eastward, in a vessel, with about eight hundred doUars'.
worth of goods on board, one of the crew, when off Portsmouth,
proceeded to light his pipe; but was requested to desist, as
there was a barrel of powder on board. He replied that he
should " take one pipe if the devil carried him away." The
boat and the man, says Winthrop, were presently blown to
pieces ; but the rest of the crew, though some of them were
drunk and asleep, escaped.
Governor Winthrop, in his journal, 14 Aug, remarks : " This
week they had, in barley and oats, at Sagus, about twenty acres
good corn, and sown with the plough." *
On the 4th of September, Richard Hopkins, of Watertown,
was arraigned for seUing a gun and pistol, with powder and
shot, to Montowampate, the Lynn sagamore. The sentence of
the Court was that he should " be severely whippt, and branded
with a hot iroh on one of his cheekes," One of the Saugus
Indians gave the information, on promise of concealment, for his
discovery would have exposed him to the resentment of his tribe,
Capt. Nathaniel Turner was chosen, by the General Court,
" constable of Saugus for this year, and tiU a new be chosen.''
¦[The Court order that Sarah Morley be "putt as an appren
tice to M' Nathaniel Turner, of Saugus, for the space of nyne
yeares, from this Court, for w"" tearme he is to finde her meate
drinke & clothing."] , '
In consequence of a suspicion that the Indians were conspir
ing the destruction of the whites, the neighboring sagamores
were called before the Governor on the 14th of Septemben
The readiness with which they appeared, evinced their friendly
disposition. "^
Mn BachUer had been in the performance of his pastoral
duties about four months, when a complaint was made of some
irregularities m his conduct. He was arraigned before the
Court at Boston, on the 3d of October, when the foUowine
order was passed : " Mn BachUer is required to forbeare exer
cising his giftes as a pastor or teacher publiquely in our Pattent
unlesse ithe to those he brought with him, for his contempt
of authority, aud until some scandles be removed " This was
the commencement of a series of difficulties which agitated the
unhappy church for several years.

ANNALS OF LTNN— 1633. 141
October 3. • " It is ordered, that Saugus plantation shalj have
liberty to build a ware upon Saugus Ryver also they have prom
ised to make and continually to keepe a goode foote bridge,
upon the most convenient place there." This wear was chiefly
built by Thomas Dexter, for the purpose of taking bass ahd
alewives, of which many were dried and smoked for shipping.
It crossed the river near the Iron Works. The bridge was only
a rude structure of timber and rails.
" It is further ordered, that no person shall take any tobacco
publiquely, under pain of punishment ; also that every one shall
pay one penny for every time he is convicted of taking tobacco
in any place."
On the second of November, a vessel, commanded by Captain
Pierce, and loaded with fish, of which Mn John Humfrey was
part owner, was wrecked off. Cape Charles, and twelve men
drowned, November 7, " It is ordered that the Captaines shall train
their companyes but once a monethe."
" It is referred to Mr, Turner, Peter Palfrey, and Roger Co
nant, to sett out a proportion of land in Saugus for John Hum
frey, Esqr." This land was laid out at Swampscot. Mr. Turner
was also one of the committee to settle a difference respecting
the boundary line between Cambridge and Charlestown.
In the month of December, a servant girl, in the family of the
Rev. Samuel Skelton, of Salem, coming to see her friends at
Lynn, lost her way, and wandered seven days. Mr. Winthrop
says, " All that time she was in the woods, having no kind of
food, the snow being very deep, and as cold as at any time that
winter. She was so frozen into the snow some mornings, as
she was one hour before she could get up." Mr, Wood says,
" The snow being on the ground at first, she might have trackt
her own footsteps back again ; but wanting that understanding,
she wandered, till God, by his speciall Providence brought her
backe to the place she went from, where she lives to this day,"
1633.
In the month of January, this year, Poquanum, the sagamore
of Nahant was unfortunately killed. Several vessels having
been to the eastward in search of some pirates, stopped on their
return at Richmond's Isle, near Portland, where they found
" Black WiUiam," whom they hanged in revenge for the murder
of Walter Bagnall, who had been kUled by the Indians, on the
3d of October, 1631, Mr. Winthrop says that Bagnall " was a
wicked fellow, and had much wronged the Indians." It is not
certain that Poquanum had any concern in his death ; on the
contrary, Governor Winthrop tells us that he was killed by
" Squidraysett and his Indians," Thus terminated the existence

142 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1633.
of a chief who had welcomed the white men, and Bestowed ben
efits on them.
In the course of a few months, Mr, BachUer had so far suc
ceeded in regaining the esteem of the people, that the Court, on
the 4th of March, removed their injunction that he should not
preach in the colony, and left him at liberty to resume the per
formance of his public services.
At jthe same Court, Mr. Thomas Dexter was ordered to " be
set in the bUbowes, disfranchised, and fined X£ for speaking
reproachful and seditious words against the government here
established." The bilbows were a kind of stocks, like those in
which the hands and feet of poor Hudibras were confined.

-"The Knight

And brave squu-e from their steeds alight.
At the outer wall, near which there stands
A Bastile, made to imprison hands.
By strange enchantment made to fetter
The lesser parts, and free the greater,"
[Another error in transcribing occurred here. The fine of
Mr, Dexter was forty pounds instead of ten ; a fact which goes
still further to show that the offence was regarded as of great
enormity, and that fractious people' some times found the luxury
of raUing at the government an expensive one. At this blessed
day of liberty things are different. The fine of Mr. Dexter was
not promptly paid, however. And some years afterward, to
wit, in 1638, the larger part was remitted, the record standing
thus : " 4 M'ch, Thom : Dexter being fined iOl. there was 30?,
of it remited him." (Col. Recs.)]
One of those elegant and commpdious appendages of the
law — the bilbows — was placed near the meeting-house; where
it stood the terror and punishment of aU such evU doers as
spoke_ against the government, chewed tobacco, or went to
sleep in a sermon two hours long. However censurable Mn
Dexter may have been, his punishment was certainly dispro-
, portioned to his fault. To be deprived of the privUeges of a
freeman, to be exposed to the ignominy of the stocks, and to be
amerced in. a fine of more than forty doUars, [40Z.] show that
the magistrates were greatly incensed bv his remarks. If every
man were to be set in the bilbows, who" speaks against govern
ment, in these days, there would scarcely be trees enough in
Lynn woods to make stocks of. The magistrates of those days
bad not acquired the lesson, which their successors have long
since learned, that censure is the tax which public men must
pay for their adventitious greatness. [But so ravenously fond
are most people of position, that they are ready enough to pay
the tax tor the enjoyment of the privilege]
On the fourth of March, Mr. Nathaniel Turner was chosen

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1633. 143
by the General Court, " Captaine of the military company att
Saugus." Captain Turner gave ten pounds " towards the sea fort," built
for the defense of Boston harbor. Capt. Richard Wright gave
" 400 feet 4 inch planke," for the same purpose.
Mr. Edward Howe was fined twenty shillings, "for selling
stronge waters, contrary to order of Court."
[The nineteenth of June was " appoyncted to be kept as a day
of publique thanksgiueing throughout the seval plantacons.'']
At a town meeting on the twelfth of July, the inhabitants
made a grant to Mn Edward Tomlins, of a privUege to build a
i corn mUl, at the mouth of the stream which flows from the Flax
pond, where Chase's mill now stands. This was the second
raill in the colony, the first having been built at Dorchester, the
same year. [For the correction of an error as to the location
of the first mUl in Lynn, see page 128.] At this time, the pond
next above the Flax pond was partly a meadow; and some
years after a dam was built and the pond raised by Edward
Tomlins, from whom it was called Tomlins's pond. In reference
to this mill, we find the foUowing testimonies, given 3 June,
1678, in the Essex Registry of Deeds,
" I, George Keaser, Aged about 60 yeare, doe testifie, that being at a Towne
meetinge in Linne meeting hopse many yeares agoe, mr, Edward Tomlins
made complaint then to the Towne of Linae, that there was not water enough
in the great pond next to the Towne of Linne to serve the mill to grind theire
grist in the sumer time, and he desu-ed leave of the Towne to make a dam in
the upper pond to keep a head of water against the height of sumer time, that
soe he might have a suply of water to Grind then- Grist in the drought of sum
er. And the Towne of linne granted him his request, that he would make a
dam there, where the old trees lay for a bridge for all people to goe over,
insteed of abridg." ,
" This I, Clement Coldam, aged about 55 years, doe testifie, that the grant
of the old miU was in July yo 12, 1633, to Edward Tomlins, which was the
second mill in this colony ; and after the Towne saw that the mill could not
supply the Towne, they gave leave to build an overshoot mill upon the same
water ; with a sluice called by the name of the old siuce, being made by Mr.
Howell, the second owner ofthe mill ; and then Mr. Howell did sell the same
mill to John Elderldn ; and John Elderkin did sell it to mr. Bennet, and mr,
Bennet did sell it to Goodman Wheeler, and Goodman Wheeler sould it to
John Ballai-d, and John Ballard sold it to Henry Rhodes. And this I testifie
that the water to supply the mill with, was granted to the mill, before any
Meddow in the Towne was granted to any man, wee mowing all comon then.
And this I testifie, that I kept the key of the old siuce for mr. South, which is
since about 27 or 28 yeares agoe," ,
Edward Richards testified that Mr, Tomlins " was not to stop
(>r hinder the alewives to go up to the great pond,"
The foUowing description of ancient Saugus and Nahant is
extracted from " New Englands Prospect," written this year
by WiUiam Wood of Lynn, and which he says was undertaken,
" because there hath been many scandalous and false reports

144 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1633.
past upon the country, even from the sulphurous breath of every
base ballad monger,"
" The next plantation is Saugus, sixe miles northeast from Winnesunet
This Towne is pleasant for situation, seated in the bottom of a Bajr, which is
made on one side vrith the surrounding shore, and on the other with a long,
sandy Beach, This sandy beach is two miles long at the end, whereon is a
necke of land called Nahant It is sixe miles in circumference, well wooded
vrith Oakes, Pines and Cedars. It is beside, well watered, having beside the
fi-esh Spi-ings, a great Pond m the middle, before which is a spacious Marsh.
In this necke is store of good ground, tit for the Plow ; but for the present it
is only used for to put young Cattle in, and weather Goates, and Swine, to
secure them from the Woolues ; a few posts and rayles, from the low water
mai-kes to the shore, keepes out the Woolves, and keepes in the Cattle. One
Blacke William, an Indian Duke, out of his generosity, gave this place in gen
erall to this plantation of Saugus, so that no other can appropriate it to
himselfe. "Vpon the South side ofthe Sandy Beach, the Sea beatetji, which is a
true prognostication to presage stormes and foule weather, and the breaking
up ofthe Frost. For when a storme hath been, or is likely to be, it vriU roare
like Thunder, being heard sixe miles ; and after stormes casts up great stores
of great Clammes, which the Indians, taking out of their shels, carry home in
baskets. On the North side of this Bay is two great Marshes, which are made
two by a pleasant River, which runnes between them. Northward up this
river goes gi-eat store of Alewives, of which they make good Red Herrings;
insomuch that they have been at charges to make them a wayre, and a Her-
i-ing house to dry these Hen-ings in ; the last year were dried some 4 or 5
Last [150 barrels] for an experiment, which proved vei-y good; this is like to
prove a great inrichment to the land, being a staple commodity in other Coun
tries, for there be such innumerable companies in every river, that I have
seen ten thousand taken in two houres, by two men, vrithout any weke at all
saving a few stones to stop their passage up the river. There l^ievrise come
store of Basse, which the English and Indians catch with hooke and line, some
fifty or three score at a tide. At the mouth of this river runnes up a great
Creeke into that great Marsh, which is called Rumney Marsh, which is 4 miles
long, and 2 miles broad, halfe of it being Marsh ground, and halfe upland
grasse, vrithout ti-ee or bush ; this Marsh is crossed with divers creekes, wherein
lye great store of Geese and Duckes. There be convenient Ponds, for the
planting of Duck coyes. Here is likewise belonging to this place, divers fresh
Meddowes, which afford good grasse ; and foure spacious Ponds, like httle
Lakes, wherein is good store of fresh Fish, within a mile of the Towne ; out
of which runnes a curious fresh Broocke, that is seldom frozen, by reason ofthe
warmnesse ofthe water ; upon this stream is built a water Mihie, and up this
river come Smelts and frost fish, much bigger than a Gudgeon. For wood
there is no want, there being store of good Oakes, WaDnut, Cedar, Aspe,
Elme. The ground is very good, in many places without trees, and fiffor
the plough. In this place is more EngUsh tillage than in all New England
and Virgmia besides ; which proved as well as could be expected; the com
being very good, especially the Barley, Rye and Gates.
" The land affordeth to the inhabitants as many varieties as any place else,
and the sea more ; the Basse continuing from the middle of April to Michael
mas [Sept. 29,] which stayes not half that time in the Bay [Boston Harbor ;]
besides, here is a gi-eat deal of Rock cod and Macrill, insomuch that shoales
of Bass have driven up shoales of Maci-ill, from one end ofthe sandy Beach to
the other; which the inhabitants have gathered up in wheelban-ows. The
Bay which lyeth before the Towne, at a lowe spring tyde will be all flatts for
two- miles together; upon which is great store of Muscle Banckes, and Clam
banckes, and Lobsters amongst the rockes and gi-assie holes. These flatts

I
ANNALS OP LTNN — 1633. 145
make it unnavigable for shippes ; yet at high water, great Boates, Loiters,
[lighters] and Pinnaces of 20 and 30 tun, may saile ( up to the plantation ; but
they neede have a jkilful Pilote, because of many dangerous rockes and foam
ing breakers, that lye at the mouth of that Bay, The very aspect of the place
is fortification enough to keepe of an unknovme' enemie ; yet it may be fortified
at little charge, being but few landing places thereabout, and those obscure."
Of the health of L3'nn, Mr. Wood remarks: "Out of that
Towne, from whence I came, in three years and a half, there
died but three ; to make good which losses, I have scene foure
children Baptized at one time." Prefixed to his book is tbe
following address, written by some one in England, who signs
himself S. W. [Can the S. W. mean Samuel Whiting, the emi
nent divine,, who came over in 1636, and soon settled as minis-
4er ofthe church at Lynn — -a man famed for his piety, learning,
and affabUity ? It is possible that Mr, Wood's book induced his
emigration; and if so, it was the occasion of great good to the
infant plantation. The Puritan clergy were much prone to
bestow their encomiums in numbers, after this style,]
Thanks to iiiy travel and thyself, who hast t
Much knowledge in so smallroom comptly placed.
And thine experience thus a mound dost nidje,
From whence we may New England's prospect take,
Though many thousands distant ; therefore thou
Thyself shall sit upon mount praise her brow.
For if the man who shall the short cut find
Unto the Indies, shall for that be shi-med,
Sm-e thou deservest then no small praise who
So short cut to New England here dost shew ;
And if than this small thanks tliou gefst no more
Of thanks, I then will say, "the world 's grown poor.
The "curious fresh broocke" which Mr. Wood notices, is
Strawberry brook, which is kept warm by the numerous springs
beneath the pond in which it originates, and by its constant
flowing for the supply of several mills. Mr. Robert Mansfield,
who Uved near its source, told me that he had never seen it
frozen for more than seventy years.
A tax, made by the General Court, on the first of October,
will show the relative wealth of the several towns. The ap
portionment was, to Dorchester, 80 pounds ; to Boston, Charles
town, Cambridge, Watertown, and' Roxbury, each, 48 pounds ;
Lynn, 36; Salem, 28. At several assessments, Lynn was in
advance of Salem,
Such great quantities of corn having been used for fattening
swine, as to occasion a scarcity, the Court ordered, on the fifth
of November, " That no man shall give his swine any corn, but
such as, being viewed by two or three neighbors, shall be judged
unfit for man's meat ; and every plantation may agree how many
swine every person may keep."
The Court ordered, that every man, in each plantation,
M 10

146 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1634.
excepting magistrates and ministers, should pay for three days'
work, at one shiUing and sixpence each, for completing the Port
in Boston harbor. *
The ministers of Lynn and the western towns were in the
practi;;e of meeting at each other's houses, once in two weeks,
to discuss important questions. The ministers of _ Salem were
averse to the practice, fearing it might eventuate in the estab
lishment of a presbytery.
On the 4th of December, corresponding with the 15th of new
style, the snow was " knee deep," and the rivers frozen.
"^The year 1633 was rendered memorable by the death of the
three Indian sagamores. In January, Poquanum was murdered ;
and in December, Wonohaquaham and Montowampate died.
Governor Winthrop, in bis journal, says:
" December 5, John Sagamore died of the small pox, and almost aU his
people ; above thirty buried by Mr, Maverick of Winneseinett in one day.
The towns in the bay took away many ofthe children ; but most of them died
soon after.
" James Sagamore of Sagus died also and most of his folks. John Saga
more desu-ed to be brought among the English; so he was; and promised,
if he recovered, to live -with the English and serve their God. He left one
son, which he disposed to Mr. Wilson, the pastor of Boston, to be brought up
by him. He gave to the govemor a good quantity of wampompeague, and to
divers others of the English he gave gifts ; and took order for the payment
of his own debts and his men's. He died in a persuasion that he should go to
the Englishmen's God. Divers of them, in their sickness, confessed that the
Englishmen's God was a good God, and that if they recovered they would
serve him. It wrought much with them, that when tlieu- own people forsook
them, yet the English came daily and ministered to them ; and yet few, only
two families, took any infection by it. Amongst others Mr. Maverick, of Win-
nesemett, is worthy of a perpetual remembrance. Himself, his wife and serv
ants, went daily to them, ministered to then- necessities, and bm-ied their dead,
and took home many of then- children. So did other ofthe neighbors,"
After the death of his brothers, Wenepoykin became sagamore
of the remaining Indians in this region,
1634,
The inconvenience of having the Legislature composed ofthe
whole number of freemen, and the danger of leaving the planta
tions exposed to the attacks of tbe Indians, induced the people
to form a House of Representatives, who first assembled on the
14th of May, Eight towns were represented, each of wliich
sent three representatives — Boston, Charlestown, Roxbury,
Dorchester, Cambridge, Watertown, Lynn, and Salem. The
representatives from Lynn, were Captain Nathaniel Turner, I
Edward Tomlins, and Thomas WUlis. The General Court this
year consisted of the Governor, Deputy Governor, six Assist
ants, and twenty-four Representatives, This number was not
much increased for many years; each town sendino- fewer
rather than more representatives, ^ '

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1634. 147
Hon. John Humpeet, with his wife,' the Lady Susan, a daugh
ter of the Earl of Lincoln, arrived in July. He brought with
him a valuable ][)resent from Mr. Richard Andrews, an alderman
of London, consisting of fifteen heifers, at this time valued at
more than eighty dollars each. One of them was designed for
each of the eight ministers, and tbe remainder were for the
poor. He went to reside on his farm at Swampscot, which h^id
been laid out by order of the dourt. It consisted of five hup-
dred acres, " between Forest river and the cliff." The bounds
extended " a. mile from the seaside," and ran " to a great white
oak by the rock," including " a spring south of the oak." The
spring is on Mr. Stetson's farm, [and the " old oak" stood about
a furlong north of the spring. It was standing when the first
edition of the History of Lynn appeared, and Mr. Lewis pleaded
for it in these pathetic strains : ' ~
O spare the tree, whose dewy tears
Have fallen for a thousand years !
Beneath whose shade, in days of old.
The careful shepherd watched his fold ;
On whose green top the eagle sate.
To watch the fish-hawk's watery weight ;
And oft in moonlight by whose side,
The Indian wooed his dusky bride !
It speaks to man of early time,
Before the earth was stained with crime,
Ere cannon waked the peaceful plains.
When silence ruled her vast domains,
O, as you love the bold and free.
Spare, woodman, spare the old oak tree !
[In his second edition, the old oak having disappeared, Mr.
Lewis tartly exclaims : " But, alas 1 the old oak, the last of the
ancient forest of Lynn, has been cut down. Some people have
no sentiment."
[But it seems beyond dispute that Mr. Lewis was wrong in
locating Mr. Humfrey in what is now Swampscot. He owned
an extensive tract of land there, but resided, I am satisfied, on
the east side of Nahant street, having, in that vicinity, quite an
extensive farm, his windmUl being on Sagamore HiU. See p. 201.
[Timothy Tomlins was appointed overseer of the " powder
and shott, and all other amunicon," in the Saugus plantation.]
On the 3d of September, the Court ordered, " That Mn Ed
ward Tomlins, or any other put in his place, by the Commis
sioners of War, with the help of an assistant, shall have power
to presse men and carts, for ordinary wages, to helpe towards
niakeing of such carriages and wheeles as are wanting for the
ordinances." Oh training day. Captain Turner, by the direction of Colonel
Humfrey, went with his company to Nahant, to hunt the wolves.
This was very pleasant amusement for training day.

148 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1635.
•16 3 5.
Though an agreement had' been made by Thomas Dexter with
the Indian chief, for the proprietorship of Nahant, yet the town
evidently regarded it as their property; as will appear by the'
foUowing extracts from the Town Records, preserved in the
files ofthe General Court:
Januai-y 11. " It is also voted by the freemen of the to-\Vne, that tiiese men
undei-written shall have liberty to plant ahd build at Nahant, and shall possess
each man land for the said puipose, and proceeding in the trade of fishing.'
Mr. Humfjfeys, Daniel How, Mr. Ballard, Joseph Rejdnap, Timothy Tomlins, ^
Richard \^alker, Thomas Talmage, Heni-y Feakes, Francis Dent."
Januai-y 18. " It is ordered by the freemen of the towne, that all such per
sons as are assigned any land at Nahant, to further the trade of making fish.
That if they do not proceed accordingly to foi-wai-d the said ti-ade, but either '
dge grow remiss, or else doe give it quite over, that then all such lotts shall
be forfeited again to the towne, to dispose of as shall be thought fitte."
The dissensions which had commenced in -Mr. Bachiler's
church at an early period, began again to assume a formidable
appearance. Some of the members, disliking the conduct of
the pastor, and " withal making a question whether they were
a church or not," withdrew from the communion. Mr. BachUer
requested them to present their grievances in writing, but as
they refused to do that, he gave information that he should
proceed to excommuncate them. In consequence of this, a
councU of ministers was held on the 15th of March. After a
deliberation of three days, they decided, that although the
church had not been properly instituted, yet the mutual exer
cise of tbeir reUgious duties had supplied the defect.
The difficulties in the self-constituted church, however, did
not cease with. the decision of the , councU, but continued to
increase, untU Mn BachUer, perceiving no prospect of their
termination, requested a dismission for himself and his first
members, whicb was granted.
The celebrated Hugh Peters, who bad just arrived in America,
was next employed to preach, and the people requested him to
become their minister ; but he preferred to exercise the duties
of that ofiSce at Salem. He was a very enterprising man, but
seems to have been much better adapted for a politician than a
minister. He was a great favorite of Johnson, the Woburn
poet, who thus alludes to his preaching, and to the difficulties
at Lynn : " With courage Peters, a soldier stout,
In wilderness for Christ begins to war;
Much work lie finds 'mongst people yet hold out-
Wuh fluent tongue he stops pliantaslic jar." '
He returned to Englaud in 1641, and unhappily became in
volved in the ambitious designs of CromweU — preached the
funeral sermon over tiie "gray discrowned head" ofthe unfor-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1635, 149
tunate Charles the Firsts and was executed for treason, on the
16th of October,- 1660. [It is stated in the European Magazine,
September, 1794, thaj; while the monarch was being conveyed
from Windsor to Whitehall, Peters rode before him, crying out,
every few minutes, "We 'll whisk him ! we 'U whisk him, now
we have him! Were there not a man in England besides him
self, he should die the death of a traitor!"] Peters left "A
Father's Legacy to an Only Child ; " written in the tower of Lon
don, and addressed, "For Elizabeth Peters, my dear ChUd,"
He says, "I was the. son of ' considerable parents from Foy, in
Cornwall, I am heartily sorry I was ever popular, and- known
.better to others than to. myself. And if I go shortly where
time shall be no more, where cock nor clock distinguish! hours,
sink not, but lay thy head in his bosom who can keepHhee, for
he sits upon the waves. Farewell."
" I wish thee neither poverty nor riches,
' But godliness, so gainfiil;.with content;
No painful pomp, nor gloi-y that be-witch^s, :
A blameless life is the best monument!"..
[The sentence of Peters was, that he be carried back to prison,
thence be drawn on a hurdle to the place of execution, there
hung by the neck, be cut down while alive, have his entrails
taken out and burned before his eyes, his head cut off, his body
quartered, and thiis divided be disposed of at the royai pleasure.
His head was set on London Bridge.]
It was the custom in those early days to have an hourglass in
the pulpit, by which the minister timed his- seririons. A painter
of that day made a picture in which he represented Mr. Peters
turning an hourglass and saying, " I know you are good fel
lows ; stay and take another glass ! " [But the picture was by
an English painter, and intended for ridicule.]
The standard borne at this time was a red cross in a white
field. This emblem was not congenial to the feelings of Mr.
Endicott, and he ordered it. to be cut out from the banner at
Salem, This occasioned much dissatisfaction among the people,
and a committee from each town, was appointed, in May, to
consider of the offence; They judged it to be "great, rash,
and without discretion," and disqualified himj for one year,
from bearing any public office, : -.
• May 6, ¦ " There is 500 acres of land, and a freshe Pond, with
la little Island, conteyning about two acres, granted to John
: Huriifrey, Esqr.,- lying between north and west of Saugus ; pro
vided he take no part of the 500 acres within five rniles of any
Town now planted. Also, it is agreed that : the inhabitants of
Saugus and Salem, shaU have liberty to build. store howses upon
the said Island, and to lay in such provisions as they shall judge
necessary for their use in tyme of neede," The land thus laid
M*

150 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1635.
out was around Humfrey's Pond, in Lynnfield, and was nearly
one mile in extent. '
A fearful storm occurred on 16 August. It is thus spokeh
of: " None now Uving in these parts, either English or Indian
had evet- seen the Uke, It began in the morning, a little before
day, and grew, not by degrees, but came with great violence in
the beginning; to the great amazement of many. It blew down
many houses, and uncovered divers others. It caused the sea
to sweU in some places, to the southward of Plymouth, as that
it rose to twenty feet right up and down, and made many of the
Indians to climb into trees for their safety. • It threw down all
the corn to the ground, which never rose more. It blew down
many hundred thousand of trees." A vessel was wrecked near
Thacbeii-'s Island, and twenty-one persons lost. Mn Anthony
Thacher and his wife, ancestors of Rev. Thomas Gushing Thach-
er, afterward minister of Lynn, were the only persons saved.
[And in September a severe hurricane took place, the wind
being first at the northeast, and then veering to another quarter.
It produced " two tydes in six howres."]
This year brass farthings were prohibited, and musket buUets
were ordered to pass for farthings. ,
Many new inhabitants appear at Lynn about this time, whose
names it will be well to preserve.
Abeaham Belknap — had two sons, Abraham and Jeremy;
and from him descended Dr. Jeremy Belknap, the historian of
New Hampshire.
James Boutwell — a farmer — freeman in 1638, died in 1651.
His wife was Alice, and his children, Samuel, Sarah, and John.
Edmund Beidges — came over in July, 1635, and died in 1686,
aged 74. The name of his wife was Mary, and he had sons
John and Josiah. He was the second shoemaker in Lynn.
[He appears to have been a blacksmith, not a shoemaker, unless
the shoemakers of those days were expected to shoe horses as
well as men. Possibly, however, he may have fiUed a double
caUing. In 'May, 1647, the Court ordered that "Edm° Bridges
for his neglect in shooing M' Symonds horse, (when he was to
come to Co^e,) should be required by warrant from this Co'te
to answere this complaint, & his neglect to furth'' publike ser
vice, at y° next County Co^te for y' sheire to heare & determine
y« casej & y* returne be made to y« Gen'aU Co^e of j" issue
thereof" Mn Bridges came over at the age of 23, in the James,
from London. He had three wives. The first was named Alice,'
the second Blizabeth, and the third Mary. And be had eight
chUdren. His son Hachaliah was lost at sea, in or about 1671.]
EdwaeDsxBuecham — a freeman in 1638. clerk of the writs in
1645. Ih 1656 he returned to England.' [But he came back,
as may b^ inferred . from the foUowing from the Court records,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1635, 151
11 Oct. 1682, "In ans'^ to the petition of Wm. Hawkins, it ap
pearing that Edward Bircham, late of Lynn, deceased, had a
tract of land granted him by the toun of Lynn,' to the quantity
of thirty acres which doth not appeare to be lajd out in any
other part of the toune bounds, this Court doth order, that
Capt. Richard Walker, Capt. Elisha Hutchinson, and. M' Andrew
^Mansfeild, be requested, and are by this Court imp»wred, to
make further inquiry into sajd matter and to cause the tract
of land mentioned in the petition to be measured by a surveyor
of lands, and to make report thereof at the next General Court."
Mr. Burcham had a daughter Frances, who married Isaac WiUey,
8 June, 1660.]
Geoege Burt — came to Lynn in 1635, and died 2 Nov. 1661.
He was a farmei", and the value of his estate was £144.4.9. He
had three sons ; George, who went to Sandwich, in 1637 ; Hugh,
born in 1B91 ; and Edward, who removed to Charlestown. [In
1652, the Court granted to Edward a patent "to make salte,
after his manner," for ten years, on condition that he followed
the employment ; and desired of the people of Gloucester that
he might "set doune his saltworke at the very cape, where
there is both wood and water fitting for that worke."
Hbnrt Collins -r- was a starch maker, and lived in Essex
street. He embarked in the AbigaU, of Lbndon, 30 June, 1635.
In 1639 he was a member of the Salem Court. He was born
in 1606, and was buried 20 Feb. 1687, at the age of 81. His
wife Ann was born in 1605. His children were, Henry, born
1630; John, b. 1632; Margery, b. 1633; and Joseph, b. 1635,
and his descendants remain. [I think this settler must have
been the same individual who is by some genealogists called
Henry Colesworthy. The son John was lost by shipwreck, in
1679. His wife Abigail survived him, and to her administration
was granted in June, 1680. His estate was valued at £365 Is.
6d. He left twelve children, several of whom were quite young.
A son Samuel, Had "a good trade of a, gunsmith."]
John Coopee — embarked in the Hopewell, of London, April
1, 1635. He was born at Oney, in Buckinghamshire, in 1594.
£He was one of the eight original undertakers in the Long
Island settlement.]
Timotht Coopee — was a farmer, and died in March, 1659.
His children were, Mary, Hannah, John, Timothy, Dorcas, and
Eebecca. Jenkin Davis — was a joiner, made a freeman in 1637 and
died in 1661. His wife was named Sarah, and he had a son
John. [This Jenkin Davis was too vicious a person to be
allowed a place in such honest company. Mr,_Lewis was rather
inclined to veil the dark features in the characters of the set
tlers; a propensity which, though generous toward rogues might

152 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1635,
not always prove just to others. Mr. Humfrey had employed and
befriended Davis, in various ways, and had such- confidence in
him tbat when he went to the West Indies he placed his little
. daughters at board in his family. How his confidence was met
may be gathered from the foUowing, which appears on the
Colony Records, 14 June, 1642: "Jenkin Davies, for his abuse-
ing the forenamed Dorcas " — Mn Humfrey's daughter, then
only nine years old — "was ordered to be severely whiped at
Boston on a lecture day, and shalbee returned to prison till
hee maj"- bee sent to Linne, and there to be seuerely whiped
also & from thencefourth shalbee confined to the said towne
of Linne, so as if hee shall at any time go fourth of the bounds
of the said towne, (w'^out licence of this Co'^t,) & shalbee duly
convict thereof, he shalbee put to death ; & also hee shall weare
a hempen roape apparently about his neck dureing the pleasure
of this Co''t, so as if bee bee found to have gone abroad at any
time w*out it, hee shalbee againe whiped, & furth'^, if bee shjilbee
duely convicted to have attempted any such wickedness (for
w"'' bee is now sentenced) upon any child after this present day,
hee shalbee put to deatb ; and hee is to pay forty pounds to
M"" Humfrey for abuseing' his daughter." But the Court allow
him, 17 October, 1643, upon" his wife's petition, liberty to leave
off his rope till they require him to resume it. John Hudson,
another vicious person, who had been employed by Mr. Hum
frey, had a severe punishment awarded him, by the same Court,
for a similar offence, likewise Daniel Fairfield, who seems to
have been, if possible, worse than the others, his viUany extend
ing also to Sarah Humfrey a younger sister of Dorcas. The
extreme youth of these misses, rendered the crime the more
aggravated, certainly in a moral sense ; yet the Court seem not
to have deemed Dorcas entirely blameless, as the record adds:
" Dorcas Humfrey was ordered to beQ privately severely cor
rected by this Co-'t, M' BeUingham & Increase Nowell to see it
done." The conduct of these .abandoned men towards his two
littie daughters, must have been a crushing blow to Mn Hum
frey. God certainly gave him a full share of affliction, and he
seems to have received his chastisements in a christian spirit.
There is, indeed, far too much evidence that society here, at
that time, was in no manner exempt from the keener sufferings
attendant on irreligion and vice. The careless reader might be
led to a false estimate of the state of morals by the occasional
boastings of those who were desirous of having it appear that
above aU places on earth, Virtue here accomplished her perfect
work. There were far too many, in whom the purified faith
had not wrought a purification of heart. However unwelcome
may be the task of unvieling the dark features of the time of
which he speaks, the hist.orian, if he would be faithful, must meet

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1635. 153
it unshrinkingly. One may falsify as ¦ well by suppressing a
part of the truth as by straight-forward lying'.] '. '
John Deacon : — was the first blacksmith at Lynn, and in 1638
had 20 acres of land allotted to him. ¦
Edmund Farrington — embarked in the Hopewell, of Londs-n,
1 April, 1635, with bis wife and four children. (Record in West
minster Hall, London.) He was a native of Ohey, in Bucking
hamshire, and born in 1588. He was a farmer, and had 200
acres of land, part of which was on the western side of Federal
street, wher'e he lived, and part on the western side of Myrtle
street. In 1655 he built a corn mill on Water HiU, whe^e a
pond was dug, and a water course opened for half a mUe. [See,
however, page 235.] He died in 1670, aged 82. The name of
his wife was Elizabeth, and sh^ was born in 1586. His chUdren
were, Sarah, born in 1621; Martha, b. 1623 ; John, b. 1624;
JBHzabetb, b. 1627, and married John FuUer, in 1646. He also
had a son Matthew, to whom he gave half his corn mill, " except
the tole of my son ffiiUer's grists, which is Avell and duly to be
ground tole free, during the life of my daughter Elizabeth."
Joseph Floyd — lived in Fayette street. In 1666, he sold
his house and land to " Henry Silsbee of Ipswich," for thirty-
eight pounds, and removed to Chelsea. His land is described
as bounded " west next the town common, and east next a little
river." The "town common" then meant the public lands in
Woodend; and the '''little river" was Stacy's Brook;
* Christopher Foster — embarked in the Abigail, of London,
17 June, 1635, He was a farmer, was admitted a freeman in
1637, and lived in Nahant street. He was born in 1603. His
wife Frances was born in 1610. His children were Rebecca,
born in 1630 ; Nathaniel, b. 1633 ; John, b. 1634.
Geoege FeailB' — died 9 December, 1663, [leaving one son
and two ,daugBters, His widow, Elizabeth, was appointed ad-_
ministratrix of his estate, which amounted to £184,4.] His son
George was accidentally killed, in 1669, " by a piece of timber,
of about fifteen hundred weight, rolling over him,"
Edmund Freeman — was born in 1590, and came to Lynn in
1635. He removed to Sandwich in 1637, and was an Assistant
of Plymouth colony in 1640, His children were Elizabeth,
Alice, Edmund and John. Mr, Freeman presented the colony
with twenty corslets, or pieces of plate-armor, ' ,
Dennis Geere — came from Thesselworth to Lynn, in 1635,
He was born in 1605, and his wife Elizabeth was born in 1613,
His chUdren were Elizabeth and Sarah, He died in 1635 and
gave, by his will, £300 to the colbny.
Nathaniel Handforth — was a haberdasher, from London,
and lived on the north side of the Common. He was buried,
13 September, 1687, aged 79.

154 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1635.
Richard Johnson — came over in 1630, and lived with Sir
Richard Saltonstall, at Watertown. He was admitted a freeman
in 1637. He came to Lynn the same year, and settied as a
farmer, on the eastern end of the Common. He died in 1666,
aged 54. His chUdren were Daniel, Samuel, Elizabeth, and
Abigail, His descendants remain, [AbigaU married a Collins,
and Elizabeth a Tolman, His estate was appraised at £368,17,6.]
Philip Kertland — was the first shoemaker known at Lynn,
His naiiie is from the German Cortlandt, or Lack-land ; and I
think it was afterward changed to Kirkland. He was from
Sherrington, in Buckinghamshire, and in 1638 had ten acres
of land aUotted to him by the town. He had two sons, Philip,
born in 1614, and Nathaniel, born in 1616, who embarked on
-..board the HopeweU, of London, WUliam Bundock, master on
the first of AprU, 1635. The two sons remained at Lynn five
years, and in 1640 went to form the new settlement of South
ampton, on Long Island. Nathaniel returned to Lynn, married,
and had three chUdren; Nathaniel, Sarah, and PrisciUa. He
was buried 27 Dec. 1686, aged 70. [In an article on tbe gene
alogy of tbe Kertland family of the United States, by Rev. F,
W, Chapman, published in the New England Historical and Ge
nealogical Register, 14th volume, it is stated that the Kertlands
of this country are supposed to have descended from Na
thaniel Kertland, of Lynn, who is reputed to have resided, pre
vious to his emigration, in Silver street, London, He had one ^
son, John, who removed to Saybrook, during his minority, and
was adopted by Mr. John and Mrs. Susanna Wastall. They
having no children, made him their sole heir, as appears by a
will, dated in 1672. It is quite certain that there was a Nathan
iel Kertland in Lynn, who had a son John, though Mr. Lewis
does not appear to have been aware of the fact. This John
went to Saybrook, and there married and reared a large family.
And from him descended several eminent persons ; among them
Rev. Daniel Kertland, who was a minister at Norwich, and
father of Rev. Samuel Kertland, the well-known missionary to
the Oneida Indians, and who was father of the distinguished
John Thornton Kertland, president of Harvard University.
'And Rev. Dn Samuel K. Lotbrop, of Boston, is a grandson of
iRev. Samuel, the missionary. By what foUows, it would seem
that there was also a John Kertland here, a brother of PhUip,
. the first shoemaker. And it will also be seen that Mr. Lewis
faUed to obtain a very perfect knowledge of the famUy of which
he was speaking. In Salem Court files, 17 July, 1659, is found
the following testimony of John Kertland, aged about 52 : "I
often hard my brother, Philip Kyrtland, say oftimes that his wife
^ouald haue all that hee had to dispose of, so long as she live
and to my best remembranc, he gave £15 to his dafter Mary

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1635. 155
and ten pounds to his dafter Sara, and ten pounds to his dafter
Susanna, and ten pounds to his dafter Hanna ; this to be given
to them at y* day of marriag, the land not to be sould so long
as she lives." And William Harcher, of Lynn, aged 65, or
thereabout, deposed " that when Philip Kertland was going to
see," he told him in substance as above. The name of the Cap
tain of the HopeweU, by the way^ was Bundock, not Burdock,
as it is sometimes printed, and as Mr. Lewis himself had it.]
The foUowing is from the Essex Registry, 14 October, 1659 :
"Know all men hy these presents, that I, Evan Thomas, of Bos
ton, being about to marry the widow Alice Kertland of Lynn,
do engage to and agree not to sell or alienate lier now dweUing
house and land."
Thomas Laighton — was a farmer; a freeman in 1638 ; lived
iri Franklin street. He was a representative in 1646, and town
clerk in 1672. He died 8 August, 1697, His chUdren were,
Thomas, Margaret, Samuel, Rebecca, and EUzabeth, [I have
strong doubts as to the propriety of foUowing the lead of Mr.
Lewis in the speUing of this name. The pubUc, records, to be
sure, display considerable ingenuity in the multiplied variations
ofthe orthography. But he himself wrote his name Laughton.
A fac-simile of his autograph is here n , ^ , »
given, as carefully traced from his y'^^*^'^^ <h,uA0x.h)rU
signature as witness to tbe will of signature of Thomas Laighton.
Thomas NewhaU, the elder, iriade in
AprU, 1668. Laightori Bank takes its name from this settler ;
also Laighton street.]
Francis Lightpoot — freeriian 1636, died 1646, He came
from London, and the name of his wife was Anne,
RiGHAED LoNGLET — a farmer, had two sons; William, clerk .
of the writs in 1655, and Jonathan,
Thomas Maeshall (Capt.) — came to Lynn iri 1635, Hi em
barked in the James, of London, on the 17th of July,* and soon
* Hon. James Savage, The public are greatly indebted to this gentlemian
for his intelligent annotations of Gov, Winthrop's Joumal, and for his valuable
researches in the manuscript records of England. {And I take the opporm-
hity to add, that to the Genealogical Dictionary of Mr. Savage I arrl greatly
indebted. That work bears evidence of remarkable fidelity and skill. And
the magnitude of the labor would have been sufficient to appall any one not
endowed with more than ordinary industry and perseverance. The readiness
with which tbe author expresses a doubt, where one exists, gives'additional
assurance of his uncompromising determination to avoid misleading, if possi
ble. Sueh a coutse is really refreshing in view of the faithless multitude who
are in the evil habit of fortifying uncertainty by positiveness. And the resolu
tion -with which he unveils the little romances of such authors as unscrupu
lously make detours from the straight and narrow way of truth, to gather
flowers for the adornment of their narratives, while it cannot be more_ aptly
characterized than in the orthography of his 0-wn sm-natoe, certainly merits the
highest commendation,]

156

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1635.

after his arrival was admitted a freeman, _ Wjth many ^others,
he returned to England to join in the ambitious designs ot Crom
weU, ,by whom he was made a captain. He served in the army-
of the anarch for several years, and returned to Lynn laden with
military glory. He was six times. chosen representative He
purchased the tavern, on the west of Saugus river, which Mr
Joseph Armitage had opened. Here, with all the frankness and
hospitaUty of a "fine old English gentleman," he kept open
doors for the accommodation of the-travehng pubhc, for more
than forty years. Mn John Dunton, who passed through Lynn
in 1686, thus mentions him in his journal. " About two ot the
clock I reached Capt. Marshall's house, which is half way be
tween Boston and Salem; here I staid to refresh nature with^a
pint of sack and a good fowl. Capt. Marshall- is a hearty old
gentieman, formerly one of Oliver's soldiers, upon which he
very much values himself He bad aU the history of the civil
wars at his fingers' end, and if we may believe him, Oliver did
hardly any thing that was considerable without his assistance ;
and if I 'd have staid as long, as he 'd have talked, he 'd have
spoiled my ramble to Salem." He died, 23 Dec. 1689. His
wife, Rebecca, died in August,'>ie93. He had two sous ; John,
born 14 Jan. 1659; and Thomas, who removed to Reading,
[There was a Thomas Marshall of Reading, who, at the age
of 22, is supposed to have come over in tbe James, from Lon
don, in 1635. He had children, Hannah, born 7 June, 1640;
Samuel, b. 1 Sept. 1643, dying in one week; AbigaU; Sarah,
who died young; Thomas and Rebecca, twins, b. 20 Feb. 1648; ¦
Elizabeth; Sarah again, b. 14 Feb. 1655. And this Thomas
MarshaU, Savage, "after very long deliberation," thinks must
have been " that man of Lynn always caUed Captain," who bad
at Lynn, chUdren, Joanna, b. 14 Sept. 1657 ; John, b. 14 Feb.
1660 ; Ruth, b. 14 Aug. 1662 ; and Mary, b. 25 May, 1-665. He
was a member of the ArtiUery Company in 1640. , His daughter
Hannah married, John Lewis, at Lynn, 17 June, 1659 ; Sarah
married Ebenezer Stocker, 15 July, 1674 ; and Mary married
Edward Baker, 7 April, 1685. It seems very certain that Mr.
Lewis made some confusion of persons. That. Capt. Marshall
loved to entertain with stories of his wonderful adventures and
valiant exploits, quite as. well as with, good dinners, there is
little doubt. And he seems to have been easily wrought to a
fervid beat on matters pertaining to the Commonwealth. But
we can hardly concur with the "suggestion that he intended to
impose on honest Mr. Dunton, though Dunton may have mista
ken his jolly host.]
In the Essex Registry of Deeds is the foUovring testimony,
which is interestyig, as coming from the venerable old hero
of CromweU's war : " Captain Thomas Marshall, aged about 67

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1635, 157
yeares, doe testifie, that about 38 5'eares since, the ould Water
miU at Linn, which was an under shott miU; was by Mn Howell
committed to him, or before the said time, and about 38 j'eares
since, the building of an over shott mill was moved to the towne
of Linn, and for incuragement to go on with the said worke,
they then of the Towne of Linn, Granted their PrivUedges df
water and water Courses to the said mill, and that this said
water mill is now in the possession of Henry Roades ; as witness
my hand, Thomas Marshall; May 12th, 1683."
Thomas Parker — embarked in the Christopher, of London,
11 March, 1635. He was born in 1614.. [Rev. Theodore Park
er, the distinguished theologian, who died at Florence, Italy, 10
May, 1860, was a lineal descendant of this old Lynn settler, as
is shown by the pedigree traced by Hon. Charles Hudson, of
Lexington.] John Pibeson — was a farmer, lived on Nahant street, and
removed to Reading, The name of his wife was Madeline.
John Pool — was a farmer, and had 200 acres of land. His
descendants remain. [But he removed to Reading, where he
died, 1' April, 1667, his wife, Margaret, having died about five
years before. His family and the Armitage wore closely con
nected. He is, perhaps, the same man who, at the Court, 4 Dec,
1638, was fined 51. for "abuseing his servant; " and who-,- with
Timothy Tomlins and another, 7 Oct. 1641, was " admonished
not to go to the Dutch, because of scandall and offence."]' :
Nicholas Potter — was a mason, and had sixty acres of land,
[Mr, Potter appears to have become much interested in the
Iron Works, after their establishment, but removed to Salem,
in 1660. He was twice married, his second wife being a daugh
ter of John Gedney, of Salem. He made a will, 10 Oct. 1677,
appointing his father-in-law sole executor, and in it mentions
six children by his first wife, namely, Samuel, Benjamin, Sarah,
Mary, Hannah, and Bethia, He also had children by his second
wife. Eight days after the date of his will, he died. The in
ventory of his estate gives, in amount, £206 JI, He must have
had the confidence ofthe people, while in Lynn, for in 1646, he
was licensed by the Court to " draw wine," in accordance with
the desire of the town, expressed in a vote passed at a public
meeting.], ^Oliver Puechis — freeman in 1636, representative in 1660,
town clerk in 1686. [He was elected assistant in 1685, but
" declined his oath."] He removed to Concord, in 1691, and
died 20 Nov. 1701, aged 88 years,
Richard Sadler — a farmer; a freeman in 1639; came from
Worcester, England, He lived by the great rock near the junc
tion of Walnut and Holyoke streets. He was a member of the
Salem Court in 1639, and clerk ofthe writs in 1640. He had a
N

158 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1635.
son Richard, born in 1610, who returned to England in 1647,
and was ordained 16 May, 1648. [It was Mr. Sadler himself
who became a preacher. He went home in 1646 or '7 and was
ordained, at the date mentioned, at the chapel of Whixall, in
Shropshire, But he was afterward advanced to a better living,
at Ludlow, from which he was ejected, at the Restoration. Mr.
Lewis does not state the time of his death, nor give any date
from which his age might be inferred. But Calamy says he
died in 1675, aged 55. The age, however, seems to be wrongly
stated ; for if he were born in 1620, as must have been the case
if his, age was 55 in 1675, it is hardly probable that he would
I have been appointed to the important public positions he held
from 1639, onward, as long as he remained here. In 1639 he
was made a freeman. That might have been, it is true, had he
been but 19 years old, for youths of 16 could take the oath and
perform the duties of freemen, with the exception of voting for
magistrates, and with one or two other disabiUties, But in the
same year, he was appointed, with John OUver and Robert
Keayne, "to run the bounds between Boston and Linn," and
likewise made a member of the Salem Court, For the last two
appointments, a person of nineteen years was certainly rather
young. And then again, taking Mn Lewis's statement that " he
had a son Richard, born in 1610," in connection with the state
ment of Calamy that he died in 1675 at the age of 55, we have
the rather uncommon occurrence of a son being born ten years
before his father. The experienced Farmer, too, is not exempt
from entanglement in the matten He, no doubt on the author
ity of Calamy, gives the age of Mr. Sadler, at the time of his
death, in 1675, as 55 ; and adds that the preacher who was or
dained at Whixall, in 1648, was perhaps his son. But if he
himself was only 28, at the time of the ordination, is it likely
that he had a son old enough to be a settied preacher ? The
fact probably is, that Mn Sadler himself was born in 1610. The
error making him 55 instead of 65 at the time of his death, in
1675, might easily have occurred; and some author, not imagin
ing that he could have become a pr.eacher himself, benevolently
supplied him with a son to fill the sacred office. Savage says
Mr. Sadler went home in 1646, as fellow-passenger with John
Leverett, Gov. Sayles, of Bermuda, and many others, of whom
were the malcontent Dn Child, Thomas Fowle, and William
Vassall. And he does not seem^o doubt that Mn Sadler him
self was the preacher ordained at WhixaU. The complications
here exhibited very well illustrate the perplexities that constant
ly beset the path of one engaged on a work like the present.
And if now and then a misstatement should be made or a wrons
conclusion drawn IS it very wonderful? For something more
regarding Mn Sadler see under date 1638.]

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1636. 159
Thomas Townsend — was a farmer, and lived near the Iron
Works. He died 22 Dec. 1677, His sons were John, Thomas, -
Henry, and Richard, Some of his descendants remain, others
were Among the first settlers of the towns on Long Island, .
1636,
Mr, Bachiler had been readily dismissed from his pastoral
charge, in the expectation that he would desist from its exercise,
or remove from the town ; instead of which, he renewed his
covenant with the persons who came with him from England,
lintending to continue his ministrations. The people opposed
ithis design, as its tendency would be to frustrate their intention
of settling another minister ; they therefore complained to the
magistrates, who forbade his proceeding. Finding that he
disregarded their injunctions, and refused to appear before
them, they sent the marshal to compel him. He was brought
before tbe Court of Assistants, at Boston, in January, and was
discharged, on engaging to leave the town within three months.
Whoever has attentively read the lives of the early ministers
of New England, as written by the Rev. Cotton Mather, raust
have noticed that they are all represented to have been men
of uncommon learning, piety, and worth. This may be imputed
partly to the embellisbments of his pen, and partly to the fact
that they were born and educated in the bosom of the church,
and in the best universities of Europe, We are greatly indebted
to Mn Mather for his account of those ministers ; but we should
have been far more grateful to him, if he had been more partic
ular with regard to dates and facts respecting the subjects of his
biography, instead of devoting so much time and space to the
worthies of Greece and Rome ; for we could easily have pre
sumed his acquaintance with ancient history and the classics,
without so ostentatious a display of it. In his life of Mr. Cob-
bet, he has given us but one date with certainty — the rest
have been supplied by my laborious research, Mr, Bachiler he
did not notice, and the following sketch of his life is the first
which has ever been offered to the public.
The Rev, Stephen Bachiler was born in England, in the
year 1561, and received orders in the established cburch. In
the early part of his life he enjoyed a good reputation ; but
being dissatisfied with some of the ceremonies of the church,
and refusing to Continue his conformity, he was deprived of his
permission to perform her services. The church has been much
censured for her severity ; and all uncharitableness and persecu
tion are to be deprecated ; but in simply ejecting her ministers
for nonconformity, after they have approved her mode of wor
ship, and in the most solemn manner possible engaged them
selves in her service, the church is no more censurable than all

160 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1636.
other communities, with whom the same practice is common.
On leaving England, Mr. BachUer went with his family to Hol
land, where he. resided several years. He then returned lo
London, from which place he sailed, on the ninth of Marchj 1632,
for New England. He arrived at Lynn on the sixth of June,
having in his company six persons, his relatives and friends,
who had belonged to .his church in Holland. With them, and
the few who united with them, he constituted a little church at
Lynn, without any of the ceremonies usual on such occasions.
He continued his ministrations here for about three years, with
repeated interruptions; but he never had the support or the
affections of the great body of the people. He was admitted a
freeman on the 6th of May, 1635, and removed from Lynn in
February, 1636. He went first, to Ipswich, where he received
a grant of fifty acres of land, and had the prospect of a. settle-
ment ; but some difficulty having arisen, he left the place. In
the very cold winter of' 1637, he went on foot with some of his
friends, to Yarmouth, a distance of about one hundred miles.
There he intended to plant a town, and establish a church ; but
finding the difficulties great, and " his company being all poor
men," he relinquished the design. He then went to Newbury,
where, on the 6th of July, 1638, the town made him a grant
of land. On the 6th of September, the General Court granted
bim permission to settie a town at Hampton, In 1639, the
inhabitants of Ipswich voted to give him sixty acres of upland,
and twenty acres of meadow, if be would reside with them.
three years; but he did not accept their invitation. On the
5th of July, he and Christopher Hussey sold their houses and
lands in Newbury, for " six score pounds," aud removed to
Hampton. There a town was planted, and a church gathered,
of which Mr. BachUer became the minister. The town granted
him three hundred acres of land, and he presented them with a
bell for the meeting-house, in 1640. Here he was treated with
respect, and in 1641, he was appointed umpire in an important
case of _ real estate between George Cleves and John Winter,
Dissensions, however, soon commenced, and the people were
divided between him and his coUeague, Rev. Timothy Dalton,
He was also accused of irregular conduct, which is thus related
by Governor Winthrop :
"Mr, Bachiler, the pastor of the church at Hampton, who had suffered
much at the hands ofthe bishops in England, being abou^ eighty years of age,
and having a lusty, comely woman to his wife, did solicit the chastity of his
neighbor s wife, who acquainted her husband therewith ; Whereupon he was
dealt -with, but denied it, as he had told the woman he would do, and com-
plamed to the magistrates against the woman and her husband for' slandering
him. The church likewise dealing with bim he stifily denied it; but soon
after, when the Lord's supper was to be administered, he did voluntarilv con
fess the attempt." ^

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1636, 161
For this impropriety, he was excommunicated by the church.
Soon after, his house took fire, and was consumed, with nearly
all his property. In 1643, he was restored to the communion,
but not to the office of minister. In 1644, the people of Exeter
invited him to settle with them ; but the Court laid 'their injunc
tion. In 1647, he was at Portsmouth, where he resided three
years. In 1650, being then eighty-nine years of age, and his
second wife, Helena, being dead, be married bis third wife,
Mary; and in May was fined ten pounds, for not publishing his
intention of marriage, according to law ; half of which fine was
remitted in October. In the same year, tbe Court passed tbe
following order, in consequence of their matrimonial disagree
ment: "It is ordered by this Court, that Mr. Batchelor and his wife shall lyve
together as man and -wife, as in this Court they have publiquely professed to
doe ; and if either desert one another, then hereby the Court doth order that
the marshal shall apprehend both tbe said Mr. Batchelor and Mary his -wife,
and bring them forthwith to Boston, there to be kept till the next Quarter
Court of Assistants, that farther consideration tiiereof may be had, both of them
moving for a divorce ; and tiiis order shall be sufficient order soe to doe ; pro
vided, notwithstanding, that if they put in £.50, each of them, for theu- appear
ance, -with such sureties as the commissioners or any one of them for the
county shall think good to accept of, that then they shall be under their baile,
to appear at the next Court of Assistants ; and in case Mary Batchelor shall live
out of the jurisdiction, without mutual consent for a time, that then the clarke
shaU give notice to the magistrate att Boston, ofher absence, thatfai-ther order
may be taken therein." '
Soon after this, in 1651, Mr. BachUer left the country and
returned to England, where he married his fourth wife, being
himself ninety years of age, and his third wife, Mary, being still
living. In October, 1656, she petitioned the Court, in the follow
ing words, to free her from her husband :
"To the Honored Govemor, Deputy Govemor, with the Magistrates and
Deputies at the General Court at Boston:
"The humble petition of Mary Bachelor sheweth — Whereas your peti
tioner, having formerly lived -with Mr, Stephen Bachelor, a minister of this
CoUany, as Ius lawfuU wife, and not unknown to divers of you, as I conceive,
and the said Mr. Bachel*-, upon some pretended ends of his owne, hath ti-ans-
ported himself unto ould England, for many yeares since, and betaken him
self to another -wife, as your petitioner hath often been credibly informed, and
there continueth, whereby yom- petitioner is left destitute, not only of a guide
. to her and her children, but also made uncapable thereby of disposing herselfe
in the way of man-iage to any other, without a lawful permission ; and having
now two children upon her hands, that are chargeable unto her, in regard to
a disease God hath been pleased to lay upon them both, which is not easily
cm-able, and so weakening her estate in prosecuting the means of cure, that
she is not able longer to subsist, without utter ruining her estate, or exposing
herself to the common charity of others; which your petitioner is loth to put
herself upon, if it may be lawfully avoided, as is well known to all, or most
part ofher neighbors. And were she free from her engagement to Mr. Bach
elor, might probably soe dispose of herselfe, as that she might obtain a meet
helpe to assist her to procure such means for her livelyhood, and the recovery
N* 11

162 ANNALS OF LTNN — 1636.
of her children's health, as might keep them from perishing ; which your
petitioner, to her great grief, is much afraid of, if not timely prevented. Your
petitioner's humble request therefore is, tbat this Honored Court would be
pleased seriously to consider her condition, fOr matter of her relief in her free
dom fi-om the said Mr. Bachelor, and that she may be at liberty to dispose
of herselfe in respect of any engagement to him, as in your wisdomes shall
seem raost expedient ; and your petitioner shaU humbly pray. Mart Bacheleb."
No record appears that the Court took any order on this
petition ; nor are we informed whether the lady succeeded to
" dispose of herselfe," in the manner which she seems to have
had so much at heart. It is to be hoped, however, that her
request was granted, for the woman had undoubtedly suffered
enough for her lapses, as the reader will probably agree, when
he shall have read the sentence, which may serve to clear up
at least one of the mysteries in this strangest of all the lives
of our early ministers. In the records of York, on the fifteenth
of October, 1651, is the following entry: "We do present
George Rogers and Mary Batcheller, the wife of Mn Stephen
Batcheller, minister, for adultery. It is ordered that Mrs. Batch
eller, for her adultery, shall receive_40 stripes save one, at the
first town, meeting held at Kittery, 6 weeks after her delivery,
and be branded with the letter A." In the horrible barbarity
of this sentence we blush for the severity of the punishment,
rather than for the crime. The husband and his erring wife
have long since gone to their last account, and their errors and
foUies must be left to the adjustment of that tribunal which we
hope is more merciful than th'e decisions of men. Mn BachUer
had, undoubtedly, many virtues, or he would not have had many
friends, and they would not have continued with him through
all the changes of his varied life. Mr. Prince says that he was
'_'a man of fame in his day, a gentleman of learning and ingenu
ity, and wrote a fine and curious hand." It was on his separa
tion from the church at Lynn, with his subsequent misfortunes,
that Edward Johnson wrote the foUowing lines :
" Through ocean large Chi-ist brought thee for to feed
His wandering flock, with 's word thou oft hast taught :
Then teach thyself, with others thou has need ;
Thy flowing fame unto low ebb is brought.
"Faith and obedience Chi-ist fuU near hath joined;
Then ti-ust in Chi-ist and thou again mayst be>
Brought on thy race, though now far cast behind;
Run to the end and cro-wned thou shalt be."
Mr. BachUer died at Hackney, near London, in 1660, in the
one hundredth year of his age. He had four sons and three
daughters. Theodate married Christopher Hussey and re
moved to Hampton. Deborah married John Wing 'of Lynn,
and removed to Sandwich, The third daughter married a San-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1636, 163
born ; Francis and Stephen remained in London ; Henry went
to Reading; Nathaniel removed to Hampton, where, in 1656,
he married Deborah Smith, by whom he had nine chUdren,
After her death, he called on widow Mary Wyman, of Woburn,
and offered himself. She discouraged his hopes because he had
so large a family. He replied, " It was the first time he had
ever known a woman to object to a man because he got chil
dren ; he was going to Boston on business, and when he re
turned he would call for her answer." He called a^ he promised,
she became his wife, and presented him with eight more children.
Among the descendants from the Rev, Stephen Bachiler, may be
mentioned the Hon. Daniel Webster, [Ebenezer Webster, the
grandfather of Daniel, the distinguished statesman, was born at
Hampton, 10 October, 1714, and married, 20 July, 1738, Susanna
Bachiler, who was probably a descendant of Rev. Stephen,
through his eldest son, Nathaniel, who lived at Hampton, and
of whom Mr. Lewis tells the foregoing curious anecdote. But
I find it elsewhere stated that he had three wives,
[In Morgan's Sphere of Gentry, printed in 1661, may be
found Mr. Bachiler's coat of arms. It consists of a plough,
beneath which is a rising sun ; or, to use the technical language
of heraldry, vert a plough in fesse and in base the sun rising or.
The author caUs it the coat of " Cain, Adam's son," and says it
" did appertain to Stephen Bachelor the first pastor of the
church of Ligonia, in New England ; which bearing was an
swerable to his profession in plowing up the fallow ground
of their hearts, and the sun appearing in that part of the world,
symbolically alluded to his motto, sol justitice exoritur." Does
not " the church of Ligonia," mean the church of Lynn — an
attempt being made to Latinize the name of the town ? Another
work on heraldry gives the name Livonia ; but this is, no doubt,
a misspelling. Where the witty old author speaks of the plough
as answering to Mr. Bachiler's profession in breaking up the
fallow ground of their hearts, he might have passed on to the
sun's office of warming and rendering fruitful the broken ground.
There is, however, no very pleasing compliment in the reference
to " Cain, Adam's son." Yet the author takes occasion to note,
here and there, a comforting fact that seems to have become
suddenly established in his mind, with or without connection
with the matter in hand. Witness the following which appears
as a marginal note : " Women have soules." And this seems to
have been proved to his satisfaction by the first temptation, for
he says, "had she not had a precious and rational soul the
Devil would never have attempted her." This is plausible, but
it might be argued that he only operated on her as an instru
ment for the destruction of her husband. And he seems inclined
to give the evil one more credit for his sagacity, than Eve for

164 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1636.
her integrity, by asking, " indeed how could she withstand sueh
temptation that did intice her to curiosity and pride, the com
mon sin of all their sex to this day 1"
[The reader's attention is here solicited for a moment to the
singular spectacle brought to view in the affairs of Mr, Bachiler.
WJiUe pastor of the church at Hampton, he is charged with
having soUcited the chastity of a neighbor's wife; yet the church
at Exeter, knowing the fact, invite him to settle over them.
Did they discredit the charges, or consider the offence not
worth weighing? In 1650 he marries a woman who proves to
be an adultress, leaves her, and petitions for a divorce. This the
government refuses, and going farther, orders that they " shall
lyve together as man and wife," Now what is to be thought
of a government that compels a thing so revolting and so unne-
cessarUy cruel? From all the circumstances I am led to the
conviction that the whole truth does not appear ; that extenu
ating facts are concealed ; that there was a settled determination
to make his continuance here uncomfortable, to say the least.
The truth is, he had ventured to question the right of the civil
authorities to supremacy in spiritual affairs. And that was
enough to excite their indignation. The proof of his moral
delinquencies, however, seems sufficient. It would be a bold
step to attempt to discredit Winthrop; though it may not be
unreasonable to suggest that, considering his ire towards those
who were inclined to any thing like active opposition to the
ruling powers, he might not have examined with sufficient
severity the slanders which Mr, Bachiler's enemies put in circu
lation. Not only did Mn Bachiler oppose the incipient union
of church and state, but he also espoused the interests of New
Hampshire when they clashed with the assumptions of the Bay
Colony. And that was enough to bring a heavy load of fuel to
the fire. And, furthermore, as is weU known, his coUeage at
Hampton, Mr._ Dalton, was strongly set in the Massachusetts
interest, and virulently opposed to his associate, Mn Bachiler
was evidently an opponent not easily overcome ; was weU edu
cated ; an adept in controversy ; strong willed. He was a sin
ner, but greatly sinned against. And he probably had littie
more sympathy in the colonial councils than Williams, Hutchin
son or Wheelwright.]
The dissensions in the churches at Salem and Lynn, and the
scarcity of provisions, occasioned a fast to be proclaimed, which
was observed on the 21st of February.
On the third of March, the Court enacted that each town
should have power to regulate its own affairs ; to set fines on
offenders, not exceeding twenty shiUings ; and to choose a num
ber of " prudential men," not exceeding seven, to order their
municipal concerns. This was the legal origin of those officers

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1636. 165
since called Selectmen; though some of the towns had similar
officers before. They were at first chosen for only three months ;
and the town of Lj'un continued to choose seven, until the year
1755, when the number was reduced to three. They also had
a number of officers, called tythingmen, because each one was
set over ten famUies, to observe their conduct, and to report any
violation ofthe public order.
Mr. Timothy Tomlins was licensed as a retailer, "to draw
wine for the town of Saugus." [He was also licensed to " keepe
a house of intertainement."]
Mr. John Humfrey and Capt. Nathaniel Turner were appointed
by the Court to lay out the bounds of Ipswich.
Mr. Humfrey buUt a windmUl on the eastern mound of Saga
more HiU, which was thence called Windmill HiU.
A Court was established at Salem, to be held quarterly, for
the benefit of that and the adjacent towns. The judges con
sisted of a magistrate, and several freemen, selected from each
town, by the General Court. This year there were four, of
whom Capt, Nathaniel Turner was one, [and Mr, Humfrey an
other,] The first session commenced on the 27th of June, A
fine of ten shillings was imposed on Thomas Stanley, the con
stable of Lynn, for not appearing ; and a record, made in Sep
tember, says, " Now it is in corn, in WiUiam Wood's hands,"
[Captain Turner was also appointed one of a valuation com
mittee, raised preparatory to the levying of a tax on the several
plantations.] The Rev, Samuel Whiting arrived from England in June;
and was installed pastor of the church at Lynn, on Tuesday, the
Sth of November. The Council remained two days, and found
much difficulty in organizing a church; which was composed
of only six members, besides the minister. The following is a
copy of the original church covenant transcribed by me from a
leaf of a pocket Bibje belonging to one of the ministers :
"Th'e Covenant ofthe First Church of Christ in Lynn,
" We do give iip ourselves to God, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, as to
the only true and living God; avouching God the Father to be om- father;
embracingLthe Lord Jesus Christ as our only Savior, in all his ofiices, prophet
ical, sacerdotal and regal ; depending on the blessed Spirit of Grace to be our
Sanctifier, Teacher, Guide, and Comforter, and to make, effectual application
of the redemption purchased by Christ unto us ; promising by the assistance,
and through the sanctifying influences of that Blessed Spirit, to cleave unto
i this one God and Mediator, as his covenant people. We believe the revelation
God hath made of himself, and our duty, iu his word, to be true ; and through
grace strengthening, we promise to comply with the whole wiU of God, so far
as he shall discover it to us. We promise, by the assistance of Divine Grace,
to walk before God in our houses, in sincerity of heart ; that we will uphold
the worship of God therein ; endeavoring to bring iip all under our inspection,
in the nui-ture and admonition ofthe Lord. We shaU endeavor the mortifica
tion of our own sins, and we covenant to reprove sin in others, as far as the
rule requires ; promising in brotheriy love to watch over one another, and t»

166 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1636.
submit ourselves to the government of Christ in this church, and to attend the
orders thereof. We do likewise solemnly agree by all means to study and
endeavor the peace of this church, and the maintenance of the purity of the
worship of God therein ; that so the blessing of God may be vouchsafed
to this his heritage. We do also give up ourselves to one another in the
Lord, solemnly binding ourselves to walk together in the ways of his worship,
and to cleave to his ordinances, according to the rules of his word. . . IF This
you heartily comply with and consent to. , , IT You are now members in full
communion with this church, pm-chased by the blood of Christ; and you do now
seriously, solemnly, deliberately, and forever, in the presence of God, by whom
you expect shortly to be judged, and by whom you hope to be acquitted, in
the presence of an innumerable company of elect angels, and in the presence
of this assembly, .give up yourselves to God, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost;
avouching the Lord Jehovah to be your God, You give up yourselves unto
this chm-ch ; submitting to the holy rule and ordinance of it ; putting your
selves under the care and inspection of it ; promising to embrace counsel and
reproofs with humbleness and thankfulness ; and duly to attend the adminis
tration ofthe ordinances ofthe Gospel in this church ; so long as your oppor
tunities thereby to be edified in your holy faith shall be continued. . , H We,
then, the church of the Lord, do receive you into our sacred fellowship, as
those whom we ti-ust Christ hath received; and we promise to admit you to
all the ordinances of the Gospel in feUowship with us ; to watch over you
with a spu-it of loye and meekness, not for your halting but helping ; to treat
you witb all that affection which your sacred relation to us now calleth for ;
and to continue our ardent prayers for you, to the Father of Light, that you may
have grace to keep this solemn covenant, you have now, before Grod, angels,
and men, entered into ; that so the sure mercies of the everlasting covenant
may be your portion forever. Amen,"
To those persons who did not wholly unite with this church,
but_ only assented to the covenant, for the privilege of having
their chUdren baptized, the foUowing was read immediately
after the words " consent to,"
"You do now, m the presence of God, angels, and this assembly, avouch
this one God ui three persons to be yom- God ; engaging to be his, only, con
stantly, and everlastingly. You do further promise to labor in preparing for
the table ofthe Lord, that m due time you may make your approaches to God,
and the Lord Jemis Chi-ist, the Lord and Giver of eternal life, in aU his ordi
nances and appointments; that at last you may give up yom- account with joy
unto Chi-ist, the Judge of all." <= r j j j
[Mr. Lewis was no doubt mistaken in supposing this to be
the original church covenant. The supplementary portion em
braces the " half-way " element, which was not known in New
England tiU some time laten It is uncertain whether it was
fuUy accepted in the Lynn church before 1768. It was adopted
in different churches at different periods, and in some does not
appear to have been known at all. To this half-way covenant,
which was not ^he same in form in all the churches, such per
sons as desired, were admitted, if they sustained acceptable
characters. The common way was for the candidates to pre
sent themselves before the congregation, on Sunday And if
they answered affirmatively the question which was in substance
whether they beheved the Bible to be the word of God and

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1637. 167
would promise to receive it as their rule of faith ahd practice,
they were admitted to baptism for themselves or their children,
though they might never become church members in full com
munion. The Lynn church, in 1768, voted " that none be allows
ed the privilege of baptism for their children, but such as are
members of the church, without their personally owning the
covenant," And hence that date is fixed on as the time when
the half-way covenant was adopted. It does not seem to have
been common among the churches here, in the earliest times, to
adopt doctrinal covenants or confessions of faith, there being
no essential disagreements in matters of doctrine. They rattier
entered into simple agreements to walk together, with the Bible
as their rule of faith. The compact of the first church of Salem,
may be. taken as an example : " We covenant with our Lord and
one with another, 'and we do bind ourselves in the presence
of God, to walk together, in all his ways, according as he. is
pleased to reveal himself unto us." Had Mr. Lewis informed us
which of the ministers the pocket Bible from which he copied
the foregoing covenant of the church of Lynn belonged to, we
might have been the -better able to judge as to the time of its
adoption^; for it is evidently not the " original church cove
nant."] '
Some of the Pequot Indians, having committed several mur
ders upon the whites, induced the people of Massachusetts to
commence a war upon them. On the 16th of June, this year,
Gov. Henry Vane ordered Lieut. Edward Howe to have hig
men in readiness; and in August, four companies of volunteers
were called out, one of which was commanded by Capt, Na
thaniel Turner, of Lynn, They were directed to^ demand the
murderers, with a thousand fathom of wampum, and some of the
Indian children, as hostages. At Block Island, they destroyed
seven canoes, sixty wigwams, and many acres of corn, and killed
one Indian. At New London, they burnt the canoes and wig
wams, killed thirteen Indians, and returned, 14 September,
163 7,
On the 18th of April, 175 men were raised for a second expe
dition against the Pequots, Boston furnished 26, Lynn 21,
(16 at first and 5 afterward,) Cambridge 19, Salem 18, Ipswich
17, Watertown 14, Dorchester 13, Charlestown 12, Roxbury
10, Newbury 8, Hingham 6, Weymouth 5, Marblehead 3, and
Medford 3, Thie Connecticut troops attacked the Pequots on
the 26th of May, a little before daybreak. Sassacus, the Pequot
Sachem, had built a rude fort, surrounded by a palisade of trees.
The soldiers came to t.he fort in sUence, discharged their mus
kets on the slumbering natives, and then set fire to the camp,
Stoughton, who commanded the expedition, says, of " six or

168 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1637.
seven hundred Indians," many of whom were women and old
men, and helpless chUdren, only " about seven escaped. lhe
soldiers from Lynn arrived three days after the massacre, and
returned on the 26th of August. Sassacus, after this desolation
of his tribe, fled to the Mohawks, where he was soon afterward
murdered, as it was supposed, by an Indian of the NarraganseU
tribe, who were his enemies. Thus perished Sassacus, the last
and bravest of the Pequots ; a chief, who in the annals of Greece
would have received the fame of a hero — in the war of Ameri
can freedom, the praise of a patriot. [Under date 7 June, Mn
Humfrey writes to Gov. Winthrop, concerning the Pequot affairs,
as foUows :
" MtjcH Honoured :
"Hitherto the lord hath beene -wf^ us, blessed forever be his ever
blessed name. Our nation, the gospel, the blood of those murthered per
sons of ours scemes to triuraph in the present successe. Now 1 only desire
to suggest it to yor wise and deeper considerations whether it be not probable
the confederates of the Pequotts will not be glad to purchase a secure and
feareles condition to theraselues, by delivering up those men, or theu- heads,
who have wrought and brought so rauch miserie upon themselues and theirs.
Or if not so, whither (if they give good assurance of hostages, &c.,) the blood
shed by them may not seeme to be sufBciently expiated by so great an ine-
qualitie on their sides. Hithei-to the horror and ten-or of our people to all the
natives is aboundantiy vindicated and made good. If providence for our
humbling (as in regard to my self I much feare) should flesh them so by some
new ci-uelties upon anie of ours, how low wee may be laid both in their and
the eyes of om- confederate Indians, and to how great daunger to us, yea possi-
blie our posterities, I leave to your graver thoughts, if it be worth the consid
eration ; only to my shallownes it scemes considerable. 1st., whither it were
not safe pawsing to see what effect this vrill or may worke upon such a de
mand ; 2dly, whither not best to rest in certaine victorie and honor acquired
upon so small a losse ; 3dly, whither (if we can-y away the greatest glory of
these poore barbarous people in our b-iumphs over thera,) the losse of 3 men
more (if we should not exceede) may not be paraleld w'"' so manie hundreds
more of theirs; 4thly, whither wee must not be forced at last (and it may be
in worse circurastances) to take this course unlesse divine iustice will miracu
lously shew it selfe in bringing them all into our net, w* according to reason
is not likely ; 5thly, whither the dreadfulnes of om- maine Battallios (as it were)
be [not ?] better to be measured by their feares raised on this last, than to see,
say, or think, that our former victorie was not so much by valor as accident,
w""* wee ourselves doe acknowledge providence ; Bthly, whither if we refuse
to give or take such conditions now, they may not be likely to hold us to
worse, or necessitate us to a perpetual war if for om- owne ease wee after
seke them, and when they see us, (as they may) afraide in the like manner.
Much more, and to as little purpose, might be saide. But if you continue
yo^ resolutions to proceed according to former intentions you may please to
consider whither these bottles to bee used granado wise may not be of some
use ; and whither (if the fort be so difficulte as it is reported into w*"^ they
shall for their last refuge retire,) it were not [advisable?] to prepare a petar or
two to comaund entrance. Thus laying my low thoughts £uid my selfe at
yo^ feete, to be kick* out or admitted as you see good,, being glad to hope of
the continuance of yo' purpose to see us in yo' way to Ipswich, w''' my ser
vice to you and yours, Irest yet and ever.
Yours (if anie thing) to serve you, Jo : Humfrey.
June 7th, 1637."

ANNALS OP LTNN — -1637. 169
[A fast was held in all the churches, 20 June, on account of
the Indian war and antinomian disturbances, occasioned by Ann
Hutchinson. Among her advocates, were Gov. Vane and Rev.
Messrs. Cotton and Wheelwright; and among her opponents.
Gov. Winthrop and Rev. John Wilson.]
On the 23d of June, Gov. Winthrop visited Lynn, and was
escorted by the inhabitants to Salem. He returned on the
28th, traveling in the night, in consequence of the heat, which
was so excessive that many persons died. '
Graham says there were at this time but thirty-seven ploughs
in the colony, most of which were at Lynn.
The members of the Quarterly Court, this -year, were John
Humfrey and Edward Howe,
In a tax of .£400, the proportion of Lynn was £28.16,
The General Court ordered that no person should make any
cakes or buns, " except for burials, marriages, and such like
special occasions."
[The Court ordered that corn should be received as legal
tender, at five shUlings tte bushel.]
This year a large number of people removed from Lynn, and
commenced a new settlement at Sandwich, The grant of the
town was made on the 3d of April, by the colony of Plymouth,
"It is ordered, that these ten men of Saugus, namely, Edmund
Freeman, Henry Feake, Thomas Dexter, Edward Dillingham,
WiUiam Wood, John Carman, Richard Chadwell, William Almy,
Thomas Tupper, and George Knott, shall have liberty to view
a place to sit down on, and have land suflScient fdr three score
famUies, upon the conditions propounded to them by- the Gov
ernor and Mr. Winslow." Thomas Dexter did not remove, but
the rest of the above named went, with forty-six other men
from Lynn, \
The Rev, Thomas Cobbet arrived from England, on the 26th
of May, and was soon after installed in the ministry, as a col
league with Mr. Whiting. The two ministers continued together
eighteen years, Mn Whiting was styled pastor, and Mr.,Cobbet
teacher. This year the name of the-town was changed from Saugus to
Ltnn, The record of the General Court, on the 15th of No
vember, consists of only four words :
" Saugust is called Lin,"
This relates merely to the change of the name, the town having
been incorporated in 1630, [See page 134.] The name was
given in compliment to Mr, Whiting, who came from old Lynn,
in Norfolk county, England. [Mr. Lewis makes a slight mistake
in the first date. The order changing the name of the town
tvas passed 20 November, corresponding with 30 November
of the present style. And in the word Lin the N has a line

170 ANNALS OP LYNN — 1637,
over it, denoting that it should be doubled. So the true spell
ing was Linn, But the orthography soon went through aU
the mutations possible, in which the sound could be preserved,
and finally settled down on Ltnn, Swampscot is just now
being teased in regard to the spelling of her name ; some doub
ling the final letter, others not, I believe the act of incorpora
tion speUs it, with two t'; but I have foUowed Mr, Lewis, in
using but one, it seeming more simple and more in accordance
with the style ofthe Indian language from which the name comes.
As to the time when the town was incorporated,.it is not certain
that he is entirely right on principle, when he claims that the
recognition of hpr representatives in the General Court was a
• constructive incorporation. If I mistake not Dane does not
'allow such a rule. Yet, it may be asked, if Lynn was not incor-
.'porated in 1630, when was she ?]
Old Lynn, in England, was called Lynn Regis, or King's Lynn,
It was patronized by King John, who, in 1215, received great
service from that town in his war against France, " iJie granted
them a mayor, and gave them his own sword to. be carried be
fore him, with a silver gilt cup, which they have to this day."
(Camden's Britannia.) The anciei;it Britons gave it the name
of Lhyn, a word signifying a lake or sheet of water, CamdeH
says, it was " so named from its spreading waters." Speed, in
his Chronicles of England, calls the waters before the old town,
"the Washes of Linne." [Others affirm that the true name was
Len, from the Saxon word len, a farm or tenure-in fee ; though
the Saxons sometimes used the word to signify church lands. Irt
Doomsday Book, (1086,) it is caUed Lenne. It was about 1607
that it was called Bishop's Linne, it then belonging to the Bish
op of Norwich. When the revenues ofthe bishopric came into
the hands of the king, those of Linne among the rest, it began
to be called Lynn Regis, or King's Lynn, And 'by that name
or simply as Lynn, it has been known to this day.]
An old British legend of 1360, asserts that the "Friar of
Linn," by magic art, went to the North Pole, and came to Ameri
ca. There is a very beautiful baUad, of an early date, entitied
" The Heire of Linne." I have only room for two stanzas :
" The bonnie bene, the weel faured heu-e,
And the weary heire of Linne, •
Yonder he stands at his father's gate.
And naebody bids him come in,
» * * «
" Then he did spy a littie wee lock,
And the key gied Imking in,
And he gat goud and raoney therein,
To pay the lands o' Linne,"
[The first burial in the Old Burying Ground, at the west end
ofthe Common, so far as is certainly known, took place this yean

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1638.

171

The remains interred were those of John Bancroft, the same
individual spoken of on page 118, as ancestor of George Ban
croft the distinguished historian.]
2l town meeting was held this year, in which Daniel Howe,
Richard Walker, and Henry Collins, were chosen a committee
to divide the lands ; or, as it was expressed in the record, " To
lay out ffarmes," The land was laid out in those parts of tbe
town best adapted to cultivation; and the /woodlands were
reserved ats common property, and called the " town common,"
not being divided until sixty-nine years afjter,
' 1638,
The committee appointed by the town to divide the lands,
completed their task, and a book was provided, in which the
names of the proprietors, with the number of acses allotted to
each, were recorded. That book is lost ; but a copy of the first
three pages has been preserved in the files of the Quarterly.
Court, at Salem, from which the. following is transcribed, I
have taken the justifiable liberty, in this instance, to spell the
words porrectly, and to supply a few omissions, which are in
cluded in brackets. The word " ten," which is added to many
of the allotments, implies that a separate lot of ten acres was
granted, [The first allotment, it will be seen, was to Lord,
Brook, And the Court, 13 March, 1639, empower Edward
Holyoke to manage the estate pf bis lordship, " vntill the Lord
Brooke do otherwise dispose of it.]
PAGE I,
These lands foUovring were given to the inhabitants of the town of Lynn,
Anno Domini 1638, .

To the Right Honorable the Lord
Brook, 800 acres, as it is esti
mated.
To Mr. Thomas Willis, upland and
meadow, 500 acres, as it is esti
mated.
Mr. Edward Holyoke, upland and
meadow, 500 acres, as it is esti
mated.
Henry Collins, upland and rrieadow,
80 acres, and ten.
Mr. [Joseph] Floyd, upland and mea
dow, 60 acres, and ten.
Edmund and Francis Ingalls, upland
and meadow, 120 acres.
Widow Bancroft, 100 acres.
Widow Hamraond, 60 acres.
George BurriU, 200 acres. •
John Wood, 100 acres,
Thomas Talmage, 200.
Nicholas Brown, 200.

William Cowdrey, 60,
Thomas Laighton, 60,
John Cooper, 200,
Allen Breed, 200,
John Pool, 200,
Edward Howe, 200 and ten.
Thomas Sayre, 60.
Job Sayre, 60.
Thomas ChadweU, 60.
WiUiam Walton, 60.
Christopher Foster, 60. ^
William BaUard, 60,
Josias Stanbury, 100,
Edmund Farrington, 200,
Nicholas Potter, 60,
WiUiam Knight, 60.
Edward Tomlms, 200. and twenty.
,["Mr," ] South,100,
Boniface Burton, 60.
John Smith, 60.
Mr, Edward HoweU, 500.

172

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1638.

PAGE II.

To Nicholas Batter, 60.
Mr. [Richard] Sadler, 200, and tiie
rock by his house.
Joseph Ai-mitage, 60.
Godfrey Armitage, 60.
To Matthew West, upland and mea
dow, 30, and ten.
George Farr, 30, and ten.
James Boutwell, 60 acres.
Zachary Fitch, 30, and ten.
-JalTCtt Spenser, 30 acres.
Jenkin Davis, 30, and ten.
George Tavlor, 30, and ten.
[William] Thorn, 30, and ten,
"--Thomas Townsend, 60,
" Thoraas Parker, 30, and ten,
Francis Lightfoot, 30, and ten,
Richard Johnson, 30, and ten,
Robert Parsons, 30, and ten.

Edwa.rd Burcbam, 30^ and ten.
Anthony NewhaU, 30.
Thomas Newhall, 30.
Thoraas Marshall, 30, and ten.
Michael Spenser, 30.
Timothy Tomlins, 80.
[William] Harcher, 20.
Richard Roolton, 60.
[Nathaniel] Handforth, 20.
Thomas Hudson, 60.
Thomas Halsye, 100.
Samuel Bennett, 20.
John Elderkin, 20.
Abraham Belknap, 40.
Robert Briver, 20.
Joseph Rednap, 40.
[John] Deacon, 20,
Phihp Kertland, senior, 10,

PAGE 'III.

To PhUip Kertland, junior, 10.
[Goodman] Crosse, 10.
Hugh Burt, 60. ,
[Goodman] Wathin, 10.
Richard Brooks, 10.
Francis Godson, 30.
George Welbye,  .
William Partridge, upland, 10 acres.
Henry Gains, 40. ,
Richard Wells, 10.
[Joseph] PeU, 10,
John White, 20.
Edward Baker, 40.
James Axey, 40,
Williara Edmonds, 10,
Edward L-eson, 10,
Jeremy Howe, 20,
WUliam George, 20,

Nathaniel Whiteridge, 10,
George Frail, 10,
Edmund Bridges, 10,
Richard Longley, 40,
Thomas Talmage, junior, 20, —
Thomas Coldam, 60,
Adam Hawkes, upland, 100,
Thoraas Dexter, 350, .
Daniel Howe, upland and meadow, 60.
Richard Walker, upland and meadow,
200.
Ephraim Howe, next to the land of his
father, upland, 10.
[Thoraas] Ivory, 10.
Timotiiy Cooper, 10.
Samuel Hutchinson, 10, by estimation.
Mr, Samuel Whiting, the pastor, 200,-
Mr. Thomas Cobbet, the teacher, 200,

These three pages were taken out of the Town Book of the Records of
Lynn, the 10th 1 mo. Anno Domini, 59, 60, [March 10, 1660j] by me,
Akdkew Mansfield, Town Recorder,
The "Lord Brook" to whom the grant of 800 acres was
made, "was one of those patriots," says Ricraft, "who so ar
dently longed for liberty, that he determined to seek it in
America." He was shot with a musket ball, through the visor
of his helmet, in the civil war of 1642, while storming the cathe
dral of Litchfield, Sir Walter Scott alludes to this sacrilege, in
Marmion,  "When fanatic Brook
The fair cathedral stormed and took :
But thanks to heaven and good St, Chad,
A guerdon meet the spoUer had,"

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1638. 173
" He, was killed by a shot fired from St. Chad's Cathedral, on
St. Chad's day, and received bis death wound in the very eye
with which he bad said he hoped to see the ruin of all the
cathedrals in England."
[In the foregoing list of distributees are a few whose names
appear nowhere else in Mr. Lewis's pages. Concerning some
of these I have been able to collect interesting facts'. And of
some of the others, a few matters, deemed worthy of note will
be added. They will be distinguished by italics.
[ William Walton. This was probably Rev. WiUiam Walton,
who, as Farmer says, was minister at Marblehead nearly thirty
years, though not ordained; having gone there in 1639.. He
could have been at Lynn but a short time, as nothing is found
of him here before 1635 or after 1638. He seems to have been
a man of enterprise and worth. And he was well educated,
having taken his degrees at Emanuel college. We find him at
Hingham, in 1635 ; and he was admitted a freeman in 1636.
He became interested in the settlement of Manchester ; and it
seems not improbable, went there, more or less, every year, to
teach. The passage from Marblehead to Manchester, by water,
it will be observed, is short and safe. He died in September,
1668. Mather misnames him Waltham.
[Mr. South. There is difficulty in determining with- certainty
who this individual was. The "Mr," appears to have been
supplied by Mn Lewis. It was a title of dignity, and more
charily used than " Esq," is at the present day. Perhaps he
bestowed it,|in this case, on the supposition that because a hun
dred acres were allotted, the recipient must have been more
eminent than the " Goodmen," who received but ten. But
judgraent founded on such a circumstance would be quite un
safe, for the miserable Jenkin Davis received " 30 and ten."
There was a William South, who, at a Court of Assistants, 4 Sep
tember,. 1638, was " Censured to bee severely whiped and kept
to the Generall Courte. By whom he was banished, to returne
no more vpon paine of death," His offence is not stated. But
this seems to dispose of him, and confirm the belief that he could
not have been the Lynn settler. There is among the Salem
Court files a will of Ann Crofts, of Lynn, wherein she speaks of
her father South. Now this Ann Crofts, or Crafts, as Mr. Lewis
has the name, was grandmother of Hon. John BurriU, the shi
ning legislative light, her first husband having been Thomas
Ivory, and their daughter Lois having married John Burrill,
senior. And by recurring to the deposition of Clement Coldam,
on page 143, it wUl be found that there was a "mn South " here
about the year 1650, for whom the deponent says he " kept
the key' of the old since," But it wiU not profit to pursue
inquiries respecting this rather mysterious individual,
0*

174 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1638.
[Richard Sadler. Mn Sadler, it appears, had granted to him,
in addition to his 200 acres, " the rock by his house." _ And
this lofty porphyry cUff, which towers up near the. junction of
Walnut and Holyoke streets, is stiU known as Sadler's Rock.
The view from it is extensive ahd beautiful, commanding the
whole compass of the great plain on which the city stands, with
the exception of a small portion of the northern and eastern
fringe, and almost the whole extent of the Bay, The stone
dweUing, erected near its base, in 1854, by the writer, stands a
few rods farther up the hill, than the romantic nestling place
of Mr, Sadler's modest habitation. That our worthy predeces
sor in this locality stood high in public estimation, is manifest
from the responsible duties he was elected to perfqrm. And
that he was a man of education seems evident from the fact that'
soon after his return to England he was ordained as a minister'
at WhixaU, in Shropshire, See pages 157 and '8,
[Joseph Armitage. Mr. Armitage, at the Ipswich Court, 26
March, 1661, then aged " about sixty years," under oath stated
as follows : " In this division of lands, I and my brother Godfrey
Armitage had given vnto vs about fourscore acres. I sold it
about twenty and one years since for fifteene pounds in gold.
And that the Land in Lyn ViUage, the thirty and forty acre
lotts, are worth and sold for twenty shiUings p'' acre." >
__ [Jarrett Spenser. I think the baptismal name of this individ
ual should be speUed Garrett. He was the person to whom the
" fferry at Linn" was granted in 1639. He came to Lynn in 1637,
and was admitted a freeman the same year. Sometime before
1660 he removed to Haddam, Ct., and was tiiere a representa
tive in 1674 and '5. He was the father of a numerous family.
About 1665 his daughter Hannah married Daniel Brainard, grand
father of the celebrated missionary.
[Thomas Halsye. Mr. Halsye was one of the Long Island
settlers who went from Lynn. He remained many years at
Southampton, and was the richest man in the place. He had
much influence, and was active in establishing the Connecticut
jurisdiction. In 1664, he was a representative. In 1666, his
wife, or possibly the wife of his son Thomas, was murdered by a
drunken Indian. And that was the only Indian murder com
mitted in the Southampton colony. The murderer was promptly
surrendered and executed.
[Jolm Elderkin. Mr. Elderkin seems to have removed from
Lynn soon after these land aUotments were made. He became
a sojourner in divers places. In 1651 he was at New London,
and there built the first church and the first mUl. He finally
settied at Norwich, in 1664, and there likewise built the first
church and the first miU, and died 23 June, 1687. He had two
wive? and several children. His widow died at the ma&ure age

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1638. 175
of 95, in 1716, at Norwich, WhUq at Lynn, Mn Elderkin owned
the mill which previously belonged to Mr, HoweU,
[Eichard BrooTcs. This settier arrived in 1635,° and was then
25 years of age. He came in the Susan and Ellen, In 1650 he
went to Easthampton, being one of the first settlers there,
[Francis Godson. This individual ; was a laborer, or crafts
man. On the Colony Records, 5 Aug. 1634, appears this entry :
" Frauncis Godson hath boiind himselfe in xl. for his psonall
appearance att the Court to be holden in Octob'^ nexte to an
swer for breach of an order of Court in takeing to greate wages,
&c." It will be remembered that the wages of mechanics and
laborers were regulated by the Court,
[Eichard Wells. Mn Wells removed to Salisbury, where he
became a prominent citizen, and a deacon in the church. He
died 12 July, 1672,
[Jeremy Howe. This was a son of Edward Howe, and he
came over with his father, in the Truelove, 1635, He removed
to New Haven, where he reared a family. Jeremiah Howe, one
of the first settlers of Wallingford, in 1670, was probably his
son, though at that time but about 20 years old. He died in
1690. [Eichard Longley. A singular dispute arose respecting this
grantee, a WiUiam Longley, or Langley, claiming that, he was
the person intended. By the records, it appears that at the
Court held at Ipswich, 26 March, 1661, Andrew Mansfield, aged
" about thirty eight yeares," made affidavit that be had been an
inhabitant of Lynn, " aboute two or three and twentye yeares,"
and that William Longley came at the time he did, and " by
him selfe and famUye " had remained an inhabitant, having
bought a house and land; that about 1649, this William Long-
ley, at a general town meeting, demanded that his portion of
land should be laid out, according to the town records ; that
"the Records were vewed and therein was found 40 acores
granted to one Eichard Longlye ; but his name being WiUiam,
and not Richard, as ^alsoe sum asking the s* Longlye Whether
hee had p* for the Laying it out ; he Answering that he had
not," the majority voted that it was not his. Mr. Mansfield
also testified that Longley had been called by the name of
Langley, and that be never knew an inhabitant of Lynn " called
Longlye or Langlye, but this WiUiam Longlye and his ffamilye."
Clement Coldam and Hugh Burt, at the same Court, gave simi
lar testimony, Coldapi declaring — "the s* W. Longley did in
my hearing demand his proportion of land according to a former
grant, and this demand being at a generall Town Meeting, some
present answered that if he, the s* £ongley, could prove Landes
to be granted to him by the Towne, he might have it, or else
nott; some present granting that there was land granted to

176 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1638,
Eichard Langley, but none to WiUiam Langley ; further, this
deponent, being an Inhabitant of the Towne of Linn before
WiUiam Longley came into the s* Towne, and many years after,
affirme that the sayed Longley was for many years caled Laugh,
and nott Longley, and is frequently so caUed vnto this day;
neither hath this deponent knowne any Inhabitant of Linn caUed
by the name of Langley or Longley but onely this WUliam Long-
ley and his ffamiley." On the question of laying out the land to
WiUiam Longley, however, the town voted in the negative.
But it is a little remarkable that at the " generall towne meet
ing" at which his petition was considered, there should, not
have been numbers who really knew whether he was the person
intended in the distribution, which was made but twelve years
before. It is difficult to conclude that the town was deter
mined to withold the land, right or wrong, or that the petitioner
was fraudulently endeavoring to gain it by boldly claiming what
he knew was intended for another. It seems, however, on the
whole, pretty well estabUshed, though there remained room for
doubt, that William was intended. Yet it must be added, that
there was a Richard Longley in some part of Lynn, in 1636,
who had two sons, William and Jonathan. He may have left
towh before the distribution and without the deponents' having
any knowledge of him. In conclusion of tbe mysterious mat
ter, it must be remarked that William Longley, the petitioner,
finally recovered a judgment, in the Court, for the land, or
forty pounds in money. And it was out of this affair that the
charge of perjury which John Hathorne made against Andrew
Mansfield and WiUiam Longley, grew ; an accusation which, in
its turn, produced a jar between the legal and ecclesiastical
powers. See under dates 1662 and 1663. It was a small mat
ter but it, kindled a great fire.
[Thomas Talmage, jr. This is thought to be the same Lieut, ,
Talmage, of New Haven, who was killed in the savage attack
on Schenectady, 8 Feb., 1690, though he must then have been
ripe in years.]
Though the 8680 acres of land thus laid out among 100 fam
Uies, comprised the best portion of the plantation, the people
thought they had not sufficient room, and petitioned the Court
for more. On the 13th of March, "Lynn was granted 6 miles
into the country ; and Mr Hawthorne and Leift. Davenport to
view and inform how the land beyond lyeth, whether it be fit
for another plantation or no." The land laid out by this order
was for many years caUed Lynn End, and now constitutes the
town of Lj-nnfield. The Court afterward very prudentiy or
dered that the Governor and Assistants should " take care that
the Indians have satisfaction for their right at Lynn."
The preceding winter was extremely severe, the snow con-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1638. 177
tinning from 16 November to 4 April, and the spring was so
cold that the farmers were compelled to plant their corn " two
or three times,"
On the first of June, between the hours of three and four in
the afternoon, there was an earthquake. It shook the whole
country very heavily, making a noise like the rattling of coaches,
and continued about four minutes. The earthquake was very
great ; people found it difficult to stand, an^ furniture and
chimneys were thrown down. Other smaller shocks occurred
for several weeks after, [This appears to have been the first
earthquake noticed "by the settlers. It seemed to proceed from
the northwest, and began with a noise resembling the roar of
distant thunder.
. [The celebrated Military Company, which has continued in
existence to this day, and is now known as the Ancient and
Honorable Artillery Company, was formed on the first of June.
Daniel Howe, of Lynn, was chosen lieutenant. And two other
I^ynn men, Edward Tomlins and Nathaniel Turner, became
members at the same time. And from time to time during the
long period from that day to the prpsent our townsmen have
been found in the ranks. The early settlers did not come for
purposes of conquest, and were accompanied by no military
force ; the common means of defense, indeed, seem to have
been grudgingly supplied by the Directors, There were few
among the first immigrants, possessing skill in the arts of war,
for they especially prided themselves on being foUowers of
the Prince of Peace. It soon, however, became apparent, that
in retaining their foothold here, they would occasionally be
compelled to resort to . carnal weapons ; tbat guns as weU as
catechisms would be called in requisition; that whatever might
be the views of the governmeut at home, or their own views,
on political doctrine or abstract questions of right, the natives,
in^their rude conceptions of justice, would view them as intruders
or occupants at sufferance. And having the shrewdness to per
ceive that with adequate preparation the battle would be half
won, they speedily set about perfecting some sort of military
organization. Train-bands, as they were called, were presently
formed in every considerable settlement, officered by the most
experienced and fearless. And these held themselves in readi
ness to do their utmost for defense. But under a system so
inadhesive it was seen that much force must be wasted through
diversity of organization and mode of discipline. It was there
fore thought advisable that a company should be formed at
Boston, embracing members from the various sections, which
should operate as a sort of regulator in mUitary affairs, and a
school for instruction in tactics. Action was soon taken ; a
charter was obtained ; and on the first Monday of June, 1638,
12

178 ANNALS, OP LTNN — 1638, 1
the renowned Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company waa
formed. [In the charter, it is caUed the " MiUtary Company of the Mas
sachusetts." But having soon obtained field pieces, it began
to be called the ArtiUery Qompany, or the Great ArtiUery, As
late as 1691, Cotton Mather, in his election sermon, caUs it tbe
ArtUlery Company. In 1708, however, Mn Danforth, in the
titie-page of his sermon, prefixes the word " Honorable." Pi-
'nally, in 1738, Dr. Colman, who preached tbe centennial sermon,
gives the fuU titie, "Honorable and Ancient ArtiUery Company."
The charter granted privUeges to the Company, and it was fos
tered with much soUcitude. There were some, however, who
viewed the new institution with distrust, fearing that it might
prove the germ of a power that would subvert or endanger the
liberties ofthe people. Indeed there was some difficulty in ob
taining the charter, on the ground that several of the proposed
members were known adherents of Mrs. Hutchinson.
[At the organization, Robert Keayne, an eminent merchant
of Boston, was elected Captain. He was father of Benjamin
Keayne, who lived a short time at Lynn, and of whom some
particulars may be found under date 1645. Daniel Howe, as
before stated, was elected lieutenant. He was a Lynn man, and
an officer of the train-band here. Such was the beginning of
this famous military Company, and it yet continues in health
ful existence. The elections are still made on the first Monday
of June. And the pleasant holiday of Artillery Election con
tinues to be honored by a sermon, and a dinner. And the Gover
nor dispenses the commissions from his seat on Boston Common.
[It is not now known whether the Company bad a uniform at
the time of its organization. There is a tradition, however, that
tbey soon appeared in enormous white wigs. Dr. Colman, in
his centennial sermon, before aUuded to, remarks, " The captains
awed their famUies and neighbors by their gravity and piety,
as weU as frightened their enemies by their boldness and firm
ness. The natives trembled when they saw them train, andold
as weU as young stood stUl and reverenced them as they passed
along in martial order." Though they do not inspire precisely
such feelings, as they parade, at the present day, they yet re
ceive marked attention. And may the venerable organization
fiourish through centuries to come. A list of the members
from Lynn wiU appear among the tables at the close of the
volume. [This year, some of the Pequot captives were sent to tbe
West Indies and sold for return cargoes of cotton, tobacco, and
negroes. And this was the beginning of negro slavery here.
Along in the next century large quantities of rum were shipped
from New England to the coast of Africa and exchanged for

I

ANNALS OP. LTNN — 1638. 179
negroes, some of whom -were carried into the southern colonies
and others disposed of here. It is not easy to determine pre
cisely what the real feelings of our puritan ancestors were
regarding negro slavery. To judge from the occasional Court
orders, it would appear that for the most part it was entirely
discountenanced qr existed only in a greatiy modified form.
But from other sources are derived hints that it was favored, in
some of its most inhuman features. In 1641, the Court declare,
by a general act, that " There shall never be any bond slaverie,
villianage, or captivitie amongst us, unless it be lawfuU captives
taken in just warres, and such strangers as wUHngly seUe them
selves or are sold to us. This exempts none from- servitude
who shall be judged thereto by authoritie," This is very loose.
What is to prevent the existence of negro slavery, under the
clause " such strangers as selle themselves or are sold to us " ?
And under the clause " lawfuU captives taken in 'just warres,"
where stand the poor Indians ? In 1701, the people of Boston
passed a vote, desiring their representatives to use exertions to
encourage the in-coming of white servants and to put a period
to the enslaving of negroes. Judge Sewall writes, 22 June,
1716, " I essayed to prevent negroes and Indians being rated
with horses and cattie, but could not succeed." There were
4.489 slaves in Massachusetts, in 1754. It was not, in reality,
till 1783, that slavery came to an end in the state, though there
were some Court orders professedly aimed at its extinguish
ment, at a much earlier date. The following appeared as an
advertisement in the Boston News Letter, in August, 1742 : " A
negro woman to be sold by the printer of this paper; the very
best negro woman in town, — who has had the small-pox, and
the measles, — is as healthy as a horse, — as brisk as a bird, and
will work like a beaver."]
A settlement was this year begun at Hampton, in New Hamp;
shire, by Rev. Stephen Bachiler, Christopher Hussey, and four
teen others, most of whom bad been inhabitants of Lynn.
Many farmers pastured their cows in one drove, and watched
them alternately. When it came to Mr. John Gillow's turn, an
ill-minded man detained him in conversation till the cows strayed
into a field of corn, where two of them ate so much that they
became sick, and one of them died. It happened that these
two cows belonged to the man who had occasioned the mis
chief, who complained of Mr. Gillow before the Court of Assist
ants, at Boston, 7 September. As it was proved that the man
had boasted of having designed that the cattle -should stray, the
case was decided in Mr. Gillow's favor.
On the sixth of September, Mr, John Humfrey sold to Eman
uel Downing, of Salem, " the 2 ponds and so much high ground
about the ponds, as is needful to keep the Duck Coys, privately

180 ANNALS OP L?-NN — 1639,
set, from disturbance of ploughmen, herdsmen, and others pass-
ing by that way, which he may enclose, so as to take not in
above fifty acres of the upland round about the same," These
two ponds were probably Coy and Deep p^nds, near Forest
river. In the Registry, at Salem, where the above is recorded,
Mr, Humfrey is called of Salem ; but that is not a copy of the
original grant. In eariy time, the deeds were not recorded
literally, but only a sketch of them was entered by the clerk,
A common form of beginning deeds then was, " To aU Christian
People." One deed is recorded, which commences thus —
" To aU Christian People, Fishermen, and Indians,"
1639.
Among those who promoted the settiement of New England,
were several of the name of Lewis. Some of them were in
the country at a very early period, but the name first appears
at Lynn, this yean I have copious memoirs of this family, from
which I sfaaU make a few brief extracts, that I may not be like
the poet described by Leyden, who
" Saved other names, and left his own unsung."
When the whole country was a wUderness, Thomas Lewis
came from Wales to estabUsh a plantation. He madehis first
visit to Saco, then caUed by the Indians, Saga-dahock, in 1628;
and on the 12th of February, 1629, received the foUowing grant,
a copy of which was preserved in the archives of Massachusetts,
To all Christian People, to whom this present wi-iting indented shall come :
The Council for the Affairs in New England . , , in consideration that
Thomas Lewis, Gentleman,_hath already been at the charge to ti-ansport him
self and others to take a view of New England , . , for the bettering of his
experience in the advancmg of a Plantation, and doth now wholly mtend by
God's assistance, to plant there, both for the good of his Majesty's realms and
for the propagation of the Christian ReUgion araong those infidels ; and in
consideration that the said Thomas Lewis, together with Captain Richard
Bonython, and theu- associates have undertaken, at then- own proper costs and
charges, to fa-ansport Fifty Persons thither, within seven years , , , have given
all that part ofthe Maine Land, commonly called and laiown by the name of
Sagaoahock , , , containing in breadth, from northeast to southwest, along
by tiie Sea, Four Miles in a straight line, accounting seventeen himdred and
three score yards, according to the standard of England, to every mile, and
Eight English Miles upon the Maine Land, upon the north side of the River
Sagadahock , , , He and they yielding and paying unto our Sovereign Lord,
the King, one fifth part of gold and silver, one other fifth part to the Council
aforesaid. This deed was signed by Edward Gorges ; and the Rev. Wil
liam Blaxton, of Boston, was named attorney for the Council.
This grant included 32 square mUes, and comprised the whole
of the town of Saco. Thomas Lewis died in 1640. Judith, his
eldest daughter and heiress, married James Gibbins.
William Lewis was descended from a very respectable

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1639. 181
family in Wales, His descendants enjoy great satisfaction in
being able to trace their descent from a very high antiquity.
He came to Boston in 1636. In the year 1640, he and his wife
Amy are recorded by Rev. John EUot, o^ Roxbury, as attend
ants at his church. In 1653, he became one of the proprietors
of the pleasant inland town of Lancaster,' on the Nashua river,
and was the third person in regard to wealth among the settlers
of that town. He died 1 Dec. 1671. He had eight chUdren ;
1. John, born 1 Nov. 1635. 2. Christopher, b, 2 Dec, 1636.
3. Lydia, b. 25 Dec. 1 639. 4. Josiah, b. 28 July, 1641. 5. Isaac,
b. 14 April,- 1644. 6. Mary, baptized 2 Aug. 1646. 7. Hannah,
baptized 18 March, 1648. 8. Mordecai, born 1 June, 1650, His
son John returned to Boston, and built a house on laud which
his father had purchased of Governor Richard BeUingham,
[At this point Mn Lewis gives his own lineage thus :
WiUiam Lewis, of Wales, and Amy his wife, had children, John,
Christopher, Lydia, Josiah, ||Isaac^, of Boston, Mary, Hannah,
Mordecai.
Isaac Lewis^, of Boston, married Mary Davis, and bad children,
Mary, ||Isaac^ of Boston, Joseph, John, Abraham.
Isaac Lewis^, of Boston married Hannah Hallett, and had chil
dren, Isaac, John, Hannah, WiUiam, Abijah, Mary, ||Nathan,
of Boston, Joseph,
Nathan Lewis, of Boston, married Mary Newhall, and had chil
dren, Lois, Nathan, John, Thomas, David, Henry, Benjarnin,
llZachariah, of Lynn, Stephen, William.
Zachariah Lewis, of Lynn, married Mary Hudson, and had chil
dren, IIAlonzo, ofLynn, the historian, Irene, Mary, William,
[But since Mr, Lewis traced his pedigree additional facilities
for genealogical research have been secured, and many doubtful
points determined. It now seems quite clear that the first of
the two Isaacs named was not a son of WiUiam of Wales ; and
that the following, is a correct pedigree :
[John Lewis, of Maiden, by his second wife, Mary, daughter
of Abraham Browne, of Watertown, had Isaac, who, by his wife
Mary Davis, had Isaac, of Rumney Marsh (Chelsea), who, by his
wife Hannah Hallett, had Nathan, of Boston, who by his wife
Mary Newhall, had Zachariah, of Lynn, who by his wife Mary
Hudson, had Alonzo, the historian. "... it must be ob
served," says Savage, in speaking of the first Isaac, ." that this
Isaac is by Lewis, in History of Lynn, made son of WUUam of
Roxbury [or Wales] ; and the historian asserts that his grand
father Nathan was grandson of this person. But court records,
as brought out in the invaluable History of Watertown, by Bond,
p. 125, show the contrary."]
Edmund Lewis — was one of the early proprietors of Water-
town, and was admitted a freeman, 25 May, 1636. On the 14th
P •

182 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1639;
of October, 1638, he was one ofthe committee appointed to lay
out the lands in that town. He came to Lynn in 1639, and was
the first settier in Lewis street. He died in January, 1651,.
The' name of his wife was Mary, and his chUdren were John,
Thomas, James and Nathaniel. His descendants remain,
George Lewis carde from East Greenwich, in tbe county of
Kent, England, He was at Plymouth, in 1633. He removed
to Scituate, and afterward to Barnstable, He married Sarah
Jenkins, in England, and had nine. chUdren, of whom Joseph
and John were kiUed by the Indians, in the war of 1675, Dn'
Winslow Lewis, of Boston, descended from this famUy.
On the 14th of January there was an earthquake,
[There was an unusual drought in the early part of this yean
Scarcely any rain feU between 26 AprU and 4 June.]
Another grant of land was made to the town, by the General
Court, on the ninth of Septemben " The petition of the Inhab
itants of Lynn, for a place for an inland plantation, at the head
of their bounds is granted them 4 miles square, as the place
wiUaffoard; upon condition that the petitioners shall, within
two years, make some good proceeding in planting, so as it may
be a village, fit to contain a convenient number of inhabitants,
which may in dewe time have a church there ; and so as such
as shall remove to inhabit there, shall not withall keepe their
accommodations in Linn above 2 years after their removal to
the said viUage, upon pain to forfeit tiieir interest in one of
them at their election ; except this court shall see fit cause to
dispense further with them." The settlement thus begun was
called Lynn Village, and included Reading, South Reading, and
North Reading. [The land was purchased of tbe Indians for
X10.16, and the deed signed in 1640, by Sagamore George, his
sister Abigail, and one or two others.] ,
Two other settlements were this year begun by people who
removed from Lynn ; one at Barnstable, and the other at Yar
mouth. The General Court allowed the town fifty pounds to build a
bridge over Saugus river, and fifty shiUings annually to keep it
in repair. _ They forbade the people to spread bass or codfish
upon their lands, as they had been accustomed to do, for the
enrichment of the soil. A tax of one thousand pounds was
laid, of which the proportion of Lynn was £79.19.9. On the
third of December, the Court laid a fine of ten pounds upon the
town, for not maintaining a watch against the Indians,
The foUowing order, passed by the General Court for the
regulation of women's dresses, wiU be interesting to my lady
readers. "No garment shaU be made withshort sleeves; and
such as have garments already made with short sleeves, shaU
not wear the same, unless they cover the arm to the wrist; and

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1640. 183
hereafter no person whatever shall make any garment for women
with sleeves more than half an ell wide ; " that is, twenty-two
and a half inches. Our early legislators were anxious to keep
the minds, as well as the persons, of their women " in good
shape." * It seems that in 1637, the ladies of Boston were accus
tomed to meet for social improvement; on which Governor
Winthrop remarks, " That though women might meet, some
few together, to pray and edify one another, yet sucb a set
assembly, where sixty or more did meet every week, and one
woman in a prophetical way, by resolving questions of doctrine,
and expounding scripture, took upon her the whole exercise,
was agreed to be disorderly, and without rule." [The alarm
of the Governor at the power and success of Mrs, Hutchinson
is conspicuous. If women had been allowed greater sway than
they were, in those early times, some things might have been
better managed. One cause of the harsh tone of the -whole
economy of the period is to be looked for in the restricted
influence of the gentler sex.] What would they have thought
in these later times, when women write books, and supply our
pulpits. It might have been well for human welfare, if our
legislators had always been as harmlessly employed, as when
they were cutting out dresses for the ladies,
[John Oliver, Robert Keayne, and Richard Sadler, were ap
pointed to run the bounds between Boston and Lynn,
[At the same Court, Lynn was fined 10s. for "their bad
wayes," and admonished to mend them by the next Court,
There is something a little equivocal in this ; but highways are
probably intended. At the December Court, she was fined 5s.
for want of sealed weights, and 5s, for not giving in a transcript
of her lands.
[This year, the Court granted to Garrett Spenser, " the
fferry at Linn, for two yeares, taking 2* for a single person to
the furthest place, and but a 1'* a -person for more, to the fur
thest place, and but a 1* for a-single person to the nearest place,"
This ferry, was, without doubt, from Needham's Landing, be
tween Chase's miU, and the Turnpike, in Lynn, to Ballard's
Landing, in Bast Saugus, and was a great convenience,]
1640,
Many new inhabitants appear at Lynn about this time. The
great tide of immigration ceased in 1641, and after that time
not many came over,
Samuel Aborne — was a farmer, and resided at first on the
Common. He afterward removed to Lynnfield, where his de
scendants remain.
Hugh Allet — was a farmer, and lived at the south end
of Market street. He had a son Hugh, who married Rebecca

184 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1640.
Hood, 9 Dec. 1681, and had seven chUdren. Solomon, born 11
Oct. 1682; Jacob, b. 28 Jan. 1683; Eleazer, b. 1 Nov. 1686;
Hannah, b. 16 Aug. 1689 -; Richard,, b. 31 July, 1691 ; Joseph,
b. 22 June, 1693 ; Benjamin, b. 24 Feb. 1695. [The fii^t-named
Hugh came over in 1635, at the age of 27, and had sons, John,
born 30 N®v. 1646; Hugh, b. 15 May, 1653; Solomon, b. 2
Aug. 1656; Jacob, b. 5 Sept. 1663 — and daughters, Mary, b.
6 Jan. 1642 ; Martha, b. 31 July, 1649 ; Sarah, b. 15 April, 1651 ;
Hannah, b. 1 June 1661. He died, 25 Jan. 1674. His son Sol
omon, at the age of, nineteen, was killed at Bloody Brook,
1675, having been one of the "flower of Essex," under La
throp.] John Allet — was a farmer, lived in Market street, and had
five children. John, born in January, 1675 ; Hannah, b. 22
Jan. 1679 ; Rebecca, b. 28 May, 1683 ; Hugh, b. 15 Feb. 1685 ;
WilUam, b. 14 July, 168- The descendants of Hugh and John
Alley are very numerous,
Thomas Banceopt (Lieut,) — was a son of widow Bancroft,
and had two children; Ebenezer, born 26 April, 1667; Mary,
b. 16 May, 1670. He died 12 March, 1705. His wife Elizabeth
died 1 May, 1711. His descendants remain. ,
William Bassett — was a farmer, and died 31 March, l703.
He had two sons ; WUliam, who married Sarah Hood, 25 Oct,
1675; and Elisha, whose wife's name was EUzabeth, His de
scendants remain. [He lived on Nahant street, on land which is
stiU (1863) in possession of his descendants. He married Sarah,
daughter of Hugh Burt, who died in 1661, He was an ensign
in the company of Capt, Gardner, of Salem, in the Indian war,
and was at the " §wamp fight." For his services, the General
Court made him a grant of land. Capt. William Bassett, sup
posed to be tbe same individual, was one of a councU of war,
with Major Benjamin Church, at Scarborough, Me. 11 Nov. 1689.
His name often appears in the oldest town records of Lynn,
where, in 1691, he is called Quartermaster Bassett, He died
31 March, 1703. His son WiUiam, who married Sarah Hood, as
stated above, by Mn Lewis, succeeded to the estate. ' This Sa
rah was the same person spoken of under date 1692, as having
been imprisoned for witchcraft, ,He also had a daughter Eliza
beth, who married John Proctor, of Danvers, who was executed
for witchcraft. She was condemned, but pardoned. She had a
second husband, named Richards, His chUdren, besides those
named were Sarah, who married Thomas Elwell, of Gloucester,
in 1675, and in -4701 lived in Salem county, N, J.; Rebecca;
John, born m 1653; Miriam, b. 1655; Mary, b. 1657, who was
also imprisoned for witchcraft, in 1692 ; Hannah, b. 1660 who
married John LiUey of Woburn; Samuel, b. 1664; and Rachel,
b. 1666, who married Ephraim SUsbee, And this is, perhaps as

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1640, 185
convenient an opportunity as any that will occur, to follow the
line down to the present time,
(2) William Bassett, son of William the first Bassett here, man-ied Sarah
Hood, 25 Oct, 1675, and had children, Sarah, born 1676, who married
Joseph Griffin, for her first husband, and a Newbold for her second ; |j Wil
liam, b. 1678, who married Rebecca Ben-y, in 1703, His father's lands
, were divided between him and his brother John ; Mary, b. 1680, who mar
ried a Hill ; John, b. 1682, who married Abigail Beri-y, of Boston ; Hannah,
b. 1685, who married John Estes, of Salem ; Ruth, b. 1689, who married
Abraham Allen, of Marblehead ; Joseph, b. 1692, lost at sea ; Deliverance,
b. 1695, who, in 1719, married Samuel Breed ; Abigail, who, in 1728, mar
ried Samuel Alley.
(3) Williara Bassett, son of (2) William, had children, Rebecca, born
1709 ; Mh-iam, b. 1712, who, in 1732, man-ied David Northey, of Salem ;
I Joseph, b. 1715, who inherited his father's lands, and married Eunice
lacker ; Elizabeth, who in 1729, man-ied Benjamin Hood.
(4) Joseph Bassett, son of (3)William, had childi-en, William, born 1738,
who died young ; ||Isaac, b. 1741, who, in 1769, man-ied Mary, daughter
of Joshua Collins, was a farmer and shoemaker, and inherited one half
of the lands of his father, and died in 1829 ; Neheraiah, b. 1749, who
married Abigail Fei-n ; Rebecca, b. 1754, who married James Breed ; Sa
rah, b. 1757, who raarried Abraham Breed ; Eunice, b. 1759 ; Hannah, b.
1763, who raarried William Breed, of Nahant.
(5) Isaac Bassett, son of (4) Joseph, had children, Elizabeth; William,
who died young ; Eunice ; William, again, who also died young ; ||Isaac,
who married Ruth Breed ; Eunice, again, who man-ied Ezra Collins ; Han
nah, who married Samuel Neal.
(•6) Isaac Bassett, son of (5)Jsaac, who is now (1863) at the mature age
of 83, residing jn Nahant street, on the site occupied by his forefathers,
has .long held position as a citizen of energy, entei-prise, and wealth. His
son William is cashier of Lynn Mechanics Bank. And WilUam's son
WiUiam is cashier of the Bank ofthe Republic, at Boston.]
Robert Bridges — was admitted a freeman, 2 June, 1641. In
the same year he was a member of the Ancient Artillery Com
pany and a captain in the militia. He had a large share in the
Iron Works. In 1644, he was chosen representative, and ap
pointed a member of the Quarterly Court at Salem. In 1646,
he was Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the next
year became an Assistant, in which office he continued until his
death, in 1656.
William Clark — a farmer, died 5 March, 1683. His chil
dren were Hannah, John, Lydia, Sarah, Mary, and Elizabeth.
His descendants remain.
John Diven — died 4 Oct. 1684. He had a son John.
Thomas Farrar — was a farmer, and lived' in Nahant street.
He died 23 Feb. 1694. His wife Elizabeth, died 8 Jan. 1680.
[And he married his second wife, Abigail CoUins, 3 March, 1681.]
He had one son, Thomas, who married Elizabeth Hood, 6 Dec.
1682, and had four daughters; Hannah, Sarah, Susanna, and
Elizabeth, [He also tad Peleg, and Mehitabel, twins, born 6
Oct, 1660, who died young, Susanna married Joseph Newhall,
son of the Thomas who was the first white child born in Lynn,
p*

186 ANNALS OP LYNN — 1640.
This Joseph settled in Lynnfield, and had eleven > chUdren ;
among them Samuel, who was adopted by his uncle Thomas
Farrar, who was a farmer and lived on Nahant street, Thomas
Farrar, the elder, was famiUarly caUed " .old Pharaoh," and was
one of those accused of witchcraft, in 1692.]
John Fuller — came from England, with his brother Samuel,
in 1630, and when they arrived in Boston, "only seven huts
were erected." After residing there several years, Samuel
went to Scituate, and John, in 1644, came to Lynn, "and settled
at the western end of WaterhiU stree|;. He was chosen repre
sentative in 1655, and clerk of the writs, in 1662. He died 29
June, 1666. The name of his wife was Elizabeth, and he had
.five children — Lieut. John Fuller, who married Elizabeth Far
rington, and died 24 AprU, 1695 ; WUliam ; Susanna ; Elizabeth ;
James. Several of his descendants have borne respectable offi
ces, and some of them remain.
John Gillow — died in 1673, The name of his wife was
Rose, He had two sons, Benjamin and Thomas,
Zaccheus Gould — owned, at one time, the mills on Saugus
river. He had a son Daniel,
Nathaniel. Hathorne — had two children; Ebenezer, who
married Esther Witt, 26 Dec. 1683, and Nathaniel.
Richard Haven — was a farmer, and lived near the Flax
pond. [He was "40 odd" years old in 1666.] His wife Su
sanna, [a daughter of Thomas NewhaU, senior,] died 7 Feb. 1682.
His children were Hannah, born 1645 ; Mary; Joseph; Richard;
Susanna; Sarah; John; Martha; Samuel; Jonathan; Nathan
iel ; Moses. Several of his sons were among the first settlers
of Framingham. [A great family gathering of the descendants
of this Lynn settler was had in Framingham, a number of years
since, at which some fifteen hundred^ were present. Many emi
nent persons appear in the famUy line. E. 0. Haven, LL. D.
president of the Michigan State University, recently informed
me that he is a lineal descendant.]
Joseph Hollowat — died 29 November, 1693. He had a'
son Joseph, whose wife's name was Mary, and who had four
children — Mary, born 16 AprU, 1675; Samuel, b. 2 Nov. 1677;
Edward, b. 1 Feb. 1683 ; John, b. 11 Oct. 1686. His descend
ants remain, and spell their name HaUowell.
Richard Hood — came from Lynn, in England. He lived in
Nahant street, and died 12 Sept, 1695. He had three sons;
Richard, born 1670; Joseph, b. 8 July, 1674; Benjamin, b. 3
Jan. 1677, His descendants remain. In those early days a
young man, who was inclined to indulge in the laudable custom
of courting, went to visit a young lady of this family named
Agnes. As he was returning, late one evening, he was over
heard saying to himself —" Well, so far proceeded towards

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1640. 187
courting Agnes." This phrase became common, and bas been
introduced into an English comedy.
Robert Howard — had a son Edward, whose wife was named
Martha, and who had two chUdren; Amos, born 16 AprU, 1696;
Jane, b. 4 March, 1699,' His descendants remain.
Edward Ireson — died 4 Dec. 1675. His son Benjamin mar
ried Mary Leach, 1 Aug. 1680, and had a son Edward, born 9
AprU, 1681.
Thomas Ketser — was mate of a vessel which sailed from Bos
ton, Governor Winthrop tells a story of one of his men, who
was whipped for stealing a gold ring, and some other articles
from him at Portsmouth, [He sailed for Guinea, to traffic in
slaves. And James Smith, a church member, of Boston, joined
with him.]
Andrew Mansfield — came from. Exeter, in England, to Bos
ton, in 1636. He came to Lynn, in 1640. He was a farmer,
and lived in Boston street. The neighborhood in which he
lived was called Mansfield's End. He was town clerk in 1660,
and died in 1692, aged 94, He had a son Andrew, who was
representative in 1680, and who married Elizabeth Conant, 10
Jan, 1681. His descendants remain.
John Mansfield — was a tailor. He was a freeman, 1643 ;
died in 1671, aged 52.
Lady Deborah Moodt — came to Lynn, in 1640, Five years
before, she went from one of the remote counties in England, to
London, where she remained in opposition to a statute, which
enjoined that no person should reside, beyond a Umited time,
from their own homes. On the 21st of April, the court of the
star-chamber ordered, that "Dame Deborah Moodie, and the
others, should, return to their hereditaments in forty days, in
the goo.d example necessary to tbe poorer class," On the 5th
of April, 1640, soon after her arrival at Lynn, she united with
the church at Salem. On the 13th of May, tbe General Court
granted her 400 acres of land, [" where it may not hinder a plan
tation nor any former grant."] In 1641, she purchased Mr. John
Humfrey's farm, " called Swampscot," for which she paid £1.100.
Lechford, in 1641, says, "Lady Moody lives at Lynn, but is of
Salem church. She is, good lady, almost undone, by buying
Master Humpbrie's farm, Swampscot," [Seep. 201.] Afterward
she became imbued with the erroneous idea that the baptism of
infants was a sinful ordinance ; for which, and other opinions,
she was excommunicated. In 1643^ she removed to Long Island,
Governor Winthrop says, " the Lady Moodye, a wise, and an
ciently reUgious woman, being taken with the error of denying
baptism to infants, was dealt with by many of the elders and
others, and admonished by the church of Salem, whereof she
was a member; but persisting stUl, and to avoid further trouble,

188 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1640.
sbe removed to the Dutch, against the advice of all her friends.
After ber arrival at Long Island, she experienced much trouble
from the Indians, her house being assaulted by tbem many
times Her wealth enabled her to render assistance to Gov.
Stuyvesant, of New York, in some difficulties which he encoun
tered in 1654 ; and so great was her influence with him, that he
conceded the nomination of the magistrates that year to hen
She was of a noble family, and had a son, Sir Henry Moody.
With tbe exception of her tioubling the church with her reli
gious opinions, she appears to have been a lady of great worth.
[But was it not rather that the church troubled her and itself
about ber religious opinions ?
[Edmund Needham. — came in 1639, He was one of the
Long Island grantees, but does not appear to have gone with
tbe settiers. He died at Lynn, in 1677, For something relating
to his descendants, see notices of Daniel and Ezekiel Needham,.
under date 1650. HiswiUmaybe found in the Salem Court
files. It is a quaint and curious document. He was a man of
property, and one evidently occupying no mean position in his
own estimation. Several matters appear in the will which
would be more appropriate in some other form of writing, and
throughout, his piety is more conspicuous than his modesty.
He was connected with the Harts and the Mansfields, and did
not forget them in the distribution of his effects. He had sons
Daniel and Ezekiel, and several daughters, by whom he became
connected as above and likewise with the Armitages. Some
passages from the will are here given — enough to illustrate
certain habits of thought and pecuUarities of the testator, to
give an idea of the amount and character of a very fair estate
for that time, and to show something of his family connections.
The will and Last Testament of Edmund Needham of Lyn in Nu England,
being, blessed be God, in his perfect knowledge, memory, and understanding,
tho otherwise ill in Body, mak y" writin by min on [mine own] hand and ac
cording to mm on mmd to my childi-en and grandchildi-en as follows, and
First, I humbly Desire my only true God, maker and creator of heaven,
yo earth, the sea, and all that is therein, (01/°' Exodus 20, 11 ; Psalms 95, 3, 4,
5, and 146, 5, 6; Jonah 1, 9,^^ ) and me his most poor and unworthy crea-
tm-e amungst ye Rest and to resone my poor and unworthy soull of his moor
pm- and only free Grace and love for yo sake of his only and well beloved son
Jesus Christ sake alone, excluding all things of min on carnall or con-upte
natur in or of myself, in any natur or means in all or in pai-t to my Justifica
tion but to Jesus Christ alon, my only and alon mediator, advocat and inter
cessor at yo throne of grase and alon propisiation for all my sinnes. 1st
John 2, 2.
Next, I desiar and impower my son Ezekiel Needham, my true and la-wfiill
executor to this my last will and Testiment, to se my body desently and Chris-
tianly hurried as near my old wife, being his own mother, as may be.
Next, I give to my son Daniell Needham 
Next, I give to my sun Ezeklell Needham 
Next, I give to my dafter, Haiihah Dinen, and her two children, ....

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1640. 189
Next, I give unto my son-in-Lawe Samuell Harts children, ....
Next, I give to my son-in-law Joseph Mansfields children, ....
And fui-ther this I ad as a codasell or breefe inventoi-y to this my last will
and testament, that my sun Ezekiell Needham, my LawfuU Executor, shall
not be put to any oath or oathes at any court or any manner or intent what
soever ; therefor I have set this according to min own valuation of my boll
estate, and if this will not save hira frora any oath in court he shall safly swer
that yt is all my hoU estate, I havuig firmly given him as his own propar estate
as if it had never bin min, so soon as ever y* breat is out of ray body, and I
quite dead, all ye rest ; I well knowing y* he canot give any just othat w^h out
wronging his consience, as I only know how my estate lieth and this min on
valuation or inventory as following : First, all ray housing, barn and outhousing,
and all my lands, w'h all the range of ston wall fensing, £400 0 Od ; two boll
peses of bales one red and ye other of ye collar of a chesnut on or to [one or
two] and forty yards apease at ye lest, £12 00 00 ; on boll peese of red penis-
ton on or to and fortie yards long at ye lest, £6 00 ; 3 parsells of Canvis now
about on hundred yards, and other pai-sells of linin cloth and Calico, £10 00 00 ;
my silver watch and silver box and other silver cupes and spoones and otliar
plate, £15 00 00 ; My clock y* striks, and another wach and larura that dus
not strik £5 00 OOd ; sura putar, sum old and sum new, £2 00 OOd ; sum par-
sells of Carsies and sum parsells of serges, and my wearmg clothes, £26 00 OOd ;
sum pots and ketties and to-amels and clothes and bedsteed, £7 00 00 ; beds and
beding, £7 00 00 ; Debts in old England in suffisient Bonds and most in Abell
Mores hands as the company of ye mai-chant adventurers and another like it
as a great rith citizen, fit fbr an Alderman of London, tho tbey do what they
can to deseve us, y' is to say, my brothers and sisters to whom they o us about
three thousand pounds, £600.
£ 8. d.
400 0 0 ,
12 0 0
06 0 0
10 0 0
15 0 0
5 0 0
2 0 0
26 0 0
7 0 0
7 0 0
600
1090
and one horse jr* was forgot, £ 3
and 4 cows and two young bullock, forgot allso, £17 /
and 20 sheepe, forgot allso, £ 7
to be added to this inventory, £27
to all with this addition is  £1117
This addition was made before it was signed or sealed or confirmed by the
vritnesses. [The above certainly indicates that Mn Needham occupied a
very respectable position. And the chirography shows that he
was by no means unskilled in the use of the pen. There are
some interlineations, and the will closes thus : " all thes inter
lines were dun by me before it was signed or sealed, aiird y' this
is the last wUl and testament of me, Edmond Needham, in Un, the
Lin in New England."]

190 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1640.
Robert Rand — was a farmer, at Woodend. He died 8 Nov.
1694. His wife Elizabeth, died 29 Aug. 1693. His chUdren
were Robert, Zachary, Elizabeth, and Mary, and his descendants
remain. Henrt Rhodes — was a farmer, and lived on the western side
of Saugus riven He was born in 1608, and had three sons.,
Jonathan, who died 7 AprU, 1677 ; Henry ; Josiah. Their de-.
scendants remain.
John Tarbox — had two sons; John; and Samuel, who mar
ried Rebecca Armitage, 14 Nov. 1665, and had eighteen chUdren.
Samuel died 12 Sept. 1715, aged 93. His descendants remain.
[In his wiU, dated 25 Nov. 1673, he says, "I bequeath unto
every one of my sonn John Tarbox his children and my son
Samuel's chUdren, one ewe sheep a peece." See under date
1649, for what befel his daughten See also under date 1674.]
Shubael Walker, (Capt.) — was buried 24 Jan. 1689. He
lived at the Swampscot farms.
Thomas Welman — died in 1672. His children were AbigaU,
Isaac, Elizabeth, Sarah, and Mary.
John Witt — died in December, 1675. His children were
Ann, Elizabeth, Sarah, Mary, Martha, John, who married Eliza^
beth Baker, 14 Jan. 1676, and Thomas who married Bethia
Potter, 26 Feb. 1675.' [John was great-grandfather of Thomas
Witt, now living on North Common street, at the ripe age of
86 — a gentleman of more than ordinary intelligence and con
stitutional vigor, and one who can number a large and respecta
ble circle of descendants. He was a son of Benjamin Witt, who
was born in 1739 — wbich Benjamin was a son of Thoraas, born
in 1696 — which Thomas was a son of the before-named John,
who married Elizabeth Baker. Some of the family, in other
places, write the name DeWitt, as was tbe case with a late
secretary of the commonwealtii ; and tbey adopt that orthog
raphy, it is understood, on the supposition that they are de
scended from the DeWitts of Holland, or from a Huguenot.]
Obher inhabitants were: Andrew Allen, Theophilus Baylet,
who died in 1694, Hugh Churchman, who died in 1644, John
Cole, Wentworth Daniels, Daniel Fairfield, John Farring
ton, Henry Fitch, Thomas Gaines, Tobias Haskell, Joseph
Howe, James Hubbard, William Hubbard, William Knight,
Michael Lambard, Robert Mansfield, Thomas Mansfield, Mi
chael Milner, who went to Long Island in 1640, Richard
Mower, Abraham Ottley, Adam Ottley, Edward Paine, Quen-
TiN Prat, Richard Pray, Thomas Purchis, [spoken of under date
1678,] Thomas Putnam, Hugh Stacey, John Stacey, George
Taylor; William Taylor, John Tilton, William Tilton, DaN:
lEL Trumbull, Nathaniel Tyler, William Wells, Jonathan
Witt,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1640, 191
[Something may be added regarding a few of the indiyiduals
named in this list. Those under notice will be distinguished
by italics.
[Andrew Allen — married Faith, a daughter of Edmund In
galls, He removed to Andover, and there died, in 1690. There
was also a George Allen here, who came in 1636, and soon aften
removed to Sandwich. His bouse, built in 1646, Savage re
marks, (1860), is said to be still in good repair, and occupied.
[Hugh Cliurchman. Of this individual little is known. He
was, no doubt, the same person alluded to in tbe presentation
to the Salem Court, 27 May, 1643 : " Wee present oulde Church
man for liveing 7 or 8 yeares without his wife ; and for baveing
the wife of Hugh Burt locked with him alone in his house. Wit
ness, Joseph fflood',Jarrard Spenser," Andagain: "Ould Church
man for living 7 or 8 yeares without his wyff, unless he bring
unto M"" Endecot, our dep'y Gov'' a certificat f^ M"" Dumer, y' he
hath used meanes for bis wyfs comeing, and then he is discharg
ed." Churchman left a will, which was probated in 1644. Hugh
Burt and Robert Driver were appraisers. The amount of his
estate was £24.9.11.
[Daniel Fairfield, was the abandoned fellow, who, with Jen
kin Davis and John Hudson, so abused the little. daughters of
Mr. Humfrey. He was sentenced to a severe, though well-
merited punishment. He was ordered, on the fourteenth of
June, 1642, to be whipped, have his nostrils slit and seared, and
be " confined to Boston neck, so as if hee bee found at any
time dureing his life to go out of Boston neck, that is, beyond
the rayles towards Roxberry, or beyoiid the low Water marke
hee shalbee put to death upon due conviction thereof; and hee
is also to weare a hempen roape about his neck, the end of it
hanging out two foote at least, and so often as he shalbee found
abroad w*out it, bee shalbee whiped . . . and hee is to pay
M"^ Humfrey forty pounds." A year or two after, however, he
was "alowed to go to work w^in any part of Boston lymits,
both in the ilands and elsewhere, and also at Roxberry, so as
hee go not above five riiiles from Boston meeting house." And
by the Court, 2 May, 1649, on the petition of Elizabeth, his wife,
leave was granted for " ber husband, shee and their chUdren,
to depart out of this iurisdiction unto such other parts of the
world as it shall please God to dispose ; pvided that her husband
shall be under his former censure if hee returne hith' againe."
But they do not appear to have availed themselves of this lib
erty to depart ; or if they did, they must have soon returned,
for on 27 May, 1652, the Court, on another petition of the wife,
give him leave to "lay the rope aside." FinaUy, 14 Oct. 1656,
tbe Court granted him liberty " to goe in one of theire shipps,
to England, as he desires." He had lived in Lynn but a short

192 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1640.
time, when he committed the aborninable olienee. See Colony
Records, vol. ii. ; also notice of Jenkin Davis, under date 1635.
The John Hudson alluded to as a partner in guilt with Fairfield
and Davis, is mentioned by Winthrop as an unworthy servant
of Mr. Humfrey. '
[Nathaniel Tyler, does not seem to have remained in Lynn
many years after this date. By a record on page 20 of the first
book of the Essex Registry, it appears that he and his wife Jane
sold "unto PhUip Kirtland, shoemaker," all their "lands and
houses, with their appurtenances, in Lynn," by deed dated 1
Oct., 1652, And on the 16th of the same month, he made a
will, dated at Boston, being then about to embark on board the
ship New England Merphant, " and because our lives are ficle
and mortall, and dangers at sea are many." In this wUl he men
tions his wife Jane, his son Joseph, and his sister Jane Sanford,
wife of Edward Sanford, living in London.
[William Wells is thought to be the person who was " enjoyn
ed in 10?." by the Court, 7 Sept., 1641, to answer "for oppres
sion." But littie concerning him can be gathered. He seems
to have been oue of the Long Island settlers,
[Jonathan Witt, may have been ofthe family of John Witt who
was under notice a few paragraphs back, and the one who mar
ried Mary Dinan, ^ March, 1663. He had one chUd, Esther,
born 5 Feb., 1665. ; And he died during the latter yean Oliver
Purchis was one of the appraisers of his estate, which was
small.] In the short space of ten years from its settlement, we have
seen six other towns deriving their origin from Lj'un ; yet the
place continued to abound with inhabitants, and this year beheld
the commencement of the seventh. About forty famiUes, "find
ing themselves straightened," left the town with the design of
settiing a new plantation. They invited Mn Abraham Pierson,
of Boston, to become their minister, who, with seven ofthe emi
grants, entered into a church covenant, before they left Lynn,
[Hugh Peters was present at the formation of the church,]
They sailed in a vessel commanded by Capt, Daniel Howe, to
Scout's Bay, in the western part of Long Island, where tiiey
purchased land of Mr. James Forrett, agent of Lord Stiriing, and
agreed with the Indians for their right. On receiving informa
tion of this, the Dutch laid claim to that part of the island, on
account of a previous purchase of the Indians, and sent men to
take possession, who set up the arms of the Prince of Orange
on a tree. The Lynn people, disregarding the claims of the
Dutch, cut down the trees and began to buUd. Capt. Howe
likewise took down the Prince's arms, and instead thereof an
Indian drew a very " undhandsome face." This conduct highly
incensed the Dutch governor, WiUiam Kieft, whom Mn Irving

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1640, 193
in one of his humorous works, h^s characterized by the appeUa-
tiou of " WiUiam the Testy," but whom Mr. Hubbard denomi
nates " a discreet man," who, on the 13th of May, sent Cornelius
Van Ten Hoven, the secretary, the under-sheriff, a sergeant, and
twenty-five soldiers, to break up the settlement. They found
eight men, with a woman and an infant, who had erected one
cottage, and were engaged in buUding another, Tbey took six
of the men, whose names were John Farrington, WUliam Har
cher, Philip Kertland, Nathaniel Kertland, Job Sayre, and George
WeUs, and brought them before the governor. These he exam
ined on oath, and then put them in prison, where they remained
while he wrote a Latin letter to the governor of Massachusetts.
To tbis Mr, Winthrop replied, in the same language, that he
would neither maintain the Lynn people in an unjust action, nor
suffer them to be injured. On the reception of .this reply, tbe
Dutch governor liberated the men, after they had signed an
agreement to leave the place. They accordingly removed more
than eighty miles, to the eastern part of the island, wbere they
.purchased land of the Indians, and planted a town, Avhich, in
remembrance of the place from which they sailed, in England,
theiy called Southampton,
[It was evidently expected, from the character of many of
those engaged in the Long Island enterprise, and from their
stipulations, that the settlement should be one of importance,
and not an inconsiderable and straitened little community. The
agreement with Captain Howe required that the vessel should
be " reddy at tbe Towne of Lynne to transport such goods as
the aforesaid undertakers shall appoint ; that is to say, three
tymes in the yeare," . And they furthermore " thought good to
express the tymes, viz : the first moneth, the fourth moneth, and
the eighth imoneth " — March, June, and October, A few of the
general stipulations will be here given, for the purpose of illus
trating their ideas of the formation and government of a new
plantation. From some of the points, it might be imagined
that they fancied themselves founding an independent common
wealth, "Furthermore, because delaying to lay out the bounds of townes and ^11
such lande within"the said bounds, hath bene generally the ruin of Townes in
this Country, therefore wee, the said undertakers, have thought goode lo take
upon us the dispose of all landes within our said boundes soe that that which
wee lay out for a house lott shall at all tyme's from tyme to tyme hereafter
continue to be a house lott, and but one dwellinge house shall be builded upon
it ; and those lottes that we lay out for planteiug lotts shall not at any tyme nor
tymes hereafter be made house lotts, whereby more inhabitants might be
receaved into our Plantacon to the over chargeing of coramons and the im
poverishinge of the towne ; and that alsoe what is layd out for comraon ; and
noe man shall p'sume to incroach upon it, not soe much as a hands breadth.
Whatsoever Wee lay out for fai-mes, shall remain so after tyme ; and y" dispose
of all such landes so laved out shall alsoe be at all tymes and from tyme to
Q 13

194 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1640.
tyme according to the will and pleasure of us, the said undei-takers, our exec
utors, administi-ators, and assigns, namely," — at this point the manuscript
record is so injured as to render some words illegible ; but the substance is,
that whoever disposes of his estate, shall not subdivide it, but shall sell "house
lott and plantinge lott or lotts, and meddow, intirely, and if hee sell his farme
hee shall not divide it, but sell it together, viz : his flfarm intirely and his ac
commodations in y<= towne, intirely. Moreover, whosoever cometh in by us
hould himself sattisfyed with foure achores to an house lott, and twelve achores
to a plantinge lott, and so much meddow and upland as may make his accom- '
modation fifty achors, except wee, the said imdertakers, shall see cause to
inlarge that proportion- by a farme or otherwise. Fmthermore, noe person
whatsoever shall challenge or claime any proper interest in seas, rivers, creeks,
or brookes, howsoever boundinge or passinge through his grounde ; but ffi-ee-
dome of fishinge, fowlinge, and navigation, shall be common to ali within the
bankes ofthe said waters, whatsoever."
[Tbe requirements, generally, were rigid, and strongly ex
pressed. But they closed in the following pious and liberal
strain : _
" Lastly, wee, the said undertakers, testify by these presents in our admit-
tinge of inhabitants to our intended Plantacon that wee, without any kiadof
reseivation leave euei-y man ffi-ee to choose and determine all causes and con-
ti-overseys arbitrary among themselves, and that whensoever it shall please the
Lord, and he shall see it good to adde to us such men as shall bee fitt matter
for a chm-ch, that then wee will, in that time, lay ourselves doune before y»
constitutes thereof either to bee or not to be receaved as members thereofi
according as they shall discerne the work of God to be in our hearts."
[Tbe articles were signed by John Cooper, Edward Howell,
Edmund Needham, Josiah Stanbury, Henry Walton, Allen Breed,
William Harcher, Thomas Newhall, John Farrington, Richard
Yatt, Edmund Farrington, Thomas Sayre, Daniel Howe, Job
Sayre, George Webb, Thomas Halsye, Philip Kertland, Nathan
iel Kertland, Thomas Padington, Thomas Terry. Almost every
one of these names is familiar to those who are versed in the early
history of Lynn. Two or three signed by their marks ; but
from their names being signed in fuU in other places, it seems
probable that they made their marks on this solemn occasion,
because they deemed them more dignified or ornamental. There
is a supplementary declaration which contains one or two mat
ters that may facilitate an understanding of the spirit which
moved in the enterprise :
" Know all men whome these presents may consem yt whereas it is ex
pressed in our Ai-ticles that the power of disposmge of lands and admission
of Inhabitants into our Plantacon shall at all tymes remaine in the hands of us
the said undertakers, to us and our heirs, forever, our true intent and meane-
inge is, that when om- plantation is laid out by those appointed accordino- to
our Articles, and that there shall be a church gathered and constituted accord
inge ito the minde of Christ, that then wee doe ffreely lay down our power,
both in ordermge and disposeinge of the plantacon and receaving of Inhabit
ants, or any other things that may tende to the goode and welfare of ye place,
at the flfeete of Christ and his church — provided that they shaU not doe any
thing contrary to the true meaneinge ofthe flTormer articles."

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1640, 195
[The probable meaning of this is not weU expressed. It
seems to say that Christ and his church may manage the affairs
of the colony provided they do so according to " the fformer
articles." But tbe intent doubtless was simply to confirm that
sort of union of church and state which existed in Massachusetts,
[Mn Lewis's brief aUusion to the perils which surrounded
the first of the Long Island settlers, is perhaps sufficient for
the purpose. And one or two items, giving glimpses of their
situation, are all that heed be added. The Court — as it was
called, though in reality but a general town meeting — ordered,
29 Oct., 1645, that the inhabitants should be relieved from the
practice of taking their arms to the meeting-house on the Lord's
day, from the first of November to tb^ first of March ensuing.
And on 25 January, 1655, it was ordered that no one should
sell strong liquors within the bounds of tbe town, excepting
" our neighbor John Cooper ; " and he was not to sell to any
Indian, nor to auy but those who would use them properly. And
he- was prohibited from seUing more than three ankers — about
a hundred gallons — a year; a third part being for the people
of the North Sea, so called, a small settlement three miles from
tbe vUlage of Southampton, It wUl be well for the reader to
•litear in mind that some of the Lynn men who joined in the
Long Island enterprise did not remove there, and some who
did, returned in a short time, (See an article communicated by
G. R. Howell, of Southampton, — and probably a descendant from
Edward Howell, who was among the first who went from Lynn —
in N, E, Historical and Genealogical Register, 1861,)
[The Rev. Abraham Pierson, who went with the Long Island
colony, as their minister, and who was a man of excellent edu
cation, and unstained character, I had not supposed was ever a
resident of Lynn, And Mn-Lewis states that he was of Boston ;
yet Savage gives hira a son Abraham, born at Lynn, who grad
uated at Harvard, in 1668. Mr, Pierson left Long Island, about
1647, and went to Branford, Ct., it having become necessary to
divide the church, and his removal being approved by a councU,
Twenty years after the last date we find him at Newark, N, J.,
His son Abraham was settled as bis colleague, at Newark, in
1672. In 1692, the son went to Connecticut, and in 1701 was
made the first president of Yale CoUege, in which office he
remained tiU his death, in 1707. The Southampton church was,
of course, constituted according to tbe Congregational order ;
but it became Presbyterian. In 1716, the Presbytery of Long
Island was set off from the Philadelphia Presbytery, and organ
ized at Southampton, 17 April, 1717, being the first Presbytery
in the state of New York. It was in 1640 that the Southampton
settlers erected their first church edifice ; the second was built
in 1651, and the third in 1707. The last one is stiU standing.

196 ANNALS OP LYNN — 1640.
A fourth, however, was erected in 1843. The colony placed
themselves under the jurisdiction of Hartford, in 1644, but con
tinued very much in the way of a pure democracy. " The gov
ernment of tbe town was vested in the people. They assembled
at their town meetings, had all power and all authority. They
elected town officers, constituted courts, aUotted lands, made
laws, tried difficult and important cases, and from their decision
there was no appeal. The Town Meeting, or General Court, as
it was sometimes caUed, met once a month. Every freeholder
was required to be present at its meetings and take a part in
the burdens of government. AU delinquents were fined for
non-attendance at each meeting."]
Dn P.-S. Townsend, 9£ New York, says tbe people of Lynn
also settied five other towns on Long Island ; Flushing, Graves
end, Jamaica, Hempstead, and Oyster Bay.
At tbe Court, on the 13th of May, WUUam Hathorne, Samuel
Symonds, and Timothy Tomlins, were appointed to lay out " tbe
nearest, cheapest, safest, and most convenient way," between
Lynn and Winnisimet ferry.
Lynn VUlage, now South Reading, was ordered to be exempt
ed from taxes, for two years, as soon as seven houses should be
built, and seven families settled. • «
WiUiam Hathorne and Timothy Tomlins, having been ap
pointed to lay out the bounds of the town ofLynn, made report,
on the 4th of June, that they had fixed the bounds at Charles
town line, Reading pond, Ipswich river, and Salem,
[It appears by tbe Suffolk Records, that Thomas Dexter thia
year mortgaged lands in Lynn, to Humfrey Hooke, an alderman
ofthe city' of Bristol, and others,
[At the September Court, Salem, an action for defamation,
Timothy Tomlins, of Lynn, against John Pickering was tried,
and the jury found " that y° said John Pickering shall not only
pay fforty shiUings damage and ffower shillings coste, but y* in
some publik meeting at Lynn, before next Courte, the said Jno,
Pickering shall publiklie acknowledge the wronge done y* s*
Tomlins, or else shall pay and make his fforty shiUings Tenn
pounds," ,
[A good many goats were kept in this vicinity in the early
days of the colony. Josselyn says they were " the first small
cattie they had in the countrey ; he was counted no body, that
had not a trip or fiock of goats,"]
The Court ordered tbat grain should be received as a lawful
payment for debts ; Indian corn at 5s., rye at 6s, 8d,, and wheat
at 7s, a bushel. The price of a cow was £5.
Richard Sadler was appointed clerk of the writs,
Mn Humfrey's barn,' Nahant street, with aU bis corn and hay,
to the value of one hundred and sixty pounds, was burned by

ANNALS OF LTNN — 1641. 197
t
the carelessness of his servant, Henry Stevens, in setting fire
to some gunpowder. At the Court of Assistants, on the first
of November, " Henry Stevens, for firing the barn of his master,
Mr. John Humfrey, he was ordered to be servant to Mr. Hum
frey, for 21 years from this day, towards recompensing him,"
The Court afterward allowed Mr, Humfrey for his loss and his
good services, £250.
There was one woman in the town, at this time, who contended
that all things ought to be common, as at one .time among the
early Christians ; but she found it difficult to persuade the peo-
.,ple that sbe had as good a right to their property as themselves.
She went "from house to house," helping herself to such little
accommodations as sbe wished, till her demands became so ex
travagant, that she was brought before the Quarterly Court, at
Salem. On the 29tb of September, the following record was
made. " Mary Bowdwell, of Lyn, for her exorbitancy, not work
ing, but liveing idly, and stealing, and taking away other victuals,
pretending communitie of all things : The court sentence that
she shall be whipped ; but throwe their clemency she was only
admonished, and respited till next courte,"
[It. was this year voted that Lynn meeting-house be permitted
to be used for a watch-house.]
This year a new version of the Psalms was made for public
worship. It was an octavo volume o_f 400 pages, and was the
first book printed in America. The following is a specimen
of the poetry, from Psalm 44.
Our eares have beard our fathers tell
and reverently record
The wondrous workes that thou hast done
m olden time, O Lord.*
How thou didst cast the Gentiles out
and stroid them with strong hand ;
Planting Our fathers in their place
and gavest to them their land.
They conquered not by sword nor strength,
the land of thy behest,
But by thy hand, thy arm, thy grace,
because thou louedst them best."
1641.
Lord Say, having an intention of forming a plantation at New
Providence, one of the Bahama Islands, had engaged Mr, Hum
frey in the design, with the promise of making him governor
of the new colony. Some of the Lynn people had dcitermined
to accompany him > but the intention was frustrated by the
Island falling, for a time, under the government of Spain.
Mr. John Humfrey was a native of Dorchester, in Dorsetshire,
England, a lawyer, and a man of considerable wealth and good
Q*

198 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1641.
reputation. He married Susan, the second daughter of Thomas,
Earl of Lincoln, and sister of Frances, the wife of Mn John
Gorges, and of Arabella, the wife of Mn Isaac Johnson, He
was one of the most influential in promoting the settlement of
the colony, and the people of Massachusetts will ever regard
him as one of their eariiest and most efficient benefactors. He
was one of the original patentees of the colony, and the treas
urer of the company at Plymouth, in England ; and by his
exertions many* donations were obtained, and many persons,
among whom were some of the ministers, were induced to emi
grate. He was chosen Deputy Governor in 1630, and Assistant
in 1632, both before his arrival; and such was the respect in
which he was held, that when the formulary for tbe constituting
of freemen was in debate, an exception was made in favpr of
" the old planters and Mr. Humfrey." He arrived at Lynn, in
1634, received several liberal grants from the Court, and fixed
his residence at his farm. In discharging the duties of an
Assistant in the general government, he devoted his time and
energies for seven years to the service of the state, and seeins
not to have been surpassed in devotedness to her welfare. He
became a member of the Artillery Company, in 1640 ; and in
June, 1.641, was appointed to the command of all the militia in
the county, with the title of Sergeant Major General, But with
all his honors and possessions, a shade of dissatisfaction had
spread itself over his prospects, which his numerous misfortunes
contributed to darken. The disappointment ofthe Bahamas must
have been severely felt by a mind so ambitious of honor as his
appears to have been ; and it is not improbable that he experi
enced a secret chagrin at seeing the young and uninformed
Henry Vane promoted to the office of governor, above one
whose years, knowledge, and services, entitled him to prece
dence. [Vane was young, but could he have been called unin
formed?] It is probable, Ukewise, that his affection for his
wife, whose hopes were in the land of her nativity, had some
influence in determining his conduct. Living so far removed
from the elegant circles in which she had delighted, and having
lost the sister who might have been the companion of ber soli
tude, tiie Lady Susan was weary of the privations of the wilder
ness, the howUng of the wUd beasts, and the^ uncouth manners
of the savages, and had become lonely, disconsolate, and home
sick.' She who had been the deUght of her father's house, and
had glittered in aU the pride of youth and beauty, in the court
of the first monarch in Europe, was now solitary and sad, sepa-
rated by a wide ocean from her father's* home. The future
greatness of America, which was then uncertain and ideal, pre
sented no inducement to her mind to counterbalance the losses
which were first to be endured ; and the cold and barren wilder-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1641. 199
ness she dwelt in, populated by its few lonely cottages, round
which the Indians were roaming by day, and the wolves making
their nightly excursions, had nothing lovely to offer to soothe
her sorrows or elevate her hopes. What the misfortunes and
disappointments of Mr. Humfrey had begun, her importunities
completed. He sold the principal part of his farm to Lady
Moody, and returned to England with his wife, on the 26th
of October, They were much censured for leaving their chil
dren, but their intention of visiting the Bahamas, and the ap-
: preaching inclemency of the season, rendered it imprudent to.
take them, and they undoubtedly intended to return or send
for tbem. That Mr, Humfrey possessed deep sympathies, his
letters- ..sufficiently evince ; and it would be extremely undiari-
table to suppose that the Lady Susan was without the endow
ments of maternal love, A woman of high feelings and keen
sensibilities, the daughter of an English Earl, and according to
Mr, Mather's own account, of " tbe best family of any nobleman
then in England '' — it cannot be supposed tbat sbe was desti
tute of those affections which form the characteristic charm of
her sex. The emotions of the heart are not always regulated
by rule, and disappointment sometimes makes sad havoc with
the best feelings of our nature.
'T is thus with the dreams ofthe high heaving heart,
The come but to blaze, and they blaze to depart ;
Then- gossamer wings are too thin to abide
The chilling of soitow, the burning of pride ;
They come but to brush o'er its young gallant swell.
Like bright bu-ds over ocean, but never to dwell. John Neal.
[It is true, as Mr, Lewis remarks, that " disappointment some
times makes sad havoc with the best feelings of our nature.'''
Yet there are many who possess that invincible resignation, the
offspring of a true and lively faith, which enables them to meet
disappointment and disaster with a heroism that saves from all
such sorrowful results. And the sympathies and affections of
the heart are not confined to any class. The " daughter of an
English Earl," may not be, as to them, more liberally endowed
than the daughter in the lowly cot. What a terrible example
to the point do we find revealed in Johnson's Life of Savage.]
The misfortunes which afterward befeU some of the children,
inflicted a wound on the heart of the affectionate father, from
which he never recovered. In a letter to Governor Winthrop,
dated 4th September, 1646, he says: "It is true the want of
that lost occasion, the loss of all I had in the world, doth, upon
rubbings of that irreparable blow, sometimes a little trouble me ;
but in no respect equal to this, that I see my hopes and possi-
bUities of ever enjoying those I did or was wUling to suffer any

200 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1641. /
thing for, utterly taken away. But by what intermediate hand
soever this has ^befallen me, whose neglects and unkindness
God I hope wiU mind them for their good, yet I desire to look
at his hand for good I doubt not to me, though I do not so fully
see which way it may work,. Sir, I thank you, again and again,
and that in sincerity, for any fruits of your goodness to me. and
mine ; and for any thing contrary, I bless his name, I labor to
forget, and desire him to pardon," [Certain distressing calam
ities that befell the daughters of Mr. Humfrey, are aUuded to
elsewhere. See notices of Jenkin Davis, under date 1635, and
Daniel Fairfield, under 1640.] Mr Humfrey died in 1661, and
in the same year, his administrators, Joseph Humfrey and Ed
mund Batter, claimed the five hundred acres of land "by a
pond of fresh water," in Lynnfield, which had been given him,
by the Court. The character of Mr, Humfrey bas been drawn
with conciseness by Governor Winthrop, who represents - him
to have been "a gentleman of special parts of learning and
activity, and a godly man," His children were John, Joseph,
Theophilus, Ann, Sarah, and Dorcas. Ann married William
Palmer, of Ardfinan, Ireland, and afterward the Rev. John Miles,
of Swanzey. I have in my possession a deed signed by her, and
sealed with tbe arms of the house of Lincoln.
Mr. Humfrey appears 'to have owned nearly all the \ lands
|from Sagamore Hill to Forest riven His house was near the
(eastern end of Humfrey's beach, and his place there was called
the Swampscot Farm. His lands were chiefly disposed of in
1681, when his daughter Ann sold ten acres to WiUiam Bassett,
jr., and twenty acres with a house in Nahant street to Richard
Hood. Robert Ingalls bought nine acres of the farm, at Swamps
cot for two hundred and eighty pounds, and Richard Johnson
had sixty acres of salt marsh for thirty pounds. The wind-mill
at Sagamore HiU was valued at sixty pounds. The whole of
Mr. Humfrey's lands, at Swampscot, were about thirteen hun
dred acres, besides five hundred at Lynnfield. In 1685, we find
that Daniel King, senior, having bought four hundred acres of
this land, mortgages the same to widow Elizabeth Curwin of
.Salem. He afterward married her, and thus secured it ; but in
1690 it was again mortgaged to Benjamin Brown, of Salem. In
1693, March 20, it was sold by Elizabeth and Daniel King to
Walter PhUUps and John PhiUips, ancesto-rs of the numerous
and respectable family of Phillips, [Mr. Lewis is in error here.
This EUzabeth Curwin was stiU living as the widow of Captain
George Curwin, in 1694, as appears by public records. See
something further, under date 1650.] Tbis tract lof four hun
dred acres is mentioned as beginning at the farther end of the
beach beyond Fishing Point, and extending to the west end
ofthe Long Pond. Another description of -this same four hun-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1641. 201
dred acres, makes it extend to Beaver Brook, which is the little
stream next' eastward of PhiUips's Poed, and runs out at tha
bounds between Lynn and Salem. [It may be mentioned, in
passing, that there is another" little stream, bearing the name
Beaver Brook, in the western part of Lynn. It crosses Walnut
street and flows through the low lands in the rear of tbe alms
house, to Saugus river.] Henry Mayo bought Fishing Point,
which is tbe point next east of Swampscot, which he sold, 10
March, 1696, to Walter PhiUips, for £140. Mn Humfrey's
house, and the land adjacent, was bought by Hon. Ebenezer
BurriU, in whose family it remained untU 1797, when it was
bought by Robert Hooper of Marblehead. In 1842, his daughter
Hannah-, widow of Hon. WiUiam Reed, sold it to Enoch Reding-
ton Mudge, Esq., who built, near the old house, a beautiful
Gothic stone cottage, worthy of the olden time,
[There is, however, without doubt an essential error in loca:
ting Mr, Humfrey at Swampscot, As remarked on page 147,
he had lands there, but I have now no doubt that hi^ place of
residence was on the east side of Nahant street. My attention
was first drawn to the point by Mr. Josiah M- Nichols, who
has spent much time in examining the old records; and sub
sequent investigation furnished what falls little short of conclu
sive evidence. It is certain that be had a house on Nahant
street, and that his adjacent lands were known as his farm.
I find in no deed, will, or inventory evidence that he had a
house at Swampscot; and is it probable that during his brief
sojourn here, he would have erected more than one? Lechford
speaks of his farm Swampscot; not bis farm at or in Swamp
scot. And it may have been only a name by which his estate
at Nahant street was distinguished, a name which was afterward
applied to the territory now known as Swampscot, where he had
a large tract of wUd latid. Mr. Lewis, indeed, says that Swamp
scot was the Indian name of the place now so called ; but ha
gives no authority. No doubt the name is Indian ; but it is
very questionable whether, if it was thus territorially applied
at aU, at that time, it did not, in a loose way, touch any of tbe
coast lands, from the east shore of Lynn harbor, or Beach
street, to the Salem line. There is much reason for the belief
that the old house which many wiU remember as the Samuel
Newhall bouse, and- which had previously been known as the
Hood house, which stood on the east side of Nahant street,
between Baltimore and Ocean, was the identical one in which
Mr, Humfrey lived, the one in which Lady Deborah Moody-
dwelt, and the one which Mr, Humfrey's daughter Ann, in 1681
sold to Richard Hood, as stated on page 200,
[By a careful examination of the descriptions of Mr. Hum
frey's lands it does not appear that his bounds included, the

202 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1641.
site of Mn Mudge's residence. But that the old Farm House,
which still stands on the beautiful grbunds and is now owned
by Miss Fanny 0. Mudge, was owned and occupied by Hon.
Ebenezer BurriU, there is no doubt. The estate was willed to
him by his father, John Burrill, who lived at Tower HiU.
Indeed, he could not have bought it, as Mr. Lewis appears
to have supposed, of Mr. Humfrey's daughter Ann, about the
year 1681, for he was not then three years old. It is not e|sy
to determine when the house was built, and hence its age cannot
be stated. But it is a venerable and most interesting relic, and
can quite well afford to dispense with a few of the honors with
which it has heretofore been invested. It stands a few rods east
(Of Mr. Mudge's picturesque villa and occupies a site that seems
to have been chosen for security against the most disagreeable
winds. Hon. Ebenezer Burrill, of whom a biographical sketch
may be found by turning to page 492, died in 1761, and was
succeeded in tbe pro^rty by his son Samuel, who was born in
1717, and, like his father, became a man of note — was a Repre
sentative during the Revolution — was a member of the Conven
tion for forming the State Constitution — and became the envied
proprietor of the first chaise that appeared in the vicinity,
eliciting much curious observation as he rode down to meeting.
He died in 1797, and the premises were sold to Mr. Hooper, as
stated by Mr. Lewis. Repairs and alterations have been made
about the house, from time to time, and the exterior is modern
ized by adding a piazza. The second story projected over the
first, and the gable ends, in their turn, projected over the sec
ond. The noble elm, in front, which dispensed its refreshing
shade for sporting children who long since became grandfathers
and grandmothers, and departed in tbe great procession that
returns not, still extends its inviting arms, invested with the
dignity of age and the vigor of youth.* It was planted tbere
in or about the year 1740. It is a matter of congratulation that
the estate has faUen into the hands of one who can appreciate
such a rehc. And may the day be far distant when the Vandal
hand of uncultivated Improvement shall be uplifted against it.
[Around such venerable relics as this old Farm House, cluster
memories of the deepest interest, even though their eariier his
tories should be deep in the oblivion of the past; for we know
that as they were human habitations, within them must have
transpired the common events of human life — that misfortune
must have come to baptize in sorrow, and that other days
must have found hearts overflowing with joy -that again and
again with the tide of years, must have come those ever-occur
ring incidents the birth, the bridal, and the yielding up of life
No human habitation, indeed, is without its sorrows, nor, blessed
be God, without its joys.] '

E L M W 0 0 D ,
Country Residence of E. R. Mudge, Esq., Swumpscot. 1864. (See page aOl.) Skatched by J. Sheldon.

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1642. 203
[Edward Tomlins, having been arraigned for expressing opin
ions against singing in the churches, was discharged, 1 June,
he having retracted.]
In the early part of this year, says Governor Winthrop, " a
goodly maid of the church of Linne, going in a deep snow from
Meadford homeward, was lost, and some of her clothes found
after among the rocks."
1642.
A great alarm was occasioned through the colony by a report
that the Indians intended to exterminate the English, The
people were ordered to k^ep a watch from sunset to sunrise,
and blacksmiths were directed to suspend all other business
,till the arms of the colony were repaired. A house was built.
for the soldiers, and another, about forty feet long, for a safe.
retreat for the women and children of the town, in case of an
attack from the Indians. These houses were within the lingiits
of Saugus, about eighty rods from the eastern boundary, and
about the same distance south of Walnut street. The cellars
of both these buildings remain, and near them, on the east, is a
fine unfailing spring.
At the Salem Court, 12 July, George Sagamore and Edward,
alias Ned, sued Francis Lightfoot for land. The case was refer
red to the Boston court, \
[The Court ordered, 27 Sept., " for the better direction of the
watch and alarums," and. for general safety, in addition to what
was called the " county alarum," as follows : " One musket
discharged shalbee an alarum to all the sentinels at the severail
quarters of each towne, who shall answere the said alarum, not
by shooting of any more peeces, but by going to and awakening
the sev'^all houses w*in their quarf^s, by crying, Arme I arme I
Thus the towne being raised, if danger appear, it shalbee in tho
discretion of the cheife offices either to strengthen their sev'^all
quarters, as they shall see occasion, or else to give alarum to
the whole country. It is left to the discretion of the cheife
officers of every towne to appoint the most convenient quarters
or randevous where to set sentinels or Co'ts of garde,"
[The Court made an order that every house in the several
towns should aid in the " breeding of salt peeter," Sergeant
Tomlins was appointed to see that the order was enforced in
Lynn, [On the 12th of November, there was a very great storm.
The tide rose higher than at any time before since the settle
ment began.]
Governor Dudley, in a letter to his son in England, dated
November 28, remarks, "There is a want of school-masters
hereaboutsf,"

204 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1642, \
At the Quarterly Court, December 14, " The Lady Deborah
Moodie, Mrs. King, and the wife of John Tillton, were present
ed, for houldinge that the baptis'ing of Infants is noe ordinance
of God."
The winter was exceedingly cold, witb deep snow, and the
harbor was passable witb teams for five weeks. The Indians
said that the weather had not been so cold for forty years,
[Johnson says that when the ice thawed it removed rocks of
above a ton weight, and brought them ashore.]
Iron ore was discovered in Lynn at a very ea.rly period, but
no attempt was made to work it untU tbe year 1643. It is of
the kind called bog iron, and was found in large quantities in
various places within a mile or two from the meeting-house,
where it stUl exists. The great want in the country of iron
tools and iron ware, induced several enterprising gentlemen
to attempt the establishment of a forge. Among the principal
of these were Thomas Dexter and Robert Bridges. Mn Dex
ter was a very active and energetic man, foremost in every
public enterprise ; and his greatest fault appears to have con
sisted in speaking somewhat too freely of the government,
because they did not keep up with his plans of improvement.
The character of Hon. Robert Bridges has been given by
Johnson, in a few words : " He was endued with able parts,
and forward to improve tbem to the glory of God and his peo
ple's good."
[It is not possible to avoid the conclusion that Mr, Dexter
had serious faults, and that he must have been an uncomfortable
neighbor. He possessed an irritable disposition and was pro
voking in his bearing toward such as stood in any way antago
nistic to him. And tbat he had an inveterate propensity for
the law is abundantly proved by the court records. Mr. Lewis
mentions two or three instances of his being dealt with for
misdemeanors more grave than that of sleeping in meeting.
See under dates 1631, 1633 ahd 1646. And besides what Mn
Lewis has noticed it is found tbat in 1633 he was fined twenty
shiUings for drunkenness ; also, 3 July, 1632, it was ordered
that be be "bound to bis good behav"^ till the nexte GenaU
Court, and ffined vl. for his midemean' and insolent carriage and
speeches to S : Bradstreete, att his owne howse ; also att the
GenaU Courte, is bound to confesse his fault." At the Court in
November, however, 41. of the fine were remitted. There is
some amusing romance about his having purchased Nahant of
an Indian chief, for a suit of clothes ; and Mr. Lewis thought
proper to add an attractive gloss by a lithographic representar
tion. But it is clear that the transaction was not generally
deemed to have been a fair one ; and it was judicially adjudged.
invalid. That he was active and enterprising, there is no doubt •

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1642. 205
and men so characterized never pass lives of obscurity. But
we fail to perceive that he possessed those higher qualities
necessary to entitle him to be ranked among the most useful
class of citizens. He was never a representative, and seems
seldom to have been called to any public office. This /proves
little, to be sure, for it may have been then, as it now is, that
the most worthy are not generally found in those positions,
which are the- cravings of the ambitious and selfish ; though
there is much reason to believe that there was far more political
principle in those days than there is in these. And it is signifi
cant that the title of " M' " was not awarded him. He was
known simply as " goodman," Mn Lewis, indeed, says that he
" was called, by way of excellence, ' Farmer Dexter,' " But
it is most likely that tbe title was bestowed merely on account
of his occupation. His enterprises certainly seem to have had
no higher incentive than personal interest. And there are many
like him, in every community, at this day, whom it is fashionable
to laud and magnify as sincere and devoted public benefactors.
There are, however, descendants of Mr, Dexter, in New Eng
land, of prominence and great worth. Rev. Henry M. Dexter,
of Boston, may be named as
among them. A fac-simile of —^ /• n q^ umJiif^
the signature of bur famous old >S.^e*'*<U> f«»C^4^«'?'^
settler is here given. It was «. ^ j> mu t. _*™
. J p P ^ . , Signature of Thomas Dexter,
traced from a document bear- °
ing date 1657.]
This year Mr. Bridges took some specimens ofthe iron ore
from the mines in Saugus, and went to London, where be suc
ceeded in forming a company, called " The Company of Under
takers for the Iron Works," consisting of the following wealthy
and enterprising gentlemen: Lionel Copley, Esq., of York
county, England; Nicholas Bond, Esq., of Westminster;
Thomas Pury, Esq. of Westminster; John Becx, London,
merchant; William Beauchamp, London, merchant; Tho
mas Foley, London, gentleman; William Greenhill, Step
ney, Middlesex county; Thomas Weld, minister, Gateshead,
Durham county; John Pococke, merchant tailor, London;
William Becke, merchant taUor, London; William Hib-
ocke, citizen, London, This company advanced the sum of
one thousand pounds for commencing the work. Land was
purchased of Thomas Hudson, and a foundry erected on tha
western bank of Saugus river, where large heaps of scoria are
stiU to be seen, John Winthrop, jn, also engaged in tbe enter
prise; and Mr, Endicott, of Salem, in a letter to Governor
Winthrop, dated, December 1, says, "I want much to hear
from your son's iron and steel," ' The vUlage at the Iron Works
was caUed Hammersmith, from some of the principal workmen
R

206 ANNAL'g^ OP LTNN — 1642.
who came from a place of that name in England. This Iron
Foundry at Lynn, was the first which was established in America.
Several persons came from England, this year, to engage in
the Iron Works, either as superintendents or workmen, a.mong
whom were the following:
RiCHAED Leader — was general agent for the Company of the
Undertakers of the Iron Wo'rks, and is mentioned as a man of
superior ability.
Henet Leonaed — was a workman at the Iron Foundry.
[With this Henry Leonard, and his brother James, whom Mr,
Lewis does not notice, is, in fact, identified the whole early
history of tbe iron naanufacture in America, And to this day,
descendants of these enterprising men are extensively engaged
in the iron business. They seem to have become interested in
the American iron works, as follows : first at Lynn, then at
Braintree, afterward at Taunton and Rowley ViUage, and sub
sequently at Canton and New Jersey. In process of time it
came to be said that wherever there were iron works a Leonard
might be found, for they seem very generally to have bred tiieir
sons to their own occupation. And their fathers in England
were engaged in the same calling.
[Henry was at Lynn in 1642, though it does not seem certain
that James came with him. But that the latter was here in
1651 is shown by entries in an account book of that date, kept
by the Lynn Company. These entries are given as found ex-.
tracted in the N. E. Hist, and Geneal. Register, v. 5, and are as
follows : "James Leonnarde, 15 days worke about finnerey Chim-
neye and other worke in y^ forge, 1 : 13 : 0. To ditto Leonard
for dressing his bellows 3 times, 1:10:0. To ditto soe much
aUowed him for bringing his goods .from Prouidence, 2:0: 0."
In 1652, both James and Henry engaged in the estabUshment
of the works at Taunton. At a town meeting there, 21 October,
1652, as appears by tbe records, "It was agreed and granted
by the town to the said Henry Leonard and James Leonard his
brother, and Ralph Russell, free conseiit to come hither and
join with certain of our inhabitants to set up a bloomery work
on the Two Mile Riven" These works were what are some
times called the Raynham works. The Braintree works had
previously been established, and with the Lynn works had a
monopoly ofthe business by grant. The works at Taunton, by
the way, continued long in a prosperous condition. They were
well-managed, and not subjected to harrassing law-suits such as
proved so disastrous to those at Lynn. '
[I do not find that James Leonard -was at Lynn after this-
but Henry was here in 1655. A deposition of his, sworn to on
the 27th of October,^ of that year, contains one or two interest
ing particulars. It is as follows :

ANNALS OP LYNN — 1642, , 207
" The Testimony of Henry Leonard, of Hammersmith, of the age of 37, or
'thereabouts. This deponent saith that there was a small Heap of Coles at
Brantrey Forge, which was Coled about nine yeares agoe ; And these Coles
Lay Rotting, and noe vse was made of them before they were spoyled, and
'Mr, Gifibrd, being Agent, was to bring in a new stock, w""" stock could not be
Layd before the Rotten Coles were Removed, because the Cattle Could not
Turne, Whereupon They being well observed both by Mr, Gifford and my
selfe, Mr, Gifford gave me order that if Goodman Poster, or some other of
Brantrey, could make any use.of them I should dispose of them ; whereupon
Gfoodman Foster had about two halfe Loads, and some of y« Rest of y^ neigh
bors thereabouts fetched some of them ; but they were soe bad they would
fetch no more, and Goodman Foster took as much paynes about them as they
I were worth ; and although they would sei-ve his Turne, they would not serve
us at the forge ; and whereas Goodraan Prey saith he got out of them to raake
a great quantity of Iron, I know tbe Labor y* hee and Thoraas Billington
bestowed about di-awing of them was more than they were worth. And
whereas Goodman Pray saith he made so much L-on of them, hee made not
a quarter of a Tunn of those Coles but did cast now and then a Baskett of
them among other.Coles, but they were worth nothing to his worke,"
[By this deposition it may be inferred that Henry was at
Braintree about 1646. And it seems fair to conclude that as
he was here in 1642, he engaged in the Iron Works at their
commencement, and afterward went to Braintree and assisted
in establishing the forges there. And this supports the position
that the Iron Works at Lynn were the first in America, and
those at Braintree tbe second.
[Henry Leonard married at Lynn and reared a respectable
family of six children. He was here in 1668, and was then
made a freeman. After the last date he went to Rowley Village
and there established iron works. , And in 1674, his sons Na
thaniel, Samuel, and Thomas, contracted with " y'' owners of y"
Iron Works " there to carry on tbe business. After establish
ing the works at Rowley Village, he went to New Jersey, and
there again engaged in the iron manufacture,
[James and Henry had a brother Philip, who does not appear
to have come to Lynn. The Leonards were smart, enterprising
settlers, and many of their descendants, at this day, are distin
guished for energy and business talent.]
Henrt Styche — lived at the Iron Works. It appears by a
deposition given by him, at the Salem Court, in 1653, that he
was then 103 years of age, [He died in 1654, aged 104.] ¦
¦^ezbell Anderson — came from Scotland, and was a work
man at the Iron Foundry, He died in 1661, [His baptismal
name is elsewhere given as Archibald ; but Arzbell is right. In
the office at Salem is " An Inventory of y* estate of Arzbell
Anderson, Scotchman, whoe deceased at y° Iron Works at Lyn,
y thirteenth day of y« sixt month, (August) 1661," The estate
amounted' to £54.18.5.]
MacCallum Moee Downing — came from Scotland, He work
ed at the forge, and died in 1683, v

208 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1643.
Joseph ¦ Jenks — came from Hammersmith, in England. He
was a machinist, at the Iron Foundry, and was aman of great
genius, of which abundant evidence wiU be found in this history.
He made the dies for coining the first money, buUt the first fire-
engine, and took out several patents for improvements in mills
and iron tools. He is said to have descended from an ancient
family in Wales. He came over a widower, leaving two sons
in England, and married a lady whose baptismal name was. Eliza
beth, by whom he had one son and two daughters. He died in
March, 1683, and his wife died in July, 1679. His children
were : 1, Joseph, born in England, resided some tirae in Lynn,
where he married Esther, daughter of William Ballard. He
then removed to Pawtucket, where he built a forge, which was
destroyed in the Wampanoag war, in 1675. In 1681, he was
an Assistant in the government of, Rhode Island ; he had a son,
Joseph Jenks, who was governor of that state from 1727 to
1732. 2. George, went to Virginia. 3, Sarah, married John
Chilson. 4. Samuel, like his father, was a workman in iron, and
married Elizabeth Darling,, 5, Deborah, 6. John, married Sa
rah Merriam. 7. Daniel, went to Rhode Island, where he built
several mills. The descendants of Joseph Jenks, throughout
New England, are numerous, and several of them have been emi
nent; among whom is the Rev. WUliam Jenks, D. D., of Boston,
Joseph Jenks, the founder of the family, deserves to be held
in perpetual remembrance in American History, as being the
first founder, " who worked in brass and iron," on the western
continent. By his hands the first models were made, and the
first castings taken of many domestic implements and iron tools.
The first article said to have <been cast, was a small iron pot,
capable of containing about one quart. Thomas Hudson, of the
same family with the celebrated Hendric Hudson, and the lineal
ancestor of my mother, was the first proprietor of the lands on
Saugus river, where the Iron Foundry stood. When the forge
was established, he procured the first casting, which was this
famous old iron pot, which he preserved as a curiosity. It has
been banded down in the family ever since, and is now, [1844]
in the possession of my mother, who, I suppose, would not
exchange it for a silver one,
1643,
Much difficulty was occasioned, for several years, by an opin
ion which some of the people entertained, that the baptism of
infants was sinful, Mr, WUliam Witter was presented at the
Salem Court for his conduct in this respect, and on the 28th
of February, the foUowing record was made : "WiUiam Witter—
Now comeing in, answered humbly, and confessed his Ignorance,
and his willingness to see Light, and, (upon Mn Norris, our El-

annals op ltnn*— 1643. 209
der, his speech,) seemed to be staggered, Inasmuch as that he
came in court meltinglie. Sentence — Have called our orde-
nonce of God, a badge of the whore — on some Lecture day, the
ne,xt 5th, day, being a public fast, To acknowledge his fait. And
to ask Mr. Cobbett forgiveness, in saying he spok against his
conscience. And enjoined to be heare next court att Salem."
At the same court, Roger Scott was presented, " for coinmon
sleeping at the public exercise upon the Lord's day, and for
striking him that waked him." In December foUowing, not
having amended his conduct, .hp was sentenced by the court,
to be severely whipped." It was the custom at this time,
during the public service, for a person to go about the meeting
to wake the sleepers. He bore a long wand, on one end of
which was a ball, and on the other a fox tail. When he ob
served the men asleep, he rapped them on the head with the
knob ; and roused the slumbering sensibilities of the ladies' by
drawing the brush lightly across their faces.
On Sunday morning, 5 March, there was an earthquake.
[Henry Walton was presented at the court for saying " he
had as Leave to heare a dogg Barke as to heare m' Cobbett
preach."- He was acquitted, however, for want of proof]
A controversy was in agitation respecting the right of the
Assistants to a negative vote upon the resolves of the Repre
sentatives. Mr. Cobbet wrote a treatise, in which he advocated
the right of the Assistants, and the question was finally decided
in their favor.
On the 5th of June, says Governor Winthrop, "there arose a
sudden gust at NW, so violent for half an hour as it blew down
multitudes of trees. It lifted up their meeting-house at New
bury, the people being in it. It darkened the air with dust, yet
through God's great mercy it did no hurt, but only killed one
Indian. It was straight between Linne and Hampton."
In June, Mr. Edward Tomlins was appointed by the Court, a
commissioner to treat with the Indians. He was also appointed
clerk of the writs instead of Mr, Richard Sadler, [Mr, Lewis
has placed his Indian mission a little too early, or else he was
more than once detailed for such service. It was on the 30th
of May, 1644, that he was " ordred aud appoynted, by both
howses ofthe Courte to goe vppon a messuage to y* Narragan-
sett sachems," and dismissed from the " howse for y" present-
to ppare himselfe for y" jurney," (Col, Recs,) He went on his
mission in company with Humphrey Atherton, And it is rep
resented that one of their first adts was to catechise the benight
ed Narragansetts on the Ten Commandments,]
Mr, Joseph Armitage, who kept' the tavern on the west of
Saugus river, having become involved in pecuniary difficulty,
in consequence of certain speculations beyond his means, his
R* 14

210 ANNALS' OP LTNN — 1643.
wife Jane presented a getition to the General Court, in June,
that they would " reconfirme the custody of the said ordinary
to the petitioness." It was signed by the two ministers, and by
thirty-two other principal inhabitants, and was granted on the
26th of October. " Joseph Armitage is aUowed to keep the
ordinary, but not to draw wine."
[It is probable that Mr. Armitage remained in straitened cir
cumstances for some time, for at the June term of the court at
Salem, in 1669, he presented a petition for the payment of a
number of old demands for entertainment furnished to sundry
dignitaries, which reads thus :
To the Honered Court now sitting at Salk«n. The Humble petition of Jo- ¦
seph Armitage Humbly Sheweth that in the time that I kept Ordinary ther
was sum expences at my Hows by some ofthe Honored magistrates & Depe-
tys of this County as apears by ther bills charged oupon Auditor Generall,
which I never Receaued. Therfor your Humbell petticioner doth humbly
request this Court that they would give me an Order to the County Treasurer
for my pay & so your pour petitioner shall ever pray for your prosperity.
Joseph Armiteoe.
[The demands and vouchers appear as follows. And they
certainly present a refreshing glimpse at the simplicity of the
times. Just think of a governor of the present day traveling in
the style of Endicott and Bradstreet, [No, 1,]
M"^ Auditor Generall, There were divers gentlemen, that attended mee at
my going to the election, together with the servants, that at their going &
returning back, which had in beare & wine, at Joseph Armitages, eleven shil
lings & 4d., which I pray give you a bill to the Ti-easurer that hee may be paid,
4th of the Sth moneth, 1650, yrs, Jo, Endecott,
[No. 2. Armitages bill.]
the gouerners Expences from the Coart of election, 1651, till the end of
October, 1651 : to bear & cacks, [beer and cakes] 6d. ; bear and cacks to him..
self and som other gentUemen, Is. 2d. ; bear and cacks with M' Downmg, Is.
6d. ; bear & a cack, 6d. — -Ss. 8d.
to the Sai-gents from the end of the Coart of election, 1651, till the end of
October, 1651, bear & cacks, Is. 2d. ; for vitalis, beear & logen, 5s. ; to Benja
min Scarlet, the gouerners man, 8d. ; bear & vitells, 2s. ; to the Sai-gents, Is.
9d. ; beear and cacks. Is. ; to a man that Caried a leter to wame a Court about
the duchman. Is. 6d.; to the Sai-gents, Is. 2d. — 14s. 3d.
W Auditor, I pray you give a note to M' Treasurer, for the payment of 17s.
lid, accordmg to these two bills of Joseph Armitage,
Dated the 7th ofthe llth mo, 165L Jo, Endecott.
[No. 3. Wiggins bill.]
Mr tresorer, I pray you pay to Joseph Armitage the som of one shilling
fouer pence, which I expended going to the generall Court this 17. 8 mo.
^"^"- Tho, Wibgin,
' [No, 4, Bradstreetes bill.]
due to goodman Armitage, for beare & wyne att severail times as I came
by m the space of aboute 3 veares, 4s, 3d, MayJ5th,'49, More for my man

' ANNALS OP LTNN — 1644, 211
& horse, as hee returned home the last yeare when I was a Commissioner,
hee being deteyned a sabboatb day, 6s. 8d. ' Simon Bradstreete.
[No, 5, Armitagis bill,]
Payed, by the order of the Magistrates, To Henry Skei-ry with a Udall a
prisoner, 3s, lOd. ; To John Kichiug going with Abner Ardway to the prison,
3s ; To the Constable, when Rubin went to prison, 3s, lOd. ; To them that
carried Robert Hithersay to prison from Salsberry, 4s. lOd. — 15s. 6d,
M' Auditor, I pray you passe this bill allso to the Treasurer.
23, 11 mo, 1649. Jo. Endecott, Gov,
[No. 6, Samuel Symonds bill,]
7th Iirst mo, 1650, Due to Joseph Armitage for my refreshment in return
ing from Boston Courts of Assistants, lOd, SAMtJEL Stmonds.
[No, 7.]
There is due to Joseph Armitage, of Lyn, one shilling and fourpence for our
dinner, the 6th of ye 3* mo. 1651, *
Tho, Bradburt, Esdras Reade, Depts.
Reseved of Joseph Armitage tenn pence. Witnes my hand this 6. 3 rno.
1651, Jo, Whippi-e,
Reseved at Joseph Armitages fouer pence by mee,
6. 3 mo. 1651. Hugh Catjking, [who signs by a cross, his mark.]
M"- Auditer, pay to Joseph Armeteg fouer pound sevene shillings one pence,
Joseph Jewet, Guard,
9, 4 mo, 1652, Ephraim Child.
It was probably on account of the refusal of the Court to
allow Mr. Armitage to sell spirit, that he procured the warrant
mentioned in the Salem court files, 27 December, when Joseph
Armitage was presented, " for procuring a warrant for seaventy
persons to appeare forthwithe before the Governor, which we
conceave may be of dangerous consequence."
[Mr, Armitage having been fined for not informing the consta
ble of a person being drunk in his company, as the law required,
petitioned to haVe the fine remitted. But the Court answer, 13
May, 1651, that they see " no cawse to abate the petitioner any
part of that fine."
[Mr. Armitage died in 1680. His administrator was Henry
Styche. Richard Haven and John Ballard appraised the estate
which they rendered at £6.2.6.]
1644.
The Company of Undertakers for the Iron Works, on the 7th
of March, laid before the Court ten propositions for the advance
ment of their designs ; the most important of which were grant
ed. They were allowed permission to make use of six places,
three miles square in each place, wherever they might choose,
without interfering with previous grE^nts. Their privileges
were to continue twenty-one years ; with exemption of them
selves, their workmen, and stock, from all public taxes, for ten
years.

212 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1644, I
On the 20th of May, the Court allowed the town « thirty sacre
shot" for their two great guns, of which Captain Bridges had
the care, [The sacre, or saker, was a pecuUar kind of ordnance,
of French invention, as the name would seem to indicate. It
was frequently used as a field piece, " Of guns, the long sacre
is most esteemed," says Dampier in his Voyages, 1688.]
At the same Court, the name of Lynn Village was altered to
Reading, t_ • i
[There was a great drought this year, and much sickness
prevaUed in the summer, A public fast was held in July, in
consequence,] At the Quarterly Court, 27 August, the foUowing persons
were presented : " Wm. Hewes and John his son, for deriding
such as Sing in the Congregation, tearming them fooles ; also
WiUiam Hewes for saying Mr. Whiting preaches confusedly;
also John Hewes for charging Mr. Cobbitt with falsehood in
his doctrine, Wm. Hewes and John his son, shaU pay 50s. a
peece for a fine, and that it be Injoyned they shall make an
humble confession at Lynn, at a publick meeting, which accord
ing to it the Court wUl consider of their fines." [The name
seems to have been spelled Hewes, or Hughes, interchangeably.
Thus, on the Colony Records, 16 Oct. 1650, is found the follow
ing : " In answer to the petition of Purnell Hughes, wife of
William Hughes, of Lynne, the Court accept of hir acknouledg-
ment, and according to hir request, pardons hir hir offence in
selling strong waters w^out license whereby one was distem
pered." This Hewes family does not seem to have been above
reproach. [Hugh Burt and Samuel Bennett, of Lynn, were presented
to the grand jury as " common sleepers in time of exercise."
They were fined 2s. 6d. each.]
On the 13th of November, the Iron Company presented to
the Court seven more propositions ; in reply to whicb, the
Court, in addition to their former grants, allowed them three
years " for the perfecting of their worke, and furnishing of tbe
country with all sorts of barr iron." They gave any of the
inhabitants liberty to share in the work, by " bringing in wthin
one y^ear, no less than 100.£ a person, with allowance to the
adventurers, &c., for lOOOX already disbursed ; " if they would
complete the finery and forge, as well as the furnace, which " is
already set up." They gave them liberty, in all waste places,
" to make use of all yron ston, or yron oare," to cut wood, and
to make ponds and highways. They likewise granted them
immunities, civil and religious, equal with any in the jurisdic
tion ; and recommended them to provide religious instruction
for tbe famUies of their workmen, who were to be free from aU
watchings against the Indians, and from all trainings.

ANNALS OP LTNN ^1645, 213
1645,
The establishment of the Iron Foundry was highly approved
by the Court, who passed the following order on the 14th of
May: " Whereas it is now found by sufficient purpose that the iron work is very
-successful, both in the richness of the ore and the goodness of the hon, and
like to be of great benefit to the whole country, especially if the inhabitants
here should be interested theirein, in some good proportion, one half at the
least, and whereas the time limited for adventurers to come in will be expired
in the ninth raonth next: This Court, taking the sarae into serious considera
tion, and being careful that such an opportunity, for so great advantage to the
Commonwealth might not be let slip, have taken order, that speedy notice
thereof ¦should be ^iven to every town within this jurisdiction, expecting that
all such persons as are of suflBcient ability, and intend their own benefit, with
the common good, will forthwith appear to come in to share in the work,
according to their abilities; and for then- better instruction, and direction
herein, they are hereby to understand that there is already dislDui-sed between
£1200 and £1500, with which the furnace is built, with that which belongeth
to it, and good quantity of mine, coal, and wood, provided, and sorae tons of
sow iron cast, and some other things in readiness for the forge, &c. ; they are
also to know that no adventurer is to put in less than £100 ; but divers may
join together to- make up that sum, so it come all under one narae. There
will be need of sorae £1500 to finish the forge, die, which wUl be accepted
in money, beaver, wheat, coals, or any such coraraodities as will satisfy the
workmen ; and these are to be paid in to Mr. Henry Webb, of Boston, by such
dh-ection as they may receive from the undertakers, Mr. John Winthrop, jun.,
Major Sedgwick, Mx. Henry Webb, aforesaid, and Mr. Joshua Hewes ; th^
new adventurers are also to know that they must bear then- part in such loss
as is befallen the first stock, by forbearance or otherwise, to the time of the
new adventurers paying in their adventures ; and all such as will adventure
are desired to hasten their resolutions, that the work may go on speedily."
A question has arisen, whether the first forge might not have
been established at Braintree, It certainly was not, Thj first
purchase of land for the iron works at Braintree, which has been
discovered, was not till some months after this time, namely ",• on
the twenty-ninth of September, 1645, when George- Ruggles
sold toRichard Leader twenty acres. The grant of " 2860 acres,"
made for the iron works " to be set up " at Braintree, was not
laid out tiU the eleventh of January, 1648. It is certain that an
iron foundry was in successful operation at Lynn, as early as
1643, and as mention is only made by the Court of one forge, it
foUows of course that it must haVe been this. In 1691, iron
ore, called " rock mine," was taken from the ledges at Nahant
for the forge at Braintree,
[The first deed on record, in our- County Registry, is one
from Thomas Dexter, who, "for the sum of 40£ the year, hath
sould unto Richard Leader, for the use of the Iron Works, aU
that land," &c,]
The Court ordered, that youth, from ten to sixteen years of
age, should be exercised, on training days, in the use of small
guns, half pikes, and bows and arrows. They also ordered, that

214 ANNALS OP LTNN-- 1645,
any person who should make or publish a false report, should
be fined ten shillings, or set in the stocks.
Mr, Edward Burcham was chosen " Clarke of the Writts, and
to record deaths, births, and marriages for the Towne."
"Thomas Layton hath liberty granted himi by the house of
deputies, to drawe wine for the town for one yeare." [The
license was granted to him at the request of the town,]
" Thomas Layghton, Edward Burcham, and Thomas Puttnam,
are chosen by tbe house of deputies to end small controversies,"
[These controversies, or "' small cawses " as they are sometimes
called on the records, were such as in pecuniary matters did
not exceed twenty shillings.]
The number of inhabitants having been considerably dimin
ished by the removal of so many femilies to Reading, Long
Island, and other places, a petition was presented to the Court
for an abatement of taxes. The original paper, very much torn
and trampled by the mob which dilapidated Governor Hutchins
son's house and papers in 1765, is stiU in existence. It com
mences with " humbly shewing, that whereas the overruling^ .
Providence of God hath much weakened our hands, which yet
were never of like .strength with others about us, to bear such a
share in the pubUque disbursements and debts of the country
as formerly, we therefore make; bold truly to informe this hon
oured- Court of our infeebled estate with which we haye more
immediate cause to be best acquainted. Those fewe able per
sons which were with and of us, its not unknowne how many
of them have deserted us; as iny lady Moody, whose share in a
former rate of this town, at 80£ was above 4£ and her estate,
left now in a life rate, pays not 1£ 10s. Mn Howell, 6£. Mn
WUlis, 5£. Mn Keayne, 2£. Mn Edward Tomlins, neare 3=6.
John Poole, IX 15s, Mn Sadler, 1£ 10s. Nic. Browne, as much,
Lieftenant Walker, 1£. Wm. Halsey, 1£. John Cowper, 1£.
Mr. Wade, 12s. James Hubbard, 12s, Wm, Cowdrey, Wm,
Blott, Wfii. Martin, Thomas Marshall, Zachary ffitch, lOs.' each
of tbem, besides above 20 more, whose'share in such a rate V\ras,
some 8, some 7," &c. The petitioners state, that between " two
and three hundred acres of the deserted farms is soe overrun
with Sorrel that it is scarce quittinge cost to such whose neces
sities IS such as with us force them to improve the same. We
would not envy our neighbor townes, which are of the risingQ
hand by tradmge or otberwayes ; we rather wish theyr pros
perity; but for ourselves, we are neither fitted for or inured to
any such course of trade, but must aw4yte God's blessinge alone
\P°.°x?:"''t^"'^'^°/^^"^^'.°''^ ^^™®^* Request therlfore is,
that this honoured Court, m which is the Confluence of the
wisdom, fidelity and Equity of the Country, would please seri
ously to weigh the premises touching our present estate, and

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1645. 215
proportion out such share of Publique Charges, according not
to our supposed but real AbUities which the Lord hath Jeft us ;
and we shall cheerfully put too our shoulders and continue our
joynt prayers for you and yours. Resting yours to serve and
obey in the Lord." This petition was signed by Thomas Put
nam, Francis Lightfoot, Henry Collins, William Longley, and
Thomas Laighton, selectmen. The Court, in their reply, say :
"We conceive the estate of lin should be considered;" and
when they lay the tax, which was £616,15, they required only
£25 from Lynn,
[A few facts regarding some of the individuals named in the
foregoing paragraph, which do not appear to have fallen under
the eye of Mr, Lewis, will be here given. Those spoken of will
be distinguished by itoMcs.
[Mr. Keayne, seems to have been Benjamin, son of Robert
Keayne, of Boston, the first captain of the Ancient and Honor
able Artillery Company ; and he is elsewhere mentioned in this
volume. He could have been in Lynn but a short time. His
wife -was a daughter of Gov, Thomas Dudley, But their con
nection proVed to be an unhappy one. He repudiated her and
went back to England, She was excommunicated in October,
1647, and became greatly reduced in position. Their only child,
Ann, seems to have inclined to the wayward paths her mother
trod, < Old Mr. Keayne provided well for tlie granddaughter, by
his wiU, enjoining, however, that no p9,rt of the property left
for her should in any event go .to her mother, and appointed
certain eminent gentlemen, with his wife, " to dispose of her
for her future education, to some such wise and godly mistress
or family, where she may have her carnal disposition most of all
subdued and reformed by strict discipline ; and also that they
would show like care aud assistance in seasonable time to pro
vide some fit and godly match, proportionate to her estate and
condition, that she may live comfortably and be fit to do good
in her place and not to suffer her ,to be circumvented or to cast
away herself upon some swaggering gentleman or other, that
will look more after the enjoying what she hath, than live in the
fear of God, and true love to her."
[Benjamin Keayne had a farm at Lynn, which, in 1646, was
tinder a small mortgage. Those two eminent divines, John
Cotton, of Boston, and Thomas Cobbet, of Lynn, were guardians
of a young man named Theophilus Skeppar, and Mr. Keayne
was indebted to this Skeppar " in y° sume of 511. payable to
y* said Theophi: at y° age of 21 yeares," for which payment he
had mortgaged " his farme at Linn," Keayne afterward made
over all his estate to his wife and his father for distribution
among his creditors. Upon this the guardians became alarmed,
apparently lest the assignment should supersede the mortgage.

216 ANNALS OF LTNN — 1645.
and petitioned the Court on the subject. And the Court ordered
that the " said farme in Linn shall not be allienated or any
way disposed by y« wife or fath' of M'^ Benia: Keayne, but
shall remain engaged for securiiig y° 511. to y" said orphan, at
y" age of 21 yeares as is pvided in y^ deed above mentioned."
Benjamin Keayne died in 1658. His wife, who in her low estate
had become the wife, real or reputed, of a Mr. Pacey, died in
1659. And Ann, after having had two husbands, died in 1704,
[William Halsey. I think this must mean Tbomas Halsey,
who came here in 1637. Hg remained buta^sbort time, and
went to Southampton, His will was probated m New York, in
1679, and in it he names three sons and- a daughter. See the
name under date 1638.
[John Cowper. I do not see who this can be unless it is the
individual caUed John Cooper, under date 1635, in the list of
land distributees, 1638,, and elsewhere, who became one of the
Southampton settlers, and was " our neighbor John Cooper,"
licensed, 25 January, 1655, to sell strong liquor to all the peo
ple there excepting Indians and such as would not "use it
properly." []}Ir. Wade. This was probably Samuel Wade who was here
in 1641 ; tbe same individual who was robbed by his servant,
Richard WUson, of " 81. of money & divers small things," for
which the Court ordered the said Richard " to be, put fourth to
servise for 3 or 4 yeare^ except bee can procure 101. ; also hee
is to have a T set vpon his vpmost garment; the servise is to
bee w*h his m"", if his m'' wiU have him, or else to bee put out by
the countrey." Mn Wade must have left Lynn before 1645.
There was a Richard Wade here, for a short time, about 1637.
[James Hubbard. There was a man of this name here, ' in
1637. In 1641 he went to Long Island. From the circum
stance that the foUowing mysterious entry on the Colony Rec-
ords,_l December, 1640, is immediately succeeded by two others
relating to Lynn, it is judged that the individual in question
had been complained of for assault and battery: "James Hub
bard is discharged, the hurt being littie, and done unwiting, the
other pressing upon him."] ,
Some of the inhabitants of Lynn and Salem petitioned the
Court for liberty to form an independent company. The Court
gave permission, and a band was formed, called " The Military
Company of Lynn and Salem." [And they were allowed to
assemble for mUitary exercise, either in Lynn or Salem, as
often as they pleased.]
At the Quarterly Court, on the 5th of July, Samuel Bennet
was presented, " for saying, in a scornful manner, he neither
cared for the Towne, nor any order the Towne could make."
Captain Robert Bridges was appointed by the Court, a com-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1645. 217
missioner to negotiate between Lord De La Tour and Monsieur
D'Aulney, the governors of the French provinces on the north
of New England. He was accompanied by Richard Walker
and Thomas Marshall. For their " good service " in tbis em
bassy. Captain Bridges was allowed ten pounds. Lieutenant
Walker four pounds, and Sergeant Marshall forty shillings.
[On the 14th of May, the Court chose Captain Bridges and
four others to draft bUls for " possitive lawes " against lying,
sabbath-breaking, profanity, drunkenness, &c,]
On the 14th of October, the Company of Undertakers for the
Iron Works presented a petition to the Court, which was granted.
As the answer ofthe Court comprises- some interesting informa-;
tion respecting the Iron Works, it is transcribed.
1. It was granted and by this Court ordered, that the undertakers, their
agents and assigns, are hereby granted the sole privilege and benefit of making
Iron and managing of aU Iron raines and works that now are, or shall be dis
covered and found out, or hereafter shall be in this jurisdiction, for the term
of twenty-one years frora the, forraer grar^: Provided that the said adventur
ers, their agents or assigns, do, within three years from the former date, use
their best endeavors to their utmost skill to perfect so many ofthe said works,
that the inhabitants of this jurisdiction be furnished with bar n-on of all sorts
for then- use, not exceeding twenty pounds per ton : Provided, also, that it
shall be in the liberty of any within this jurisdiction to be adventurers with
the undertakers, that by the last day of this October they bring in then- adven
tures, not less in one man's name than fifty pounds, with allowance to the
adventurers, for the stock of one thousand pounds by them already disbursed.
2, The Court doth hereby further grant to the said undertakers, their
agents and assigns, in all places of waste and lands not appropriated to any
town or person, that the said undertakers, their agents or assigns, at all times
during the said term of twenty-one years, shall and may freely and at their
own discretion have and take all manner of wood and timber, to be converted
into coals, or any other uses for the service of the undertakers, as also all
manner of eai-th, stones, turf, clay, and other materials for buildings and
reparation of their works, forges, miUs, or houses built, or to be built, or for
making or moulding any manner of guns, pots, and all other cast-iron ware,
and for converting wood into charcoal, and also to get, dig, and carry away
of all manner of stone, iron ore, and wood of all sorts, and any other material,
or things of use for their works, and it is hereby also granted to the said
undertiikers, their agents, or assigns, that they shall have fi-ee liberty to make
all convenient ways and passages, as also all raanner of dams, watercourses,
sluices, ponds of water, in all waste grounds, or other conveyances, to, from,
and for the service of the said works built or to be built not appropriated to
any town or person, during such tirae as the said works shall continue : Pro
vided, if by any pond, sluice, dam, or any other work (though in land appro
priated) they should spoil, or any ways prejudice the land appropriated to any
town or person, the said undertakers shall make due and just satisfaction.
3. Also the Coui-t doth hereby fui-ther grant to the said adventurers, their
agents, or assigns, in aU the grounds that are or shall be appropriated, that the
said adventurers, their agents, or assigns, shall have free liberty at all times
during the tei-m, to dig, get, carry away all manner of stone, or iron ore, and
to make and use all convenient ways and sluices, watercourses, pools, dams,
ponds of water, and other conveniences, to, from, and for the service of the
said works through all the said grounds, that are or hereafter shall be appro
priated, (except houses, orchards, not exceeding three acres, and yards) giving
o

218 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1645*
such due and full recompense for the same to the owners thereoi^ for the time
being, as three indiflTerent men shall adjiidge, whereof one to be appointed by
_the said Com-t at the next general meeting after the undertakers, tiieir agents,
"or assigns, shall make or use any of the said ways, or watercourses, or other
particulars therein mentioned for the services aforesaid, and one other by the
owner of the land^ and the thu-d by the undertakers or adventurers.
4, The Court hereby do further grant unto tbe said adventurers and to
their heirs and assigns forever, so much land now or hereafter to be in this
jurisdiction, as aforesaid, as shall contain in six places three miles square in
each place, or so much in quantity as containeth three miles square not exceed
ing four miles in length to be set out in such places and parcels, as the said
undertakers or their agents shall make choice of, not being aheady appropri
ated as aforesaid, upon which said land the said adventurers shall have free'
liberty and hereby do undertake that within the said term of [twenty-one]
years, to search, set out, and find convenient places within the said compass
of land, for the building and setting up of s^k forges, or furnaces, and not
'bloomeries only, or so raany more as they shall have occasion for, for the
making of iron as aforesaid, which they shall, (the iron stone and other mate
rials appearing proper and fit for the making of iron as aforesaid,) buUd and
set up within the. term aforesaid : Provided that the Coui-t may gi-ant a planta
tion in any place where the Court doth think meet, the undertakers or their
agents there residing having first notice thereof, and not making choice of the
same for pai-t ofthe land to be set oftt and gi-anted to them, for the design of
planting the said u-on works and making iron as aforesaid,
5, And it is further granted and ordered that what quantity of iron of all
sorts and qualities the said adventurers, their agents, or assigns, shall make
more than the inhabitants shall have need or use of for their service to be
bought and paid for by the said inhabitants as aforesaid, they shall have free
liberty to transport the same by shipping to other ports or places ofthe world,
tod to inake sale thereof, in what way and place the said adventurers shall
please, for their best advantage : Provided they sell it not to any person or
state in actual hostility with us.
6. It is further granted and ordered, that the said undertakers, and agents,
and servants, shall, from the date of their presents, have and enjoy all liber
ties and immunities whatsoever, present or to come, equal with any in. this
jurisdiction, according to the laws and orders there9f, for the time being, and
according to the rights and privileges ofthe churches.
7, It is also granted, that the undertakers and adventurers, together with
their agents, sei-vants, and assigns, shall be and ai-e hereby free from all taxes,
assessments, contributions and other public chai-ges whatsoever, for so much
of theh- stock or goods as shall be employed in and about the said u-on" works,
for and during the term of [twenty-one] years yet to come from their presents, '
8. It IS also hereby further gi-anted and ordered, that all such clerks and
workmen as miners, founders, finers, hammer-men and colliers, necessarily
employed, or to be employed, m and about the said works, built or to be built,
for any the sei-vices thereof, shall from time to time during the term of [twen
ty-one] years, be and hereby are absolutely freed and discharged of and from
all ordmaiy tramings, watchings, etc., but that every person at all times be
furnished -with arms, powder, shot, etc., according to order of Com-t.
, 9, Lastly, It is ordered by the Court, that m all places where any iron
work IS set up, remote from a church or congregation, unto which they cannot
conveniently come, that the undertakers shall provide some good means where
by their farailies may be instructed ui the knowledge of God, by such as the
Court or standing council shall approve of,"
On the 22d of December, " Thomas Hudson of Linne, granted
unto Thos. Hutchinson of Linne, sixty acres of ground, amongst
the ffurnaces, adjoyning to Goodman Townsend's fiarme."

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1646. 219
A book was written this yeal-, by Rev. Nathaniel Ward, of
Ipswich, which attracted much attention. It is entitied, " The
Simple Cobler of Aggawam, willing to help mend his Native
Country, lamentably tattered, both in Upper Leather and Sole,
with all the honest Stitches he can take," It abounds in pun
gent wit and satire, interspersed with much good sense. He is
particillarly severe on those who cause innovations in religion,
and deny the rite of infant baptism. He says, " The removing
of some one iota in scripture,, may draw out all the life, and
traverse all the truths of the -Bible, To authorize an untruth
by a toleration of state, is to build a sconce against tbe walls
of heaven, to batter God out of his chair I " His book concludes
witn the' foUowing stanza: i
And farewell. Simple World,
If thou 'It .thy cranium mend,
There is my Last and Awl,
And a Shoemaker's End.
1646,
The proprietors of the Iron Works, in the beginning of this
year, made an agreement with Thomas Dexter, for opening a
new water-course, and enlarging the pond. They purchased
" all that parcell of land neere adjacent to the Grantor's hoUse,
which shall necessarily be overflowed by reason of a pond of
water, there included, to be stopped to the height agreed on
betwixt tbem ; and sufficient for a water-course inteiided to be
erected, together with the land lyinge betweene the ould water
course and the new one. And also five acres and halfe in the
cornfield next the Grantor's house," for which they allowed £40.
They agreed to make a fence " toward Captain Bridges's house,"
with " a sufficient cart bridge over the said water-course," and
" to allow sufficient water in the ould river for the Alewives to
come to the wyres before the Grantor's house," This extension
of the pond caused it to overflow three acres of land belonging
to Mr, Adam Hawkes, The whole amount purchased was forty-
five acres, , '
Thomas Dexter's house stood at some distance above tbe
Iron Works, on the left. The present road to the northward
runs through the bed of the old pond. This year the dam was
moved farther up the river, and a little canal was dug from the
pond, and brought along on the high ground, until it reached
the foundry. This canal was the " new water-course " men
tioned in the preceding agreement.
On the 18th of February, Mn William Witter was presented
at the Quarterly Court " ffor saying that they who stayed whUe
a Childe is baptised, doe worsbipp the dyvill ; also Henry Col
lens and Mathew West, deling with him about the former

220 ANNALS -OP LTNN— 1646.
speeche, he speaks to them after this manner. That tbey who
stayed at tbe baptising of a ChUde, did take the name of the
Father, Sonn, and hoUy ghost in vaine and broke tbe Saboth,
and confesseth and justifieth his former speech. Sentence of
Court is, an Iniunction next Lord's day, being faire, that he
make a pubUque confession to Satisfaction, in the open congre
gation at Lyn, or else to answer it at the next General Court,
And concerning his opinion, the court hath yet patience toward
him, tiU they see if be be obstinate, and only admonish him."
By permission of the Court, Mn Leader purchased some of
" the country's Gunnes," to melt over at the iron foundry.
[The General Court, 6 May, passed an order forbidding the
smoking of tobacco, out of doors, under a penalty of two shil
lings for every offence, besides recompense for all damage that
might be occasioned ; " pvided, nevertheles, y* it shalbe lawfuU
for any man y' is on his iourny (remote from any house five
mUes) to take totacco, so that thereby he sets not y* woods on
fire to y° damage of any man," To avoid the inconvenience of
this order it is probable that the gracious dames allowed a com
forting whiff now and then to be taken in their capacious chim
ney corners.]
On the 10th of June, Mr, Joseph Jenks presented a petition
that the Court would patronise his improvements in mUls, and
tbe manufacture of sythes, " In Answer to a petition of Joseph
Jencks for liberty to make experience of his abUlityes and In
ventions for the making of engines for mills, to goe with water,
for the more speedy dispatch of worke than formerly, and miUs
for the making of sithes and other edge tooles, with a new
Invented sawemill, that things may be afforded cheaper than
formerly, and that for fourteen yeeres without disturbance by
any other's setting up the like Invention, that so his study and
costs may not be in vayne or lost, this peticon was graunted,
BO as power is still left to restrayne the exportation of such
manufactures, and to moderate the prizes thereof,, if occacon so
require." Mr, Daniel King complained to the Court that his goods had
been taken, to the amount of fifty shillings, by " the captain of
y« trayned band of Lin, for supposed neglect of trayning, be
being lame, and wilUng to find a sufficient man," The Court
ordered him to pay tbe fifty shillings for the' past, and ten shil-
Ungs, annually, for the future. [But by the proceedings of the
General Court, in May, it is found that " for time to come, this
Courte doth discharge him, in regard of his bodily infirmity,
from attendance vpon ordinary traynings, for any service in
armes." And nothing is said about fines.]
Much damage was done to the corn, wheat, and barley, this
summer, by a species of large black caterpUlar.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1646, 221
On the 4th of August, Mr, Thomas Dexter was presented at
the Quarterly Court " for a common sleeper," in meetings for
public worship, and fined,
[Joseph Armitage petitioned the Court to license " to diaw
wine," whoever the town phould choose for that piirpose. The
Court allowed the choice to be made, and provided that the
one chosen might act till the next sitfing, at which be might be
presented for confirmation, Nicholas Potter was chosen, and
at tbe next Court duly licensed.]
The proprietors of the Iron Works addressed a letter to the
Court, in May, which was answered in September, In their
reply, the Court say, " We acknowledge with you that such a
staple comodity as Iron is a great meanes to enrich tbe place
where it is, both by furnishing this place with that comodity at
reasonable rates, and by bringiijg in other necessary comoditys
in exchange of Iron exported, but as we use' to say, if a man
lives where, an axe is worth but 12d., yet it is never the cheaper
to him who cannot get 12d. to buy one. So if your Iron may
not be had heere without ready mony, what advantage will that
be to us if wee have no money to purchase it. Itt is true some
men have here Spanish mony sometimes, but little comes to our
Smiths hands, especially those of inland tonnes. What monyes
our Smitbes cann gett you may be sure to have it before any
other ; if we must want iron so often as our mony failes, yc
may easily Judge if it were not better for us to Procure it frc
other places by our corne and pipe staves, &c, then to depend
on the coming in of mony which is never so plentifuU as to
supply for the occacon,"
In October, Captain Robert Bridges was chosen Speaker of
thei House of Representatives.
On the night of the 4th of November, " began a most dread
ful tempest at northeast, with wind and rain." The roof of Lady
Moody's house, at Salem, was blown off, (Winthrop,)
At the Court, this month, " on the motion of the Deputies
of the towne of Linne : It is ordered that tbere shalbe once a
weeke a market kept there on every third day of the weeke,
being their lecture day."
[The courts had been for some time vexed by a suit — Taylor
against King — brought to recover damages for the goring to
death of the plaintiff's mare, by the defendant's bull, which
was decided this year. Considerable evidence as to the vicious
character of the bull was introduced. And some of the pecu
liar customs of the time are so graphically exhibited that a few
passages ofthe testimony will be given, Robert Bridges says :
" , , , myself being on horseback with my wyfe behinde me,
y® s* Bull stood in the high way as I was riding a Longe, When
1 came up to the BuU, not knowing whos beast it was, neither
S*

222 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1647.
thinking of any opposition, I struck at the bull, w% my stick,
to put him out of the way ; ymediately y^ buU made att my
mare, and placed his horne vpon her shoulder, and had weU
nigh overthrone both the mare and his riders ; and althongh I
endevored to shunne y« buU, yet he stiU so prest vpon mee y* I
cannot but conceave had not the neareman bin att hand to
beat him off that some hifl-t had bin done, either to o'"selves or
my mare, or both ; but gods good hand better provided," Ann
Knight testified that "shee dweUing with wid, Tayler, did see
her mare alive, the evening before, eating chaffe where they
had bene winnowing corne ; and the next morning, about breake
of day, she saw the bull in the roade where the mare used to
ly, and the 'bull seeing her, went away, she thinking nothing
of any harme^ done by him ; then going into the house with a
few stickes for the fire, she came presently out againe and saw
the mare lying in the roade with her body lying on one side,'"
with her entrails out, and " that there was no other cattell in the
j'ard, but only the colt of that mare. Shee also testifieth. that
shee helped to dresse the same mare of a former wound that
was very deepe," The judgment in the case was as follows:
" Best, 7:3: 1646. It was agreed that in the Judgm* of Lawe,
it is to be concluded that y° bull did kUl y" mare, and y' y" own
er of y' Bull, upon such notice as he had, ought to have taken
order to prevent any future mischief" ..." Salem, 18 5mo.
1646. The magistrates assembled at Salem, doe judge y' m'^
King shall pay halfe the valine of the mare unto m"^ Tayler, w'' is
Judged to bee 7£, that' is, according to the rate of 14£ for the
mare, shee being great with foale, with a mare foale."
[The winter of this year was thought to be the coldest since
the settlement commenced.]
1647,
On the 20tb of January, Richard Leader sold to Joseph Jenks,
the privilege to build a forge at the Iron Works, for the manu
facture of sythes.
On the 26th of May, Capt, Robert Bridges was chosen an
Assistant. In June, an epidemic sickness prevaUed through the whole
country, supposed to have been the influenza.
In October, the Court ordered, that every town containing
fifty famiUes, should have a school for reading and writing ; and
that all towns containing one hundred famUies, shonld maintain
a grammar school.
An order was- passed, that if any young man should address
a young woman, without the consent of her parents, or in their
absence, of the county court, he should be fined five pounds.
The Court fixed the prices of grain to be received for taxes ;

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1648. 223
Indian corn at 3s., rye and peas at 3s. 6d., barley at 4s,, and wheat
at 4s, 6d, a bushel,
[The Court, 11 Nov,, designated the marks by "which cattle
and horses owned in the different towns should be branded.
The brand was to be on one of the near quarters. An L was to
be on those belonging to Lynn.
[Sarah Ellis, of Lynn, was presented at the Salem court, for
not living with her husband for eight years. But it appear
ing that he abused her, while they lived together, she was
acquitted, '
I] [Elizabeth Lambert, wife of Michael Lambert, of Lynn, was
presented " fo^r brewinge on the Lord's day. But it appearing
to the Court that ' she breweing on the last day did leave some
things to finish on the Lord's day ; sentence of the Court is an
admonition, and to pay for witnesses, 3s, 4d., and 2s, 6d, fees of
court,] ' Among the presentments at the Quarterly Court, was the
following, December 14: "The town of Lynn, for want of a
staff for the constable,"
December 29 : " John Turner, living at the Iron Workes, at
Lin, being convicted before the Court for stabbing Sara Turner,
bis daughter-in-law — the sentence of Court is, that he shall be
severely, whipped."
1648.
Mr, Edmund Ingalls, the first white inhabitant of Lynn, was
drowned, in March, in crossing Saugus river. Soon after, " Rob
ert Ingalls, with tbe rest of his brethren and sisters, being eight
in number," petitioned the General Court, " That whereas their
father hath been deprived of life by the insufficiency of. Lynn
Bridge, that according to the law in such cases, there shall be
an hundred pounds forfeited to tbe next heir," This was grant
ed. It was in conformity witli an old British law, established
by Howell the Good, King of Wales, by which the value of each
person's life was nominally fixed, and so much money paid, in
case of his being killed.
On the 23d of March, the Court allowed the town twenty
pounds toward repairing the " great bridge " over Saugus river.
On the 18th of October, thirty shiUings were granted annually
for the same purpose.
On tbe 27th of April, Capt, Robert Bridges's house, near the
Iron Works, was burned, (Winthrop,)
[The following license was granted on tbe 10th of May:
" Whereas, Mr. Downings farme, in the way between Linn and
Ipswich is a convenient place for the releife of travellers,
it is ordered that Mr, Downingd tenant shall have liberty to
keepe an ordinary, his said tenant being such an one as the

224 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1649.
towne of Salem shaU approve for that impliment." (Col. Recs.)
Mr. Downirig's farm was next to Endicott's,]
In June, Margaret Jones, of Charlestown, was executed at
Boston, for a witch. This was the first execution for this of
fence, in New England, and should have been the last.
In a letter to his son, dated 4 August, Mn Winthrop remarks :
" The iron work goeth on with more hope. It yields now about
7 tons per week, but it is most out of that brown earth wbich
lies under the bog mine. They tried another mine, and after
24 hours they had a sum of about 500, which, when they brake,
tbeyi cohceived to be a 5th part sUven There is a grave man
of good fashion come now over to see how things stand here.
He is one who hath been exercised in iron works," In another
letter, 30 September, he says, " The furnace runs 8 tons per
week, and their bar iron is as good as Spanish, The adventur
ers in England sent over one Mr, Dawes to oversee Mr, Leader,
but he is far short of Mr, Leader, They could not agree, so h.e
is returned by Teneriffe."
[The inhabitants of Lynn desired the Court to give them a
right understanding of a clause in a grant to the undertakers
of the Iron Works, concerning taxes. They wished to know
what ^aB intended " by ffreedome from all publicke taxes, as
sessments, and contributions ; whether particular town taxes,
&c. both civill and ecclesiasticall," The Court resolved that the
meaning was to include " rates, levies, or assessments of the
common wealth, and not of the town or church."
[Joseph Armitage was licensed to sell wine for the year, for
twenty nobles.] 1649.
[William Hooke, of Salisbury, conveys to Samuel Bennet,
of Lynn, 15 March, "all that upland that was given him by
arbitration betwixt Thomas Dexter and him or his father Hum
phrey Hooke," Humphrey Hooke was probably the Bristol
alderman referred to as mortgagee of some of Mr, Dexter's
lands, under date 1640,]
• The Rev, Thomas Cobbet preached the Election Sermon
before the Court, on the 3d of May, [And it was voted that
" M' Speaker, in the name of the Howse of Deputyes, render
M' Cobbett the thankes of the howse for his worthy paines in
his sermon w*, at tbe desire of this howse, he preached on the
day of eleccon, and declare to hira it is their desire he would
print it heere or elswhere."]
On the 10th, the Governor and Assistants, among whom was
Captain Robert Bridges, signed a protestation against the pre
vailing custom of wearing long hair, "after the manner of ruffians
and barbarous Indians,"

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1650, 225
On the 7th of September, Nicholas Pinion was presented at
the Quarterly Court, for swearing, " The deposi^on of Quin-
ten Pray, This deponent saith, that meeting with Nicholas
Pinion th5 last Lord's day, cominge out of his corne, hee heard
the said Pinion sware all his pumpkins were turned to squashes,"
The Court, as a comment upon Mr. Johnson's text, (p, 33, old
edition,) "let no man make a jest at pumpkins," fined him,
[Elizabeth, the wife of Mr. Pinion, was, a year or two before
this, indicted for adultery, which was then a capital offence.
She was, ho^tever, acquitted of the graver charge ; but the
Court, 13 May, 1648, sentenced b^r for swearing and lewd beha
vior, to " be sevearly whipt twise, first at Boston and then
agayne at Lin, within one month after,"]
On the llth of September, Matthew Stanley was tried for
winning the affections of John Tarbox's daughter, without the
consent of her parents. He was fined £5, with 2s, 6d. fees.
The parents of the young woman were allowed 6s, for their
attendance, three days. 1650.
In the preceding pages/il have given the names of every
man whom I found in Lynn before the year 1650, excepting
those who staid bjit a short time, and left to settle, in other
places, I shall here' give a list of a few more names, which I
find before the year 1690, and after tbat time they become too
numerous to be continued. [But after all, a great many escaped
the notice of Mr. Lewis,' And I began to prepare a list of addi
tions, following his plan of giving brief notices. It was soon
found, however, that even this would require more space than
could be allowed. And hence, it was concluded to say a word
or two concerning a few whose lives became of importance in
our history, and then prepare as complete a list as possible of
the surnames of all settlers down to the year 1700. Such a list
wUl be found at the close of the volume. And it cannot be
doubted that it wiU prove useful as the foundation for future
inquiries. It would be altogether too venturesome to claim
that the list is perfect, though great labor and care have been
bestowed upon it.]
Samuel Appleton, Jr. — was here from 1677 to 1688, in con
nection with the Iron Works, which he owned at that time. He
was a descendant of John Appulton, who died at Great Wal-
dingfield, in 1414. The foUowing record of the family is from
the old volume of Lynn Records which was discovered by me,
after it had been lost for many years. " Mr. SamueU Apleton,
Junior, and Mis Elizabeth Whittingham, the Daughter of Mr.
WUliam Whittingham, Marchant, in Boston, was married the
19th of June, 1682. Mary, the Daughter of Mn SamueU Ap-
15

226 ANNALS op ltnn — 1650.
pleton and of Elizabeth his wiffe, was born into this world the 30
of March, W83, Hannah, ther Daughter, was born the first of
November, 1684. Elizabeth, their daughter, was Born the
10 of July, 1687." He removed to Boston in 1688; and was
the ancestor of the very respectable family of Appletons in that
city. William Baebeb — married Elizabeth Kirk, 4 May, 1673, He
had two children ; Elizabeth, born 1 Nov, 1673 ; WiUiam, b, 8
Jan. 1674. ^
Thomas Beal — had two sons. WUliam married widow Mary
Hart, 5 March, 1684. Samuel married Patience Lovell, March
28, 1682.
Thomas Bebet — whose wife's name was Elizabeth — had two
sons ; Thomas, born 14 March, 1695 ; and Samuel, born 25 June,
1697. His descendants remain.
John Blanet — married Elizabeth Purchis, in November,
1 678. He had a son Joseph, whose descendants live at Swamp
scot. Samuel Blt — married Lois Ivory, 19 Dec. 1678, and died
31 Dec, 1693. He bad two sons, TheophUus and Samuel.
Thomas Brewer — married Elizabeth Graves, 4 Dec. 1682,
and had six children ; Mary, Rebecca, Mary again, Crispus, Tho
mas, and John.
John Henrt Burchsted — a native of Silesia — married Mary,
.widow of Nathaniel Kertland, 24 AprU, 1690. Henry, his son,
was born 3 Oct. 1690. They were both eminent physicians,
and lived on the south side of Essex street, between High and
Pearl. [There were two sons, both physicians. One was a
surgeon in the British Navy ; the other was Dr. Henry, of Lynn,
who also had a son Henry, a physician.] Dr. John Henry
Burchsted -died 20 Sept. 1721, aged 64. The foUowing is his
epitaph : ¦ Silesia to New England sent this man.
To do their all that any healer can.
But he who conquered all diseases must
Find one who throws hira down into the dust.
A chemist near to an adeptist come.
Leaves here, thrown by, his caput mortuum.
Reader, physicians die as others do ;
Prepare, for thou to this art hastening too.
Thomas Burrage — married in 1687, and had six t;hildren;
EUzabeth, John, Thomas, Mary, Bethiah, and Ruth.
John Coats — married Mary Witherdin, 14 April, 1681, and
had two children,. Mary and John.
Philip Gippord — married Mary Davis, 30 June, 1684, He
had two children, Philip and Mary,
Zaccheus Gould— had a son Daniel, born about 1650, who

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1650. 227
married a lady whose name was Elizabeth, and who died 3 Aug,
1691, ¦
John Gowing — was married in 1682; -his wife's name was
Joanna, and he had seven children ; John, Thomas, Elizabeth,'
Satntiel, Joanna, Lois, and Timothy,
Samuel Hart — married Mary Wittefidge, 29 Jan, 167?, and
had two chUdren ; John and Williain. [Iri a deposition of Mr,
Hart, sworn to 27 Oct. 1653, he calls himself about thirty-one
years of age, and says that. he was sent over by tbe Company,
to the Iron Works. The two sons mentioned by Mr. Lewis
were chUdren by his second wife, aiid both died young. He
had a previous wife, -also named Mary, who died 24 Dec. 1671,
by whom be had children — Mary, who died in 1657; Hannah,
born in April, 1657; Joseph b. 10 April, 1659; Abigail, b. 15
Nov, 1660; John, b. 3 Aug. 1666, who died the next year; Re
becca, b, 27 Jan. 1668 ; Ezekiel, b. 28 April, 1669, who died in
infancy. Savage seems to think his secbnd wife was Mary
Whiting, But I have no doubt Mr. Lewis is correct in stating
it to be Witteridge, Mn Hart himself died 25 June, 1683. The
son Joseph, named as born 10 April, 11659, married, 24 June,
1685, Ruth ChadweU, and bad children — RuthJ born 4 July,
1687; Joseph, b. 12 Sept. 1689; Moses, b, 25 Dec. 1691; Elias,
b, 30 Sept. 1695; Ruth, again, b, 3 April, 1697; Aaron, b. 17
Aug, 1700; Edmund, b. 18 Oct, 1702; Benjamin, b. 21 AprU,
1705 ; Samuel, b. 15 Nov, 1707. This last named Samuel mar
ried Phebe Ivory, and the Joseph spoken of on another page,
was a chUd by tbis marriage. He, Joseph, married Eunice,
daughter. of Samuel Burrill, and granddaughter, of Hon. Ebene
zer, whose farm embraced thp beautiful estate of B. R Mudge,
at Swampscot, ahd had children — -Anna, born 12 April, 1767;
(who married Joseph Lye, and was grandmother of Amos P.
Tapley, president of the City Bank); Joseph, b. 1 Nov. 1768;
Eunice, b, 8 Oct, 1770; (who married David Tufts, who for many
years ran an express wagon to Marblebead, and was the first
regular Lynn express driver) ; Phebe, b, 12 June, 1773 ; BurriU,
b, 12 Nov. 1775 ; Samubl, b, 2 May, 1778 ; Sarah, b, 24 Jan. 1781 ;
(mother of the writer) ; John, b. 8 Dec. 1783; Joseph BurriU, b.
8 Oct. 1788. The Aaron named above as born 17 Aug. l700,
was father of Edmund Hart, who built the famous frigate Con
stitution, For something further concerning the Harts See
other dates.]
Thomas Ivort — had two sons, Thomas and John. He died
18 July, 1690. [Mr. Ivory came in 1638. His wife's name was
Ann, and he bad daughters, Lois, Ruth, and Sarah, Lois mar
ried, 10 May, 1656, John BurriU, and was the favored mother
of Hon. John Burrill, the " beloved speaker," and Hon, Ebene
zer, his brother ; notices of whom may be found elsewhere in

228 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1650.
this volume. Ruth married Theophilus Bailey, and Sarah mar-
ried Moses Chadwell.]
Daniel King — married widow Elizabeth Corwin, of Salem.
He died 27 May, 1672. His widow, Elizabeth, died 26 Feb.
1677. He lived at Swampscot, and bought a large portion of,
Mn Humfrey's farm. He had two sons ; Daniel married Tabitha
Walker, 11 March, 1662. Ralph married Elizabeth Walker, 2
March, 1663. [It appears by the records that this EUzabeth
Corwin, or Curwen, as Mr. Lewis elsewhere spells it, was not a
widow tiU 3 Jan. 1685 ; and in 1694, she was stUl living as the
widow Elizabeth Corwin.]
John Ltscom — had a son, Samuel, born 16 Sept. 1693.
Daniel Needham — married in 1673, and had -five children ;
Elizabeth, Edmund, Daniel, Ruth, and Mary.
EzEEiEL Needham — married Sarah King, 27 Oct. 1669, and
had five children ; Edmund, Sarah, Ezekiel, Daniel, and Ralph,
[Mn Lewis is evidently in error about these two Needhams.
They were doubtless sons of Edmund Needham, who came to
Lynn in 1639, and the same mentioned in his will copied under
date 1640. Daniel mSrried Ruth ChadweU, 24 Feb. 1659, and
had children, Daniel, born in 1665 ; Judith, b. 1667 ; Ezekiel, b.
1670; Mary, b. 1672; Elizabeth, b. 1675 ;; Edmund, b. 1677;
Daniel and Ruth, twins, b. 1680. And FzeMel's children were,
Edmund, born in 1670; a child born in 1673, who died in infancy;
Sarah, b. 1674; Ezekiel, b. 1676, who survived but a short time;
Ezekiel again, b, 1677; Daniel, b, 1680; Ralph, b, 1682. I do
not see how the error of placing Daniel's marriage in 1673, oc
curred.] Thomas Norwood — married Mary Brown, 24 Aug. 1685, and
had six children; Francis, Ebenezer, Mary, Thomas, Mary, and
Jonathan. Geoege Oaks — had five chUdren, by his wife Janet ; John,
born 31 July, 1664, Mary, Richard, Sarah, Elizabeth, and George,
Samuel Penpield — married Mary Lewis, 30 Nov, 1675, and
had two children, Samuel and Mary.
John Perkins- married Anna Hutchinson, 29 Aug, 1695,
and had five children; Anna, John, Elizabeth, Mary, and Wil
liam, John Person — had Eleven children; James, born 28 Nov.
1680, Tabitha, John, Rebecca, KendaU, Susanna, Mary, Thomas,
Ebenezer, Sarah, and AbigaU.
John. Phillips — had two children; John, born 3 Dec. 1689;
Hannah, b, 6 June, 1694, He lived at Swampscot, and his
wife's name was Hannah, • He died 29 Sept, 1694,
William Robinson — had three sons; WiUiam, born 7 Oct.
1683; Aquila; John.
Henrt Silsbb — had three sons; Jonathan married Bethia

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1651. 229
Marsh, L Jan. 1673 ; Samuel married Mary Bistow, 4 July, 1676 ;
Henry married Grace Eaton, 18 Nov, 1680,
Henrt Stacet — had five chUdren ; WUliam, born 3 Jan. 1674 ;
Henry, b. 1 April, 1677 ; Sarah, b, 3 Jan, 1678 ; Ebenezer, b,
4 Jan. 1680 ; John, b. 30 Oct. 1682.
[John Vinton — settied in Lynn as early as 1648, and was
in some way connected with the Iron Works. His wife's name
was Ann, and his chUdren were, Eleanor, born in May, 1648 ;
John, b, 2 March, 1650; WUliam, b. in AprU, 1652; Blaise, b,
22 April, 1-654 ; Ann, b. 4 AprU, 1656 ; Elizabeth, b, in Jan,
,1658; Sarah, b, 16 Sept, 1662. Fleanor married Isaac Rams-
¦deU, of Lynn. John married Hannah Green, ef Maiden, and
removed to that place. He was an iron worker, acquired a
large property, and is now considered to be tbe progenitor of
almost all who at the present time bear tbe surname in the
country, including those eminent brothers, Rev. Dr, Alexander
H, and R^v. Dr. Francis Vinton. One of the family, a, number
of years since, collected the names of more than a thousand
of his descendants. Blaise served in the Indian war of 1675,
and is supposed to have perished then. . The Vinton family is,
no doubt, of Huguenot origin,]
Joshua Wait — married Elizabeth Mansfield, 10 Jan, 1675,
and had two children, Moses and Mary,
Abraham Wellman — whose wife.'s name was Elizabeth —
had a son borri, 3 May, 1676.
Domingo Wight — a colored man, had three chUdren ; Mary,
born 31 Aug. 1675 ; Joseph, b, 23 May, 1678 ; Hannah, b, 5 Sept.
1679. '
[Mr. Whiting, Mr. Cobbet, and four other ministers, send a
letter to CromweU, 31 December, in which they say, "since
your honor hath so large a heart given you of the Lord as to
desire you to build him a temple amidst the ruinous heaps of
Ireland, we know not but we may attend this providence of the
Lord, hoping that as we came by call of God to serve him here,
so if the Lord's mind shall clearly appear to give us a sufficient
call and encouragement to remove unto Ireland, to serve the
Lord Jesus Christ there, we shall cheerfully and thankfuUy em
brace the same,"]
1651.
, Mr. Richard Leader, the agent for the Iron Works; was ar-
•raigned by tbe Court, on the seventh of May, for reproaching
Governor Endicott, the Court, and the church at Lynn, In
their first excitement, the Court fined him two hundred pounds,
which was afterward reduced to fifty, [The offence would be
more exactly stated by employing the words of the record :
" This Courte , , , doe finde that, contrary to the lawe of God
T ,

230 ANNALS OF LTNN — 1651,
and the lawes heere eastablished he hath threatened, and in a
high degree reproached and slaundered the Courts, magistrates,
and gouernment of this comon weale, and defamed the toune
and church of Lynne, also afronted and reproached the counsta-
ble in the execution of his office," He was likewise bound in
tbe sum of 1001. for the payment of the fine, and for his gpod
behavior "toward the gouernment and people of this jurisdiccon
whiles he remajnes in this coUonje, till the next sessions of this
Courte." And at the next general session, in October, 1651,
the whole thing came to an end. It appeared that the obnox
ious words were " spoken in the midst of the sea, going hence to
England."] After this, Mr. John Gifford appears as agent of
the Iron Works, He married the widow Margaret Tentiple, and
had a son Philip, [He probably came from the Braintree works.
See deposition of Henry Leonard, page 207, And for some
years he seems to have been in a sea of trouble, arising, most
likely, from pecuniary embarrassment. He was subjected to
long and troublesome litigation regarding a bond given whUe
in England, In a petition to the Court, in 1684, he states that he
" hath now been a 'prisoner upon execution fower yeares and
seuen moneths," and without relief from the Court, wUl " inev
itably perish in prison for want of meet suppljes for his releife."
So rigid were the old law's touching imprisonment for debt. It
may have been suspected, however, that he had property fraud
ulently secreted, for he declares in his petition that it had
not been shown thkt he had any estate concealed, by which he
might relieve himself The Court " having weighed the neces
sitous and perishing condition of the prisoner," ordered that
under certain conditions, and unless the, opposing parties came
forward and performed what ivas required of them, he should
be released in ten days.]
On taking,^ the management of the Iron Works, Mr. Gifford )
raised the dam, vsrhich caused the water to overflow six acres
of " plowland " belonging to Mr, Adam Hawkes. For this, on
tlie 20th of June, an agreement was made, in which Mr, Hawkes
was allowed £8 for damages.
On Sunday, the twentieth of July, three men of the Baptist
persuasion, whose names were John Clarke, John Crandall, and
Obadiah Holmes, came from Newport, and went to the house
of William Witter, at Swampscot, where Mr. Clark preached,
administered the sacrament, and rebaptized Mr. Witter. This
being reported to tbe authorities, two constables went down to
Swampscot to apprehend them as disturbers ofthe peace. They
carried a warrant which had been granted by Hon, Robert
Bridges. " By virtue hereof, you are required to go to the
house of WiUiam Witter, and so to search- from house to house
for certain erroneous persons, being strangers, and them to

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1651. 231
apprehend, and in safe custody to keep, and ton^rrow morning
at 8 o'clock, to bring before me," Mr, Clark* ays, " while I
was yet speaking, there comes into the house where we were,
two constables, who with their clamorous tongues make an
interruption, and more unciviUy disturbed . us than the pursui
vants of the old English bishops were wont to do." In the
afternoon, they were taken to Mr. Whiting's meeting, where
they refused to uncover their heads, Mr, Bridges ordered a
constable to take off their hats, when one of them attempted to
speak, but was prevented.
At the close of the meetiiig, one of them made some remarksj
after which they were taken to the Anchor Tavern, and guarded
through the night. In the morning, they were sent to Boston
and imprisoned. On the thirty-first, the Court of Assistants
sentenced Mr, Holmes to pay a fine of thirty pounds, Mr, Clark
of twenty, and Mr, Crandall of five. The fines of Clark and
Crandall were paid ; but Mn Holmes refused to pay his, or suffer
it to be paid, and was retained in prison till September, when he
was publicly whipped. When brought to the place of execu
tion, he requested liberty to speak to the people, but the presid
ing officer, one Flint, rigbtiy named, refused, and ordered him
to be stripped. His friends brought some wine, which they
requested him to drink, but he declined . it, lest the spectators
should attribute his fortitude to drink. The whip was made
of three cords, and the executioner spat three times in his own
hands, that he might not fail to honor justice. In a manuscript
left by Govemor Joseph Jenks, it is written that " Mr. Holmes
was whipped 30 stripes,, and in such an unmerciful manner, that
for many days, if not some weeks, be could not take rest, but aa
he lay upon his knees and elbows, not being able to suffer any
part of tbe body to touch the bed." As the man began to lay
on the stripes. Holmes said, " though my fiesh should fail, yet
my God will not fail." He then prayed, " Lord, lay not this sin
to their charge." When he was released, two spectators, John
Shaw and John Hasel, went up and took hold of his hand to
sympathize with him, for which they were fined forty shillings
each. Such is the bitterness of religious persecution. Dr. John
Clark was one of the most respectable physicians in Rhode
Island, and wrote a book entitled " III News from New Eng
land," with a full account of this persecution.
Mn Witter was presented at the Salem court, on the twenty-
seventh of November, for neglecting discourses and being re-
baptized. On the fourteenth of October, tbe Court made an order
against " the intolerable excess and bravery " of dress. They
ordered that no person whose estate did not exfceed £200 should
wear any great boots, gold or silver lace, or buttons, or sUk

232 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1651.
hoods, ribbons^r scarfs, under a penalty of ten shiUings. [And
the Court also^^assed the foUowing : " Whereas it is observed
there are many abuses and disorders by dancing in ordinaries,
whether mixt or unmixt, vppon marriage of some persons. This
Court doth order that henceforward there shall be no dancing
vppon such occasion or at other tjmes in ordinaries, vppon the
pajne or penaltje of five shiUings for every person that shall so
daunce in ordinarjes."]
" In answer to the petition of George Indian of Lynn, This
Court refers him to bring his action in some inferiour court,
against any that ungenerously withold any land from him,"
The foUowing description of Lynn is from "The Wonder
Working Providence," a work published this year, by Mn Ed-,
ward Johnson of Woburn :
Her scituation is neere to a River, whose strong freshet at breaking up of
Winter, filleth all ber Bankes, and with a furious Torrent ventes itself into the
Sea. This Towne is furnished with Mineralls of divers kinds, especially Iron
and Lead. The forme of it is almost square, onely it takes too large a run
into the Land-wai-d, (as most townes do.) It is filled with about one Hundred
Houses for dwelling. There is also an L-on Mill in constant use, but as for
Lead, they have tried but little yet. Theu- meeting house being on a Levell
Land undefended from the cold Noi-th west wind, and therefore made with
steps desoending into the earth; their streets are sti-aite and comly, yet but
thin of Houses ; the people mostly inclining to Husbandry, have built many
Farmes Remote. There Cattell exceedingly Inultiplied. Goates, which were
in great esteeme at their first comming, are now almost quite banished, and
now Horse, kine, and Sheep are most in request with them.
In his remarks on manufactures, Mr, Johnson says :
All other ft-ades have fallen into then- ranks and places, to then- great ad
vantage, especially Coopers and Shoemakers, who had either of them a
corporation granted, inriching themselves very much. As for Tanners and
Shoemakers it being naturalized into their occupations to have a higher reach
in managing these manifactures then other men in New England are, having
not changed their nature in this, between them both they have kept men to
their stand hitherto, alraost doubling the price of theu- commodities, according
to tlie rate they were sold for in England, and yet the plenty of Leather is
beyond what they had there, counting the number of the people, but the
transportation of Boots and Shoes into forraign parts hath vented all, how
ever. Tbe manufacture of shoes had not, at this time, become a
principal business at Lynn. A few persons practised the em
ployment regularly; but they traded witb merchants at Boston,
and did not export for themselves. The shoes which they made
were principally of calf skin, for morocco had not been intro
duced. Cloth was worn only by the most wealthy ; and if a
lady in the more common ranks of life obtained a pair of stuff
shoes, to grace tbe nuptial ceremony, they were afterward laid
aside, and carefully preserved through life, as something too
delicate for ordinary use.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1652. 233

1652.
Wenepoykin, the Lynn Sagamore, on the first of AprU, mort
gaged "aU that Tract or Neck of Land commonly caUed Nahant,"
to Nicholas Davison of Charlestown, " for twenty pounds ster
ling dew many yeen" The deed was signed with his mark,
which has somewhat the form of a capital H in writing<
[John Hathorne having succeeded Joseph Armitage " in tbe
ordinary at Lin, and so standing bound to perform bis engage
ment in respect oft what he was to pay for drawinge of wine,
desiring a remittment of what is due for the fast halfe yeare past,
received this answer : that he should only pay after the rate
of fifty shiUings per butt for what he hath drawne to this time."
This appears to have been the same John Hathorne who was
proceeded against, about this time, for forgery, and confessed
himself guUty. Having petitioned, in May,- 1653, for remission
or mitigation of the penalty, the General Court ordered tbat in
lieu of the prescribed punishment he should " pay double dama
ges, whicb is twenty pounds, to the party wronged and ten
pounds to the common wealth, to be forthwith levied ; and to
be disfranchised. If be doth not submitt to the sentence, then
the law tbat pvides against fforgery is- to take place in euery
particular,"] At the Quarterly Court, on the 29th of June, the following
presentments were made, " We present Ester, the wife of Jo
seph Jynkes, Junior, ffor wearing silver lace ; " and " Robert
Burges for bad corne grinding," Other persons were presented
for wearing great boots and silk hoods,
Mr, Gifford this year increased the heigbt of tbe dam at tbe
Iron Works, by which ten , acres of Mr, Hawkes's land were
overflowed ; for which he agreed to give sixteen loads of hay
yearly, and 200 cords of wood* Afterward he agreed to give
him £i, " which ends aU, except that 10s, is to be given him
yearly," By tbis agreement the water was to be so kept " that
it, may not ascend the top of tbe upper floodgates in the pond
higher than within a foot and a halfe of the top of the great
Rock that lies in the middle ofthe pond before tbe gates."
This year a mint was established at Boston, for coining silver.
The pieces had the word Massachusetts, with a pine tree on
one side, and the letters N, E, Anno 1652, and HI. VI. or XII.
denoting the number of pence, on the other. The dies for this
coinage were m'ade by Joseph Jenks, at the Iron Works.
[The coinage was continued for many years, the mint not
halving been closed tiU about 1686, according to Mn Felt, or
before 1706, according to others. But the dies were not alter
ed, at least for some years ; and perhaps the date never was,
for reasons patent to our shrewd fathers. And hence a large
T* ' ^

234 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1653*
portion of the pine-tree coins now in the cabinets of the curious,
do not bear sure evidence ofthe precise date at which they were
struck. It is certain that the date 165-2 was retained as late as
1685. This coinage would, under most circumstances, have
subjected those engaged in it to heavy punishment, for it in
fringed a prerogative usually guarded with the utmost jealousy
by the sovereign. But it wiU be -observed that it was com
menced during the Puritanical Interregnum, and affords addi
tional evidence that at that period almost perfect independence
was assumed by the colonists. It is stated ^ly Randolph,- 1676,
that Massachusetts established this mint, in 1652, to commemo
rate her independence ; and adds that tbe adjacent colonies were
jSubject to her. Hugh Peters was a fast friend of Massachusetts ;
iand having much influence with Cromwell, it was probably in a
Igreat measure through his exertions that she came so near being
declared an independent commonwealth. When Charles II. came
to the throne he was greatly offended at the high-handed pro
ceedings. Sir Thomas Temple, who knew the necessities of the
colonists, and was friendly to them, stated to tbe king that
money was extremely scarce in New England, and during the
civil wars but little could be obtained from the mother country.
And he exhibited pieces of the pine-tree money. "What is
that?" asked the king, pointing to the pine-tree that adorned
one side of the coin. " That,'' answered Temple, with more
shrewdness than honesty, " is the royal oak that sheltered your
majesty." This well-timed insinuation regarding the loyalty of
the colonists so pleased the monarch that he gleefully exclaimed,
" Honest dogs ! " and let the matter pass for the time. Events
tbat took place soon after, however, indicated that he had
reached a temper to use the noun without the adjective.
[The pine-tree shilling, as assayed at the United States mint
proved to be 926-1000 fine, and to weigh almost exactly sixty-
six grains ; its value, therefore, would be just about seventeen
cents of our present money. •
[A comet appeared in Orion, 9 December, and remained an
object of wonder for about a fortnight, or "tUl Mr. Cotton
died." [It was this year required that negroes and Indians should
perform military duty.] 1653.
On the 17th of March, the boundary line between Lynn and
Reading was established.
Samuel Bennet, carpenter, sold his corn miU to Thomas
Wheeler, 1 April, for £220.
This year, Mn Thomas Savage, of Boston, attached the Iron
Works, at Lynn, for the amount owed to him and Henry Webb.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1654, 1655. 235
On the 14th of September, a special court convened at Boston,
for the trial. Mr, Savage obtained for himself "£894 2s. and for
Henry Webb, £1351 6s. 9d. The total account of Mn John
Gifford, agent for the Company, was £16,284 7s. 4d,
[The Court ordered, 18 May, that Lynn be allowed ten pounds
per annum, " so long as the Iron Works shaU be continued,"
with a qualification relating to a former grant,]
liS54,
The selectmen of Boston agreed with Mn Joseph Jenks "for
an Ingine to carry water in case of fire." This was the first
fire engine made in America,
In August, the Court. fixed the prices of grain; Indian corn
at 3s,, rye and peas at 4s,, and wheat and barley at 5s, a bushel.
At a town meeting, on the 28th of December, a grant was
made to Edmund Farrington, allowing him the privilege to build
a grist-mill, in Water Hill street, on condition that grain should
be seasonably and faithfully ground; otherwise the privilege
was to revert to the town. [Mr, Lewis makes a mistake in
locating this privilege at Water HiU. The grant was for a tide
mill, which of course could not have been where he states: - It
was where Chase's mill was afterward built, at the point where
Summer street crosses the stream, a little above Needham's
Landing. Mr. John Raddin how (1864) owns the mill there.
[Mr. Whiting and Mr, Cobbet, " elders of Lyn," were appoint
ed overseers of Harvard College,]
1655,
This year Edmund Farrington built his miU on Water Hill,
A pond was dug by hahd, and the water brought from the old
brook, by a little canal about half a mile in length. This mill
was for many years the property of Benjamin Phillips, and in
1836 was purchased by Henry A, Breed, who dug out a new
pond of more than an acre, for a reservoir. [Nehemiah Berry
purchased the property a number of years since, and continues
the mill in successful operation. It long ago, however, ceased
to be a mere grist-niill. But Mr, Farrington did not build- his
mill here. His was a tide mill, and stood where Chase's was
afterward buUt, See under date 1654. See also page 128.]
Mr. John Gifford, agent of the Iron Company, having been
imprisoned on account ofthe pecuniary affairs of that establish
ment, a petition was sent from London to the General Court, for
his release. It was dated on the 27th of February and signed
by John Becx, WiUiam Greenhill, Thomas Foley, and Phebe
Frost- On the 23d of May, the General Court granted to Mn Joseph
Jenks a patent for an improved sythe, "for the more speedy

236 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1656.
cutting of grasse, for seven years," This improvement consisted
in lengthening the blade, making it thinner, and welding a square
bar on the back, to strengthen it, as in the modern sythe. Be
fore this, the old English blade was short and thick, like a bush
sythe. ^ [The Court, 23 May, " considering the urgent occasions of
the country respecting the bridg at Lyn," ordered that Edmund
Batter, George Gettings, Joseph Jewett, and Thomas Laighton,
be a committee to see that the bridge be completed forthwith.
And the next county court was directed to apportion the charge
to the towns in the 'county, according to the law made at that
session,]
1656,
This year the Rev. Thomas Cobbet relinquished his connec
tion with the cburcb at Lynn, and removed to Ipswich. He was
born at Newbury, in England, 1608. Though his father was
poor, he found means to gain admission at the University of
Oxford, wbich he left during the great sickness in 1625, and
became a pupil of Dr. Twiss, in his native town. He was after
ward a minister of the established Church. He came to Lynn
in 1637, and was welcomed by Mr. Whiting, witb whom he had
commenced a friendship in England. Mn Mather says, " they
were almost every day together, and thought it a long day if
they were not so ; the one rarely travelling abroad without the
other." Mr, Cobbet preached at Lynn nineteen years, and
twent3'--nine at Ipswich. In 1666, he preached tbe election
sermon, from II. Chronicles, xv, 2, He died on Thursday, 5
November, 1685, and was buried on the next Monday. At his
funeral were expended, one barrel of wine, £6 8s, ; two barrels
of cider, lis.; 82 pounds of sugar, £2 Is.; half a cord of wood,
4s. ; four dozen pairs of gloves, " for men and women," £5 4s. ;
with " some spice and ginger for the cider." It was the custom
at funerals to treat all the company with cider, which in cold
weather was heated and spiced. In the year 1711, the town
of Lynn paid for " half a barrel of cider for the widow Dis-
paw's funeral,. Wine was distributed when it could be afforded.
Gloves were commonly given to the bearers and the principal
mourners, and by the more wealthy, rings were sometimes
added, Mn Cobbet appears to have been much esteemed.
The following epitaph to his memory is one of the best of Mn
Mather's productions : '
Sta viator ; thesaurus hic jacet ;
Thomas Cobbetus ;
Cujus, nosti preces potentissimas, ac mores probatissimos,
Si es Nov-Anglus,
Mu-are, si pietatem colas ;
Sequere, si felicitatem optes. ,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1656. 237'
Stop, traveler, a treasure 's buried here ;
Our Thomas Cobbet claims the tribute tear.
His prayers were powerful, his manners pure.
As thou, if of New England's sons, art sure.
If thou reverest piety, adraire ;
And imitate, if bliss be thy desire.
Mr. Cobbet possessed good learning and abilities, and wrote
more books than any one of the early ministers of New England.
Among his works, were the following :
1. A Treatise Asserting the Right of the Magistrates to a
Negative Vote on the Resolves of the Representatives, 1643,
2, A Defence of Infant Baptism, 1645, This is said to have
been an admirable summary of the principal arguments for and
against the subject, and an able exposition of the error of those
who deny the validity of this important rite,
3, The Civil. Magistrates' Power in Matters of Religion, Mod
estly Debated, with a Brief Answer to a certain slanderous
pamphlet, called III News from New England; containing six
pages of grievous dedication to Oliver Cromwell, 1653.
4. A Practical Discourse on Prayer. 1654. Mr. Mather
remarks that, " of all the books written by Mr. Cobbet, none
deserves more to be read by the world, or to live till the gen
eral burning of the world, than that of Prayer."
5. A Fruitful and Useful Discourse, touching the Honor due
from Children to their Parents, and the Duty of Parents toward
their Children. London, 1656.
6. A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Order and Discipline.
7. A Treatise on the First, Second, and Fifth Command
ments. The following beautiful picture of the enduring affection of a
mother is from the discourse on the duties of children : " Des
pise not thy mother when she is old. When she was young,
yea, when she was middle aged, thou prisedst, and respectedst,
and did reverence and obey her ; do it as well when she is old ;
hold on doing of it to the last, ' Age may wear and waste a
mother's beauty, strength, parts, limbs, senses, and estate ; but
her relation of a mother is as the sun when he goeth forth in his
mighty for the ever of this life, that is, always in its meridian,
and knoweth no evening. The person ifiay be gray headed-,
but her motherly relation is ever in its flourish,' It may be
autumn, yea, winter, with the woman; but with the mother, as
a mother, it is always spring,"
In descanting on the duties of children, he says : -'How tender
were your parents of their dealings with men, to discharge a
good conscience therein ; of their very outward garb, what they
ware, and of what fashion, and the Uke; but you their chUdren
regard not what; you do, nor how you deal with others, nor what
you wear, nor of what fashion, so the newest. Did even your

238 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1656.
good father or grandfather wear such ruffianly hair upon their
heads ? or did your godly parents frisk from ohe new fahgled
fashion to another, as you do ? "
The following anecdote is related by Mn Mather. " The un
grateful inhabitants of Lynn one year passed a town vote, that
they could not allow their ministers above thirty pounds apiece
that year, for their salary ; and behold, the God who will not be
mocked, immediately caused the town to lose -three hundred
poTinds in tbat one specie of their cattle, by one disaster." With
his characteristic carelessness, Mr. Mather dees not give any
date to this fact, [nor any account of the disaster.]
Mr. Cobbet was much respected for his piety and the fervency
of his prayers. One ofthe soldiers in Philip's war, whose pame
was Luke, Perkins, says that when he was detached, in 1675, to|
go against the Indians, he went to request the prayers of ,Mr.[
Cobbet, who prayed that the company might be preserved, and
they all returned in safety. - ,
Some women of his neighborhood were one day attempting
some trick of witchery, when their minister appeared. " There,"
said one of them, " we can do no more ; there is old crooked
back Cobbet a coming."
Por a considerable time, he was in the practice of walking
from Ipswich to Boston, once in two weeks to attend Mr. Nor
ton's lecture, and to see his old friend, Mn Whiting. He ,used
to remark that it was worth a journey to Boston, " to hear one
of Mr. Norton's good prayers." [Mr. Lewis makes a singular
mistake here. It was not Mr. Cobbet who made these pedestri
an excursions, but a pious laymaf^ of Ipswich, one of Mr. Nor- /
ton's pld parishioners. Mr. Norton had been minister at Ipswich
fourteen years, leaving there in 1652.]
The parents of Mr. Cobbet came over some time after his
arrival. The name of his wife was Elizabeth, and he had four
sons; Samuel, who ^ graduated in 1663; Thomas, John, and
Eliezen Thomas Cobbet, Jn, who was a seaman at Portsmouth, was
taken prisoner by the Indians, in 1676, and carried to Penobscot.
After an absence of several weeks, he was released by Madock-
awando, the sachem, who received a red coat as a present. On
this subject, Mn Cobbet thus writes, in his letter to Increase
Mather : " As to what you quere, whether there were not an
swers to prayer respecting my captured son. Surely I may truly '
say his wonderfuU preservations in aU that 9 weeks time' after'
he was taken, and deliverance at the last, they will be piit on
that account as answers to prayer; for he 'was constantly plead-'
edfor by Mr. Moody in his congregation for that end, from bis
being first taken (of which they first heard) tiU his redemption.
So was he m hke sort pleaded for by Mn Shepard in his eongre-

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1656. i 239
gation at Cbarlestowne, and by my desire signified that way, by
Mr. PhiUips, Mn Higginson, Mn Buckley, in theyr congregations,
and I doubt not by yourself, Mr. Thatcher, Mr. AlUn, in the 3
Boston churches, besides the prayers going constantly that way
for him in the famUies and closets of godly ones, which heard
of his captivity and hazard. He was constantly, as there was
cause, remembered in our congregation for that end, and which
I may not omit to mention : When Mr Moody, by post sent
hither, sent me the first news of his taking by the Indians, and
their further rage in those parts, caUing out for further prayers —
(I presently caused one .of our Deacons to call to my house that
very day, as many godly men and theyr wives as were near us,
to spend some hours in prayer about the satae ; about 30 raet ;
several of them prayed ; Capt, Lord was with them in . it, and
with me also, who began and ended that service ; and having
beg'd some amends of our wasted son Eliezer at home as a
pledge of the desired mercies to our captived son abroad as
granted, my heart I must acknowledge, to the Lord'^s praise, was
sweetly guided in the course . of that service, and I was even
persuaded that the Lor(j,had heard our prayers in that respect,
and could not but express as much to some of our godly friends ;
so was one of our sisters (as since sbe ipformed my wife,) as
confidently persuaded that she should ere long see him returned,
and that in comfortable plight, as if he were already come," He
says that his son Eliezer began to amend, " insomuch that he
who before could not walk up and down the town without stag-
ering, could yet walk np that high hill (which you know ofj)
that is by Mr, Norton's, now our house,"
The great age to which many of the early settlers lived, is a
subject worthy of notice, Boniface Burton died in 1669, at the
great age of 113 years ; an age to which no person in Lynn,
since his time, bas attained, Joseph Rednap lived till be was
110 years of age, in the full possession of his faculties. In tbe
year 1635, when he was in his 80th year, we find a vote of the
town granting him lands at Nahant, for the purpose of pursuing
the trade of fishing; and be seems as enterprising at tbat age
as if he were just beginning active life, [I am afraid that much
exaggeration was formerly dealt in with respect to the ages
of old people. It is quite certain tbat Mr, Rednap, for instance,
died at about the age of 90 ; see notice of him on page 127,]
Henry Styche was an efficient workman at the Iron Foundry in
the year 1653, and was then 103 years .of age. How many
years longer he lived, history has not informed us, Christopher
Hussey was pursuing his active and useful life, in 1685, when
he was shipwrecked on the coast of Florida, at the age of 87
years. This great longevity and good health of the early set
tlers, may probably be referred to 'the regularity of their habits,

240 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1657.
and the simplicity of their diet. They seldom ate meat, a,nd
they generally retired to rest soon after sunset. A pitch pine
torch in the chimney corner, served to illuminate the common
room, untu the family prayer was said; and then the boys and
girls retired to tbeir respective chambers, to undress in the dark.
Nor did they steam themselves to death over hot iron. Cook
stoves were unknown, and no fire was put into a meeting-house,
except the Quaker, until 1820.
[Robert Keayne, the wealthy merchant of Boston, before
alluded to, died this year. He appears to^have had a high re
gard for many of the Lynn people, arising, perhaps, from asso
ciations pertaining to bis only son, Benjamin, who resided here
for a time. In his wUl appear the foUowing bequests: "To
.'m"^ Whiting, one of the Teaching EWs at Lyn, fforty shiUings."
" To m"^ Cobit, the other Teaching Elder at Lyn, forty shUlings."
In a codicU, dated 28 Dec, 1653, he adds : " I have forgott one
Loveing Couple more that came not to my minde till I was
shutting vp ; that is Cap* Bridges & wife, [of Lynn,] to whom I
give forty shiUings," Also, " To Robert Rand, of Lyn, Some
time .my Servant, forty shillings,"] 1657.
Having purchased Nahant of the Indian Sagamore, for a suit
of clothes, Thomas Dexter was not disposed to sit down in
unconcern, when the town made known their intention of divid
ing it into lots for the benefit of all the people. At a town
meeting, held 24 February, 1657, the following order was taken :
" It was voted that Nahant should be laid out in planting lotts,
and every householder should have equal in the dividing of it,
noe man more than another; and every person to clear his lot
of wood in six years, and he or they that do not clear their lotts
ofthe wood, shall pay fifty shiUings forthe towne's use. Alsoe
every householder is to have his and their lotts for seaven
years, and it is to be laid down for a pasture for the towne ;
and in the seventh, every one that hath improved his lott by
planting, shall then, that is, in the seventh year, sow their lott
with EngUsh corne ; and in every acre of land as they improve,
they shall, with their English corne, sow one bushel of EngUsh
bay seed, and soe proportionable to all the land that is improved,
a bushel of hay seed to one acre of land, and it is to be remem
bered, that no person is to raise any kind of buUding at aU ; and
for laying out tbis land tbere is choSen Francis Ingals, Henry
Collins, James Axee, Adam Hawckas, Lieut. Thomas Marshall.
John Hathorne, Andrew Mansfield." (Mass. Archives.)
This record is valuable, as it exhibits several interesting par
ticulars. It shows that the purchase of Nahant; by Mr. Dexter,
was not considered valid — it exhibits the most impartial speci-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1657.1 241
men of practical democracy in this country,*the lots being ap
portioned to each householder equally, "noe man more than
another " — it furnishes an explanation of the cause and manner
of Nahant being so entirely cleared of the beautiful wood which
once grew upon it — and it shows that Nahant was early planted
with English corn, that is, with wheat. On the passing of this
order, Mr, Dexter commfenced a suit against the town for occu
pying it. The people held a town meeting, in whicb 'they ap
pointed Thomas Laighton, George Keysar, Robert Coats, and
Joseph Armitage, a committee to defend their right. At the
Salem Court, which began on the third of June, the following
depositions were given :
] . " Edward L-eson, aged 57 yeares or there abouts, swome, saith, that
liveing with Mr, Thomas Dexter, I carried the fencing stufFe which master
Dexter sett up to fence in Nahant, his part with the rest of the Inhabitants,
and being and living with mr. Dexter, I never heard him say a word of his
buying of Nahant, but only bis interest in Nahant for his fencing wi,th the rest
of the inhabitants ; this was about 25 yeares since ; and aftei- this fence was
sett up at nahant, all the new comers were to give two shillings sixpence a
head or a piece vnto the setters up of the fence or inhabitants, and sorae of
Salem brought Cattell alsoe to nahant, which were to give soe."
2. " The Testimony of Samuel Whiting, senior, of the Towne of Linne,
Saith, that Mr. Humphries did desire that mr, Eaton and his cojppany might
not only buy Nahant, but the whole Towne of Linne, and that mr. Cobbet and
he and others of the Towne went to mr. Eaton to offer both to him, and to
commit themselves to the providence of God ; and at that tirae there was none
that laid claim to or pleaded any interest in nahant, Save the town, and at
that time farmer Dexter lived in the Towne'of Linne."
The person to whom Lynn was thus offered for sale, was The
ophilus Eaton, afterward governor of Connecticut. He came
to Boston, 26 June, 1637, and went to New Haven, in August,
of the same year.
3, " The Deposition of Daniel Salmon, aged about 45 yeares, saith, that he
being master Humphreyes servant, and about 2.3 yeares agon, there being
wolves in nahant, commanded that the whole traine band goe to drive theiji
out, because it did belong to the whole towne, and farmer Dexter's men being
then at training, went with the rest."
4. " This I, Joseph Armitage, aged 57 or there abouts, doe testifie, that
about fifteen or sixteen yeares agoe, wee had a generall towne meeting in Lin ;
at that meeting there was inuch discourse about nahant ; the raen that did
first fence at nahant and by an act of generall court did apprehend by fencing
that nahant was theu-es, rayself by purchase baveing a part therein, after rauch
agitation in the meeting, and by persuasion of mr. Cobbit, they that then did
plead a right by fencing, did yield up all their right freely to the Inhabitants
ofthe Towne, of which Thomas Dexter, senior, was one."
5, " We, George Sagomore and the Sagomore of Agawam, doe testify that
Duke William, so called, did sell all Nahant unto fiarmer Dexter for a suite
of Cloathes, which cloathes flfarmer Dexter had again, and gave vnto Duke
William, so called, 2 or 3 coates for it agam." [Signed by the marks of the
two sagamores.]
6, " This I, Christopher Linsie, doe testifie, that Thomas Dexter bought
Nahant of Blacke Will, or Duke William, and employed me to fence part of it
when I lived with Thomas Dexter,"
U 16

242 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1657.
7. " I, John Legg, %ed 47 years pr thereabouts, doe testifie, that when I
was Mr. Humphreys sei-vant, there came unto my master's house one Blacke
Will, as wee call him, an Indian, with a compleate Suit on his backe ; I asked
him where he had that suit ; he said he had it of ffarmer Dexter, and he had
sould him Nahant for it,"
Depositions were also given by Richard Walker, Edward Hol
yoke, George Farr, William Dixey, William Witter, John Rams-
deU, John Hedge, WUHam Harcher, and others, [And it i-s fair
to give Mr, Dexter's own statement of his case, on the appeal.
It was evidently drawn up by one skilled in legal proceedings :
1. The Plaintiff pleadeth his right therin and thereto by purchase of the
Indians, above 26 years now past, who were then the lawful owners thereof,
as by the testimony off Jno. Legg, Wm. Witter, George Sagamore, Sagamore
of Aguwame. 2. The Pit. pleadeth his possession y^'off by fencing and other
improvement, as by the testimony of Wm. Witter and John Legg, Capt. Traske
and Mrs. Whiteing, 3. The Plaintiff humbly comendeth to the consideration
ofthe Honoured Court, (1,) That the purchase was by no law then prohibited
or made voyd, but hath since, by act of the General Court, Octo, 19, 1652,
vvT-itten lawes, ben confirmed as being a:ccording to God's word ; , , , .
. . . . . . , also divers examples that might be instanced of sundry
persons y* do injoy those lands, which, in the infancy of these plantacons, they
came by their possessions in like manner. (2.) That as yet no act or instru
ment made or signed by the Plaintiff hath appeared to manifest any alienacon
thereof to the defendants. (3.) That they are parties which testify against
the Plaintiff, and that for and in then- owne behalfe, and many of them such
as have in a disorderly manner ingaged themselves in a special manner against
the PMintiff and his right; as may appear by the testimony of Ri. Woodey;
their combinacon of assaulting his person, &c, (4.) That if there be no reme
dy but what they will swea- must passe as truth, (although the Plaintiff con
ceives it to be vei-y false,) yet nevertheless the Plaintiff conceiveth himself to
be wronged in that he had no part found for him, whenas, by yr owne oath
and confession, as he was an Inhabitant of Lin, so he had a shai-e with them,
the which as yet they have not swome, as he conceiveth, that he either gave it
them or any other, and therefore seemg he sued but for his interest therein,
whether more or less, he marvelleth y' such a verdict should be brought against
hira, and humbly entreateth i-eleif therefi-om by this Honored Court,
24 (6) 57, [24 Aug, 1657.] Thomas Dexter.]
_Mr. Dexter was afterward granted liberty to tap the pitch
pine trees on Nahant, as he had done before, for the purpose
of making tar.
A vessel owned by Captain Thomas Wiggin, of Portsmouth,
was wrecked on the Long Beach, and the saUs, masts, anchor,
&c. purchased by Thomas Wheeler, on the third of June.
Sagamore Wenepoykin petitioned the General Court, on the
twenty-first of May, that he might possess some land, formerly
owned by his brother, caUed Powder Horn HiU, in Chelsea. He
was referred to the county court.
[John Aldeman, of Salem, by will dated 3 July, bequeaths
one cow to Mn Whiting, of Lynn, and one to Mn Cobbet. He
also gives " one cow and one cave to y« Indians y' Mr. Eliot
doth preach vnto."]

ANNALS OF LTNN — 1658. 243
^16 5 8.
At the Court of Assistants, on the 13th of May, the towns
of Lynn, Reading, and Chelsea, received permission to raise a
troop of horse, [and choose their own officers " provided they
be not fferry free, nor have five shUlings yeerly allowed tbem
from the country, as other troopers have."]
At the Quarterly Court, on tbe 29th . of June, Lieutenant ,
Thomas Marshall was authorized to perform the ceremony of
marriage, and to take testimony in civil cases. [Mr. Lewis
seems to have taken this Lieut. Marshall to have been Capt.
MarshaU, of Lynn ; but I think he was another person and resid
ed elsewhere. There were several of the name of Thomas
Marshall, in the colony. Capt. Marshall, of Lynn, the jolly land
lord of tbe " Blew Anchor " tavern, was, indeed empowered to
perform the nuptial ceremony, but not till the next year. See
second paragraph under date 1659. And it. appears pretty cer
tain that at the time of,his appointment there could have been
no other in Lynn authorized to join in marriage, for the appoint
ment is prefaced by the declaration that there are " seuerall
tonnes w'Mn this jurisdiction who are not only remote from any
magistrate, but also destitute of any person impowered to so
lemnize marriage, tbe want whereof is an occasion of sometjmes
disappointment." And herein we have certain evidence that the
early ministers had no power to marry ; perhaps because the
authorities chose to look upon marriage as a mere civil contract ;
swerving to the opposite of those high churchmen who were
charged with regarding it in the light of a sacrament.]
This year there was a great earthquake in New Englan(^,
connected, with which is the following story :
Some time previous, on a pleasant evening, a little after
sunset, a small vessel was seen to anchor near the mouth of
Saugus river. A boat was presently lowered from her side, into
which four men descended, and moved up the river a considera
ble distance, when they landed, and proceeded directly into the
woods. They had been noticed by only a few individuals ; but
in those early times, when the people were surrounded by dan
ger, and easily susceptible of alarm, such an incident was well
calculated to awaken suspicion, and in the course ofthe evening
the inteUigence was'conveyed to mady houses. In the morning,
the people naturally directed their eyes towards the shore, in
search of the strange vessel — but she was gone, and no trace
could be found either of her or her singular crew. It was after
ward ascertained that, on that morning, one of the men at the
Iron Works, on going into the foundry, discovered a paper, on
which was written, that if a quantity of shackles, handcuff^,
hatchets, and other articles of iron manufacture, were made and

244 ANNALS OP LTBQI — 1658
deposited, with secresy, in a certain place in tne woods, which
was particularly designated, an amount of silver, to their full
value, ^ould be found in their place, Tbe articles were made
in a few days, and placed in conformity with the directions. On
the next morning they were gone, and the money was found
according to the promise ; but though a watch had been kept,
no vessel was seen. Some months afterward, the four men
returned, and selected one of the most secluded and romantic
spots in the wo.ods bf Saugus, for their abode. The place of
their retreat was a deep, narrow valley, shut in on two sides by
high hiUs and craggy, precipitous rocks, and shrouded on the
others by thick pines, hemlocks, and cedars, between which
there was only one smaU spot to which the rays of the sun, at
noon, could penetrate. On climbing up the rude and almost
perpendicular steps of the rock on tbe eastern side, the eye
could command a fuU view of the bay on the south, and a pros
pect of a considerable portion of the surrounding country. The
place of their retreat has ever since been called the Pirates'
Glen, and they could not have selected a spot on the coast, for
many mUes, more favorable for tbe purposes both of conceal
ment and observation. Even at this day, when the neighbor
hood bas become thickly peopled, it is stiU a lonely and desolate
place, and probably not one in a hundred of the inhabitants has
ever descended into its silent and gloomy recess. There the
pirates buUt a smaU hut, made a garden, and dug a well, the
appearance of which is stUl visible. It has been supposed that
they buried money ; but though people have dug there, and in
several other places, none has ever been found. After residing
there some time, tfceir retreat became known, and one of the
king's cruisers appeared on the coast. They were traced to
the glen, and three of them were taken and carried to England,
where it is probable they were executed. The other, whose
name was Thomas Veal, escaped to a rock in the woods, about
two miles to the north, in which was a spacious cavern, where
the pirates had previously deposited some of their plunden
There the fugitive fixed his residence, and practised the trade
of a_ shoemaker, occasionally coming down to the vUlage to
obtain articles of sustenance. He continued bis residence tiU
the great earthquake this year, when the top of the rock was
loosened, and crushed down into the mt)uth of the cavern,
enclosing the unfortunate inmate, in its unyielding prison. It
has ever since been caUed the Pirate's Dungeon
[By his romantic labor in thus gathering together detached
and dim traditions, and gmng them a connected form and local
habitation,_Mn Lewis has suc.ceeded in exciting a lively interest
in many mmds where a love ofthe marveUous could hardly have
been supposed to exist. Without any desire to obliterate tha

ANNALS^ OP LTNN — 1658. 245
glowing impressions which a fond credulity loves to cherish, it
seems a duty^to inquire as to the foundation on which these
stories rest. No recorded evidence has been discovered respect
ing the persons and transactions so circumstantially brought to
view. Among the records of the various courts, which abound
in allusions, at least, to matters of even the most trivial signifi
cance, nothing is found. And none of the gossiping old writers
who deUghted especiaUy to dwell upon whatever partook of the
wonderful and mysterious make any mention of these things.
The alleged abode of the pirates was almost within a stone's
throw ofthe Iron Works, which were in operation at the time ;
and yet we find no evidence that any about the Works even
suspected the neighborhood of the outlaws. I once directly
questioned Mr. Lewis as to whence be obtained the information ;
but he declined answering. It has, however, been understood
that he simply claimed the authority of tradition ; and is said to
have remarked that his inquiries on the subject were induced
by the same sort of evidence that induced his inquiries concern
ing the Iron Works. But however the researches may have
commenced, they must have been pursued under very different
circumstances. A glance at the colony records, would at once
have assured any one ofthe existence ofthe Iron Works, And
in recorded deeds they are again and again mentioned, as well
as in the filed depositions of individuals connected with thera.
They were about as iraportant in their day, as is the raint of
the United States in this. And besides, at tbis very hour may
be seen the heaps of scoria which were ejected from tbeir sooty
portals, Mr. Hiram Marble, who is now engaged in excavating
Dungeon Rock,. probably has much more faith in the supposed
spiritual revelations that day by day are vouchsafed him, than
he could have in any traditions. And if he should, under the
spiritual guidance, discover hidden treasure, and traces of a
piratical abode within the rock, then it will be deemed a triumph
of spiritualism entirely eclipsing the few obscure, discordant
traditions that float up from an age of mysteries,
[It was in 1852, that Mr, Marble purchased frora the City of
Lynn the lot of woodland in which the Dungeon Rock is situ
ated. He came hither, a stranger, enticed by alleged clairvoy
ant revelations, and immediately commenced the laborious task
of excavation. And he has continued to ply tbe ponderous
<( drUls and rending blasts for these twelve years with a courage
and faith almost sublime. His faith surely has not been without
works nor his courage barren of results. And centuries hence,
if his name and identity should be lost, the strange labor may
be referred to some recluse cyclops who had strayed hither
from mystic lands, Tbe rock is of very bard porphyry, and the
work has been so extremely uncomfortable and hazardous, that
U* ¦ '

246 ANNALS OP LTNN ^1658.
very few would have persisted in it. The course of the exca
vation is irregular, and such as a sensible mortal might avoid, as
involving great waste of labon But it is declared to be pursued
under spiritual direction, the unseen superintendents — the re
doubtable Veal among the rest — being constantly at liand to
direct where a blast should be made. As it can readily be
beUeved that no mortal would give such apparently erratic
directions, spiritual interposition raay as weU be referred to for
an explanation. _ .»_
[Mr. Marble is a man by no means deficient in inteUigence ;
and he is an energetic and persevering enthusiast — just such a
person as often accompUshes great things, either directly or
indirectly. He is of medium size, has a bright, quick eye, and
wears a fiowing beard, of sandy hue, whicli does not always
bear evidence of having immediately been under the restraining
discipline of a comb. He is communicative, and in his conver
sation there runs a pleasant vein of jocularity. He is now'
verging upon old age, and his health has become soraewhat
impaired, probably through the severity of his labors in that
damp, dark cavern. He is ready to converse on bis pla,ns, fears,
and hopes ; and with great good nature, and some times with
an apparently keen relish, alludes to the jeers and taunts of
those who seera 'disposed to rank bim with lunatics. It is
' refreshing to observe his faith and perseverance, and impossible
not to conclude tbat he derives real satisfaction and enjoyment
from bis undertaking. He informs me tbat the spirit of Mr,
Lewis has appeared, and through a writing medium endeavored
to cheer hira by words of approval and promise. That being
tbe case, Mr. Lewis must surely have changed his sentiments
since be left this world, for he was greatly incensed against
those who laid their destroying hands upon the interesting
objects of nature within our borders. And the reader, by
referring to the first paragraph under date 1834, wUl see how
indignantly be has expressed himself in regard to former
attempts on the integrity of this very rock. The hope of find
ing hidden treasure has been the incentive to labors here, on
a small scale, in forraer years ; and it is presumed that Mr. Mar
ble would hot disclaim a kindred motive in his extraordinary
application ; secondary, perhaps, to a due anxiety " to establish
a great truth."
[At the close of the year 1863 the passage excavated had
reached a hundred and thirty-five feet, and was of the average
height and width of seven feet. Mn Marble — who, by the
way is a native of Charlton, in Worcester county, and was born
in 1803 — wheik he undertook the labor had about fifteen hun
dred dollars which he devoted to the enterprise ; and that fund
being exhausted, he bas for the last eight years received his

/
ANNALS OP LTNN — 1658, 247
support and been enabled to continue his work, by the dona
tions of visitors. He is accustomed, whenever in doubt as to the
course he should pursue, to apply for spiritual direction, and
seldom or never conceives his application to be in vain. The
following may be given as a fair specimen of his singular corres
pondence, the originals being at hand whUe we write. And
that he has perfect confidence in thera as genuine coramunica-
tions from disembodied spirits is beyond question, Tbe manner
in which he conducts his unique correspondence, raay be illus
trated by explaining the way in which the coraraunication from
¥eal was obtained. He states that he wrote' the request in this
form: " I v^sh Veal or Harris would tell what move to make next,"
He wrote it in a room, while entirely alone, and folded the paper
in such a manner that the writing was covered by fifteen thick
nesses. The medium was then called, and merely feeling of the
exterior bf the folded paper, took a pencil and wrote what the
spirit of Veal gave, through him, as the. response. The one
called Captain Harris is ;iupposed to have been the' leader of the
piratical band.
Response or Veal : " My dear charge : You solicit me or Captain Han-is
to advise you as to what to next do. Well, as Harris says he has always the
heft ofthe load on his shoulders, I -will try and respond myself, ahd let Hams
rest Ha ! ha ! Well, Mai-ble, we must joke a bit ; did we not, we should
have the blues, as do you, some of those rainy days, when you see no living
person at the rock save your own dear ones. Not a sound do you hear save
the woodpecker and that little gray bird, [a doihesticated canary,] that sings
all the day long, more especially wet days, tittry, tittry, titti-y, "all day long.
But, Marble, as Long [a deceased fi-iend of Mr. Marble, spoken of below,]
says, don't be discouraged. We are doing as fast as we can. As to the course,
you are in the right direction, at present. You have one more cui-ve to raake,
before you take the course that leads to the cave. We have a reason for keep
ing you from entering the cave at once. Moses was by the Lord kept forty
yeai^ in his circuitous route, ere he had sight of that land which flowed with
milk and honey. God had his purpose in so doing, notwithstanding he might
have led Moses into the promise in a very few days from the start. But no ;
God wanted to develop a ti-uth, and no faster than the minds of the people
were prepared to receive it. Cheer up, Marble ; we are with you, and doing
all we can. Your guide, Tom Veal,"
[It seems proper to present another illustration of this singu
lar phase of human credulity ; and we give one that purports to
come from tbe spirit of the Mr. Long, who is alluded to in the
response of Veal, and who died in 1851. He was a man of
good character, and a steadfast friend of Mr. Marble. One of
the most suspicious things, in our view, concerning him is, that
going out of tbis world with an untarnished reputation, and with
the seal of good orthodox churchmembership, he should so soon
be found concerting with pirates to allure his old friend into
labors so severe and unfruitful. The rhetorical flourish about

248 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1658.
miUions of years, near the close, would be thought weakening,
did it come from a raortal. 'The Edwin alluded to is Mr.
Marble's son, who has faithfully borne a heavy share in the
operations, and is, if possible, a more confirmed spiritualist
than his father,
Reqtjest of Mr, Marble : " Friend Long, I want you to advise me what
to do."
Response op Long: "My dear Marble, I have nothing to advise above
what Captain Veal and Harris have already advised. We act in concert m
evei-y thing given you, I am aware you feel not discouraged ; but you feel
that after Jen years' hard labor, you should have had more encouragement
than you have seemingly had. But, dear one, we have done the most we
could for you, and though we may be slow to advise you in reference to that
which your highest ambition seems to be — the establishment of a truth
which but few comparatively now credit, or cannot believe, from the gross
ness of their minds. But, Marble, you have done a work that will tell, when
you shall be as I am. The names of Hiram and Edwin Marble will live when
millions of years shall from this time have passed, and when even kings and
statesmen shall have been forgotten. The names of Hiram Marble and Dun
geon Rock shall be fresh on the memories of the inhabitants that then exist.
What shall you do ? seems to be the question. Follow your own calculations
or impressions, for they are right. Yours as ever, C, B, Long,"
[These curious comraunications are introduced for more than
one purpose. They show something of the kind of encourage
ment Mr. Marble receives in his arduous labors. And they
likewise show something of modern spiritualism, whicb now pre
vails to some extent throughout the civilized world. Lynn has
had a good share of believers, some of whom were among the
intelligent and refined. It will be observed that the orthogra
phy and mode of expression in the response of Veal, who, if he
were ever in this world, was here in 1658, are in the style ofthe
present day. This might give rise, in a critical mind, to a strong
suspicion. Indeed it is not easily explained excepting on.the
supposition that the medium, after aU, acts -himself, in part —
and if so, in how great a part ? — or the supposition that the
spirits of the departed are enabled to continue on in the pro
gressive learning of this sphere ; or by taking a bolder sweep
and at once awarding to the spirits the attribute of omniscience.
There are difficulties in the way of reasoning in such matters,
because tbey lie in that mystic province into which no human
vision can penetrate — where the vagrant imagination ^so often
revels undisturbed. And then again, tbe allusion to sacred
things, in Veal's response, does not seem in exact accordance
with- tbe character of an abandoned outlaw.
[SpirituaUsm, however, in the case of Mn Marble, seems to
have been productive of good. He states tbat he was formerly
an unmitigated infidel, having no sort of belief in man's immor
tality. Even for some time after he commenced his labors at

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1658, 249
Dungeon Rock, he clung to his frigid principles. And it was
not till after repeated exhibitions of what he was forced to
receive as spiritual manifestations, around him, that his old
opinions began to' loosen. To minds constituted essentially
like that of Mr. Marble, and there are a great many, tbe doc
trines of spiritualism must coramend themselves as fond reali
ties : and they bringing consolation and trust. And they are
docwines which, under different naraes and forms have existed
ever since the world began. It raust be a strong incentive that
could induce a man to quit tbe ordinary pursuits of life, and
take up his abode in a lonely forest, as Mr, Marble has done,
there devoting years to the severest toil, and undergoing so
many and great privations,
[In a late conversation, Mr, Marble expressed a desire that
the facts regarding his enterprise might be stated in this history,
to the^end that the people of future generations might .have
some data by which to judge concerning the pretensions of the
spiritualists of this<period; saying that if he should discover,
soraewhere in the interior of that hill of rock, a cave containing
treasure, and evidences of ancient occupancy, all according to
the lavish assurances he bas been daily receiving from the spirit
host, the truths of spiritualism will be considered most strongly
fortified, if not established. There is wisdom and fairness in
this. And on tbe other hand, failure will teach a useful lesson,
a lesson that will remain before the eyes of men so long as tbe
rock itself endures. In either event, the Dungeon Rock is
destined to be forever faraous ; to remain a monument of irra
tional credulity or triumphant faith.
[A few words should be added regarding the Pirates' Glen.
This remarkable locality, though exactly the opposite of the
Dungeon Rock in some of its principal features, being a deep
ravine instead of a commanding elevation, stUl possesses rare
attractions, notwithstanding its fame has become so eclipsed.
During the last score of years, a great portion of the wood in
the vicinity has been swept off. The axe is the most unsenti
mental of instruments, and by its ravages much of the forraer
grandeur and beauty of the scene has been extinguished. Quite
enough remains, however, to abundantly compensate the visitor
who enjoys nature in her more untamed aspect. On a recent
visit I took particular notice of the old well frora which the
pirates are supposed to have drawn their supplies. It was cer
tainly excavated by huraan hands and if the fact were once
established, tbat pirates dwelt there, it raight be fair to refer
the work to thera. But the reasoning which claims the exist
ence of the well as proof of the residence of the pirates, is no
more conclusive than that which claims the fact that the Dun
geon Rock was riven by an earthquake and a portion projected

250 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1659.
forward, as proof that a cave was thereby closed up and a pirate
entombed alive, with his treasure. The well may have been
dug for the convenience of those employed in the woods. Be
ing in a swampy place, and hence requiring but little depth, a
few hours were sufficient for the labor of excavation. The
water ordinarily stands almost at the surface. The Glen would
have furnished a most apt place for the jolly iron workers and
their sweethearts to retire to, on a summer holiday, to pif'sue
their sports and drink their punch. And the convenience of a
well would have been to them worth the small labor of the
'digging. It may be remarked in passing, that the evidence
of the splitting of Dungeon Rock, by the earthquake of this
/year, is not the most satisfactory. But it is not an agreeable
task to reason against what a doting iraagination has long held in
keeping. And, moreover, it becomes one to be wary in making
aggressive suggestions on these mysterious topics, lest Mr,
Marble's future success should turn the laugh upon him.]
1659,
A road was laid out from Lynn to Marblehead, over the
Swampscot beaches', on the fifth of July, In reference to the
part between Ocean street and King's Beach, the comraitte say,
"it has been a country -highway thirty and odd years, to the
knowledge of many of us."
[Captain Marshall, of Lynn, was empowered by the General
Court, 18 October, to join in marriage such persons in Lynn as
might desire his services in that interesting connection, they
"being published according to lawe."]
At the Quarterly Court, on the 29th of November, "Thomas
MarshaU, of Lynn, is alowed by this court, to seU stronge water
to trauiUers, and aJso other meet provisions."
The General Court had passed some very severe laws against
the people called Friends or Quakers, forbidding any even to
admit thera into their houses, under a penalty of forty shUlings
an houn Mn Zacheus Gould bad offended against this order,
for which he was arraigned by the Court. On tbe 25th of No
vember, "the deputies having heard of what Zacheus Gould
hath alleged in Court, in reference to his entertainment of Qua-
kers,_ do think it meet that the rigor of the law in that case
provided, be exercised upon bim, but considering his ingenious
confession, and profession of his ignorance of the law ; and he
also having long attended tbe Court, do judge that he shaU only
be admonished for his offence by the governor, and so be dis-
missed the court, and aU with reference to the consent of our
honored magistrates hereto," This decision of the deputies
was sent to the magistrates, and returned with this endorse
ment : " The magistrates consent not thereto." So it is proba-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1660. 251
ble that Mr, Gould was compeUed to pay his fine, [The Court
ordered that Mr, Gould pay a fine of three pounds. But the fine
was remitted, 31 May, 1660, in consideration of the great loss,
by fire, which he had recently sustained.]
The Court this year enacted that the festival of Christmas
should not be observed, under a penalty of five shillings,
1660,,
Mr, Adam Hawkes coraraenced a suit, in June, against Oliver
Purchis, agent for the Iron Company, for damage by overflow
ing his land. The following papers relating to this subject,
were found in the filcB ofthe Quarterly Court,
The deposition of Joseph Jenks, senior, saith, that having conference vrith
adam hawkes about the great dam at the L-on works at Lin, he complayned
that he suffered great damage by the water flowing his gi/ound, I answered
him, I thought you had satisfaction for all from the old companie ; he said he
had from the old company, and fmther saith not.
This I, Charles Phillopes do testifie, that I, keepeing of the watter at the
Irone Workes, since Mr. Porchas came there, Mr, Porchas did att all times
charge me to keepe the watter Lowe, that it might not damage Mr, Hawkes,
which I did, and had much ill will ofthe workmen for the same.
Others testified that tbe lands had been much overflowed.
Francis Hutchinson said, that the water had been raised so
high, that the bridge before Mr. Hawkes's house had several
times been broken up, and " the peces of teraber raised up and
Made Swerae," John Knight and Thomas Wellman were ap
pointed to ascertain the damage. They stated tbat tbe corn
had been " Much Spoilled," and the wells " sometiraes ffloted ; "
that the English grass had been rauch daraaged, and the to
bacco lands rauch injured, " in laying them so Coulld," They
judged the damage to be the "ualloation of ten pounds a
yeere." [This year Charles II, took possession of the throne of Eng
land, Joseph Jenks, Jr., who worked with bis father at tbe
Iron Works, and who seeras not to have been very strongly
attached to the monarch, was accused of treason, having, proba
bly during sorae free and easy discussion with the other work
men, or perhaps in a political dispute with the dignitaries
asserabled at the tavern, after the labors of the day, raade
divers careless reraarks that did not favorably strike the loyal
minds. He was brought before tbe Court on the first of the
next April, and several depositions were raade against him,
Nicholas Pinion deposed that he " did heere Joseph Jinks, jun,
say that if he hade the king heir, he wold cutte of his head and
make a football of it," Thomas Tower testified that when the
king's name was mentioned Mr, Jenks said, " I should rather
that his head were as his father's, rather than he should come

252 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1661, 1662, 1663.
to England to set up popery there." Several others testified to
simUar speeches. He was imprisoned while the' case remain
ed undetermined, the punctUious authorities probably taking a
strict view of the unbailable character of treason. While in
durance, Mn Jenks wrote a long letter to the Court ; and they
finally decided that the words proved against him, " were all
too weak to prove him guilty of treason,"]
1661.
" At a Generall Towne Meetinge, the 30th of December, 1661,
vpon the request of DanieU Salmon for some land, in regard he
was a soldier att the Pequid warrs, and it was ordered by vote
that Ensign John ffuUer, Allen Breed, senior, and Richard John
son, should vew the land adjoyninge to his house lott, and to
giue report of it vnto the next towne meetinge."
[" The canker worm," says John Hull, writing this year,
"hath for fower years devoured most of the apples in Boston."
And he adds that the apple trees, in June, look as if it were 'No-
vemben So those pests are not especiaUy a modern infliction,
in this vicinity, as some have supposed.]
1662,
Mr. WiUiara Lobgley prosecuted the town, for not lajting out
to him forty acres of land, according to the division of 1638,
The, case was defended by John Hathorne and Henry Collins,
In March, the Court decided that he should have the forty acres
of land or forty pounds in money, [For some curious facts
connected with this matter, see page 175.]
On 13 May, the boundary line between Lynn and Boston was
marked. It ran " from tbe middle of Bride's brooke, where the
foot path now goeth." This line has since become the boundary
between Saugus and Chelsea.
[This year, the price of oak wood was one shilling and six
pence a cord.
[It was customary, at this period, for Indians to bring ches
nuts hither, for sale. They usually sold them at a shiUing a
bushel.] For the first time since the organization of the general gov-
ernment, in 1634, the town of Lynn sent no representative,
16 6 3.
On tbe evening of 26 January, there was an earthquake. [It
took place about twUight, and proved quite severe ; chimneys
feU. and in many instances people were forced to seize upon
supports to prevent faUing. On the evening of the fifth of the
next month another earthquake occurred ; in some places doors
opened and shut, walls split, bells rang, and floors feU. And

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1663. 253
between that time and July, some thirty shocks took place. In
most cases the earth seemed to undulate, as if upon stupendous
waves, rolling from the northwest. In some instances ponds
were dried up, the courses of streams changed, trees torn up,
and hiUs riven.]
Mr. John Hathorne complained to the church at Lynn, that
Andrew Mansfield and William Longley had given false testi
mony in^the recent land case, for which they were censured.
They appealed to the county court, accusing Mr. Hathorne of
slander, of which he was found guilty, and sentenced to pay a
fine of £10, and make a public acknowledgraent in the meeting
house at Lynn ; or else to pay £20 and costs. [See notice of
Richard Longly, page 175.] On the fourth of AprU, the court
directed the following letter to the church at Lynn.
Reverend and loving Friends and'Brethren : We understand that John Hath
orne hath accused Andrew Mansfield and William Longley in the church of
Lynn, for giving a false testiraony against himself and Hem-y Collins, at the court
of Ipswich, in March this was 12 month, and for which the said Mansfield and
Longley stand convicted in the cburch, and finding themselves aggrieved
thereat, hath brought their complaint against the said Hathorne in several
actions of slander, which hath had a full and impartial hearing, and due
examination, and by the verdict of the jury the said Hathorne is found guilty.
Now because it is much to be desired that contrary judgments in one and the
same case may be prevented, if possibly it may be attained, and one power
strive not to clash against the other, we thought it expedient, before we give
judgment in the case, to commend the same to the serious consideration and
further exaraination of the ch*-ch. We doubt not but that there hath been
even raore than a few both in the words and carriage of all the parties con
cerned, (though not the crime alleged), which if it may please God to put
into their hearts to see and own so as raay give the church opportunity and
cause to change their mind and reverse their censures, so far as concerns the
paiticular case in questiori, we hope it will be acceptable to God, satisfactory
to ourselves and others, and the beginning of their own peace and quiet, the
disturbance whereof hitherto we are very sensible of, and shall at all times be
ready to afford them our best relief, as we may have opportunity or cognizance
thereof. Had you been pleased, before your final conclusion, to have given
us the grounds of your oflence, we should kindly have resented such a request,
and probably much of your ti-ouble might have been prevented. We have
deferred giving judgment in this case till the next session of this Court, to see
what effect this our motion may have with them. Now the God of peace and
wisdom give them understanding in all things, and guide them to such conclu
sions, in this and all other causes of concernment, as may be agreeable to his
will, and conducing to your peace and welfare. So pray yom- friends and
brethren. By order ofthe County Court, at Ipswich. Robert Lord, Clerk.
To this letter Mr. Whiting made the following reply, on the
fourth of May :
Honored and beloved in the God of 'love : We have received your letter,
which you have been pleased to send to us, wherem we gerceive^how tender
you are of our peace, and how wisely careful you declare yourselves to be in
JDreventing any clash that might arise , between the civil and ecclesiastical
powers, for which we desire to retum thanks fi-om our hearts to God and
V

254 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1663.
unto you concerning the matter you signify to us ; what ^our pleasure is that
we should attend unto, we m all humility of mind and desirous of peace, have
been willing to prove the parties concerned, to see what errors they would
see and own ; and for his part that complained to us, he doth acknowledge
his uncoraely speeches and carriage both unto the marshal, he being the
court's ofiicer, and also to brethren in the church, -In the agitation of the
matter, and doth condemn himself for sin in ii ; but for tne other parties that
stand convicted, they either do not see or will not acknowledge any en-or
concerning their testimony, which we judge they ought. Wherefore we hum
bly present you with these few lines, not doubting but they will be pleasing
to God and acceptable to you, whatever hath been suggested to yourselves by
others that bear not good will to the peace of our church ; we are sure of this,
and our consciences bear us witness, that we have done nothing iu opposition
to you, or to cast any reflection upon your court proceedings, but have justi
fied you all along in what you have done, Secundum Allegata et probata,
[according as they were alleged and proved] in all our church agitations,
which om- adversaries can tell, if they would witness ; but by reason of this,;
that some of our brethren did swear contrary oaths, we thought it our duty;
upon complaint made to us to search who they were that swore truly and
who did falsify their oath, and after much debate and dispute on Sunday
days — [this must be an error; sundry days is nq doubt intended. Besides
the awkwardness ofthe phrase in the mouth of such a man as Mr. Whiting, .
it is a familiar fact that the Puritans did not use the narae Sunday, but called
the fii-st day ofthe week Lord's-day, or Sabbath, and occasionally First-day.] —
about this matter, we did judge those two men faulty, which in conscience
w;e dare not go back from, they continuing as they do to this day. Could we
discern any token of these men's repentance, /or this that they Eire, especially
one of mem, censured in the church for, we should cheerfully take off the
censures; but inasmuch as they justify themselves, and tell uS if it were to do
again they would do it, and lift up their crests in high language and come to
such animosities from the jury's verdict, we ^eshe the honored court would
not count us transgressors if we do not recede from what we have done ;
especially considering What disturbers they have been to us ; especially one
of them, for these several years. Now, therefore, honored and dear sirs, see
ing by what we have done we have gonp in our own way as a church in the
search after sin, we hope the court will be tender of us and of him that com
plained to us on that account, and if we humbly crave that it be not grievous to
you that we humbly tell you that m our judgment the discipUne of these churches
must fall; and if so, of what sad consequence it will be, we leave it to those
that are wiser than oui-selves to judge, for this case being new and never
acted before in this country, doth not only reflect on our church but on all the
chm-cfies in the countiy; for if deluiquents that are censured in churches,
shall be countenanced by authority, against the church in their acting in a
just way, we humbly put it to the consideration of the court, wliether there
will not be a wide door opened to Erastianisme,* which we hope all of
us do abhor from our hearts. Now the God of peace himself give the country,
courts and church peace always by all means ; grace be with you all in Chi-ist
Jesus. Amen.
Dated the 4th, 3d, 1663, with the consent and vote ofthe church,
.J Samuel Whiting, i
On tbe next day, tbe Court replied as foUows :
Reverend and beloved : We are very sony our endeavors haVe not produced
that effect we hoped and desu-ed, but seem to have been interpreted contrai-y

• Thomas Erastus, in 1647, dnring the civil wart in Kngland, contendeS that the church had i
power to censure or decree. This opinioa was termed Erastianism.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1664. 255
to our intentions, (and, we conceive, our words,) as an encroachment and
destructive to the right and power of the churches. We have been taught,
and do verily believe, the civil and ecclesiastical power raay very well consist,
and that no cause is so purely ecclesiastical, but the civil power may in its
way deal therein. We are far from thinking the churches have no power but
what is derived from the .christian magistrates, or that the civil magistrate
hath ecclesiastical powers, yet may, and ought, the matter so requiring, take
cognizsRice and give judgment in solving a case, not in a church but civil way.
We suppose we have kept much within these bounds in the case that hath
been before us, and that our opinion and practice herein hath been as clear
from Erastianisme, as some men's assertions have been from the opposite
eiTor, and the declared judgments of our congregational divines. In that
point, we own and desire so to regulate our proceedings accordingly. The
j]God of order guide all om- minis&ations to his glory, and the peace and edifi-
ijcation of his people.
By order and unanimous consent of the Comity Court, sitting at Ipswich,
May Sth, 1663, p, me, Robert Lord, Clerk.
[For a year or two, difficulties seem to have existed regard
ing the organization and disposition of the " Lynn troopers."
The Court, in June, judged it meet to declare, "tbat Capt.
Hutchinsons comission doeth bind him to comand the troopers
residing in Lynne, that are listed w"" him, as formerly." And
in October the Court say, in answer to a petition of the Lynn
troopers, that " henceforth the troopers inhabitting in Lynne,
shall apperteine unto and joyne w* Salem troope, . . . except
ing only such as shall rather choose to continue w* tbe Three
County Troope, and shall certify theire desire soe to doe, under
theire hands, at the next meeting of Salem troope."
[There was a great eclipse of the sun, 22 August, the light
becoraing " almost like eventyde," as a writer of the time ob
serves.]
1664.
On the 28th of June, Theophilus Bayley was licensed to keep
a public bouse. (Q. C. Files.)
This year the wheat is first mentioned to have been blasted.
(Hubbard.) Little has been raised on the sea coast of New
England since.
A public fast was appointed on account of dissensions and
troubles. • ¦
In November, a comet appeared, and continued visible tiU
February. [In "Bradstreet's journal this comet is noticed 'in a
raanner tbat aptly illustrates the popular opinion regarding the
influence of such celestial visitants. " Novera. A great blazing
star appeared in the S: west w* continued somevmontbes.
The efl'ects appeared much in Engliand, in a great and dreadful
plague that foUowed the next sumer ; in a dreadfuU warr by
sea w"' the dutch; and the burning of London the 2* year
foUowing," By Josselyn tbis is called " the great and dreadful
comet,"]

256 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1665, 1666, 1667,

1665.
On the 27th of June, Thomas Laighton, Oliver Purchis, and
John Fuller, were appointed coraraissioners to try small causes.
[A fast was held, in June, on account of, the caterpillars and
palraer worms. John HuU makes .this " note: "This summer
multitudes of flying caterpillars arose out of tbe ground, and
from roots of corn, raaking such a noyse in the aire, that travel
lers raust speak lowd to hear one another ; yet they only seazed
upon tbe trees of the wilderness." Could these " flying cater-
pUlars " have been locusts ?]
On the 29th of November, Mr. Joseph Jenks was admonished
by the Salem court, for not attending public worship,
[The Court, in the absence of newspapers through which to
promulgate their orders, were obliged, on many occasions, to
resort to the primitive way of proclaiming by herald. They
order, this year,- that a declaration be " published by M"^ .Ohuer
Purchis on horse backe, by sound of trumpet, and that Thomas
Bligh, the trumpeter, and Marshall Richard Wajte accompany
him, and y* in the close he say, w* an audible vojce, ' God saue
the king.'" It can hardly be imagined that Mr. Purchis ut
tered the closing ejaculation, with any great heartiness, as he
is understood to have been a decided anti-royalist.]
1666.
Mr. Andrew Mansfield was chosen town recorder.
On the 7tb of December, the General Court assembled for
religious consultation and prayer, in which Mr. Whiting and Mr.
Cobbet sustained a part.
[This year was marked by several conspicuous events. The
small-pox prevailed extensively, and a great many died of it.
An unusual destruction of life by Ughtning, also took place ; an
almanac memorandum says, " Divers were this year slain by
Ughtning." Grasshoppers and caterpiUars did great mischief
during tbe growing season. , '
[Nathaniel Bishop and Hope AUen, curriers, petitioned the
Court to forbid tanners and shoemakers exercising the trade
of curriers. But the Court judged "it not meete to grant y»'
peticoners request."]
1667.
[The spring was so forward that apple trees began to blossom
by the 18th of April] ^
At tbe Quarterly Court, on the 26th of June, Nathaniel Kert-
land, John Witt, and Ephraim Hall, were presented, " for pro-
phaining the Lord's Day, By Going to WiUiam Craft's house, in
time of publike exercise, (they both being at meeting,) and

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1668, 1669. 257
Drinkeing of his sider, and Rosteing his Aples, without eyther
the consent or knowledge of him or bis wife."
Mr. Joseph Jenks presented a petition to the General Court
for aid to commence a wire manufactory, but did not receive
suflBcient encouragement.
[Bradstreet notes that " toward the end of February, there
was a mighty long beam appeared in the S : West, and was seen
four or five nights ; it appeared like the tail of a comet, but no
starre was to bee seen, nor had it any, vnlesse it was depressed
vnder y* Horizon." This, taken in connection with the 'descrip
tion given in Morton's Memorial has led sorae to suppose that
an unsually brilliant display of th^zodiacal light then took plaCe.
But I do not see how it could have been that. Most likely it
was a comet with the head below the horizon, or without a
head of any density. But whatever it was, it created consider
able alarra and numerous disasters were ascribed to its agency.
The next year, Rev. Mn Shepard of Rowley, Rev, Mr, Flint of
Braintree, and Rev, Mr, Mitchell, of Cambridge, died. And the
apprehensive Bradstreet observes, "Possibly the deatb of these
precious Servants of Christ might not bee the least thing sig-
nefyed by that Blaze or Beam,"
,[The winter of this year " was exceedingly mild above N.
English winters," says Bradstreet. There was not much snow
and but little depth of frost.]
1668.
The -ministers of the several towns Eissembled in Boston, on
the 15th of AprU, to hold a public disputation with the Baptists.
Mr. Whiting and Mr, Cobbet were among the principal.
On the 13th of June, Robert Page, of Boston, was presented
for " setinge saille from Nahant, in his boate, being Loaden with
wood, thereby Profaining the Lord's daye."
Land on the north side the Common was this year sold for
jB4 an acre ; and good salt marsh, £1.10. ,
1669.
On the 29th of AprU, the boundary Une between Lynn and
Salem was defined. It ran from the west end of Brown's pond,
in Danvers, " to a noated Spring," now called Mineral Spring ;
thence to " Chip Bridge," on the little brook which runs out
near the house of John PhiUips, to the sea shore,
[The Dolphin, a vessel belonging to Charlestown, lost a top
sail and some qther rigging in Ipswich Bay, and these were
taken up at Lynn, by Mn King — Daniel King, it is probable,
who lived at Swampscot — and he, for some reason that does
not appear, refused to give them up, notwithstanding recom
pense had "been tendered for all his paynes and charge in
Y* 17

258 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1670,
securing the same. Uppon application for redress, by the mas
ter,' Major Hathorne was empowered by the Court to heare and
determine the case according to lawe, to aUow whatrecompense
he shaU judge meet, and cause said sayle and rigging to be
delivered to the sajd master."
[A difiference existing between the county treasurer and the
constable ofLynn, " about the prosecution of hues en cry,"_and
on some other accounts, the Court, 19 May, gave to a committee
pov^er to " inspect the sajd differences, and together with the
treasurer, to put issue thereto."]
1670.
The Court ordered, that the lands of deceased persons might
be sold for the 'payment of debts. Before this, if a person died
in debt,, his land was secure. The method of conveyance was
by " turfe and twig ; " that is, the seller gave a turf from the
ground and a twig from a tree, into the hands of the buyer, as
a token of relinquishment. [This is a mistake. The earlier
practice of the courts here, even went to the extent of treating
real estate the same as chattels ; in administration, allowing sales
to be made regardless of heirship. The old English mode of
conveying, by turf and twig, was never adopted here. It was
about this tirae, however, that the distinguishing features of
real estate law began to be recogized ; and petitions for leave
to sell were occasionaUy presented,
[Capt Marshall, who had been empowered to perform the
marriage ceremony, a# Lynn, as stated under date 1659, was
discharged by the Court, 31 May, "from oflScyating in tbat
imployment," He seems to have been " abused by the misin
formation of some," and by " his oune ouermuch credulity,"
and to have exceeded his commission, by marrying parties from
other places, and such as had not been legally published. Some
of his grievous offences are stated on the colony records. It
is presumed that he inconsiderately performed the ceremony in
the fallowing case, "Hope Allin and John Pease, , . appear
ed in Court, and y» sajd John Pease acknouledged, that not--
withstanding the counsell ofthe major general, who had declined
y= marrying of M' Deacon to Hope AUins daughter, he did ac
company tbem to Lynn, to Capt. MarshaU, &c. and Hope Allin
declared he did give his consent y' y« sajd M'' Deacon should
have his daughter, and told Capt, Marshall y' he hoped they
might be legally published before y' time, &c..; the Court judged
it meet to censure the sajd Hope Allin to pay ten pounds as a
fine to the country for his irregular proceedure and John Pease
forty shiUings." And so it appears that Mn AUen had to pay
rather dearly for raanifesting a little anxiety to get his daughter
off his hands,]

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1671. 259

1671.
• On the 18th of January, there was a great snow storm, in
which there was much thunder and lightning.
The following meraorandura is copied from the leaf of a Bible.
May 22. " A very awful thunder, and a very great storm of wind
and bail, especially at Dorchester town, so that it broke raany
glass windows at the meeting-house."
Mr. Samuel Bennet sued Mr. John Gifford, the former agent
of the Iron Works, and attached property to the amount of
'£400, for labor performed for the company. On tbe 27th of
June, the following testimony was given : " John Paule aged
about forty-five years, sworne, saith, that living with Mr. Sam'
uel Bennett, upon or about the time that the Iron Works were
seased by Capt. Savage, in the year 53 as I take it, for I lived
ther several years, and my constant imployment was to repaire
carts, coale carts, mine carts, and other working materials for
his teeraes, for he keept 4 or 5 teeraes, and soraetimes 6 teemes,
and he had the most teemes tbe last yeare of the Iron Works,
when tbey were seased, and my master Bennet did yearly yearne
a vast sum from tbe said Iron Works, for he commonly yearned
forty or fifty shiUings a daye for the former tirae, and the year
53, as aforesaid, for he had five or six teemes goeing generally
every faire day." (Salem Q. C. files.)
The Iron Works for several years were carried on with vigor,
and furnished most of the iron used in the colony. But the
want of ready money on the part of flie purchasers, and the
great freedom with whicb tbe company construed the liberal
privileges ofthe Court, caused their faUure, The owners ofthe
lands which had been injured, commenced several suits against
tbem, and at last hired a person to cut away the flood gates and
destroy the works. This was done in the night, when the pond
was full. The dam was high, and just below it, on the left,
stood the house of Mac Calluin More Downing. The water
rushed out and flowed into the house, without disturbing the
inhabitants, who were asleep in a chamber. In the morning,
Mrs. Downing found a fine live fish flouncing in her oven. The
works were much injured, and the depredator fled to PenoJDSCot.
The suits against the Iron Works were protracted for more
than twenty years. Mr. Hubbard says that " instead of drawing
out bars of iron for tbe country's use, there was hammered out
nothing' but contention and law suits." The works were con
tinued, though on a smaller scale, for more than one hundred
years from their establishment. But they have long been dis
continued, and nothing now is to be seen of them, except the
heaps of scoria, caUed the " Cinder Banks."
[Jonathan Leonard, in a letter pubUshed in the N. E. Histori-

260 ANNALS OP LTNN-— 1672;
cal and Genealogical Register, Oct. 1857, mentions a tradition
handed down from his ancestors, one of whom was employed at
the Lynn works, in their very infancy, to the effect that after
these works had done considerable business, the people became
alarmed through the apprehension that the quantity of charcoal
used, would occasion a scarcity of wood;' and, urged on by theit
fears, threw so many obstacles in the way of the company that
the business was broken up. It is quite certain that they were
constantly beset by difiSculties, and the singular apprehension
alluded to may have laid the foundation for some at least.
[As evidence of the desire to diffuse education among the
people, it may be remarked that at this time the law required
«very town, consisting of as many as one/ hundred families, to
establish a grammar school, with a raaster able to fit the youth
for college. And every town neglecting the requisition was
liable to a penalty of ten pounds a yean-
[That a disposition towards independence was early entertain
ed by the people of New England, is evidenced by a note in
Evelyn's journal, under date of this year. He says, " There was
a fear of their breaking from aU dependence on this nation."
Evelyn was a member of the board of trade and plantations.]
1672.
Mn Daniel Salmon attached the property of the town, to the
value of forty pounds, for not laying out the land granted to
him in 1661. On the 27th of June, the Quarterly Court required
the town to give him about six acres, near his house.
[On the first of AprU there was a violent snow storm. Drifts
were left six feet in height. And the rains that folbwed did
much damage. It rained fourteen days during the month.
[The whole General Court resolved to keep the twenty-sec
ond of May as a day of fasting and humiliation, and to meet at
the court hous^, where Rev. Messrs, Whiting, Cobbet, John
EUot, Increase Mather, and others, were appointed " to carry
on the worke of that day, by prayer^ and preaching," The
solemnities were held on account of the disturbances and dis
tresses in Europe, and to suppUcate for freedom from like
afflictions here,
[Joseph Jenks, senior, made proposals to coin the money.
But the Court judged it " meet not to grant his request,"
[The first dancing school in the colony was coramenced this
year. It was soon, however, suppressed by the strong arm of
the law. And up to this time tbere were no professed musi
cians m the colony, ^
[The sun was eclipsed, 12 August, " total or very near "
[There was a great easterly storm, 10 No vemben It brought
in " so great a tyde as hath not bene this 36 years."]

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1673, 1674, 261

1673,
On the 18th of June, a new road was laid out from Lynn to
Marblehead, on the north of the former road. It is now called
Essex street.
The second inhabitant of Nahant, of whom we find any men
tion, was Robert Coats, He probably lived there as a fisherman
and shepherd, and left before he married Mary Hodgkin, which
was 29 December, 1682. He bad six sons and three daughters.
After he left, there appears no inhabitant until 1690. •
i 16 74.
[John Tarbox, one of the first farmers in Lynn, died 26 May.
He had seven acres of upland qn Water Hill, an orchard, three
cows and nine sheep, at the time of hia decease. His will says,
" I bequeath my house and housing, with orchard and all my
land and meddow, with a greene Rugg, and a great Iron kettell,
and- a round Joynd table, to njy son John Tarbox." He was a
small proprietor in the Iron Works. This was the same John
Tarbox, for the winning of the affections of whose daughter,
Matthew Stanley was fined £5, in 1649. See page 225.]
Some of the inhabitants of Salem atterapted to form a new
church, and engaged Mr. Charles Nicholet for- their minister;
but their design being opposed, they came to Lynn to complete
it. Mr. Rogers, minister of Ipswich, wrote a fetter to Mr. Phil
lips, minister of Rowley, requesting him to assist in preventing
the accomplishment. This letter was handed to Major Dennison,
\vho subjoined the following approbation : " Sir, Though I know
nothing of what is above written, I cannot but approve tbe same
in all respects." On Sunday, the llth of December, the dele
gates from the churches of Boston, Woburn, Maiden, and Lynn,
with the governor, John Leverett, assembled at^Lynn, and
formed a councU. They chose the Rev. John Oxenbridge, of
Boston, moderator, and agreed that the new church should be
formed. Afterward, the delegates of the churches of Salem,
Ipswich, and Rowley, arrived, when the vote of the council
was reconsidered, and decided in the negative. In the curious
church records of Rowley, it is said that " Tbis work was begun
with-Dut a sermon, which is not usuall. There was also a break
ing out into laughter, by a great part of the congregation, at a
jspeech of Mn Batters, that he did not approve of what Major
' Hathorne had spoken. Such carriage was never known on a
first day, .that I know of" After the frustration of this design,
Mn Nicholet went to England. [Nicholas Root was active in
this design.
[This year closed with gloomy apprehensions touching the
'impending storm of savage retribution.]

262 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1675.

16 75.
This year we find mention made, in the records of the Society
of Friends, ofthe sufferings of that people, in consequence of.
their refusal to pay parish taxes. In reference to George Oaks,
who appears to be one of the first who embraced the doctrines
of George Fox, in Lynn, is the foUowing record : " Taken-away
for the priest, Samuel Whiting, one cow, valued a,t £3." Oth
ers afterward suffered for refusing to perform military duty, or
tO' pay church rates, by having their cattle, corn, hay, and do
mestic furniture, taken away.
On the 29th of August, there was " a very great wind and
rain, that blew down and twisted many trees." (Bible leaf)
The year 1675 is memorable for the commencement of the
great war of Pometacora, caUed king Philip, sachem of the Wam
panoag Indians, in Plymouth county and Rhode Island, just one
hundred years before the war of the independence ofthe United
States. Pometacora was a son of Massasoit, but was more war
like than his father. Perhaps he bad mor^ cause to be so. As
we have received tbe history of this war only frora the pens
of white raen, it is probable that some incidents tbat might serve
to illustrate its origin, have been passed unnoticed. It com
menced in June, andiome of the eastern tribes united with the
Wampanoags, One of the causes of their offence, was an out
rage offered by some sailors to the wife and child of Squando,
sagamore of Saco, Meeting them in a carioe, and having heard
that young Indians could swim naturally, they overturned the
frail bark. The insulted mother dived and brought up her
child, but it died soon after,
[Considerable alarm was felt, even in this quarter, so powerful
and determined did the Indians appear, in this, their last great
struggle,] „The military corapany in Lynn, at this time, was
cornmanded by Capt, Thomas MarshaU, Lieut, Oliver Purchis,
and Ensign John FuUer, The troops from Massachusetts, which
went against the Indians, were commanded by Major Samuel
Appleton, [The foUowing answer of the Court, despatched in
October, to a letter of the Major General, wUl give a glimpse
of tbe existing state of feeling. " Sr : Wee received your letter
dated at Lynn, 23th instant, and haue perused the particculs
inclqsed, w"'' stiU present us w* sad tjdings (the Lord haue
mercy on us) toucheing the performance of yo'^ promise to Ma
jor Pike in your designe to rajse what force you can to resist
tbe enemys head quarters at Ausebee. Wee approove of it;
only wee presume your inteUigence that the enemy is there is
vpon good grounde. Wee cannot give yow particular orders,
but leaue the manageraent of this affayre to yo" prudenc and
assistance of. Almighty God, not doubting yo"^ care in leaving

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1675, 263
sufficient strength to secure the frontjer tonnes of Norfolke and
Essex, least the eneray should visit thera when the fforces are
abooard, W'out doubt, if their squawes and pappooses, &c. be
at Assabee, and God be pleased to deliver them into our hands,
it would be much for our interest. As for your personall march
ing, it wUl be acceptable, if God inable to psecute it."
[Solomon Alley and Benjamin FarneU, of Lynn, were among
the slain at Bloody Brook, having been in Lathrop's command.]
Fifteen raen were impressed at Lynn, by order of the Court,
on the 13th of November, in addition to those who had been
previously detached. Their names were Thomas Baker, Robert
; Driver, »Iob Farrington, Samuel Graves, Isaac Hart, Nicholas
rHitchens, Daniel Hitchens, John Lindsey, Jonathan Locke,
Charles Phillips, Samuel Rhodes, Henry Stacey, Samuel Tarbox,
Andrew Townsend, and Isaac Wellman.
On the 19th of December, says the Bible leaf, tbere was " a
dreadful fight with the Indians." This was the great swamp.
fight, at South Kingston, R. I., when eighty white men, and
more than three hundred Indians, were killed. Mr. Ephraim
Newhall, of Lynn, was one of the slain. [The foUowing affida
vit was signed by Thomas Baker, and sworn to, at Lynn, 8 June,
1730, before Theophilus BurrUl, justice of the peace, and is
recorded in Middlesex Registry. " The deposition of Thomas
Baker, of Lyn, in the county of Essex, aged about 77 years,
Testifieth and saith. That I, being well acquainted with one
Andrew Townsend of Lyn aforesaid, for more than 55 years
since, and do certainly know and very well Remember that the
_8f Andrew Townsend was a soldier in the Expedition to the
Narragansett under y° Command of Capt. Gardner, and that he
was in y^ s* Narragansett fite and in s* fite Rec'd a wound, in or
about the year 1675."]
Wenepoykin, the sagamore of Lynn, who had never been in
deep friendship with the whites, went and united with Pometa
cora. He probably had some causes of offence which have been
left unrecorded. Indeed, tbe thousand little insults, whicb the
men of bis race have ever been in the habit of receiving from
white men, and which must have been felt by his proud mind,
might have been sufficient cause for his conduct. As a" poetess
has well said :
Small slights, conteiript, neglect, unmixed with hate,
Make up in number what they want in weight.
Two of the descendants of Nanapashemet, whose names were
Quanapaug and Quanapohit, living on Deer Island, had become
Christians by tbe names of James and Thomas. These united
with the whites, and became spies for them, for which they
were to have £5 each ; for which cause the Wampanoag sachem

264 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1676.
offered a reward for their deatb, but they survived the war.
Several anecdotes of their cunning are preserved by Mr, Drake,
At one time, when they were taking him to Pometacom Quana
paug escaped by his skill, Quanapohit, also, came accidentally
upon six of his armed enemies, whom he put to flight, and plun
dered tbeir wigwam, by turning round and beckoning, as if bo
were calling his company. *
16 76.!
The war with the Indians was prosecuted by both parties
with the most determined vigor and cruelty. Many towns were
burnt and many of the inhabitants put to death. Gr»at num
bers of the Indians also were killed, and those who were taken
prisoners were most cruelly sold for slaves to the West Indies,
against the earnest entreaties of some'of the principal officers.
At last, Philip was pursued to a swamp, near his residence, at
Mount Hope, and killed, on the morning of Saturday, the 12th
of August. After his death Annawon, Tispaquin, and others
of his chiefs and warriors, submitted theraselves, on the proraise,
that their lives would be spared ; but they were unmercifully
put to death. Prom the expressions of some of tbem, it is
probable that they did not wish to survive the destruction of
their nation.
Thus fell Philip, the last great king of the Wampanoags —
the last forraidable enemy of the English, Like Sassacus, he
foresaw the destruction of his nation ; but he was at first friend
ly to the white people, and wept when he heard that some of
them had been -killed. The pen of the historian will do justice
to his patriotism, and the harp of the poet will eulogize him in
strains of immortality. Tradition, legend, tune, and song,
Shall many an age that wail prolong ;
Still from the she the son shall hear
Of that stern strife and carnage drear,
Wenepoykin, who had joined witb the Wampanoags, was
taken prisoner, and sold as a slave to Barbadoes, He returned
in 1684, at the end of eight years, and died at the house of his
relative, James Muminquash, at the age of 68 years. The tes
timony of Tokowampate and Waban, given 7 October, 1686, and
preserved in Essex Registry of Deeds, declares, that " Sagamore
George, when be came from Barbadoes, lived some time, and
died at the house of James Rumneymarsh." The old chief who
had ruled in freedom over more than half tbe state of Massachu
setts, returned from his slavery, sad and broken-hearted, to-die
in a lone wigwam, in tbe forest of Natick, in the presence of his
sister Yawata.
A law had been passed, prohibiting the friendly Indians from

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1677. 265
going more than one mile from their own wigwams. On the
25tb of October, the Court agreed that they might go out to
gather "chesnuts and other nuts in the wilderaess," if two
white men went with each corapany, whose charges were to be
paid by the Indians.
The injuries which the Indians received in the early history
of OUT country, cannot now be repaired ; but the opportunity is
afforded for our national government to manifest its high sense
of magnanimity and justice, and to evince to the world that re
publics are not unmindful of honor and right, by redressing any
wrongs which the existing red raen have received, and by pro
viding for their welfare, in a raanner becoraing a great and pow
erful nation, which has received its extensive doraains from a
people who are now wandering as fugitives in the land of their
fathers. Sucb conduct, it may reasonably be expected, will
receive the approbation of heaven ; and it cknnot be supposed,
tbat He who watches the fall of ithe sparrow, will regard its
neglect with indifference,
[John Flint, of Salem, shot a hostile Indian at the end of
Spring pond, in Lynn, as appears by the record of an examina
tion before William Hathorne, 9 October, The next year, for
causing the death of a white man, he was convicted of man-
alaughten He was a soldier in Philip's war,] ,
The leaf of the Bible says, there was " a great sickness this
year,"
1677.
[Lynn gave £4.13, for the relief of captives from Hatfield;
Salem, £4.7, ^
[In the Salem court files is the following: "An inventory of
y* estate of Teague alias Thaddeas Braun, who was impressed
a soldier of Lynn for tbe Countreys service and was sent froin
Lynn y* 22nd June, 1677, and was slayne in the fight at Black-
point, as we are informed, on y^ 29*'' of June, 1677,"]
Tbe foUowing letter was addressed by Mr, Whiting to Increase
Mather, 1 October, 1677,
"Reverend and Dear Cousin: I acknowledge myself much engaged, as to
God for all his mercies, so to yourself for your indefatigable labors, both in
our chm-ch here,, and in your writings, which of your love yOu have sent to
me fi-om time to time ; and especially for your late book which you sent to
me, wherein you, have outdone any that I have seen upon that subject. Go
on,, dear cousin, and the Lord prosper your endeavors for the gloi-y of his
great name, and the good of many souls. And let me beg one request of you,
that you would set pen to paper in writing an bistoi-y of New England, since
the coming of our chief men hither ; which you raay do, by conferring with.
Mr, Higginson, and some of tbe first planters in Salem, and in other places;.
which I hopAyou may easily accomplish, having, by your diligence and search
found out so much history concerning the Pequot war. And the rather let
me entreat this favor of you, because it hath not been hitherto done by any in
w

266 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1678,
a polite and scholar like way ; which, if it were so done^ would glad the hearts
ofthe Lord's people, and turn to yom- great account in the last and great day
ofthe Lord Jesus. Thus commending my love to you and your loving con
sort, with thanks to you for your kindness to me and my son, when we were
last with you at your house, beseeching the Lord to bless you and all yom-s ;
not knowing how shortly I mdst put onthis earthly tabernacle, I rest,
Samuei. Whitino,
[The General Court order, 10 October, that " 10 barrels of
cranberries, 2 hhds, of special good sarap, and 3000 cod fish,"
be sent as" a present to the king.]
. At this tirae tbere was but one post office in Massachusetts,
which was at Boston. Ou the 3d of December, the Court of
Assistants appointed John Hayward postmaster for the whole
(colony. ,
j On Thanksgiving day, the 4th of December, happened one
of the greatest storras ever known in New England, It blew
down many houses and many trees,
l'6.7 8.
This year, Samuel Appleton, Jn, took possession of the Iron
Works, by a grant in the wiU of WiUiam Payne, of Boston, On
the 9th of June, Thomas Savage sued an old mortgage which
he held on the property, and Samuel Waite testifies, " There is
land, rated at Three Thousand acres of Iron MiU land," In
1679, Mr. Appleton had possession of three fourths of the Iron
Works, valued at £1500. The law suits respecting the Iron
Works were protracted to a tedious length, and papers enough
are preserved in the Massachusetts archives, respecting them,
to form a volume.
The Selectmen, or, as they were called, " the Seven Pruden
tial men," this year, were Thomas Laighton, Richard Walker,
Andrew' Mansfield, WiUiara Bassett, Nathaniel Kertland, John
BurriU, and Ralph King,
The price of corn was two shiUings a bushel.
[Thoraas Purchid, senior, died 11 May, aged a hundred and
one years, as stated by his widow and son in a petition to the
Salera court. He had not long resided in Lynn, having been
araong the Maine settlers. It seems hardly possible that he can
have been the same individual mentioned by Mn Lewis under
date 1640, though he may have been here for a brief period,
about that time. Somewhere between 1625 and 1629 he located
in Maine, and engaged in the fur trade. He had lands on the
Androscoggin, and sold to Massachusetts, 22 July, 1639, a por
tion of the territory on wbich Brunswick now stands, of wbich
place he was the first settlen In 1635, he was one of Gorges's
CouncU ; subsequently he held the office of sole Assistant to the
Colony Commissioners ; and was a Justice under Achdale in
1664, In 1675, his house was attacked by hostile Indians, and

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1679. 267
piUaged, He then removed to Lynn, I have seen it suggested
that he may have been a brother of Oliver Purchis who was so
long an active and conspicuous man here, - But I think it could
not have been so. About seven months after his decease, his
widow raarried John Blaney,
[Thomas Laighton was empowered by the Court to join such
persons in marriage as had been duly published, provided one
at least resided in Lynn,]
The first meeting-house of the Society of Friends, says an
old record of one of their members, "was raised on Wolf Hill,"
[This site was on Broad street, nearly opposite Nahant, The
first Friends' meeting, in tbis vicinity, is supposed to have been
held, this year, in a house'that stood =on Boston street, a little
west of Brown's pond.]
The people of Reading petitioned the General Court*, on the
3d of October, that the alewives might be permitted to come
up to Reading pond, as before ; that they might find no obstruc
tion at tbe Iron Works, but " come up freely into our ponds,
where they have their natural breeding place ; " which was
granted, Thomas Dexter, Jr,, and Captain James Oliver, administrators
of the estate of Thoraas Dexter, prosecuted the town of Lynn,
on the 26th of November, at Boston, for tbe recovery of Na
hant, The jury decided in favor of the town. This was a
review of the case decided 1 September, 1657, against Mn
Dexter. •
1679.
In the number of the early ministers of New England, there
were few who deserved a higher celel?rity, for the purity of
their character, and the fervor of tbeir piety, than tbe Rev.
Samuel Whiting. His name has been frequently overlooked
by biographers, and little known and estimated even in his own
parish. He has no stone erected to his memory, and the very
place where he was buried is known only to a few.
Dust long outlasts the storied stone.
But thou — thy very dust is gone.
[Since Mr, Lewis wrote the above, WilUam Whiting, Esq,,
tho eminent lawyer, who is a descendant, has erected a fitting
monument to his memory. It is a simple granite shaft, inscribed
with his narae, and the dates of his birth and decease. It is on
the westerly side of the path leading from the front gate-way,
in the Old Burying Ground, near the western, end of Lynn
Common.] This is another instance of the truth of the observation, that
men are indebted to the poet and the historian for their remem-

268 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1679.
brance to after ages. An honorable memorial of the deserving
dead is one of the rewards'of goodness, and the very desire of
remembrance is itself a virtue. We naturally love the idea that
we are remembered by others,' and that our names will be
known beyond the circle of those with, whom we shared th©
endearments of friendship. It is sweet to think that we have
not aftogether lived in vain ; to persuade ourselves that we have
conferred some slight benefit on the world, and that posterity
wUl repay the pleasing debt by mentioning our names with ex
pressions of regard. It is not vanity, it is not ambition; it is a
pure love of raankind, an exalting sense of right, that twines
itself around every virtuous and noble mind, raising it above
the enjoyment of worldliness, and making us wish to prolong
our existence in the memory of the good.
Rev. 'Samuel Whiting was born at Boston, in Lincolnshire,
England, on the 20th of November, 1597. His father, Mr. John
Whiting was mayor of the city, in 1600; and his brother John
obtained tbe same office, in 1625. Having completed his studies
in the school of his birthplace, j'oung Samuel entered the uni
versity at Cambridge, where he bad for his classmate, his cousin,,
Anthony Tuckney, afterward Master of St. John's College, with
whom he commenced a friendship, which was not quenched by
the waters of the Atlantic. He received impressions of piety
at an early age, and loved to indulge bis meditations in the
retired walks of Emanuel College. He entered college in 1613,
took his first degree in 1616, and his second in 1620. Having
received orders in the Church of England, he became chaplain
in a'famUy consisting of five ladies' and two kiiights, Sir Na-
th'aniel Bacon and Sir Roger Townsend, with whom he resided
three .years. He then went to old Lynn, where he spent three
years more, a colleague with Mr. Price. While at that place,
complaints were made to the Bishop of Norwich, of his non
conformity in administering the services of the church, on wbich
he removed to Skirbick, one mUe from old Boston. Tbere the
complaints were renewed, on which he deterrained to seU his
possessions and embark for America. He remarked, "I am
going into the wilderness, to sacrifice unto the Lord, and I wUl
not leave a hoof behind me." The beauty, piety, and harmony
of the church, in our own time, induce us to wonder why a
pious man should have objected to her services. But the
church, at that period, demanded more than is now required;
and the dissenters, by tbeir repugnance to those ceremonies
and requisitions wbich were excessive, were driven to revolt
against those forms which were reaUy judicious.
Mn Whiting sailed frora England in the beginning of April,
1636, q,nd arrived in Boston on the twenty-sixth of May. He
was very sick on his passage, during which he preached but

ANNALS OP 'LTNN— 1679. 269
one sdrmon. _ He observed that he would " much rather have
undergone six weeks imprisonment for a good cause, than six
weeks of such terrible sea sickness," He came to Lynn in June,
and Was installed on the eighth of November, at' the a^e of
thirty-uinew He was adraitted to the, privileges of a freeman on
the seventeenth of December, His residence was nearly oppo
site the meeting-house, in Shepard street. He had a walk in
his orchard, in which he used to indulge bis habit of meditation ;
and some who frequently saw him walking there, remarked,
" There does our dear pastor walk with God every day," An
anecdote related of him, will serve to illustrate bis character.
In one of his excursions to a neighboring town,j he stopped at a
tavern, where a corapany were revelling. As he passed their
door, he thus addressed thera : " Friends, if you are sure that
your sins are pardoned, you may be wisely merry." He is re
puted to have been a raan of good learning, and an excellent
Hebrew scholar. In 1649, he deUvered a Latin oration at Cara
bridge, a copy of which is preserved in the library of the
Massachusetts Historical Society, He employed much of his
leisure in reading history ; and he could ' scarcely have chosen
a study more indicative of the seriousness and solidity of hia
mind. He possessed great coraraand over his passions, was
extremely jnild and affable in his deportment, and his counte
nance was generally illumined by a smile. He was chosen
moderator in several ecclesiastical councils, and appears to have
been generally respected. In bis preaching, he was ardent and
devoted ; but he was less disposed, to frighten his hearers by
wild and boisterous efforts, than to win them to virtue by mild
and persuasive eloquence.
In the latter part of bis life, Mr, Whiting was afflicted by a
complication of disorders, and endured many hours of most ex
cruciating pain. But his patience was inexhaustible, and his
strength enabled hira to continue the performance of the public
services till a very advanced age, in which he was assisted by
his youngest son, Joseph, A short tirae before his death, he
presented to the General Court a claira for five hundred acres
of land, which he had by deed of gift frora his brother-in-law,
Mr, Richard Westiand, an alderraan of Boston, in England, who
had loaned money to the colony of Massachusetts, As the claim
had been some time due, the Court allowed him six hundred
acres, [As this petition recounts several interesting facts, and
withal so faithfully exhibits the meek and pious spirit of the
venerable man, we insert it entire. The signature is a fac-simile,
as carefully traced from the original, which is stUl in good pre
servation in the state archives, , The tremulous hand indicates
age and infirmity; and he lived but a few months after the
petition was drawn.
W*

270 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1679.
The humble petition of Samuel Whiting, sen', of Lyn, sheweth, that whereas
yom- petitioner upon my comeing to New England, which is now about forty
three years since, had per deed of gift of my kinde brother in law, Mr.
Richard Westiand, of Boston, in England, alderman, in consideration of his
disbujsement of fifty pounds of lawful money of England, in way of loan -to
this colony, then low, and in its beginning, which sum the said Mr. Westiand
did deliver and pay unto some of y« chief agents of this patent then, which
was some years before I left England, they promising him a compensation
with a farme of five hundi-ed acres of upland and meadow, convenient and
nigh within the Bay ; I say, the whoU interest in the premises by fair deed
and gift, by the gentleman himself freely given to myself and wife and our
heires forever, as without fallacie I doe aveiT and testify before God and your
honoured selves, being a dyeing man, and goeing out of this world, and shortly
to appear before the Lord Jesus, y^ Judge of all.
My humble request, and the last petition I shall ever make application of to
this honorable assembly is, that baveing been so long in the counti-y, and as
long in y" work of the Lord, and God baveing given me issue, whom I am
shortly to leave, baveing little, of a considerable estate I brought, left for them^
that your honors would pleas to grant to rayself and my heirs, that wh, pei
ye free gift of my brother is our right, viz, five or six hundred acres of land
and meadow, wh. hath been my due about this forty years, although never
motioned but once to this assembly, nor should have now been insisted on,
could I in conscience of God's coraraand and duty to mine as a father, be
silent, and soe they lose their right in what belongs to them ; or if I could die
with serenity of soule upon consideration of the promises, should I neglect to
use this meanes of an humble reraonstrance.
I doe therefore humbly reitterat my request, wherein I mention nothing of
use or for forbearance so long time past, dues and donations, only the 5 oi
six hundred a?res, that my children may inherit what is righteously their
owne, and yours to grant, and which I hope will not be denyed, beeing. of
itselfe so just to be requested, and so most equitable and just to be granted.
Thus begging the Lord's presence to be amongst you, and his face to shine
on this your .court, the countiy, and chm-ches, that we may be saved, and
that ye choice blessing, divine wisdom, councell i and conduct, may preside in
all things, I leave the whole matter to your honored selves, and yourselves
with the Lord.
Your humble petitioner, friend ever, and seivant for Chi-ist's sake, though
ready to depai-t dicing.
this 23 of April ann. 1679. ^ {VTVVW V L
Henry Rhodes, 'y^ tlTpVY^ ^r
Samuel Cobbet.] ^S
Mn Whiting made his wiU on the 25th of February, 1679,
He commences thus : " After my committing of my dear flock
unto the tender care c^ that great and good Shepherd, the Lord
Jesus Christ." He gave his son Sarauel, at Billerica, his bouse
and four hundred acres of land at Dunstable, valued at £362,
and. fourteen acres of marsh, at Lynn; and his son Joseph, his
dwelling-house, orchard, and eight acres of marsh, at Lynn, And
he remembered his other chUdren, His money and plate amount
ed to £77,2 ; and his whole estate to £570.15.6. He died on the
llth of Deceraber, 1679, at the age of 82; having preached at
Lynn, forty-three years.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1679. 271
The death of Mr. Whiting caUed forth the following elegy
from the pen of Mr, Benjamin Thorapson, a schoolraaster, born
at Braintree, and the first native American poet,
UPON THE VERY LEARNED SAMUEL WHITING.
Mount, Fame, the glorious chariot ofthe sun!
Thi-ough the world's cu-qUe, all you, her heralds, run,
And let this gi-eat sauit's merits be revealed.
Which during life he studiously concealed.
Cite all the Levites, fetch the sons of art.
In these our dolors to sustain a part ;
Warn all that value worth, and every one
Within their eyes to bring a Helicon ;
For iuktbis single person we have lost
More riches than an India has engrost.
When Wilson, that plerophory of love,
Did fi-ora our banks up to his centre move.
Rare Whiting quotes Colurabus on this coast.
Producing gems of which a king might boast.
More splendid far than ever Aaron wore.
Within his breast tbis sacred father bore,
Sound doctrine, Urim, in his holy cell.
And all perfections, Thummim, there did dwell. '
His holy vesture was his innocence ;
His speech, embroideries of curious sense.
Such awful gravity this doctor used.
As if an angel every word infused ;
No turgent style, but Asiatic lore ;
Conduits were almost full, seldom run o'er
The banks of lime — come -tdsit when you will,
The streams of nectar were descending still.
Much like semtemfluous Nilus, rising so,
He watered Christians round, and made them grow.
His modest whispers, could the conscience reach,
As well as whirlwinds, which some others preach.
No Boanerges, yet could touch the heart,
And clench his doctrine with the meekest art.
His learning and his language might become
A province not inferior to Rome.
Glorious was Em-ope's heaven, when such as these.
Stars of his size, shone in each diocese.
Who wi-it'st the fathers' lives, either make room.
Or with his name begin your second tome.
Aged Polycarp, deep Origen, and sucb, .
Whose worth your quills, your wits not them enrich ;
Lactantius, Cyprian, Basil, too, the great,
Quaint Jerome, Austin, ofthe foremost seat.
With Ambrose, and more ofthe highest class
In Chi-ist's great school, with honor I let pass.
And humbly pay my debt to Whiting's ghost.
Of whom both Englands may with reason boast.
Nations for men of lesser worth have strove
To have the fame, and in transports of love
Built temples, or fixed statues of pure gold,
And their vast worth to after ages told.

272 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1679.
His modesty forbade so fair a tomb,
Who in ten thousand hearts obtained a room.
What sweet composm-e in his angel face !
What soft afiections ! melting gleams of grace !
• How mildly pleasant ! by his closed lips
Rhetoric's bright body suffers an eclipse.
Should half his sentences be fairly numbered.
And weighed in wisdom's scales, 'twould spoil a Lombard,
And churches' homilies but homily be,
If, venerable Whiting, set by thee,
Profoundest judgment, with a meekness rare.
Preferred him to the moderator's chair.
Where, like truth's champion, with his piercing eye.
He silenced errors, and bade Hectors fly.
Soft answers quell hot. passions, ne'er too soft,
Where solid judgraent is enthroned aloft.
Church doctors are my witnesses, that here
Affections always keep tbeir proper sphere
Without those wilder eccentricities.
Which spot the fairest fields of men most vfise.
Ll pleasant places fall that people's line.
Who have but shadows of men thus divine ;
Much more their presence, and heaven-piercing prayers,
Thus many years to mind our soul affairs.
The poorest soil oft has the richest mine !
This weighty ore, poor Lynn, was lately thine.
O, wondrous mercy ! but this glorious light
Hath left thee in the terrors ofthe night.
New England, didst thou know this mighty one.
His weight and worth, thou 'dst think Ijiyself undone.
One of thy golden chariots, which among
The clergy rendered thee a thousand sti-ong ;
One who for learning, wisdom, grace, and years,
Among the Levites, hath not many peers ;
One, yet with God, a kind of heavenly band.
Who did whole regiments of woes withstand ;
One that prevailed with heaven ; one greatly mist
On earth, he gained of Christ whate'er he list;
One of a world, who was both born and bred
At wisdom's feet, .hard by the fountain's head.
The loss of such a one would fetch a tear
From Niobe heraelf, if she were here.
What qualifies our grief, centres in this ;
Be our loss ne'er so great, the gain is his.
The following ep'itaph has been applied to him by Mn Mather.
In Christo vixi morior, vivoque, Whitmgus ;
Do sordes morti, cetera, O Christe, tibi, do.
In Chi-ist I lived and died, and yet I live ;
My dust to earth, my sou] to Christ, I give.
Mn Whiting pubUshed the foUowing pamphlets and books.
1. A Latin Oration, delivered at Cambridge, on Commence
ment day, 1649,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1679. 273
2. A Sermon preached before the Ancient and Honorable
ArtiUery Company, at Boston, 1660. .
3, A Discourse of the Last Judgment, or Short Notes upon
Matthew 25, frora verse 31 to tbe end ofthe chapter, concerning
the Judgment to come, and our preparation to stand before tbe
great Judge of quick and dead; which are of sweetest comfort
to the elect sheep, and a most dreadful araazeraent and terror
to reprobate goats, (Cambridge, 1664, 12mo, 160 pages,)
4, Abraham's Humble Intercession for Sodom, and the Lord's
Gracious Answer in Concession thereto. (Cainbridge, 1666,
12rao. 349 pages,) Frora this work the foUowing extracts are
taken. What is it to draw nigh to God in prayer ? It is not to come with loud
ejqjressions, when we pray before Him. Loud crying in the ears of God, is
not to di-aw near to God, They are nearer to God, that sUcntly whisper in
His eai-s and tell Him what tbey want, and what they would have of Him.
Tlbey have the King's ear, not that call loudest, but those that speak softly to
him, as those of the council and bed chamber. So they are nearest God, and
have His ear most that speak softly to Him in prayer.
In what manner are we to draw nigh to God in prayer ? In sincerity. With
a true heart. Truth is the Christian soldier's girdle. \Ve must be true at all
times; much more, when we fall upon our knees and pray before the Lord.
We, in this counti-y, have left our near relations, brothers, sisters, fathers'
houses, nearest and deai-est fi-iends ; but if we cau get nearer to God here. He
will be instead of all, more than aU to us. He hath the fulness of all the
sweetest relations bound up in Him. We may take that 'out of God, that wei
forsook in father, mother, brother, sister, and friend, that hath been as near
and dear as our own soul.
Even among the most wicked sinners, there may be found sorae righteous ;
some com among the chaffs — some jewels among the sands — some pearls
among a multitude of shells.
Wlio hath made England to diflTer from other nations, that more jewels are
found there than elsewhere ? or what hath that Island that it bath not received ?
The East and West Indies yield their gold, and pearl, and sweet spices ; but
I know where the golden, spicy, fragrant Christians be — England hath yielded
these. Yet not England, but the grace of God, that hath been ever with them.
We see what hope we may have concerning Ne^' England ;'though we do
not deserve to be named the same day -wdth om- dear mother.
In enumerating the evils with which the people of New Eng
land were obUged to contend, he says, it is cause " for humilia
tion, that our sins have exposed us to live among such wicked
sinners," with whom he ranks " Atheists and Quakers."
Mr. Whiting married two wives in England, By his first wife
he had three chUdren, Two of them were sons, who, with their
mother, died in England. The other was a daughter, who came
with her father to America, and married Mr. Thomas Weld,' of
Roxbury, His second wife was Elizabeth St, John of Bedfordshire, to
whom he was married in 1630. She waa a daughter of OUver
St, John, Chief Justice of England in the time of OUver Crom
weU. She came to Lynn with her husband, and died on the
18

274 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1679.
third of March, 1677, aged 72 years. She was a woman of
uncommon piety, seriousness, and discretion; and not only
assisted her husband in writing his sermons, but by her care
and prudence relieved hiifl from all attention to temporal con
cerns. [Mrs. Whiting was a sister, not a daughter, of Chief Justice
St. John. Her pedigree, as given by Clifford Stanley Simms,
of Philadelphia, may be found in the New England Historical
and Genealogical Register, v. 14, p, 61, It is there stated that
Elizabeth St. John Whiting was sixth cousin to King Henry
VII. Through the Beauchamps, she descended from the Earls
of Warren and Surrey ; from the Earls of Warwick, from William
the Conqueror, and from King Henry I. of France, Indeed her
pedigree is traced to William the Norman, in two distinct lines ;
and in her were united tbe lineage of ten of tbe sovereigns of
Europe, a confluence of noble blood not often'witnessed. And
yet she appears to have passed her days here at Lynn, undis
turbed by ambitious yearnings, cleaving lovingly to her worthy
husband, and sedulously perforraing the duties of a laborious
pastor's wife. Surely here is an exaraple of huraility for some
of the worldlings who now traverse our streets, swelling with
pride if they can trace their lineage to an ancestor who bore,
however ignobly, some small title, or who happened to possess,
liowever unworthily, a few more acres or a few more dollars
than the multitude around him.]
By bis second wife, Mr. Whiting had six children ; four sons
and two daughters. One daughter married the Rev, Jeremiah
Hobart of Topsfield ; and one son and one daughter died at
Lynn. The other three sons received an education at Cam
bridge. '
1. Rev, Samuel Whiting, Jn, was born in England, 1633.
He studied with his^ father, at Lynn, and graduated at Cam
bridge, in 1653, He was ordained minister of Billerica, 11 No
vember, 1663 ; preached the ArtiUery Election Sermon, in 1682;
and died 28 February, 1713, aged 79 years. The narae of his
wife was Dorcas, and he had ten chUdren, 1, Elizabeth, 2,
Sarauel. 3. Rev. John, minister at Lancaster ; where he was
kiUed hy the Indians, 11 September, 1697, at the age of 33, 4,
Oliven 5, Dorothy, 6, Joseph, 7, James, 8, Eunice, 9,
'Benjamin. 10. Benjamin, again.
2. Rev. John Whiting, graduated at Cambridge, in 1653.
He returned to England, became a rainister of tbe Church, and
died at Leverton, in Lincolnshire, 11 October, 1689, very exten
sively respected.
3. Rev, Joseph Whiting, graduated in 1661, He was ordained
at Lynn, 6 October, 1680, and soon after removed to Southamp
ton, on Long Island, He married Sarah Danforth, of Cambridge,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1680, 275
daughter of Thomas Danforth, Deputy Governor. He had six
children, born at Lynn. 1. Samuel, born 3 July, 1674. 2, Jo
seph, b, 22 Nov, 1675. 3, Joseph, again, b. 8 May, 1677. 4.
Tbomas, b. 20 May, 1 678. 5. Joseph, again, b. 14 Jan, 1680,
6. John, b. 20 Jan. 1681, AU except the first and sixth, died
withiaa few weeks of their birth,
Ofthe descendants of Mr. Whiting, now [1844] living, are the
Rev, Samuel Whiting, minister at Billerica ; and Henry Whiting,
an officer in the service of tbe United States, and author of a
beautiful little Indian tale, entitled Ontwa, or the Son of the
Forest. [Caroline Lee Hentz, one of the raost esteemed of Araerican
prose writers, descended from this venerable minister of the
Lynn church. Sbe was a daughter of Gen. John Whiting, who
did good service in tbe Revolution, and died at Washington, in
1810. And Gen. Henry Whiting, of the United States army,
quite distinguished also for his literary attainments, was a bro
ther of hers. She was born at Lancaster, Mass., in 1800, and
was married in 1825, at Northampton, to Mr. N. M. Hentz, a
French gentleman of education and talents, who was at that
time, in connection with George Bancroft, the historian, con
ducting a seminary at Northampton. Soon after marriage, they
removed to North Carolina, Avhere Mr. Hentz became a profes
sor in the college at Chapel Hill. They afterward lived at
Covington, Ky. ; then at Cincinnati; and then at Florence, Ala.,
where they established a fiourishing seminary. In 1843, they
removed their school to Tuscaloosa, Florida; and afterward
they resided at Columbus, Ga. Mrs. Hentz died at the resi
dence of her son. Dr. Charles A. Hentz, at Mariana, Florida, in
1856. And within a year afterward, her accomplished husband
died at the same place. Hon. Jeremiah Mason, the distinguished
lawyer and United States Senator, from New Hampshire, who
died 'at Boston, 4 October, 1848, aged 80, was a descendant
from Mn Whiting ; and the late Rev. Dr, Charles Mason, rector
of Grace Church, Boston, son of Jeremiah, was conspicuous for
his talents and piety,
[In May, of this year, a new troop was formed at Lynn, con
sisting of forty-eight men, who petitioned the General Court
that Capt. Richard Walker might be appointed commander. The
magistrates naraed Walker, for captain ; Ralph King, lieutenint ;
John Lewis, cornet ; and Williara Bassett, quarter-inasten]
1680,
[On the 9th of June, tbe town of Groton voted to give Thomas
Beall, of Lynn, tanner, ten acres of land, provided he would go
and live there, " and be not aUeriating or seUing it," Probably
he did not accept tbe offer, for on the 14th of August, 1691,

276 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1680,
the town ofLynn voted, "that Thomas Beall should live in the
watch house,"
[Joseph Armitage died this year. In the administration ac
count, filed in July, occur these items : " For coffin, vaile,
and digging the grave, 14s, In wine and Sider, for his buriall,
£2,"] On the 6th of October, Mr, Jeremiah Shepard was ordained
pastor, and Mr, Joseph Whiting teacher, of the church at Lynn,
On the 18th of November, a very remarkable coraet made its
appearance, and continued about two months. The train was
thirty degrees in length, very broad and bright, and nearly
attained the zenith, A memorandum on a Bible leaf, thus re
marks : " A blazing star, at its greatest height, to my appre
hension, terrible to behold." It was regarded hy most people
with fear, as the sign of some great calamity. This was the
comet on which Sir Isaac Newton made his interesting obser
vations. While the party, who were pred eminent in religious
affairs, were noting every raisfortune which befell those of a
different opinion, as the judgments of God ; they, on the other
hand, regarded the earthquakes, the coraets, and the blighting
of the wheat, as raanife stations of his displeasure against their
persecutors, [Judge Sewall reraarks, in an interleaved alraanag,
about tbe time the comet disappeared, " And thus is this prodi
gious spectacle removed, leaving the world in a fearful expectar
tion of what raay foUow, Sure it is that these things are not
sent for nothing, though man cannot say particularly for what.
They are by most thought to be forerunners of evU coming
upon the world, though some think otherwise." So, it appears,
there were some above the comraon superstitions of the time.
The period of this comet being five hundred and seventy-five
years, it will not agiain appear tiU the year 2255. And how
inconceivable must be tbe distance that it journeys into space,
moving as it does in the known portions of its orbit, with start
ling rapidity. Increase Mather, in his introduction to a lecture,
remarks, "As for the blazing star which hath occasioned this
discourse, it was a terrible sight indeed, especially about the
middle of December last,"]
Dn PhUip Read, of Lynn, complained to the court at Salem,
of Mrs, Margaret Gifford, as being a witch. She was a respect
able woman, and wife of Mn John Gifford, formerly agent for
the Iron Works, The complainant said, "he verily beUeved
that she was a witch, for there were some things which could
not be accounted for by natural causes," Mrs, Gifford gave no
regard to her summons, and the Court very prudently suspended
their inquiries,
" We present the wife of John Davis, of Lynn, for breaking
her husband's head with a quart pot," (Essex Court Rec) ,}¦

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1681, 1682. 277

1681. ,
[Samuel Worcester a representive to the General Court, from
Bradford, died in the road, on the night of 20 February, in what
is now Saugus, on his way to Boston, to attend an adjourned
session. He was a son of Rev. Williara Worcester, and was a
man distinguished for his piety and enterprise. He had walked
from Bradford, and, much wearied, gained the tavern at Saugus.
Being unable to obtain accommodation there, he endeavored to
reach the house of a /riend. In the morning, he was found
dead, in the middle of the road, in a kneeling posture. He was
-){ the family from which Rev. Dr. Worcester, the congregational
minister who for some time supplied the pulpit at Swampscot,
descended.] In town meeting, on tbe 2d of March, the people voted that
Mr. Shepard should be allowed eighty pounds, lawful money, a
year, for his salary ; one third of which was to be paid in money,
and the other two thirds in articles of domestic production, at
stipulated prices. Besides the salary, a contribution was kept
open. [A great drought prevailed during the sumraer months. The
growing crops were injured to the amount of many thousand
pounds. " Yet God hath gratiously left vs enough for a meat
and drink offering," piously adds Bradstreet, in his journal,
[The Court passed an order that Lynn raight have two Ucensed
public houses,]
1682.
The Meeting House was this year removed from Shepard
street to the centre of the Common and rebuUt, It was fifty
feet long, and forty-four wide. It had folding doors on three
sides, without porches. The top of each door was formed into
two semicircular arches. The windows consisted of small dia-
.mond panes set in sashes of lead. The floor was at first supplied
with seats ; and pews were afterward separately set up by indi
viduals, as tbey obtained permission ofthe town. By this means
the interior came at length to present a singular appearance.
Some of the pews were large, and some smaU ; some square,
and some oblong ; some Avith seats on three sides, and some
with a seat on one side ; some with smaU oak panels, and some
with large pine ones ; and most of them were surmounted by a
little balustrade, with small columns, of various patterns, accord
ing to the taste of the proprietors. Most of the square pews had
a chair in the centre, for the comfort of the old lady or gentle
man, the master or mistress ofthe family, by whom it was occu
pied. One pew, occupied by black people, was elevated above
tbe stairs in one corner, near to the ceiling, [Meeting-house
X

278 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1682,
pews are considered to have been a New England invention,]
The gaUeries were extended on three sides, supported by six
oak columns, and guarded by a turned balustrade. Tbey were
ascended by two flights of stairs, one in each corner, on the
south side. The pulpit was on the north side, and sufficiently
large to contain ten persons. The top of the room was unceiled
for many years, and exhibited enormous beams of oak, travers
ing the roof in all directions. The light from the diamond
windows in the gables shining down upon the great oak beams,
presented quite a picturesque appearance. The roof presented
four pediments ; and was surmounted by a cupola, with a roof
in the form of an inverted tunnel. It had a small bell, which
was rung by a rope descending in the centre of the room. The
town meetings continued to be held in this house till 1806, [For
divers facts, traditions and legends, connected with this interest
ing edifice, see " Lin : or, Jewels of the Third Plantation." It
was universally known as the Old Tunnel Meeting House, and
remained on the Common till 1827. It stood opposite Whiting.
street. [Noadiah Russell, tutor at Harvard College, in a journal kept
by bim, under date 26 March, gives an account of a remarkable
thunder storm which took place in the latter part of the after
noon, it being Sunday. There was a high wind and much hail,
and tbe stones being large, many panes of glass were broken,.
And he adds these remarkable details, which he says were sent
in a letter from Rev. Mr. Shepard, of Lynn, to Mrs. Margaret
MitcheU, of Cambridge, dated 3 AprU, 1682 : " Moreover, at Lyn,
after sun down, as it began to be' darkish, an honest old man,
Mn Handford, went out to look for a new moon, thinking the
moon had changed, when in the west he espied a strange black
cloud, in which, after some space, he saw a raan in arras com
plete, standing with his legs straddling, and having a pike in his
hands, which he held across his -breast ; which sight y" man,
with his wife, saw, and many others. After a while y" man
vanished, in whose room appeared a spacious ship, seeming
under saU, though she kept the same station. They saw it, they
said, as apparently as ever they saw a ship in the' harbour w'h
was to their iraagination the handsomest of ever tbey saw, with
a lofty stem, tbe head to tbe south, hull black, the saUs brightl-
A long and resplendent streamer came from y" top of y* mast-^
this was seen for a great space, both by these and other of y'
same town. After this they went in, where, tarrying but a
whUe, and looking out again, aU was gone, and y° sky as clear
as ever,"
[This was, no doubt, an instance of the mirage produced
by atmospheric refraction. Several remarkable instances are
recorded in eariy New England history, of which the phan-

OLD TUNNEL MEETING HOUSE, i,YNN. 1082. See p 277.
hi the foreground are a couple of unruly wights confined
iu the Stocks , likewise a Dame on her pillion
taking an au-ing with her Good-man,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1682.

279

tom ship at New Haven, furnishes an example. Similar occur
rences are often witnessed at this day, in this vicinity; but
being easily accounted for, attract little attention. Our forefa
thers, not having raade themselves acquainted with tbe natural
causes of such appearances, and withal being fond of viewing
theraselves as objects of special notice with the powers above,
awarded thera supernatural honors. And their fears being ex
cited, their iraaginations had assistance in filling up what was,
perhaps, a very dim outline, and in rendering vivid what would
otherwise have appeared very dull. And in like manner, it is
probable that sorae^ things which to us appear wonderful and
inexplicable, will to people of future years appear plain and
natural, Mr, Lewis gives the following sketches, which aptly
iUustrate atmospheric phenomena occasionally seen hereabout.

PHANTOM SHIPS.

SUNRISE ON THE WATER,

[In another entry made by Mr, Russell, under date 16 August,
occurs this passage: "The next day, being Fryday, I went t(j
wait on some corapany to Lynspring, where,~for company's sake,
drinking too much -dbld water, I set myself in an ague w""* cama
on again on Sabbath and on Tuesday." Does he refer to tho
Lynn Mineral Spring? The romantic grounds adjacent were
visited by little pleasure parties at an early period.]

280 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1683, 1684, 1685.

1683.
This year the heirs of Major Tbomas Savage sold the six
hundred acres, caUed Hammersmith, or the lands of tbe Iron
Works, to Samuel Appleton, who thus becarae possessed of the
whole property. In 1688, be sold the whole to James Taylor,
of Boston, who was the last proprietor of the Iron Works, of
whom I have found any record. They probably ceased opera
tions about this tirae. [I think Mn Lewis's stateraent here,
concerning the lirae of the discontinuance of the Iron Works
is raore correct than his statement under date 1671, where he
makes tbem to have been in operation, to some extent, tUl about
tbe middle of century 1700.]
1684,
A letter written at HaverhUl, this year, by N. Saltonstall, to «
the captain of a militia company, thus proceeds : " I. have orders
also to require you to provide a flight of colors for your foot
company, the ground field or .fiight whereof is to be green, with
a red cross in a white field in the angle, according to the ancient
custom of our own EngUsh nation, and the English plantations
in North America, and our own practice in our ships." This Was
the American standard, tUl the stripes and stars of 1776.
[The Englisb High Court of Chancery, at Trinity Terra, gave
judgment against the Massachusetts Government and Company,
" that their letters patent and tbe enrolment thereof be cancel
led." tTbis was the dissolution of the beloved old Chartejr, and
a fresh impulse was given to those political agitations which
surged on till tbe whole aspect of things was changed ; indeed
till the colonies became an independent nation.]
1685,
Tbe foUowing singular deposition is transcribed from the
files of the Quarterly Court, and is dated 1 July, 1685: "The
deposition of Joseph Parr, and John Burrill, junior, testifieth
and saith, that they being at the house of Francis BurrUl, and
tbere being some difference betwixt Francis BurriU and Benja
min Farr, and we abovesaid understanding that the said Benja
min Farr had been a suitor to Elizabeth BurriU, tbe daughter of
Francis BurriU, and he was something troubled that Benjamin
had been so long from bis daughter, and the said Francis Burrill,
told the said Benjamin Farr that if he had more love to his marsh,
or to any estate of bis, than to his daughter, he should not go
into his house ; for he should be left to his liberty ; be should
not be engaged to any thing more than he was freely wilUng to
give his daughter, if he had ber ; and this was abaut two days
before they was married," ' '

ANNALS OP^TNN — 1685, 281
[A fast was appointed, 14 July, on account of the prevailing
drought. Great ravage's were committed by caterpillars.]
At a town meeting, on the first of December, the people
voted, that no inhabitant should cut any gr'een tree upon the
common lands, whicb was less than one foot in diameter.
The following petition of some of the inhabitants of Lynn,
for a remuneration of their services in the Wampanoag war, was
presented this year.
To the Honoured Gfovernor and Company, the General Court ofthe Massa
chusetts Bay, that is to be assembled the 27 May, 1685, the humble petition
of several inhabitants of Lynn, who were sold, impressed, and sent forth
for the service of the country, that was with the Indians in the long march in
the Nipmugg country, and che fight at the fort in NaiTagansett, hUmbly show
eth, That your petitioners did, in obedience unto the authority which God hath
Set over them, and love to their country, leave theh deare relations, sorae of us
our dear wives and children, which we would have gladlv reraained at home,
and the bond of love and duty would have bound us to choose rather 'soe to
have done considering the season and time ofthe year, when that hard sei-vice
was to be performed. But your petitioners left what was dear, to them, and
preferred the publique weal above the private enjoyments, and did cleave
thereunto, and exposed om-selves to the difficulties and' hardships ofthe winter,
as well as the dangers of that cruel warr, with consideration to the eneray.
What our hardships and difficulties were is well known to sbrae of your wor
ships, being our honoured raagistrates, as also what mercy it was from the
Lord, who alone preserved us, and gave us om- lives for a prey, by leading us
through such imminent dangers, whereby the Lord gave| us to see raany of
our dear friends lose their blood and life, which might have been our case,
but that God soe disposed toward us deliverance and strength to returne to
our homes, which we desire to remember and acHiowledge to his raost glori
ous praise. But yet, we take the boldnes to signifie to this honored Com-t,
how that service was noe whitt to our particular outward advantage, but to
the contrary, rauch to our disadvantage. Had we had the liberty of staying
at home, as our neighbors had, though we had paid double rates, it would
have been to our advantage, as indeea we did pay our properties by our es
tates in the publick rates to the utmost bounds. Notwithstanding all, yet we
humbly conceive, that by the suppression ofthe enemy which God of his great
mercy vouchsafed, wee poor soldiers and servants to the country were instru
ments to procure much land", which we doubt not shall and will be improved,
by the prudence of this honored Court, unto people tbat need most especially.
And we, your poor petitioners, are divers of us in need of land, for want
whereof some of us are forced upon considerations of departing this Colony
and Govemment, to seek accomraodations whereby the better to maintaine the
charge in our families, with our wives and children, and to leave unto them,
when the Lord shall take us away by death, which we must expect. And
divers of us have reason to fear our days may be much shortened by our hard
service in the war, from the pains and aches of our bodies, that we feel in our
bones and sinews, and lameness thereby taking hold of us much, especially at
the spring and fall, whereby we are hindered and disabled of that ability for
our labour wbich we constantly had, through the mercy of God, before, that
served in the wan-s. Now, your poore petitioners are hopeful this honored
Cpurt will be moved with consideration and sorae respect to the poor soldiery,
and particularly to us, that make bold to prefer our petition, humbly to crave,
that we, whose naraes are hereunto subscribed, may be so graciously consid
ered by tbis honored Court as to grant us some good tracks of land in the
Nipmugg counti-y, where we may find a place for a township, tbat we, yom-
petitioners, and our posterity may Uve ui the same colony wbere our fathers
X*

282 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1686, 1687.
did» and left us, and probably many of those who went fellow soldiers in the
war may be provided for, and their children also, in the portion of conquered
lands their fathers fought for. Your petitioners think it is- but a very reasona
ble request, which will be no way offensive to this honored Court, which, if
they shall please to grant unto your petitioners, it will not only be satisfaction
to theu- spirits for their service already done, but be a future obligation to them
and theirs after them for future service,, and ever to pr^y.
This petition was signed by twenty-five inhabitants of Lynn,
, whose names werS': William Bassett, John Farrington, Nathan-
.iel BaUard, Timothy Breed, Jonathan Locke, Daniel Johnson,
Widow Hathorne, Samuel Tarbox, Samuel Graves, John Ed
munds, Samuel Johnson, Daniel Golt, Joseph Hawkes, Andrew
Townsend, John Davis, Joseph Collins, Samuel Mower, Robert
iPotter, senior, Joseph Mansfield; Robert Driver, John Richards,
John Lindsey, Philip Kertland, Joseph Breed, Henry Rhodes.
?Tt was also signed by sixteen persons of other towns. On the
3d of June, the Court granted them a tract of land in Worcester
county, eight mUes square, on condition that thirty families, with
an orthodox minister, should settle there within four years.
[Oliver Purchis of Lynn, was appointed on a committee to
revise the laws. He was also elected Assistant ; but the record
adds, " he declined his oath," He had not probably finished
his days of vexation and mourning on account of the dissolution
of the old Charter,]
1686,
Mr, Oliver Purchis was chosen Town Clerk,
" A great and terrible drouth, mostly in the 4th month, [June]
and continued in the 5th month, with but little rain ; but the
18tb, being the Sabbath, we had a sweet rain."
James Quonopohit and David Kunkshamooshaw, descendants
of Nanapashemet, sold a lot of land on the west side ofthe Iron
Works' pond, on the 28tb of July, to Daniel Hitchings, •
_ [This year, also, David Kunkshamooshaw, and divers of his
kindred, heirs of old Sagamore George No-Nose alias Wenepoy
kin, gave a deed confirming the title of the town to the lands
on which it stood. For a copy of this deed, and reraarks con
cerning it, see page 49, et seq.]
1687,
At a town meeting on the 15th of February, "the town voted
the Selectmen be a committee to look after encroached lands,
or highways, from Francis BurriU's barn to tbe gate that is bv
Timothy Breed's, or parcels of land in places least prejudicial
to the town, and make good sale of any of them on the Town's
behalf, for money to pay the Indians at tbe tirae appointed, and
the necessary charges of that affair."
On the 16th of February, Capt, Thomas MarshaU exchanged

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1687. 283
with the town his right in Stone's meadow, in Lynnfield, for a
right in Edwards's meadow ; and the town, at the request of^Mn
Shepard, made a grant of it to the ministry,
[Thomas Newhall, aged 57, the. first white person born in
Lynn, was buried in the Old Burying Ground, near the west
end of Lynn Common, 1 AprU.]
Mr. Shepard kept the school several month^ this winter. Ed
ucation, with the children of the early settlers, was a matter of
convenience rather than of accomplishment, I have seen tbe
signatures of several hundreds df the first settlers, and have fac
similes of many, and they are quite as good as an equal number
of signatures taken at random at the present day. But in clear
ing the forest, and obtaining a subsistence, they had little leisure
for their children to spend in study ; and a month or two in
winter, under the care of the minister, was the principal oppor
tunity which tbey had to obtain the little learning requisite for
their future life. The consequence was, that the generations
succeeding the early settlers, from 1650 to 1790, were generally
less learned than tbe first settlers, or than those who have lived
since tbe Revolution,
[The stateraent of Mr, Lewis in the second sentence of the
foregoing paragraph may rather confuse than enlighten. The
establishment of schools here, had a reUgious purpose. Thus,
tbe legislative enactment of 1647, commences, " It being one
chief proiect of y* ould deludor, Satan, to keepe men from the
knowledge of y® Scriptures, as in former times by keeping them
in an unknown tongue, so in these latter times, by persuading
from y^ use of tongues, y' so at least y® true sence and raeaning
of y^ originall might be clouded by false glosses of saint-seeming
deceivers, y' learning may not be buried in y^ grave of our
fathers in y" cburch and comraonwealth, y^ Lord assisting our
endeavors : It is therefore ordered y* every towneship in this
jurisdiction after y^ Lord hath increased them to y* number of
50 householders shaU then forthwith appoint one within their
tov?ne to teach all such chUdren as shall resort to him, to write
and reade," &c. . . . "And it is further ordered, y' where any
towne shall increase to y* number of 100 famUies, or household
ers, they shaU set up a grammar schoolfe, y'' master thereof being
able to instruct youth so farr as they raay be fitted for y« uni
versity, provided y* if any towne neglect y® perforraance hereof
above one yeare, then every such towne shall pay £5 to y* next
schoole tiU they shaU performe this orden" In 1654, tbe Court
prohibited the teaching of schools by persons of "unsound
doctrine." Were sucb a 'prohibiMon in force now, we should
see ina glaring Ught the result of the reUgious independency
they held so dean Who would be authorized to determine
what unsound doctrine is? And is it not a melancholy fact,

284 ANNALS OF LTNN — 1688.
that in our day, either from an undefinable fear of meddling
with some right of conscience, or from some other loose appre-'
hension, the intellectual training in our schools is ti-eated as
altogether superior to the moral-? Nay has not the moral been
well-nigh thrust out of doors? And yet, is it not, in sober
truth, of quite as much importance that children should, day by
day, be instructed in the principles that are to rule their desti
nies for all eternity, as in the principles that have relation only
to the arts of money making or at best mere inteUectual disci
pline? It does not appear that the Bible was used, at least to
much extent, as a school book, our discreet fathers probably
having too much veneration for the sacred volume to devote it,
intact, to so common a purpose. But tbe Psalter, containing
extracts from Soloraon's Proverbs, selections from the Psalms
of David, and, in some editions, selections from the Parables
of the New Testament, was long in use. And we are persuaded
that no special evil would flow if a similar book were introduced
into the schools, whicb are the boast of this day. Even por
tions of the Church Prayer Book were used for devotional
purposes.]
1688. •
During the adrainistration of Sir Edmund Andros, the people
of Lynn had an opportunity of witnessing the tendency of arbi
trary government. Andros had been appointed by the British
King, James II., Governor of all New England, and came over
in 1686 to exercise that authority ; aud his administration, for
two years, was characterized by many acts of arbitrary power.
He asserted tbat the people of Massachusetts had forfeited their
charter, and_ that aU the lands belonged to the King, Edward
Randolph, his Secretary, looking round among these lands, to
see where he might establish a little dukedom, fixed his atten
tion upon the beautiful domain of Nahant, which he requested
tbe_ Governor to give to him. The following is a copy of his
petition.To his Excellency, Sir Edmund Andros, Knight, Governor, &c. &c.
The humble petition of Edward Randolph, that there is a certain tract of
land mgh the Township ofLynn, m tbe County of Essex, in this His Majesty's
ten-itoi-y and dominion, out offence and undivided, containing about five hun
dred aci;es, commonly called Nahant neck, for which your petitioner humbly
prays His Majesty's gi-ant, and that your Excellence would please to issue a
warrant to the Sui-veyor-General to admeasure the same, in order to passing
a patent, he paymg such moderate quiu-eht as your Excellence shall please to
•I'l'^ct' &«¦ En, Randolph,
On the reception of this modest petition, the CouncU on Fri
day, the third of February, directed the constables to " Give
pubUc notice in the said town of Lynn, thatj if any person or

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1688. 285
persons have any claim or pretence to the said land, tbey appear
before his ExceUency, the Governor, in Council, on Wednesday,
.the seventh of March next, then and there to show forth the
same, and why the said land may not be granted to" tbe peti
tioner," In pursuance of tbis order, the constable John Ed
munds, notified a town raeeting, which was held on the 5th of
March, when a coramittee was chosen, who made the following
representation.To his Excellency, Sir Edmund Andros, Knight, and our Honorable Gover
nor, with his Honorable Council to sit with him, on Wednesday, the seventh
of this instant March, 1688.
Having received an order upon the second day of this instant March, that
orders our constables of Lynn, or either of tbem, to give public notice in the
said town of Lynn, of a petition of Mr. Edward Randolph, Esq., read in a
council held in Boston, on the third day of Febmaiy, 1688, praying His Majes
ty's grant of a certain tract of land, therein called vacant land, lying nigh the
town of Lynn, called Nahant, &c,, as also, that, if any person or persons have
any claim or pretence to the said lands, they appear before his Excellency, in
council, on Wednesday, the seventh of this instant March, to show forth the
same, and why the said land may not be granted to the petition, &c.
Wherefore, we, the proprietors of the pasture of Nahant, and inhabitants
of Lynn, have, in obedience to our present Honorable Governor, and his Hon
orable Council, presented before tbem as followeth. *
Imprimis : Our humble and raost thankful acknowledgraent of the favor
showed unto us, in giving us notice of such an enterprise, as whereby, should it
take effect, would so extremely indaraage so many of His Majesty's good sub
jects at once ; whereby we conclude His ExceUency, our Honorable Governor,
and his Honorable Council, are such as will search for and do justice, and
maintain the cause of the innocent, weak, and poor, as we humbly and sin
cerely acknowledge ourselves to be ; and yet being clearly satisfied of our just
right in the tract of lands petitioned for, have good hope our honorable rulers
will, of clemency and justice, adhere to, hear and weigh reasons herein pre
sented, why we cannot comply with Mr. Edward Randolph's petition for the
alienation of our Nahants; which, we humbly conceive, is groundlessly repre
sented to be a parcel of vacant land, and therefore must apply ourselves to
demonstrate to our Honorable Govemor, and his Honorable Council the con
trary. And although the tirae is very short indeed for us to lay before your
Hbnors'to vindicate our just right to our Nahants, yet our endeavors shall be
as effectual as we can in so short a tirae as we have to bethink ourselves, and
show your Honors, that it is not vacant land, and that the proprietoi-s have a
true ahd just right thereunto, wherefore we present your honoi-s as followeth.
That we have in our records, that in the year li635, this ti-act of land, viz,
our Nahants, was in the hands ofthe freemen ofLynn to dispose of; who did
then grant unto several inhabitants to plant, and build upon, and possess ; and,
if they did not perform the conditions, they, to whom it was granted, forfeited
the land to the town again, to dispose as shall be thought fit; and among
those to whpm these lands were granted, that worthy and honoyable gentle
man. Ml-. Humphreys, was one, who was a patentee and an assistant in the
first government; therefore, sure it was the town's land then,
'That these inhabitants that did build and dwell there, they were tributaries,
or tenants, and paid their yearly ^ent to the town as long as they lived, or
were removed by the town ; as to instance, one Robert Coates yet living, to
testify it.
There have been some tbat have laid claim to this land called Nahant, and
commended suit at law with the town for it, but were cast at law, the Court

286 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1688,
that then was gave the town the case, justified the town's right, and never
denied it, nor blamed them about it, ,
This tract of land, it hath been divided' into planting lots to the several pro
prietors by a vote of the town, as appears in our records. Anno, 1656, and the
whole fenced as a common field, and the lots been improved by the proprie
tors, in planting, tilling, and manuring ; and aftei-ward, by the agreem'ent of
the proprietors, converted into a pasture ; and so, ever since to this day im
proved ; so we have by hard labor and industry subdued it, and brought it
into so good a capacity as it is at this day, for the town's future benefit and
no other.
We have honestly purchased said tract of land with our money, ofthe orig
inal proprietors ofthe soil, viz. the Natives, and have firm confirmation thereof,
under their hands and seals, according to law.
We have possessed and improved the said tract of land upwards of fifty
years, for so long since it hath been built upon, inhabited by tenants paymg
tbeir acknowledgments year after year.
We hope arguments of this nature wUl be swaying with so rational a com
monwealth's man as Mr, Randolph, who hath ever pretended gi-eat respect to
His Majesty's subjects among us, and an earnest care and desire to promote
their welfare and prospra-ity. The premises considered, we believe a gentle
man, under such circumstances, wUl not be injurious, by seeking a particular
benefit, to impoverish and disadvantage so many of His Majesty's good sub
jects, by seeking the alienation of such a tract of land, so eminently useful
and needful for those proprietors now in possession of it — it being a thing so
consistent with Hi^ Majesty's pleasure, that his subjects should enjoy their
properties and flourish under his government.
We are confident, therefoi-Q, that this Honorable Council wiU be solicitous
for the promoting our welfare, as not to suffer us to be impoverished by the
alienation of such a considerable tract of land, as this will do, if it should be
alienated, — yea, we are bold to say again, extremely prejudicial, if not impov
erish the body ofthe inhabitants of Lynn, who live not upon traffic and trading,
as many seaport towns do, who have greater advantages, but upon husbandry,
and raising such stocks of cattle and sheep as they are capable, and as their
outlands wUl afford ; for this, our Nahant is such a place for us as God and
nature hath fitted and accommodated with herbage ; and likewise, the only
place about us for security for our creatures from the teeth of ravening wolves ;
which, this last summer, as well as formerly, have devoured very many tliat
fed in other places about us, to the very great damage of sundry of our inhab
itants accordingly. Therefore, the said tract of land h^th been iraproved by
the pi-oprietors as a grazuig field with great benefit to the body of the whole
town, which otherwise would be exposed to great hardships, inconveniences,
and difficulties, to obtain a poor living; and, therefore, we cannpt but be
deeply sensible, that, if the said pasture be alienated from us, our poor famUies
wUl be vei-y great sufferers, and we shall be rendered vei-y uncapable, either
to provide for them, or to contribute such dues and duties to His Majesty's
government set over us, which othei-wise we might be capable of, and shaU
always readily and carefully attend unto our utmost capacity.
And we humbly trust, our Honorable Governor and his Honorable Council
will show us the favor, as in their wisdoms, to weigh and consider. weU our
dutiful application to their order, to give in and show our reasons why we
claim "this said tract of land to be our right, as not to suffer any ahenation of
that which we do so much need for our gi-eat comfort and benefit ; but rather
grant us further confirmation thereof, if need require.
And thus we, the proprietors of the tract of land, even our Nahant, that i^
petitioned for, have taken notice of your Honors' order, and have, this first
day of March, 1687-8, made choice of a committee, to consider what is meet
to lay before your Honors, and of messengers, to appear and present the same
to your ExceUency, our Honorable Governor, and the Honorable CouncU ;

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1688, 287
which, if these things are not satisfactory, we then in huraUity crave the favor
of His Excellency and his Honoi-a.ble CouncU for such a trial and process as
the law may admit of in such a case, wherein persons are in possession of
lands, as we of this said tract, having tenants thereon; and further time and
opportunity being gi-anted, we doubt not but we shall produce such valid
confirraations of our true and honest title to said tract of land, as shall be abun
dantly satisfactory to our honored i-uler.=!, and put a period to further derates
about it. So we rest and reraain. His Majesty's most loyal subjects, and your
Excellency's and Council's raost hurable servants. The Committee, in the
name and behalf of the Proprietors of Nahant. Thomas Laughton
' Ralph King,
John Lewis,
Oliver Purchis,
John Burrill,
Edward Richards,
John Fuller.
It raay appear strange to many, at this time, to notice tbe
bumble and almost abject demeanor ofthe comraittee, ae evinced
in the preceding address. They doubtless thought, that nothing
would be lost by soft words ; but the spirit of freeraan was at
length roused, and ample, vengeance was soon to be taken on
the aggressors of arbitrary power. Notwithstanding tbe repre
sentations of the committee, Mr. Randolph persisted in his de
mand, and renewed bis claim as follows.
To His Excellence, Sir Edmund Andros, Governor,
The humble representation of Edward Randolph, sheweth : That having,
by his humble petition to your Excellence, prayed a grant of a certain tract
of land lying in tbe township of Lynn, in the county of Essex, caUed Nahant,
your Excellence was pleased, by your order in Colincil, the third day of Feb-
i-uary last, to direct that the constables of the said town do give public notice
to tbe said town, that, if any person or persons have any claim or pretence to
the said land, they should appear before your Excellence in Council, on Wed
nesday, the seventh of this instant Mai-ch ; at which time several ofthe inhab
itants of the said town of Lynn did appear, and presented your Excellence
with a paper, containing their several objections to the said petition.
In answer whereunto is humbly offered as follows : That by their said prayer,
it does not appear the lands petitioned for, or any part thereof, were disposed
of to tbe inhabitants of Lynn, nor that the said town of Lynn was incorporated
in the year 1635, nor at any time since, and so not endowed with a power of
receiving or disposing such lands.
That the freemen of Lynn, mentioned in the first article of their said paper,
were not freemen of the corporation of Lynn, (as they would insinuate) but
inhabitants only in the township, and were admitted by the General Com-t to
be freemen ofthe Colony, with power to elect magistrates, etc., and then- town
ofLynn is equal to a village in England, and no othei-wise.
And in regard then- whole paper contains nothing more material than what
is expressed in their first ai-ticle, the petitioner hath nothing further to offer,
than to pray your Excellence's grant according to his petition. All which is
humbly submitted, Ed, Randolph,
On tbe reception of this petition, the people of Lynn held
another meeting, and addressed the Governor as follows.

288 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1688,
To His Excellency, Sir Edmund Andros, Knight, our Honorable Govemor,
Captain-General of His Majesty's Ten-itoi-y and Dominion in New England,
the humble address ofthe inhabitants ofLynn is humbly offered.
We, whose names are subscribed, having, by the favor of your Excellency,
good informatioii ofthe endeavors of some to seek the alienation of a tract of
land from us, called the Nahants, containing about four or five hundi-ed acres,
which will prove extremely prejudicial and injurious to the body of His Ma
jesty's subjects among us ; it being a tract of land honorably purchased ofthe
natives, the original proprietors of the soil, and possessed by our predecessors
and om-selves near upon sixty years, and to this day. We have also renewed
confirmations of the tract of land by firm deed from the successors of the
ancient proprietors, the natives ; having also been at great cost and charges,
and bard labor for the subduing of the said land, to bring it into so good a
capacity as it is in at this day ; having also defended our right to this tract of
land as well as others possessed by us, by blood and the loss of many lives,
both formerly, and especially in the late engagments, with the barbarous
pagans. The said tract of land having been built upon, also, and inhabited
upwards of fifty years. It hath been ploughed, planted, tilled, and manured,
and fenced in ; the fence remaining to this vei-y day, only wanting reparation ;
none ever, to this day, fi-om the first settlement of our plantation — called
formerly by the name of Saugus — dispossessing of us ; but we have main-
tamed our position and right, which hath been owned and defended by His
Majesty's forraer governraent set over us. The said tract of land being also
eminently beneficial and needful for the support of our inhabitants ; it being
improved for a grazing field for our sheep, and such other useful creatures as
can scarcely be preserved from the ravening wolves.
Therefore, we are sensible, that, by the alienation of such a tract of land
from us, so cu-cumstanced, many of His Majesty's good subjects — our honest,
innocent neighbors — wiU be exposed to great sufferings and hardships, and
we aU rendered incapable to contribute such dues and duties to His Majesty's
government set over us, as is our bounden duty, and which we shall always
readily attend, knowmg how consistent it is' with His Majesty's pleasure, and
how weU pleasmg to your Excellency, that we Uve and prosper under your
government. We request your Excellency, therefore, to condescend to cast a favorable
aspect upon the premises, and that our mean and shattered condition may not
mduce your conterapt, but rather obtam your pity and succor. And, therefore,
we confide m your ExceUency's favor for om- encouragmg answer to this our
petition, which is for the further and future enjoymg of om- Nahants.
By your Excellency's fatherly and compassionate gi-ant of such a patent for
fmther confii-mation thereof unto ourselves and hehs forever, upon a moderate
acknowledgment to be paid to His Royal Majesty, as may be consistent with
your Ji.xceUency's prudence, and most conducive to om- best behoof and ben-
eht, and so that we may live and prosper mider your government, that we may
have tranquillity mider the sarae from henceforth.
The second day of April, Anno Dommi, One Thousand Six Hundred Eighty ¦
and Eight. Annoqui Regni Regis Jacobi Secundi Quarto.
The above petition was signed by seventy-four inhabitants,
and, with the preceding papers, are preserved in the Massachu
setts archives. Tbeir interesting nature 'has induced me to
give thera entire. I have only corrected the spelling
The revenge which had been burning in the breasts of the
eastern Indians for twelve years, for their friends kiUed and
sold_ into slavery in 1676, this year broke out into open wan
Their animosity was increased by the instigation of Baron de St.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1689. 289
Castine, a Frenchman, who married a daughter of Madockawan-
do, the Penobscot chief. His house had been plundered by
Sir Edmund Andros, the Governor of Massachusetts, and this
induced him to join with the Indians, The French of Canada
. also united with them in their depredations, which were contin-'
ued, with intervals, tiU 1698, under the appellation of Castine's
war, A company of soldiers frora Lynn were irapresse.d, by
« order ofthe Governor, and sent out against the Indians in the
depth of winter. One of the soldiers from Lynn, Mr, Joseph
Ramsdell, was killed by them at Casco Bay, in 1690,
1689,
The assumptions of Andros and his lordly secretary, as may
well be supposed, gave great offence to the people of Lynn, and
there seems to liave been no other general topic of conversation
for several years. At length the spirit of the people'was roused
to such a degree, that, on the 19th of April, the inhabitants of
Boston rose in arms, wrested tbe power from Sir Edmund and
confined him a prisoner on Fort Hill until he was sent back to
England, The people ofLynn, who had not only been injured, but even
insulted by Governor Andros, united with some from other
towns, and went up to Boston, under the command of Rev. Jer
emiah Shepard, the minister of Lynn. A writer who was pres
ent says: "April 19tb, about 11 o'clock, tbe country came in,
headed by oue Shepard, teacher of Lynn, who were like so
many wild bears ; and the leader, raad with passion, more sav
age than any of his followers. All the cry was for the Governor
and Mr. Randolph." The Lynn people were doubtless some
what excited, but it may be noted, that the above account
of their conduct was written by a friend of Governor Andros,
[Mr, Lewis states, in a note, that tbis interesting passage was
copied from a manuscript Account of the Insurrection, among
the papers of the Archbishop of Canterbury, in the Lambeth
Palace, at London, and that it was probably written by Ran
dolph himself]
In the exigency of public affairs, town meetings were held,
and a Committee of Safety for the county of Essex appointed,
with directions to make a report of grievances, to be laid before
the governraent. The people of Lynn made the following rep
resentation. At Lynn, the 24th of May, 1689, upon a signification from Captam Jonathan.
Corwin, of the Committee of the County of Essex, to make mquiry mto the
grievances suffered under the late government, that it is expressed, that this
town, or any inhabitants therein, that have been aggrieved or burthened, do
manifest the same under tiieu- hand, to the Committee aforesaid, or to Cagtain
Jonathan Corwin to make known the same. We the Committee chosen by
Y 19

290 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1689.
the inhabitants ofLynn, on the 20th of May, 1CS9, to consider bf the significa
tion abovesaid, and to di-aw up what grievancf^i nnd burdens we have sustained
by the late government, &c., do declare, viz. Uint this poor tovm ofLynn have
sustained great wrong and damage by the said late government ; in that our
orderly, hdnest, and just rights, in a tract of land within the bounds of Lynn,
caUed Nahants, that hath been enjoyed, possessed, buih upon, and improved,
by fencing, planting, and pasturing, &c., by the to-wnship of Lynn, weU onward
to sixty yeai-s ; and yet, by the injurious, unjust, and covetous humors of some
vei-y Ul minded persons, upon petitions prefen-ed — as Mr. Randolph first, and .
Mary Baffin, of Boston, in the second place, when Mr. Randolph coulcl not
make his petition true and vaUd, then he throweth in Mary Daffin her petition
for the same lands, and as unjustly foimded as Mr. Randolph's. But on their
two petitions and vain pretences, we, the poor people of Lynn, have been, by
orders from the Governor and CouncU, called, summoned, and ordered to
appear at Boston, and to show and make good title to said lands before Su-
Edraund Andros, and- his CouncU, at one sitting, and a second sittmg, and so
a thu-d, and a fourth, to our great loss, and expense of time and moneys, and
no advantage nor benefit to us, because of delays and procrastinations, to screw
our raoneys out of our hands, and to make us pay, with a vengeance, for such
writings as we must be constrained to take forth. And thus we have been
grieved and oppressed, and put to loss, cost and damage, near one hundred
pounds, and never the better, no justice done us, and at last put upon a threat
ened necessity of patenting our own old enjoyed properties, and a denial of
our rights in any of our commons, always enjoyed, but now called King's lands,
and we denied to be any town. Thus we have been perplexed, vexed, and
oppressed, and impoverished ; and except the Lord had wrought for us, whose
name we bless, and give thanks to the worthy gentlemen, his instruraents, we
had been the worst of bondmen. Furthermore, we were debarred, by the late
government, of our constant liberty of town meetings but once in a year,
whereby we could not meet to consult of defending our rights in the premises,
because it should be charged with riot ; and also of keeping a watch for our
security from any dangers we had too just cause to fear, which was our great
grief and burthen ; and our abuses by the profane farmers of excise ; and our
sons, neighbors, and servants impressed and sent out so remote in the winter
season, and constrained hereunto, and all sufferings, and we understand not
upon what grounds.
Per order of, or in the name ofthe Town and Committee, Oliver Purchis, Cleric.
Jeremiah Shepard, aged- forty-two years, and John Burrill, aged fifty-seven
years, we, whose names are subscribed, being chosen by tlie inhabitants of
Ljrnn, in the Massachusetts Colony, in New England, to maintain their right
to theu- prijperties and lands, invaded by Sir Edmund Andres's government,
we do testify, that, (besides Su- Edmund Andros his unreasonable demands
of money, by way of taxation, and that without an assembly and deputies,
sent from our towns, according to ancient custom, for the raising of money
and levying of rates, ) our properties, our honest, and just, and true tides to
our larid were also invaded ; and particularly a great and considerable tract
of land, Called by the name ofthe Nahants, tbe only secure place for the graz
ing of some thousands of our sheep, and without which our inhabitants could
neither provide for theu- families, nor be capacitated to pay dues or duties for
the maintenance of the public, but, if dispossessed of, the town must needs
be impoverished, ruined, and rendered miserable. Yet this very tract of lani
being petitioned for by Edward Randolph, was threatened to be rent out of
our hands, notwithstanding our honest and just pleas for our right to the said
land, both by alienation of the said land to us by the original proprietors, the
natives, to whom we paid our moneys by way of purchase, and notwithstand
ing near sixty years peaceable and quiet possession, and improvement, and also

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1690, 291

enclosm-e ofthe said Jand by a stone wall; in \yhich tract of land, also, two
of our patentees were interested in coramon with us, viz. Major Humfrey and
Mr, Johnson ; yet Edward Randolph petitioning forthe said land. Sir Edmund,
the Govemor, did so far comply with his unreasonable motion, that we were
put to great charges and expense for the vindication of our honest rights
thereto. And being often before the Govemor, Sir Edmund, and his CouncU,
for rehef, yet could find no favor of our innocent cause by Sir Edmund ; not-
vrithstanding our pleas of purchase, ancient possession,^ enclosure, grant of
General Court, and our necessitous condition ; yet he told us that all these
pleas were insignificant, and we could have no true title, untU we could prove
a patent fi-om the king ; neither had any person a right to one foot of land in
New England, by virtue of purchase, possession, or grant of Court; but if we
would have assurance of our lands, we must go to the king for it, and get patents
of it. Finding no relief, (and the Govemor having prohibited town raeetings,)
wp eai-nestly desired liberty for our town to raeet to consult what to do in so
difficult a case and exigency, but could not prevail ; Sir Edmund angrily telling
us, that there was no such thing as a town in the country ; neither should we
have liberty so to meet; neither were our ancient records, as he said, which
we produced for our vindication of our title to the said lands, worth a rush.
Thus were we from time to time unreasonably treated, our properties, and
civil liberties, and privUeges invaded, our misery and ruin threatened and
hastened, till such time as our country, groaning under tbe unreasonable
heavy yoke of Sir Edmund's government, were constrained forcibly to .recover
our rights and privileges, Jeremiah Shepard,
John Burrill.
[Robert Driver petitions the Court that his son Solomon, who
had been impressed, raay be released, as some others bad been,
" as tbe life of bis wife Sarah is bound up in her son Solomon."
There is no record of tbe Court's answer.
[Capt, Ralph King died this yean He was a man of prora-
inence and usefulness. He left an estate quite considerable for
the tirae, the appraisal showing in amount £2.365 4s, Rev, Mr.
Shepard, WiUiam Bassett, senior, and John BaUard were ap
praisers,]
1690,
Tbe third inhabitant of Nahant, and the first permanent one,
was James Mills, He had a sraall cottage, which stood in the
field a few rods southeast from Whitney's hotel, wherein he
resided twenty-six years. He had three children ; Sarah, born
27 February, 1675; Jaraes, b. 11 October, 1678 ; and Dorothy,
b, 21 AprU, 1681. A bay on the south of Nahant having been
her favorite bathing place, bas received the name of Dorothy's
cove. The first Monthly Meeting ofthe Society of Friends, in Lynn,
was held at the house of Samuel CoUins, on the, 18th of July,
There were but five Lynn men present,
[The first paper raoney of Massachusetts was issued this year,
Tbere was an emission of 40.000 pounds, to defray the charges
ofthe Canada expedition.]

292 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1691, 1692.

1691.
Lieutenant John BurriU was chosen Representative '_' to the
great and generall Court," The pay of a Representative was
three shillings a day.
Mn John Burrill, junior, was chosen Town Clerk, in which
office be continued thirty years,
April 14. " eleraent Coldam and Joseph Hart were chosen
cannoners, to order and look after the great guns."
July 13, Lieutenant John FuUer was chosen Clerk of the
Writs, It is thus evident, that this office was not the same as
that of Town Clerk,
On the northern shore of Nahant is a ledge of rock, which
contains a portion of iron. Some of it was smelted in the foun
dry at Saugus, and more was taken for tbe forge at Braintree,
" It was voted that Mr, Hubbard of Braintree, should give three
shillings for every ton of Rock Mine that he has from Nahant,
to tbe town, for the town's use, and he to have so much as the
town sees convenient."
Mr. William Bassett was Quarter Master in the militia, and
collector of the parish taxes. People who held offices were
generally better known by their titles than by their first names,
[The titles were used partly to distinguish persons of the same
name, middle names not being then in use.]
December 21. At a meeting of the Selectmen, " Mr, Shepard,
with his consent, was chosen Schoolmaster for the year ensu-
iug." (Town Records.) 1692,
January 8. "It was voted tbat Lieutenant Blighe should
have liberty to set up a pew in tbe northeast corner of the
meeting bouse, by Mr, King's pew, and he to maintain the win
dows against it.
" The town did vote, that Lieutenant Fuller, Lieutenant Lewis,
Mn John Hawkes, senior, Francis BurriU, Lieutenant BurriU,
John BurriU, junior, Mn Henry Rhodes, Quarter Master Bassett,
Mr. Haberfield, Cornet Johnson, Mr. Bayley, and Lieutenant
Blighe, should sit at the table,
"It was voted, tbat Matthew Farrington, senior, Henry
SUsbee, and Joseph Mansfield, senior, should sit in the deacons'
seat. " It was voted, that Thoraas Farrar, senior, Crispus Brewer,
Allen Breed, senior, Clement Coldam, Robert Rand, senior,
Jonathan Hudson, Richard Hood, senior, and Sergeant Haven,
should sit in the pulpit,
"The town voted, that them that are surviving, that was
chosen by the town a committee to erect the meeting-house.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1692', 293
and Clerk Potter to' join along with them, should seat the in
habitants of the town in the meeting-house, both men and wo
men, and appoint what seats they shaU sit in ; but it is to be
understood, that they are not to seat neither the table, nor the
deacons' seat, nor the pulpit, but them to sit tbere as are voted
by the town.
"The town voted that Mr. Shepard should have liberty to
remove Mr. Shepard's pew, and to set it adjoining at the east
ward end of the pulpit."
Lieutenant John Lewis, Cornet Samuel Johnson, John Witt,
Joseph Breed, Thomas Farrar, junior, Joseph NewhaU, and
John Burrill, junior, were chosen Selectmen, "to order tbe pru
dential affairs of the town." These were the first Selectmen
ofLynn whose names are recorded in the town book.
" The town voted, that tbe persons undernamed, in answer to
their petition, should have liberty of the hindmost seat in the
gallery to sit in, and fit it up as' well as tbey please, in the north
east corner, provided they do no damage in hindering the light
of tbe window : Sarah Hutchins, Mary Newhall, Rebecca Bal
lard, Susanna Collins, Rebecca Collins, Ruth Potter, Jane Ballard,
Sarah Farrington, Rebecca NewhaU, Blizabeth Norwood, Mary
Haberfield." (Town Records.)
The year 1692 has been rendered memorable inthe annals of
our country, by tbe great excitement and distress occasioned by
imputed Witchcraft. It was an awful time for New England —
superstition was abroad in her darkest habiliments, scourging the
land, and no one but trembled before the breath of tbe destroyer,
for no one was safe. It seeraed as if a legion of tbe spirits of
darkness had been set free frora their prison house, with power
to infect tbe judgraent of the rulers, and to sport, in their wan
ton malice, with the happiness and the lives of tbe people. The
stories of necromancy in the darkest ages of the world — the
tales of eastern genii — the imaginary delineations of the poet
and the romancer — wild, and vague, and horrible as they may
seem — fall far short of tbe terrible realities, wbich were per
formed in the open daylight of New England, The mother at
midnight pressed her unconscious children to ber trembling
bosom — and the next day she was standing before a court of
awful men, with her life suspended on the breath of imagina
tion — or barred within the walls of a prison, and guarded by
Jan armed man, as if she were a thing to be feared — or swinging
in the breeze Isetween earth and sky, with thousands effaces
gazing up at her, with coraraingled expressions of pity and im
precation. The father, too, returned from his work at eve, to
his peaceful household — and in the morning he was lying ex
tended on a rough plank — with a heavy weight pressing on
his breast — tiU bis tongue had started from his mouth — and
Y*

294 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1692.
his soul had gone up to Him who gave it — and all this, that he
might be made to confess an imaginary crime.
The alarm of witchcraft coraraenced in February, in the house
of Rev, Samuel Parris, of Salem, with an Indian girl named
Tituba, Thirteen women and five raen were hung, and two.
Rev, George Burroughs and Giles Corey, pressed to deatb, be
cause tbey would not answer or confess. More than one hun
dred others were accused and imprisoned, of whom the following
belonged to Lynn :
1. Thomas Farrar was brought before the, court, at Salem,
18 May, and sent to prison at Boston, where he was kept until
2 November, more that five months. He was an elderly man,
and his son, Thomas Farrar, jun., was one of the selectmen
this year. He lived in Nahant street, and died 23 February,
1694, 2. Sarah Bassett was tried at Salem, May 23, and sent to
Boston prison, where sbe was kept untU December 3, seven
months. She was a daughter of Richard Hood, and wife of
William Bassett, jun., in Nahant street. She had a young child,
twenty-two months old, which she took with her to prison. The
next daughter which she had after her iraprisonraent, she called
" Deliverance," 3. Mary Derick, widow of Michael Derick, was. carried to
Boston prison. May 23, and kept there seven months. She was
a daughter of WilUam Bassett, senior.
4. EUzabeth Hart was arraigned and sent to Boston, May
18, wbere sbe was imprisoned until December 7 ; nearly seven
months. She was an old lady, the wife of Isaac Hart, and died
November 28, 1700.
5. Thomas Hart, son of Elizabeth Hart, in a petition to the
Court, October 19, says " he has been in prison ever since May,
for imputed witchcraft, and prays to be released."
[Mn Lewis must- be in error in this last paragraph, " Thomas
Hart, inhabitant at Lynn," presents a petition, on the 19th of Oc
tober, shewing " that whereas Blizabeth Hart, mother of the
petitioner, was taken into custody in the latter end of May last,
and ever since comraitted to prison in Boston jail, for witchcraft,"
&c. The petition among other things says: "Tbe father of
your petitioner, being ancient and decrepit, was wholly unable
to attend to this matter, and yoisr petitioner, having lived from
his chUdhood under the same roof with his said mother, he dare
presume to affirm that be never saw nor knew any iU or sinful
practice wherein, there was any shew of impiety nor witchcraft
by hen" And with strong expressions of filial regard, he begs
for her " speedy inlargement." The petition refers altogether
to bis mother, not to himself. Not a hint is dropped of his ever
having been imprisoned. The petition indicates a pious turn of

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1692. 295
mind, and one not exempt frora the common superstitions of the
time ; but anxiety about his mother seeras to predominate.]
6. Sarah Cole, the wife of John Cole, was tried at Charles
town, 1 February, 1693, and acquitted.
7. Elizabeth Proctor, wife of John Proctor, of Danvers, was
a daughter of William Bassett. She was condemned to death,
but was released on account of her peculiar circumstances. Her
husband was executed.
Tbat aged people, as some of those were, and respectable, as
they all were, should have been subjected to long imprisonment
and the danger of death, on the accusation of a few hoyden
J girls, of uncertain reputation, influenced by wUd malice, or a
I distempered imagination, is a matter which now excites our
! wonder and pity. , My readers will doubtless be anxious to
know what was said about the- accused frora Lynn. It is reaUy
too trifling for a serious record, and only raerits notice for its
consequences. The following is the testimony against Thomas Farrar. " The
deposition of Ann Putnara, who testifieth and saith, that on
the 8th of May, 1692, there appeared to rae the apperishion of
an old gray head raan, with a great nose, which tortored rae, and
alraost choaked me, and urged me to writ in his book ; and I
asked him what was bis najne, and from whence he fcarae, for I
would complain of bim ; and people used to call him old father
pharaoh; and he said he was my grandfather,' for my father
used to call him father ; but I tould bim I would not call him
grandfather, for he was a wizard, and I would complain of hira ;
and ever since he bath afflicted me by times, beating me, and
pinching me, and allmost choaking Epe, and urging me contine-
wally to writ in his book."
The testimonj' against Elizabeth Hart was as follows : " The
deposition of Mary Walcott, who testifieth and saith ^ that on
the 13th of May, 1692, 1 saw tbe apparition of Goody Hart, who
hurt me much by pinching and choaking of me ; and urged rae
grievously to set my band to her book, and several other times
she bas tormented me, ready to tare my body in pieces."
There were several other depositions, but these were the most
important ; yet on evidence like this, respectable people were
taken from their homes, and imprisoned more than half a year.
It is some satisfaction to know, that some of the judges and ju
rymen afterward saw their error and regretted it. Some resti
tution was also made, by tbe Court, to some of the sufferers.
Mary Derick was allowed £9, being at tbe rate of six shiUings
a week during her imprisonment, and £5, for her goods lost;
and Sarah Bassett was also allowed £9.
The first thing that opened the eyes of the prosecutors, and
tended to put a stop to accusations, was the "crying out"

296 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1694.
against the Rev. Jereuiiab Shepard, minister of the church at
Lynn, as a wizard 1 Every body saw the absurdity of tbe charge,
and the court w6re convinced that if the matter proceeded much
further, theraselves might not be safe. [But this unduly mag
nifies Mn Shepard. A number of eminent persons were " cried
out " against ; among them, the wife of Gov. Phipps and the
wife of Rev, Mn Hale, And are those free discussions on the
dark subject, entered into by the inteUigent young raen of Bos
ton, as well as the exertions of such men as Bradstreet, Brattle,
Calef, Danforth — who, by the way, had been Deputy Governor,
and was father-in-law of Rev, Joseph Whiting — and SaltonstaU,.
to pass for nought? It should not be overlooked that the
leaven of truth and good sense bad begun to actively work
among all classes,]
In reflecting on tbis subject, it should be remembered, that
people at tbat time generally beli'eved in witchcraft. ¦ It was
part of their religion, and under such a misconception of scrip
ture, the slightest indications were proof The more absurd,
improbable and even impossible a thing was, the more certain
it appeared — for many people very wisely conclude, that no
one would assert an impossibility, unless it were true ! We
wonder at the delusion of those days — but is there no mist
before our eyes at present ?
1694.
The society of Friends having increased, Mr, Shepard became
alarraed at tbeir progress, and appointed the 19tb of July, as a
day of fasting and prayer, " that the spirital plague might pro
ceed no further." [And tbe versatUe Mather says, " The spirit
of our Lord Jesus Christ gave a remarkable effect unto this
holy method of encountering the charms of Quakerism. It
proved a better method than any coercion of the civil magis
trate." This is very well. And if he hiraself had adhered to
the principle he" would doubtless have been tbe instruraent of
more good than is now placed to his credit. But with amusing
credulity he adds : " Quakerism in Lynn received, as I am
inforraed, a death wound frora that very day; and the nuraber
of Quakers in that place has been so far from increasing, that I
ara told it bas rather decreased notably."]
At a town meeting on the 25th of July, " Tbe constables
personally appearing, and declaring tbat they bad all warned
their several parts of the town, according to their warrants,
and so many being absent from said raeeting, the town did then
vote and give power to Jacob Knight, in behalf of the town, to
prosecute against, any and every person or , persons, that has
not attended this meeting, according to the by laws, or town
orders." ,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1695, 1696, 297
The practice prevailed, for many years, of warning out of the
town, by a formal mandaratis of the selectraen, every faraily and
individual, rich or poor, who came into it. This was done to
exonerate the town from any obligation to render support in
case of poverty. One old gentleman, who bad just arrived in
town, to whom this order was read, took it for a real intimation
to depart. " Come, wife," he says, " we must pack up. But
there — we have one consolation for it — it is not so desirable
a place."
1695.
The property of the Nahants, which had been a cause of
contention from the first settlement of the town, was this year
claimed by the heiresses of Richard Woody, of Boston ; into
whose claim they probably descended by a mortgage of one
of the sagamores, in 1652, At a town raeeting, on the 18th
of October, " There being a suraraons read, wherein was signi
fied that tbe lands caUed Nahants were attached by Mrs. Mary
Daffern, of Boston, and James MiUs summoned to answer said
Daffern at an inferior court, to be holden in the county of Essex,
on the last Tuesday of December, 1695 ; tbe town did then
choose Lieutenant Samuel Johnson, Joseph Breed, and John
BurriU, junior, to defend the interests of the'town in the lands
called Nahants, and to eraploy an attorney or attorneys, as tbey
shall see cause, in the town's behalf, against the said Daffern,
and so from court to court, till the cause be ended — they or
either of them— ^ and the town to bear the charge."
The foUowing is transcribed from the records of the Quarterly
Court, Deceraber 31. " Mrs. Mary Daffern and Mrs. Martha Padis
hah, widows, and heiresses of Richard Woody, late of Boston,
deceased, plaintiffs, versus John Atwrill junior, of Lynn, in an
action of trespass upon the case, &c., according to writ, dated
30th September, 1695, Tbe plaintiffs being called three times,
made default and are nonsuited. The judgment of the court is,
that plaintiffs pay unto the defendants costs." This is the last
we hear of any claim made upon the Nahants, as individual
property,
1696, '
January 13. " The Selectraen did agree with Mr. [Abraham]
Normenton to be schoolmaster for the town, for the year ensuing,
and the town to give him five pounds for his labor ; aud the
town is to pay twenty^five shillings towards tbe hire of Nathan
iel NewhaU's house to keep school in, and the said Mn Nor
menton to hire the said house."
Immense numbers of great clams were thrown upon the
beaches by storms. The people were permitted by a vote of

298 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1697.
the town, to dig and gather as many as they wished for their
own use, but no more ; and no person was allowed to carry any
out of the town, on a penalty of twenty shillings. The shells
were gathered in cart loads on the beach, and manufactured
into lirae.
This year, two Quakers, whose naraes were Thomas Farrar
and John Hood; for refusing to pay parish taxes, suffered nearly
one month's iraprisonraent at Salem,
The winter of this year was the coldest since the first settle
ment of New England, [During the latter part of February,
theroads had become so obstructed by snow and ice that travel
was suspended,]
16 9 7,
On the Sth of January, the town, by vote, set the prices of
provisions, to pay Mr, Shepard's salary, as follows : beef, 3d. ;
pork, 4d, a pound, Indian corn, 5s, ; barley, barley malt, and
rye, 5s, 6d. ; and oats, 2s, ^a bushel.
The blackbirds had to keep a bright look out this year, as
the whole town were in arms against them. The town voted,
March 8, "that every householder in the town, should, some
time before the fifteenth day of May next, kiU or cause td be
kUled, twelve blackbirds, and bring the heads of them, at or
before the time aforesaid, to Ebenezer Stocker's, or Samuel
CoUins's, or Thomas Burrage's, or John Gowing's, who are
appointed and chose by tbe town to receive and take account
ofthe same, and take care thi| order be duly prosecuted; and
if any householder as aforesaid shaU refuse or neglect to kiU
and bring in tbe heads of twelve blackbirds, as aforesaid, every
such person shaU pay three pence for every blackbird that is
wanting as aforesaid, for the use of the town."
[The smaU pox raade its appearance in Lynn, in the spring
of this year to the grea1i;alarm of many people. Samuel Mans
field died of it, 10 April,
[There was a "sore and long continued drought," in tbe
summer. And tbe season was one peculiariy fatal to farm stock
of aU kinds. The winter was very severe, and the ground was
covered with snow from the first of December tiU the middle
of March. In February, the snow was three and a half feet
deep, on a level.
[For the purpose of giving an idea of tbe facUities for inter
communication, at tbis time, tbe following extract from a letter
dated in February, is introduced. The letter was from Jonathan
Dickenson, at Philadelphia, to WiUiam Smith, " In 14 days we
have an answer from Boston; once a week from New York;
once in three weeks from Maryland; and once in a month from
Virginia,"]

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1698, 1699, 1700, 299

1698,
_ On tbe 4th of January, Oliver Elkins and Thoraas DarUng
kUled a wolf in Lynn woods. On the 28th of February, Tbomas
Saker kiUed two wolves. This year also, James Mills kiUed
five foxes on Nahant, Twenty shillings were aUowed by the
town for kilUnga wolf, and two shillings for a fox.
The town ordered that no person should cut more than seven
trees on Nahant, under a penalty of forty shUlings for each tree
exceeding that nuraber.
June 1. The Court enacted " that no person using or Occu
pying the feat or mystery of a butcher, currier, or shoemaker,
by himself, or any other, shall use or exercise the feat or mys
tery of a Tanner, on pain of the forfeiture of six shillings and
eight pence for every hide or skin so tanned." They also en
acted that no tanner should exercise the business of a butcher,
currier, or shoemaker. " And no butcher shall gash or cjit any
hide, whereby the same shall be impaired, on pain of forfeiting
twelve pence for every gash or cut." It was also enacted that
no "shoemaker or cordwainer shall work into Shoes, Boots, or
other wares, any leather tbat is not tanned and cifrried as
aforesaid ; nor shall use any leather made of horse*s hide for
the inner sole of any such shoes or boots on pain of forfeiting
all such shoes and boots." 1699.
The platform of the meeting-bouse was covered with lead.
The bell was taken down and sent to England to be exchanged
for a new one. Mr. Shepard's salary was reduced to sixty
pounds. On the 7th of November, the town ordered that any person
who should foUow the wild fowl in tbe harbor, in a canoe, to
shoot at them, or frighten them, should pay twenty shiUings ;
and Thoraas Lewis and Tiraothy Breed were chosen to enforce
the order.
1700.
On tbe 25th "of May, Mr, John Witt kiUed a wolf, [The town
jiaid Timothy Breed two shiUings "for kiUing of one ffox at
nahant," [Dn John Caspar Richter van Crowninscheldt, bought of Ehz-
beth AUen, wife of Jacob Allen, of Salera, 20 June, twenty acres
of land " neer a certain pond called the Spring Pond, with aU
the houses, buUdings, waters, fishings," &c. The land appears
to have previously belonged to John Clifford. The oldest
grave stone in the burying ground near the west end of Lynn
Common, bears this inscription : " Here lyeth y« body of lohn

300 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1701, 1702,
Clifford, Died lune y« 17, 1698, in_ y" 68 year bf his age," It
is on the west of the foot path leading from the front entrance,
and, unlike the other old stones, faces the east. The 9 in the
date has been altered, in a rough way, so as to resemble a 2, and
hence sorae have been deceived into the belief that there was a
burial here as early as 1628, Mr, Lewis declared the alteration
to have been made in 1806, by a pupil at Lynn Academy. This
John Clifford appears to have been the same individual who
owned lands in the vicinity of Mineral Spring. He was made
a freeman in 1678, and is sometimes called of Salem; which
would be natural enough if he lived any where about Spring
Pond. I think he married Elizabeth Richardson, perhaps as a
second wife, 28 Septeraber, 1688, he being then some fifty-eigbt
years of age. Mr. Lewis states that Dr. Crowninscheldt built a
cottage at Mineral Spring about tbe year 1690. And in Pelt's
Annals of Salem, under date 1695, we find the following : " This
year Richard Harris, master of the Salem Packet, bound to
Canada river, invites ' Doct. Gronncell (Crowninshield,) a Ger
man, who married Capt. Allen's daughter at Lynn Spring,' to
accorapany him, but he declined." Could it have been of his
mother-in-law, that the Doctor purchased the land, in 1700?
At first view, there seems something like confusion in the above;
but I do not see that the stateraents are irreconcUable.]
At a meeting ofthe Selectmen, on tbe 7th of June, Mr. Shepard
was chosen to keep a gramraar school, for whicb thirty pounds
were the next year allowed,
1701,
[Henry Sharp, innholder, of Salera, let his carriage, a calash,
for the conveying of Mn Bulkley, who had arrived at that place,
sick, to his home. But as he could get no farther on his jour
ney than Lynn, he here dismissed the driver, who returned to
Salem on Sunday, Por the desecration of holy time Mn Sharp
was called to answer, but was finally discharged by making it
appear that the travel was necessary. This calash is noted as
being one of the first carriages ever owned in the vicinity. On
horse-back or a-foot our forefathers and mothers almost exclu
sively traveled, down to a period something later than tbis.
The above incident weU shows the solicitude with which tbe.
sanctity ofthe Lord's day continued to be guarded,]
1702,
[Rev, George Keith, a missionary of the Church of England,
visited Lynn, in July, accompanied by Rev, John Talbot, also a
Church ministen He appears to have come rather to combat
Quaker principles than to propagate his own. He had himself
been a Quaker and suffered persecution for his faith. But now

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1702, 301
that he appeared as a champion against them, he seems to have
divested hiraself of at least tbe pacific characteristic that dis
tinguishes the Quaker of this day. In his journal appears th^
following account of the transactions on the occasion of his
visit. The entries are made under dates Wednesday and Thurs'
day, July 8 and 9,
I went fi-ora Boston to Linn, accompanied with Mr, Talbot, and the next day
being the Quakers' meeting day, we visited their meeting there, having first
called at a Quaker's house, who was of my former acquaintance. Mr. Shep
ard, the rainister of Linn, did also accompany us; but the Quakers, though
many of them had been formerly raembers of his church, were vei-y abusive
to bim, as they were to us. After some tirae of silence I stood up and began
to speak, but they did so interrupt with their noise and claraor against rae,
that I could not proceed, though I rauch enti-eated thera to hear rae ; so I sat
down and heard their speakers one after another utter abundance of falsehoods
and impertenances and gross perversions of many texts of the holy Scrip^re.
Afl;er their speakers had done, they hasted to be gone. I desired thera to stay,
and I would shew them that they had spoke many falsehoods,' and perverted
many places of Scripture, but they would not stay to. hear. But many of the
people staid, some of them Quakers, and others who were not Quakers but
distraected to the Quakers' principles. I asked one of tbeir preachers before
he went away, seeing they preached so inuch the sufiiciency of the Light
within to salvation, (without any thing else) did the Light within teach him,
Without Scripture, that our blessed Saviour was boi-n of a virgin, and died for
our sins, &c. ? He replyed, if he said it did, I would not believe him, and
therefore he would not answer me. After then- speakers were gone, I went
up into the speakers' gallery, where they used to stand and speak, and I did
read unto the people that staid to hjeai- me, Quakers and others, many quota
tions out of Edw. BmTOUghs's folio book, detecting his vile en-oi-s, who yet
was one of their chief authors, particularly in pages 150, 151, where he renders
it the doctrine of salvation that 's only necessary to be preached, viz. Christ
within, and that he ts a deceiver that exhorts people for salvation to any other
thing than the Light within ; as appears by his several queries in the pages
cited. And where be saith, page 273, that the suflferings ofthe people of God
in this age [meanmg the Quakers] are greater sufierings, and more unjust, than
those of Christ and the Aposties ; what was done to Clu-ist, or to the Apostles,
was chiefly done by a law, and in great part by the due execution of a law.
But aU this a noted Quaker, whose name I spare to mention, (as I generally
intend to spare the mentioning of their names) did boldly defend. But another
Quaker who stood by, confessed the last passage in rendering the Quakers'
sufierings greater and more unjust than the sufierings of Christ, was not weU
worded ; but to excuse it, said, we must not raake a raan an ofiender for a
word, [John Richardson, a noted Quaker preacher, frora England,
was then in Lynn, stopping at tbe house of Samuel CoUins,
which stood on the north side of Essex street, a few rods east
of Fayette, He vigorously engaged Mn Keith, and gives an
account of the meeting not exactly coincident with the above.
It is but fair to give his version. But we shaU first quote from
bis, recital of an encounter the evening before. He says:
, , . I came to Lynn, to Samuel Callings, [CoUins's] where I had not been
long before 1 met with an unusual exercise, which I had expected for sorae
time would fall upon me, , , . Having heard of George Keith's mtention ot
z

302 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1702.
being at Lynn Monthly Meeting the next day, (this Lynn, as near as I remem
ber lies between Salem in the east part and Boston,) the evening coming on,
as I was writing to some friends in Old England, one came in haste to desire
me to come down, for George Keith was come to the door, and a great number
of people and a priest with him, and was railing against Friends exceedingly,
I said. Inasmuch as I understood this Lyim Meeting is, although large, mostly
a newly convinced people, I advise you to be swift to hear, but slow to speak,
for Greorge Keith hath a life in argument ; and let us, as a people, seek unto
and cry mightily to the Lord, to look down upon us, and help us for his name's
sake, for our presei-vation, that none may be hurt. , , , T went to the raUs and
leaned my arras on thera, near to George Keith's horse's head, as he sat on his
back, and many people were with him ; but the few Friends who were come,
stood vnth me in the yard.
I [A warm discussion . between the champions, followed this
abrupt introduction, concerning which Mr. Ricbardson, with a
triumphal air, says : !
I was roused up in my spirit in a holy zeal against his wicked insults and'
great threatenings, and said to him, that it was the fi-uit of malice and envy,
and that he was to us but as an heathen man and a publican. . . . Then he
began to cast what slurs and odiums he could upon Friends, with such bitter
invectives as his malice could invent. I stood with an attentive ear, and a watch
ful raind; for as I stood leaning upon the rails, with no small concern upon
ray raind, I felt tbe Lord's power ai-ise, and by it my sti-ength was renewed in
the inner man, and faith, wisdom, and courage with it, so that the fear of man,
with all his parts and leai-ning, was taken from me ; and in this state George
Keith appeared to me but as a little child, or as nothing. . . . He said, The
Quakers pretend to be against all ceremonies, but he could prove that they
used raany ceremonies, as taking one another by the hand, and raen saluting
one another, and women doing so to one another ; and he said that women
did salute men ; yea, they had done it to him ; as it was generally understood
by those who heard him, which I thought not worthy of notice. He went on,
and said, the Quakers pretend to be against aU persecution, but they were not
clear, for the Quakers hi Pennsylvania and the Jerseys had persecuted him,
and would have hanged him, but that there was some alteration in the govem
ment. Then came out one of ray arrows which cut and wounded him deep ;
I said, George, that is not true. Upon that the priest drew neai-, and appeared
vei-y brisk, and said I had as good as charged Mr. Keith (as he caUed him) with
a lie, I replied, give me time, and I wiU prove that which George said was not
true, and then thou and he may take yom- advantage to rescue him from that epi
thet of a liar, if you can. The priest said, I know not Mr. Keith. I replied, if he
knew him as weU as I did, he would be ashamed to be there as an abettor of
him. The priest got away and troubled rae no more m all the arguments that
George and I had afterwards (although the said priest was with him.)
[Here let us pause a raoment and throw a glance back upon
the rationale of the edifying occasion, imagining how those
assembled partisans, on either side of the fence, must have had
their christian syrapathies refreshed and perceptions improved
by the encounter ofthe sturdy combatants. Do such things give
us a particularly^ elevated idea of the piety of the times ? On
does it appear that the non-resistant principles of the Quakers-
had become sufficiently consoUdated to withstand the pugnacity
of nature ? But we wiU proceed with Mn Richardson's account
of the transactions at th.e meeting-house, the next day.

'ANNALS OP LTNN — 1702. 303
Now to the meetmg we went ; George Keith with two priests and a great
many people gathered together of several professions and qualities into one
body, and Friends and some friendly people into another body; and as we
came near to the meeting-house, I stood stiU, and took a view of the people,
and it appeared to me as if two ai-mies were going to engage in battle. There
appeared with George Keith men of considerable estates, parts, and learnmg,
and we appeared like poor shrubs."
[Before entering the meeting-house, Mr. Richardson addressed
a fe«v words of advice and encouragement to the Friends. Apd
immediately after they had entered, Mr. Keith proclaimed that
he had come, in the Queen's name, to gather Quakers from
iiQuakerism to the good old mother Church, tbe Church of Eng
liand; and that he could prove, out" of their own books, that
' they held errors, heresies, damnable doctrines, and blasphemies.
Upon this, Mr. Richardson was moved to inform the assembly
what manner of man Mr. Keith was. He stated that he had
been a Quaker for many years, but during the latter part of his
walk with thera, had been very troublesome on account of his
contentious spirit ; and as tbey had in vain labored to reform
bim, he bad been publicly disowned ; whereupon he commenced
opposing and vilifying them. And sundry other rough person
alities and home thrusts did the Quaker champion deliver. In
the course of the discussion divers points of doctrine and prin
ciples of faith were considered and more or less darkened by
the unchristian spirit manifested. Mr. Richardson proceeds :
The priest of this jolace, whose narae -was Shepard, before my mouth v^as
opened in testimony, made preparation to write ; and when I began to speak, he
had his hat upon his knee, and his paper upon its crown, and pen and ink in
his hands, and made many motions to write, but wrote nothing ; as he began,
so he ended, without writing at all. And as Friends entered the meeting-hoOse
in the Lord's power, even that power which cut Rahab, and wounded the Drag
on, which had been at work, kept down in a good degree the wrong spirit in
George, for he appeai-ed much down ; but this busy priest called to him several
times to make his reply to what I had spoke. After some time, I said to the
priest, in behalf of the meeting, that he might have liberty to make reply. He
proposed to have another day appointed for a dispute; to which I said, if I
did make a voluntary chaUenge, (which he should not say we put him upon)
we, or some of us, (meaning Friends) if a day and place were agreed upon,
should find it our concern to answer him as weU as we could. He said he
would have Mr. Keith to be with him ; I told him, if he should, and meddled
in the dispute, if I was there, I should reject him for reasons before .-issigned.
When the priest had said this, and soraewhat more, an elder of the Presbyte
rian congregation clapped bim on the shoulder, and bid him sit down ; so he
was quiet ; and then stood up George Keith, and owned he had been refreshed
amongst us that day, and had heard a great many sound truths, with sorae
errors, but that it was not the common doctrine which the Quakers preached,
[Mr. Richardson repelled the obnoxious insinuation contained
in the last clause. Whereupon the other began to exhibit
charges against tbe Quakers, declaring that he could prove
them by their own books ; referring especially to the works of
Pox and Burroughs, Mr, Richardson continues :

304 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1702.
He had in a paper, a great many quotations out of Friends' books, and a
young man with him had many books in a bag, , , , He was now crowded
up into the gaUery between me and the rail, with a paper in his hand, and I
standing over him, and being taller, could see his quotations, and his para
phrases upon them ; on which I told him, loudly, that aU the meeting might
hear, that he oflTered violence to the sense and understanding which God had
given him, and he knew in his conscience; we were not that people, neither
were our Friends' writings either damnable or blasphemous, as he, through
envy, endeavored to make the world believe, and that he would not have
peace in so doing, but ti-ouble from the Lord in his conscience, I sp^ke in
the Lord's dreadful power, and GeOrge trembled so much as I seldom ever
saw any man do. I pitied him in my heart, yet as Moses said once concerning
Israel, I felt the wi-ath ofthe Lord go forth against him. Gfeorge said, "Do
not judge rae." I rephed. The Lord judges, and all who are truly one in
spirit with the Lord, cannot but judge thee. So he gave over ; and it appear
ing a suitable tirae to break up the meeting, Friends parted in great love,
tendei-ness, and brokenness of heart ; for the Lord's mighty power had been
in and over the meeting from the beginning to the end thereof. . . . Two
Friends were desired to stay, to hear what George had to say to them who
remained, which said two Friends gave an account to us afterwards, that
George said to the people after we were gone, that the Quakers had left none
to dispute with him but an a^s and a fool ; when I heard it, I said, could you
not have replied, An ass was once made sufficient to reprove the raadness
of the prophet. . , , Greorge called to see me the next day, and said " You
had the advantage over me yesterday, for you persuaded rae to be quiet until
you had done, and then you would not stay to hear rae ; " neither, indeed,
were we under any obligation so to do. I told hira, I hoped that truth would
always have the advantage over those who opposed it ; and so we parted, but
met again upon Rhode Island.
[And thus ended one of those " disputes " on christian doc
trine, so characteristic of the time. The champions seem to have
been well matched as to abUity and destitution of Christian
courtesy. And it is probable that the friends of each claimed
a victory, as is usually the case in such contests. I have^iven
tbe account from the detaUs furnished by the opposing parties
themselves, who deemed the' affair of sufficient importance to
merit narration in their journals. And certainly a strange
spectacle is presented, though one tbat weU illustrates the man
ner of conducting reUgious controversies at that period ; those
controversies in which asperity of temper and bitterness of
expression were especially conspicuous. And when Episcopa
lians, Congregtionalists, or Quakers, of this day, undertake to
defend the course of their fathers in the faith, in every particu
lar, and on principles that obtain at the present time, they
undertake a labor that it would be more creditable to avoid.
And when those same theological partisans, on the promulgation
of an unpalatable truth concerning their kindred of the past,
deem themselves under censure, they exhibit an unreasonable
sensibUity. [Mr. Shepard, the minister at the Old Tunnel Meeting House,
was present to enjoy the proceedings. And he exhibited some
thing of that inclemency of temper which on certain other occa-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1703, 1704. 305
sions reached a poipt that furnished but a poor example for
those to whom he preached forbearance and meekness. The
fact that such a sturdy hater of the Church as he, could readily
fraternize with an Episcopal missionary, find stand his abettor in
assaults upon Quakerism, is instructive. But we must consider
that he had nothing to fear from Episcopacy, whUe Quakerism
was making great inroads upon his parochial jurisdiction.]
On the 14th of December, ten pounds were allowed for the
maintenance of a grammar master ; " and such raaster to have,
over and above the said ten pounds, 2 pence per week for such
as are sent to read, 3 pence per week for them that are sent to
write and cipher, and 6 pence per week for thera that are sent
to learn Latin, to be paid by parents and masters that send
their children or servants to learn as aforesaid."
[The price of oak wood, was three shillings a cord, this year.
Walnut was generally preferred for fuel, and that sold for five
shillings.]
1703.
[The following is a copy of a letter sent to Governor Dudley,
by the Quakers of Lynn. "Lynn, 22tb 4 m° 1703. Whereas,
we, the people caUed Quakers, of the town of Lynn, having
been requested by tbe governor to give in a list of our names —
in answer thereunto each person hath respectively signed by
himselfe," The signatures are, Richard Estes, Samuel Collins,
WiUiam Bassett, Walter PhUlips, Richard Oake, Joseph Rich
ards, John Hood, Samuel Breed, Hugh AUey, William Bassett,
Jr., John Bassett, John CoUins, Jabez Jenkins, Walter PhiUips,
Jr., Isaac Clark, Samuel Collins, Jr., John Estes,
[Walter PhiUips, senior, being a Quaker, and refusing to per
form military duty, bad a fourth of an acre of his land seized
and sold for the payment of his fine.
[The town paid the sexton two pounds and thirteen shillings
for "sweeping y* meeting house, and Ringing y" bell for y*
year past, and one shilling for gitting y" Claper for y° bell,"]
170-4,
This year another war was prosecuted with the French and
Indians, caUed Queen Anne's war. It was begun by tbe In
dians in the preceding year, and was productive of the most
dreadful cruelty. Several of tbe soldiers frora Lynn were taken
prisoners. It continued about a year.
Col. Benjamin Church, who commanded in this expedition,
wrote a letter to Governor Dudley, requesting " That four or
five hundred pair of good Indian shoes be made ; and let there
be a good store of cow hides, weU tanned, for a supply of sunh
^ Z* 20

306 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1705, 1706,
shoes, and hemp to make thread, and wax, to mend and^ make
more such shoes when wanted, and a good store of awls."
On the 6th of March, the town, " being inforraed that several
persons bad cut down several trees or bushes in Nahants, where
by there is like to be no shade for the creatures," voted that
no person should cut any tree or bush there, on a penalty often
shillings.
1705.
[There was a very violent northeast storm on the 29th and
30th of January. Immense quantities of snow feU. Joseph
Newhall, of Lynn, perished in the storra, on the second day.
He was no doubt the same individual elsewhere noticed as a
son of Thomas NewhaU, the first white person born in Lynn.
He was born 22 Septeraber, 1658, rakrried Susanna, a sister of
Tbomas Farrar, Jr., and settled in Lynnfield. He_ had eleven
children, and a great many of his descendants remain.
[In June, a severe drought prevaUed. "Corn and grass
perished, pretty much,"]
1706,
Nahant, and the great range of woodland in the norttf of the
town, bad from the first settleraent, been retained in coraraon.
The same spirit of practical democracy which had influenced
the people at the beginning, was carried out through all their
public affairs. Nahant was used as a comraon pasture, wbere
any one who chose, put cattle and sheep, which were tended
by a person, chosen and paid by tbe town, called a shepherd.
In like manner the great woodlands had been reserved for
common upe, and tbe people cut their fuel in such ^tuantities as
they pleased in the woodlands nearest their dwellings. If any
required timber for building, they selected the fine old oaks
that plumed tbe craggy cliffs, and tbe tall, straight trunks which
grew in the dark pine forests, to make into boards at the saw
mill. But now the peoplehad so increased, and the limits of
their cultivated lands become so permanently established, that
they concluded it would be best to have some more definite
regulations for their government in future.
On the 15th of April, a town meeting was held, when it was
resolved to make a division of the public lands, only reserving
the training field, whicb is now called tbe Common, They
chose a committee of three persons from other towns, to make
the division, whom they directed to allow each proprietor at
least one fourth upland, and as near bis own house as might be.
The committee were Captain Samuel Gardner, of Salera, John
Greenland, of Maiden, and Joseph Hasey, of Chelsea, [And
they make return of their doings as follows.]

ANNALS bP LTNN — 1706, 307
We whose names are hereunto subscribed, having been chosen by the
Towne bf Lyn, at a Towne Meeting held April 15th, 1706, as a committee to
Divide all the Undivided Common Lands within the Towne of Lyn, aforesaid,
by such rules, and in such way and manner as shall be agreed upon by us ;
we having agreed and made Division ofthe Common Undivided Lands too
and amongst aU the proprietors and Inhabitants that have land of their own
in fee, according to said Town Voate, so far as appeared to us. The way and '
manner of our Division, and that which we have agreed upon to make our
rules by, are as followeth.
We fii-st obtained ofthe Selectmen ofsaid Lyn, a copy ofthe List of Estate
taken by them in 1705, which Kst being first perfected" and made intelligible
to us by the Selectmen, through our desire, by their brmging each person's
land to the Right owner, and by adding such to said List, that by Reason of
poverty, or others being in captivity, had been left out of said List, that soe
we^might come to the knowledge of all the proprietors and Inhabitants that
have Lands of theire ovme in fee ; we having made division of the aforesaid
Common Lands according to what each proprietor and Inhabitant have of
Lands upon said List.
1. We first taking out, according to the best Information we could obtaine,
all sucb as bad houses erected since the year 1694, who are priviledged for so
much and no more than what each person bathe of Lands upon said List.
2. A second Rule by which we make division is, that all such as have upon
said List foure acres of Land or any Less quantity, to have priviledg for five
acres ; and all such as have five acres to have priviledg for six acres ; and all
such as have six acres to have privUedg of seven acres ; and all such as have
seven acres to have priviledg for eight acres ; and no person to receive advan
tage any further for any more than for what they have upon said List.
3. A third Rule of our Division is, that all such as have upon said List any
greater number of acres -than eight, till they come to twenty acres, counting
two acres of pasture land for one of tillage Land ; we finding them to be Rated
but halfe soe much for pasture Land as for tillage or Improved Lands ; are
privUiged according to the number of acres they have on the List.
4. A fourth Rule is, that all those that have above twenty acres upon^aid
List, until they come to thirty acres, shall receive privilidg out for one fourth
part of all they have above twenty acres ; and for what land any person hathe
oh said List above thu-ty acres, shaU receive privUedg but for one eighth part
of what is above thu-ty acres.
5. And whereas we, the aforesaid Committee, according to said Towne
voate, are to Leave convenient ways in all places, as we shall think fitt, we
have agreed that, by reason ofthe Impossibility of (naking highways passable,
if Laid upon tbe Range Lines, Doe therefore . order, that aU the proprietors
concerned, their heirs and assigns forever, to have free Liberty to pass and
Repass over each person's Lotts, that is laid out by us on the commons, with
carts and teams,#o transport wood, tiraber, and stones, or upon any other oca-
tion whatsoever, in such places as may be convenient, without any molestation,
hindrance, or Interruption from any of tbe proprietors, their heirs or assigns ;
but no person to Damnifie bis neighbor by Cutting Downe his tree or trees.
We have left a highway over Little Nahant two poles wide on the west end,
and soe Runing over the beach unto Great Nahant ; and soe on the south
wardly side of the hill to about ten pole above the Calf Spring, and running
slanting up the hUl into the old way, and soe runing on the northeast end of
James Mills his land, and soe on to the first Range in the ram pasture ; and
have left about one acre of knd jouiing to the highway by the Spring to
accoroidate Cattle coming to the Spring. We have also left a highway, twp
pole wide from the highway by the Spring, ouer into Bass neck, and soe
through the Ranges to the southermost Range on said neck. We have also
left a highway, two pole wide, on the Bay side, over to Bass neck, and so ouer
Mr. Taylor's lott, Joseph Jacob's lott, and Moses Hudson's Lott, unto the other

308 ANNALS pp LTNN — 1706,'
highway ; and have left a highway one po\e wide over the westward end of
each Range on great Nahant ; and a highway one pole wide, on the north
wardly end of each Range on Bass neck ; and a highway one pole wide ouer
between the range of lots, halfe a pole on each Range, on each side ofthe
Range Line on Little Nahant,
Thus we make Returne of this our Doings, this first Day of January, 1706-7,
Samuel Gardner,
John Greenlanb,
Joseph Haset.
On the 28th of September, " The towne considering tbe great
difficulty of laying out highways on the common lands, by rea
son o'f the swaraps, hills, and rockenes of the land, theirfore
voated, tbat after said common lands shall be divided, every
person interested therein, shall have free liberty at all tiraes, to
pass and repass over eacb others' lotts of lands, to fetch their
wood and sucb other things as shaU be upon their lands, in any
place or places, and for no other ends, provided they do not cut
downe any sort of tree or trees in their so passing over." Eleven
persons entered their dissent to this vote, but do not state
whether it was against the privilege, or its limitation. Men
frequently want to pass on to iheir lots for other purposes than
to fetch wood; and , in raany places in the woods, if they had
not cut down a tree, it would have been\tterly impossible ever
to have gone upon their lots at all with a carriage. If this vote
were a law, many proprietors on Nahant, even now, could not
go upon their lands to plant or build. But tbe warrant for
calling this meeting is unrecorded.
The Common Lands were laid out by tbe committee in " Seven
Divisions." The First Division began on the west of Saugus
river, including what was called the Six Hundred Acres, which.
were then in Lynn. The Second Division ran across the north-"
ern part of the town, and the Seventh Division was Nahant.
There is no record that the report of tbe committee was ac
cepted, though it probably was, as it was recorded, with all the
separate lots and owners' names. The woodlands and the
Nahants were laid out in Ranges, forty rods in width, and these
were divided into lots, containing from about on9 eighth of an
acre to eight acres. Many of these lots were afterward subdi
vided among heirs, so that raany lots on Nahant are now six
hundred and sixty feet long, and from two feet to eight feet-
wide. This renders it impossible in rnany places to obtain a
buUding lot, without purchasing of many owners. Several lots
are as narrow as two feet and three inches, and for each of these
a separate deed must be written. I have constructed a com
plete map of Nahant on a very large scale, on which the lots are
shown with the names of the original proprietors and the pres
ent owners. /
[It wUl be observed that tbe above stands as it did in the 1844

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1708, 1712, 1713, 1715, 309
edition. Many changes-have' of course taken place since that
time. But it will always be interesting as showing-'how mat
ters formerly stood in these important particulars.] i
1708.
[A &st was held, 23 June, and prayers offered for deliverance
frora the devastations committed by insects, on the fruit trees.
They appear to have been caterpiUars and canker worms. And
we bad, in 1863, another .grievous instance of the destruction
that may be accoi%plishe^ through the combined industry of
those voracious Uttle spoilers, , But this unbelieving generation
instead of resorting to prayers and fasting, resorted to burning
brimstone and other stifling appliances.]
1712.
Lynnfield was set off as a parish, or district, 17 November.
The ^inhabitants were to be- freed frora parish taxes, as soon as
a meeting-house should be built, and a minister settled. The
people of Lynnfield, in the town records, are'called " our neigh
bors, the farraers."
This year, all the shells, which came upon the Nahant beaohes,
were sold by the town, to Daniel Brown, and WUUam Gray, for
thirty shiUings. They were not to sell the, shells for more than
eight shillings a load, containing forty-eight bushels, heaped
measure. The people were permitted to dig and gather the
clams as before, but they were required to open thera on the
beach, and leave the shelly. The house in which I was born,
was plastered with lime made from these shells.
1713.
Mr. John Merriam was employed as schoolmaster. The school
was called a gramraar school, because Latin was taught ih it.
The other studies were reading, writing, and ciphering. . Eng-»
lish grammar was not a common study, and no book on that
subject was introduced into general use, till about seventy
years after this time. No arithmetic was used by the scholars,
but the master wrote all the sums on the slate. No spelling
book was used, [So one would naturaUy conclude from the
ways in which words were sometimes spelled. There had been
no established system of orthography, but each spelled as best
1 suited his own fancy, using letters in any way that gave the
sound of the word. Some uniforraity, however, now preyaUed.],
1715.
The first meeting-house in the second parish, now Lynnfield,
was built. When tbe buUding" of the first parish meeting-house
was in contemplation, the people of the northern part of the

/ I
310 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1716, I7l7.
town, being obliged to travel six or eight mUes to meeting,
wished to have the house placed in a central situation, and a
Committee was appointed to " ohtise " a place. They selected
a hill, now included in the bounds of Saugus, which was thence
caUed Harmony Hill. It was afterward determined to place
the house on the Coramon, and the people of Lynnfield continued
to attend meeting there till this year,
1716,
A gentleman whose narae was Bishop, wae schoolmaster.
Mr. Ebenezer Tarbox was chosen, by the town, as shepherd.
Three porches were added to tbe first parish meeting-house,
and a curiously carved and paneled oak pulpit, imported from
England, was set up.
[Jonathan Townsend, of Lynn, graduated at Harvard CoUege,
He was settled, 23 March, in Needham, being tbe first minister
of the place, and remained in the ministry forty-two years. He
died 30 September, 1.762, aged 64, A record in his hand wri
ting, dated NeedBanl, 17 July, 1735, states an interesting fact
regarding a lady, wbo, it is probable, was a raember of his
church : " This day died here, Mrs, Lydia Chickering, in the
83d year ofcher age. Sbe was born in Dedham, in New Eng
land, July 14, 1652, and about the year 1671 went up from
thence to Hadley, where for the space of about a year, she
waited upon Col. WhaUey, and Col. Goffe (two of King Charles
Ist's judges), wbo had fled thither from the men that sought
their lives. She was the daughter of Capt. David Fisher, of
Dedham, one of the magistrates of the colony under the old
charter." [Governor Shute passed through Lynn, 15 October. There
was considerable parade. The Salem Troop, under Col. Brown,'
came over, to escort him to their town, where he was received
in a becoming manner, had "a splendid entertainment," and
remained o-ver 'night. He was on a journey to New Hampshire,
[An extraordinary darkness prevaUed at mid-day, 21 October,
Lighted candles were found necessary on the dinner table, fowls
went to roost, and tbere was greit alarm.]
1717,
Two great storms on tbe 20th and 24th of February, covered
the ground so deep with snow, that people for some ^ays could
not pass from one house to another. Old Indians, of a hundred
years, said that their fathers had never told them of such a snow.
It was from ten to twenty feet deep, and generally covered the
lower story of the houses. Cottages of one story were entirely
buried, so that the people dug paths from one house to another,
under the snow. Soon after, a slight rain fell, and the frost

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1717. 311
crusted the snow ; and then the people went out of their chaia-
ber windows, and walked over it. Many of the farmers lost
their sheep ; and most of tbe sheep and swiiie wbich wei;e saVed,
lived from one to two weeks without food. One man had some
hens buried near his barn, which wfere dug out alive eleven
days after. During this snow, a great number of deer carae
frora the woods for food, and were followed by the wolves,
which kUled many of them. Others were killed by the people
with guns. Some of the deer fled to Nahant, and being chased
by the wolves, leaped into the sea, and were drowned. Great
damage was done to the orchards, by the snow freezing to the
branches, and splitting the trees as it fell. This snow formed
a remarkable era in New England ; and old people, in relating
an event, would say that it happened so many years before oi
after the great snow. Hon. John Wintbi-op says : " We lost at
the island and farms above 1100 sheep, beside some horses ahd
cattle interred in the snow ; and it was very strange, that 28
days after the storra, the inhabitants of Fisher's Island, in fulling
out the ruins of 100 sheep, out of the snow bank in tbe valley,
where tbe snow bad drifted over thera sixteen feet, found two
of tbem alive in the drift, which had lain on them all that time,
and kept themselves alive by eating the wool off the others,"
The mail was nine days in reaching Portsmouth, and eight in
returning, [But the greatest snow storm of the year occurred
in April, It being so late in the season, however, the effects
were not long visible.]
Tbe town tax, this year, was £231. Mr. Shepard's salary was
eighty-seven pounds ; and the rest was for the school, and other
town debts.
It was in one of the great storms of this year, that Samuel
Bellamy's pirate ship, the Whidah, of 23 guns and 130 men, was
wrecked on Cape Cod, and more than one hundred dead bodies
were found on tbe shore. Six of the survivors were afterward
executed at Boston.
Tbis year Nahant was again without an inhabitant; James
Mills being dead, and his family removed. His house and land
became tbe property of Dr. John Henry Burchsted, who, on
the 18th of December, sold it to Samuel Breed. He built a
house where Whitney's Hotel now stands. He was very small
in stature, and was generally caUed " Governor Breed." He
was born November 11, 1692, married Deliverance Bassett,
June 25, 1720, (the sarae who was raentioned as a chUd in 1692,)
and bad five children; Anna, Sarah, Huldah, Nehemiah, and
WiUiam. His house became the property of his son Nehemiah,
and his grandson WiUiam, by whora it was rebuUt in 1819.
For twentv-four years this house was kept as a hotel, by Jesse
Rice; and" was purchased, in 1841, by Albert Whitney. [Mr.

312 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1718. .
Whitney is a son-in-law of Mn Rice, and stiU [1864] continues
the public house.] i ^ xt
Jabez Breed, brother of Samuel, soon after removed to JNa-
bant and buUt a bouse directly opposite. A few years after
ward Richard Hood exchanged his house in Nahant street for
this. He married Theodate CoUins, May 20, 1718, and bad
eight chUdren; Theodate, Jedediah, Content, Rebecca, Hannah,
Patience, Abner and Abigail. His descendants stiU live at
Nahant, on the estate of tbeir anceston _
The third house on Nahant was built by Jeremiah Gray, a
carpenter, and uncle of Lieutenant Governor WiUiam Gray.
This house, about the year 1770, was sold to Jonathan John
son. [And it afterward became the property of bis son, Caleb
Johnson, by whom it is stUl occupied.]
These were the only three bouses on Nahant until the year
1803. Their occupants were Quakers, and kept no taverns, but
accommodated a few boarders in the summer, and occasionally
made a fish chowder, for parties who visited Nahant from Bos
ton and other places.
1718.
In the beginning of this year, Mr. Shepard was^ unwell ; and
a gentleman whose name was Townsend, was emploj'ed to preach
five sermons ; for whicb the town paid him fifty shUlings. The
Selectmen, on tbe 5th of March, we?re directed to eraploy a
schoolmaster ; and in tbeir agreement with him, " to have rela-
tion to some help for Mr. Shepard in preaching."
According to tradition — which may not very safely be relied
on in matters of iraportance, though it raay assist in delineating
manners and custoras — it was about this time that potatoes were
first introduced into Lynn. Mr. John Newhall received two or
three, wbich he planted ; and when he gathered the produce,
a few of them were roasted and eaten, merely frora curiosity ;
and the rest were put into the shell of a gourd, and hung up in
the cellar. The next year he planted them all, and had enough
to fill a two bushel basket. He knew not what to do with so
many, and gave some of tbem to bis neighbors. Soon after,
one of tbem said to him : " Well, I have found that potatoes are
good for soraething. I had some of them boiled, and ate them
with fish, and they relished very well." It was several years
after this, before potatoes came into general use, and then only
in small quantities. A farmer, who kept a very particular ac
count of every day's employment, first mentions " patatas," as
a common article, in 1733. [But in the Colony Records we
find potatoes named as early as 1628. They were among the
articles to be provided for the Massachusetts settlers and sent
over by the Company, probably for planting. Historians have

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1719, 313
generally supposed thoy were not known in England before
1653, when sorae were carried there by Sir John Hawkins,
•from Santa Fe, But the above indicates an earlier introduction.
And besides, as Mr, Pelt mentions, Bermuda potatoes sold in
our colony, in 1636, for 2d, a pound; but these were probably
what we now call sweet potatoes. The common potato, how
ever, came slowly into general use. And it seems evident tbat
in some places at least it fell under a sort of reUgious ban;
attributable, as some have thought, to the fact that it is irot
mentioned in tbe Bible ; but this cannot have been the case,
as tbe use of sundry other vegetables which were highly esteem
ed, would, for the same reason have been interdicted.. If it be
true that potatoes were brought here as early as 1628, for culti
vation, as an article of food, it is quite remarkable that alraost Ei
century should have elapsed before they began to be served
upon the table, I know it is generally supposed that tbey
were not introduced here till about the period indicated by the
traditions alluded to by Mr. Lewis ; and that they were brought
by the " Scotch Irish " immigrants, as they were called.]
At this time, tea was little used, and tea-kettles werei unknown,
Tbe water was boiled in a skillet; and when the ladies went to
visiting parties, each one carried her tea-cup, saucer, and spoon.
The tea-cups were of the best china, and very sraall, containing
about as much as a comraon wine-glass. Coffee did not come
into use until raany years after.
1719.
The northern lights were first mentioned this year, on the l7th
of December, The people were much alarmed at their appear
ance, Tbe northern hemisphere seemed to be on fire; and it i^
said that the coruscations were distinctly heard, like tbe rustling
of a silken banner. [It is an interesting question, whether this
was the first time that the northern lights were observed here.
If the earlier settlers had seen thera it is reraarkable that ror
corded descriptions are not found. It seems now to be settled
that intervals of many years, perhaps centuries, do occur in
which they are not seen ; and then they suddenly blaze forth
again to the surprise and terror of ihankind, I have seen this
peculiarity remarked upon in a history of Iceland, The ancients
have left no account of the jpbenomenon, under the present
name ; though some have ima:gined tbat it is alluded to in the
book of Job, ch. 37, v. 22 — " Pair weather cometh out of the
north: with God is terrible majesty " — the term rendered " fair
weather," meaning also bright light. And the last reading
seems most natural, as there is no "terrible majesty" con
nected witb fair weathen The following extract from a curious
letter, dated Chester, 19 June, 1649, may be sufficient to con-
A2

314 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1720.
viuce some that the northern lights were seen before this
year : " Being late out on Saturday night to see my horse eat
his Oates, it being past 12 a clock at hight, we saw in the North
East, in the Ayre, 2 black Clowdes firing one against the other,
as if they had been 2 Armies in the Clowdes : The fire was
disserned sometimes more and sometimes lesse by us. It was
not a continuing fire, but exactly as if Muskitiers were discharg
ing one against another. Sometiraes there could be no fire
scene, and then about half an hour after, we could discerne the
North Clowde retreat: And so it did till tbe day began to
appear, and all the while tbe last Clowde foUowing it, both firing
each at other : It was the strangest sight tbat ever I saw, nor
can I relate the exactnesse of it ; it was in such a wonderful
nanner tbat I cannot express it." It is not easy to determine
•>rhat tbis was, if it was not the aurora borealis, though in some
particulars tbe description does not exactly answer for the
usual appearance at tbe present day. Tbe wonder-struck ob
servers, however, could not have supposed that the contending
forces intended much damage to each other, as their shootiug
was probabl}'^ perpendicular and not horizontal.
[The summer of tbis year was remarkable for copious rains.
In the Boston News Letter, for the week ending 17 August,
appears this paragraph : " It is very remarkable that tho' on last
Lord's Day we bad then some Rain, which had been grievous
for about a Month before, that after the Ministers of the several
Meeting Houses had made Intimation to their Congregations
of their intending the Thursday following, that the Publick Lec
ture should be turned into a Day of Pasting and Prayer, to beg
of God that He would avert His Judgments in granting suitable
and seasonable Weather, after the great Rains, to ripen and
gather in the Fruits of the Earth, both by Land and Sea, that
that self same Evening the Rain ceased and the sun shone clear
ever since, even before the Day appointed for His people to call
upon Him for these great mercies,"]
1720,
The Rev. Jeremiah Shepard was the fourth son of the Rev.
Thomas Shepard, minister of Cambridge, wbo came from Tow-
cester, in England, in 1635, His mother, who was his father's
tbird wife, was Margaret BoradUe. He was born at Cambridge,
August llth, 1648, and graduated at Harvard College in 1669,
He was tbe first minister of Lynn, wbo was born and educated
in America, His brother Thomas was minister of Charlestown,
and his brother Samuel minister of Rowley, In 1675, he
preached as a candidate at Rowley, after the death of his'bro-
ther; and in 1678 at Ipswich, He came to Lynn in 1679,
during the sickness of Mn Whiting, and was ordained on the

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1720. 315
6th of October, 1680. He was adraitted a freeraan in the same
year. He resided, at first, in the street whicb has been called .
by his name ; and afterward buUt a house, which, was burnt
down, on the north side of the Comraon, between MaU and Park
streets. In 1689, he was chosen Representative to the General
Court ; and this is perhaps the only instance in the eariy hisiiory
of New England, in which a rainister of the gospel sustained
that office. He died on the 3d of June, 1720, aged seventy-two,
having preached at Lynn forty years.
The life of Mn Shepard was distinguished by his unvaried
piety. He was one of those plain and honest men, wbo adorn
their station by spotless purity of character; and has left a name
to which no one can annex an anecdote of mirth, and which no
one attempts to sully by a breath of evil. He was indefatigable
in his exertions for the spiritual welfare of his people ; but hid
dark and melancholy views of human nature tended greatly to
contract the circle of his usefulness. It is the practice of many
who attempt to direct us in the way of truth, that, instead of
laying open to us tbe inexhaustible stores of happiness, which
the treasury of the Gospel affords — instead of drawing aside
the veil which conceals from man's darkened heart the inexpres
sible joys of the angelic world, and inducing us to follow the
path of virtue, from pure affection to Him who first loved us — •
they give unlimited scope to the wUdest imaginations that ever
traversed the brain of a human being, and plunge into the un
fathomable abyss of superstition's darkness, to torture the minds
of the living by stirring up the tormeuts of the 'dead, and driv
ing us to the service of God, by unmingled fear of his extermiu'
ating wrath. It is not requisite for the prevalence of truth, that
we should be forever farailiar with the shadows that encorapass
it. The mind may dwell upon darkness until it has itself becorae
dark, and callous to improvement — or reckless and despairing
of good. That Mr, Shepard's views of huraan nature, and of
the dispensation of the Gospel, were of the darkest kind, is
evident frora the serraons which he has left ; and these opinions
unfortunately led him to regard the greater part of the christian
world as out of~the way of salvation, and to look upon the
crushed remnant of tbe red men as little better than the wUd
beasts of the forest. In alluding to the mortality which pre
vailed among the Indians, in 1633, he says that " the Lord swept
away thousands of those salvage tawnies, those cursed devil
worshipers." His writings exhibit occasional glearas of genius and beauty ;
but they are disfigured by frequent quotations from tbe dead ^
languages, and by expressions inconsistent with that nobleness
of sentiment and purity style, which should be sedulously culti
vated by the young. It was tbe custom in his tirae, to prolong

316 ANNALS OP^LTNN — 1720.
the sermon at least one hour, and sometimes it was extended
to two ; and a sand glass was placed on the pulpit to raeasure
the- time. In one of his sermons he alludes to this practice :
" Thou art restless tiU the tiresorae glass be run out, and the
tedious sermon be ended," He published the following works :
1. " A Sort of Believers Never Saved." Boston, 1711, 12mo.
2. "Early Preparations for Evil Days." Boston, 1712; 24mo,
3. " General Election Sermon." Boston,, 1715, 12mo,
[Mr. Shepard does not appear to have been entirely exempt
from the prevaUing custora of the early clergy of soraetimes
expressing their thoughts in numbers. Pew specimens of his
versification, however, are now to be found. In the first edition
of Hubbard's Indian Wars, printed in 1677, is a page of poetry,
following the " Advertisement to the Reader," Addressed "To
the Reverend Mr. WiUiam Hubbard, on his most exact History
of New England Troubles," and signed J, S. ; which initials are
generally supposed to refer to Mr. Shepard, A short extract
foUows : When thy rare Piece unto my view once came,
It made my muse that erst did smoke, to flame ;
Raising my fancy, so sublime, that I
That famous forked Mountain did espie ;
Thence in an Extasie I softly fell
Dovwi near unto the Helliconian Well.
[That tbe church at Lynn enjoyed a good degree of temporal
prosperity under the ministry of Mr. Shepard seems evident;
and it does not appear tbat its spiritual progress was not com
mensurate ; though outward prosperity is not a sure indication
of godliness within. The encomiums of Mr. Lewis, so far as they
touch certain points in the character of Mr. Shepard are, no
doubt, well merited ; and the reflections on the dark features
are as judicious as direct. But the entire character is not
given. One might infer, from what is said, tliat he was of a
quiet, retiring disposition; but sucb, I apprehend, was by no
means the case. He was vigorous, if not passionate. His piety
may have been deep and sincere ; and so were his prejudices.
In the troublous times of the Andros adrainistration, he was
more distinguished for political ardor, than christian forbearance.
He certainly seems to have secured the attachment of tbe peo
ple here ; and he could not have had so many friends and held
them so long without possessing some sterling qualities. But
while preaching at Rowley be was almost constantly embroiled
with the people, and became the subject of severe censure. And
there is soraething mysterious if not significant in the fact that
Cotton Mather says nothing about him. He seems to have
preached at Rowley and Ipswich not only before he was or
dained, but before be had become a professon In a note in

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1720. ' 317
Gage's History of Rowley, page 20, appears this statement : " It
is understood tbat this Jeremiah Shepard was not a member of
any church, having made no public profession of reUgion at tbe
time he preached at Rowley and Ipswich." He commenced*
his labors at Rowley, in February, 1673, and continued there
some three years. Gage remarl^s that he was the cause of
rauch trouble in the cburch and town of Rowley. Tbe town
made him a grant, 12 December, 1673, "of £50 and one load
of wood from each raan who has a team, for his work in the
ministry 'I for that yean And they further agreed, in 1674, te
give him £50 a ye%r, so long as he continued to preach for
thera. There was, however, even then, a respectable minority
who dissented. The troubles increased, and in 1676, obstinate
hostility existed between his adherents and opponents. Before
this year closed, it became apparent that his adversaries had
risen to a decided majority. At a town meeting held. 30 January,
1677, amotion was made to "invite Mr. Shepard to establish a
monthly lecture." But it faUed, and a motion to reconsider was
unsuccessful, when the meeting " brake up in ponfusion." Mr.
Shepard sued for bis salary of tbat year, and' his suit was con
tested. Judgment was given in his favor at tbe Ipswi'ch court,
and the town appealed to the Court of Assistants. Finally, he
took £20 as payment in full. The discord attained such an
extremity that the General Court was appealed to. And that
august body, in warm terms, uttered their mandate against all
irregular proceedings, declaring that they bad by law "made
provision for the peace of the churches and a settled ministry
in eacb town." What tbeir precise view on tbe questions imrae
diately concerning Mr. Shepard was, does not seem perfectly
clear; but they order that certain of his leading friends, as
abettors in the turbulence, " be admonished, and pay, as costs,
£6.7.8 ; " which they certainly would not have done had they
deemed them innocent. Mr. Shepard left Rowley, soon after,
and went to Chebacco parish, Ipswich, now tbe town of Essex,
where he remained a short tirae, and then, in 1679, came to
Lynn, I have given these passages iil his life as exhibiting
points of character which Mr. Lewis does not appear to have
observed. And a biography is never perfect without 'at least a
'glimpse at every principal trait, Mn Shepard was compara
tively young, at tbe time he preached at Rowley ; and no doubt
as he gathered experience saw more and more clearly the neces
sity of restraining his natural temper; yet it would occasionally
assert itself, to the end of his days.]
The narhe of Mr. Shepard's wife was' Mary. [And she was a
daughter of Francis Wainwright, of Ipswich.] She died March
28, 1710, aged fifty-three years. He had nine children; 1,
Hannah, born 1676, married John Downing, of Boston, 1698.
A2*

318 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1720^
2, Jeremiah, born 1677, died 1700, 3, Mehetabel, died 1688,
4f Nathaniel, born June 16, 1681, removed to Boston. 5. Mar
garet, died 1683. 6. Thoraas, born August 1, 1687, died 1709,
f, Francis, died 1692. 8. John, raarried Alice Tucker, 1722.
9. Mehetabel second, married Rev, Jaraes Allin of Brookline,
1717. The following epitaph was transcribed frora the grave stone
of Mr. Shepard, with much difficulty, having become nearly
obliterated by the" dilapidations of time.
Elijah's mantle drops, the prophet dies, \
His earthly mansion quits, and mounts the skies.
 So Shepherd's gone.
His precious dust, death's prey, indeed is here.
But 's nobler breath 'mong seraphs does appear ;
He joins the adoring crowds about the throne.
He 's conquered all, and now he wears the crown.
Rev, Nathaniel Henchraan, who had been invited, in February,
to settle as a colleague with Mr, Shepard, was ordained minister
ofthe first parish, in December. His salary was £115 ; and he
received £160, as a settleraent. Twenty persons, "called Quar
kers," wfere exerapted, some entirely and others in part, from
the payraent of parish taxes.
Rev. Nathaniel Sparhawk was ordained rainister of the second
parish, now Lynnfield, onthe 17th of August, His salary was
£70, Mn John Lewis was raaster of the gramraar school. The
school was kept in four places ; on tbe Common, at Woodend,
in the west parish, and iri the north parish, [It is probably
intended by this phraseology that the grammar school -^as a
circulating institution ; not that there were four schools, but
one school kept a part of the time in each of four places. Yet
John Lewis was not tbe only schoolmaster in Lynn about this
time, Samuel Dexter, a son of John Dexter, of Maiden, and
afterward minister of the first church in Dedham, taught here.
In his diary he says : " Then being Desirous, if it might be, to
Live nigher my friends^ by y« Motion, of some, I was invited to
keep y'^ School at Lyn. W^fore, Quitting ray school at Taunton,
I accepted ofthe Proffers made at Lyn, and, Feb. 17, 1720-21, 1
Began my Scbo'ol at Lyn, in w* I Continued a year ; and upon
y« Day y' my Engageraent was up there A Committee from
Maldon Came to treat with. rae in Reference to Maldon school;
w"*" proposalls I Coraplyed with & kept y' school for ab* six
weeks & then was mostly, to the present time, [4 Dec. 1722,]v
Improv'd in preaching." He was a graduate of Harvard CoUege,'
and at the time of taking tbe school in Lynn, was twenty years
of age. Some of his descendants becarae erainent for their
talent^,]

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1721, 1722, 1723. 319
The General Court ordered fifty thousand pounds to be emit
ted in biUs of credit. Of this, Lynn received £124.4 as its
proportion, which was loaned at five per cent. This money,
which was afterward called Old Tepor, soon began to depreciate;
and in 1750, forty-five shiUings were estimated at one dollar.
1721.
Tbe small pox prevailed in New England. In Boston, more
than eight hundred persons died. If the small-pox- of 1633 was
a judgment upon the Indians, for tbeir erroneous worship, was
not this equally a judgment upon the inhabitants of Boston, ?'
Sorae raen are very free in dealing out the judgments of God to
their enemies, while they contrive to escape fj-ora the conse
quence of tbeir own reasoning. If a misfortune comes upon one
who differs froni tbeir opinions, it is the vengeance of heaven ;
but when the sarae misfortune becomes their own, it is only a
trial. One might suppose that the observation of Solomon, that
" all things happen alike to all men," and that still more pertinent
remark of our Saviour, respecting the Tower of SUoam, would
teach men understanding. (Luke 13 : 4.) But though he spoke
so plainly, how raany do not rightly understand the doctrine of
that inimitable Teacher.
[The Hon. John Burrill, of Lynn, then a CounciUor, died of
the dreaded disease, 10 December, aged 63 years. He was one
of the most eminent men that Lynn, or indeed the colony ever
produced, A biograpical notice of him appears elsewhere in
this volurae,] '
1722,
Between the years 1698 and 1722, there were killed in Lynn
woods and on Nahant, four hundred and twenty-eight foxes ;
for raost of wbich the town paid twcf shUlings each. In 1720,
the town voted to pay no more for killing them, And the number
since this time is unrecorded. We have also no account of tbe
iraraense raultitude wbich were kUled during th© first seventy
years of the town. If these animals were as plenty in the neigh
borhood of Zorah, as they were at Lynn, Sarason probably had
little difficulty in obtaining his alleged number. ^
1723.
[A terrific storm took place on Sunday, 24 February. The
tide rose to an unusual heigbt, Mr, Dexter says, in bis diary,
there was " y* mightyest overflowing of y° sea y' was almost
ever known in this Country," Rev, Thomas Smith, in his jour
nal notes it as " the greatest storra and highest tide that has
been known in the country," And on the 16th ofthe preceding
January he says, " This month has been the hottest that ever

320 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1723.
was felt in the country," The hottest January, he probably
means. The Boston News Letter, referring to the storm, says,
" the water flowed over our Wharffs and in our Streets to a very
surprising height. They say the Tide rose 20 Inches higher
than ever was known before. The storm was very strong at
North-east," [It is probable that the old Friends' meeting-house was built
tbis year, succeeding the one " raised on Wolf HUl," in 1678,
The land on which it stood was given to tbe Society by Richard
Ustes, "in consideration ofthe love and good wiU" he bore to
" y» people of God caUed Quakers, in Lyn," by deed dated "this
seventeehth day of the tenth month, called Deceraber in y" ninth
year of the reign of King George, in the year of our Lord, ac-.
cording to the English account, one thousand, seven hundred
and twenty two," The land was given " unto y® people afore
mentioned, to bury tbeir dead in, and to erect a meeting house
' for to worship God in ; I say those in true feUowship of the
gospell unity with the monthly meeting, and those are to see to
y« Christian burying as we have been in y'' practice of" The
meeting-bouse built this year was removed to give place to the
new house, built in 1816 ; the same which is the present place
of worship, occupying, the rear of tbe lot and facing on SUsbe
street. The old bouse raay still be seen on Broad street, corner
of Beach, where it stands, occupied by a firra engaged in the
luraber business. The Friends are not high churchmen, and do
not scruple, in comraon with most of the denominations around
them, to take back an edifice that has once been solemnly dedi
cated to the service of the Lord, and devote it to worldly pur
poses. But even tbis is less objectionable, to tbe orderly mind,
than so to devote it while it still remains professedly the Lord's,
[The first mill on Saugus river, at the Boston street crossing,
was built tbis year. It was an important undertaking, and the
town records exhibit the public action in the preraises. A
privUege was granted, 27 October, 1721, to Benjarain Potter,
Jacob NewhaU, and WUliara Curtis, to erect a mill here. But
they did not complete their project, and, in town meeting,
8 October, 1722, " resigned up tbeir grant to tbe town again."
At the same meeting the privilege was granted to Thomas Chee
ver and Ebenezer Merriam, under some conditions ; WiUiam
Taylor and Josiah Rhodes protesting against tbe grant. The
mill was soon in operation. In 1729, Merriam sold out to
Cheeven And in 1738, Joseph Gould, a Quaker, purchased
the property. He died in 1774, and the premises became dilap
idated, and for a time remained unfit for use. They were
afterward purchased by George Makepeace, extensive repairs
and additions were made, and the manufacture of snuff and
chocolate commenced, Mr, Makepeace, in 1801, sold the pro-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1724, 1726, 1727. 321
perty to Ebenezer Larkin, ' of Boston, and another, though he
still continued to manage the business ; and the premises were
afterward re-deeded to him. On the 6th of June, 1812, Ama-
riah Childs bought the estate, and continued the business many
years, with success. In 1844 Mr, ChUds sold to Charles Sweet-
sen Saugus is undoubtedly, directly and indirectly, greatly
indebted to these miUs for her prosperity,] >
172'4,
The eastern Indians recommenced their hostilities early in
the spring. On tbe 17th of April they attacked a sloop from
Lynn, at the mouth pf Kennebunk river, commanded by Captain
John Felt, of Lynn, who went tbere for a load of spars. He
had engaged two young men, WUliara Wormwood and Ebenezer
Lewis to assist hira. While standing on the raft, Capt. Felt was
shot dead. Lewis fled to the raiU, when a ball struck hira on
tbe head and killed bim instantly. The ball was afterward
found to be flattened. Wormwood ran ashore, closely pui^sued
by several Indians, and with his back to a stump defended hiraself
witb the butt of his musket, until he was ki]le4 by several balls.
They were all buried in the field near Butier's rocks, and
Capt. Felt's grave stones were standing but a few years since.
1726.
A ship yard was open at Lynn, where the wharves have
since been built, near Liberty Square, Between tbis year and
1741, two brigs and sixteen schooners were built. (CoUins's
Journal,) It is said that before"the first schooner was lailnched,
a great nuraber of men and boys were employed, with paUs, in
filling her with water, to ascertain if she was tight, [Such a
way of trying new vessels was common down to tbe time ofthe
Revolution, and was uot unknown for some years after.
[At tbe Salera Court, this year, £13,15 were awarded to Na
thaniel Potter, for three pieces of linen manufactured at Lynn,]
1727,
[The bridge over Saugus river was repaired this year, the
county bearing two thirds of the expense,
[News of the death of the King was received in Lynn, 14
August, and George II, iramediately proclaimed,
["This was a very hott August, throughout," says Jeremiah
Bumstead, in his diary of this yean]
An earthquake happened on the 29th of October, about twenty-
minutes before eleven, in the evening. The- noise was like the
roaring of a chimney on fire, the sea was violently agitated, and
the stone waUs and chimneys were thrown down. Shocks of
earthquakes were continued for many weeks ; and between this

322 ANNALS 0^ LTNN — 1728, 1729.
time and 1744, the Rev, Mathias Plant, of Newbury, has recorded
nearly two hundred shocks, some of which were loud and vio
lent, [A memorandum in an interleaved almanac, made by
James Jeffrey, of Salem, speaks of this as the most terrible
earthquake ever known in New Eiigland, the first shook being
of two minutes' duration, and there being a succession of shocks
during the week. Rev. Benjamin Colman, in a letter to hig
daughter, dated Boston, 30 .October, 1727, says : " My dear
Child: No doubt you felt y* awful and terrible shock of y«
Earthquake on y^ last Night, about half an hour after ten; mi
some of y* after tremblings at eleven and before twelve again,
and about three and five toward morning. Y" first shock was
very great with us and Very surprising. We were all awake,
being but just got into bed, and were soon rais'd and sat up tUl
two in y« morning, spending y* time in humble cries to God for
our selves and our nei'bours, and in fervent praises to him for
our singular preservations. Your mother and sister were ex
ceeding thankful y* I was not with you: that is to say, not
absent from them, as we were proposing on thursday last. And
as God has ordered it I hope it is much y^ best. We long to
hear from you, how you do after such a terrifying dispensation
to y* whole land. We hear from Dedham, Watertown,- Concord,
Chelmsford, Lyn, &c, that y° shake was y* sarae, and about y"
sarae tirae, with them that it was w*"" us. It remains a loud call
to y" whole land to repent, fear, and give glory to God, God
sanctify y* rod w* he has shook over us for our humUiation and
reformation," [A fast waf held throughout the province, on
Thursday, 21 December, on account of the earthquake.]
The town, on the 22d of November, fixed the prices of grain;
wheat at 6s., barley and rye at 5s,, Indian corn at 3s,, and oats
at Is, 6d, a bushel, /
1728,
The General Court having, the preceding year, issued sixty
thousand pounds more, in biUs of credit, the town received
£130.4, as its proportion, which was loaned at four per cent,
A school house was built in Laighton's lane, now Franklin
street,
1729,
A great snow storm happened on the 15th bf February' during
wbich there was much thunder and lightning.
The General Court was held at Salem, on the 28th of May, in'' '
consequence of the measles at Boston,
_ At the request of the first parish, Mr. Henchman relinquished
his salary of £115, trusting entirely to the generosity of the
people for his support ; in his own words, " depending on what

ANNALS OP LTNN — H30, 1731. 323
encouralgement hath been given me, of the parish doing what
may be handsorae for the future," At the end of the year, the
contribution amounted to £143.1,4,
1730,
On Sunday evening, 12 April, there was an earthquake.
On Monday, 24 August, "Governor Jonathan Belcher went
through Lynn, and ^e people paid their respect's to him in an
extraordinary manner." (Collins.)
On the 3Ist of August Mr. Andrew Mansfield was kUled in a
well^ at Lynnfield, by a stone falling on bis head.
On the 22d of October, the northern lights appeared very
briUiant atid awful, flashing up in red streams,
17 31,
The Rev, Nathaniel Sparhawk was dismissed frora the pastoral
charge of the north parish, now Lynnfield, on the first of July,
having preached eleven years. He was a son of Mr. Nathaniel
Sparba-wk of Cambridge. He was born in 1694, and graduated
at Harvard CoUege in 1715. He wasordained August 17, 1720 ;
and died May 7, 1732 ; about one year after his separation from
that church. A part of his people had become dissatisfied -with
bim, and sorae, whora he considered his friends, advised hira to
ask a disraission, in order to produce tranquillity. He asked a
dismission, and it was unexpectedly granted. A committee was
then chosen to wait on bim, ahd receive tbe cburch records ;
bnt he refused to deliver thera. Soon after, he took to his bed,
and is supposed to have died in consequence* of his disappoint
ment, I have sixteen papers of his hand writing, th^ confes
sions of faith of his wife and other members of his church. He
married EUzabeth Perkins, wbo died May 12, 1768, aged 68
years. He had four children, 1, Elizabeth, 2, Nathaniel, 3,
.Edward Perkins Sparhawk, born July 10, 1728, and graduated
at Harvard CoUege in 1753. He raarried Mehetabel Putnam,
1759, He was never ordained though be preached niany times
in the parishes of Essex, I have twenty-six of his manuscript
sermons, and seventeen iuterleaved almanacs. He appears not
to have appro-vjed the settleraent of Mr. Adams as minister of
the parish foi' which, he was a candidate, and calls him " old
Adams, the reputed teacher of Lynnfield." He is the first per
son whom I found in our records, having three names. The
tiUstom of giving an intermediate name seems not to have been
common, till mo-re than one hundred years after the settlement
Of New England. 4. John, b&rn October 24, 1730, was appren
ticed as a shoemaker, and afterward became a physician in Phil-
.adelphia, .
Rev, Stephen Chase, of Newbury, was ordained minister of

324 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1732, 1733, 1736, 1737, 1738.
the second parish, on the 24th of November. His salary was
£100. On the 3d of August, the school-house was removed from
Franklin street to Water Hill.
1732.
[A severe northeast snow storm took place on the night of the
6th of AprU. A memorandum in an interleaved almanac says :
" Very wett going to the Fast,"]
On the 5th of September, there was an earthquake without
noise. In October, an epidemic cold affected most of the people in
Lynn. It ranged through America, and passed to Europe.
(Collins.) 1 7 3 3 ,
A settlement was begun at Araberst, in New Hampshire, by
people from Lynn. i
A raemorandum respecting the town Meeting, on the 5th
of March, says : " At this meeting we had a great debate and
strife, so that the town was much in a hubbub." (Collins.)
[The foUowing appears on the Lynnfield church records:
" Dec. y" 20, 1733, at a Chh. meeting. Voted that every Com
municant of tbis Chh. shall pay three pence every Sacrament
day, in Order to make provision 'for the Lord's table,"]
1736,
The first meeting-house in the third parish, now Saugus, was
built tbis year.
On the 4th of September, Thomas Hawkes was drowned,
1737,
. On Sunday, 6 February, there was an earthquake, says Col-
lins's journal.
Square toed shoes went out of fashion this year, and buckles
began to be used, [It took buckles about three years to get
into general use. Square toed shoes were again in use in 183S,
and continued for about seven years. They are now again in
fashion, and ought never to give place to the cramping round
or pointed toe.] 7
1738,
On the 31st of March, two houses were burnt ; one of which
belonged to Mn Edmund Lewisj and the other. to Mn John
Hawkes, Mr, Richard Mower was schoolmaster.
The1;own tax was £119,16,10.

4JNNALS OP LTNN — 1739, 1740, 1741. 325

1739.
On the 3d of March, Mr, Theophilus BurriU's barn was burnt.
Rev, Edward Cheever was ordained minister of the third
parish, now Saugus, on Wednesday, the 5th of December,
Mn Edmund Lewis and Mr, Ralph Lindsey, were chosen by
the town, to enforce the act of the General Court, to prevent
the destruction of deer,
1740, •
A fatal disease, called the throat distemper, prevailed in Lynn,
and many fell victims to it. In October, six chUdren died in
¦ one week, (Collins,)
[The sumraer was uncoramonly wet,]
In a great snow storra, on the 17th of December, a schooner
was wrecked on Nahant roCks.
The winter was exceedingly cold, with many storms. The
rivers were frozen in October, Snow began to fall on Thanks
giving day, November 13, and on the 4th of AprU following it
covered the fences, (Collins.) ?
17 41,
The winter of 1741, was perhaps the coldest ever known in
New England, since its settleraent, Francis Lewis, signer of
the Declaration of Independence, drove his horse from New
York to Barnstable, the whole length of Long Island Sound, on
the ice, *
" For these 3 weeks we have had a continued series of ex
treme cold weather,, so that our harbors and rivers are entirely
frozen up. On Charles river a tent is erected for the entertain
ment of travellers, Frora Point Alderton along the south shore,
the ice is continued for the space of above 20 miles," (Boston
Post Boy, Jan. 12.)
" People ride every day from Stratford, Con., to Long Island,
which is three leagues across, which was never known before."
(Boston News Letter, March 5.)
" We hear that great numbers of horses, cattle, and sheep, are
famishing for want of food. Three hundred sheep have died on
Slocura's Island, and 3000 on Nantucket. Neat cattle die in
great nurabers," Some farmers offereid half their cattle for the
Isupport of tbe rest tiU May, " but in vain." (Sarae, 26 March.)
' "Dorchester, March 28, People frora Thorapson's Island,
Squantura, and the adjacent neighborhood, have_ come fifteen
Sabbaths successively upon tbe ice to our" meeting," (Same,
2 AprU.) A letter dated at New London, on the ninth of July, five days
later than our day of Independence, says : ' " There is now at
B2

326 ANNALS OP LTNN -^1742, 1743, 1744..
Lyme on the east side of Corinecticut river, at a saw mill, a
body of ice, as large as two carts can draw, clear and solid, and
I believe might lay there a month longer, were it not that so
iSiany resort, out of curiosity, to drink punch made of it," (Same,
27 July.)
On the 17th of July, a mass' of " snow congealed into ice,"
lay at Ipswich, "nearly four foot thick." (Same, 22 July.)
A difference had existed for several years, between Mr. Hench
man and his parish, in consequence of their refusal to make so
large an addition as he desired to his salary, on which he declined
to accept it. Tbis year he offered to preach lectures to them
gratuitously, for which he received their thanks, and an increase
of bis salary.
Great cqmmotions were excited in the neighboring tojvns,
by Mr. Whitefield's preaching. In some places, meetings were
held almosi every evening ; and exhortations and prayers were
offered by women and children, which had never before been
done in New England.
1742.
The Rev. George Whitefield preached in Lynn. An evening
meeting on tbe lltb of March, is thus noticed. " This evening
sundry young persons were struck, as tbey call it, in the reli
gious manner. This is the first of so in our town," ' (CoUins,)
On the 18th of June, Mn Nathaniel CoUins's house was struck
by lightning.
On the 12th of October, ^n Jonathan Norwood feU from a
fishing boat, near Nahant, and was taken up dead.
1743,
[A memorandum, 27 June, says, "Multitudes of worms eat
almost every green thing in the ground,"]
On. tbe 13th of July, Mn Moses Norwood, of Lynn, was
drowned at Boston,
1744.
On Sunday morning, June 3d., there was an earthquake, suffi
ciently violent to throw down stone waU. It was repeated on
the -20th. (Collins.)
On the l4tb, a smaU company of men were impressed, to be
sent, with other troops from Massachusetts, against the French
and Indians, who were making depredations on the northern
frontier. The town was furnished with a stock of powder,
which was stored 'in a closet beneath tbe pulpit of the first
parish meeting-house.
On the 31st of December, Mn TheophUus Merriam was found
dead on the ice, on Saugus river.

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1745, 1746. 327

1745.
On the evening of March 9th, there was a night arch.
Rev. George Whitefield came to Lynn, on the 3d of July, and
requested Mr, Henchman's perraission to preach in his meeting
house, which was refused. Some of the people resolved that
he should have liberty to preach ; and taking the great doors
from Mr, TheophUus Hallowell's barn, and placing thera upon
sorae barrels, they raade a stage, on the eastern part of the
Common, from whicb he delivered his address. [The barn
aUuded to was an outbuilding belonging to the HaUowell house,
which still stands on North Coramon street, the second east
from St, Stephen's church. It did not then belong to Mr.
HalloweU, who was not born till 1750, but to Benjarain Newhall,
who built the house, and whose daughter Mr. HaUowell, raany
years after, married. Mr^ Newhall was town clerk, and died
during the Revolution.] Mr. Whitefield also delivered a dis-'
course, standing on the platform of the whipping-post, near the
first parish meeting-bousS. On the first application and refusal,
Mr. Henchman addressed a letter, in a printed pamphlet, to the
Rev. Stephen Chase, of Lynnfield, containing reasons for declin
ing to admit Mn Whitefield into his pulpit. Sorae of these
reasons were that Mr. Whitefield had disregarded and violated
the most solemn vow, which he took when be received orders
in the Church of England, and pledged hiraself to advocate and
maintain her discipline and doctrine — that he had intruded into,-
places where regular churches were established — that be used
vain boasting, and theatrical gestures, to gain applause — that
he countenanced, screaming, trances, and epileptic fallings — that
he had defamed the character pf Bishop Tillotson, and slandered
the colleges of New England. To this letter, Mr. WiUiam Hob-
' by, minister of Reading, raade a reply ; and Mr. Henchman
rejoined in a second letter. The controversy extended through
out New England; and many pamphlets were written, both for
and against Mr. Whitefield. Some good seems to have been
done by bim, in awakening the people to a higher sense of tha
importance of piety ; but seeking only to awaken them, and not
direct them to the Church, of which he was a rainister, they
.were left to forra new separations, and to build up other sys
tems of faith.
1746.
A packet schooner, commanded by Capt. Hugh AUey, passed
from Lynn to Boston. It continued to saU for many years, and
was a great convenience.
On tbe 18th of August, there was a frost, sufficient to damage
the corn.

328 AJSfNALS OP LTKN — 1747, 1749, 1750.

1747.
The Rev. Edward Cheever relinquished his connection with
the third parish, of which he had been minister for eight
years. He was a son of Mr. Thomas Cheever, of Lynn, and
was born May 2, 1717. He graduated at Harvard College, in
1737, and was ordained in 1739. He removed to Eastham,'where
he died, August 24, 1794, aged 77 years.
1749.
The drought of this sumraer was probably never exceeded in
.New England. The preceding year had been unusually dry,-
but this was excessively so. There was but little rain frora the
6th of May to the 6th of July. A raemorandum on tbe 18th of
July, by Collins, says : " Extrerae hot dry weather, such as has
not been known in tbe raeraory of raan — so scorched tbat the
creatures can but just live for the want of grass." The effect
ofthe drought was so great, that bay was iraported from England,
Iraraense multitudes of grasshoppers appeared. They were so
plenty on Nahant, that tbe inhabitants walked together, with
bushes in their hands, and drove them, by thousands, into the
sea. [And this is tbe year in which it is said tbe good bishop
of Lausanne pronounced the frightful sentence of excoramunica-
tion against caterpillars.]
1750,
John Adam Dagyr, a shoemaker, from Wales, came to Lynn,
He was one of the best workmen for ladies' shoes, who had
ever appeared in the town. At the time of his arrival, the
business of shoemaking at Lyn_n was very limited, and the
workmen unskillful. There were but three men who conducted
the business so extensively as to employ journeymen. These
were John Mansfield, Benjamin NewhaU, and WUUam Gray,
grandfather of WiUiam Gray, Lieutenant Governor of Massachu
setts. The workmen had frequently obtained good shoes from
England, and taken them to pieces, to discover haw tbey were
made. By the instruction of Mr. Dagyr, they were soon enabled
to produce shoes nearly equal to the best imported from Eng
land. Shoemakers, from all parts of tbe town, went to him for
information ; and be is caUed, in the Boston Gazette of 1764,
" the celebrated shoeraaker of Essex." He resided on Boston
street, not far from the foot of Mall. He married Susanna New
haU, in 1761, and had three chUdren, Caroline, Sarah, and Joseph,
Like raany who have consulted the public interest more than
their own, he was poor, and died in the Lynn alms-house, in
1808, [Quite an excitement prevaUed regarding the raising of silk-

ANNALSOPLTNN — 1751, 1752, 1753, 1755, 329
worms and manufacture of silk ; but it died away without im
portant results, ¦ Numerous mulberry trees, however, were
planted, which continued to yield their delicate fruit, for many
yeaj-s.] On tbe night of July S, Mr, Robert Mansfield's house^ near the
Flax pond, was struck by lightning,
1751,"
On the 8th of February, Capt, Benjamin Blaney, of Swampscot,
fell from his horse, at Maiden, and was taken up dead,
[On the 10th of April, there was so great a snow storm that
the fences were covered. It was thought to have been tbe
greatest since 1717,]
1752,
Rev, Joseph Roby was ordained minister of the third parish,
now Saugus, in August, >
The school house was removed frora Water Hill, to its former
place in Franklin street, on the 29th of September ; and on the
27th of , November, it was again removed to the eastern part
ofthe Common, ,
The selectmen were allowed two shillings a day for their
services, Dr, Nathaniel Henchman was schoolmaster,
1753.
Many sheep having been kUled by wild animals, the people
asserabled, on the 6th of August, and ranged through the woods,
to kill the wolves and foxes. On the 27th, a great nuraber
ofthe inhabitants of Lynn, Salera, and Reading, raet and spent
the day, in endeavoring to clear the forest of them.
[The General Court this year ordered that all persons having
barberry bushes growing on their lands, should extirpate thera
before the 10th of June, 1760. And the surveyors of highways
were required to destroy all growing by tbe roadside within
the specified tirae, or the towns should pay two shiUings for
every one left standing. The reasons for this order were that
those bushes had so much increased tbat the pasture lands
were greatly encumbered ; and it was imagined tbat something
"flew off" from them that blasted the English grain.
1755.
A shop, on the Common, belonging to Mn Benjamin James,
was burnt, on the 4th of February. On the 24th, a schooner,
frora Salera, was cast away on Short Beach, at Nahant. (CoUins.)
On Sunday, AprU 27tb, the Society of Friends, for the first
time, bad two raeetings in one day, (CoUins.)
B2*

330 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1756,
Rev. Stephen Chase, resigned the care of the secOnd parish,
now Lynnfield, He graduated at Harvard University, in 1728,
and was ordained Noveraber 24, 1731, He raarried Jane Win-
get, of Harapton, in 1732; and his children, born at Lynn, were,
Abrahara, Stephen, Jane^, Stephen, secdnd, ahd Mary, He re
moved to Newcastle, in New Hampshire, where he settled and
died, Mn Benjamin Adams, was installed minister of the second
parish, on the 5th of November,
The greatest earthquake ever known in New England, hap*
pened on Tuesday, tbe 18th of Noveraber, at fifteen minutes
after four, in the morning. It continued about four minutes.
WaUs and chimneys were thrown down, and clocks stopped.
On the following Saturday, there was another earthquake, (Col
lins.) On tbe first of this month Lisbon was destroyed. [It
was very destructive, from Maryland to Halifax, in many places,.
More than fifteen hundred chimneys were thrown down or shat
tered, in Boston; some twelve brick houses had tbeir gables
thrown down ; and the spindle of the vane on the market house
was broken off. It does not appear that any greater damage
was done in Lynn than the injuries to wajls and chimneys, Ita
direction seeraed to be frora the northwest. In the West Indies
the sea rose six feet, having first subsided, leaving the vessels
dry at the wharves. In this vicinity the air was calra, the sky
clear, and a bright moon shining ; but the sea was roaring in a
portentous manner.]
A whale, seventy-five feet in length, was landed o'n King's
Beach, on the 9th of December. Dr. Henry Burchsted rode
into his raouth, in a chair drawn by a horse ; and afterward had
two of his bones set up for gate posts, at his house in Essex
street, where tbey stood for raore than fifty years. [Opposite
tbe Doctor's house, the cot of Moll Pitcher, the celebrated for
tune teUer, stood. And many were the sly inquiries, from
strangers, for the place where tbe big whale bones were to be
seen.] In the eastern French and Indian war. Governor Lawrence,
of Nova Scotia sent to Massachusetts, in the course of two
years, about 2000 French CajthoUc Neutrals, who were quar
tered in different places. Lynn bad fourteen, Thomas Lewis
supplied them with provisions ; and among tbe items of his biU
are 432 quarts of milkj'at six pence a gallon. The war continued
until 1763,
1756.
The manuscript of Dn John Perkins gives a long and partic
ular relation of a singular encounter of wit, had between Jona
than Gowen, of Lynn, and Joseph Emerson, of Reading. They

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1757, 1758. 331
met, by appointment, at tbe tavern in Saugus, aud so great was
the number of people, that they removed to an adjacent field.
The Reading champion was foUed, and went home in great
chagrin. Dn Perkins says that the exercise of Gowen's wit
'_' was beyond all huraan imagination." But he afterward feU
into such stupidity, that the expression became proverbial —
" You are as duU as Jonathan Gowen." [The championship, in
such an exercise, is much more worthy of being striven for
than the championship in those pugiUstic encounters which
are the deUght of this refined age. But a bloody nose is more
easily appreciated by most people than an intellectual achieve
ment,]
1757,
There was an earthquake on the 8th of July, at fifteen minutes
after two o'clock, (CoUing,) [A witness says of this earth
quake, " it seemed as though sorae sraall body was swiftly roll
ing along under the earth, which gently raised up that part
of the surface that was over it, and then left it as gently to
subside,"] On the 6th of February, two raerchant vessels, from London,
valued at one hundred thousand pounds, were wrecked on Lynn
Beach, On the afternoon of Sunday, August 14, the people were
alarmed, during meeting tirae, by the beating of druras ; and on
the next day, twenty raen wel-e irapressed, and marched to
Springfield. (Pratt,)
On the 6th of December, Lord Loudon's regiment, in march
ing through Woodend, too^ a boy named Nathaniel Low, living
with Mr, Zaccheus CoUins, His master followed the regiment
into Marblehead, and on his solicitation, being a Quaker, the
boy was released. This, regiment had for some time been
quartered in Boston, where Lord Loudon sported his coach and
six horses, (CoUins,) [The regiment is judged to have been
a rather unruly one, from the frequent complaints made by the
citizens,]
1758,
Thomas Mansfield, Esq., was thrown from his horse, on Friday,
January 6, and died the next Sunday,
A corapany of soldiers, from Lynn, raarched for Canada, on
the twenty-third of May, Edmund IngaUs and Samuel Mudge
were killed, . ¦
In a thunder shower, on the 4th of August, an ox, belonging
to Mr. Henry SUsbe, was killed by lightning,
A sloop from Lynn, commanded by Capt. Ralph Lindsey, was
cast away, on the 15th of August, near Portsmouth.

332 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1759, 1761.

1759.
[A bear, weighing four hundred pounds, was killed in Lynn
woods, this year.
[The Lyiinfield church records state the death, 4 June, of
Margaret, wife of John Briant,' of "something supposed to
breed in her brain,"
[Rev, Jacob Bailey, a Church of England missionary, on the
13th of Deceraber, having walked all the way from Gloucester
to Lynn, stopped at Norwood's tavern for lodging. And in
speaking of the corapany found there be says : " We had araong
us a soldier belonging to Capt, Hazen's company of rangers,
who declared that several Frenchmen were barbarously mur
dered by thera, after quarters were given ; and the villain added,
I suppose to show his iraportance, that be split the head of one
asunder, after he fell on his knees to implore mercy,"]
1761,
The Rev, Nathaniel Henchman was a son of Mr, Nathaniel
Henchman, a bookbinder, and deacon of a churchy in Boston,
He was born on the 22d of Noveraber, 1700, according to a
stateraent on the Lynn records, in tbe hand writing of his son,
though some other records give a different date. He graduated
at Harvard University, in 1717, and was ordained minister of
the first parish of Lynn, in December, 1720. His residence
was on North Common street, 'between Mall and Park streets.
The house which he built was, tUl within a short time of its
reraoval, in 1855, owned by Mr. George Brackett, and now
stands on the west side of Park street, a few rods south of the
brook.] Mr. Henchraan died on the twenty-third day of De
cember, 1761, aged 61, having preached forty-one years. In the
early part of his ministry, he enjoyed the esteem and confidence
of his people. His learning was extensive, and his integrity
and virtue entitled him to high respect. He was strongly at
tached to regularity and order, and disinclined to every species
of enthusiasm. He thought the services of the Sabbath, in
general, were sufficient, and was decidedly opposed to evening
meetings; By his omitting to deliver lectures, and refusing to
admit itinerant preachers into his pulpit, disaffections were cre
ated, wbich deprived him of the regard of many of his people.
The occasion of these difficulties is to be imputed to the opinions
of tbe time, rather than to any want of urbanity on the part of
Mn Henchman, who was very affable ih his manners, and treated
Mn Whitefield with great civiUty and respect in his own house,
and invited hira to remain longer, as appears by Whitefield's
Journal and Dn Wiggles worth's Letten Mn Henchman pub
lished the foUowing pamphlets.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1763. 333
1, Reasons for Declining to Adrait Mn Whitefield into his
pulpit; addressed to the Rev, Stephen Chase, of Lynnfield,
Boston, 1744, 8vo, > j
, .2- ^ Letter to Rev, WiUiam Hobby of Reading, in Reply to
his Vindication of Mn Whitefield, Boston, 1745, 4to.
The following epitaph was written for Mr, Henchman.
Three times aloud the summons hath been blown,
To call Lynn's watchmen to the highest throne.
First Whiting left the chm-ch her loss to weep ;
Then Shepai-d next resigned his peaceful sheep ;
Our other shepherd now gives up the trust.
And leaves his charge to slumber in the dust,
A few fleet years, and the last trump will sound.
To call our Henchman fi-om the silent gi-ound,*
Then we who wake, and they who sleep must come,
\ To hear the Judge pronounce tbe righteous doom, ,
Mn Henchman had two wives ; 1, Deborah Walker, in 1727,
and, 2, Lydia Lewis, in 1734, He had five chUdren. 1. Dn
Nathaniel, born April 1, 1728, graduated at Harvard University
in 1747, was town clefk of Lynn for two years, and died May
30, 1767, aged 39, 2. Daniel. 3. Anna. 4. Lydia. 5. Anna.
On the 12th of March, at twenty minutes after two, in the
morning, there was an earthquake ; and on the first of Novem
ber, between eight and nine in the evening, another. (Collins.)
On the 20th of April, John Stavers commenced running a
stage from Portsraouth to Boston. It was a curricle, drawn by
two horses, and bad seats for three persons. It left Portsmouth
on Monday moming, stopped the first night at Ipswich, and
reached the ferry the next afternoon. It returned on Thursday
morning, and reached Portsmouth on Friday. The fare was
thirteen shillings and six pence. This was the first stage in
New England,
[Hon, Ebenezer Burrfll died, 6 September, aged 82. He was
a conspicuous and useful man in the province, A brief bio
graphical sketch of him may be found elsewhere in this volume.]
1763.
Mr. John Treadwell was ordained minister of the first parish,
on the 2d of March.
There was at this time in the town a man named Robert
Bates, who had such a facility for rhyming that be usually raade
his answers in that raanner. Many of these have been related,
but I only notice one. The tax gatherer called on hira one day,
and addressed him thus : " Mr, Bates, can you pay your rates ? "
to which he replied: "My dear- honey, I have no money; I

* The word " henchman " signifies a warder or watchman, [It now signi
fies rath«r a page, an attendant, one who waits on the person,]

334 ANNALS OF LTNN — 1764, 1765, 1766.
can't pay you now, unless I sell my cow ; I will pay you half,
when I kill my calf; but if you'll wait tiU fall, I'll pay you aU."
1764.
Tie Boston Gazette, of October 21, says : "It is certain that
women's shoes, made at Lynn, do now exceed those usuaUy
imported, in strength and beauty, but not in price. Surely
then, it is expected, the public spirited ladies of the town and
province will turn their iraraediate attention to this branch of
manufacture," [The bridge over Saugus river was rebuilt this year, the
county bearing two thirds ofthe expense.]
December 28, Mr, Robert Wait was found dead on the"-
marsh, near Saugus river. '
1765.
Among the encroachments of the arbitrary power of the
mother country, was the attempt to impose taxes upon the
colonies without their consent. Those taxes were at first
levied in the form of duties ; but the people objected to this
incipient plan of raising a revenue for the support of a govern
ment in which they had no action,, and their opposition eventu
ated in the establishment of their independence.
This year an act was passed by the ParUament of England,
called the Stamp Act, requiring the people of the American
colonies to employ papers stamped with the royal seal, in all
mercantile and legal transactions. This act called forth a gen
eral spirit of opposition, particularly in Boston, where, on the
night of the 26th of August, a party of the people collected,
and nearly demolished the house of Lieutenant Governor Hutch
inson, and several others. In many other places the people
manifested their displeasure, by tolling bells, and burning the
effigiels of the starap officers.
1766.
This year the stamp act was repealed. The people of Lynn
manifested » their joy by ringing tbe beU and making bonfires.
On the first of December, they directed their representative,
Ebenezer BurriU, Esquire, to use his endeavors to procure an
act to corapensate Mn Hutchinson, and others, for their losses in.
the riot of the preceding year. - '
[Ebenezer Mansfield, of Lynnfield, aged 18, dropped down;
dead in the street, on the lOtb of January. And Ensign Ebe
nezer NewhaU, ofthe same place, died on the 22d of June, aged;
73, " of soraething supposed to breed within him."]
On Saturday, the 8th of February, an English brig, from Hull,
was cast away on Pond Beach, on the south side of Nahant.

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1768, 1769, 1770. 335

176&.
[There were made in Lynn, during the year ending 1 January,
80.000 pairs of shoes, as appears by a statement in the Boston
PaUadium, of the 6th of February, 1827,
[At half past nine. On tbe evening of the 6th of August, the
aurora borealis appeared in a complete arch, extending, from
the northwest to the southeast, and "almost as bright as a
rainbow," This must have been similar to the reraarkable
appearance on the night of 28 August, 1827,]
» On the 7th of Noveraber, John WeUraan and Young FUnt
Iwere drowned in the Pines river, and their bodies taken up
¦the next day.
A catamount was kiUed by Joseph Williams, in Lynn woods.
1769.
A snow storm on the llth of May, continued twelve hours.
On Wednesday evening, July 19, a beautiful night arch ap
peared. It was widest in the zenith, and terminated in a point
at each horizon. The color was a brilliant white, and it con
tinued most of the evening.
On the 8th of August, as a party were going on board a
schooner, in the harbor, for a sail of pleasure, the canoe, in
which were six woraen and two men, was overset, and two of
the party drowned. These were Anna Hood, aged 23, daughter
of Benjamin Hood, and Alice Bassett, aged 17, daugljpr of
Daniel Bassett.
In. a very great storm, on the 8th of September, several
buildings were blown down, and a sloop driven ashore at
Nahant.
17 70.
After the repeal of the stamp act, the English Parliament, in
1767, passed an act imposing duties on imported paper, glass,
paints and tea. This again awakened the opposition of the
colonies. The General Court of Massachusetts, iri 1768, pub
lished a letter, expressing their firm loyalty to the king, yet
their unwUlingness to submit to any acts of legislative op
pression. Tbis letter displeased the English government, the
General Court was dissolved, and seven armed vessels, with
soldiers, were sent frora Halifax to Boston, to ensure tranquil
lity. On tbe 5th of March, 1770, a part of these troops, being
assaulted by sorae of the people of Boston, fired upon them,
and kiUed four men. The soldiers were imprisoned, tried, and
acquitted. , j • *
On the 12th of AprU, the duties on paper, glass, and paints,
were repealed ; but the duty on tea, which was three pence on

336 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1772.
a pound, remained. On the 24th of May, the inhabitants of
Lynn held a meeting, in which they passed the following reso
lutions. 1, Voted, We will do our endeavor to discountenance the use of foreign
tea, 2. Voted, No person to sustain any office of profit, that -will' not comply
with tbe above vote,
3. Voted, No taverner or retailer shall be retumed to sessions, that vrill
not assist in discountenancing the use of said tea ; and the selectmen to give
it as a reason to the sessions.
4, Voted, unanimously. That we will u^e our endeavors to promote our
own manufactures amongst us.
The disaffection against the English government, appears to
have been occasioned, not so much by the araount of the duty
on the tea, as by the right wbich it implied in that government
to tax the people of America without their consent. The
colonies had always admitted their allegiance to the English
crown ; but as they had no voice in parliaraent, it was ungen
erous, if not unjust, in that parliament, to impose any taxes
which were not necessary for their immediate benefit,
[Canker worms comraitted great ravages this yean]
A great storm, on the 19th of October, raised the tide higher
than had been known for many years,
[A disease among potatoes prevailed extensively this year.
It appears to have been similar to that which began to prevail
in thi^ vicinity about the year 1850, and has shown itself in a
greatWr or less degree every year since — called the potato rot.]
1772.
Mr, Sparhawk, of Lynnfield, in his diary, thus remarks : "An
amazing quantity of snow fell in the month of March, such as I
never knew in the tirae that I have lived." On the 5th of
March, the amount of snow which fell, was sixteen inches ; on
the 9th, nine inches; on the llth, eight inches; on the 13th,
seven inches; on the 16th, four inches; and on the 20th, fifteen
inches. Thus the whole amount of snow, in sixteen days, was
nearly five feet on a level, [On the second Friday of AprU, a
violent snow storm occurred. In some places the snow drifted
to the depth of twelve feet,]
A fishing schooner was wrecked on Long Beach, on tbe 21st
of March, and Jonathan Collins and WUliam Boynton, the only
two men on board, were drowned.
On the 15tb of May, AbigaU Rhodes, a daughter of Mr, Eleazer
Rhodes, was lost,_ On the 24th, a great number of people went
in search of her, in vain. On the second of June, another gen
eral search was made ; and on the 21st of July, her bones were
found in a swamp near the Pirates' Glen. There were strong

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1773. 337
suspicions of unfairness in regard to ber dea^i. She left a
house in Boston street, in the evening, to return to a cottage
in the forest, where she had been living, and was seen no more
alive. Several persons were apprebened on suspicion, but as
only circumstantial evidence was elicited, they were discharged.
1773.
The opposition to the duty on tea continued unreraitted.
The East India Company sent raany cargoes to America, offering
to sell it at a reduced price ; but tbe people resolved that it
should not be landed. Seventeen men, dressed like Indians,
went on board the vessels in Boston harbor, broke open three
hundred and forty two chests of tea, and poured their contents
into the water.
A town meeting was held at Lynn, on the 16th of December,
in whicb the following resolutions were passed.
1. That the people of the British American Colonies, by their constitution
of government, have a right to fi-eedom, and an exemption from evei-y degree
of oppression and slavery.
2. That it is an essential right of freemen to have the disposal of their
own property, and not to be taxed by any power over which ¦ they have no
control. 3. That the parliamentary duty laid upon tea landed in America, is, in fact,
a tax upon Americans, without tbeir consent.
' 4. That the late act of parliament, allowing the East India Company to
send their tea to America, on their own account, was artfully framed, for the
purpose of enforcing and can-ying into efiect the oppressive act of parlia
ment imposing a duty upon teas impprted into America ; and is a fresh proof
ofthe settled and determined designs of the ministers to deprive us of liberty,
and reduce us to slavery.
5. That we highly disapprove of the landing and selling of such teas in
America, aud will not suffer any teas, subjected to a parliamentary duty, to be
landed or sold in this town ; and that we stand ready to assist our brethren
of Boston, or elsewhere, whenever our aid shall be required, in repelling all
attemptsjo land or sell any teas poisoned with a duty.
The tea fever raged vevy high at tbis time, especially araong
the ladies. A report having been put in circulation through the
town, that Mr. Jaraes Bowler, who had a bake-house and a
Uttle shop, on Water HiU, had a quantity of tea in store, a com
pany of women went to his house, demanded the tea, and
destroyed it. This exploit was certainly as great a piece of
patriotism on their part, as that performed in Boston harbor the
same year, and deserves, to be sung in strains of immortality.
Slander, however, who is always busy in detracting from real
merit, asserted that the women put on extra pockets on that
memorable night, which they fiUed with the fragrant leaf, for
their own private consumption.
A deer was this year started in the Maiden woods, and chased
by some hunters, through Chelsea, to the Lynn marsh. He
C2 22

338 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1774, 1775.
plunge'd into the Saugus river, and attempted to gain the oppo
site shore ; but some Lynn people, coming down the river in a
boat, approached and throwing a rope over his horns, brought
bim ashore at High Point.
1774.
The destruction of the tea at Bos^Jn, gave great offence to the
EngUsh government, and an act was passed, by which the harbor
of Boston was closed against tbe entrance or departure of any
vessels. The inhabitants of Lynn held several meetings, in
which they expressed their disapprobation of the shutting of
the port of Boston, arid their abhorrence of-every species of
tyranny and oppression.
On the 7th of October, a congress of delegates from the
several towns of Massachusetts, assembled at Salem, to consider
the state of affairs. The delegates from Lynn were Ebenezer
Burrill, Esq., and Capt. John Mansfield. They made addresses
to Governor Gage, and «to the clergy of the province, chose a
committee of safetj', and recommended measures for the regula
tion of the pubUc conduct. [Governor Gage, in fact, caUed
this assembly, as a regular General Court, though be afterward
rescinded his call. But they convened, and presently resolved
themselves into what was essentially a provincial congress,]
The night of October 25th was one of surpassing splendor.
The northern lights cast a luminous night arch across the hea
vens, from the eastern to the western hprizon.
1775,
On the morning of Wednesday, the 19th of April, the inhabit'
ants of Lynn were awakened, by the information that a detach
ment of about eight hundred troops, had left Boston, in the
night, and were proceeding toward Concord. On receiving
the intelligence that the troops had left Boston, many of the.
inhabtants of Lynn iramediately set out, without waiting to
be organized, and with such weapons as they could most readily
procure. One raan, with whom I was acquainted, had no other
equipments than a long fowling-piece, without a bayonet, a
born of powder, and a seal-skin pouch, fiUed with buUets and
buck shot. The English troops arrived at Lexington, a- little
before five in the morning, where they fired upon the inhabitants,
assembled in arras before the meeting-house, and kiUed eight
men. They then proceeded to Concord, wbere tbey destroyed
sorae mUitary stores; but being opposed by the militia, they
soon began to retreat. The people from Lynn raet them at
Lexington, on their return,_and joined in firing at them frora tbe
walls and fences. In one instance, says my informant, an Eng
lish soldier coming out of a house, was met by the ownen

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1775, ' 339
They leveled their pieces at each other, and firing at the same
instant, both fell dead. The EngUsh had sixty-five men killed,
the Araericans fifty. Among these were four raen frora Lynn,
•who fell in Lexington.
1, Mn Abednego RamsdeU, He was a son of Noah RamsdeU,
and was born 11 Septeraber, 1750, He had two brothers, older
than hiraself, whose names were Shadrach aud Meshech. He
married Hannah Woodbury, 11 March, 1774, and resided in the
eastern part of Essex street. He had gone out early on that
morning to the sea shore, with his gun, and had kiUed a couple
of black ducks, and was returning with them, when be beard
the alarm. He imraediately threw down the birds, and set off.
He was seen passing through the town, running in haste, with
his stockings fallen over his shoes. He arrived at Lexington
about the raiddle of the day, and fell immediately,
2, Mr. WiUiam Flint, He raarried Sarah Larrabee, 5 June,
1770. 3, Mr. Thomas Hadley. His wife, Rebecca, was drowned, at
Lynnfield, in the stream above the mill pond, into which she
probably fell, in atterapting to cross it, on the Oth of January,
1771. She bad left her house to visit an acquaintance, and
not returning, was searched for. On the 26th her body was
found. ^
4. Mr. Daniel Townsend. He was born 26 December, 1738.
A stone has been erected to his meraory, at Lynnfield, with the
following inscription.
Lie, valiant Townsend, in the peaceful shades ; we trust,
Immoi-tal honors mingle with thy dust.
What though thy body struggled in its gore ?
So did thy Saviour's body, long before ;
And as he raised his own, by power divine.
So the same power shall also quicken thine,
Aud in eternal glory mayst thou shine,
[He left a wife and five young children. The Essex Gazette,
of 2 May, in a brief obituary, speaks of him as having been a
coi;stant and ready friend to the poor and afflicted ; a good
adviser in cases of difficulty ; a mUd, sincere, and able reprover.
In short, it adds, " he was a friend to his country, a blessing to
society, and an ornament to the church of which he was a
member," And then are added, as original, tbe lines given
above. The obituary notice and lines were probably written
by some patriotic friend, the latter being transferred to the
stone, when it was erected,]
In the number ofthe wounded, was Timothy Munroe, ofLynn.
He was standing behind a house, with Daniel Townsend, firing
at tbe British troops, as they were coming down the road, in
their retreat toward Boston, Townsend had just fired, and

340 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1775,
exclaimed, " Tbere is another redcoat down,'' when Munroe,
looking round, saw, to his astonishment, that they were com
pletely hemmed in hy the flank guard of the British army, who
were coming down through the fields behind thera. They
immediately ran into the bouse, and sought for the cellar; but
no ceUar was there. They looked for a closet, but there was
none. All this time, which was indeed but a raoraent, the baUs
were pouring through the back windows, making havoc of the
glass. Townsend leaped through the end window, carrying the
sash and all with him, and instantly feU dead. Munroe foUowed,
and ran for his life. He passed for a long distance between
both parties, many of wbom discharged their guns at him. As
he passed tbe last soldier, who stopped to fire, he heard the
redcoat exclaim, " Damn tbe Yankee ! he is bullet proof — let
him go ! " Mr. Munroe bad one ball through his leg; and thirty-
two bullet holes through his clothes and bat. Even the metal
buttons of his waistcoat were shot off. He kept his Clothes
until he was tired of showing them, and died in 1808, aged 72
years, Mr. Joshua Felt was also wounded, and Josiah Breed
was taken prisoner, but afterward released,
[The battle of Lexington appears to have been sometimes
called the battle of Menotoray, probably from the fact that the
portion of Cambridge lying contiguous to Lexington, and in
which a part of the battle was fought, was at that time called
Menotoray — the same territory now constituting West Cam
bridge, Thus, in the Essex Gazette, of 8 June, appears the
foUowing advertisement: "Lost, in the battle of Menotoray, by
Nathan Putnani, of Capt, Hutchinson's company, who was then
badly wounded, a French firelock, marked D. No. 6, witb a
m'arking iron on the breech. Said Putnam carried it to a cross
road near a mill. Whoever bas said gun in possession, is de
sired to return it to Col. Mansfield, of Lynn, or to the selectmen
of Danvers, and they shall be rewarded for tbeir trouble."]
The war was now begun in earnest. On the 23d of April,
the people of Lynn chose a committee of safety, to consult
measures of defense. This comraittee consisted of Rev, J.^n
Treadwell, minister of the first parish. Rev, Joseph Roby,
minister of the third parish, and Deacon Daniel Mansfield, A
corapany of alarra raen was organized, under the coramand of
Lieutenant Harris Chadwell, Three watches were stationed
each night; one at Sagamore HiU, one at the south end of
Shepard street, and one at NewhaU's Landing, on Saugus riven
No person was aUowed to go out ofthe town without permission,
and the people carried their arms to the place of public worship,
Mn TreadweU, always foremost in patriotic proceedings, ap
peared, on the Sabbath, with his cartridge box under one arm,
and his sermon under the other, and went into the pulpit with

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1776, 341
his musket loaded, [The Provincial Congress, in June, recora
mended the carrying of arms to meeting, on Sundays and other
days when worship was held, by the men who lived within
twenty mUes of the sea coast.]*
On the 17tb of June, was fought the memorable battle of
Bunker HiU. The Lynn regiment was commanded by Colonel
John Mansfield, The English, in tbe battle, lost two hundred
and twenty-six men killed, and the Americans one hundred and
thirty-nine. For many years the tavern in Saugus was kept by Zaccheus
Norwood, and after his death, by bis widow, who married Josiah
Martin, who then became landlord, as tavern keepers were then
caUed, In 1775, he enlisted in the war, and Mr, Jacob Newhall
then took the tavern, which he kept through the Revolution,
and until tbe year 1807.
1776, ,
In January, the English troops werOj quartered at Boston,
and the American at Cambridge, separated by Charles river.
It was the intention of General Putnara to cross over to Boston,
as soon as the river should become sufficiently frozen. Three
of his soldiers, one of wbom was Henry HaUowell, of Lynn,
hearing of this design, set out to try the strength of the ice, by
throwing a large stone before them, A party of about fifty of
the Englisb soldiers, on the opposite shore, commenced firing
at them ; which they only regarded by raocking with their
voices the noise ofthe bullets. They continued on the ice till
the English party retired; when, thinking tbey had gone to
procure a cannon, they returned, after picking up more than
seventy balls on the ice, which they presented to General Put
nam, as trophies of their venturesome exploit. The soldiers
from Lynn were under coramand of Capt, Ezra Newhall,
On the 21st of May, the people of Lynn voted, tbat the min
isters should be invited to attend the annual town meetings, to
begin thera with prayer, I was once at the raeeting of a town
in New Hampshire, in wbich this practice prevails, and was
convinced of its propriety. There are occasions on whicb
prayer is made, whicb are of less apparent iraportance than the
choice of raen, to govern the town or commonwealth, and to
make laws on which the welfare and perhaps the lives of the
people may depend.
A corapany of soldiers was furnished for an expedition to
Canada. On the 2d of August, the town allowed thera fifteen
pounds each, and voted that ten pounds should be given to any
person wbo would voluntarily enlist.
An alarra was raade, at midnight, tbat some -of tbe English
troops had landed on King's beach. Tn a short time tbe town
C2*

342 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1777,
was all in coniriaotion. Many persons left their houses and fled
into the woods. Some families threw their plate into the wells,
and several sick persons were removed. Some self-possession,
however, was manifested. Mr, Frederick Breed, for his exer
tions in rallying the soldiers and marching them to Woodend,
where he found the alarra to be false, received a commission in
the army, and afterward rose to the rank of colonel, [There
was a tavern kept in the old house now standing on Federal,
street, corner of Marion, by Increase NewhaU, It was an alarm
station; that is, a place to which, when an alarm occurred, the
enrolled raen in the district instantly repaired for duty. At
this King's beach alarm, it is said that the officer whose duty
it was to take command, did not appear, and after the soldiers
returned, all safe, he emerged from an oven, in which, panic-
stricken, he had concealed himself.]
1777,
Rev, Benjamin Adams was born at Newbury, in the year 1719,
and graduated at Harvard University, in 1738. He was ordained
minister of the second parish, now Lynnfield, November 5, 1755,
and died May 4, 1777, aged 58, having -preached twenty-one
years. He married Rebecca Nichols, and had seven children;
Rebecca, Dr. Benjarain, Elizabeth, Sarah, Ann, Joseph and Na
than ; the two latter being twins.
[The Friends established a school in Lynn, this year. John
Pope was raaster,
[Vaccination was not practised at this time, and great fearsi
were excited whenever tbe smaU pox raade its appearance. It
was customary for companies to retire to convenient places,
provide themselves with nurses and all things necessary, and
then be inoculated with smaU pox. Taken in tbis way, the,
disease was thought to be mUden At aU events, it was less
hkely to prove fatal, because of the raore favorable circum
stances under which it might be had. The following memoran
dum relates to a Lynn company: " Lynn, May 14, 1777. Th6re
was a company of us went to Marblehead to have the small pox.
We had for our doctors, Benjamin B. Burchstead and Robert
Deayerix, and for our nurse, Amos Breed. Hired a" bouse
of Gideon PhiUips — viz. Abraham Breed, Jonathan PhUUps,
William Breed, Simeon Breed, Richard Pratt, jr., Nathan Breed,
jn, Rufus Newhall, James Breed, jn, John Curtin, jn, Jamea
^airne jn, WUUam Newhall, jn, David Lewis, Micajah Alley,
Jabez Breed, jr., Micajah NewhaU, Paul Farrington, Ebenezer
Porter, WUham Johnson, Amos Newhall — making ninete^ h
the whole ; and aU oame home well." The above was copied
from the original, which was handed to me, sorae thirty yeara
ago, by the Richard Pratt, jn, whose name appears as one

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1780, 34.^
t)f the company; and he assured me that he had carried the
sarae in his pocket, from the day of its date — more than fifty-
five years. It was accorapanied by this certificate : " M'head,
June_4th, 1777, By virtue of this certificate permitt y« within
mention'd person,'after being sraok'd, to pass y" guards, John
Gerry,"] In the winter of this year, John Lewis, aged 26, and Benja
min, aged 15, brothers, ofLynn, died on board the Jersey prison
sliip, in the harbor of New York, Their deaths were principally
occasioned by severe treatment, and by unwholesome food pre
pared in copper vessels,
1780,
The town ofLynn granted as much money as would purchase
twenty-seven hundred silver dollars, to pay tbe soldiers. Within
two years, the town granted seventy thousand pounds, old tenor,
to defray their expenses, Tbe principal money in circulation
was the paper raoney issued by Congress, whicb had greatly
depreciated. A soldier of the Revolution Says, tbat in 1781, he
sold seventeen hundred and eighty dollars of paper money, for
thirty dollars in silver.
The continental currency, as it was called, consisted of small
pieces of paper, about two inches square! The one dollar biUs
had an altar, witb the words, depressa resurgit, the oppressed
rises. The two dollar bills bore a hand, making a circle with
compasses, with the motto, tribulatio dital, trouble enriches.
The device of the three doUar bills was an eagle pouncing upon
a crane, wbo was biting the eagle's neck, with the motto, exitus
in dubio, the event is doubtful. On the five dollar bUls was a
band grasping a thorn bush with the inscription, S-?fsfo'ne vel ab-
stine, hold fast or touch not. The six doUar bills represented a
beaver felling a tree, with tbe word perseverando, hy perseve
rance we prosper. . Another emission bore an anchor, with the
words. In te Domine speramus, In thee. Lord, have I trusted.
The eight doUar bills, displayed 'a harp, with the motto, majora
minjoribus consonant, tbe great harmonize with the little. The
thirty dollar bills exhibited a wreath on an altar, with the legend,
si recte, fades, if you do right you will succeed. When I was
a chUd; I had thousands of dollars of this uncurrent money
\ given me to play with.
The 19tb of May was remarkable throughout New England
for its uncomraon darkness. It began about tbe hour of ten in
the morning. At eleven, the darkness was so great, that the
fowls retired to their roosts^ and the cattie coUected around- the
barns, as at night. Before twelve, candles became requisite,
and many ofthe people ofLynn omitted their dinners, thinking
-that the day of judgment had come. The darkness increased

344 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1780.
through the evening, and continued till midnight. It was sup--
posed by some, to have been occasioned by a smoke, arising
from extensive fires in the western woods, and combining with
a thick fog from the sea. The Rev, Mather Byles, of -Boston,
of punning memory, made a happy remark on this occasion, A
lady sent her -servant, in great alarm, to know if he could tell
the cause of this great darkness, " Tell your mistress," replied
he, " that I am as much in the dark as she is," [A writer of the
time says of the .darkness of the succeeding night, it " was prob
ably as gross as has ever been observed since the almighty fiat
gave birth to Ught, It wanted only palpability to render it as
extraordinary as that which overspread tbe land of Egypt in the
days of Moses. . , , A sheet of white paper held within a few
inches of the eyes, was equally invisible with the blackest
velvet,"] The winter of 1780 was tbe coldest since 1741, [From about
the 15th of February to the 15th of March, the snow and ice did
not melt, even on the southerly sides of buildings, and teams
could pass over w^Us and fences, so deep and bard was the
snow,] At the comraenceraent of the war, there were twenty-six
slaves in Lynn; all of whom were made free this year. In
1675, there was a sla-v-e in Lynn, named Domingo Wight, who
had a wife and two children. Another slave, in 1714, named
Simon Africanus, had a wife and six children. Zaccheus CoUins
had four slaves, whose names were Pharaoh, Essex, Prince, and
Cato, Prince was purchased at Boston, in 1746, for seventy-five
doUars, In 1757, he married Venus, a slave to Zaccheus Gould,
Joshua Cheever had a slave naraed Gift, whom he freed in 1756,
at the solicitation of Hannah Perkins, who became his wife in
1745, on condition that be should free his slave at the age of
twenty-five years. John Bassett had a slave, named Samson,
whom he liberated in 1776, because '< aU nations were made of
one blood." Thomas Cheever had two slaves, Reading and
Jane, wbo were married in 1760, Samuel Johnson had two
slaves, Adam, who married Dinah, in 1 766, Thomas Mansfield
had two slaves, one of whom, named Pompey, had been a prince
in Africa ; and, after bis liberation, lived in the forest on the
east of Saugus riven For raany years,, the slaves in aU the
neighboring towns used to have a boUday aUowed thera once a
year, to visit King Pompey ; and doubtiess this was to tbem a
day of real happiness. On the littie glade by the river side, the
maidens gathered fiowers to crown tbeir old king, and the men
talked of tbe happy hours tbey had known on the banks of the
Gambia. Hannibal, a slave of John Lewis, was an example of
the good effects which education and good treatment may pro
duce in the colored people. He was brought froin Africa when

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1781. 345
a boy, and was treated rather as a servant than S slave. He
married Phebe, a slave of Ebenezer Hawkes, By the indulgence
of his master, and by working extra hours, he earned enough to
purchase the_ freedom of three chUdren, at forty doUars eacb;
but Phebe being a faithful slave, her master would not part with.
her short of forty pounds ; yet, with a motive of hope before
him, Hannibal was not to be discouraged, and in a few years
her purchase was accomplished, and his own freedom was given
to hira. He raarried iri 1762, and had three sons and six daugh
ters, I have seldom known a more worthy family. Ebenezer
BurriU had two slaves ; Jedediah Collins, -two ; Joseph Gould,
two; and James PhUUps, Samuel BurriU, Theophilus Burrill,
Joseph Gaskins, Daniel Bassett, James Purinton, Ralph Lindsey,
and Dr, Henry Burchsted, one slave each ; being in aU, with
their children, about forty slaves.
Rev. Joseph Mottey was ordained minister of the Lynnfield
parish on the 24th of September,
On the 29th of November there was an earthquake,
Dn John Perkins, of Lynnfield, died this year aged 85. His
wife Clarissa died iri 1749, and he wrote a poera on ber death.
He was a verry eminent pbysician in his time, had studied two
"years in London, and practised physic forty years in Boston.
In 1755, he published a tract on earthquakes ; and also an essay
on the sraall pox, in the London Magazine, He left a raan-
uscript of 368 pages, containing an account of his life and
experience, wbich is preserved in the library of the Araerican
Antiquarian Society,
1781.
[Abner Cheever, Dr, John Flagg, and Jaraes Newhall, ofLynn,
were commissioned as Justices of tbe Peace, on the 20tb of|
Septemben Tbis was the earliest date of any commission issued
by Hancock, the first governor under the republicata dispensa
tion, to any justice in this county. Mr. Newhall having been my
grandfather, his commission fell into my hands, and has been pre
served with some care on accourrt of the interesting autograph
of Hancock which stands out with its usual boldness, indicative
ofthe character so undismayed amid the prevailing convulsions.
And it is rather a curious fact that in that very commission,
the surname of the appointee is spelled in different ways, show
ing that even then people had not ceased to delight in a diver
sified orthography. And their style was certainly, in several
respects, more convenient than ours. Dictionaries were scarce,
and it was useful in concealing ignoranpe. It also made the
language more picturesque, in appearance at least. And it does
not seem established that raore exactness in understanding is
attained by our formal mode, Mn Newhall lived in the house

346 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1782,
that yet starfHs on the northerly side of Boston street, opposite
the terraination of Suraraer, To the end of his life he was pop
ularly known as 'Squire Jira ; the appellation having been
bestowed on account of his commission, and to distinguish
,bim from six others of the same name who then lived in Lynn,
The nicknames of those days were in sorae sense necessities,
as raiddle names were not in use ; and the choice of thera gen
eraUy had some reference to personal peculiarities, though they
were often far from being dignified or select. But a word fur
ther on this point may appear in another connection.]
1782,
Rev, John Treadwell relinquished tbe care of the first parish
this year. He was born at Ipswich, September 20, 1738 ; and
was ordained at Lynn, March 2, 1763, where be preached nine
teen years. He returned to Ipswich, and in 1787, reraoved to
Salem. [He graduated at Harvard College, in 1758. After
returning to Ipswich, be taught the grammar schpol there, for
two years, before going to Salem.] He was representative
of Ipswich and Salem, a senator of Essex county, and judge
of the court of comraon pleas. In 1763, he married Mehetabel
Dexter, a descendant of Thomas Dexter, who bought Nahant.
He had a son, John Dexter TreadweU, born in Lynn, May 29,
1768, who becarae a highly respected physician at Salera. [Mr.
Treadwell's daughter Mehetabel raarried Mr. Cleveland, city
missionary of 'Boston ; and professor C. D. Cleveland, the com
piler of numerous useful school books, was tbeir son.]
Mr, Treadwell was a great patriot, a member of the committee
of safety, and foremost in all the proceedings of the town during
the Revolution, It is perhaps somewhat of an anomaly in ethics,
to find a minister of the gospel of peace bearing arms ; but the
British were obnoxious to dissenters, from an opinion that they
wished to establish tbe cburch in America. There has alvyays
been a prejudice in New England against the Efiiscopal Church,
but there is abundant evidence tbat a man raay be a good
churchman and yet a true patriot. Washington and several
other Presidents were members of the church and some of our
most distinguished railitary and naval heroes have been church
men. Mn Treadwell was very fond of indulging in sallies of wit;
and like his namesake in Shakspeare, he was not only witty in
hiraself, but the cause of wit in other men. One Sunday, ob
serving tbat many of bis audience bad their heads in a reclining
posture, he paused in his sermon, and exclaimed, "I should
guess that as many as two thirds of you are asleep ! " Mr. Jo
siah Martin, raising his head, looked round and replied, " If I
were to guess, I should guess there are not more than one half! "

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1783. 347
The next day Mr. Martin was brought up for disturbing divine
service ; but he contended " it was not the time of divine ser
vice ; tbe minister had ceased to preach, and it was guessing
time." He was accordingly discharged. [This Josiah Martin
who bad the temerity to measure wit with Mr. Treadwell, was
an eccentric and in some respects unworthy man. He was
the immediate predecessor of Landlord NewhaU in the old Sau
gus tavern, having married the widow of Zaccheus Norwood,
He appeared in town about the year 1760, and is supposed to
have been an Englisb adventurer. At times he assumed great
polish of manner, and made pretension to extraordinary piety ;
and at other times he exhibited tbe characteristic^ and breeding
of a gross viUain. He was famous for indulging in practical
jokes as well as witticisras, and in whirasical displays of every
kind, with the only apparent object of eliciting the gaze of his
neighbors. He is said, among other feats, to have ridden two
miles, to attend meeting at the Old Tunnel, on a warm June
day, in a double sleigh, with a span of horses, the dust flying
and the runners grating horribly, and striking fire at every
step. And his wife was a forced passenger at his side. He
enlisted in the war, and never returned to Lynn.]
On the night of the 18th of March, Dr. Jonathan Norwood
fell frora bis horse, injuring himself so much as to cause bis
death. He was a son of Zaccheus Norwood, born Septeraber
19, 1751, and graduated at Harvard University, in 1771. ^ He
lived on the north side of the Coramon,
[Tbere was scarcely any corn or second crop of hay this year,
on account of the drought,]
1783.
.This year, the war, which had spread its gloom through the
colonies for seven years, was terminated by a treaty of peace,
signed on the tbird of September ; and the then thirteen United
States took their rank as an independent nation. The red
cross banner of England was exchanged for a flag with thirteen
stripes and thirteen stars ; and Americans now regard the people
of England, like the rest of mankind — in war, eneraies ; in peace,
friends, Witb a few reriiarks respecting raen and raanners before the
Revolution, we wiU take our leave of the olden time. People
were then generaUy a plain, plodding, go-a-foot, raatter-of-fact
sort of people. -RaU roads and steara boats had not even been
thought of; the stage-coach and' the omnibus were unknown;
and when something which was intended to answer the purpose
of a coach at last appeared, it was a lumbering vehicle, drawn
by two horses, passing through tbe town twice a week, in going
to and returning from Boston. A few of the more wealthy'

348 ANNALS OP LTNN — ^^1783.
farmers kept a chaise, or a chair/ which was only "tackled"
on Sundays, or perhaps once a month for a journey to a neigh
boring town. People walked) without thinking it a trouble,
froni three to six miles on Sunday to meeting; the farmer rode
on horseback, taking his wife behind hira; and two or three
spinsters of the family, or perhaps a young wife, followed in
chairs placed in a horse-cart — for a four-wheeled wagon was
unknown in the town for^pore than one hundred and forty
years after its settlemenL^nd when Mn Benjamin Newhall,
about the year 1770, introduced the first ox wagon, itwas
humorously said, that his hired man had to drive down to the
Common to turn it. Tbe pbysician iriade his visits on house-
back, with his big saddle-bags on each side, stuffed with medi-
caraents — for an apothecary's shop was as rare as an opera
house. There were no lectures, or lyceuras, or libraries, or
concerts in those days ; tbere were few exciteraents, for people
had not leisure to proraote thera ; a reputation could not then
be destroyed, as now, in a day, for they lived too remote for
coramon slander — but when the spirit of invective and evil,
which bad been confined for sixty years, did at length break
forth, as in the time of witchcraft, it was as if a mountain lake
should suddenly burst its cereraents of porphyry, uprooting the
finest trees, and bearing boulders of granite through the culti
vated valleys.
Gentlemen, in those days, wore hats with broad brims, turned
up into three corners, with loops at the sides ; long coats, with
large pocket-folds and cuffs, and without coUars, The buttons
were commonly plated, but sometimes of silver, often as large
as half a dollar. Shirts had bosoms and wrist-ruffles ; and aU
wore gold or sUver shirt-buttons at the wrist, united by a link.
The waistcoat was long, with large pockets ; and the neck-cloth
or scarf, of fine white linen, or figured stuff, broidered, and the
ends hanging loosely on the breast. The breeches were usually
close, with silver buckles at the knees. The legs were covered
with long gray stockings, which on holidays were exchanged
for black or white silk. Boots, with broad white tops ; or shoes,
with straps and large silver buckles, completed tbe equipraent.
Ladies wore caps, long stiff stays, and high heeled shoes.
Their bonnets were of sUk or satin, and usually black. Gowns
were extremely long-waisted, witb tight sleeves. Ariother fash
ion was, very short sleeves, with an immense frUl at the elbow,
leaving the rest of the arm naked. A large flexible hoop, three
or four feet in diameter, was for some time quilted into the hem
of tbe gown, raaking an immense display of the lower person.
Along, round cushion, stuffed with cotton or hair, and covered
with black crape, was laid across the head, over which tbe hair
was combed back and fastened. It was almost the universal

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1784, 349
custom, also, for women to wear gold beads — thirty-nine littie
hollow globes, about the size of a pea, strung on a thread, and
tied round the neck. Sometimes this string would prove false
to Its trust — at an assembly, perhaps — and then, oh! such a
time to gather them up, before tbey should be trampled on and
ruined! Working women wore petticoats and half gowns,
drawn with a cord round the waist, and neats' leather shoes ;
though they generaUy, throughout the country, had a pair of
"Lynn shoes" for Sunday. Women did not " go a shopping"
every day then ; there were few shops to go to, and those .con
tained only such articles as were indispensable, and in very
limited variety.
Those times had their benefits, but we would not wish their
return. Nature brings not back the mastodon; why, then,
should we wish a recurrence of those gigantic days, whicb pro
duced great men in proportion to great evUs. That the men
were raore honest and generous, or tbe women more amiable
and virtuous then, is not to be contended. The charra about
thera consists chiefly in tbis, that they lived in the early period
of our history — a period which wUl always be interesting —
the records of wbich wiU be read with as much avidity a thou
sand years hence, as they are to-day,
Lynn had 168 men in the Revolutionary War, of whom fifty-
two were lost, besides the four raen kiU^d at Lexington,
1784, .
The whole political course of our country has been changed
by one great event. We are no longer the subjects of a foreign
power, A new era has dawned upon us. / The days of three-
cornered hats and three-cornered swords are gone. Our govern
ors are no longer appointed in England ; our civil policy is no
longer regulated by her laws. We stand alone, a nation among
nations. Our thousands of little democracies, scattered through
out the wide extent of our almost boundless country, constitute
one grand Republic, which is now trying, before tbe world, tbe
great problem, whether a free people can govern themselves.
For more than twenty years from the adoption of the state
constitution, in 1780, the people of Lynn do not appear to have
been much agitated by any conflict of political opinions'. The
insul-rection in the central counties of Massachusetts, in 1786,
was the first event which disturbed the public peace ; and in the
following ^ear, a company of twenty-three men from Lynn, went
voluntarily to suppress the rebellion. The administration of the
national government, frora its commencement, in 1789, seems to
have been generaUy approved, until the year 1794, when a treaty
of amity was concluded with England, b}' John Jay, chief justice
ofthe United States, with the sanction of President Washington.
D2

350 -ANNALS OP LTNN — 1784.
This treaty served to evince the existence throughout the Union
of two great parties, who were separated by their different
views of the nature and extent of republican government. One
of these parties, denominated Federalists, contended that the
President, with the consent of two thirds of the Senate, had
the constitutional right, in the most extended sense, to make
foreign alliances, on terms the most favorable to the public
welfare. The other party, styled Democrats, considered tliis
power to be so restricted, as not to infringe tbe particular
rights of any State, The principle of one party had for its
object, the greatest good ofthe greatest number — ofthe other,
the greatest good of each individual. Both these parties were
republican in their views ; and were undoubtedly influenced by
a pure regard to the general good ; though they were recipro-;
cally regarded as being hostile to it.
In 1781, all the votes in the town, whicb were forty-four,
were'given for John Hancock, the first governor under tbe new
constitution. The smallest number was in 1784; when there
were only twenty-seven votes for governor, and six for senators.
There were, indeed, many more voters in the town, but tbey
were so well satisfied with the wisdom of tbeir rulers, that they
gave theraselves no anxiety on the subject. But causes of
dissatisfaction gradually arose ; and the spirit of party began to
'be raore plainly manifested in 1800, when tbere were one hun
dred and thirteen votes for Caleb Strong, the federal governor,
and sixty-eight for Elbridge Gerry, tbe democratic candidate.
The political excitement, however, appears to have been very
sraall, and conducted altogether without aniraosity. There was
but one list of senators brought forward tiU 1801, and the fed
eralists retained tbe ascendancy until 1804. After the death of
Washington, and the elevation of Mn Jefferson to the presiden
tial chair, tbe deraocrats in this town began raore ostensibly to
increase, and in 1804 manifested a decided superioritj'-; At the
choice of governor, 145 votes were given for Caleb Strong, and
272 for James Sullivan ; and this year, for the first time, a dem
ocratic representative was chosen. Tbe parties now began to
regard each other with manifestations of decided hostUity, and
the political arena presented a field of civU warfare without
bloodshed. ^ The most strenuous exertion^ were made by one
party to maintain the ascendancy, and by the other to regain it.
No man was permitted to remain neutral ; and if any one, pre
suming on his independence, ventured to form an opinion of his
own, and to regard both parties as passing the bounds of mod-;
eration, he was regarded as an enemy by both. This rage of'
party continued several years, and was soraetimes so violent as
to be in danger of degenerating into animosity and personal
hatred.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1786. 351
[The mode of reckoning the currency at tbis period is iUus
trated by a memorandum of Mr. Sparhawk, of Lynnfield, in an
interleaved almanac " January y« 30th. Bought two piggs by
y» hand of Mr. Reed, the barrow weighing 62 pounds, att five^
pence per pound ... the other weighing 54 pounds att five^
pence per pound ', " the whole amounting to " two pound,
eight shiUings and two pence — which is eight dollars and two
pence."] "Rev. Obadiah Parsons was instaUed pastor of tbe first parish,
on the 4th of February. [The following is another almanag
.memorandum of Mr. Sparhawk : " Feb. y" 4th. Then was In-
'staUed, att 5'^ Old Parish, in Lynn, Mn Obadiah Parsons. Y«
Revnd mn Cleaveland of Ipswich began with prayer, y" Revnd
mn Forbes of Capan preachd tbe sermon, y* Revnd mr. Roby,
of Lynn 3d parish, gave the charge, y" Revnd mr. Payson, of
Chelsea, made the concluding prayer, and the Revnd mr. Smith,
.of Middleton, gave tbe right hand of fellowship. The gentieman
above mentioned was settled in peace, harmony, and concord."
[Still another memorandum of Mr. Sparhawk says : "From
y° 14th of June untiU the 13th of July, a very dry time. And
upon y* 14th of July, early in the morning, Jove thundered to
the left and all Olympus trembled att his nod. The sun about
an hour high; a beautiful refreshing shower. Again, July y® 15tb,
the latter part of y^ night, Jove thundered^to the left, three times,
and Olyrapus trerabled. A shower followed."]
On the 28th of October, General Lafayette passed through
the town, on a visit to tha eastward.
[The Friends, who had been annually paying for the support
of public schools, tbis year raade request to have a portion
reftinded for the use of their own school. After considerable
opposition the request was granted and an allowance annually
made, for sorae years,
[On the 26th of June, there was a reraarkably high tide,]
1786,
In AprU, Benjarain IngaUs, in throwing an anchor frora a boat
in the harbor, was drawn overboard and drowned,
[A town meeting was held on the 8th of May, at which John
Carnes was chosen representative. And tbe raatter of giving
him special instructions was considered. It will be observed
that the poUtical eleraents were at this time in an active state,
and the most patriotic hearts, the wisest heads, and firmest
hands were required in moulding them for the noblest purposes,
A committee, consisting of Sylvanus Hussey, Col, John Mans
field, and Deacon Nathaniel Bancroft, was selected to draw up
instructions. They produced the foUowing, which were at once
voted to be given :

352 ANNALS OP LTNN -^1787,
To Mr. John Carnes, chosen to represent the town of Lynn ahd the district
of Lynnfield in General Court, the ensuing year:
Sir : Our choice of you as Representative shews that we have put great
confidence in you. But to join our voice with that of many others, in order
to save the public, we would enjoin two things in particular upon you. The
first is. That you would look into the grants of public salaries and other
monies, and endeavor to prevent the laying of unnecessary burdens in this
way. But at the same time let every one have an adequate reward for their
sei-vices. The other injuection is this. That you would endeavor to prevent
the ruin of individuals and the public by endeavoring to bring about another
mode of proceeding in our law matters and to put it out ofthe power of the
gentlemen of the law to take such advantage of .their clients as they have
often done, and to put them to so much needless trouble and expense. And
if it cannot be done in any other way, that you endeavor to bring about an
annihilation of the office. But we would have you in this and every thing
else to adhere strictly to the Constitution."
[The first matter in these instructions was certainly important
and well put. But the last savors of an unworthy antipathy to
a class who probably did more than almost any other, to confirm
our Uberties and establish our institutions on a true and abiding
foundation.] The first rock was split in Lynn, this year; by John Gore,
Before this, the people had used rough rock for building, [Mn
Lewis must certainly be mistaken in this. Do not numerous
old ceUars and the underpinning of many ancient houses prove
the contrary ? In 1854, some workmen near Sadler's rock,
exhumed a deposit of quarried granite, which, from the appear
ance of tbe trees above it, must have lain there a hundred years,
if, indeed, it did not belong to Mr. Sadler's habitation, which
stood in the immediate vicinity more than two hundred years
before. It would be astonishing if tbe old Iron Works did not
turn out drills and wedges innumerable, for us© in the neighbor
hood, Tbe art of working stone is a rudimental art, practiced
every where, even among the rudest people, and was known in
ages long before tbe foundation stones of Egyptian grandeur
were laid. And tbere must have been a clear necessity for its
practice in early New England times. How could they have
built roads or cleared lands without blasting? And how easy
it. was to spUt up the granite boulders for buUding purposes.]
On the Oth of December, there was a very great snow ; nearly
seven feet deep on a level. (Sparhawk.)
1787,
[The forraidable insurrection alluded to by Mr, Lewis, a few
paragraphs back, and known as Shays' Rebellion, commenced
in 1786, A town meeting was held in Lynn 17 January, of tbis
year, at whicb it was voted " to raise the men called for by
Gen, Titcomb." The town also voted that one pound be ad
vanced to each soldier who went frora here, in addition to the

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1788, 1790. 353
" wages given by the Court." It was likewise voted tbat the
town pay each man " his wages in specie, that goes for tbe
town, when they know what wages the Court allows to each
man and will take the wages of the Court themselves." And
a further vote was passed requiring the selectmen to call upon
the collectors for money to furnish the soldiers with camp uten
sils and provisions. And if they could not get sufficient frora
the collectors, they were authorized to hire money, giving
their notes in behalf of tb© town. These votes show tbe same
commendable promptness and determination in the performance
of public duties that have always, characterized the people of
Lynn, [Tbe first parish parsonage was built this year. It stood on
the south side of the Common, corner of Commercial street.
In 1832 it was sold and raoved down tbe street, where it still
stands, at the corner of Neptune street.. There were what were
called parsonage lands before this date,]
1788,
[A sloop, commanded by Captain Pendleton, was ^yrecked on
Lynn Beach^ 26 January, The vessel was lost. Only thirty-
five cords of wood were saved,]
General Washington passed through Lynn in October, The
inhabitants were greatly delighted to see him ; and the old
Boston road was thronged with people, who came forth to
salute him as he proceeded to Salem,
1790,
[The foUowing arausing epistle, relating to a disaster that
appears to have taken place near the old sluice, in what is now
the Dy© Factory vUlage, is found among the historical collec
tions ofthe Essex Institute, and is dated 18 February:
Brother N. — I arrived at my house about 2 o'clock, but met with a dis
aster upon the road which has lamed me a little. Passing the Sluice, the ice
lay so sidling I was afi-aid to ride over least the slay should run over the
Bridge, Peggy got out to walk over, and I set on the side ofthe slay to drive
over, and got over safe. Peggy, m passing, was taken by the wind, and must
have gone over the Bridge, if she b^d not set herself down. Seeing that, I
went to help her, and left my horse. He set out after I had assisted Peggy,
I pursued after the horse and ran till I was vei-y much spent, and finally got
bold of th£ slay, but my strength was spent and I was not able to get forward
to get hold of the bridle. I slipped and fell, but was loth to lose my hold of
the slay, and sufiered myself to be drawn upon the ice, I suppose, twenty
rods. At length I worked myself forward, got the bridle, and stopped the
horse, but found myself exU-eniely spent, and much bruised and faint with my
exertions. I feel pretty comfortable now. One of my ankles ,is veiy much
swelled, but I hope it will go off" soon. I now send by B  ¦ Mrs. -— -s
mogisons and the green cloth— am obhged to her for them — all my tamuy
are well — my regards to your family.
From your affectionate Brother.
D2* 23

354 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1791

1791.
Until this year, there were but two religious denominations
in Lynn — tbe First Congregational Church, and the Society of
Friends. This year tbe First Methodist Society was organized.
The Rev. Jesse Lee, a preacher of that persuasion, came to
Lynn on the 14tb of December previous, and was so successful
in preaching at private houses, tbat on tbe 20th of February a
society was formed ; and on the 21st of June a bouse of worship
was raised, whicb was dedicated on the 26th of the sarae month.
This was the first Methodist meeting-bouse in Massachusetts.
Several merabers of the First Congregational Cburch united
-with tbis society; araong whom were the two deacons, who
took with them tbe vessels of the communion service. These
vessels consist of four large silver tankards, eleven silver, cups,"
and one silver font for baptism ; presented to the church by
John BurriU, Theophilus Burrill, and John Breed. The removal
of this plate occasioned a difference between the societies, and
the Congregational Church was compellM to borrow -v^essels,
for the communion, from the cburch at Saugus. The deacons
afterward offered to return one half; and in prospect of a pros
ecution they relinquished tbe whole. It is a fact worthy of
notice, that the First CongregationalCJburch, which had opposed
and persecuted the Quakers and the Baptists, was at one time
so reduced, that only three male members remained. In 1794,
this cburcb invited those of its members who had seceded to
the Methodist Society, to be reunited ; and within a few yeara,
one of the deacons and several of the merabers returned. The
first statioried ministei* of the Methodists was Rev. Amos G,
Thomson, The frequent changes of the ministers of the persua
sion, render it inconvenient to keep an account of them. They
are regarded as belonging to tbe Conference, or society at large ;
and, like tbe apostles, they " have no certain dweUing place,"
May their rest be in heaven !
[It is proper to add in this connection,. that the Methodists
have taken a very different view of the facts regarding their
possession and detention of the church plate, from tbat taken
by the Congregationalists, maintaining that there was nothing
illegal or unfair in what they did — tbat they were in a majority
before withdrawing from the old society, but were held as legal
members and taxed for its support — that tbe deacons were the
rightful custodians of the sacred vessels and had not been
displaced — that they generously abstained from any attempt to
possess themselves of the house of worship, and withdrew and
erected an edifice for themselves. They further assert that
an eminent counseUor was consulted, who assured thera they
were in tbe right. Bnt does all this make out a case ? With-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1T91. 355
out pausing to consider what attitude the affair might have
assumed had ^the Methodists remained and outvoted tbe Con
gregationalists, let us look at the facts just as they were. The
Methodists withdrew — " seceded," to use Mr, Lewis's term.
The plate was given to " The First Church of Christ in Lynn " —
as the inscriptions on the different articles prove. Now did
the seceders claim to be tbat First Church ? Why, no ; they
claimed to be Methodists — a new denomination, and one un
known in tbe world at tbe time the pious donors gave the
•v'essels. They did not revolutionize the old society, but sece
ded from it. And in tbe great political secession of 1861, when
the seceders appropriated all the property of the United States
on -which they could lay hands, -what did we call them ? If the
coramunion v'essels of a church are rightfully in possession of
the deacons, they are there in trust and are not such property
as attaches to the person, ^ould erroneous legal advice have
been received? Implicit'iaith in the instructions of bis coun
sel may be admifeoin any party. But notwithstanding the
proverbial discernment and integrity of lawyers, it nevertheless
has been known tbat whUe advocating the interests of opposing
parties they have slightly differed ; soraetimes, perhaps, leaning
most strongly toward the side from which they received their
fees, Soraething like tbis happened here ; for it seeras that the
Congregationalists as well as tho Methodists consulted most
able counsel, and that each party received assurance tbat they
•were in the right,
[It is not at all necessary for a moment to impute any evil
intent to tho Methodists; for there was opportunity enough
for honest mistake, in the -outset ; and as the contest increased
in warmth it was not natural that their perception of tbe rights
of the other side should beeprae more clear. Tho deacons who
had charge of the plate, appear to have been men of excellent
character. And it is evident, too, that the old church did not
conceive the conduct of the seceders to be sUch as to preclude
them from a cordial invitation to return. And Deacon Farring
ton did, among others, return.' _ _ •
[Tbis was a period when church difficulties were beginning
to occur on every hand. Worse experiences than those whicli
overtook tbe Old Tunnel befell some .others of the societies
which had been planted and nurtured amid the' privations of the
first settlements. Lawsuits, with their long trains of evUsfin-
tervened. And the decisions of the supreme court, in certain
instances, fajl to increase our respect for tbat august tribunal.
It is a singular fact that the First Church of Lynn is almost
tha only one of the early Massscbusetts churches that has main
tained her integrity in doctrine — that has adhered to the Calvin-
istic faith. And perhaps her early experience with the Quakers

356 . ANNALS OF LTNN — 1792.
ind subsequent conflicts with the Methodists, saved ber froin
what in the view of some of ber devoted children would have
Deen the greatest of all calamities, to wit, the instating of
Unltarianism.] ^ ' ' '¦¦ •
The eighteenth of December was the coldest day known for
many years. The therraoraeter was twenty degrees below zero,
1792.
Rev, Obadiah Parsons relinquished his connection with the
first parish on the 16tb of July, He was born at Gloucester,
graduated at Carabridge in 1768, and was instaUed at Lynn,
February 4, 1784, where he preached eight years. He returned
to Gloucester, where he died in December, 1801, His first wife
was Elizabeth Wigglesworth ; bis second, Sally Coffin. He had
nine chUdren ; Elizabeth W., WUUam, Sally C, WUliam and Sally
C, again, Obadiah, Polly, Harriet, Sally, j [Mn Parsons likewise
taught the school near the east end of tbe Comraon. After hiai
return to his native place, he there .taught for several years,
and perforraed the duties of justice of the peace. His first wife
belonged to one of the raost eminent famUies in the colony.
And it is enough to say of his own family, that it gave to the
commonwealth the most able chief justice who e«^er graced her
bench. His son Williara studied medicine, and was surgeon's
mate onboard tbe frigate Constitution while quite a young^
man. His son Obadiah was remarkable for early mental devel
opment, but received injury frora intense application, and died a
little before, be would have attained his majority. Elizabeth,
the eldest daughter, 'born in 1770, was married to Amos Rhodes,
wbo lived on the east side of Pederal^street, and was a man of
property and standing, Polly, who was born in 1784, was
married to Jabez Hitchings, a citizen long well known,
[Before Mr. Parsons came ta Lynn he was settled over the
Squara parish, in Gloucester, which he left, in consequence of
cbarges of a gross nature made against him by a female memben
A council was held to examine into the allegations, and before
it he made a strong defense. The result of tbe examination
appears in. the following votes: "1. That the charge or com
plaint made against the Rev, Mr. Obadiah Parsons was not sup
ported, 2. That, nevertheless, considering the groat alienation
of affection, especially on the part of his people, (nearly one
balf-having left' his ministry,) and the little prospect there is of
further usefulness among thera, we think it expedient, and'advise
as prudent, tbat the pastoral relation be dissolved," The coun
cil also made a report wbich was accepted by churcffand pastor. ¦
And Mn Babson/in his valuable History of Gloucester says the
church raade application for a parish meeting to he called to
act upon the doings of the councU ; which meeting was held

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1793, 357
on the 15th of November, and'resulted in the refusal of the
parish to accept the decision of tbe council. And they further
voted, unanimously, under an article in the warrant for a pre
vious meeting adjourned to the*'same day, that Mr. Parsons be
dismissed frora the work of the gospel rainistry.' One would
think that this action clearly enough indicated tbe prevalent
opinion regarding tbe guilt of Mr, Parsons. Nevertheless, the
Lynn church gave him a call. And, under all tbe circumstances,
one may almost be pardoned for the suggestion that some evil
spirit governed tbeir course, in the hope that thereby the cburch
jwould be broken up,
[As might have been expected, the society was not prosper
ous under tbe ministry of Mr. Parsons. And there were not
wanting stories of his moral delinquencies whije in our midst.
If he were innocent, he was greatly sinned against, and very
unfortunate in being involved in suspicious circumstances. He
was unquestionably a raan of talents, learning, and pleasing
manners, and under other circurastances might have. been an
instruraent of much good, I have been informed by one of our
most aged and inteUigent citizens, wbo was a pupil at his school,
that he would frequently send "by the scholars bis compliments
to their mothers with the message that he would call' and
take tea -with thera. But his reputation was such that notwith
standing the sacred relation he sustained, the return raessage
tbat it would not be convenient to entertain hira would occa
sionally come. He lived in tbe Lindsay bouse, as it is now
caUed, on South Comraon street, tbe second west frora the
corner of Pleasant.]
Tbe ship Commerce, of Boston, was wrecked on the coast of
Arabia, on the 10th of July. One of tbe crew was Jaraes Lar
rabee, of Lynn, who suffered alraost incredible hardships, being
robbed by the Bedouins, and corapeUed to travel hundreds of
miles over the burning sands, where he saw his companions
daily perishing by hunger, thirst, and beat. He finally arrived
at Muscat, where he was relieved and sent home by the EngUsh
consul. Of thirty-four raen, only eight survived.
On the 10th of August Joshua Howard^ aged twenty-nine,
went into the water, after laboring hard upon the salt marsh,
and was immediately chUled and drowned,
[Widow Elizabeth PhUlips died on the lltb of December,
aged a hundred years,]
1793,
Tbis year the post office was established at Lynn, at the corner
of Boston and Federal streets. Col, James Robinson was the
first postmasten [He died in 1832 ; and a brief notice of him
wUl appear under that date.]

358 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1794. •
A boat, containing five persons, was overset, near the mouth
of Saugus river, on the 14th of December, and three persona
drbwned. These were John BurriU, aged 67, WiUiara Whitte-
more, aged 27, and WUliam Crow, aged 15 years. They had
' been on an excursion of pleasure to the Pines ; the a/'ternoon
was pleasant, and as tbey were returning, the' boat was struck
by a squall, which frightened them, and caused them'to seek
the shore, which they probably would have gs^jned, had not one
of thera juraped upon the side of the boat, which caused it to
be overset. Two of them swam to the shore in safety. Mn
BurrUl and the boy also gained the beach, but died in a few
minutes. Dn John Flagg died on the 27tb of May. He was a son of
Rev, ^benezer Flagg, of Chester, N, H., born in 1743, and
graduated at Cambridge, in 1761, In 1769, he carae to Lynn,
where his prudence arid skUl soon secured him the confidence
of tbe people. He was chosen a member of the Comraittee of
Safety, in 1775, and received a coraraission as Colonel. Hia
wife was Susanna Fowle, and he had one daughter, Susanna,
wbo raarried Dn James Gardner,
[Ebenezer Burrill discovered an old tan vat, at Swampscot,
whicli evidently belonged to the tannery on King's brook,
which was in operation in 1743, and took from it a side of
, leather which bad doubtless lain tbere forty years. Near a
j/ branch of the same brook Mr. BurriU also found reUcs of an
ancient brick kUn,]
1794.
On the 17th of May, there was a greaffrost.
Rev. Thomas Cushing Thatcher was ordained minister of the
Firfet Parish, on the 13th of August. -'
A new school-house was tbis 3'ear built by a few individuals
and purchased by tbe town. Six hundred and sixty-six doUars
were granted for tbe support of schools.
In the prospect of a war with France, the government of the
United States required an army of eighty thousand men to be
in preparation. Seventy-five men were detached from Lynn.
The town gave each of them twenty-three shillings, and voted
to increase their wages to ten dollars a month,
[The manufacture of snuff was commenced at Makepeace'a
miU, on Saugus river, by Samuel Fales. Two mortars, formed
by riraming out a couple of rough buttonwood logs, were set
up. And tbis was the beginning of a business which became
profitable. [Christmas day was so warm that at noon the thermometer
stood at eighty, and boys went-in to swim. Such a thing was
probably never known here, before or since.]

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1795, 1796. 359

1795.
In a great storm, on the night of the 9th of December, the
Scottish brig Peggy, Captain John WiUiamson, from Cape BrC;
ton, was wrecked near the southern end of Lynn Beach, She
was laden with dried fish, consigned to Thomas Amory^ of Bos
ton, There were twelve raen on board, only one of whom,
Hugh Cameron, of Greenock, -in Scotland escaped. He was
ordered into the long-boat, to make fast the tackle, when, the
same wave separated it from the vessel, and swept his unfor
tunate comrades from their last hold of life, Tbe vessel was
completely wrecked, being dashed to pieces upon the hard sand,
and tbe fragments of tbe vessel, the cargo, and the crew, were
scattered in melancholy ruin along the beach. The bodies of
eight of tbe drowned men were recovered, and on the llth,
they were buried from the First Parish meeting-bouse, where
an affecting sermon was preached by Rev. Mr. Thatcher, frora
Job 1 : 19, "And I only am escaped alone !" During the dis
course, Hugh Cameron stood in the centre aisle,
[In Dwight's Travels^t is stated that during no summer for
eighty years was there so much rain as during that of 1795,
For ten Weeks, commencing in the middle of June, it rained
at least a part of half the days,
[Massey's HaU, , so called, was built this year. It was on
Boston street, a few rods west of Federal, and is believed to
have been the first public ball in Lynn, Here the Republican
and Democratic caucuses were held. The first dancing school
was opened in this ball, in 1800.
[The schooner Dove, of about twenty tons, was this year
purchased by James PhiUips, Jonathan Blaney, and pthers, and
was the first of the little schooners owned in Swampscot. In
1797 she went ashore in a storm, between Black Rock and New
Cove, and became a total wreck. The same year, James Phillips,
Beniah PhiUips, Joseph Fuller, and others, bought the schooner
Lark, of ^sixteen tons. In October, 1799, during a gale, sbe
sank at her moorings, being a leaky old boat. But the Swariap-
scot people were not to be driven from their purpose by these
disasters, and in tbe same year boijgbt another schooner of the
name of the first — the Dove. Sutjh was the beginning of that
class of Swampscot marine, which now makes such a picturesque
appearance in her little bay.]
1796.
[Tbe first fire engine purchased for pubUc use in Lynn, was
bought this yean It is stUl [1864] in existence, and occasion
ally makes it's appearance, 9n an alarm, attracting much raore
attention by its antique appearance than by its usefulness,]

360 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1797, 1798.

1797.
[Jonathan Makepeace commenced tbe manufacture of choco
late at the mill on Saugus river. And this may be set down as
the beginning of the production of that excellent article which,
under Mn Childs, attained a world-wide celebrity. It is not
improbable, however, that before this, Benjarain Sweetser had
made a little chocolate, by horse power,]
1798,
[At a legal town raeeting, the people of Lynn adopted an
address to the President and Congress, touching our troubles
with France, The address, which seems in the style of Rev. Mn
Thacher, well exhibits the loyalty and spirit of the people, and,
together with the President's reply, is here given :
To John Adams, President, the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America :
At a period which so seriously arrests the attention of eveiy American,
and true friend of his counti-y,as the present,' the inhabitants of Lynn, innhe
State of Massachusetts, feeling it to be their duty, and impressed with the just,
wise and prudent administration ofthe Executive and the i-ulers in general of
the American republic, ardently embrace an opportunity to announce theu- dc
termined resolution to support their constitution and government, with all tbey
-hold most sacred and dear. Convinced as we are, that tbe President has, by
fair, unequivocal, and full insti-uctions, which he has given to our envoys, to
adjust and amicably accommodate all existing difficulties between the United
States and the French republic, done all consistent with the honor, dignity, and
freedom of his counti-y, to preserve peace and good understanding with that
nation. Notwithstanding our envoys are commissioned with full power to
settle all animosities with the French agents, upon the broadest basis of equity,
they are treated with neglect — refused an audience, lest their reasonings should
show to the world the integrity of our government and disclose their iniquity.
Legislators, Guardians ! The most nefarious designs have been plotted to
subvert om- government, subjugate the country, and lay us under contribution ;
but thanks be to the Sovereign ofthe universe, that we do not experience the
fate of Venice, nor groan under the oppression of subdued nations. We are
a free people, have a sense of the blessings which we enjoy under that liberty
and independence, which we have wrested from the hand of one king, and
will not supinely submit to any nation.
We wish not again to behold our fields crimsoned with human blood, and
fei-vently pray God to avert the calamities of war. Nevertheless, should our
magistrates, in whom we place entire confidence, find it expedient to take
energetic measures to defend our liberties, we will readily cooperate witb them
in eveiy such measm-e ; nor do we hesitate, at this interesting crisis, to echo
tbe declaration of our illustrious chief, that "we are not humiliated under a
colonial sense of fear ; we are not a divided people," Our ai-ms are strong in
defense of our rights, and we are determined to repel om- foe,
[Rbplt,]
To the Inhabitants ofLynn, in the State of Massachusetts •
Gentlemen: Your address to the President, Senate aAd House of Repre
sentatives, adopted at a legal town meeting, has been presented to me by your
Representative in Congress, Mr, Sewall.
When the mhabitants of one of our towns, assembled in legal form, solemnly

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1799, 1800, 361
declare themselves impressed with the -wise, just, and prudent administration
of their rulers in general ; and that they will support their constitution and
govemment, with all they hold most sacred and dear, no man who knows
them, -will question their sincerity.
The conviction you avow that the President has done all, consistent with
the honor, dignity, and freedom of his country, to preserve peace and good
understanding with the French, is a gratification to rae which I receive with
esteem. As the treatment of your envoys is without a possibility of justification,
excuse, or apology, I leave it to yom- just resentment. Your acknowledgment
ofthe blessings you enjoy, under your hbei-ty and indepMidence, and deter
mination never supinely to surrender them, prove you to deserve tbem. , '
John Adams.]
1799,
[A resolve passed tbe General Court, 7 June, establishing
a Notary Public at Lynn. And this being the first officer of
the -kind here, it may be well to say a word respecting the^
history of the office in Massachusetts. Hutchinson, under date
1720, says, " There had been no public notaries in tbe Province,
except sucb as derived their authority from the Archbishop of
Canterbury. The House now first observed that a Notary
Public was a civil officer, which by the charter was to be chosen
by tbe General Court, and sent a message desiring the council
to join with the house in the choice of such an officer in each
port ofthe province." The custom under the second charter
must be referred to ; and we may conclude tbat the colonists
under tbe first charter operated with a high band in this as
well as in many other things ; for the Court appointed, in 1644,
WUUam Aspinwall, of Boston, Notary for Massachusetts. And
in 1697, Stephen, Sewall was a " notary publique."]
A barn, belonging to Mr. Micajah Newhall on the south side
of tbe Coramon, was struck by lightning, about noon, on the
2d of August, and burned, with a quantity of hay and grain, and
one of his oxen.
1800.
The memory of Washington was honored by a procession and
eulogy, on the 13th of January. He died on the 14th of De
cember previous. The people assembled at the school-house ;
the scholars walked first, with crape on their arms, foUowed by
a company of militia, witb rauffled druras, the municipal officers
and citizens. The eulogy was pronounced by Rev, Thomas C,
Thacher, at the First Congregational meeting-house, A fune
ral sermon, on tbe same occasion, was preached by Rev, WiUiam
Guirey, at the First Methodist meeting-house,
[The Legislature passed, 20 February, an act to encourage
the manufacture of shoes, boots, and goloshes.]
On the afternoon of Sunday, March 1st, tbere was an earth
quake, E2

362 ' ANNALS OP LTNN — 1800.
On the llth of June, Mr, Samuel Dyer, a gentleman from
Boston, was drowned in Humfrey's Pond, at Lynnfield.
[On Friday, 18 July, the first regular New England Methodist
Conference coraraenced at the raeeting-house on the Common,
Among those present were Jesse Lee, George Pickering, Joshua
WeUs, Joshua Taylor, Joshua HaU, Andrew Nichols, WiUiam
Beauchamp, Thomas F. Sargent, Daniel Fidler, Ralph WiUiston,
Timothy Merritt, and John Finnegan, elders, and fathers of
American Methodism, though sorae of thera were then young
in years. The Conference continued in session two days. The
preachers, however, remained over Sunday, when ordination
services were held. Bishop Asbury delivered an address, from
the text, Matthew ix : 36-38. WhUe the congregation were
still assembled, tbe clouds gathered and a copious rain descend
ed. This was deemed a " signal instance of divine goodness ; "
for a severe drought had prevailed, and the preachers had been
zealously praying for rain.]
On the 26th of July, Mr. Nathaniel FuUer, aged 38 years, was
drowned from a fishing boat, near Nahant,
The ship William Henry, of Salera, owned by Hon, WiUiam
Gray, was wrecked on an island of ice, on the 1st of May^
Three of the crew- were John NewhaU, James Parrott, and Bas
sett Breed, of Lynn, Tbey launched the long-boat ; and the
whole crew, consisting of fifteen persons, leaped into it. They
saved nothing but the compass, the captain's trunk, an axe, and
a fishing line. For six days tbey had no water but a small
quantity wbich had fallen from the clouds, and laid in the hol
low of an island* of salt water ice. On the fourth day, they
caught a fish, wbich some of them devoured raw, but others
were too faint with their long fast to swallow any. When the
storm and fog cleared up, they went ashore at Newfoundland,
and the next raorning found their boat stove and filled with
water. They subsisted three days on sea peas, thistles, and
cranberries. Several of the crew were unable to walk; but
having repaired tbeir boat, they put to sea, and were discovered
by a vessel containing four men, who at first would afford them
no relief, but after much entreaty threw them a rope, and they
arrived at St. John, where the American consul furnished them
witb a passage horae.
[An elephant was exhibited in Lynn, for the first tirae, this
year. He was shown in tbe chaise house of Col. Robinson, on
Boston street, corner, of Federal,
[On the 24th of December there was no frost in the ground.
Previous to the year 1800, there were ^ only three houses on
Nahant, o^fned by Breed, Hood, and Johnson. This year a
large bouse was erected on tbe western part of Nahant, as a
hotel, by Capt, Josepb Johnson,

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1801, 1802, 1803, 363
[The naanufacture of morocco leather was introduced into
Lynn, this year. WUliara Rose established a factory on the
south side of the Common, opposite wbere the pond now is.
A small brook ran across at that place.]
1801.
A very brilliant meteor, half the size of the fuU moon, ap
peared in the northwest, on the evening of Friday, 16 October.
["In all my school days, which ended in 1801," says Benja
min Mudge, in a memorandum, " I never saw but three females
in public schools, and they were there only in the afternoon, to
learn to write." In the Lynn school reports, female pupUs aro
not spoken of tiU 1817.]
1802.
Rev, John Carnes died on the 26th of October, aged 78, He
was bom at Boston in 1724, graduated in 1742, was minister at
Stoneham and Rehoboth, and chaplain in the army of the Revo
lution, At the close of the war he came to Lynn, received a
coraraission as justice of the peace, was nine times elected as a
representative, and in 1788 was a member of the Convention
to ratify the Constitution of the United States, He was an
active and Useful citizen. Ho married Mary, daughter of John
Lewis,, resided on Boston street, and had two childreUj John
and Mary,
1803,
Rev; Joseph Roby, pastor of the Congregational Church in
Saugus, died on the last day of January, aged 79, He- was born
at Boston, iu 1724, graduated in 1742, and was ordained rainister
ofthe third parish ofLynn, now the first parish of Saugus, 1752.
He preached fifty-one years. He was an excellent scholar, a
pious and venerable man, and was highly esteemed for his social
virtues. He published two Fast Sermons, one in 1781, the other
in 1794. He married Rachel Proctor, of Boston, and had seven
children ; Joseph, Rachel, Mary, Henry, Thoraas, Elizabeth and
Sarah, [Mr, Roby belonged to an excellent faraily. Dr. Thoraas
Roby, of Carabridge, and Dr, Ebenezer Roby, of East Sudbury,
both highly distinguished men, were his uncles, Sorae of the
family spelled the narae Robie. His son Thoraas, who was
born 2 March, 1759, graduated at Carabridge in 1779; settled
at Chathara in 1783, and reraained there tiU 1795, He died in
1836.] The ship Federal George, of Duxbury, sailed from Boston in
February, bound to Madeira, with a cargo of flour and corn. In
the number of the crew were three raen from Lynn, whose
names were Bassett Breed Parker Mudge, and Jonathan Ward.

364 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1803.
In the midst of the Atlantic they were overtaken by a great
storm, which, on the 22d, capsized the vessel, carried away her
masts, and bowsprit, and when it subsided, left the deck two
feet beneath the water. The crew, which consisted of seven
men, remained lashed upon the windlass for twenty-four days.
Their sustenance, for the first part of the time, was a small piece
of meat, and a box of candles, which floated up frora the hold.
They afterward succeeded in obtaining a bag of corn, and some
flour soaked with salt water. Their allowance of drink, at first,
was a coffee-pot cover full of water twice a day. This was
afterward reduced to one half, and then to one third. On the
18th bf March, they were relieved by the Duke of Kent, an
English merchant ship, returning from the South Sea, When
they were taken from the wreck, they had but one quart of wa
ter left, '[The Bassett Breed mentioned as one ofthe sufferers,
survived for many years, and died at Lynn, on the 22d of De
cember, 1862, at the advanced age of 87, He bad accumulated
considerable property, and was a worthy citizen,]
On Sunday, the 8th of May, a snow storm commenced, and
continued about seven hours. The snow was left upon the
ground to the depth of one inch. The apple trees were in blos
som at the time.
On the 8th of July, Mr. William Cushman, aged 23, a work
man on the Lynn Hotel, was drowned from a raft of tiraber, in
Saugus river.
On Sunday, the 10th of July, about three of the clock in the
afternoon, a house on Boston street, nearly opposite the foot
of Cottage, was struck by lightning, and Mn MUes Shorey and
his wife were instantly kiUed. The bolt appeared Uke a large
ball of fire. It struck tbe -western chimney, and then, after
descending several feet, separated. One branch melted a watch
which hung over the chamber mantel, passed over tbe cradle
of a sleeping infant, covering it with cinders, and went out at
tbe north chamber window. The other branch descended With
the chimney, and when it reached the chamber floor, separated
into two branches, above the heads of the wife and husband,
who were passing at that instant from the parlor to the kitchem
One part struck Mrs. Shorey on the side of her head, left her
stocking on fire, and passed into the ground. Tbe other part
entered Mr. Shorey's bosom, passed down his side, melted the
buckle of his shoe, and went out at one of the front windows.
There were four families in the house, which contained, at the ,
time, nineteen persons, several df whom were much stunned.
One man, who stood at tbe eastern door, was crushed to the
floor by the pressure of the atraosphere. When the people
entered the room in which Mn Shorey and his wife lay, they
found two small children endeavoring to awaken thqir parents.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1803, , 365
An infant, which Mrs, Shorey, held in her arms, when sbe was
struck, was found with its hair scorched, and its little finger naUs
sUghtly'^ burned. She Uved, and became the wife of Mr. Sanauel
Farrington. Mr. Shorey was a native of New Hampshire, 29
years of age. Mrs. Love Shorey, aged 28 years, was a daugh
ter of Mr. AUen Breed, of Lynn, On the next day they were
buried. The coffins were carried side by side, and a double
procession of mourners, of a great length, followed the bodies to
their burial in one grave.
On the next Sunday, a funeral sermon was preached by the
Rev, Thomas Cushing Thacher, at the First Congregational
meeting-house, from Job xxxvii : 2, 3, 4, At the close of the
service, a house in Market street, owned by Mr, Richard Pratt,
was struck by lightning. It descended the chimney, separated
into three branches, did considerable damage to the house, and
left Mr. Pratt senseless on tbe floor for several minutes.
On Sunday, the 28th of August, at one o'clock in the morning,
the hotel on the western part of Nahant, owned by Captain
Joseph Johnson, took fire and was consuraed, with all its con
tents. The family were awakened by the crying of a child,
which was stifling with the smo^e, and had just time to escape
with their lives. A black man, who slept in the upper story,
saved himself by throwing a feather bed from the window, and
jumping upon it.
On the 8th of Septeraber, John Ballard, John Pennerson, and
his son, went out on a fishing excursion. On the next day, the
boat came ashore at Nahant, with her sails set, the lines out for
fishing, and food ready booked. Nothing raore was ever heard
of the crew ; but as Mr. Pennerson was a Frenchman, and as a
French vessel had been seen that day in the bay, it was con
jectured that they were taken on board and carried to France,
On Thursday, the 22d of Septeraber, the Salem Turnpike was
opened and began to receive toll. Tbe Lynn Hotel was built
this yean The number of shares in this turnpike was twelve
hundred, and tbe original cost was $189,000. This road will
become tbe property of the Commonwealth, when the proprie
tors shall have'received the whole cost, with twelve per cent,
interest ; and the bridge over Mystic river, when seventy.years
shaU be accomplished. This turnpike, for nearly four miles,
passes over a tract of salt inarsh, which is frequently covered
by the tide. When it waa first projected, many persons es
teemed it impracticable to buUd a good road on such a founda
tion. One person testified that 'he had run a pole down to tbe
depth of twenty-five feet. Yet this turnpike proves to be one
of the most excellent roads in America,
The post office was removed from Boston street to the south
end of Federal street.
E2*

366 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1804.

1804.
This year a powder house was built, near High Rock, at an
expense of one hundred and twenty dollars. [This remained a
curious and conspicuous little mark for about fifty years, when
on a certain night some rogue set it on fire and it was consumed.
It had ceased to be used for the storing of powder," many years
before, .
[The first celebration of Independence, in Lynn, took place
this yean There was a procession, and an oration was;deliv-_
ered by Rev,' Peter Janes, the Methodist minister, A patriotic
ode, written by Enoch Mudge, was sung, A large company
partook of a dinner in the hall in the west wing of the Hotel,
which was built the preceding year, *
[Snow fell in this vicinity, in July ; yet the month proved, on
the average, to be the warmest of the yean]
On the 4th of August, the body of a woman was found in the
canal, on the north side of the turnpike, a short distance west
of Saugus bridge. She was ascertained to have been a widow
Currel, who was traveUng from Boston to Marblebead, The
manner of her death was unknown.
Rev. William Frothingham was ordained minister of the Sau
gus parish, on the 26th of Septemben He continued to perform
the duties of that office tUl the year 1817, when he vvas dismissed,,
on his own request.
One of the greatest storms ever known in New England com
menced on Tuesday morning, the Oth of October, The rain fell
fast, accompanied by thunder. At four in tbe afternoon tha
wind became furious, and continued witb unabated epergy tiU
the nest morning. This was probably tbe severest storm after
that of August, 1635. The damage occasioned by it was very
great, BuUdings were unroofed, barns, chimneys, and fences
were blown down, and orchards greatly injured. The chimney
of the school-house on the western part of the Common", feU
through the roof, in the night, carrying the bench, at which I
bad been sitting a few hours before, into the. cellar,- Many
vessels were wrecked, and in Several towns the steeples of
meeting-houses were broken off, and carried to a great distance.
The number of trees uprooted in the woodlands was beyond'
calculation. Thousands of the oldest and hardiest sons of the.
forest, which had braved the storms of centuries, were pros-i
trated before it, and the woods throughout were strewed with
the" trunks of fallen trees, which were not gathered up for many,
years. Some have supposed that a great storm, at an early!
period, may have blown down the trees on tbe marshes ; but it
could not have buried them several feet deep ; and trees have
been found thus buried.

ANNALS OP LTNN ^1805, I8O6. 367

1805. .
For a hundred and seventy-three years, from the buUding of
the first parish meeting-house, tbe people had annuaUy assembled
in it, for the transaction of their municipal concerns. But this
year, tbe merabers of that parish observing the daraage which
such meetings occasioned to the bouse, and believing that,
since the incorporation of other parishes, the town bad no title
in it, refused to have it occupied as a town-house. This refusal
occasioned much controversy between the town and parish, and
¦icommittees were appointed by both parties to accoraplish an
¦(adjustment. An engagement was partiaUy ^made for the occu-
¦ pation of the house, on the payraent of twenty-eight doUars
annually ; but tbe town refused to sanction thei agreeraent, and
the meetings were removed to the Methodist meeting-house, on
the eastern part ofthe Common, in 1806,
The Lynn Acadeniy was opened on tbe 5th of AprU, under
the care of Mr. W4lliam Ballard, A bell was presented to tbis
institution by Col. James Robinson.
An earthquake happened on the 6th of April, at fifteen min
utes after two in the afternoon.
On tbe llth of May, Mr, John Legree Johnson's house, on
tbe east end ofthe Coranion, was struck by lightning,
A society of Free Masons was constituted on the 10th, of
June, by the narae of Mount Carmel Lodge, [Por further no
tices of this institution, see under dates 1834 and 1845.]
On the 24th of July, Mr. Charles Adams fell frora the rocks
at Nipper Stage, on Nahant, and was drowned,
[On Sunday, 11 October, Benjarain PhiUips's house, on Water
Hill, was struck by Ughtning.] ,
1806,
A total eclipse of the sun happened on Monday, tbe 16th of
June, It commenced a few minutes after ten in the forenoon,
and continued about two hours and a half. The sun rose clear,
and tbe morning was uncommonly pleasant. As the eclipse
advanced, tbe air became damp and cool, like the approacb of
evening. The birds at first flew about in astonishment, and
then retired to their roosts, and the stars appeared. The shad
ow ofthe moon was seen traveling across the earth frora west
to east ; and at the moment when the last direct ray of the sun
was intercepted, all things around appeared to waver, as if the
earth was faUing from its orbit. Several persons fainted, and
many were observed to take hold of the objects near tbem for
support. The motion of the spheres was distinctly perceptible,
and the whole systera appeared to be disordered. It seemed as
if tbe central orb of Ught and animation was about to be forever

368 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1807.
extinguished, and creation was returning to its original nonen
tity. The most unreflecting mind was made sensibjl^ of its
dependence, and tbe soul involuntarily sought the protection
of its Maker, The total darkness endured about three minutes.
When the sun came forth from his obscurity, it was with over
whelming lustre ; the dreadful sUence which had spread its
dominion over the universe, was broken ; tbe cocks began to
crow, the birds renewed their songs, and man and nature seeraed
to rejoice, as if returning to existence, frora which they had been
shut out hy the unwonted darkness.
The anniversary of Araerican Independence was tbis year
publicly celebrated in Lynn, for the first -tirae, [Mr, Lewis is
mistaken here. See under date 1804.] As the spirit of party
was exercising its unabated influence, the inhabitants could not
unite in performing the honors of the day, and made two pro
cessions. The Federalists assembled at the First Congregational
meeting-house, wbere an oration was delivered by Mr. Hosea
Hildreth, preceptor ofthe Academy; and the Democrats met at
the First Methodist meeting-house, where an oration was pro
nounced by Dr. Peter G. Robbins. The Democrats dined at
the Hotel, and the Federalists in the hall of the Academy,
And such regard for freedom there was shown,
Tbat either party wished her all their own !
, [The town raeetings began to be held, this year, in the First
Methodist raeeting-house ; and tbey were held there till 1814,]
1807.
The town having determined that no person who was not an
inhabitant should have the privUege of taking any sand, sheUs,
or sea manure from the Lynn beaches, this year prosecuted
several of tbe inhabitants of Danvers, for trespassing against
this order. The decision of tbe court estabUshed the right of
the town to pass sucb a vote and left it in legal possession of aU
the natural treasures wbich the sea might cast upon its shores,
[A rock on the east side of Oak street, was struck by Ught
ning, this year, and a portion weighing some twelve tons thrown
two hundred feet.
[Theophilus Bacbeller's house was burned in OctobenJ
The depression of comraerce and manufactures, at tbe close
of tbis year, was very great. This was principally occasioned
by tbe state of affairs in Europe, and the spoliation of property
in American vessels, by tbe governments of France and Eng
land, which, in tbe prosecution of tbeir hostUities, had made
decrees affecting neutral powers. On the twenty-second of
December, congress passed an act of embargo, by which aU the
ports of the United States were closed against the clearance
of all vessels.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1808, 369

1808.
The enforcement of the embargo law occasioned great suffer
ing throughout the Union, particularly in coramercial places.
The_ harbors were filled with dismantled vessels, which lay
rotting at the wharves. Thousands of seamen were thrown
out of employment, tho price of provisions was enhanced, and
tbe spirit of desolation seemed to be spreading her dark wings
oyer the land. While the democrats were disposed to regard
this state of things as requisite to preserve the dignity of the
nation and the energy of government, the federalists viewed
it as an impolitic, unjust, and arbitrary measure, by which the
interests of coraraerce were sacrificed to the will of party. The
spirit of opposition, in this difference of opinion, was put forth
in its utmost strength. At the election in AprU, tbe greatest
number of votes was produced which bad at this time been
given in tbe town ; of whicb 418 were for James SuUivan, and
273 for Christopher Gore. On the second of May, the people
assembled for the choice of representatives. Tbe democratic
party voted to choose three, and the federalists were inclined
to send none. As tbere was some difficulty in ascertaining the
vote, it was determined that the people should go out of the
house, and arrange themselves on different sides of the Common,
to be counted. The democrats went out, but a part of the
federalists remained, and took possession of the house./ They
chose a town clerk, to whom tbe oath of office was administered,
voted to send no representative, and raade a record of their
pi'oceeding in the town book. The other party then returned,
and chose three representatives. Several of the principal fed
eralists were afterward prosecuted for their infringement of a
legal town meeting; but as it appeared on examination, tbat
none of tbe town meetings had been legal for many years,
because not called by warrant, they were exonerated. On the
29tli of August, a meeting was held to petition the President to
remove the embargo ; but tbe town voted that such a proceed
ing would be highly improper, and passed several resolutions,
approving the measures of the administration. On the following
diy, tbe federalists prepared a memorial, expressing their dis
approbation of the embargo, and requesting its repeal, which
was transmitted to tbe President. The feelings of both parties
were raised to a degree of excitement, which could only be
sustained by political events of unusual occurrence.
[A great bull fight took place at the halfway house, on the
tnrnp'^je, in the summer. Bulls and bull dogs were engaged in
the cruel and vulgaV sport. It was got up by a Mn Gray, of
Salem, and great numbers attended. Raised seats were arranged
for the spectators to conveniently watch the ferocious conflict.

370 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1808,
This was the first bull fight in New England, and certainly
should have been, as it probably was, the last.]
On the 20th of Septeraber, the house of widow Jerusha Wil-
liams, in Market street, was struck by lightning. On tbe same
afternoon, the lightning fell on a flock of sheep, af Nahant,
which were gathered beside a stone waU for shelter, and killed
eighteen of thera.
On the night of Monday, October 31, Mr, TheophUus Breed's
barn, on the south side of the Coramon, was burned ; and on
the night of the foUowing Thursday, a barn belonging to Mn
Jacob Chase, on the opposite side of the Common, was con
sumed ; both of thera having been set on fire by a mischievous
boy. A company of Artillery was incorporated by the General
Court, on the 18th of Noveraber, and two brass field pieces
' aUowed them. [Aaron Newhall was tbe ,first captain, and Ezra
Mudge and Benjamin Mudge were Ueutenants.]
Tbis year Benjamin Mej-riU, Esq., carae into town. He was
^e first lawyer at Lynn. [Mr. MerriU's office was in the south
west chamber of the dwelling house that still stands on North
Common street, tbe next west from Park. He died at Salein,
30 July, 1847, aged 63. He was a man of fine talents, exceUent
education, and kind feelings. He remained in Lynn but a few
months and then removed to Salem, where he became quite
erainent in the profession; rather, however, as a counseUor and
conveyancer than as a pleader. He received the degree of
LL. D. at Cambridge, in 1845. The occasion of his removal
from Lynn as be informed me, a few years before his death, was
somewhat singular. A deputation of tbe citizens called on him
witb the request tbat he would leave the place, it being appre
hended that evU and strife would abound wherever a lawyer's
tent was pitched. He took the matter in good part and soon
departed. The people of Lynn afterward made some amends
for their uncivU proceeding, by entrusting a large share of their
best legal business to his hands. He served them faithfully,
and never seeraed to entertain tbe least Ul feeling toward any
here. He died laraented by a large circle who had received
benefits at bis hand, and left a considerable estate. He was
pever married, which seemed tbe more singular, as be was emi
nently social in bis habits.
[Samuel NeweU — as he spelled his surname, though Mn
Lewis makes it NewhaU — was this year preceptor of Lynn
Academy. He was feeble, and unable to keep up a rigid disci
pline. He remained but a short time, and was afterward a
missionary in India. The celebrated Harriet NeweU was his
wife. [A white faced cow, whUe grazing in the old burying ground

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1809, 1810, 1811. 371
broke through a tomb. Some persons in the vicinity, at night,
observing her head raised and struggling, were much alarraed
and horrifying ghost stories immediately prevaUed, '
[The trapping of lobsters was first practiced at Swampscot,
this year, by Ebenezer Thorndike, He had twelve pots.
[The manufacture of chewing and smoking tobacco was be-
gun this year, in that part of Lynn now known as Cliftondale,
Saugus, by Samuel Copp. By degrees it grew to be a large
and lucrative business,]
1809,
The inhabitants petitioned the General Court for an act to
establish the proceedings of tbe town in tbeir previous raeet
ings, which had been Ulegal, in consequence of the meetings
having been called by notice from the selectraen, instead of a
warrant to a constable, A resolve confirming the proceedings
of the town was passed by the Court on the 18th of February,
The embargo law was repealed by Congress, on the 12th of
AprU, and an act of non-intercourse with France and England,
substituted in its place,
1810,
Independence was celebrated by both political parties, who
very patriotically and cordially united for that purpose, Tbey
formed a procession at the Lynn Hotel, whicb was then kept by
Mn Ebenezer Lewis, and proceeded to tbe First Congregational
meeting-house, where an oration was delivered by Dr, Peter G,
Robbins, This year the Lynn Mineral Spring Hotel was built.
On Friday evening, Noveraber 9, tbere was an earthquake,
[It appeared, by careful estimation, that there were made in
Lynn, this year, 1.000.000 pairs of shoes, valued at about
$800,000, The feraales earned some $50,000 by binding.]
1811.
On the 8th of January, Ayer Williams Marsh, aged five years,
was killed by the falling of an anvil, from a cheese-press.
A great snow storm coraraenced on tbe 2d of February, and
continued three days. It was piled up in reefs, in some places,
more than fifteen feet. In Market street, arches were dug be
neath it, high enough for carriages to pass through.
On the ,4th of July, the officers of Lynn, Marblebead, and
Danvers, had a military celebration at Lynn. The young fed
eralists also partook of a dinner in tbe hall of Lewis's hotel,
which was tastefully decorated for the i occasion, by the young
ladies. The 7th of July was excessively hot. The thermometer rose

372 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1812.
to a hundred and one degrees in tbe shade. Mr. John Jacobs,'
aged 70, while laboring on the salt marsh fell dead in conse
quence of tbe heat.
A splendid comet was visible on the llth of October, between
Arcturus and Lyra. Its train was estimated to be forty mil
lions of miles in length. It remained visible for a number of
months. ^ ,
[The " Lynn Wire and Screw Manufacturing Company," was
incorporated this year. They buUt a dam and factory on Sau
gus river. There was a fair prospect of success ; but the peace
of 1815, by restoring the raeans for cheap iraportations, ruined
their prospects, and the business was abandoned. A number
of substantial individuals were engaged in tbe proraising enter
prise. [The first meeting for the preaching of Universalism, in Lynn,
was held in the Academy, on the Common, this year. Rev.
Joshua Flagg, of Salem, preached. He also lectured at Graves
end.] The Second Methodist Society was forraed in the eastern part
of tbe town, by separation frora the First Society. A meeting
house was built, which was dedicated on the 27th of November.
Their first minister was Rev. Epaphras Kibbey.
1812.
On the 4th of May there was a snow storra, all day and night.
The snow was about eight inches deep.
War was declared by Congress against England, on the 18th
of June. Tbis was called tbe War of Im'pressraents, because
England claimed the right to search American vessels for her
saUors. The conflict was chiefly conducted by battle ships on
the water, but people were much affected by it in the depression
of coraraerce. Tbe FederaUsts disapproved of tbe war — the
Democrats exulted in it.
A new meeting-house was buUt by the First Methodist Soci
ety, at the east end of the Common.
The burial ground in Union street was opened.
[A pottery was commenced in what is now CUftondale, Saugus,
by WUliam Jackson. A fine kind of earthen ware was raade
from clay found in tbe vicinity. It was continued about four
years. Mn Jackson was an EngUshman and occupied a respect
able position. He twice represented the town in the General
Court. ^
[The old Lynn Light Infantry was organized this year.
[Reuben. P. Washburn, a native of Leicester, Mass., commenced
the practice of law, at Lynn. His office was in the buUding
so long occupied by Caleb WUey for a West India goods store,
at the corner of Federal street and the Turnpike. He graduated

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1813. 373
at Dartmouth CoUege, with the class of 1808, and studied law
under Judge Jackson, at Boston. He procured his education
and made his way in tho world by his own exertions. While at
Lynn he married a daughter of Rev. Mn Thachen He was a per
sonal friend of Judge Story and other eminent men both in law
and letters. Considering the business of tbe place, his practice
could not have been large, here, atod be reraoved to Vermont,
in 1817, There he became a judge, and 'to the end of his life
raaintained a high position, and preserved an unsulUed reputa
tion. He died in I860,' at the age of 79.]
1813,
Rev. Tbomas Cushing Thacher discontinued his connection
witb the First Parish. The people gave him a recommendation
and made him a present of eight hundred doUars. He was a
son of Rev. Peter Thacher, minister of Brattie Street Church,
in Boston. He graduated in 1790, was ordained in 1794,
preached nineteen years, and removed to Cambridge. He
wrote many good sermons, six of which, on interesting occa
sions, he published.
1, A Sermon on the Annual Thanksgiving, 1794.
2. A Sermon on tbe Interment of Eight Seamen, 1795.
3. A Eulogy on the Death of Washington, 1800,
4. A Sermon on the Deatb of Mrs. Ann Carnes, 1800.
5. A Masonic Address, delivered at Camoridge,
6, A Sermon on the Death of Mr. Shorey and Wife, 1803,
[Mr. Thacher died at Cambridge, 24 September, 1849. He
was born at Maiden, 11 October, 1771. His wife was Elizabeth
Blaney; and she survived him, living till Septeraber, 1858,
when she died at South Reading, aged 88.]
At a town meeting in March, thirty-nine tithing-men were
chosen. This was for the purpose of enforcing the Sunday law,
that no person should journey on the Sabbath.
The schooner Industry was fitted out as a privateer, under
the command of Capt. Joseph Mudge, and sent in three prizes —
two brigs and one ship.
On tbe first of June, the people of Lynn were caUed forth by
an occasion of unusual interest. The Englisb frigate Shannon,
Capt. Brock, being expressly fitted for tbe purpose, approached
the harbor of Boston,' and challenged the American frigate
Chesapeake, to battle. The hUls and the house tops were
crowded with spectators, who looked on witb intense soUcitude.
The Chesapeake, commanded by Capt. James Lawrence, sailed-
out beyond Nahant, and engaged with her adversary. After a
short and spirited - conflict, Capt. Lawrence feU, the colors^ of
the Chesapeake were lowered, and the Shannon, with her prize,
departed for Halifax.
F2

374 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1813.
The new Methodist meeting-house was dedicated on the 3d
of June.
Rev. Isaac Hurd was ordained pastor of the First Parish, on
the 15th of September.
This year, many racoons, driven by the war from the north,
were shot at Swampscot ; and a wild cat, after a deperate resist
ance, was kiUed at Red Rock. [It can easily be imagined that
wild animals have no partiality for gunpowder. But it seems
hardly reasonable to suppose that the war could have had much
influence in driving the racoons hither, inasmuch as tbere were
military raovements here as well as at the north. Such animals
abounded a short distance back, and sorae necessities touching
their food .may have induced their descent. They had always
been found hereabout; occasionally in considerable numbers.
As late as November, 1829, four were killed in the barn on the
Carnes place, Boston street, two of them weighing fifteen pounds
each.] The celebrated Mary Pitcher, a professed fortune-teller, died
AprU 9, 1813, aged 75 years. Her grandfather, John Dimond,
lived at Marblehead, and for many years exercised the same
pretensions. Her father, Capt, John Dimond, was master of a
vessel frora that place, and was living in 1770, Mary Dimond
was born in the year l738. She was connected with some of
the best famUies in Essex county, and, with the exception of
her extraordinary pretensions, there was nothing disreputable in
her life or character, Sbe was of the medium height and size
for a woman, with a good form and agreeable manners. Her
head, phrenologically considered, was somewhat capacious; her
forehead broad and full, ber hair dark brown, ber nose inclining
to long, and her face pale and thin. There was nothing gross
or sensual in her appearance — her countenance was rather
intellectual ; and she had that contour of face and expression
whicb, without being positively beautiful, is, nevertheless, deci
dedly interesting — a thoughtful, pensive, and sometimes down
cast look, almost approaching to melancholy — an eye, when it
looked at you, of calm and keen penetration — and an expres
sion of inteUigent discernment, half mingled with a glance of
shrewdness. She took a poor man for a husband, and then
adopted what she doubtless thought the harmless employment
of fortune-teUing, in order to support her chUdren, In tbis she
was probably more successful than she herself had anticipated;
and she became celebrated, not only throughout Araerica, but
•throughout tbe world, for her skiU. There was no port on
either continent, wbere floated the flag of an American ship,
that had not heard the farae of MoU Pitcher. To her came the
rich and tbe poor — the wise and tbe ignorant — the accom
plished and the vulgar — the timid and the brave. The ignorant

ANNALS. OP LTNN — 1813. 375
saUor, who believed in the omens and dreams of superstition, and
the intelligent merchant, whose ships were freighted for distant
lands, alike sought her dweUing ; and many a vessel bas been
deserted by its crew, and waited idly at the wharves, for weeks,
in consequence of her unlucky predictions. Many persons came
frora places far reraote, to consult ber on affairs of love, or loss
of property J or to obtain her surmises respecting the vicissi
tudes of their future fortune. Every youth, who was not
assured of the reciprocal affection of his fair one, and every
raaid who was desirous of anticipating the hour of her highest
felicity, repaired at evening to her humble dweUing, which stood
on what was then a lonely road, near tbe foot of High Rock,
with the single dwelling of. Dr, Henry Burchsted nearly oppo
site ; over whose gateway were tbe two bones of a great whale,
disposed in the form of a gothic arch. There, in ber unpretend
ing mansion, for more than fifty years, did she answer tbe
inquiries of the simple rustic from the wilds of New Hampshire,
and the wealthy noble from Europe ; and, doubtless, her predic
tions have had an influence in shaping the fortunes of thou
sands. Mrs. Pitcher was, indeed, one of the most wonderful women
of any age ; and had she lived in the days of alleged witchcraft,
would doubtless have been the first to suffer. That she ac
quired her inteUigence by intercourse with evil spirits, it would
now be preposterous to assert — and it requires a very great
stretch of credulity to believe that sbe arrived at so many
correct conclusions, merely by guess-work. That she made no
pretension to any thing supernatural, is evident from her own
admission, when some one offered her a large sum, if she would
tell him what ticket in the lottery would draw tbe bigbest prize.
" Do you think," said she, " if I knew, I would not buy it my
self?" Several ofthe best authenticated anecdotes which are
related of ber, seem to imply that sbe possessed, in some degree,
the faculty which is now termed clairvoyance- Indeed, there
seem^ to be no other conclusion, unless we suppose that per
sons of general veracity have told us absolute falsehoods. The
possession of this faculty, with her keen perception and shrewd
judgraent, in connection witb the ordinary art which she adrait
ted to have used, to detect the character and business of her
[visitors, wUl pe'rhaps account for all that is extraordinary in her
inteUigence. In so many thousand instances also, of the exer
cise ofher faculty, there is certainly no need of calling in super
natural aid to account for her soraetiraes judging right; and
these favorable instances were certain to be related to ber
advantage, and insured her abundance of credibiUty. She mar
ried Robert Pitcher, a shoemaker, on the 2d of October, 1760.
Had she miarried differently, as she might have done, she would

376

ANNALS OP LTNN — 181^.

Mc^rf-^^^f^^

have adorned a brighter and a happier station in life, and the
world would never have heard of her fame. [The period in
which she lived was one in whicb the education of females was
very little regarded ; yet it is evident that febe was by no means
destitute of education. A fac
simile of ber signature is here
given. It was engraved, with
¦ great care, frora her signature
on a deed dated in 1770, con- Signature of Moll Pitcher.
veying a piece of land near her
habitation.] She had one son, John, and three daughters. Re;
becca, Ruth, and Lydia, wbo married respectably; and some
of her descendants are among the prettiest young ladies of
Lynn. Nor is there any reason why they should blush at the
mention of their ancestress. While it is hoped that no one, in
this enUghtened age, will follow her profession, it must be
adrait¬ted that she had virtues whicb many might practice with
advantage'. She supported her family by ber skUlj and she was
benevolent in her disposition. She has been known to rise
.before sunrise, walk two miles to a mill, purchase a quantity of
raeal, and carry it to a poor widow, who would otherwise have
had no breakfast for her children.
[The cottage in wbich this remarkable woman so long dwelt,
may still be seen. It stands on the north side of Essex street,
nearly opposite Pearl. But population has so increased in the
.vicinity that it is now very far from being iuia lonely place.
The hum of business is beard around, and numeroiis pretentious
edifices look down upon its modest roof. Within a short time
it has undergone repairs, and, together with its surroundings
bas been raade to assurae more of a modern appearance. Its
essential features, however, remain unchanged ; and the follow
ing is a faithful representation of it as it was.]

MOLL pitcher's HOUSE.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1814. 377

1814.
[Samuel W. CoggshaU was drowned in Saugus river, 1 May.
He was a son of Capt. Timothy CoggshaU, of Newport, R. L,
and 29 years of age.] ' - '
The district of Lynnfield, which was separated from Lynn on
the 3d of July, 1782, was this year incorporated as a town, on
the 28th of February.
On the 28th of February, also, the Lynn Mechanics Bank was
incorporated, witb a capital of one hundred thousand doUars.
The erection of the Town House, on the Coramon, was begun
in February.
A company of mUitia, consisting of seventy-eight raen from
Essex county, was detached, in July, for the defense of the
sea coast. Of this number, Lynn furnished fifteen, and the
whole were placed under tbe comraand of Capt. Sarauel Mudge,
of Lynn. On the first of August, they mustered at Danvers,
and on the next day marched to Salem, and encamped on Win
ter Island. On the 27th, a violent storm blew down most of
the tents, and on the next day the detachment reraoved to Port
Lee. On the night of the 28th of September, a great alarm
was occasioned by sorae raen who were drawing a seine at
Beverly. Alarm guns were fired about midnight, and in less
than thirty minutes tbe Salera regiraent was drawn up for orders.
Nearly sixty old raen of that town also took their arms, went
directly to the fort, and patriotically offered ther services to
Captain Mudge. The alarm spread to the neighboring towns,
and within an hour the Lynn reginaent was in arms, and on its
march toward Salem, The promptitude with which these two
regiments were forraed, the self-possession raanifested by tbe
officers and soldiers, and the readiness witb which they raarched
toward what was then confidently believed to be a scene of
action and danger, is worthy of coraraendation. The company
was discharged 'on the first of Noveraber. During a considera^
ble part of this season, guards were stationed in Lynn, on Long
Wharf and Saugus Bridge. The town, with its accustomed
UberaUty, allowed to each of its soldiers, wbo went into service,
thirty dollars in addition to the pay of the government, which
was only eight doUars a month. The town received a hundred
muskets from the State, and a hundred old men volunteered to
use them.
In a great sleet and rain storm, on the night of November
19th, Mn Ward Hartwell, of Charlemont, perished in attempting
to pass Lynn Beach, to Nahant, He lost' bis way and drove
into tbe water.
An earthquake happened on the 28th of November, at twenty
minutes past seven in tbe evening,
F2*

378 ANNALS op LTNN — 1815,
. [The manufacture of linen goods was this year cominenced
by the "Lynn Linen Spinning Factory Company," Tbey buUt
a factory of wood, three stories high, on the east side of Saugus
river, and coraraenced with the raanufacture of sail duck. But
the termination of the war with England afforded facUities for
procuring linen goods frora abroad at such reduced prices that
the business was soon abandoned. Some linen, however, was
made in Lynn long before this ; but it was probably more like
the ordinary tow cloth. See under date 1726,]
1815,
The Saugus parish was incorporated as a separate town, on
the 17th of February.
A treaty of peace with England, which was signed at Ghent,
on the 24th of December, 1814, was ratified by Congress, on
the 17th of February.
This year the First Baptist Church in Lynn was organized,
on tbe 17th of March. In May, the raeeting-hotise which the
Methodist society bad vacated, was purchased for their use. It
is worthy of reraark, that this building was placed upon land
purchased of the First Congregational Church — that very
church which bad persecuted the Baptists, and delivered them
up to the executioner, a hundred and sixty-four years before,
[No Baptists were executed. Some were banished, and others
fined. It is worthy of remark, also, tbat this building was, last
of .all, occupied by the Roman Catholics, that Cburcb which
Baptists, pongregationalists, and Methodists, as well as all other
, protestaut bodies delight to traduce. It was burned on Satur
day night, 28 May, 1859. And so closed its elventful history,
[In Brooks's history of iledford it is stated that at this tirae,
when' onIy"a few persons resided at Nahant, it was the custom
for families in Medford to join in parties to that beautiful prom
ontory. Prom ten to twenty chaises would start together, and,
reaching their destination, the ladies and gentlemen, girls and
boys, would proceed to fishing from the rocks and boats. Each
one wore the comraonest clothes ; and the day was passed in
all sorts of sports. A fish dinner was an ¦ agreed part of the
fare ; and a supper at Lynn Hotel closed the eating for the day.
The party rode horae by moonlight ; and by ten o'clock were
sufficiently fatigued to accept the bed as a most agreeable finale.
And such parties often came from Maiden, Reading, Stoneham,
and places more remote. The dinners were generally cooked
by the parties themselves, over fires built among tbe rocks,
a sufficient supply of drift wood being gleaned from the shores,
Tbey were right jolly times, and involved Uttie expense.]
A very great storra, on the 23d of September, occasioned
much damage. The wind blew violentiy frora the southeast,

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1816. 379
ahd buUdings, fences, and trees, fell before it. A part of the
roof of the Academy was taken off, and carried by the wind raore
than half way across tbe Common. The spray of the ocean
was borne far ilpon the land, and the fruit on trees several
miles from the shore was impregnated witb salt.
1816.
[The firat Methodist Society in Lynnfield, was organized on
the 2d of April.]
The Baptist society was incorporated on the 15th of April;
and on tbe 15th of September, Rev. George Phippen was settled
as their first ministen
Rev. Isaac Hurd relinquished his pastoral care over the First
Congregational Society, on tbe 22d of May, He was born at
Charlestown, [in December, 1785, and graduated at Canabridge,
in 1806, From Lynn he . reraoved to Exeter, N. H., where he
was installed over the Second Church of that place, September
11, 1817. There he remained tUl his death, which took place a
few years since.
[The suraraer of this year was very cool, and little corn
ripened. There was a frost in every month ; and snow fell on
tbe 8th of June, The 23d of June, however, was excessively
hot, the thermometer rising to 101 degrees, in the shade.
[The Quaker meeting-bouse was built on Broad street, this
year; and it stood on its original site till 1852, when it was
moved back some rods and made to face on SUsbe street. Fo"
facts relating to the earlier Quaker raeeting-houses see under
dates 1678 and 1723.
[A great horse trot took place on Friday, September 6, The
course was on the Turnpike, and extended three railes toward
^oston, frora Saugus river bridge. This is said to have been
the first regular trot in the country ; and it was attended by a
great raultitude of spectators, from far and near. A horse called
Old Blue, owned by Major Stackpole, trotted three miles in
eight minutes and forty-two seconds. The same horse, four
days after, trotted the same distance in eight rainutes and fifty-
six seconds, and again, two daysiafteJ" that, the same distance in
eight rainutes and eighteen and three quarter seconds,
[This year another atterapt was made to establish the manu
facture of linen in this vicinity, Nathaniel Perry built a dam
over the brook in North Saugus, and erected a large wooden
building in which he designed to spin and weave a finer kind
of linen. He did not, however, succeed in his enterprise,
[Isaac BurriU, who lived«near Saugus river bridge, on Boston
street, whUe returning from Boston, on a cold, moonlight night,
was robbed, on the Turnpike, by three highwaymen. He was
a shoe raanufacturer, on a smaU scale, and was walking home

380 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1817, 1818".
fronj Boston with a bag of articles which he bad received in
exchange for shoes disposed of during the day. He had also a
small sum of raoney in his pocket. When near a sraall shanty,
which stood on the south of the Turnpike, perhaps a mile west
of the Half-way House, and which had been erected for the
convenience of laborers on the marshes, three raen rushed out
and forced him into the building. There they robbed him of all
he had of value, and bound him, hand and foot, with raw herap.
They then left bim, with tbe threat of instant death if be should
make any outcry before the mail stage had passed, adding that
they intended to rob that. He kept silence for the time speci
fied, but they did not return. By straining and kicking be
finally succeeded in releasing his feet, and soon reached the
Half-way House. The robbers were never caught. He said
they assured him that nothing but shear necessity impelled
them to the act. There was no attempt to rob the raail, the
pretense about that probably being for the purpose of keeping
hira quiet while they made good tbeir escape. His pocketbook
was found, weeks after, in Cambridgeport, in a ditch.]
In Noveraber, new bells were placed on the First Congrega
tional and First Methodist raeeting-houses,
1817,
Friday, tbe 14th of February, was an exceedingly cold day.
The thermometer was eighteen degrees below zero.
There was an earthquake on Sunday, 7 Septeraber, and an
other on 5 October.
This year, Hon, Thomas H, Perkins built tbe first stone cot
tage on Nahant.
President Munroe passed through Lynn.
[The prices of provisions were very high, in Lynn, at this
time. From tho old book of a respectable shoe manufacturer
it appears that flour was $16 a barrel, Indian meal $2 a bushel,
raolasses 70 cents a gaUon, young hyson tea $1.60 a pound, and
brown sugar 18 cents a pound.]*
1818'.
[Herbert Richardson, jr., aged 24, and Charlotte Palmer, aged
20, were drowned in the Shawsheen river, on their way to Lynn
field, where they were to be married, the same evening, March 3.
[There was a very long storm in April. A memorandum
made by Major Ezra Hitchings, who kept a store on Boston
street, says it " began to snow tbe second of April, at eleven
o'clock, and continued to snow and rain alternately tiU the
tenth, at six o'clock in the evening."]
Rev. Otis Rockwood was ordained pastor of the First Congre
gational Church, on the 1st of July.

^ ANNALS OP LTNN— 1819. 381
A stone buUding, for a scbool-touse and library, was built at
Nahant, and several hundred volumes were presented by gentle
men from Boston.
The First Social Library at Lynn was incorporated, [But it
would be a mistake to suppose that the first library was formed
this year. There was a good social library here before the
commencement of the present century, and Mr. Thacher acted
as librarian during a part of his ministry. The library incor
porated this year became a useful institution, and was continued,
much according to its original organization, tiU it was merged
in the Lynn Library Association, incorporated in March, 1855,
And finally, in 1862, the collection went to form the basis of the
adjective-afflicted " Lynn Free PubUc Library." " At the last
mentioned date the number of volumes was about 4.100. No
doubt care will be exercised to increase the value of this insti
tution. A free library, especially, should be composed of only
such books as will exert a healthful influence ; it should be a
corrector, not a follower, of public taste. The books of, such a
library, whatever they are, will be extensively read ; and if it
contains none but good ones, the influence raust be highly bene
ficial, Tbe circulating library, as it is called, stands on a very
different footing, and is in sorae sense beyond the control of
those who may stand in the attitude of conservators of the
public weal,]
1819,
The winter was unusually mUd, with little snow, and the
harbor scarcely frozen. Farmers ploughed in every month;
January was like April, and the spring was forward and warm.
[The principal snow storm was on the Sth of March.]
The first attempt to form an Episcopal Church in Lynn, was
made this year. A few persons were organized as a Church on
the 27th of January, and continued to w;orship in the Academy
about four years. • , _
On the 31st of January, Jonathan Mansfield was drowned in
the Flax pond. On the 6th of AprU, WiUiam Phillips was drown
ed in the Pines riven On the 4tb of September, Asa Gowdey
was drowned near the mouth of Saugus river,
[The first Missionary Society of the great Methodist Cburch
was formed in Lynn, on the 21st of February, The General
Missionary Society was not organized till the 4th of April,]
Tuesday, July 6, was an exceeding warm day. The thermom
eter rose to 120 degrees in the sun,
A farm of about fifty acres was purchased by the town, and a
new poor-house buUt on WiUis's hUl, [I do not understand
why Mr, Lewis, here and in one or two other places, calls this
WiUis's hiU, No one else appears to have done so. True, one

382 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1815.
of the early settiers, named WiUis, owned lands hereabout, but
the hUl does not appear tchave been called by his name.
[Isaiah NewhaU, a shoemaker, who lived on Federal street,
made in three consecutive days, fifty one pairs of ladies' spring
heel shoes. The price of making, was thirty-three cents per
pair,] This year the Nahant Hotel was built, by Hon. Thomas H.
Perkins and Hon. Edward H. Robbins, at an expense of about
sixty thousand dollars.
That singular marine animal, caUed the Sea-serpent, first made
his appearance in tbe waters of Lynn this year. It was aUeged
that it had been seen in August, 1817 and 1818, in Gloucester
harbon On the 13th and 14th days of August, tbis year, many
hundred persons were coUected on Lynn Beach, by a reporf
tbat it was to be seen. Many depositions have been taken off
its subsequent appearance. It was represented to have been
frora 50 to 70 feet in length, as large as a barrel, moving swiftly,
soraetimes with its he-ad several feet above the tide. I have not
seen such an animal, but perhaps it exists ; and it may be one
of the mighty existing relics of a buried world. In 1638, Dn
John Josselyn tells us of " A Sea Serpent or Snake, that lay
quoiled up, like a cable, upon a Rock at Cape Ann, A boat
passing by, witb English aboard and two Indians, they would
have shot the serpent, but the Indians disswaded them, saying
that if he were not kiUed outright, they would be in danger of
their lives."
[It may be thought that so celebrated a wanderer of the sea
is deserving of a little more extended notice than Mr. Lewis has
afforded. The learned Agassiz says, in a lecture delivered at
Philadelphia, 20 March, 1849, " I have asked rayself in connec
tion with this subject, whether there is not such an animal as
the Sea-serpent. Tbere are many who will doubt the existence
of such a creature until it can be brought under the dissecting
knife ; but it has been seen by so many on whom we may rely,
that it is ^yrong to doubt any longer. The truth is, however,
tbat if a naturalist bad to sketch the outlines of an Ichthyosau
rus or Plesiosaurus from tbe remains we have of them, he would
make a drawing very -similar to the Sea-serpent as it has been
described. There is reason to think that the parts are soft and
perishable, but I still consider it probable that it will be the;
good fortune of some person on the coast of Norway or North;
America to find a living representative of this type of 'reptile,'
which is thought to have died out." )
[The late prominent Boston merchant and worthy gentleman,?
Amos Lawrence, under d-dte 26 AprU 1849, writes, "I have
never had any doubt of .the existence of the Sea-serpent since
the raorning he was seen off Nahant by old Marshal Prince,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1819, 383
through his famous mast-head spy-glass. For, within the next
two hours, I conversed with Mn Sarauel Cabot, and Mn Daniel
P, Parker, I think, and one or more pej-sons besides, who had
spent a part of that morning in witnessing its movements. In
addition. Col, Harris, the coraraander at Port Independence, told
me that the creature had been seen by a number of his soldiers
while standing sentry in the early dawn, some tirae before this
show at Nahant ; and Col, Harris believed it as firraly as though
the creature were drawn up before us in State street, where we
then were, I again say, I have never, frora that day to this,
Ihad a doubt of the Sea-serpent's existence,"
[The Mr, Cabot to wbom Mr, Lawrence refers gave a descrip
tion of the animal in a letter to Col. T. H. Perkins, dated 19
August, 1819, from which the following is extracted:
I got into my chaise [at Nahant] about seven o'clock in the morning, to
come to Boston, and on reaching the Long Beach, observed a number of
people collected there, and several boats pushing off and in the offing. I was
speculating on what should have occasioned so great an assemblage there
¦without any apparent object, and finally had concluded that they were some
54ynn people who were embarking in those boats on a parly of pleasure to
E^ Rock or some other point I had not heard of the Sea-serpent as being
in that neighborhood, and I had not lately paid much attention to the evidences
which had been given of its existence; the idea of this animal did not enter
my mind at the moment. As my curiosity was directed toward tbe boats, to
ascertain the course they were taking, my attention was suddenly arrested by
an object emerging from the water at the distance of about one hundred or one
hundred and fifty yards, which gave to my mind, at the first glance, the idea
of aborsq's head. As my eye ranged along, I perceived, at a short distance,
eight or ten regular bunches or protuberances, and, at a short interval, three
or four more. I was'now satisfied that the Sea-serpent was before me, and,
after the first moment of excitement produced* by the unexpected sight of so
strange a monster, taxed myself to investigate his appearance as accurately as
I could. My first object was the head, which I satisfied myself was serpent
shaped. It was elevated about two feet from the water, and he depressed it
.radually, to within six or eight inches as he moved along. I could always
see under his chin, which appeared to hollow undei-neath, or to cui-ve down
ward. His motion was at that time very slow along the beach, inclining
toward the shore. He at first moved his head from side to side, as if to look
about him. I did not see his eyes, though I have no doubt I could have seen
them if I had thought to attend to this. His bunches appeared to me not alto
gether uniform in size ; and as he moved along, some appeared to be depressed,
and others brought above the surface, tliough I could not perceive any motion
in them. My next object was to ascertain his length. For this purpose, I
directed my eye to several whale-boats at about the same distance, one of
which was beyond him, and, by comparing the relative length, I calculated
that the distance from the animal's head to the last protuberance I had noticed
would be equal to about five of those boats. I felt persuaded by this examina
tion that he could not be less than eighty feet long. As he approached the
shore and came between me and a point of land which projects from the end
ofthe beach, I had another means of satisfying myself on this point. After I
had viewed him thus attentively for about four or five minutes, he sank gradu
ally into the water and disappeared. He afterward again made his appear
ance for a moment at a short distance. , , , After remaining some two or
three hours on the beach, without again seeing him, I returned toward Nahant,

384 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1819,
and, in crossing the Small Beach, had another good view of bim for a longer
time, but at a greater distance. At this time he moved more- rapidly, causing
a white foam under the chin, and a long wake, and his protuberances had a
more uniform appearance. At this time hemiist have been seen by two or
three hundred persons on the beach and on heights each side, some of whom
jyvere very favorably situated to observe him.
[James Prince, Esq., Marshal of the District, tp whom Mr,
Lawrence also refers, writes as follows to Hon. Judge Davis,
under date 16 August :
Mr Dear Sir: — I presume I may have seen what is generally thought to
be the Sea-serpent. I have also seen my name inserted in the evening news
paper printed at Boston on Saturday, in a communication on this subject.
JFor your gratification, and from a desire that my name may not sanction any
thing beyond what was" actually presented and passed in review before me, I
will now state that which, in the presence of more than two hundred other
witnesses, took place near the Long Beach of Nahant, on Saturday moming
last. Intending to pass two or three days with my family at Nahant, we left Bos
ton early on Saturday morning. On passing the Half-way House on the Salem
turnpike, Mr. Smith informed us the Sea-serpent had been seen the evening
before at Nahant beach, and that a vast number of people from Lynn had gone
to the beach that morning in hopes of being gratified with a sight of him ; tbis
was confirmed at the Hotel. I was glad to find I had brought my famous
mast-head spy-glass with me, as it would enable me, from its form and size,
to view him to advantage, if I might be so fortunate as to see bim. On our
an-ival on the beach, we associated with a considerable collection of persons
on foot and in chaises ; and very soon an animal of the fish kind made his
appearance . . .
His head appeared about three feet out of water ; I counted thirteen bunches
on bis back ; my family thought there were fifteen. He passed three times at
a moderate rate across the bay, but so fleet as to occasion a foam in the water;
and my family and self, who were in a carriage, judged that he was from fifty
to not more than sixty feet in length. Whether, however, the wake might not
add to the appearance of his length, or whether the undulations of the water
or his peculiar manner of propelling himself might not cause the appearances
of protuberances, I leave for your better judgment. The first view of the
animal occasioned some agitation, and the novelty perhaps prevented that
precise discrimination which afterward took place. As he swam up the bay,
we and the other spectators moved on and kept nearly abreast of him. He
occasionally withdrew himself under water, and the idea occurred to me that
his occasionally raising his head above the level of the water was to take
breath, as the time he kept under was, on an average, about eight! minutes,
, , . Mrs. Prince and the coachman having better eyes than myself, were of
great assistance to me in marking the progress ofthe animal ; they would say,
"He is now turning," and by the aid of my glass I saw him distinctly in this
movement. He did not turn without occupying some space, and, taking into
¦view the time and the space which he found necessai-y for his ease and accom
modation, I adopted it as a criterion to form some judgment of his length. I
had seven distinct views of him from the Long, Beach, so called, and at sorae
of them the animal was not more than a hundred yards distant. After
being on the Long Beach with other spectators about an hour, the animal dis
appeared, and I proceeded on towards Nahant ; but on passing the iiecond
beach, I met Mr. James Magee, of Boston, with several ladies, in a carriage,
prompted by curiosity to endeavor to see the animal ; and we were again
gratified beyond even what we saw in the other bay, wbich I concluded he
had left in consequence ofthe number of boats in the offing in pursuit of him,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1819, 385
the noise of whose oars must have disturbed him, as he appeared to us to be a
harmless, timid animal. We had here more than a doz^n different views of
him, and each similar to the other ; one, however, so near, that the coachman
exclaimed, " O, see his glistening eye ! " , , , Certain it is, he is a very strange
animal, [Among the papers left by the late Benjamin P, Newhall, of
Saugus — than whom no man in the community stood higher
for truthfulness — I find an interesting account of what he wit
nessed of tbe seeming gambols of tbe raonster, who appeared
to hira also to be a timid animal. As he approached tbe shore,
at about nine A, M,, says Mr. N., he raised his head apparently
about six feet, and moved very rapidly ; " I could see the white
spray each side of his neck, as he ploughed through the water."
He carae so near as to startle raany of tbe spectators, and then
suddenly retreated, " As he turned short, the snake-like form
became apparent, bending like an eel. I could see plainly what
appeared to be from fifty to seventy feet in length. Behind his
head appeared a succession of bunches, or bumps, upon bis
back, which the sun caused to glisten like glass."
[And, lastly, the writer well remembers traveling down to the
Be^h, with other barefoot urchins, on the memorable day, but
arrived too late — the serpent had gone and the multitude were
dispersing. Boastful boys declared tbat they could have thrown
stones beyond him as he ranged about there in tbe morning.
[The following is copied as a fair specimen of the pictorial
representations of tbe Sea-serpent which were given at the
time, I do not find, however, in tbe written descriptions, that
he was in the habit of carrying bis tail in tbat style. And con
sidering the use that serpents in general put that appendage to,
it would seem improbable tbat if he belonged to tlje tribe he
would have displayed it in tbat manner, which is much like a
ship carrying her rudder above water.

THE SEA-SERPENT.
[A small work, soraewhat odd in style but evidently the pro
duction of a person of intelligence and ingenuity, was published
at Cambridge, in 1849, under the title. "A Romance ofthe Sea-
serpent, or the Ichthyosaurus." It contains, in the Notes and
Appendix, divers interesting raatters relating to sea^ monsters.
Two editions were readily disposed of, the author informs me.
, [For several years succeeding this alleged visit of the Sea-
G2 25

386 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1820, 1821.
serpent, accounts were spread from time to time of his appearance
at different points on the coast. And so many false reports were
made for tbe transparent! purpose of attracting visitors to the
marine resorts, that doubts increased as to the existence of this
soli'tary rover ofthe deep. Little has been heard of him of late
years. In 1849, however, John Marston, a respectable and
credible resident of Swampscot, appeared before Waldo Thomp
son, a justice of the peace, and made oath that as he was walking
over Nahant Beach, on the 3d of August, his attention was sud
denly arrested by seeing in the water, within two or three
hundred yards of the shore, a singular looking fish, in the form
of a serpent. He had a fair view of hira, and at once concluded
that he was tbe veritable Sea-serpent. His head was out of
water to the extent of about a foot, and he remained in view
from fifteen to twenty minutes, when be swam off toward King's
:^each. Mr. Marston judged that tbe animal was from eighty
to a hundred feet in length, at least, and says, "I saw the
whole body ofthe serpent; not his wake, but the fish itself. It
would rise in the water with an undulatory motion, and then all
his body would sink, except his head. Then his body would
rise again. His bead was above water all the time. This was
about eight o'clock A. M. It was quite calm. I have beeu
constantly engaged in fishing, since my youth, and I have seen
all sorts of fishes, and hundreds of horse-mackerel, but I never
before saw any tbing like this."]
1820.
On the 14th of February, two barns, belonging to Mr. Josepb
Breed, in Summer street, were burnt by the carelessness of a
boy. The people by a subscription, built him a good barn
immediately, which they stocked with hay.
[India rubber over-shoes first made their appearance about
this time. They were made much thicker and heavier 'than at
present. Pattens, clogs, and goloeshoes were in use for keep
ing the feet dry, before rubbers were known; but they all, to
sorae extent, failed of their purpose.
[There were six tanneries in Lynn, this year. But before
1833 tbey were all discontinued, as leather could.be procured
from Philadelphia and other places at such rates as rendered
them unprofitable,]
1821.
On tbe 25 th of January, the therrriometer was 17 degrees
below zero,
[Tbere was a violent northeast snow storm, on the 17th of
April. It was so severe as to prevent the assembling of a quo
rum of the house bf representatives, at Boston.]

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1822. 387
Rev, Josepli Mottey died on the 9th of July, He was born
at Salem, May 14, 1756, and graduated at Dartmouth, in 1778.
He was ordained over' the Lynnfield parish, September* 24,
1780, He was characterized by extreme sensibility, and fond
ness for retirement. His manners were affable, and his mode
of preaching mild and persuasive. He married Elizabeth Moody
and had four children ; Charles, EUas, Charles Edward, and Eliza,
1822,
A considerable disturbance was this year occasioned in the
meetings of Friends, in consequence of a portion of that society
having embraced different views. On Sunday, the 17th of Feb
ruary, one of these essayed to go into the ministers' gallery,
with a sword by his side, Avhich be said was an erablera of the
warlike disposition of tbose against whora he wished to bear
testiraony ; but before he had reached the seat, be was stopped,
and the sword taken away, 'In the aftetnoon the disturbance
was renewed, by several persons attempting to enter the high
Beats ; and many people having assembled about tbe bouse, tbe
"deputy sheriff was called from the First Parish meeting-bouse,
who read the riot act in the street. Pour persons were appre
hended, and after an examination, the next day, before a justice,
were committed to prison, at Salem, wbere tbey remained until
the time of their trial, at Ipswich, on the 16th of March. Two
of them were then discharged, and the others were fined. A
report of this trial was published, witb a review in a separate
pamphlet. The first Circulating Library at Lynn was opened tbis year,
by tbe author of tbis sketch. [This was a very limited coUection,
and may have formed the basis of a small circulating library
kept by Charies F. Luramus from 1827 to 1832.
[A singular phenomenon was witnessed at Saugus river, in
March, and is thus described by the late Benjamin P. Newhall,
of Saugus, who was careful in noting unusual occurrences:
" The ice in the river had just broken up, and the dam at the
•bridge was overflowed with a large volume of fresh water. It
was in the evening succeeding a very foggy day, and as dark
as a foggy night with no raoon could possibly be. In looking
under the great bridge, where the waters swiftly poured over
the dara, ray eyes were greeted with the appearance of balls of
fire, about the size of a large cannon baU. They made their
appearance as soon as the water broke over the dam, and
seemed to dance and vvhirl about upon the swiftly rushing tor
rent for a raoment or two, and then disappear, to be succeeded
by others. The Ught of these apparent baUs of fire was so
•great that the whole space under tbe bridge was iUuminated to
that extent that aU objects were cleariy visible. So striking

388 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1823, 1824.
and beautiful was the phenomenon, that J summoned^ several
persons from the neighborhood to come and witness it. Tbe
balls of fire were continuous that night as long as we had pa
tience to look at them. There was no appearance of that pihos-
phorescent sparkling that is often seen about tbe bows of a
vessel. There was no light but what seemed to be baUs of fire.
They were not seen at aU on the succeeding evening, and have
never been seen since."
The Second Congregational Society [Unitarian] was incorpo
rated on the 15th of June ; and on the 25th of Noveraber, the
corner stone ofthe first Unitarian meeting-boutfee was laid with
an address by Rev, Josepb Tuckerraan, of Chelsea,
As sorae workraen were this year digging a ceUar, in Liberty,
street, tbey found the skeleton of an Indian, It was raore than
six feet in length, and the skull was of an uncommon thickness.
Two large clam shells were found buried with it,
1823,
The coldest day this year, was the 1st of March. The ther
mometer was seven degrees below zero,
Tbe Unitarian Meeting-bouse was dedicated on the 30th of
April. Sermon by Rev. Henry Colman.
On the 5th of May, snow fell, and the ice was a quarter of an
inch thick. Thermometer twenty-nine at sunrise,
A young woman named Sarah Soames, aged 19 years, living at
Thomas Raddin's went in to bathe in Saugus river, on the even
ing of June 15, and was drowned,
[The first Methodist meeting-house in Lynnfield, was dedi
cated on the 14th of October.] 1824,
The tide, during great storms, bad for many years been
making its encroachments upon Lynn Beach, washing its sands
over into tbe harbor, and sometimes making deep channels, as
it ran across in rivulets. In compliance with a petition of the
town, the General Court, on the 18th of February, made a grant"
of f 1.500, to which the town added $1,500 more ; and by aid
of this fund, a fence was constructed, about half the length of
the beach, to prevent the encroachments of the tide.
On tbe Oth of May, the ice was a quarter of an inch thick.
Thermometer twenty-seven at sunrise.
On tbe 21st of June, Rev, Joseph Searl was ordained pastor
of the Congregational society in Lynnfield. He continued his
connection with that parish, tUl the 17th of September, 1827,
when he removed to Stoneham.
The French General Lafayette, who served in the War of
Independence, this year came to ' America, and was received

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1825. 389
with general gratulation and v^elcome. He passed through
Lynn on the 31st oT August. He was received at Saugus
bridge, on the Turnpike, by an escort, consisting of a battalion
of cavalry, the Lynn Rifle Company, Lynn Light Infantry, the
Salem Cadets, and a large number of oflScers and citizens, by
whom he* was conducted to the Lynn Hotel, where an address
was delivered to hira by Capt. John White, to which be raade
an affectionate reply. After being introduced to many gentle
men and ladies, with several revolutionary soldiers, be entered
an open barouche, and passed through two lines of the children
of the town, who threw flowers into his carriage as he pro
ceeded, A salute of thirteen guns was fired, on his entrance
into the town ; and another of twenty-four, when he departed.
On his way he passed through seven beautiful arches, decorated
with evergreens, flags, and festoons of flowers, and bearing
inscriptions in honor of Lafayette and Freedom, Proceeding
through the principal streets', he was received, at the eastern
boundary of the town, by anotber escort, and conducted to
Marblehead. Rev. Jaraes Diman Greene was ordained pastor of the Unita
rian Society, on the 3d of November.
[That very ingenious mechanic, Joseph Dixon, lived in Lynn
at this time. And here he labored on some of those useful
inventions by which he became so widely known. Amopg
other things he directed his attention to tbe application of
steam, and was the originator of combinations that proved the
germs of some of the most gigantic and useful contrivances
through which that raighty agent works at the present day.
The New England Farraer, of 21 February, 1824, thus speaks
of one of his inventions : " We have seen some ingenious ma
chinery for beating steam to a high temperature, invented by
Mr. Joseph Dixon, of Lynn, Mass., which promises to prove of
much utility." And a particular description is added.]
1825.
[The Probate Court was first held at Lynn, on the 4th of Jan
uary. And sessions were continued here for about thirty years.]
For several days, in April, the moon and stars, with the planet
Venus, were visible for some hours, in the middle of the day'.
There were no clouds, and the sun shone with a dim light.
j On the 20th of April, a piece of land adjoining the Quaker
burial ground, in Lynn, was purchased by several individuals
and opened as a free burial ground. This was done because
that society bad refnsed to permit a chUd to be_ buried in their
ground, without a compliance with their regulations.
This year Frederic Tudor, Esq., of Boston, buUt his beautiful
rustic cottage at Nahant.
G2*

390 ANNALS OP LtNN — 1826, 1827.
On Thursday, the 23d of June, at the commencement of twi-
Ijght, a remarkable sungush appeared. If proceeded from tbe
place of sunsetting, and rose perfectly straight and well-defined,
to the height of twenty degrees. Its color was a beautiful
bright red, and its width equal to that of a broad rainbow ; the
olouds around Were variegated with the finest colors, and the
pageant continued about fifteen minutes.
[The therraoraeter rose, 21 July, to 101 degrees in the shade.]
On Saturday, Septeraber 3d,' the first newspaper printed in
Lynn was published by Charles Frederic Luramus, with the
title of Lynn Weekly Mirror.
A comet was visible in October, on the right of tne Pleiades,
with a train about six degrees in length.
1826.
The coldest day this winter, was February 1, when the ther
mometer was sixteen degrees below zero.
A schooner, loaded with six hundred bushels of corn, struck
on a rock off the mouth of Saugus river, on the 12th of April,
and sunk.
The festival of St, John, June 24, was celebrated at Lynn, by
Mount Carmel Lodge, and five other lodges of free masons. The
address was delivered by Hon, Caleb Cushing, of Newburyport,
The Lynn Institution for Savings was incorporated on the
20th of June.
[A temperance meeting was held at the First Methodist meet
ing-house, on the evening of August 12. A hundred and thirty
members were added to the society, which before numbered
seventy-one.. Tbe object of the society was " the suppression
of intemperance and its kindred vices,"]
The Quaker meeting-house, in Boston, with the burial ground
adjoining, having been long disused, and few or none of the
society remaining in the city, it was thought best to remove
the bones. The reraains of one hundred and nine persons were
taken up and removed to the Quaker burial ground at Lynn,
Mr,' Joseph Hussey, who had two sisters buried at Boston, was
nnwilling that they should be removed with the rest, and caused
their remains, so dear to his meraory, to be deposited in the
cemetery of King's Chapel,
1827,
On the llth of AprU, the First Congregational meeting-house
[the Old Tunnel] was removed from the centre of the Common
to the corner of Comraercial street. Its form was changed, a
new steeple added, and it was dedicated on the 17th of October,
[It would perhaps be more correct to say tbat the old house
was demolished and a new one built, in wbich a portion of the

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1828. 391
old materials were used ; the new erection bearing no resem
blance to the old, eitlier inside or out. The Second Universalist
Society now occupy the house.]
On the 30th of April, Mn Paul Newhall was drowned from a
fishing boat, at Swampscot, in attempting to pass within Dread
Ledge, His body was found, uninjured, thirty-nine days after ;
having, it was said, been caused to rise by heavy thunder, which
agitated the water.
On the night of Thursday, May 10th, a schooner from Kenne-
beck, loaded with hay and wood, was driven by a storra upon
Lynn Beach, and disraasted.
The anniversary of Independence was this year celebrated at
Woodend. In the procession were thirteen raisses, dressed in
white, wearing chaplets of roses, representing the thirteen
original states, and eleven younger raisses, representing the
new states. They recited a responsive chorus, written for the
occasion, and an oration was . delivered by the author of this
history. On Tuesday evening, August 28th, a most beautiful pageant
was displayed ih the heavens. During the first part of the
evening, the northern lights were uncommonly luminous ; and
at half past nine, a broad and brUliant arch was formed, which
spanned the entire heavens, from east to west. No one wbo
did not behold it, can easily imagine its splendor and sublimity,
[It was like a splendid rainbow, with the exception of the pris
matic colors ; and was so transparent that stars were . clearly
discernible through it. It shot up in a stream of white light
from the western horizon and extended to the eastern.]
On several evenings in September, the northern lights were
exceedingly luminous, sometimes so bright as to cast shadows.
In the month of Noveraber were several great and drifting
snow storms, and the weather was colder than had beeu kuown
at that season for many years. It was so cold that it froze a
large wat^r cistern solid, and burst it.
1828.
On the 2d of May, a whale was cast ashore at Whale Beach,
Swampscot, measuring sixty feet in length, and twenty-five
barrels of oil were ex;tracted from it.
lit An oration was delivered, on the 4th of July, by Rev, James
Diman Green, His connection with the Unitarian Society, was
dissolved, at his request, on the 4th of August,
[The Lynn Mutual Fire Insurance Company was organized
this year-- Dn James Gardner, president, and Benjamin Massay,
secretary.] Flora, a black woman, died on the 1st of October, aged one
hundred and thirteen years. She was born in Africa, and re-

392 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1829.
lated many interesting anecdotes of her country. Her father
was one of the chiefs, and when he died they buUt a bouse over
him, as they considered it an indignity to suffer the rain to faU
on his grave. One day a party of slave dealers came and set
fire to their happy and peaceful vUlage. Her mother was unable
to run so fast as the rest, and as Flora was unwiUing to escape
without her, she reraained and was taken. She had two hus
bands and five children in Africa, and three husbands and five
chUdren in America. She was a sensible and purely pious
woman, and was greatly respected.
In a storm, on the 22d of November, a schooner, belonging
to Freeport, was cast upon the Lobster Rocks, 'The crew, witfr
a lady passenger, iramediately left the vessel, which was found
in the morning, drifted upon Cbelsea Beach,
The Lynn Lyceum was established, 23 December,
1829,
One of the most beautiful appearances of nature was presented
on the morning of Saturday, the 10 th of January, A heavy
mist had faUen on tbe preceding evening, and when the sun
rose, the whole expanse of hill and plain displayed the most
enchanting and dazzling prospect of glittering frost. The tall
and branching trees were bent, by the weight of ice, into grace
ful arches, and resembled magnificent chandeliers, glittering
with burnished silver. As far as the eye could reach, all was
one resplendent surface of polished ice ; and in sorae places,
the trees which stood in colonnades, were bent till tbeir tops
touched together, and formed long arcades of crystal, decorated
with briUiant pearls, and sparkling with diamonds. But the
scene in the open village, although so highly beautiful was far
exceeded by the magnificent lustre of tbe woods. The majes
tic hemlocks bent their heavy branches to the ground, loaded as
with a weight of gold, and forraed delightful bowers, sparkUng
with getns, and illuminated witb colored light. The evergreen
cedars were covered with crystal gold, and glowed witb eraeralds
of the deepest green. The silver tops ofthe graceful birches
crossed each other, like the gothic arches of sorae splendid
teraple; whUe the slender shafts, .and tbe glittering rocks, re
sembled columns, and altars, and thrones ; and tbe precipitous
cliffs looked down, like towers and battlements of silver ; and
far above all, the taU pines glittered in tbe frosty air, like the
spires of a thousand cathedrals, overlaid with transparent gold,
and burnished by tbe cloudless sun. This beautiful and -sur-
prising exhibition continued undisturbed for two whole days.
On the third raorning, the warra fingers of Aurora found the
frozen chords which upheld the ghttering show. They severed
at the touch — and from lofty spire and stately elm, came show-

' ANNALS OP LTNN — 1829. 393
ering gems and pearls, that tinkled as they bounded on tbe
crystal plain. The ice, which had confined the mighty arms of
aged forest trees, came crashing down, breaking the frosted
shrubs beneath, and sending through the woods a mingled
sound, like faUing towers, and the far dash of waters. The
admirer of the works of nature, who, during the continuance of
tbis beautiful scene, was in the majestic woods, will never forget
their indescribable splendor, or doubt tbe power and skill of
Him, who, with such slight means as the twilight vapor and the
midnight mist, can forra an arch of fire in heaven, or create an
exhibition of glory and grandeur on earth, so far surpassing the
utraost beauty of tbe works of raan,
[On tbis inspiring occasion Mr. Lewis produced the poem
which has generally been considered the most beautiful of his
productions. It first appeared, I think, in the Token, one of
those elegant gift volumes so fashionable at this period. And
surely if he had never written any thing else, tbis would have
been suflBcient to seal hira as a poet. Its insertion here seems
appropriate :]
THE FROSTED TREES.
JANUARY 10, 1829,
What strange enchantment meets my view,
So wondrous bright and fair?
Has heaven poured out its silver dew
On the rejoicing air?
Or am I boi-ne to regions new,
To see the glories there ?
Last eve, when sunset filled the sky
With wreaths of golden light,
The trees sent up their arms on high,
All leafless to the sight.
And sleepy mists came down to lie
On the dark breast of night.
But now the scene is changed, and all
Is fancifully new ;
The trees, last eve so sti-aight and tall,
Are bending on the view,
And streams of living daylight fall
The silvery arches through.
The boughs are strung -with ghttering pearls,
As dew-drops bright and bland;
And there they gleam in silvery curk,
Like gems of Samarcand ;
Seeming in bright and dazzling whirls,
The work of seraph's hand.
Each branch is benduig with the weight,
Which makes it nod and swerve,
As if some viewless angel sate
Upon its graceful curve,
¦ Causing its heart to glow elate,
And strain each secret nerve.

394 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1829.
It seems as if some robe of God
Had been spread out below ;
As if His hand had stretched abroad,
Where midnight breezes go :
To make the mind of nature awed /
With His most glorious show.
In the snow storm on tbe 6th of February, a woman perished
on Farrington's HiU, on the Turnpike, one mile eastward of the
Lynn Hotel. Another great storm coraraenced on the 20th,
when several vessels belonging to Swampscot, were driven out
to sea. One of them remained five days, and went on shore at
Chatham, where the crew were much frozen.
On p)ie night of the 5th of March, a schooner, loaded with
coffee, struck on Shag Rocks, on tbe south side of Nahant, and
was dashed entirely to pieces. No traces of the crew were
found, and it is probable that they all perished.
Great excitement was occasioned this year in Lynn, as it had
been in many other towns and cities for some years previous,
on the subject of Freemasonry. On the 1st of April, Mr. Jacob
AUen, of Braintree, gave an exhibition of some of the alleged
mysteries of that institution, at Liberty Hall, corner of Essex
and Market streets ; and on the Oth, the inhabitants, in town
meeting, voted, that they regarded Freemasonry " as a great
moral evU," arid its existence " as being dangerous to all free
governments," and gave Mn Alien the use of the Town Hall to
continue his exhibitions, [The nature and tendency of the
oaths taken on admission to the different masonic degrees were
soon vehemently discussed in the community at large, and the
principles of the institution and its value freely canvassed,^ it
being generally conceded that the veil bad been rent from its
privacy. Anti-masonry presently formed an active element in
politics, and its influence began seriously to be felt. We had
here an\ anti-masonic newspaper — the Lynn Record — and in
other places sirailar journals, conducted -nnth zeal and ability,
sprang up. In Lynn, for several years, tbe anti-masonic party
were in complete ascendancy, and managed things as they
thought best, Tbe battle against the institution continued to
rage tiU in sorae states extra-judicial oaths were prohibited
under severe penalties. Many lodges surrendered their charters,
and then the excitement began to decline. Soon after, bow-
ever, other secret societies — the Odd Fellows' for instance —
claiming to be free from the objectionable features of Free
masonry, were established. And, finally, after a disturbed sleep
of about twenty years, the ancient institution began to arouse'
and assert itself with renewed vigor.]
Rev, David Hatch Barlow was ordained minister of the Uni
tarian Society, on the 9th of December.
The canker worms, for seven years, have been making great

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1830. 395
ravages araong the fruit trees. Many orchards have borne but
little fruit during that time, and tbe leaves and blossoms have
been so thoroughly devoured, that the trees have appeared as
if scorched by fire;
In a very great thunder shower, on the 30th of July, a barn
on Nahant, belonging to Stephen Codman,, Esq., was struck by
lightning, and Mr, William Hogan, a carpenter, was killed.
In Septeraber, a stone beacon, twenty feet in height, was
erected on the outer cliff of Dread Ledge, by order of tbe United
States governraent, at an expense of one thousand dollars. It
was thrown down by a storm, on the 31st of October,
The first complete Map of Lynn was made this year, from a
particular survey, by Alonzo Lewis, [And tbe first numbers
of the first edition of Mr, Lewis's history were published.
[The manufacture of flannel was coraraenced at Saugus, this
year, by Brierly and Whitehead. In a few years it grew to be a
large and profitable business.] 1830.
The publication of the second newspaper, entitled the Lynn
Record, was begun, January 23, by Alonzo Lewis. [Mr. Lewis's
connection witb this paper ceased with the sixth number. Ifc
then became the organ of tbe anti-ma|onic party, which soon
attained supreraacy in municipal affairs, and held it for several
years. The Record was discontinued in 1841.
[During January, not a single death occurred in the whnle
population of 8.000 in Lynn, Lynnfield, and Saugus.]
One of the highest tides ever known happened on the 26th
of March. It rose about five feet higher than common high
tides, passing entirely over tbe Long, Beach, and making Na
hant an island. It also flowed over the southern part of Market
street, and passing up the mill brook, swept off a quantity of
wood from a house in Bridge street.
On the 12th of July, Mn Joseph Blaney, aged 52, went out in
a fishing boat at Swampscot, when a shark overset his boat and
kiUed hira, [Tbis shark must. have been extremely ferocious,
Mn Blaney went out into the bay in one of the large Swamps
cot boats, which be left, and in a small boat rowed away, alone,
to fish. After some hours he was seen to wave his hat for
assistance, Anotber boat imraediately started toward him, and
presently the fish was seen to slide off, Mr, Blaney still remain
ing in his boat. But the shark renewed the attack, carrying
down the boat, before the other could arrive. It carae to the
surface bottom up, and the unfortunate man was no more seen,]
The meeting-house of the Tbird Methodist Society, buUt this
year, in South street, was dedicated on the 3d of August, The
first minister was Rev, Rufus Spaulding,

396 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1831.
A great tempest of rain and wind, on the 26th of August,
occasioned very great daraage to the corn and fruit trees,
Donald MacDonald, a native of Inverness, in Scotland, died
in the Lynn alrashouse, on the 4th of October, aged 108 years.
He was in the battle of Quebec, when Wolfe fell, and was one
of the few whom Washington conducted frora the forest of
blood when Braddock was kiUed by the Indians.
Vegetation this year was abundant ; English hay was eight
doUars a ton ; and more apples were .gathered than in all the
seven previous years.
Another great storra tide, on the 29th of Noveraber, came in
high and furious, doing great damage to the Long Beach, by
sweeping down the ridge and throwing it into the harbor.
On Wednesday, December 1st, tbere were two shocks of an
earthquake, about eight o'clock in the evening.
On the morning of the 4th, half an hour after midnight, a
meteor, exceedingly brilliant, passed south of the moon, which
was then shining near the meridian.
The northern lights made an uncomraonly rich display on the
evening ofthe lltb, assuming the raost fanciful forras, changing
into the appearance of taU spires, towers, arches, and warriors
armed witii long spears. 1831,
Dn Aaron Lummns died on the 5th of January, aged 74. He
resided in Lynn nearly fifty years, and was one of the mosfc
popular physicians' in the town. He married Eunice CoflSn, in
1786. In 1823 and 1824, he was a senator of Essex county.
[Dn Lummus had seven sons and three daughters, viz : Clarissa,
Hannah, John, Aaron, Edward A,, George, Elizabeth C, Samuel,
Charles P., and Thomas J,
[The Essex Democrat, the third Ljmn newspaper, was com
menced this year, by Benjarain Mudge, It was published a
year or two, and then the materials were moved to Salem and
used on the Coraraercial Advertiser,]
A great storm commenced on the 15th of January, in which
a schooner, belonging to Stephen Smith, was torn from her
fastenings at his wharf, and dashed to pieces against the em
bankment on Deer Island, throwing down about sixty feet of
the new granite waU, recently buUt by the United States gov
ernment. In August, tho sun and the atmosphere, for many days, pre
sented a smoky appearance, of a greenish blue color. The same
phenomenon was noticed by M. Arago, the French astronomer,
at Paris. [It was also observed in other parts of Europe. It
was not damp, like fog, and was entirely wanting in some of the
properties of smoke. In some places it was at times so lumin-

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1832. 397
OUS that people were able to read by it, at midnight, I remem
ber it very well, and how much it was remarked and speculated
upon here at Lynn, Some time after it bad disappeared, an em-,
inept astronomer of Europe thought he had discovered suflBcient
evidence to determine that tbe earth was then enveloped, in the
tail of a comet. And such an occurrence has now ceased to be
alarming, as it is well ascertained to have taken place at other
times. The tail of the great comet whicb appeared in our
heavens with such startling suddenness, in 1861, is known to
have been in actual contact with the earth, three days before
it became visible. See under date 1861.]
On the evening of the 26th of August, tbe moon rose about
fifteen minutes before nine ; and half an hour after, there was a
shower in tbe northwest, and on the cloud a perfect and beau
tiful lunar rainbow was depicted, of a yellowish color.
Tbis year tbe small-pox made its appearance in Chesnut
street, Woodend, The infected were .promptly removed, and
the disease soon disappeared. One death occurred.
Another beacon was erected on Dread Ledge, at Swampscot —
an obelisk of granite, twenty-five feet in heigbt, and three feet
'Bquare at tbe base.
On the 22d of November tbere was a singularly mingled
tempest, very violent, for an hour in the morning, with rain,
haU, snow, thunder and lightning, a strong east wind, and a
high tide. The lightning struck at Breed's End, and a vessel
went ashore on PhiUips's Beach, and another on Nahant Beach,
Dr. James Gardner died 26 December, aged 69 years. He
was born at Woburn, in 1762, entered the array of the Revolu
tion at an early age, and on the retum of peace devoted himself
to study, and graduated at Harvard, in 1788, He came to Lynn
in 1792, and commenced tbe practice of medicine. The next
year he married Susanna, daughter of Dn John Flagg, He
was a skiUful and popular physician, and possessed the manners
of a gentleman. [His residence was on the south side of Bos
ton street, near Bridge ; and be was the father of a very respect
able family.]
This year Mn John AUey enclosed about twenty acres of
water, by a dam from bis wharf to tbe marsh, [near the foot pf
Pleasant street,] thus making a pond, on which he buUt a grist
mill, and afterward a fuUing mUl,
On the last of Deceraber, the thermometer was eleven degrees
below zero, 1832. ,
[Col, James Robinson died on Saturday, 21 January, aged
75, He was the ^rst postmaster of Lynn — appointed in 1 '95—
and for many years a most useful citizen. For a long time he
H2

398 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1832.
resided in the ancient mansion, still standing on the northeast
corner of Boston and Federal streets. And in a little shop near
by, the post-oflSce was kept. He was father of a large and
res-pectable family. After marrying his second wife, he removed
to Boston and there lived for a number of years. The latter
part of his life was passed in reduced circumstances, and mental
obscurity. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and in his last
;years received comforts from a small pension. His first wife
was a daughter of James NewhaU, known as 'Squire Jim, and
bis children, by her -were, Jaraes, Lydia, Abigail, John, Harriet,
Lois, Janet, George, Charles, Horatio.
\ [The Weekly Messenger, tbe fourth newspaper established
in Lynn, was commenced April 14, by James R.^ NewhaU. It
was published on Saturdays, and was as large and well printed
as any newspaper ever printed in Lynn, up to that period. The
publishing business was not then profitable here ; nor was it
for many years after, if, indeed, it bas ever been. It is a kind
of business that naturally concentrates in the larger cities ; and
Lynn is too near Boston to afford any great encouragement to
printers.] The Lynn Anti-Slavery society was forraed on the 25th of
April. Rev. Otis Rockwood was dismissed from the 'pastoral charge
ofthe First Congregational Church, on the 12th of May. Rev.
David Peabody was ordained pastor of the same church on the
15th of November.
[The Lynn Mechanics Fire and Marine Insurance Company
was incorporated this year. Also Nahant Bank, which faUed in
1836. [Eight and a half inclies of rain fell in May, and the summer
was cold.]
The Tuscan Chapel at Nahant was erected by subscriptions
made by gentlemen of Boston. Religious services are held in
it during tbe warm and visiting season.
[The first meeting for the preaching of Mormonism, in Lynn,
was held in tbe summer o,f tbis year. And for the space of ten
years afterward, elders of tbe faith continued to visit here and
bold meetings at intervals. About a dozen converts were made.
Several emigrated to Nauvoo, and thence, when tbe Latter Day
Saints, as tbey styled themselves, were driven from lUinois,
journeyed to tbe Salt Lake. Two or three finally returned,
having renounced the faith ; and one of them, a female, put
forth a book exposing tbe errors and evil practices ofthe Saints,
Baptism by immersion was administered to a small body of con
verts, by an elder named Freeman Nickerson, near tbe foot of
Market street, in 1841.]
'' A Whaling Company was formed, and five ships employed.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1832, 399
three of which were buUt afc Lynn, They harbored in Saugus
river, but on the crossing of tbe rail-road, in 1838, they were
removed to Boston. [None of the whale ships were buUt at
Lynn. A ship yard was estabUshed in the western part of the
town, about this time, but no vessel larger than a schooner was
built there,
[This year the great Nullification ferment in South Carolina
occurred. Many entertained serious apprehension that it would
result in a dissolution of the Union, Indeed the fiery southern
sentiment seeraed rapidly ripening into a gigantic rebellion.
; But the energy and unswerving patriotisra of General Jackson,
j who was happily then in the presidential chair, in all human
probability saved the country frora great disasters. The stern
and uncompromising proclamation wbich he issued on what
appeared to be the eve of a terrific political storm, created a
profound sensation, and was enthusiastically applauded in every
loyal quarter of the Union. The excited southerners at once
saw the danger of precipitancy, and discreetly abstained frora
overt acts. And the danger passed away in harmless dischages
of oratory. On the evening of the 25tb of December, soon
after the reception of the proclamation at Lynn, a meeting of
the citizens was held in the Town HaU, composed of the adhe
rents of all parties — of Anti-masons, Deraocrats, and National
Republicans — at which th'e following preamble and resolutions
passed unanimously :
At a time of unprecedented prosperity in agriculture,'commerce and manu-/
fectures, in our happy Union, and this Union purchased with a gredt treasure!,
and cemented with the blood and tears of our progenitors, and hallowed by
our own devout prayers, aspirations, and laborss, we, the citizens of Lynn,
leam with son-ow that our sister State, South Carolina, once so patriotic, has
lassumed false principles, and, pretending peace, made WEu-like preparations
to dissolve the Union so dear to the people in most portions of the nation.
We cannot consent to tbe proposition, in fact we do not believe, that any State
of the twenty-four States now solemnly united, can withdraw her allegiance
to the United States, whenever she may please, or dictate to_ the Congress of
the United States the laws which should be enacted or repealed, any ifiirther
thaii the weight of the representatives of such State may prevail in the acts
and dehberations of that body.
But since the acts ofthe State of South Carolina have undertaken to decide
the constitutionality ofthe laws of Congress, and upon the same principle. all
other laws ofthe United States, when such decision is wholly confided to, and
intrusted in, the Supreme Judicial Court of the Union, by the United States
constimtion, to which evei-y citizen of the twenty-four United States owes
absolute and unqualified allegiance, and since such principles of Nullification
and misrule prevail by a majority of the citizens of one State, and are openly
approbated, and not reprobated, by some other States, we are alarmed for the
safety of the Union, and our own, and in common, for the liberties of the
people. It is with satisfaction that we have read the Proclamation of the President
of the United States denouncing the treasonable designs and acts of the Con
vention and Legislature ofthe State of South Carohna. This Proclamation is

400 ANNALSOPLTNN — 1833.
replete with ti-ue sentiments upon the consti-uction ofthe Federal Constitution,
of the power and duty of the President, and of the Supreme Judicial Court
ofthe Union ; which sentiments we, in common with our brethren of this State,
have been educated, from the cradle to the present time, to cherish and love ;
and we will never abandon them. ThereforCj
Resolveu, That we abhor and denounce tbe doctrine of South Carolina
Nullification, and the awkward and unnatm-al attitude in which she has placed
herself before the Union and the world.
Resolved, That we approve ofthe sentiments and principles spread before
the public by the President in his late able Proclamation, and believe it to be
the duty of all good citizens to support such sentiments and principles to the
hazard of life apd property.
Resolved, That in all cases in which the construction of the Federal Con
stitution is di-awn in question, the Supreme Judicial Court ofthe United States
is the sole interpreter. '
Resolved, Tbat no individual State or any individual of any State has a
right to declare void or nullify a single act of the Congi-ess of the United
' States ; and that the several States, ahd each and every citizen in them, owe
allegiance to the United States, which cannot be dissolved excepting by a
majority of the voices of the people of the whole United States, constitution^
ally and legally expressed. And, further.
Resolved, That a copy ofthe foregoing preamble and resolutions be signed
by the chairman and secrefai-y, and transmitted to the President of the United
States,] 18.3 3. '
On the 16th of January, Mr, David Taylor's shoe manufactory,
corner of Ash and Elm streets was burnt, with a large amount
of stock.
On the 2d of February, Rev, David H. Barlow relinquished
the care ofthe Unitarian Society; and Rev. Samuel D, Robbins
was ordained pastor of the same church on the 13th of No
veraber. On tbe 14th of February, the new Baptist meeting-house on
the north side ofthe Common was dedicated.
[The First Universalist Society was organized, 25 March, in
the Town Hall.
[President Jackson visited Lynn, 26 June, The old hero
was warmly greeted ; but the day was stormy, and his stay was
short,] One of tbe most remarkable phenomena ever witnessed in
New England, was a shower of meteors. It commenced soon
after three o'clock, on the morning of Wednesday, the 13th of
November, and continued untU day. There were many thou
sands, which feU in aU directions, like flakes of snow. Most of
thera -were small, but some appeared as large as seven stars com
bined in one. The meteors seemed to proceed chiefly from a
point about fifteen degrees southeast of the zenith, and the
display was noticed in Philadelphia and Baltimore,
[Friction matches came into use about this time. And they
soon supplanted the old tinder-box, with its flint and steel,
[Anthracite coal, also began to be used here, in small quan-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1834, 1835, 401
titles. But it grew in favor slowly, and sorely tried tbe pa
tience of Its friends, . It required such different treatment, in
burning, frora any kind of fuel before used, tbat it seeraed as if
some people never could become habituated to it,
[Metal pens, likewise, came into use at this time ; but tbe old
goose quUl long continued in favor witb many. The writing
paper of that time was not weU adapted to the new pen, a hard
er and smoother surface being required ; tbe want, however,
was soon supplied, and then tbe metal pen becarae raore gen
erally popular,] 1834.
On the 28th of May, several persons destroyed the curious
cave in the Dungeon Rock, under tiie imagination that they ,
might obtain a treasure. They placed a keg of powder in the
cave, which, on its explosion, blew out the lower portion of tbe
rock, causing the great raass above to faU, and thus destroy'ng
the cavern. This is the third time that curious and wonderful
caves in Lynn have been destroyed by wantonness.. It is rauch
to be regretted that this rage for destructiveness cannot cease.
Such persons ought to be confined as destroyers of God's beau
tiful works.
On the 31st of July, Mr, Durant, aeronaut, ascended in a bal
loon, from Boston, passed over Nahant, and descended into the
water, from which, in about fifteen minutes, he was taken up by
a schooner. On tbe 12th of August, Mr, John Mudge's barn, in Shepard
street, was burnt by lightning,
[The anti-masonic sentiment, growing out of tbe aUeged rev
elations regarding the evil tendency of freemasonry prevailed
so extensively that in December the raeetings of Mount Carmel
Lodge were discontinued. But they were resumed in 1845,]
1835.
On the 22d of April, Rev, David Peabody resigned the pas
toral charge of the First Congregational Church.
[In the early part of the summer of this year, George Thomp
son, a prominent English abolitionist, visited Lj'nn jand lectured
in several of tbe meeting-bouses, to large audiences, on the
subject of slavery. In the latter part of the summer he again
came to Lynn, to attend a meeting of the- Essex County Anti-
Slavery Society, held in the First l^ethodist raeeting-house.
Some opposition was now raanifested by the opponents of the
anti-slavery movement. In the evening, while Mr. Thompson
was lecturing, a great crowd coUected about the meeting-house,
and a stone was burjed through one of the windows, causing
great disturbance within. A large nuraber pressed into the
H2* 26

402 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1836, r
entry and attempted to burst in the inner doors, which had
been closed. During the tumult Mr, Thompson ended bis dis
course, and passed out, unobserved by the crowd. He was
presently surrounded by a guard of ladies, and conducted to a
neighboring house, whence he departed, privately, to his tempo
rary residence, at Swampscot.]
A comet appeared, in tbe constellation of Ursa Major, on the
9th of October, and continued in view about two weeks.
On the 4th of November, Hezekiah Chase's mill, at the mouth
of Strawberry brook, was burnt.
Tbe Christian Church, in Silsbe street, was organized on the
5tb of November, The first minister was Rev, Philemon R,
RusseU, who preached there about five years.
On Tuesday evening, November 17, tbe northern lights were
very lustrous, and presented the singular appearance of a splen
did illurainated crown in tbe zenith.
On the 10th of Deceraber, tbe First Universalist Meeting
house, in Union street, was dedicated.
The 16th of December was the coldest day of the season, the
thermometer being fourteen degrees below zero.
On the evening ofthe 17th of December, Mr. Rufus Newhall's
barn, in Essex street, was burnt.
On the 28th of December, Lieutenant Robert R. Mudge, of
Lynn, aged 26 years, was kUled by the Seminole Indians, near
Withlacoocbie, in Florida, three persons only escaping in a com
pany of a hundred and eight. ,
[There were one hundred faraUies reckoned as belonging to ,
the Society of Friends, in Lynn, this yean]
1836,
This year a second attempt was made to form an Episcopal
Cburch in Lynn. It was^ commenced on the 7th of January, by
three persons, under tbe name of Christ Church. On thfe 5th
of November, a handsome rustic edifice, with diamond windows,
and four Tuscan columns, was erected on tbe north side of the
Common. [And this was the first Episcopal Cburch buUt in
Lynn.] Rev, Milton Ward was the first minister.
The Second Universalist Society was organized on the Oth
of March, Their first minister was Rev, Dunbar B. Harris.
[The act establishing the fire departraent of Lynn was passed
March 23, and accepted by the town AprU 18.]
Tho winter was very long and cold ; snow began on tbe 23d
of November, and sleighing continued until tbe 15tb of March —
sixteen weeks. [There was a frost in every month, and remark
able spots appeared on tbe sun.]
Rev._ Parsons Cooke was instaUed pastor of the Pirst Con
gregational Church on the 4th of May,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1837. 403
[The first post-oflSce in Lynnfield was established 25 May,
in the south village,]
This year Henry A, Breed, Esq., built a large brick factory on
Water HUl, for calico printing and dyeing. He dug a new pond,
comprising about an acre, for a reservoir. He also laid out sev
eral new streets, and buUt nearly four hundred convenient cot
tages, and other buildings, and a wharf,
[The Trinitarian Congregational Society, at Saugus centre,
buUt their stone meeting-house, at a cost of $2,800.]
Dr, Richard Hazeltine died on the 10th of Julj', He was
born at Concord, N, H., Noveraber 28tb 1773, raarried Phebe
Carter in 1799, and carae to Lynn in 1817. [He owned the
beautiful estate on the south side of Essex street, between High
and Pearl streets, and there resided. He was a man of sterling
integrity, dignified manners, and commanding person. He act
ed to some extent as a civil magistrate, and took much interest
in the common schools.]
On the 23d of September, a young raan jumped off tbe preci-
.pice of High Rock, a descent of sixty feet, and, strange to tellj
walked away uninjured.
A fire in Broad street, near Exchange, on tbe evening of the
18tb of October, burnt tbe stable of Boynton Viall and the shoe
manufactory of Isaac B. Cobb.
The brig Shamrock, Jortin, of Boston, with a cargo of sugar
and molasses, was wrecked on Long Beach, on the 17th of De
cember. [At this time there were but seventeen buildings of brick in
all Lynn, and only six, of any raaterial, above two stories in
height. There were sixty streets, and tbe dweUings, through
out the town were valued at an average of $500.]
1837.
On the 15th of January, at two o'clock in the raorning, there
was an earthquake.
The new meeting-house of the First Congregational Society,
on South Common street, corner of Vine, was dedicated onthe
Ist of February.
On tbe 20th of June, the schooner Triton of Waldoborough,
loaded witb wood, was wrecked on Fishing Point, Swampsco.t.
[The barn of Hubbard Emerson, Lynnfield, was struck by
Ughtning, 20 June, and an ox killed.]
On the 21sfr of June, Lewis A, Lauriat ascended in a baUoon
from Chelsea, and lauded in the woods near Lynn Dye House,
Augustus, son of Israel Perkins, aged 14, was drowned on
the 1st of July, whUe bathing in Alley's mUl pond, near the
wharf, 1. ' X
Independence was celebrated near Lover's Leap, by a party

404 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1838.
of ladies and gentlemen ofLynn, Boston and Salem, and several
songs written by tbe Lynn Bard, were sung. [The "Lynn
Bard " was Mr. Lewis. He adopted the name soon after he be
gan to publish poetry,]
The Episcopal Church, on North Coramon street, was conse
crated on Thursday, 20 July. Sermon by Bishop Griswold.
[The subject of the manufacture of silk excited much attention
in Lynn and many other places at this time. Great numbers of
white mulberry trees were planted to furnish food for the
worms, and high expectations were entertained. Considerable
success attended the experiraents ; but the raatter died away
without important results, A gentleraan who took quite an
interest in the business, showed me, within a few months, some
handkerchiefs, which were woven from silk produced by worms
raised by bim, and fed on leaves of trees which he planted.
Tbey were of beautiful texture, and handsomely printed at the
silk printing works then in operation here.]
In August, a survey of Lynn Beach and Harbor was made by
Alonzo Lewis, under the direction of Congress ; and a plan
submitted for the purpose of erecting a sea wall, the whole
length of the Beach, at ah expense of $37.000 ; but though en
couragement was given for a grant, yet none was obtained.
[This year the surplus United States revenue was distributed.
The amount received by Lynn was $14.879.00 ; and it was, by
vote of the town, applied to tbe payment of the town debt.
Lynnfield received $1,328.29, and in like manner applied it to
their town debt. Saugus received $3,500.00, and appropriated
it to tbe building of a town hall. Where shall we look for a
parallel case in the history of any nation ? But, judging from the
present and prospective accumulation of our national debt, cen
turies wiU roU away before the United States wiU be in a condi-'
tion to repeat the example.
[Tbere was a frost every month this year, as well as the
preceding,]
1838,
[The thermometer feU to 18 degrees below zero on the 30th
of January,]
The ladies of Lynn held a fair at the Town HaU, on the 4th
of July, for benevolent purposes, . Francis Maria, [wife of Mn
Lewis] was principal, and nearly $500 were obtained.
The Eastern Rail-road, passing through Lynn, was opened for
pubUc travel, from Boston to Salem, on tbe 28th of August,
Before this time, a few stages had accoraraodated all the eastern
travel ; but now the nuraber of passengers, to and frora Boston,
so rapidly increased, that for the first three months, the average
was three hundred and forty-eight persons each day. The com-

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1839. 405
pany for effecting this great and convenient enterprise was in
corporated on the 14th of April, 1836, [After the road was
opened, as above, it was rapidly extended eastward to Port
land.] It was a magnificent project, happily accomplished, and
it may be regarded not merely as a cw\\ couvenience, but as a
work of great moral influence, tending to break down the barri
ers of sectional prejudice, and to proraote feelings of benevo
lence and refineroent, by bringing many persons of both sexes
into habits of social and dail}^ intercourse. [In relation to what
Mr. Lewis says above regarding the travel by" stage, before, tbe
rail-road was opened, it may be stated that in 1836, twentj'-tbree
stages left Lynn Hotel for Boston, daily, and there were like
wise numerous extras. They belonged to the great eastern and
the Salem lines. Oftentiraes they were well filled on their arri
val at Lynn, and the cry " stage full," fell upon the ear of the
hurrying man of business in a way any tbing but pleasant. A
great many, however, drove to Boston in their own vehicles.
And there were numerous fast horses about town.]
On the 28th of September, two brakemen a Mn T^der and a
Mr. Baker, who were standing upon the top of a car, were
instantly killed, by being struck against the overhead framework
ofthe little bridge near the West Lynn depdt,
[Edward Pranker tbis year bought the water privilege and
other property of the New England Wool Company, at Saugus,
and coramenced the raanufacture of fiaunel. In 1846 he in
creased th© power by raising the dara two feet, and greatly
enlarged his, business, which proved lucrative and added much
to the prosperity of the place. In 1860, he buUt a fine large
mill to be run by steara power. His raills, together with tbat
of Mr. Scott, are picturesquely situated in tbe vicinity of the
site of tbe old Iron Works, a location well adapted to raanu
facturing purposes.]
The Lynn Freeman newspaper was commenced on the 10th of
November — David Taylor and Charles Coolldge, proprietors,
1839,
On the 27th day of May, died, Francis Maria, wife of Alonzo
¦ Lewis — a woman amiable, talented, virtuous and greatly be
loved. Her funeral was attended by perhaps as great a number
of persons as were ever present at the interraent of any lady in
'Lynn, to whom her active benevolence, and ber worth as a
teacher, had greatly endeared her.
Amid the attention which is given to the various concerns of
humanity, surely one page may be spared as a tribute to the
exceUence of Woman. In the course of history, tbe virtues and
the worth of Man are delineated in all the features of strong and
admirable portraiture; but Woman — tbe inspiration of exist-

406 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1839.
ence, the soul of humanity, without whom the world would be
but a resplendent desert, and life itself a burden to its lordly
and lonely possessor — : Woman is overlooked with indifference,
as if she were not entitled even to a small share in tbe record
of human events. When a man is consigned to the torab of his
fathers, his worth is recorded on monuments of marble, and his
virtues illuminate the page of history ; but the grave of woraan
is passed in silence and neglect., She who is the raother of raan,
the wife of his bosom, tbe daughter of his affection — she who
has shared all his dangers and encouraged bis footsteps up the
steep ascent of fame — she who in the hour of sickness has
been his comforter, in the day of adversity his support, and in
the time of trial his guardian angel — generous, virtuous, unas
suming woman — is permitted to go to her everlasting sleep,
with no raention ofher name, no record of her virtues. Poetry
indeed has extoUed ber, but even poetry has praised her but
half. It has represented her chiefly as a thing of beauty, an
object of youthful admiration, a creature of light and fancy, full
of fascination and the blandishments of love. Poetry and ro
mance follow her in the sunny days of youth and beauty; but
when the time of ber maturity and usefulness arrives, they
abandon her for other pursuits, and leave her alone to encounter
the trials, and sickness, and sorrows of bome. It is tbere, in the
unobserved paths of domestic life, that the value of woman is to
be estimated. There raay be found unwavering faith, untiring
affection, hope that endures all afflictions, and love that bears all
trials, Tbere mayvbe found the smile of unfailing friendship,
mantling over a breaking heart — the unobtrusive tear of sym
pathy, faUing in the silence of solitude. There may be found a
being, Uke a spirit from anotber world, watching through the
long dark hours of night, over the form of manhood, prostrate
and wasting by slow consuming sickness, and performing all the
numerous duties, and encountering all the innumerable trials of
common life, witb the enduring patience of years, and with no
reward but the satisfaction of her own secret heart, Man per
forms the public toils of life, and participates tbe honors of the
world and the recompense of fame ; but woman, who bas formed
man for bis high destiny, and whose virtues and amiable quali
ties constitute the refinement of society, has no share in such
rewards. But history cannot do justice to her merits; sbe
raust be satisfied with the living admiration of her excellence
on earth, and the everlasting remuneration of her virtues in
heaA en,
[Louisa Jane a young daughter of Samuel Stearns, keeper of
tbe rail-road depot on Central Square, in August, 1837, drank
some potash, in a tumbler of water, which had been prepared
for cleaning purposes. It destroyed the inner coating of her

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1840, 407
I «
stomach, and she did not eat for twenty-two days. On the 30th
of March, this ye^r, she died, having again abstained from food
for twentj^-one days,]
On tbe 7th of June, Rev, Samuel D, Robbins resigned the
care of the Unitarian Society,
One of the greatest storms for many years coramenced on
Sunday, December 15th, and continued^ three days. It consisted
of snow and rain, and the wind blew a gale, wbich did great
damage to tbe shipping in many places. The schooner Catha
rine, frora Philadelphia, for Boston, was wrecked on the rocks
near Bass Point, at Nahant. Two of the crew were instantly
drowned, and another was so injured, by being dashed upon
the rocks, that be soon died, Capt. Nichols and one raan were
saved. At Gloucester, twenty vessels were wrecked, and sev
enteen dead bodies were picked up on the beach,
1840.
On the 1st of January, Rev. WiUiam Gray Swett was ordained
minister of the Unitarian Society.
[The house of widow Betsey NevyhaU, in the south part of
Lynnfield, was burned, on the 4th of January.
[On the 16th of January the thermometer was 18 degrees
below zero.]
On the evening of Sunday, October 25tb, a scene of terrific
grandeur was exhibited. A tempest suddenly rose, in which
the thunder was exceedingly heavy, so as to shake the houses
like an earthquake ; and the lightning was intense, making the
whole atmosphere, at times, appear as if it were a flame ;, and
in the house it seemed as if one were enveloped with fire. At
the same time snow fell and covered the ground. The exhibi
tion was singular and awfully sublime.
On the llth of November, during a storin, the tide rose higher
than it probably had done since 1815. The wind had been east
erly for several weeks, and tbe swell of tbe waters was immense,
passing for several days entirely over the Long Beach, so that
not only the harbor, but the marshes ofLynn, Saugus and Cbel
sea, were a portion of the mighty sea. There was no safety in
approaching the level shore ; but it was a grand and terrible
sight; to stand upon Sagamore hill, or some other elevation, and
view tbe fearful devastations of the waters. Nahant appeared
to be severed forever from the main, and ocean to be passing tbe
bounds of its ancient decree,
[The Puritan, a religious and secular newspaper was com
menced this year, at Lynn. Rev, Parsons Cooke was editor of
the religious department, and James R. Newhall of the secular.
The paper was afterwalrd reraoved to Boston, and being united
with the Recorder was called the Puritan Recorder. Sub-

408 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1841.
sequently' the name Puritan was dropped and the publication
continued under the name RecoMer. Mr. Cooke's connection
with it continued till 1862.]
One fact appears evident from recent observation — either
the sea is encroaching upon our shores by elevation, or the
marshes are sinking. There are strong indications, by marks
upon the rocks, that the ocean once broke against the cliffs of
Saugus; and on examination of the marshes, we are led to tbe
alraost .irresistible conclusion that the whole region now occu
pied by them Was once a portion of the sea. By some means,
not easUy explained, these marshes were forraed, and covered,
or filled, with trees. The trunks and stumps of those trees, in
some places bearing marks of the axe ! are now buried two or
three feet below tbe surface of the marsh ! and twice that depth
beneath the level of high tides ! — so that the sea, after having
been shut out by some great revolution, appears to be returning
to cl^im what were perhaps its ancient limits. Another proof
that the waters are gaining upon the land is the fact that the
creeks are much wider now than they formerly were ; and the
trunk of a pine, which a few years since projected three feet
into tbe river, now projects twenty feet.
1841.
The Lyceum HaU, in Market street, was built this year.
Phrenology and Mesmerism received much attention at this
period. Many lectures were given by European and Araerican
professors, and many interesting experiments perforraed to the
satisfaction of numbers ; but some remained incredulous.
This year Josepb G. Joy, Esq. built his log cabin, at Nahant,
from a plan by Alonzo Lgwis. [A sort of log cabin mania pre
vailed to some extent throughout the country. The poUtical
campaign which resulted in the election of General Harrison to
the presidency, was called the log cabin and hard cider cam
paign, in aUusion to tbe alleged fact that the General, during bis
western life, lived in a log cabin and refreshed himself, whUe
toiling as a husbandman, by the free use of hard ciden It was
thought by sagacious politicians that tbe , picture of siraplicity
thus brought before the people, with the adjunct of bard cider
songs, had great influence in the election. Many individuals,
before and after the election, erected unique structures, for
temporary residences and other purposes, bearing som6 resem
blance to tbe log cabins of tbe frontier.
[Some disturbance was created in Lynn and other places,
about this tirae, by the Comeouters, as they were called. They
arrayed themselves against the religious organizations, and in a
nuraber of intances disturbed public worship by entering the
meeting-houses and denouncing the proceedings. The First

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1842, 409
Congregational and the First Baptist churches had tbe benefit
of their visits; but members ofthe congregations, without appre
ciating the interruptions, quietiy carried out the disturbers.
They had Uttie respect for Sunday, or the settled institutions of
religion. In some cases tbeir conduct becarae so outrageous
that tbey were arrested and punished as breakers of the peace.
They professed great regard for morality, but seemed to think
it better when separated from religion. In a few years, bow-
ever, the new light exhausted itself in extravagance of doctrine
and indecorum of practice,
[On tbe 17th of AprU a party of public spirited yOjUng raen
assembled and set trees around the Common, in Lynnfield.
[The first Daguerreotype picture ever taken in Lynn was
executed tbis year by James R, Newb-all, It was a landscape,
and the instrument by which it was taken was a cumbrous
affair, iraported from France. The beautiful art had been dis
covered but a few months before, and was just beginning to be
applied to the taking of likenesses of persons. No more sensi
tive coating for the plate had then been discovered than tbe sim
ple exhalation of iodine; and the plate was of copper, with a
face of silver; it not having been discovered tbat a picture
could be taken on any thing but a surface of silver. Three
.minutes were the shortest time thought of for a sitting, even in
clear sunshine ; and eight or ten minutes were not unfrequently
required. And after the trial of sitting, the rainiatures were
dira and unsatisfactory, requiring to be held in a particular light
to have any eff'ect, or even, in raost cases, to be discernible.
American ingenuity, however, soon greatly improved the art.,
And at tbe famous world's exhibition, in London, in 1852, the
pictures from the United States took precedence of all others.
In about twenty years after the first operations under the
process, the elegant miniatures known as- photographs were
produced. And presently tbe photograph album appeared on
tfie centre-table ofthe mansion and shelf of the cot, often dearer
than the Bible itself]
' 1842
[Robert W. Trevett died, 13 January, aged 53. He was a
graduate of .Harvard CoUege, and for raany years in respectable
practice as a lawyer, at , Lynn, having come in 1813. He was
a conspicuous man in our community, and soraething of a poli
tician, though he never occupied a very high oflScial position.
With general literature of the better sort, be was raoj-e than
ordinarily familiar, and few stood before him in knowledge of the
history of American commerce and manufactures. In person
he was of something more than medium size, and in tempera
ment exceedingly nervous, so much so, that in his latter years
•^2

410 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1843.
his whole, systera, mental and physical, was unfavorably affectefJ.
The closing years of bis Ufe he passed in obscurity and indi
gence, shunned by most of those who in bis prosperous days
had received benefits at his hand. His wife was a lady eminent
for her virtues. They had four chUdren; Sarah,. Robert W.,
Susan W., and Warren G.
[The Essex County Washingtonian, a large and well printed
paper, designed to advocate the cause of temperance, was
commenced on the 16tb of March — Christopher Robinson pro
prietor.] The Lynn Natural History Society was forraed on the 3d of
August. It was quite successful in the collection of interest
ing natural curiosities, and continued in operation a number of
years. [The house of Warren Newhall, at Lynnfield Centre, was
destroyed by fire, on the 23d of September.]
Another great storm happened on Friday, the 3d of Decem
ber, during wbich a singular phenomenon occurred. It was
high tide about ten o'clock in the forenoon, and the tide rose
nearly three feet higher than comraon spring tides. Soon after
eleven, when the water had ebbed more than a foot, tbe wind
changed, and brought tbe tide in again above two feet ; so that
vessels and timbers, landed by the first tide, were set afioat by
tbe second. This is the only instance on record of a double
tide, since the remarkable one in 1635,
1843,
Dr. Charles 0. Barker died on the Sth of January, He was
born at Andover, March 8, ,1802, graduated at Cambridge in
1822, and married Augusta, daughter of Rembrandt Peale, in
1828. His practice was extensive and successful, and he was
beloved by all who formed bis acquaintance.
Rev, WUUam Gray Swett, pastor of the Unitarian Society,
died on the 15th of February, He was born in Salera, July 15,
1808, and graduated at Cambridge in 1828. He went to Cuba
in 1830, for tbe benefit of his health, where he spent upwards
of two years. In July, 1836, he was ordained at Lexington;
and on the first of January, 1840, was instaUed at Lynn. He
was a practical preacher, and was greatly beloved by bis people.
His deatb was a great loss to his society and to the town ; for
he was a man of talent, of active benevolence, and of sterling
worth. He united high classical attainments with a raanly piety,
and knew enough of huraan nature to mingle witb all its syrapa
thies and partake of all its innocent and social enjoyraents.
In a sudden storra of snow and rain, on,the morning of March
17, before daybreak, tbe schooner Thoraas, Captain William
Sprowl, of Belfast, loaded with wood, was wrecked on the

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1843. ' 411
southern end of the Long Beach, There were seven men on
board, five of whom were drowned, by the swamping of the
long-boat, as they were attempting to gain the shore.
A splendid coraet raade its appearance this yean It was
observed on tbe 1st of February, in the day time, passed the
sun on the 26th of that nlonth, and was in its most favorable
position for observation on the night ofthe 18tb of March, Its
train then extended from Zeta in Eridanus, to Eta in Lepus —
thirty-eight degrees in length. It was briUiant and beautiful.
The winter was very cold, I crossed the harbor on the 17th
of March, and the ice was then strong enough to bear a horse.
On the -ith of April the snow in many places was three feet
deep, and on the 8th, a man drove an ox-sled, loaded with wood,
across Spring Pond. On the 20th of April, the ice was stiU
thick on the ponds. There were heavy frosts on the 1st and
2d of June,
President Tyler attended the celebration of the battle of
Bunker HUl, on the 17th of June ; and in that week, 20,600
people passed over the Eastern Rail-road,
Lewis A, Lauriat made an ascent, in a balloon, from Cbelsea,
on the 4th of July, and descended araid thousands of spectators,
near tbe Lynn Bard's cottage, at Sagaraore HiU,
This year, Theophilus N, Breed built his factory for making
cutlery and shoemaker's tools on Oak street, [An excellent
water power was obtained by running a dara across the valley,
a few rods frora Oak street, on the north, A fine pond, of fifty-
three acres, was thus forraed, which, besides answering the
useful purpose of carrying macbinery, constituted a most pictur
esque feature ofthe landscape. Surrounded by woodland hiUs,
excepting at the narrow outlet on the west, where, at the dam,
the busy little colony of iron workers was located, and witb
waters as clear as an alpine lake, it never failed to attract the
eye that could appreciate the romantic and beautiful. On the
15th of AprU, 1851, during the raeraorable storm by'whichtbe
light house on Minot's Ledge was destroyed, a serious disaster
happened here. Some forty feet of the dam were carried away,
and out rushed the waters, in a current ten feet in depth, with
such impetuosity as to carry large ropks across Oak street,
down into the meadow, where they stiU remain. Some of the
buildings were considerably injured by the storm and rushing
waters, and other damage was done. The dam was repaired,
and Mr. Breed continued his business, which was casting and
machine work, five or six years longer, and then tbe works
were closed. In 1860 the dam was broken and the water suf
fered to escape. And then the acres which formed the bed
of that beautiful pondVere reduced to a noxious bog, where
rank vegetation flourished and noisy reptiles congregated. The

412 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1843. I
clink of the iron worker's hammer no longer .rang among the
hUls, the red fires of the forges went, out, and the buildings
began to decay. In 1863, however, the dam was again repa'ired;
the pond restored, and the business of preparing hair com
menced.] In August, about twenty of the Penobscot Indians came to
Lynn, and encamped, sorae at High Rock, and others at Nahant,
Rev. John Pierpont," Jr. was ordained minister of the Unita
rian Society, on the llth of October.
For about four years past, it has been noticed that the syca
more trees [buttonwoods] have been leafless, decayed, and dy
ing. It is supposed that their decay has been owing to heavy
frosts blighting them, after they had budded early. [But their
diseased condition was noticed in various distant parts of the
country and in Europe, They seera now, [1864] however, in a
great raeasure to have recovered ; though there are but few left
of what was once a very fashionable tree,]
Sagaraore Hall, near the Central Square Depot, was partially
burnt in the night of the 25th of Noveraber, Loss, about $3000;
The town bas been remarkably exempt from losses of tbis kind —
this being the only great fire for ten years.

Witb the year 1843 the labors of Mr, Lewis, as the historian
of Lynn, close. He inserted a concluding chapter, bearmg
date 1844, which was probably written in the early part of that
year, A few passages of it appeared to be superseded by other
matter in this edition, and the reraainder is given in other con
nections. In 1857, he made known his intention to prepare a
new edition, but causes operated to prevent bis fulfilling bis
design; and he died in the early part of 1861, I have not
thought it right, in the preceding pages, to make any essential
alteration in the text of Mr. Lewis, nor to introduce additions of
ray own in a way that would render him responsible. And
hence, as elsewhere remarked, I have indicated by brackets
what I have supplied. It would have been a little more fash
ionable, perhaps, to have resorted to foot notes than to have
introduced the new matter in the way chosen. But the raost
fashionable things are not always the most convenient. And
foot notes, though often pets with writers are dire afflictions to
readers. In the remainder of our volume, however, the unor-
naraental bracket wiU of course be dispensed with, as Mr. Lewis's
matter extends no farther than this page, j, e, n.

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1844. 413

1844.
Early this year Laroy Sunderland gave a course of lectures on
Pathetism, as he termed his subject, in Lyceura Hall, He claimed
abUityto explain divers mystical operations ofthe mind, and, ^y
experiments to exhibit some of its raost remarkable effects on
the body. The attendance on his lectures was very large. Tbe
supposed science, however, seemed but another phase of Mes
merism, or animal magnetisra, which created a good deal'of
attention in France toward the close of century 1700, and whicb
Franklin, as a meraber of an investigating comraittee, referred
to the imagination. Yet, on a question of such depth in mental
phUosophy it might require one greater than Franklin to deter
mine what is imaginary and what real. During the few years
immediately antecedent to the year 1850, scores of lecturers,
many of tbem ignorant mountebanks, traveUed up and down the
country, pretending to great discoveries in mental science, and
adopting various learned names for the dignifying of their syS'
tems. But they all seemed to fade away in the light of
Spiritualism, ¦\Vhich began to prevail about tbat. marked year,
1850, Great numbers among the learned and refined, as well
as among the ignorant, believed tbat means were now discov
ered by which intelligible coraraunication could be held with
disembodied spirits. The raeans — to wit, tbe knocking against
a wainscot or the tipping of a table — through which the cora-
munications of the invisible ones wore vouchsafed, were, to be
sure, to comraon apprehension a little extraordinary; but in
matters which are altogether mysterious, and without the circle
of coramon events, the rules of what we call common sense
may not apply. But all^ such things are perhaps useful, from
directing attention to studies which may do much to elevate
mankind; even as the old astrology, whicb in itself was puerile,
led to sbme of the loftiest discoveries in astronomy.
The Essex County Whig, a weekly newspaper was cora
menced this year. In 1846, tbe name was changed to Lynn
News. And in 1861 it was discontinued.
The. journeymen shoemakers formed a society for mutual
benefit^ early this year. They endeavored to establish better
and raore uniform prices. The old order sj'stem- the systera
under which the workman was corapelled to take orders payable
in goods, for his earnings — which often operated oppressively,
was now very generally abandoned, and the wages were paid in
money, ' No striking results, perhaps, immediately foUowed the
formation of this society; yet, like all simUar raoveraents, it was
useful in diffusing a knowledge of the real condition of things,
and affecting public sentiraent. .
The thermometer stood at 100 degress, in the sbade, 26 June.
T2*

414 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1845.
The Whig party held a mass meeting in Lynn, 4 Septemben
Eminent speakers from abroad were present, and a procession,
numbering about 3.000, moved through the principal streets.
On the Oth of September, the Democratic party had a great
clam-bake at Swampscot. A procession, numbering some two
thousand, two hundred of whora were of tbe military, was formed
at the Central Depot, in Lynn, and marched to the place of the
unique entertainment. Addresses were made by eminent polit
ical orators.
Tuesday, 22 October, was the day calculated by the Millerites,
as the believers in tbe iraraediate destruction of the world were
called, to be that on which tbe closing up of all earthly affairs
would take place. But it passed off without any extraordinary
occurrence, probably to the relief of some whose courage was
not equal to their faith. There were quite a number in Lynn,
whd firraly believed in the predictions of Mr, MUlen They
held raeetings, and in sorae instances showed their sincerity by
abandoning their businessand giving away their property. And
many still continue steadfast in tbe belief that the end of all
things is close at hand,
Mr. John Alley, 3d, had a swine, raised by himself, slaughtered
tbis year, which weighed, before being dressed, 1.330 pounds.
The fat produced 128 pounds of lard. He bad tbe skin stuffed;
and it became an object of curiosity at agricultural exhibitions,
1845,
About midnight, on the 4th of May, a dweUing house on the
north side of Suraraer street, between Market and Pleasant,
occupied by Albourne Oliver and "David M, Hildreth, was
burned. The two faraUies had barely tirae to escape with their
lives. Not even a change of clothing was saved by any of the
inraates, L9SS $3,000,
_ Mount Carmel Lodge of Freemasons, instituted in 1805, and
discontinued in 1834, under the anti-masonic pressure, was this
year reorganized and regular meetings resumed,
Joseph _W. MUlett, of Swampscot, met his death, 28 IV^ay,
under pa,inful circumstances. Some young raen were in the
pastures in pursuit of geological speciraens, and he accorapanied
them. They charged a rock with a pound of powder, and he
volunteered to touch it off. They retired, not without appre
hension, as he appeared so daring, leaving him to execute the
dangerous task. They heard the report, returned, and found
hira dead, his body being rauch mutilated. He left a wife and
six children.
The Lynn ArtiUery joined the escort at the funeral solemnities
held in Boston, 9 July, on the occasion of the death of General
Jackson. -

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1846. 415
The thermometer reached 101 degrees, in the shade, 12 July
A young man from Bradford, named Noyes, was drowned,
whUe bathing, at Needham's Landing, 10 Septemben He had
corae to Lynn ih the hope of benefitting his health by sea bath
ing, arriving only the day before.
1846.
Between 'eleven and twelve o'clock on the night of'l January,
a fire broke out" in the Rockaway House, at Swampscot, deajtroy-
ing the building and furniture; bowUng-aUeys, stablp, and otjie'r
sout buUdings. Loss about $20,000. The buUding was formerly
tbe Topsfield Hotel, and was moved from that town to Swamps
cot, a distance of about .fifteen railes.
For several days, in the early part of January, the air was
so clear that tbe planet Venus could be seen at noonday, about
three hours behind the sun,
Araariah Childs died, 21 January, aged 80, He owned the
mUls on Saugus river, Boston street, wbich so long bore his
name, and there manufactured that exceUent chocolate which
becarae celebrated not only throughout the United States, but
in Europe, He began the manufacture in or about tbe year
1805, and sold out the business in 1840, He lived on Boston
street, nearly opposite Bridge, and was an esteemed citizen.
He married three wives, the first and last of whom were sisters,
'and the intermediate one the widow of a deiceased brother of
the other two. The last named was Mrs. Larkin, mother of
Thomas 0. Larkin, who, at one time during tbe excitement
respecting the California gold discoveries, was reputed to be
the wealthiest man in the Union, he having becorae proprietor
of extensive tracts of land in tbat auriferous region. At the
time of his death, however, which occurred a few years after, it
appeared that though a rich man, his possessions had been
greatly over-estimated,
A house on Franklin street, belonging to John Alley, 3d, was
struck by lightning, 18 May, and two persons knocked down.
On the 21st of June, the lightning struck tbe house of Charles
P, Curtis,, then in process of erection, on Ocean street, doing
considerable daraage to the frarae.
On Sunday, 28 June, tbere appeared a remarkable solar halo.
The outer edge was of a beautiful violet, and the inner red.
The first Congregational meeting-house in Swampscot, was
dedicated on the 15th of July, and the church organized.
On the 1st of August, the , anniversary of the abolishment
of slavery in the British West Indies was celebrated in the
woods, near Lover's Leap, The day was pleasant, and a large
company of ladies and gentiemen assembled. Some prominent
speakers from other places were present.

416 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1846,
Thomas Nourse killed a rattiesnake five feet long, and having
nine rattles, on the Lynnfield road, in July, The ages of these
reptUes may be determined by tbe number of their rattles.
They have the first when three years old, and afterward one
annuaUy, On Sunday raorning, 9 A^igust, one of the njost destructive
fires that ever occurred in Lynn, took place. It commenced at
about two o'clock, in the spice and coffee miU of Nehemiah
Berry and Samuel C, ChUds, on Water HUl, The mill and adja.
cent frame buildings were soon destroyed and the fire commu
nicated to the large brick buUding used for sUk printing and
dyeing, then occupied by Daniel K, Chase; and that also was-
destroyed. Total loss about $75,000. Insurance $20,000. ,This
brick factory was the one referred to under date 1836,
On Friday afternoon,, 14 August, during the recess at tbe
grammar school on Franklin street, the upper wall fell — plaster
ing, beams, flooring, and all-— and precipitated into the room
a cord and a half of wood which had been piled in the attic. It
came down with such force that portions sank through the floor
into the baseraeut. Several pupUs who happened to remain in
during the recess, were injured ; none, however, fatally. The
average attendance of scholars was about a hundred and fifty,
and had the accident occurred while the school was in session,
many lives must have been lost,
A smart shock of an earthquake was felt on Tuesday raorning,
25 August, at fifte^en rainutes before five o'clock. It was suffi
ciently violent to wake persons from sleep, and in some instances
dishes were thrown frora shelves. There was for a raoment a
duU, rumbling sound, like that produced by a train of cars pass
ing over a bridge.
The old Lynn Light Infantry, organized in 1812, was disbanded
this year. For many years it was a faraous corapany.
The Agricultural S'ociety of Essex County, held their annual
cattle show and exhibition in Lynn, 1 October. The weather
was pleasant and a very large nuraber were present frora abroad.
The address was delivered by Moses Newell, of Wegt Newbury,
and tbe dinner was had in the baseraeut of the First Congrega
tional raeeting-house, A levee and dance took place in the
evening. ,
The suramer and autumn were unusuaUy warm and dry;
more so, it was stated, than at any previous time for a quarter of
a century. Tbere was a great failure of water in the wells about
town ; some dried up that never bad before, November and
December were very cold. At Thanksgiving time there was
a great easterly storm that did much damage, "^
A singular disease began to affect the potato crop, tbis year;
and it has continued to exhibit itself with more or less virulence

AifNALS OP LTNN — 1847, 417
every season since, in sorae instances destroying wnole crops ;
the potatoes being sometiraes attacked whUe in the ground, and
at other times after being digged. Four periods have been
marked by the prevalence ofthe " potato rot," in tbis vicinity;
the first in 1770, .The remedy in forraer tiraes seems to have
been in the use ofthe seed, instead ofthe bulb, for propagation.
The* congress boot began to be manufactured at this tirae.
Its peculiarity consisted mainly in the substitution of an elastic
gore for the old lacing, thus rendering tbe boot easier about
the ankle, and more tasty in appearance.
The Mexican war commenced this year. Lynn furnished
twenty volunteers, viz : Mark Annis, Henry Chester, Benjamin
Coates, C. W, Foster, Nathan Green, Lucius Grover, Joseph
Hepburn, Amos Kimball, Stephen Morton, Henry Newhall,
William B. Patten, Hezekiah Shaw, Walter Sherman, Edward
F, Skinner, John Spinney, WiUiam Swasey, Joseph Wendell,
Joseph York, and two others of the name of Brown.
1847,
' On the 15th of April, there were two inches of frost in the
ground. And on tbe 22d of the sarae raonth the weather was
so warm tbat the thermometer rose to eighty-six degrees in the
shade. But the next day it snowed.
President Polk made a short visit to Lynn on Monday after
noon, 5 July, He came frora the east in a special train, left his
car at the Central Depot and rode through the town in a car
riage, taking his car again at tbe depot at the foot of Commer
cial street, Tbere was great eagerness to greet hira, but his
stay was so short tbat few could be gratified.
The Hutchinson cottage at High. Rock was built this year.
Also Exchange Building, on Market street.
The Agricultural Society of Essex county, again held their
-annual cattle show and exhibition at Lynn, 29 Septeraber. The
address was delivered by Thoraas E. Payson of Rowley, The
dinner and other festivities usual on tbe occasion passed off in
a raanner most satisfactory,
Sarauel MuUiken died 25 November, aged 86. He was long
identified with the prosperity of Lynn, and was the third post
master, serving from 1803 to 1807. Before coraing to Lynn
he for a short time pursued the business of a watchmaker, at
Salem. In Lynn, he did a large business, for many years, as a
tanner, and at one time kept a large store at the southern end
of Market street. He was a raan of strict integrity and great
industry. He had a strong will, which, being usually set mthe
right direction stood him in good stead. But he once related
to rae an instance of its operation which seeras more amusing
than beneficial. During tbe active portion of bis Ufe, it was a

418 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1848.
custom, as public conveyances were few, for a couple of busi-
nessraen to visit Boston "€n company, one providing the horse
and vehicle and the other paying the tolls and horse keeping.
One chUly November day, he and Jeremiah Bulfinch, a neighbor,
agreed to visit Boston in that partnership way. Mr. B. was to
furnish the conveyance and Mr, M, to pay the, expenses. When
they arrived at Charlestown, which was early in the forenoon,
they found that an additional toU, or some other charge, to the
amount of six cents, on which neither had calculated, had been
levied, Mr, MuUiken contended that the extra charge should
be equally shared ; but Mr, Bulfinch declared that none of it
rightfully feU on hira. They were equally matched for stub-
bornness, and" tbere they sat, disputing and arguing, till the
declining sun warned them that it wa,s time for the horse's head
to be turned horaeward. And bome they rode, each, undoubt
edly, congratulating himself on his raanly triuraph, "And,"
added Mr. MuUiken, as he related the incident, his counte
nance radiating frora tbe old fire within, though he was then
more than eighty years of age, "I would have sat tbere tiU
this time, before I would have paid it I " Mr. MuUiken had two
wives ; his first was a daughter of Col, Ezra NewhaU, of the
Revolution ; and his children were, Jonathan, WiUiam, John,
Charles, Susan, George,
The old Lynn Rifle Company was disbanded this year. It
had been in existence about twenty-five years, and ranked high
for discipline.
Tbe custom of pressing sSa raosses and working them into
parlor ornaraents, began about this tirae. The rocks by the
sea side and those upon the woodland hills furnish an inexhaust
ible amount of material for the most durable and beautiful orna
ments ; and by a tasty and patient hand it may be wrought into
pictures that might easily be referred to the skill of goddesses.
And the brilliant leaves of auturan, carefully pressed and var-*
nished may be formed into exquisite pictures.
The first telegraphic wires that passed through Lynn were
put up in December, There was, however, no coraraunication
held by them between Lynn and other places, M^orse's tele
graph was invented in 1832, and the line between Washington
and Baltimore completed in 1844,
1848. .
On the night of Wednesday, 5 January, the harness shop of
Edwin N. Pike, on Union street, near the Central .Depot, was
burned. Loss $1,200,
Oliver Fuller, aged 60, while walking on tbe rail-road track,
in the vicinity ofthe Central Depot, on Thursday, 24 February,.
was run over by a locomotive, and instantly kUled,

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1848. 419
George Gray, tne Lynn hermit, died 28 February, aged 78.
He was by birtb a Scotchman and came here near the close of
the last century, locating in a lonely spot, which be made bis
home tiU tbe time of -his deatb, though population largely ib"-
creased around, much to his annoyance. Two or three rude
little structures, erected chiefly by his own hand, answered for
his dwelling, workshops, and store houses. They were on
the south side of Boston street, a few rods east of the main en
trance to Pine Grove Cemetery, It was a very wild place till
within a few years, A high woody hill rose in the rear, a tan
gled swamp was on either hand, with a weedy brook winding
through ; whUe in front, beyond a Uttle area of brambles and
rank vegetation, wound the street just named. He persistently,
and often with, a good deal of asperity, refused to coraraunicate
to the curious inquirers who sometimes beset bim, any know
ledge of his personal history or the causes which induced the
adoption of his comfortless and unnatural raode of life. And
that very secrecy gave rise to innumerable romantic surraises;
Som« believed that an unfortunate affair of tbe heart estranged
*^ him tiom the world ; others that some great crime rendered his
flight Vom his native land a necessity. And he had the shrewd
ness toavoid entangling himself by contradicting any current
opinion. At tiles he was by no means averse to discussing affairs
with bis vieighbors, though very seldora could one receive a
welcorae \ his preraises, and never would an invitation to enter
his dweUiir be extended. His calls were generally made at
night. I Wg occasionally favored with one and usuaUy found
him so forgiful of tbe passing time that it was necessary to
remind hira f the lateness of the hour by a delicate bint like
that of extingigbing the lights, nothing short of some such rude
ness appeariny;o be understood. Ou one of these visits, when
he seemed iuirracious mood, with venturesome curiosity I
expressed a de^e to know soraething of bis earlj' history ; but
the sudden and 7ely response — "That is what don't concern
you!" checked a'^pproach for that purpose. He was a reflecting
man, and bne of (ugiderable literary and scientific attainment;
but the current sty of his carrying^a Hebrew Bible about in
his pocket was, nqoubt, a fiction, - He took great pleasure
in attending lectur and in studying works on the abstruse
sciences. But his iUness for the mechanic arts was perhaps
his raost conspicuou&rait, and he became very skiUful in some
branches connected th machinery. Strangers would some
times vex bim with ur^ely visits, and by unpalatable remarks
induce sudden exbibit,ig of temper. But if one assumed to
possess a knowledge otechanics, he was pretty sure of a cour
teous hearing. He clai,(j to be the inventor of a most useful

426 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1848.
part ofthe ship's steering apparatus; but some one was before
him in securing the patent, and he was subjected to much ex
panse in unsuccessful efforts to establish his claims. Rufus
Choate was his advocate and counsellor at one time.
In religion he was probably a materialist, most of his life.
Perhaps a dozen years before his death he remarked to me that
it was " ridiculous for any one to contend that intelligence was
not the result of physical organization." But it is understood
tbat he subsequently abandoned his old views, and died in the
Calvinistic faith. He was eccentric in his habits, and had little
regard for personal appearance, oftentiraes, especially during
the last few years of his life, appearing in a grim and filthy con-
^ dition. He was remarkable, even in old age, for power of phy
sical endurance. Many a time has he walked to Boston, on a
winter evening, attended a lecture,- and walked home after it
had closed, raaking a distance, in aU, of full twenty miles, most
likely with no thicker covering to his head than a dilapidated
straw bat and upon his feet coarse shoes and no stockirgs.
He suffered much from disease during his few last years. i.nd
there, in bis forlorn habitation, without the sympathy of frjSnds
or the comraon endearments of home, in solitude and di/ress,
his last days were passed. /
Mr, Gray, at the time of his decease, possessed proprty to,
the amount of about $4,000. He died intestate, and w debts
were not large ; a considerable portion, therefore, wenJinto the
treasury of tbe commonwealth. His savings do n/ appear,
however, to have accumulated from a miserly dispj/tion, but
rather frora habits of industry and a naturally fru^ turn, for
the administrator inforraed rae that from the ap/arance of
things be could ha(rdly have taken sufficient intea^t in his pe
cuniary affairs to have known what he did posser- In some
instances tbe evidences of his money deposiyW-ere fpund
thrown among waste papers- /
The death of the hermit was noticed in 4 newspapers,
throughout the country, and several persons arP^red, claiming
to be heirs; but they failed to substantiate ^\i" claims. On
the 16tb of January, 1861, George Gray and T'lli^m Gray peti
tioned the legislature to grant to them tV Pi'oceeds of the
hermit's estate in the treasury. The peti*"®>'s represented
that the hermit was a natural son of WUli/ Grray, of Oxgang,
Dunbarton county, Scotland, of whora VJ '^ere legitiraate
grandchUdren, They did not assume a/^sgal right to the
money, but in consideration of the fact/^* they would have
been entitled as heirs, had the hermit 7®^^ legitimate, hoped
the legislature would favorably regard r^, prayen The peti
tion was referred to tbe committee o^'^™8i but the result
was not favorable to the petitioners, /

, ANNALS OP LTNN — 1848, • 421
I
During the month of May, some two hundred dweUings were
in process of erection or enlargement in different parts of Lynn,
On Saturday morning, 6 May, during a thunder shower, the
safe in the ticket office of the Central Depot was blown open
and robbed of about forty dollars. The thief was discovered
and suffered iraprisonment.
On Sunday, 11 June, a party of young raen went down Sau
gus river, for recreation, partaking of clams and other refresh
ments. On their way back, William Austin, one of the number,
was suddenly taken Ul, and died before a physician could be
summoned.
! Independence was this year celebrated in Lynn by the friends
of temperance. In the evening there was a display of fireworks,
at High Rock, and a great crowd of spectators.
The second post-office in Lynnfield was established, 1 August,
in the centre viUage,
At about four o'clock on Sunday morning,. 6 August, the
house and barn of Samuel Parrott, on North Bend, were entirely
destroyed by fire. Loss, about $3,500, Two cows and a calf
perished in the^ flaraes.
An unusually fatal epidemic prevailed in Septeinber, There
were seven funerals in town on the 17th, And on the next
Sunday Rev, Dn Cooke, of the First Church, preached a sermon
appropriate to tbe occasion.
The Agricultural Society of Essex County, for tho tbird suc
cessive year held their annual exhibition in L^nn, The day
was pleasant and great numbers attended, Tbe address was
delivered by Gen, Josiah NewhaU, of Lynnfield, Hon, Daniel
Webster was present. The evening levee was in Exchange
Hall, A few rockets were let off on the Common, at night,
whicb so frightened some of the cattie that they broke from
their enclosures and fled. Three young cows, brought by David
S, Caldwell, of Byfield, were found, about midnight, at the rail-
road depot, quietly reposing besj^e the same car in whicb they
had been brought.
In October, tbe house of Daniel Kidder, in Saugus, near the
Newburyport Turupike, was burned. Loss $2,000. The fire
was occasioned by children playing with matches in the garret.
On Frid,ay afternoon, 29 December, the new grammar school-
house on the westeriy side of FrankUn street, was dedicated.
iThough of wood, it was at the time considered a fine building.
Tbe carriage road along the harbor side of Long Beach was
built tbis year by Dennison W. Goldtbwaite, under the super
intendence of Alonzo Lewis, It cost $1,771.25. The town
appropriated $1,000 and the people at Nahant, resident and
non-resident, subscribed $1,225, A part of the toWn appropri-
ation was not used. • '
J2

422 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1849.
Lynn Comraon was fenced tbis year. The whole cost of the
fencing fell a trifle short of $2,500, To the exertions of the
ladies the town was in a great measure indebted for the im
proveraent. On the 28th, 29th, and 30th days of September, they
held a great fair at Exchange Hall, and were so successful as to
realize $1,636, including $245 previously obtained by subscrip
tion. Other sums were subsequently subscribed, and tbe town
made an appropriation, which enabled the coramittee promptly
to complete the work, Down to this time the Common had
remained an open area. Most of it was used as a public ground
frora the earliest tiraes, military trainings and. public parades
and exhibitions being held there. In some portions the surface
remained quite uneven as late as 1830 ; there were hollows
and risings, muddy places and gravelly shelves. The travel
flowed partly along the sides, wbere North and South Common
streets now are, and partly along a road which ran, with divers
interruptions, along the centre. Just east of where tbe pond
now is, stood a dwelling-house, with out-buildings and a small
orchard. And a little farther east stood the gun-house and
town-house. At the eastern extremity was a little district
school-house, and at th.e western another. Almost exactly op
posite where Whiting street opens, was the famous Old Tunnel
meeting-house ;" and so few were the buildings, for most of the
distance, between the middle of the Coramon and tbe sea, even
down to tbe time of the disappearance of that sacred edifice,
that people ih passing up and down had pleasant views ofthe
water. Many a time, when a boy, on my way to and from
meeting, have I watched the vessels. In 1827 the old meeting
house was removed ; and in the course of about half a dozen
years thereafter the whole extent was freed frora the architec
tural' encumbrances. It was then ploughed up, the circular
pond forraed, tbe hollows fiUed, and North and South Com
mon streets graded. Since tbe fence was built tbe city has
made a number of small appropriations for improvements; tbe
gravel walks have been formed, and numerous trees planted.
At the time the Comraon was fenced there were three hundred
and forty-seven trees upon it, including those within the rail
ing and along the side-walks,
18 49,
On Wednesday afternoon, 3 January, the new gramraar school-
house, on the east side of Centre street was dedicated. This
and the one buUt at the same time, on Franklin street, and ded
icated 29 December, 1848, were tbe best ever built in Lynn, up
to this time. They cost about $5,000, eacb.
On Wednesday, 31 January, the body of a man about fifty
ye|i,rs of age, who had been frozen to death, -wras found on Towey

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1849. 423
HUl, near the aims-bouse. It was supposed that he froze the
night before, which was intensely cold, whUe in a condition of
helpless intoxication.
A small building near High Rock, used as a shoeraakers' shop,
was burned on Sunday evening, 25 March, The buUding was
an interesting relic, having been tbe belfry of the Old Tunnel
meeting-house. The spaces being boarded up, it furnished a
comfortable though not very capacious shop.
The Lynn Police Court was estabUshed this year. It became
a court of record, in the legal sense, 1 January, 1862, '
The Laighton Bank commenced business, 2 August, ^
A national fast was appointed for the 3d of August, on account
of the threatened prevalence of the Asiatic cholera. The- day
was well observed at Lj'nn, About a dozen cases of the disease
appeared in our alms-bouse, ten of which proved fatal, A few
other cases occurred in different parti of the town. But tbe
excitement was not to be corapared witb tbat of 1832, when
the disease first reached Araerica, Lynn, at that time, partook
largely of the general alarm, though the pestilence did not then
visit her.
In September, Jaraes C, Larapbier, of Swarapscot, discovered
floating off Swampscot beach, a turtle, of the enormous weight
of six hundred pounds. Its length, from the end of the nose to
the end of the tail, was eight feet and six inches, and its shell
was six feet long and three and a half wide. The animal was
dead when discovered. After being towed ashore a bullet hole
was found in tbe body.
Rev. Theobold Matthew, of Ireland, a distinguished advoc^tet
of temperance, visited Lynn on the afternoon of Monday, 17
September. He held a levee at Lyceum Hall, and several hun
dreds, mostly his own countrymen, took the temperance pledge.
On the 7th and 8th of October, he again visited Lynn and
administered the pledge to others.
A great storm occurred on tbe 6tb and 7th of October. The
sea was driven in witb such fury that in several places it made
breaches entirely over Long Beach.
The Bay State, a weekly newspaper, advocating democratic
principles, was commenced 11 October, by Lewis Josselyn,
On tbe evening of 19 October a party of Ojibway Indians
gave an entertainment at Lyceum HaU, Tbey had traveled
in Europe under the guidance of George Catlin, the accom
plished Indian delineator.
The new grammar school-house, at Swampscot, was dedicated
on the 20th of December. ^
A large number left Lynn, this year, to seek their fortunes in
California, the exciteraent respecting the gold discoveries on
the Pacific coast having set people alraost beside themselves.

424 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1850.
Nearly two hundrefS went, sonse" by water and sorae by land.
And there was as much diversity in their success as in their
characters and habits. Sorae returned in poverty and with
broken health, others with well-filled purses and good health ;
others StiU reraained, preferring to raakb new homes in that
distant region.
The grammar school-house at Towep HiU was buUt this year.
1850.
A curious discussion, which in sorae instances waxed quite
warm, arose at the beginning of this year. It was on the ques
tion whether 1850 was the last year of the first half of the cen
tury, or the first year of the last half
Fifteen cases of small-pox occurred in January in one house
on Spring street; only one, however, proved fatal. All the
patients were colored persons.
At the beginning of this year there were in Lynn thirty-four
public schools, employing nine male and thirty-four female
teachers. The whole number of pupils was 3.379,
A two story buUding on Ceptre street, between North Com
mon street and the Turnpike, occupied by Peter C. Downing,
as a boarding-house, was destroyed by fire on Sunday night,
March 31,
Lynn adopted the city form of government this year. The
legislature granted the charter on the lOtb of April, and on the
19th the inhabitants voted to accept it. The organization of
the first city government took place on Tuesday forenoon, the
l4th of May, at Lyceum Hall, The day was pleasant, and a
large nuraber, some of wbom were ladies, were present to wit
ness the ceremonies, George Hood took the oath of office as
mayor, Daniel C. Baker as president ofthe common council, and
William Bassett as city clerk. In the evening tbe new city
governraent, together with a large company of citizens, partook
of a collation, in the old Town Hall, \
A great fire raged in the woods on Sunday, 21 April, Sev
eral hundred acres, chiefly in Dungeon Pasture, were burned
over. Col, Samuel Brimblecom died 24 AprU, aged 81, He was
for many years an enterprising shoe manufacturer, and did a
great deal towards establishing the business on a firm basis.
Before bis time the whole trade was so loosely conducted that
few realized any thing beyond a bare maintenance frora unre
mitted toil and perplexity ; but many of his suggestions tended
greatly to systematize tbe business and render it profitable. In
comraon with all the manufacturers of that period he met with
reverses in early life, though before the infirraities of age had
settled upon him he had secured a competency. He was a man

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1850, 425
of philosophical turn of- mind, ^nd estimable social qualities;
fond of reading, and ready to aid in all efforts to improve the
mind. He was a member of the Unitarian Society at its forraa
tion, and continued steadfast in the faith. He had seven cbil-
dreh, namely, Mary, Samuel, Mary Ann, two Williaras, Lucy, and
Ellen, His first wife was Mary Mansfield, whom he raarried
4 June, 1794; and his second, Nelly Copp, whom be raarried
1 June, 1817. EUen was the only child by the second marriage.
His residence was on the south side of the Turnpike, a few
rods west of Franklin street. He was a native of Marblebead,
At about raidnight, on Sunday, 26 May, two buildings on
the wharf at the foot - of Coraraercial street, were destroyed by
fire, witb a considerable quantity of luraber and lime. On the
morning of the same day, a store-bouse in the rear of Caleb
Wiley's store, corner of the Turnpike and Federal street, was
bumed. Down to the last day of'May, the easterly wind had been the
prevailing one for a hundred successive days, an occurrence
quite uncomraon even here where our springs are so marked
by easterly winds.
The physicians of Lynn, by mutual agreement, commenced
charging seventy-five cents for each professional visit, June 15.
The most common fee, previous tb that, had been fifty cents.
It was a time of great prosperity, and wages in almost every
craft and profession took an upward course.
On the afternoon of Thursday, 20 June, during a thunder
shower, the" lightning struck tbe clotbing store of. Roland G.
Usher, on Market street. James W. IngaUs, who was standing
in the door way, was knocked down. The lightning passed
between his legs, tearing one of bis boots, and burning his
person soraewhat.
The " ten hour systera," as it was called — that is, the reckon
ing of ten hours' labor as a day's work — was very generally
adopted this year. The church bells were rung at six in the
afternoon, and then labor, for the raost part, ceased, in field
and shop. Mayor Hood took a lively interest in the movement.
On the night of the 18th of July, the morocco raanufactory
of Jaraes Tibbets, on Sutton street, was destroyed by fire.
On the afternoon of Wednesday, 24 July, Pine Grove Ceme
tery was consecrated. The weather was pleasant, though very
warra, and a great concourse attended. The address was deliv
ered by Rev. Charies C. Shackford, of the Unitarian Society.
A son of Joseph Rarasdell, of Lynnfield, aged 10, kiUed a
rattiesnake, in July, which was five feet in leigtb and had eleven
rattles, n -i j
In the suraraer of this year,, the Salera and LoweU rail-road,
running through the northerly part of Lynnfield, was opened.
J2*

426 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1850
A tornado passed through the westerly part of Lynnfield, on
the 1st of August, at about three in the afternoon, sweeping
every thing before it. Its track was but a few rods in -width,
and fortunately no buUdings were in it.
On Thursday, August 15, a sad disaster occurred at Humfrey's
pond, in Lynnfield, A company, connected for tbe most part
with the First Christian Society of Lynn, were holding a pic-nic
on the border of the pond. In the course of the afternoon a
party of twenty-five, chiefly ladies, rowed out in a large flat
bottomed boat, about a hundred yards from the shore. As sorae
of them shifted frora side to side, tbe boat was made to careen ;
and several becoraing alarraed threw their weight in a manner
to completely capsize it. Before aid could reach thera thirteen
,were drowned.
The Salera and South Reading rail-road, passing through
Lynnfield, was opened for travel, 31 August.
The dry goods store of Charles B, 'Holmes, on Market street,
was broken into on the night of 5 October, and robbed to the
araount of sorae $500, Several other robberies were comraitted
at about the sarae time, in different parts of the town, <
This year the potato rot was very destructive to the crops in
and about Lynn,
The first burial in Pine Grove Cemetery took place on Sun
day, October 13, It was on Myrtie path and in lot nuraber 212.
The stone bears this inscription : " Harriet Newell, wife of
George W, Stocker, died Oct, 11, 1850, aged 27 years. Faith
ful while below, she did her duty well. The first interment and
the first stone erected in this Cemetery,"
The planet Venus was visible to the naked eye, on clear after
noons, for several days during 1;he early part of Noveraber,
_ On the evening of 28 November, George Thorapson, the dis
tinguished abolition lecturer and member of the British parlia
ment, being again in the country, had a public reception by his
friends in Lynn, and deUvered an address. The meeting was
at Lyceura HaU, whicb was well filled, though the weather was
stormy, James N. Buffum presided. For notice of Mn Thomp
son's earlier visits see under date 1835.
The law passed by Congress, this year, intended to facilitate
the rendition of slaves escaping into tbe free states, and known
as the " Fugitive Slave Law," met with strong opposition in
Lynn. Several largely attended meetings were held, at which it
was warmly denounced. At Lyceum HaU, on Saturday evening,
6 October, a full and enthusiastic meeting convened, at which
Mayor Hood prefided, Jonathan Buffum, Daniel C. Baker,
Charles Merritt, and WiUiam Bassett, being vice presidents and
George Poster and Benjamin F, Mudge secretaries. One or
two prominent speakers from abroad raade stirring addresses

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1850. 427
and the foUowing resolutions were unanimously adopted. They
are certainly characteristic of the people of Lynn, in the ani.
mated spirit of freedom , they breathe though the exceeding
fervor of one or two seems to savor somewhat of nullification :
Resolved, "That the Fugitive Slave Bill, recently enacted by Congi-ess,
violates the plain intent and the strict letter of the United States constitution
which seciu-es to every citizen, except in cases of martial law, the right of trial
byjuiy on all unportant questions; further, said bill outrages justice, since it
does not secure to the fugitive, or to the free man mistakeh for a fugitive, due
notice beforehand of the charge made against him, and opportunity for ci-oss-
examming the witnesses agamst him on their oath, gives him no time to get
counsel or gather tes|imony in his own behalf — rights which our fathers
secured by the struggi?! of two hundi-ed years, and which are too dear to be
sacrificed to the convenience of slave hunters, afraid or ashamed to linger
amid a community whose institutions and moral sense they are outraging.
Again, said bill tramples on the most sacred principles ofthe common law;
and even if men could be property, no property, however sacred, can claun
the right to be protected in such a way as, endangers the rights and safety of
free men, therefore —
Resolved, That we protest against it as grossly unconstitutional, as fraught
vnth danger to the safety of a large portion of our fellow citizens, and capable
of being easily pen-erted to the ruin of any one, white or black; we denounce
it as mfamous, and we proclaim our determination that it shall not be executed.
Resolved, That we rejoice to believe that tbere are not prisons enough at
the North to hold the men and women wbo stand ready to succor and protect
the panting fugitive slave, and baffle and resist the slave hunter, who shall
dare to pollute our soil.
Resolved, That every man who voted for this atrocious bill, every one
who avows his readiness to execute it, and every one who justifies it on any
ground, is a ti-aitor to the rights ofthe free states, and a criminal ofthe deepest
die ; at the head of whom stands Millard Fillmore, who from party, or even
baser motives, has set his name to a law, the provisions of which, so far
fi-om being fitted for a christian republic, remind one only of the court of
Jeffi-ies, or the camp of Haynau.
Resolved, That Samuel A, EUot, of Boston, in giving his vote for this
blood-hound bill, dishonored and betrayed Massachusetts ; and low as is often
the moral sense of a great city, cankered by wealth, we rejoice to know that
he misrepresented his immediate constituents : and we demand of them, in
the name of our old commonwealth, to save us from the mfamy of his presence
in another Congress,
Resolved, That since God hath commanded us to "bewray not him that
wanderetb," and since, our fathers being witnesses, evei-y man's right to lib
erty is self-evident, we see no way of avoiding the conclusion of Senator
Seward, that " it is a violation ofthe divine law to surrender the fugitive slave
who takes refuge at our firesides from his relentless pursuers;" and in view
of this, as well as of the notorious fact that the slave power has constantly
trampled under foot the Constitution of the United States to secure its own
extension or safety, and especiaJry of the open, undisguised, and acknowledged
conterapt of that instrument, with which the slave states kidnap our colored
citizens traveling south, and imprison our colored seamen, we, in obedience to
God's law, and in self-defense, declare that, constitution or no constitution,
law or no law, with jury trial or without, the slave who has once breathed the
air and touched the soil of Massachusetts, shall never be dragged back to
bondage. ' '
Resolved, That Lewis Cass and Daniel Webster, Senator Foote and Sen
ator Clay, and each and every one ofthe " comoromise committee of thirteen,"

428 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1851.
who reported and urged the passage of this bill, as well as every one-who
voted for its passage, are unworthy the votes of a free people for any office
for which they may be hereafter named.
In the course of a few months other large meetings were held,
attended by prominent individuals ofthe several political parties,
and similar resolutions adopted. Other places in the coraraon-
wealth were quite as much in a ferment as Lynn, and public
opinion soon became so moulded that a legislature was' elected
which made such provisions that the operation of the law was
seriously obstructed ; and the southerners grew rampant under
what they declared to be Massachusetts nullification. Some
very bad seeds were sown at this tirae.
George Thorapson, member of the British parliament, deliv
ered the introductory lecture before the Lynn Lyceum, on the
21st of November. There was a very large attendance. His
subject was Reforras in England.
The Central Congregational meeting-house, Silsbe street, was
dedicated on the llth of December.
Rev. Elbridge G. Brooks was instaUed minister of the First
Universalist Society, on Sunday evening, Deceraber 22.
The valuation of the real estate in Lynn, for this year, was
$3,160,515; of personal, $1,674,328 — total, 4.834.843. Rate
of taxation, $9 on $1,000. Nuraber of polls, 3.215. City debt,
$56,960.55. By turning to date 1860, the reader wUl have an
opportunity to deterraine what progress had been made in these
particulars in ten years.
The whole number of deaths in Lynn, tbis year, was 262 ; of
consumption, 43. Aggregate population, 14.257. Many have
an impression that Lynn is an especially unfavorable locality
for such as are liable to pulmonary diseases. But it is thought
that a careful study of the bills of mortality will show that a
sraaller number of deaths, from all diseases, occur in Lynn, in a
given period, than in almost any place of equal population, in
New England ; and that though the consumptives here bear a
greater proportion, they are yet less in the whole number than
the consumptives in those other places.
1851
On Wednesday, 8 January, tbe commodious structure, erected
on High street, for the use of the High School, was dedicated.
The school was commenced 28 May, 1849, in tbe wooden school-
house on Franklin street, under the charge of Jacob Batchelder,
as principal.
The carpenter shop of Thomas Taylor, on Sagamore street,
was destroyed by fire, on the night of 4 February. And on
Monday night, 17 February, the two story wooden buUding on
Market street, corner of Essex, was nearly burned up. The

HIGH SCHOOL HOUSE,
Erected in 1850. High Street, corner of Liberty. (See page 428.)

ANNAL^OP LTNN— 1851. ' 429
lower story was occupied as a crockery ware, grocery, and
provision store. The Freemasons and two temperance societies
had their rooms above.
On ^unday evening, March 11, a barn near the Dr. Cheever
place, m Saugus, was burned, witb about twelve tons of hay.
_ On Tuesday, 18 March, a tremendous storm occurred. The
tide was driven entirely over Long Beach, at several points,
so that Nahant was literally an island. The new road, on the
harbor side was rauch daraaged, the marshes were submerged,
and considerable injury was done to tbe rail-road bed.
The second City Government was organized AprU 7 — George
Hood, raayor, James R, NewhaU, president of tbe coraraon coun
cil, Williara Bassett, city clerk.
On the 15th of April, another violent easterly storra com
menced, continuing two days. The wind was terrific, and
much, rain feU, A higher tide was occasioned than any since
that driven in by the great gale of 1815, The sea again swept
over Long Beach, to such an extent that a continuous sheet of
raging water lay between Lynn and Nahant, Two men, on
horseback, attempted to cross the Beach, but the horses were
thrown down by a wave, and they were in great danger of losing
their lives. The lower part of Beach street was submerged,
and much lumber, wood, and other property floated off. This
storra was more severe than that of the 18th of March, .Seven
successive tides rushed over the Beach, badly gullying the road
SQ. lately built, and rendering it almost impassable. At Breed's
mill, on Oak street, a part of tbe .dam was carried away and
much damage done, a more particular stateraent whereof may
be found on page 411, But the most serious disaster on the
coast was the destruction of the light-house on Minot's Ledge,
and the loss of two faithful assistant keepers. The height of the
buUding was seventy-five feet, and it was supposed to have been
so strongly buUt as to survive any storm. It was seen to fall,
a few minutes after midnight, by persons on board an inward
bound vessel.
After these two severe storms it becarae apparent that sorae
thing raust speedily be done for the protection of the Beach or
it would entirely disappear leaving the town exposed to the
unobstructed inroads of the ocean. As the cheapest plan, it was
concluded to place a line of red cedars along tbe ridge, working
stones, sand, and sea debris as compactly as possible araong
them, A guard was thus formed, answering a very good pur
pose. The city appropriated $5,000 to the object. There
should, however, be a substantial wall of stone ; and it is hoped
that government will one day supply the need ; though there is
not much prospect that they will do so at present.
On Friday afternoon, May 2, Miss Sarah Churchill, aged 19,

430 ANNALS OP LTNN'— -1851.
a daughter of Ivory Churc^hill, of Vine street, while on a pleas
ure ride with a young man named Davis, visited the Fort, at
Marblehead. They rode on an embankment, and Mr. Davis step-!
ped from the chaise to turn the horse, when the animal suddenly
backed the carriage over the embankment, at a perpendicular
descent of some nine feet, and Miss Churchill was instantly
kiUed, her neck being broken. She was buried from St, Ste
phen's church, on the following Sunday, and a great concourse
attended the solemn service.
On Sunday evening, 4 May, a barn on the BaUard estate, in
Saugus, was destroyed by fire. An ox and a cow perished in
the flames, '
At about noon, on Saturday, 28 June, Charles Furbush killed
John J. Perdy, at the boarding house of Mr. Bailey, on Market
street, near the rail-road crossing. Furbush and Perdy were
both journeymen shoeraakers, boarding with Mr. Bailey, They
had come home to dinner, and iraraediately after the raeal was
ended, Furbush went to his room, and Perdy went out, but
soon returned, and went into the chamber wbere Furbush was.
Presently two discharges of a pistol were heard, and some ex
cited ejaculations. The people below rushed to the chamber
and found that Perdy had been shot ; and he immediately ex
pired,- Furbush was tried for murder, but acquitted on the
ground of insanity,
A petition was this year presented to the city council, by
Hiram Marble, for leave to excavate Dungeon Rock, Leave
was granted, in July, and then commenced those labors of Mr,
Marble in that romantic locality, which will remain forever,
evidence of his faith and perseverance. Por a somewhat ex
tended notice ofthe whole subjfect see under date 1658.
An effort was raade tbis year, by a considerable nuraber of
ladies, to bring into fashion tbe Turkish costume, or, as it was
called, the Bloomer-dress, from a lady of the name of Bloomer,
who strongly urged its adoption. They however had but small
success in inducing tbe sex generally to lay aside their graceful
flowing robes for those which, though more picturesque and
perhaps more convenient, have always, among the more fastidi
ous at least, been deemed less appropriate if not less modest.
On a pleasant afternoon in July, a bevy of young ladies from
Boston, richly and gaily habited in the new costume, left the
cars at the Central Station, creating considerable observation if
not admiration by their short tunics, full trowsers, bright sashes
and jaunty bats. Quite a number of the j'oung ladies of Lynn
arrayed themselves in the new style, but sucb a strong prejudice
against tbe innovation began to manifest itself, that they soon
laid aside the unappreciated garraents.
On the afternoon of Wednesday, 13 August, during a thunder

ANNALS OF LTNN — 1851. 431
shower, the lightning struck the house of Mn Conner, on River
street ; and in a description of tbe singular effects, given by
one who soon after visited the premises it is stated that the lights
ting descended the chimney, bursting it aU to pieces as far down
as the attic floor. Then it passed down a stove funnel to the
chamber floor, bursting the cook stove, passing along the floor
into a room adjoining, where two persons were taking tea. In
its course here it tore up a large piece of the floor, upsetting
the table, bursting out two whole windows in the roora, break
ing the very chairs on which the persons sat, and throwing
table, dishes, food, broken chairs, spUnters of wood, and broken
plastering, on all sides. Pieces of the broken iron and shivered
wood were afterward to be seen sticking in tbe casings of the
room, having been driven in, endwise, with much violence.
From this room it could be traced to the basement, and off into
the ground. And what is most wonderful of aU, out of seven
persons who were in the house at the time, none were seriously'
injured. The curious fact appeared, tbat pieces of tbe broken
stove were so highly magnetized, that in one instance a piece
about six inches square had strength enough to take board naUs
frora the floor and hold thera by the point. At about the same
time that Mr, Conner's house was struck the lightning alsp struck
the store of Mr. Vickary, in Gravesend village, somewhat injur-
jbg it, and knocking down one person.
On Friday afternoon, 22 August, a fierce tornado visited this
region. It was felt, however, to but a small extent in Lynn,
At Woodend, a boat was thrown out of the pond, and an apple
tree eight or ten inches in diameter torn up by the roots. In
Gravesend, tbe lightning which accompanied the tornado, in one
instance descended the chimney of a bouse and went out through
the front door, taking the side-lights. But it was terrific in
some of the adjacent places ; tearing up lofty trees, deraolishing
out buildings and fences, wrenching off roofs, and more or less
injuring many persons who were exposed to its fury.
The new grammar scbg^ol-bouse at Nahant, was dedicated on
Tuesday afternoon, 16 September,
On Sunday, 21 Septeraber, a great fire raged in the woods.
Some streets were filled with smoke, and much damage was
done. The Independent Methodist meeting-bouse, at Nahant, was
dedicated on Thursday afternoon, 25 Septemben
The Methodist meeting-house in Saugus, east viUage, was
broken into on tbe night of Thursday, October 23, and the mis
sionary box robbed of six dollars, and sorae thirty yards of
carpet stolen from tbe floor.
On Sunday night, October 26, tbe British schooner Brothers,
Captain Clark, was wrecked by striking on tbe outer ledge, off

432 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1852
Swampscot. The crew, seven in nuraber, were landed in safety,
about midnight, by tbe assistance of Edward C, Bates and his
men, who heard their outcries and hastened to their succor.
The wreck drifted over to the Nahant rocks, near Mr, Tudor's,
The new grammar school-house in Woodend, was dedicated
on Wednesday afternoon, 29 October, It was destroyed by fire,
21 January, 1859, being then valued at $6,000.
A new religious society, called the Central Unitarian Society,
was formed in Lynn this year, I'hey commejiced worship in a
hall, on Sunday, 9 November, This society was afterward dis
tinguished as the Free phurch,
Sagaraore Building, near the Central Depot, was again nearly
destroyed by fire, 14 Noveraber.
The new graramar school-bouse in Gravesend was dedicated
19 Noveraber.
On Friday evening, 21 Noveraber, the brig Exile, of Yar
mouth, N, S., Captain Sharp, was wrecked on Long Beach.
Large quantities of ber deck load of wood were washed ashore,
and by the means an immense fire was kindled on tbe Beach,
by tbe light of which tbe multitude worked in saving the lives
of the mariners, who were very much exhausted and in great
peril. By half past one o'clock all were safe on shore, but the
vessel was a total loss. It was estimated that there were a
thousand people on the Beach tbat night, and the scene was
one of terrific grandeur.
The first power printing press ever used in Lynn was set up
at the ofSce of the Bay State on Christraas day. Before that
all the prmting here was done on hand presses. The second
powder press was set up in the Reporter office, in March, 1854.
The first meetings of the Second Baptist Society of Lynn,
were held this year.
The legislature authorized the offering of a reward of $10,000
for the discovery of a remedy for the potato rot.
1852.
On Wednesday night, 7 January, Joseph Barrett, of Graves
end, aged 70, was frozen to deatb on bis way home frora Salem,
whither he bad been to testify in the Perdy murder case.
At about sunrise, on a morning in January, a noble eagle was
observed, perched upon a bouse in Green street. Finding that
he was attracting a good deal of attention, he presently soared
away, A Ught snowfell on Sunday evening, March 21, and the next
morning mysterious footprints were discovered in the vicinity
of Nahant street and Long Beach. They were of a shape that
excited much curiosity, and no one was able to determine what
sort of a creature had made them. But on Monday evening,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1852. -433
Mr, John Barry shot a very large gray owl, on the marsh, near
the foot of Pleasant street, and it was concluded that tbe won
derful tracks were made by him. He measured more than five
feet from tip to tip ofthe wings.
An act was passed, 26 March, to prevent tbe destruction of
shad and alewives in Saugus river, and the tributary streams in
the city of Lynn, Shad had long before disappeared, but ale
wives continued'abundant.
The Saugus Mutual Pire Insurance Company commenced
business on the 1st of AprU.
The organization of the third city government took place on
the 5th of AprU, Edward S, Davis was elected president of
the common council, and WiUiam Bassett, city clerk, Mr. Hood
continued to act as mayor, no other having been elected. Daniel
C. Baker and Benjamin P, Mudge were tbe principal candidates ;
but tbere were sufficient scattering votes to defeat an election.
The old raajority law was then in force ; , and it was riot till the
eighth trial that a choice was effected. Mr. Mudge was elected,
June 12, by a small majority, and took the oath of office, on
the 16th of June.
A violent snow storm occurred on the 6th ef April, A foot
of snow fell. Tbere was also a snow storm on tbe 13th of April,
during which from six to eight inches fell.
On Thursday, 6 May, Louis Kossuth, the distinguished Hun
garian patriot visited Lynn, and was received witb public
honors. He arrived at about one o'clock in tbe afternoon, and
a procession was formed which proceeded through the Common,
between lines of public school children, and thence, by Market
street, to Lyceum Hall, wbere an enthusiastic reception awaited
hira. He was quite ill, frora exertion and exposure, but was
able to speak for about three quarters of an hour, Tbe proces
sion was imposing, erabracing sorae railitary, the fire companies,
the city government, associations, and citizens generally — with
stirring music. It was thought tbat ten thousand persons were
on tbe Common at the time the procession passed, Kossuth
left in tbe afternoon, Tfie day was quite warm, the therraora
eter standing at eighty, ,
An act was passed by tbe legislature, 13 May, designed more
effectuaUy to restrain people from carrying away sand, sea-weed,
and stones from the beaches. Much damage had been done bj'^
inconsiderate and mercenary trespassers.
The Lynn City Guards were chartered this year, ^Tbey were
formed as an independent company, and for a short time called-
the Kossuth Guards, their first duty having been to serve as
escort on the reception of Gov, Kossuth, May 6, They were
chartered as an artUlery company, William T, Gale was tbe
first captain, but be resigned in August, and was succeeded by
K2 28

434 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1852.
Thomas Herbert. Capt. Herbert resigned 15 May, 1857, and
James Hudson, jr., was chosen commander. This was one of
the companies belonging to the renowned Eighth Regiraent,
which so promptly responded to the first call of President Lin
coln, on the breaking out of the war of the great rebellion, in
1861. In five hours after the unexpected requisition arrived in
Lynn, tbis corapany and the Light Infantry Avere ready for duty.
And tbey both departed in the forenoon of the next day,
A band of music was formed in Lynn, this year, under the
narae of Mechanic Brass Band,
Swarapscot was incorporated as a separate town. May 21,
And on Saturday, the 29th, public festivities wei'e held there in
honor of the event. Bells were rung, cannon fired, g,nd flags
raised. In the afternoon there- was a procession, witb music by
the Salera Brass Band, an address by Rev, J, B, Clark, and a
collation. In the evening tbere was a torch-light procession
and illurainations.
On Thursday, June 3d, three men were in a boat, near Pig
Rocks, when a severe squall struck them with such force as to
lift the boat entirely out of tbe water. It was capsized, and
two of the men, Mr, Small, of Swampscot, and Mr, Danforth, of
East Boston, were drowned.
The bells were tolled and flags raised at half-mast, on the 3d
of July, by order of the city government, on account of the
death of Henry Clay,
The planet Venus was brighter in thp raonth of July, than it
had been for the ten preceding years. And for several nights
the unusual occurrence of all the visible planets being above
tbe horizon at the sarae time, was witnessed.
In July, a rattlesnake, having ten rattles, and measuring
nearly five feet in length, was killed on the Lynnfield road, by
Joshua Soule, And on the 29th of July another was killed
by Samuel J, Sargent, measuring five feet in length and eleven
inches in girth, and having twelve rattles. Still another was
kUled in August, on tbe Turnpike, between Lynn and Boston,
by a Mn Grout, which was four and a half feet long and had
seven rattles.
On the 28th of August, Mrs, Jerusha Rhodes died, aged a
little more than 97 years — being tbe oldest person then in Lynn,
On Thursday, 2 Septeraber, the Sixth Regiment of Infantry
went into camp at Lynn, occupying the field on the southeast
corner of Washington and Laighton streets. Many raUitary
notables and others were present frora abroad. Some gamblers
and pickpopkets also -made their appearance, but the police
interfered witb their arrangeraents.
Building was very active during the spring and suramer of
this yean Many bouses ofthe better sort were erected.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1852, 435
On Wednesday, 15 Septembei;, tbe new meeting-house of the
Trinitarian Congregational Society, in Saugus, was dedicated.
It cost $5..500,
An omnibus commenced running between tbe east and west
sections of Lynn, in October, and was continued tiU the horse
rail-road was built.
Funeral services were held in the First Congregational meet
ing-house, on Friday, 29 October, in meraory of Daniel Webster,
it being the day on which bis funeral took place at Marshfield,
The city council attended, each raember wearing a badge of
mourning on his left arm, Tlie house was approp-iately draped.
Minute guns were fired on tbe Comraon frora twelve to one
o'clock, the bells were tolled, and flags raised at half-mast.
Died, on Tuesday, 9 November, Isaac Gates, aged 74, He
practiced law in Lynn, for many years, but closed his life at
Harvard, his native place. He had been unwell, but recovered,
as was supposed, and went to the polls to vote tbe day before
his death. He retired apparently in good health and was found
dead in his bed the next morning. He graduated at Cambridge,
with the class of 1802, and possessed good natural abilities^ but
had such eccentricities and irregularities, as tended to irapede
his success ; and he never prospered much at the bar. His
style of address was dogmatical, and his expressions extrav
agant ; but he possessed an abundance of grating ^wit and
loved much to indulge his powers of sarcasm, particularly in
the political caucus. His talents were sufficient to have ren
dered him conspicuous and useful in any community ; but in
him was afforded another of tbose instances over whicli the
philanthropist is so often called to lament. He took a good
deal of interest in the management of town affairs, and often
wrote tiraely articles for tbe newspapers ; but bis really judi
cious suggestions too frequently lost tbeir force through sorae
lurking prejudice or severity of expression. He also loved
to write political articles for the newspapers, but bis style even
here was often so pungent as to destroy the effect. Neverthe
less 'Squire Gates, as be was popularly called, secured many
friends by his good nature and readiness to do a neighborly act.
The following very well exhibits a comraon way he had of giv
ing vent to his humor. He bad in tbe court of coramon pleas
defended a raan of notoriously interaperate habits against the
charge of being a coraraon drunkard, and by some strange
good luck succeeded in winning from tbe jury a verdict of ,
not guUty, The raan was so elated that he began to stammer '
out bis thanks. Mn Gates, perceiving his object, sprang to bis ,
feet, and throwing up bis spectacles, exclaimed, in that earnest
manner whicb every one who knew him will remember, " There,
there I don't you try to say any thing; the jury on tbeir oath

436 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1853.
declare that you are not a drunkard. Now go right home and
see if you can't keep sober for a week, a thing tbat you know
you haven't done for tbe last six months." Before coraing to
Lynn Mr. Gates practiced in Concord, N. H., and BrunsMck, Me.
He bad one soujind three daughters, and the faraUy were refined
and highly esteemed.
On the 26th of November, an earthquake was felt g,t Lynn.,
A bell was raised on tbe meeting-bouse of the Trinitarian
Congregational Society, in Lynnfield, November 26. And this
was the first cburch bell in the town. '
At the great World's Fair held iu London, this year, several
lots of shoes, the product of Lyriii industry, were exhibited,
highly praised, and in one or two instances took prizes.
1853.
On Monday, January 3d, a prize fight took place between
two pugilists frora Boston, in a field bordering on the north
eastern road to Lynnfield. The stakes were $300. The fight
was arranged in Boston, continued about an hour, and was
witnessed by a large nuraber of persons, many of whom came
in carriages frora other places. The corabatants were badly
bruised. The city raarshal succeeded in arresting one ofthe par
ties who was afterward convicted in the court of common pleas.
The gas was lighted in Lynn, for the first time, on Thursday
night, 13 January. The price to consuraers was fixed at $3.50
a thousand cubic feet.
On tbe 16th of January, tbe harbor was frozen to Sand Point;
on the 23d it was clear of ice ; and on the next day it was
again frozen to Cbelsea.
The new grammar school-house in the fourth ward was dedi
cated on .the 25th of January,
On Tuesday, February 1, the cars commenced running over
the Saugus Branch Rail-road,
On Monday afternoon, February 14, Richard Roach, a man
about forty years of age, was at work near the Lynn Comraon
rail-road depot, sawing wood with a steam circular saw. The
balance wheel suddenly exploded, with a terrific , report, and
fragments fiew in aU directions, one of them striking the unfor
tunate man just above the chin, and knocking his head com
pletely off, with the exception of a part of the jaw, Anotber
part of the wheel was thrown with such force as to cut off a
four-inch joist and shoot to a distance of a quarter of a mile;
and two pieces landed on Boston street,
Nahant was incorporated as a separate town, March 29,
The organization of the fourth city government took place
on Monday, AprU 4 — Daniel C. Baker, mayor, Edward S. Davis,
president of the common council, Charles Merritt, city clerk.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1853. 437
On Friday afternoon. May 20, tbe remains of Jesse Hutchin
son were buried from the stone cottage at High Rock, which
was buUt by him six years before. He was one of the band of
vocalists known as the Hutchinson brothers, though bis duties
lay rather in making arrangements and writing songs than in
singing. He was the poet of the faraily, had rauch skill in
toucbinji; the popular vein, and would, could he "have been per
suaded to spend a Uttle more time and thought in elaborating
some of his pieces, have left what would have endured. He
had a social disposition though his temper Avas impulsive ; and
he possessed many eccentricities that were attractive, coupled
Iwitb some tbat were not. He had a good printing-office educa
tion, had traveled some, read a great deal, and his mind was
well stored with information, much of which was unavaUable in
the practical concerns of life. He was a spiritualist, and, it is
said, pledged himself to return, after entering the spirit land,
and convince- mankind of the truth of his views. But frora
some cause, he appears to have failed in fulfiUing his pledge.
He died at Cincinnati, where he had stopped at a water-cure
establishment on his wayjiome frora California, in the hope of
recovering his health. He wa,s tbe father, of several children,
all of whora died young, and before his own decease. j
The Lynn Light Infantry was chartered this year. This was
the second corapany of the narae formed in Lynn, See under
date 1846.
Boston street Methodist Society was organized this year, and
their meeting-house dedicated on Thursday, 9 June,
During a thunder shower, on the 23d, of July, electrical dis
charges were heard in several places near where telegraph wires
ran, resembling tbe discharges of muskets. When one of tbe
explosions took place near the Central Depot, two horses were
thrown to tbeir knees. At the raill on Saugus river, as one of
the discharges took place the glass attachment on the ridge-pole
was shivered and pieces sent to the distance of a hundred rods.
A comet was visible in August, It was about as bright as a
star of the tbird magnitude and had a tail two degrees in length,
extending upward. The best view was when it was in the west,
an. hour or two after sunset.
On Friday raorning, 16tb Septeraber, a fire broke out in a
building on the north side of Federal square, owned by Joseph
Moulton, jr. A store and dwelling-house were destroyed and
several otber buildings injured. Loss $3,000,
Patrick McGuire, an Irishraan, aged about 23, was fatally
stabbed in FrankUn street, at half past nine o'clock on Monday
evening, Septeraber 26, The raurdered raan was thought to
have been mistaken for another. The murderer escaped.
On Monday night, 24 October, a severe gale took place\ The
K2*

438 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1854.
eastern wing of Nahant Hotel, eighty feet in length and thirty
in breadth, and containing sixty sleeping rooras and the large
dining ball, feU, with a tremendous crash. It bad been raised
from tbe foundation for the purpose of being altered.
Albert Gove, aged 51, whUe near the Central Depot, 25 Octo
ber, was caught by the arm, by a locoraotive, and dragged some
two hundred feet. His injuries caused his death, two days
after. His spectacles were, found on the cow-catcher, at the
Salem depot,
1854,
Pine Grove Cemetery was conveyed to tlie City, January 2,
by the Corporation,
During the first week in January, there were four snow
storms. Between two and three feet feU. The rail-road trains
were much impeded. On ThuBsday, five locomotives were
joined to force a morning train from Lynn to Boston, Some
daraage was done to Nahant Hotel, by tbe wind.
Early tbis year various fashions in wearing the beard began
to be adopted. A great raany laid aside tbe razor altogether,
and allowed it full scope ; others kept it within what was to
them a convenient length, by the use of tbe scissors ; others
entertained only mustaches ; and soon as great diversity pre
vailed as existed in the tastes and whims of those who cultivated
the masculine appendage.
The Legislature passed the plurality law in February, This
was a great convenience and tbe means of saving much expense
at elections. In a community where the number of voters is few,
it raay operate well to require a majority for an election. But
wbere the number reaches to thousands, and tbere raust neces
sarily be many opposing qandidates, a plurality law seems a
necessity, Tbe raajority requisition was a great burden to
Lynn, where there were usually more than two parties. It was
not till the eighth trial tbat the mayor was elected, in 1852.
On Friday night, March 17, a violent gale commenced from
the northeast, continuing through Saturday, For a few days
previous the weather had been quite warra, witb some thunder
anilightning; but when the wind set in so violently the tempe
rature changed with a suddenness seldora witnessed even here.
In about five hours the thermometer sank from near suramer
heat to below freezing point. The wind was so powerful as to
overthrow several chimneys, and the lofty flag-staff at East Sau
gus. Upon the Eastern Rail-road a train was brought to a full
stop, while passing over the marshes, by tbe force of the wind,
Mr. Stevens, of tbe Tremont House, Boston, while atterapting
to ride across Long Beach, on his way to Nahant, found hiraself
and his horse in danger of being buried by the drifting sand.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1854. 439
and was compelled to give up the attempt and return to Lynn.
Old people at Nahant declared' tbat so severe a gale had nbt
before taken place, within their recollection.
The Lynn Weekly Reporter was commenced on the 25th of
March, by Peter L. Cox and Henry S. Cox.
The organization of the fifth city government took place on
Monday, .AprU 3 — Thomas P. Richardson, mayor, Gustavus
AttwUl, president of tbe common councU, Charles Merritt, city,
clerk, John Estes died, 30 May, aged 41, of lockjaw. About a fort
night before, he stepped on a rusty naU, wounding his foot; but
the wound apparently healed, and he thought nothing further
of it for some days. But on the Saturday before his death he
took cold, and on Monday took^to his bed, complaining of an
unpleasant feeUng in his head. His jaws presently became
fixed and no effort could relax tbe muscles. Mortification,
ensued and on Tuesday afternoon be died,
A large and beautiful elm, on Washington square, died in
May, as was supposed from the effects of gas that had leaked
from the under-ground pipes. Several other fine trees, among
tbem a stately elm on South Common street, which bad cast its
shade for sixty years, died about the same tirae, and as was
thought, from tiie sarae cause ; also one on Market street, corner
of Liberty,
On Friday, 16 June, a little son of C. W, Jewett, died from
injuries received while attempting to turn summersets, *
On Saturday morning, 8 July, a car load of cotton belonging
to a Saco corapany, on arriving at Lynn was found to have
taken fire from a spark frora the locomotive. Alarra was given
and the fire engines appeared. Mter considerable exertion the
fire was extinguished. Some fifteen bales were destroyed.
There was a great drought this year. No rain fell for six
weeks imraediately preceding the first of Septeraber, On that
day copious showers took place, much to the refreshment of
parched nature.
On the 3d of August, Henry Thomas shot a white-faced seal
off Swampscot, The animal was four feet in leUgth and weighed
forty pounds.
Mackerel were unusually plenty on tbe coast this year. Old
fishermen declared them to be more so than at any other time
within twenty-five years. Considerable quantities were taken
from tbe wharves in Lynn,
The City Bank went into operation in Septemben Capital,
$100,000. John C, Abbott, president; B, V, French, jn, cashien
The Cemetery at Swampscot was consecrated in September,
Sagamore Hotel was built this yean The stone dweUing on
the point of Sadler's Rock, at the junction of Walnut and Hoi-

440 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1854.
yoke streets, was also built tbis year. The stone was taken
frora the hill above, and affords a fair speciraen of large deposits.
Our rough and partially barren bills contain that wbich at some
future day may be esteemed rich treasure. In elevated locali
ties especially, stone is far preferable to wood as a building
material, not only because it is more substantial and durable,
but also because it is so much less liable to be affected by
atmospheric changes. There were only three stone houses in
Lynn when this was buUt. But a novel raaterial for buUding
began to be used to some extent at this time. It consisted of
coarse gravel, with about one twelfth part bf lime, worked into
mortar. Many believed it would be suffibient to form walls firra
enough for large dwellings. But the delusion was dispelled in
a singular and effectual manner, on Monday afternoon, Noveraber
13, Joseph Hay bad employed WUliam H. MUls, a carpenter, to
erect for him, on Breed street, near Lewis, a dwelling-house,
the dimensions of which, > on tbe ground, were thirty-four by
twenty-eight feet, witb an L twenty-three by eighteen feet.
The walls, which were of this new raaterial, had been carried
up twenty-two feet frora the underpinning, and the roof was put
on early in October, The house was now — Noveraber 13 t—
lathed, and ready for the inside plastering. Ten persons were
at work within, when, without any premonition, and with a
tremendous crash, the -whole fabric fell to tbe ground, A cloud
of dust ascended and great alarra spread. Nothing reraained
but a heap of rubbish. -Mn Hay had three of his ribs broken ;
a young man had an arra broken ; and several others were badly
bruised ; no one, however, was fatally injured. After this catas
trophe, tbe "raud houses," as tbey were called, were looked
upon with Uttle'favon But it should be added that one or two
smaller buildings, of sirailar material, erected about the same
time, are still standing. The ingredients raay, however, have
been better proportioned, or tbe weather during the time of
building may have been more favorable. It is quite certain
that in a cliraate as variable as that of Jfew England, something
more substantial is required.
The.rail-road running from Danvers to South Reading, through
Lynnfield, was opened for public travel, in connection with the
Danvers and Georgetown rail-road, on the 23d of October,
An unusually protracted and delightful period of Indian sum
mer ended on tbe 28th of Octoben The natural cause of the
beautiful autumn weather known in New England as Indian
suramer stUl remains unknown. Some naturalists think it pro
ceeds from a chemical condition of the atraosphere produced by
the ripening and falling ofthe foliage.
Brick side walks began to be laid in Lynn this year, though a
few trifling patches existed before. With a view to encourage

ANNALS OP LTNN ^-1854. 441
the improveraent, the city government passed an order that
granite curb stones should be furnished and set at the public
expense, in aU cases wbere individuals would furnish and lay
the bricks.
On Sunday evening, December 3, a violent wind with rain
and hail arose and did considerable damage, breaking trees and
destroying fences. T-vo dweUing houses in process of erection
at Bass Point, Nahant, were blown down.
During the winter of this year there were thirty-five storms,
and a more than usual aggregate of snow.
The boundary line between Lynnfield and Reading was estab
lished this year.
Two of those financial anomalies called loan and fund associa
tions were forraed tbis year ; one called the " Lynn Mutual Loan
and Fund Association," and the other the " West Lynn Loan
and Fund Association." It is not singulai", as may be remarked
in general, and with no special reference to the Lynn associ
ations, that many of tbat large class who in the hot pursuit of
riches rely rather upon their supposed shrewdness than any-
settled business principle or raatlfematical rule, and have a child
like credulity in regard to any speculation that promises ^ in
crease, should Toadily join such associations as these; but it
is singular that so many reputable and experienced business
men, should have so readily given countenance to what was so
questionable. Some expected to derive from them large benefits
as borrowers and others as lenders. But raost were disappoint
ed ; for it turned out as a few careful computers declared, that
miscalculations had entered into the plans of operation. The
modes by which these associations operated were complicated
ahd not easily understood; and perhaps that very thing was
one cause of tbeir acceptance ; for raany minds are charmed with
what is mysterious, and disdainful of what is simple. A portion
of those connected with these associations complained bitterly
of their usurious and oppressive raanagement. And the supreme
court was appealed to for the righting of sorae of the aUeged
wrongs; but the appeal was barren of the expected results.
They were relieved frora the charge of usury; and the purgation
was followed by such reasoning as to satisfy honest and reflect
ing men that the tribunal still remains a human institution.
For several years a difference had existed among the Frinds,
occasioned by some of their distinguished writers having advo
cated and pubUshed sentiraents which were deemed by a large
portion of the society to be at variance with some of its well-
known and fundamental principles. This difference at length
resulted in a division or separation in the Yearly Meeting of
New England, one branch professing to adhere uncomprorais-
ingly to the original ground, while the other had so far aban-<

,442 ANNALS OF LTNN — 1855.
doned that ground as to acknowledge religious fellowship and
unity with those who had sought to introduce tbeir modified
views into the church, A large proportion of the Friends'
, Meeting in Lynn having declared themselves subordinate to
this latter body, no alternative reraained for those members
who could not join in this course but to meet apart frora them
and thus sustain or continue the Meeting in connection with
the Yearlj'^ Meeting which had resisted the innovations upon
its discipline and doctrines. This year they erected a neat
meeting-bouse on Cambridge street. Perhaps the reader will
be enabled to forra some just conception of the differences
existing between the two parties by tiie statement that both
contended that they were the true Quakers, Those who re
tained possession of tbe meeting-house, approved tbe teachings
of Joseph John Gurney, an English Quaker, and considered that
tbe reading of tbe scriptures forms an essential part of family
aud private devotion — that the scriptures alone reveal tbe true
character of sin — tbat the observance of the sabbath is impor
tant — that the written gospel becoraes the power of God unto
salvation — that Christ wUl corae again literally. The other
party, in accordance with the ministration of John Wilbur and
tbe early Quakers, held that the influence of tbe Holy Spirit,
within the heart, was the true gospel, and alone sufficient for
salvation — that the sabbath is a Jewish institution, the first
day of the week not being the anti-type thereof nor the true
christian sabbath, whicb, with Calvin, they believed to have a
more spiritual sense — that the reading of the scriptures is
profitable, but the knowledge of them not so essential to the
understanding or practice of a holy life as to preclude the pos
sibility of leading such a life without it — that Christ has come
already spiritually, 1855.
By an amendment of , the city charter, the municipal year
was made to commence on the first Monday in January instead
of the first Monday in AprU,
The influx of the sea was so great during the violent storms
in the eariy part of this year that considerable damage was
done to tbe embankments along Ocean street. Many bathing
houses were thrown down and King's Beach was at times cora
pletely overflowed.
" Josselyn's Lynn DaUy," a good sized, well printed and ably
edited -sheet was commenced in January, and continued for
some raonths, by Lewis Josselyn.
On the raorning of January 10, Sarauel NewhaU shot, near
Saugus river, two eagles — one gray and the other bald.
There was an interval of severe cold eariy in February, On

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1855. 443
the morning of the 5th, the body of a well-dressed man was
found in the road between Lynn and Danvers, He had evidently
frozen to death. On tbe 7th, the thermometer stood at eighteen
degrees below zero, in tbe morning, but at noon it was eight
above ; making a change of twenty-six degrees in four hours.
The new Methodist meeting-house in East Saugus, was dedi
cated on Thursday forenoon, 22 February. Sermon by Bishop
Janes, The cost of the edifice, including furnishings, was about
$9,000. On Tuesday forenoon, 27 February, Mrs, Mary Parley, aged
28, died frora the effects of ether,. She went into the office, of
a respectable and skillful dentist, near the Central Depot, for
the purpose of having a tooth extracted, and desired that ether
might be adrainistered. Tbe operator advised against it, but
after being urged complied, Sbe died imraediately, without
returning to consciousness, A coroner's inquest was held, and
the verdict Avas that sbe died frora congestion of the lungs,
caused by inhaling the ether. And the jury exonerated the
operator from all blame in the unfortunate matter.
During the week ending March 3, tbe Swarapscot fishermen
were unusually successful. The nuraber of boats employed
was fourteen, and the aggregate tonnage, six hundred. The
total nuraber of men employed was one hundred and twenty-six,
and the fish which they caught sold for $5,272.00. None ofthe
boats, excepting one, were out raore than five days.
Rev, Jothara B, Sewall was instaUed pastor of the Central
Church, Silsbe street, on Wednesday, 7 March.
The Lynn Library Association was incorporated in March,
On Saturday evening, 31 March, sorae gentiemen at Little
Beach captured a black-fish, eighteen feet in length. The blub
ber produced two barrels of oil.
Seven thousand tons of ice were cut in the ponds of Lynn
during tbe last winter.
The Lynn Musical Association was incorporated tbis year,
. On Sunday, 6 Mav, a large tract of woodland, in Saugus, was
burned oven A striking display was made by the fire, at night.
Early on Friday morning. May 11, the shoe manufactory of
Nelson Raddin, near East Saugus bridge, was burned, and Avitb
it a^arge amount of stock.
Several young men made a trial of their powers m a pedes
trian contest, in June, Albert RamsdeU ran three fourths of a
mile in two minutes and fifty seconds; Jacob RamsdeU ran
the same distance in two minutes and fifty-five seconds ; and
Charies Breed equaUed the latten E. F, NewhaU ran one mile,
on Long Beach, in five rainutes and fifteen seconds. A. M. Col-
yer, a shoeraaker, ran a mile in five minutes and twenty-seven
seconds, barefoot, and on hard ground.

444 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1855.'
On the 16th of June, a turtle, weighing thirty-five pounds,
was caught in Floating Bridge pond.
True Moody died on Sunday raorning, 17 June, He was a
colored man and had been out-door servant and hostler at Lynn
Hotel for about forty years. He was a native of New Harap-
shire, an honest raan and a faithful servant, and acquitted him
self so willingly and skUlfuUy in his humble calling that travelers
regarded hira with great favor. In person he was stout, and
possessed in a well-developed form, all the physical peculiarities
that distinguish the African race. His raouth was capacious
and answered tbe novel purpose of a temporary savings bank ;
for in it he was accustomed to deposit the pecuniary gratuities
that were bestowed by the numerous visitors at the house, till
he could find tirae to remove them to a more suitable place, or
till he required his raouth for sorae raore legitimate use. And
tbere is an account of a wager by some young raen as to the
araount of silver change in his mouth at a given time. To
determine tbe bet he consented, with his usual good nature, to
discharge the deposits into a bowl, when they were found to
amount to a little more than five dollars, the whole being in
sraall pieces. By his gains in this humble way, he was enabled
to secure a corafortable home and respectably support a family.
By the faUure of Nahant Bank, in .183€, he lost some five hun
dred dollars, which was a sad misfortune. And the Eastern
Rail-road, which was built a few years afterward, by diverting
travel from the Hotel, whicb for many years had ranked as one
of the best in the vicinity, greatly reduced bis incorae. It is
said that at this period he was accustomed to retire to a corner
ofthe deserted stable and weep. He long bore th'e name of
Master True, and few persons were better known to travelers.
And he knew all the noted characters who traveled the road,
raany of whora would rather have lost an hour on tbeir jour
ney than an opportunity to have a chat with hira. It is said
that Harrison Gray Otis was accustoraedto speak of him as an
acquaintance, and a man of great moral worth, Sorae newspa
pers stated that be was ninety-seven years old at the time of his
death ; but this was probably far frora the truth ; or he must
have been endowed Avith extraordinary physical powers. His
history affords anotber illustration of the fact that diligence
and faithfulness, even in the most lowly occupation will alttraot
attention and ensure reward.
The electric telegraph to Nahant was put in operation this
suramer. The bakery of J. C. Eldred, on Comraercial street, was de
stroyed by fire on Friday night, 10 August, Loss $3,500,
On Monday, 20 August, a horse mackerel, weighing a thou
sand pounds, and measuring ten feet in length and six in girth,

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1856, 445
was captured between Egg Rock and the Swampscot shore, by
three raen from Swampscot,
V severe drought prevaUed during the last of summer and
first of autumn,
A sad accidenfoccurred at Dungeon Rock, September 19. Ed
win Marble, who Avas assisting bis father in the work in progress
there, and Benjamin Mann, were engaged in blasting, when a
charge prematurely exploded, breaking Edwin's left arm and two '
ofthe fingers of his right hand; also badly cutting and bruising
his face and neck. Mn Mann was likewise . bruised, though he
escaped with comparatively little injur3^
David S, Proctor, of Swarapscot, during three days hunting
in Lynn Avoods, kiUed three foxes and forty gray squirrels.
On Sunday, 25 Noveraber, the Catholic cburcb, on Ash street,
was consecrated, by Bishop Pitzpatrick. Nearly three hundred
persons were- confirmed on the same day. The main portion
ofthe building was old. It was built by the Methodists ; after
ward occupied by the Baptists ; and later still used for the sixth
ward grammar school. The Catholics purchased, repaired, and
enlarged it, rendering it capable of accommodating something
over a thousand worshipers, Tbis was the first Roman Catho
Uc church in Lynn, See under date 1815,
Michael Dolan, aged 22, was knocked down by a rail-road
train from^ Boston, at tbe Market street crossing, 21 Deceraber,
and so much injured as to cause his death.
At the close of December there was a splendid display of
frosted trees, continuing three days. Few. people ever witnessed
such a fairy-like exhibition. It appeared to rae far superior to
that noticed under date 1829. In the forest, Avhen the sun was
shining brightly, one could hardly realize that he had not been
transported to some enchanted land.
The Lynn Five Cents Savings Bank commenced receiving
deposits, November 27 — George Hood, president.
There were issued in Lynn, during this year, one hundred
and sixty-three marriage certificates,
1856. ;
On Saturday, January 5, a violent snow storm commenced,
and continued through Sunday. A great quantity of snow fell,
and the wind blew a hurricane from the northeast. Rail-road
traveling was greatly obstructed. The half past six o'clock
train from Boston, on Saturday evening, was twenty-two hours
in reaching Salem ; it became fast bound, a short distance east of
the Swarapscot station, and had to reraain through the night,
the passengers, araong whom were soi^e twenty ladies, suffering
much from the intense cold, and want of food, Pqr several
days after the storm the weather was very cold, the thermome-
L2

446 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1856.
ter, on Wednesday, standing at twelve degrees below zero. In
deed the winter of 1855-6 was one of marked severity. From
Christmas to near the middle of March, the same snoAv, in many
instances, remained on tbe roofs. Sleighing coramenced the
day after Christraas and continued betAveen eighty and ninety
consecutive days. On tbe morning of tbe 10th of March, the
therraoraeter, in various parts of Lynn, stood at ten degrees
below zero. The ice in the harbor' broke up on the 19th of
March. Cutting winds from the northwest greatiy prevailed
for ten weeks preceding the middle of March, adding much to
the piercing effects of the cold.
On the l7th of January, George H. JUlson, aged 46, a carpen
ter, employed on Nahant Hotel, was so badly injured by the
falling of a board from tbe fifth story, upon him, that he died on
the foUowing Sunday.
A pair of bald eagles were seen upon tbe ice in Lynn harbor,
17 January.
On Tuesday, 12 February, Ezra R, Tibbetts, a respectable
citizen of Lynn, while passing along the side-walk in Bromfield
street, Boston, was kUled by tbe falling of a body of ice and
snow from a three story building, upon his head. He was a
mason by trade, and an industions, worthy mau. He held vari-
rious responsible offices under the old town government. Tib-
betts's Building, so called, on Market street, Avas built by him.
On the night of 27 February, a sudden and vivid flash lighted
up the whole atmosphere. It resembled lightning, in some
respects, though no thunder was heard. It was probably some
brilliant raeteor passing behind the clouds.
On Tuesday evening, AprU 8, a farcAvell raeeting was held at
the First Methodist meeting-bouse, on the occasion of Rev,
William Butler's departure for his field of duty as superintendent
of the Methodist missions in India. Several dignitaries from the
church at large were present and the exercises Avere instructive
and impressive, Mr, Butler received his credentials and cbarges
at tbis meeting. Soon after bis arrival in India, the great Sepoy
revolt took place, and be was subjected to much loss though
he escaped personal harm.
On the morning of AprU 10, the carpenter shop of WilUam
'H. Mills, on Chesnut street, was destroyed by fire with all its
contents. Loss, about $1,400.
A severe northeast storm began on Saturday evening, 19
April, and continued to rage tiU Monday night. Nuraerous
buildings Avere more or less injured. The steeple of the Meth
odist meeting-house at Swampscot, then in process erection,
was blown doAvn. \
The brick school-house on Howard street, was destroyed by
fire on the morning of May 15, Loss $1,500.

ANNALS OF lVnn — 1856', 447
Stephen Palraer, a carpenter, aged 53, fell from a staging, whUe
at work on the house of Holten Johnson, at the eastern end
ofthe Coraraon, on the 15th of May, and was so injured tbat he
lay seriseles's tUl the morning ofthe 18th, when he died.
The first Methodist meeting-house at Swarapscot, was dedi
cated on Monday, June 30,' Bishop Sirapson preached the
serraon. As an instance of the quick work of one of our Lynn shoe
makers, it may be stated that Francis D. Rhodes, in fifty days,
made, in a good, workmanlike manner, seven hundred and
¦ninety-two pairs of ladies' shoes, at twenty-two cents a pair,
,|thus earning, in less than two months, $174.24, They were,
of course, raade entirely by hand.
On the evening of 26 June, a Mrs, Brazil, visiting at the house
of John Regan, South Coraraon street, attempted to fill a lamp
with burning fluid, when an explosion took place, setting fire to
her clothes, A child ran toward her, tbe fire was coraraunicated
to its garments, and it was so much burned that it died. Mrs.
Brazil was not fatally injured. This was one of many accidents
that took place about tbis time from tbe explosive burning fluid
then in such common Use,
Tbe ncAv school house in the centre district of Lynnfield Avas
dedicated on the llth of July.
On the 16th of July, Capt, WiUiam T, Gale, feU down a flight
of stairs in the Bay State Building, Central Square, and so in-:.
jured himself tbat he died the next day, remaining insensible
during the mean time. He Avas for a number of years commander
of tbe Lynn ArtiUery, and was buried with mUitary honors.
A horse-mackerel, nine feet in length, and weighing nearly a
thousand pounds was captured off Nahant, 16 July,
On tbe 26tb of July the thermometer stood at from ninety-
seven to a hundred degrees, in the shade, in different parts of
Lynn ; and for the preceding five consecutive days it had stood
above ninety during some part ofthe day,
A colored youth naraed Francis P, HaskeU, aged 20, was
drowned in the' Flax pond, on the 3d of August,- He rode a
horse in to water, and not loosening tbe raartingale'tbe aniraal
becarae restiff, threw his rider over his head, and with bis fore
feet thrust bim under water.
There was a severe drought this- sumraer. It ended on the
night of August 5, when a copious rain commenced, continuing 'f'^
in alraost unbroken torrents till Wednesday noon. On tbe next
.Friday tbere was a violent thunder storm. The house of Dn %\^
Asa T. Newhall, on Olive street, was struck and damaged to tbe
amount of $250. A house on the opposite side of the sarae
street Avas also struck; likewise a brick bouseon Sea street,
the latter having every pane of glass, in one window, broken.

«;

448 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1856,
Two gentlemen were riding over Long Beach, when the pole
of their carriage was- struck and shivered into innuraerable
splinters, Tbe house of John Blaney, in Swampscot, Avas also
struck. Indeed the Ughtning struck in some twenty places,
within a circuit of ten miles. The storm was extraordinary for
its -duration, raging, with Arery brief intervals, for full fourteen
hours. Between five and eight o'clock in tbe afternoon it was
very severe; but from half past eleven to half past one in the,
night it was really appaUing — the thunder jarring the raost
substantial fabrics, the lighting glearaing with blinding intensity,
the rain pouring down in equatorial torrents, and the wind
roaring furiously.
Out-door services were held in Lynn, this year, by several
of our clergymen. Dr. Cooke, of tbe First Church, preached
his first field sermon on Sunday, 7 September, on the Comraon.
But the experiment, on tbe whole, was not successful, tbe wea
ther often interfering witb the arrangeraents. The groves are
indeed beautiful temples, but in a cUmate so variable as that-of
New England not so convenient for fashionable worsbipers.
Egg Rock light was shown, for tbe first time, on Monday,
night, 15 Septemben The cost of the buUding was $3,700,
It was built by Ira P. Brown, On the 8th of July, a company
of gentlemen from Ljmn and the neighboring places visited the
rock and held a jovial celebration.
Patrick Buckley, the " Lynn Buck," ran five miles in twenty-
eight minutes and thirty-eight seconds, at the Trotting Park,
September 19, for a belt valued at $50. And on the 4th of
December, William Hendley ran the sarae distance in twenty-
eight minutes and thirty seconds.
The schooner Shark, Captain Carlisle bound from Bristol, Me,
for Boston, with wood, was wrecked on Long Beach, 30 Sep
tember, The cargo was strewed along tbe shore and the vessel
went to pieces; but no lives were lost. The disaster was
occasioned by the Egg Rock light being mistaken for that on
Long Island,
Forest HiU Ceraetery, Lynnfield, was consecrated October
14, Addresses were delivered by Rev, E, R, Hodgraan and
Rev, A, P, Chute.
Sorae of the Swarapscot fisherraen were very successful
about the close of the year. During the week ending Decera
ber 13, the schooner Plight, Captain Stanley, witb thirteen hands,
caught 62.700 pounds of cod fish. And a short tirae before, tbe
cre>v of the Jane caught in one day, among a large quantity of
cod fish ofthe ordinary size, twelve which v^^eighed on an average
fifty-six pounds each. Captain Nathaniel Blanchard caught one
cod fish whicb weighed ninety-four pounds, gross, and seventy-
eight pounds dressed.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1857. 449

1857.
A very violent snow storm coramenced on Sunday, January
1§. It bad been extremely cold. On Friday, the therraoraeter
sank to tweifty-two degrees below zero, and on the raorning of
the day on which the storm began, it Avas from twelve to
twenty below. The wind was high, and tbe suoav drifted furi
ously. So great a quantity fell that almost all travel was sus
pended for one or two days. Three powerful engines were
required to force the formidable snow plough along the rail-road
track. It was not till Tuesday afternoon that trains Avere able
to reach Lynn frora Salem and Boston; at which time one
arrived frora each place, drawn by four engines. Tbe way
being thus opened, other trains foUowed, and there were eleven
engines at the Lynn station, at one time. Much damage was
done on tbe coast and the beaches bore melancholy eA'idence
ofthe perils ofthe sea.
The barkTedesco was totally wrecked in the terrible storm
spoken of in the foregoing paragraph. She; was commanded
^by Captain Peterson, of Portland, and was from Cadiz, with a
'cargo of wine and salt. She was driven ashore at Long Rock,
Swarapscot, below the Ocean House, and soon went to pieces.
All on board, twelve in nuraber, perished. Six of the dead
bodies were buried from the Methodist meeting-bouse in Swamp
scot, at one time. The vessel was valued at $15,000, and tbe
cargo at the sarae. The captain had been married, at Cadiz/
immediately before saUing, but his wife was not on board,
Frora the 7tb day of January to tbe 20th, Mercury, Venus,
Mars and Jupiter were all visible ,in tbe western heraisphere,
and Saturn in the eastern, Uranus was also visible by glasses.
Such an occurrence, it is said, Copernicus longed to witness,
but did not. NeptUne was likewise, at tbe same time, visible
by telescopic aid,
James H. Luscorab, a youth of the age of fifteen, while driving
a cow across Long Beach, 19 February, fastened one end of a
rope around ber neck and tbe other end around his own body.
The cow suddenly turned and rushed back toAvard Little Nahant,
dragging bim three quarters of a mile and kiUing him. His
skull was fractured and his back broken in two places,
Goold Brown, aged 65, died at his residence on North Com
mon street, March 31, after an iUness of nine days. He earty
directed his attention to studies connected -^ith the science of
language and became widely known as a gramraarian. Many
years ago he published a graramar which was extensively intro-
rduced into Abe schools of the United States, And he taught a
seminary in New York city, long and acceptably. His last and
great work, which was completed but a short tirae before his
L2* 29

450 ANNALS OP LTNN— 1857,
^death, was entitled the Grammar of En'glish Grammars. He
was a native of Providence, R, I,, and a descendant of the
founder of Brown University; was a raember of the Society of
Friends and a much respected citizen. He left _,a widow and
two adopted daughters.
Haddock appeared in great numbers, at times, during the
early part of the year. On tbe thirteenth of March, about one
hundred of tbe Swampscot fisherraen, in twelve boats, caught,
in sorae six hours, 160.000 pounds of fish, almost entirely had
dock, Fisher Kingsbury, a respectable citizen of Saugus, aged 70,
was instantly killed on the Saugus Branch Rail-road, at Maiden,
17 March, Both his legs were cut off, and he was otherwise
injured, by a passing train,
A nuraber of respectable shoe manufacturers early this year
joined in forming a board of trade. It Avas thought that bene
fits would accrue frora the association, particularly through the
adoption of rules regarding credit to custoraers and for the
, security of greater uniformity in the trade generally. But all
' the good that at first seemed promised was not realized, owing»
perhaps in a great measure to the diversity of interests and the
unwillingness of some to yield to any regulation that might
appear to restrain the largest freedom in trade. The associa
tion did not long continue in active operation.
Trawl-fishing began to be practised by some of the Swamps
cot fishermen this year, ^
A team load of goods, whUe passing over Long Beach, from
Nahant, May 6, took fire, and was damaged to the amount of
sixty doUars.
On the evening of May 26, the shoe manufactory of Albert B.
Ingalls, on Union street, was burned, with a considerable araount
of stock,
John E, Gowan, a native of Lynn, arrived at Sebastopol,
Russia, June 3, to undertake the raising of the ships sunk in
that harbor, during the Criraean war, under a contract with the
Russian governraent. His enterprise was successful, ahd honors
were bestowed upon him.
The barn of Captain FuUer, in Humfrey street, Swampscot,
was burned, June 13, The fire was set by two littife boys who
were playing with matches, in the barn. One of the boys, a son
of J. A, Knowlton, aged four and a half years, was burned to
deatb. The color of Egg Rock light was changed from white to red,
June 15,
On Sunday morning, 2b June a dwelling-house in process of
completion for Mrs, Raddin, widoAv of George W, Raddin near
the Saugus line, was burned. Loss, about $1,200,

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1857, 451
Widow 3Iary Wiggin, died June 20, aged - 95 — the oldest
person in Lynn, at the time.
Independence was celebrated in Lynn, this yean A long
procession marched through the streets, consisting of a caval
cade in fancy costumes, fire companies, bands of music, and
numerous carriages, beautifully decorated, and filled with school
chUdren, bearing mottos, flags, and other insignia. An enter
tainraent was provided, on the Coramon, for the, chUdren, In
the evening there was a display of fircAvorks, It was called a
juvenile temperance celebration.
At Swampscot, July 4, Henry Scales and John Draper were
seriously injured while firing a salute. Scales was badly wound
ed in the bowels, and had an arm broken ; and he soon after
died, at the Massachusetts Hospital, Draper had an arra broken,
an eye destroyed, and was otherwise injured. He Avas also
taken to the hospital, and in about two months died of lockjawJ
On the 15th of July, a pleasure party from Nahant, while
fishing, captured a shark twelve feet in length and weighing
nearly twelve hundred pounds.
Much exciteraent took pla^e tbis summer, in many pla^s,
concerning the discovery of pearls in fresh water muscles and
clams. Many sraall ones were found in shell fish taken frora the
Floating Bridge and Flax ponds, in Lynn, but not enough to
render the search more profitable than regular labor. It was
quite arausing occasionally to observe some venerable and de
mure citizen, who never in his life had been guilty of imagining
that there was such a thing as amusement in the Avorld, wending
his way toward the ponds, and fancying bis real object entirely
concealed by the rod and line, and other sporting gear with
which he had so cunningly encumbered himself.
The African Methodist meeting-house, on Hacker street, was
dedicated on tbe 1st of August,
On the 14th of August, at about one o'clock, ih the afternoon,
while the thermometer was standing at ninety-eight degrees, in
the shade, an interesting little child of five years, a daughter
of Nicholas Mailey, living on Green street, who.Avas playing in
the garden, was sun-struck, and died the next day.
On Tuesday, the 8th of September, tbe Fifth Regiment of
Infantry, Col, Rogers, went into camp, at Nahant, remaining tUl
Thursday, The weather was fine, and the attendance of spec
tators large.
The Franklin Trotting Park, chiefly in Saugus, was laid out^
this year.
A small comet was visible, to the naked eye, in Septeraber, in
consteUation Bootes,
The different fire engine companies of Lynn had a grand trial
of power, on the Common, on Saturday afternoon, September

452 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1858,
26, A great multitude assembled, and much good-natured rival
ry prevailed. Money prizes were contended for, the highest
being twenty-five dollars, ,
Blue fish were very plenty off our shores in the early part
of autumn. They are great enemies to the raenhaden ; and for
several days such a war raged that the beaches were strewn
with dead fish, chiefly of the latter species, Mr, Lewis, the
historian, said that in two tides, he picked up nine bushels, and
buried them in his garden, for manure.
The Congregational raeeting-house in Lynnfield, south village,
was dedicated Noveraber 11,
Great financial embarrassment prevailed throughout the coun
try this year and affected all classes. In Lynn there was a larger
amount of suffering araong the poor, than had been known for a
long period. Numbers were out of employraent, and many of
the necessaries of life were dear. Public meetings were held,
in the fall and winter, to devise means for the relief of the des
titute. Many benevolent hearts were stirred, and individuals
of means contributed liberally; and on the whole the cloud
passed away with less distress and disaster than might reasonably
have been anticipated. Very few business raen failed, and not
many ofthe poor suffered long.
The boundary line between Lynnfield and^ North Reading
was changed this year.
The number of marriages in Lynn during this year was 209.
1858.
The first Congregational Methodist meeting-house, on Ches
nut street, near Broad, was dedicated on tbe 1st of January.
It afterward becarae the property of the Calvinistic Society
known as tbe Chesnut street Congregational Society.
The first vessel ever built at Nahant was a schooner of sixteen
tons. She was built by J, and E. Johnson, and launched on the
llth of February,
Josepb E, Watts, of Marblehead, froze to death on the Eastem
Rail-road track, near Oak Island, on the night of the 16th of
February, On tbe morning of February 19, the rosin oU factory, near
the Lynn Comraon Depot was destroyed by fire. The buUding
was of brick, and the loss of that, together with the stock, araout-
ed to $6,000. On the evening of the same day a barn, belong
ing to Oliver RamsdeU, in Gravesend vUlage, was burned.
The " Lynn Buck," so called, walked a plank, at LoweU, in
February, a hundred and five consecutive hours and forty-four
minutes, without sleep, and with but twenty-nine minutes' rest,
A strict watch was kept on him,
Joseph L. Hill, aged 20, while at Swampscot, gunning, on the

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1858. 453
afternoon of March 3, was instantly kiUed by the accidental dis
charge of a fowling piece.
The sun-dial, on the Coramon, was set in April. The granite
pillar was furnished by the city, and the instrument was pro
cured by private subscription and adjusted by Cyrus M. Tracy.
Telegraphic communication between Lynn and Boston was
commenced on tbe 4th of May,
On tbe 5th of June, two small boys, while fishing, fell into
the basin above Scott's woolen factory, in Saugus, and were
drowned.
j On tbe afternoon of June 8, the schooner Prairie Flower, Capt,,
IBrown, left Salem for Boston, witb a party on board. When
off Nahant, she suddenly capsized and seven were drowned.
Davis's barn, in Saugus, was struck by lighting, during a show
er, June 20. \
The Eighth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Militia para
ded in Lynn, on the 23d of June, in compliment to .Col., Coffin,
Eight fine companies of infantry were present, and many guests
of dignity ; among thera Goy. Banks. Dinner was served in a
spacious tent, and some five hundred partook. This was the
celebrated " Eighth " tbat gained sucb plaudits in the early
stages of the war of tbe Great Rebellion,
The raonth of July was found, by observation, to- be the cold
est that had occurred for fourteen years.
On the afternoon of the Oth of August, a barn in Swampscot,
belonging to Jonathan F, PhUlips, was struck by lightning and
burned, with fifty tons of hay» Tbe well-known trotting mare
Lady Lawrence, valued at a thousand dollars, being in the barn,
was kijled by the lightning.
On the evening ofthe 14th of August the barn of Jacob Jack
son, on Essex street, was burned, with sixteen tons of hay. One
cow perished, and another was so badly burned tbat it was
necessary to kill hen.
There was an impromptu "cable celebration" in Lynn, on
the 17th.of August — a firing of guns, waving of flags, and divers
'similar demonstrations — on tbe occasion ofthe transmission of
Queen Victoria's message to President Buchanan through the
Atlantic cable, the instrument of high hopes tbat were to be
disappointed. At Federal Square, in the evening, there was
quite a display.
During a heavy shower, on the afternoon of September 11,
two schooners, lying at the west part of tbe town, were struck
by Ughtning, The whole length of ^the. foremast of one was
splintered. The other was not much daraaged,
A splendid comet appeared in the autumn of this yean It
was one of the most striking and beautiful celestjal objects ever
witnessed. Por raany evenings it descended in the northwest

454 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1858
with its iraraense tail curving toward the north. The tail was
deterrained to be, on Oct, 10, fifty-one raiUions of miles in length ;
and to the observer it appeared clearly delineated for a length
equal to something more than half the distance from the horizon
to the zenith. On tbe 13th
of September it was a hun
dred and twenty-two rail
lions of railes frora the
earth; and on its nearest
approach it was fifty-two
millions of railes distant,
Jt is known as the comet
ofDonati, A faithful rep
resentation of this beauti- comet of 1858,
ful wanderer is here given,
Tbe raeeting-house of the Second Baptist Society, on High
street, was dedicated on tbe 7tb of October,
On Thursday, the 13th of October, the corapletion of the elec
tric telegraph to SAvampscot was celebrated. Flags Avere dis
played and guns fired-at morning, noon, and night.
John B. Alley Avas elected, November 2d, Representative to
the United States Congress, from this district. He was the first
Lynn raan, who received the honor of a seat in that august
asserablage. The Catholic Ceraetery, was consecrated on Thursday, the
4th of November, by Bishop Pitzpatrick, assisted by six other
clergymen. On account of the violence of the storm the ser
vices were chiefly held at tbe phurch, where the rite of con
firraation was adrainistered to about two hundred persons. The
cemetery contains eight acres.
The tide rose to such a height on the 23d of November that
the Lynn and Saugus marshes were so deeply submerged as to
occasion detention of the rail-road trains. AU the trains were
for a tirae forced to run over the Saugus Branch,
Benjamin Luscorab, aged 46, while examining his fowling
piece, preparatory to going on a gunning excursion the next
morning was instantly killed by the explosion of a charge, on
Sunday evening, December 12, Not supposing the piece to
be loaded he had taken the barrel from the stock and was
blowing in it, near a Ughted lamp.
There were landed in Lynn, during the year, 5.950.000 feet
of lumber ; 16.034 tons of coal ; 5.820 cords of AVood ; 5.877
casks of lime and cement ; and 79.600 bushels of grain. The
number of vessels bringing the same, was 337, What was
landed on the Saugus side of the river is not included in the
stateraent. And it should be borne in raind that Lynn has no
back country to look to her for suppUes,

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1859, 455
Cyrus M. Tracy tbis year published an octavo pamphlet of
eighty-eight pages, entitied " Studies of the Essex Flora : a
Complete Enumeration of all tbe Plants found growing naturally
within the liraits of Lynn, Mass., and the Towns adjoining, ar
ranged according to the Natural Systera, with copious Notes
.as to Localities and habits." The title fully expresses the char
acter of the work, and Mr, Tracy performed his task in a very
creditable manner. As it wiU be interesting to tbose who
occupy tbis soil in the far future, when population and art have
driven nature from her present footholds, to know what forest
trees grcAv and wild floAvers bloomed where then wiU be busy
streets, this modest work will be valued long after many more
pretentious things are forgotten.
There was. very little cold or tempestuous Aveather, inthe
winter of 1858-9, before tbe middle of February, The evenings
of January, as regarded temperature, were generaUy more like
those of April, than any other season. The cumulous clouds,
on several occasions, like iraraense fleeces of wool, rose to a
great heigbt, and in tbe moonlight made a very beautiful appear
ance. After the colder Aveather set in, one of tbe chief amuse
ments, not only of the school boys but the school girls and not
only of the young, but of the mature, of both sexes, was skating.
On moonlight evenings, tbe ponds were vocal with the merry
voices of those engaged in the exhilarating recreation,
1859,
Judson J, Hutchinson died, January 11, age 38. He was One
of the favorite band of singers knoAvn as the Hutchinson
brothers. He committed suicide, by hanging, at the wooden
dwelling on the Avest of tbe stone cottage, at High Rock. The
act was no doubt done while he was laboring under mental
aberration. For several years be had at tiraes been insane, and
his raind occasionally seeraed to incline to self-destruction. Many
months before tbe melancholy event took place, be very pleas-
antiy and as was supposed jocosely assured tbe writer that
nothing but lack of courage bad for a long time prevented his
destroying bis life. He Avas an enthusiast, and possessed many
eccentricities in raanners and raodes pf thought; but he was
genial in disposition, affable in raanners, inteUigent, and rauch
beloved. He was a spiritualist, and could see no evil in taking
the abrupt road that he did to join his friends in the spirit land.
There was a " CaUco BaU " at the Sagamore House, on
Wednesday evening, January 19. AU the ladies appeared in
calico dresses,- which at that time were the cheapest style of
dress, A hundred couples were present. ' The prize of a gold
bracelet was awarded to the lady who in tbe judgrUent of a
committee was arrayed in the most neat and becoming manner,

456 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1859,
personal charras also being taken into account — and Miss
Nellie Clapp was the fair winner of the prize. It was a very
pleasant gathering ; and the prevalence of silks and satins could
not have added to its attractiveness.
Early on tbe morning ofthe 21st of January, the commodious
grararaar school-bouse, in Woodend, with its contents, was.
totally destroyed by fire. The buUding was valued at $6,000,
and was built in 1851,
On Wednesday night, February 2, during a violent storm, the
Vernon, a British bark of 265 tons, bound from Messina for Bos
ton, with a cargo chiefly of fruit, was driven ashore on Long
Beach, The wind was very high and the sea in terrific corarao
tion ; but by great courage and the skiUful management of a
life boat all the crew were saved. Most of the cargo was also
saved. At low tide the vessel was left almost out of water;
but on Sunday raorning, 13 February, she was got off and towed
to Boston, in a crippled condition, A spirited lithographic print,
illustrating tbe scene at the wreck, was soon after published.
There was a total eclipse of the raoon early on tbe raornitg
of February 17, The sky being very clear, an unusually strik
ing effect was produced.
On Friday morning, February 25, the tin ware and stove store
of Brawn and Morrill, on Broad street, near Newhall, was
burned. Loss $3,000.
A large hump-back whale was several times seen near the
Swa,mpscot shore in tbe latiter part of February,
The New England Mechanic, a weekly newspaper, of good
' size, was commenced on the 19th of March, by Alonzo G, Dra
per as an advocate for the interests of the journeymen shoe-
i makers. Tbe New England Conference of the Methodist Church com
menced its annual session in Lynn, on Wednesday, April 6,
Bishop Ames presiding.
On Saturday night, 28 May, the Catholic church, on Ash
street, was burned, and one or two small buildings standing
near, were considerably damaged. The value of the church
property destroyed was $6,500.
WiUiara P. Mills and Charles A. Forbes, while on a pleasure
^ saU sorae two mUes outside of Egg Rock, on Sunday, May 29,
were overtaken by a squall Avbich overset tbe boat, MUls was
drowned and Forbes was taken up, in an insensible condition,
by a passing schooner, and carried to Boston,
A man ran round Lynn Common on the evening of June 3,
on- a wager, in two minutes and three quarters.
On the nights of the 4th and 5th of June tbere were severe
frosts,. Independence was celebrated in Lynn, in a very pleasant

i ANNALS OP LTNN — 1859, 457
manner,_ A long procession, consisting of milifcary and fire
companies,^ city officials and other dignitaries, with numerous
decorated carriages containing the pupils of the public schools,
moved through the principal streets, accorapanied by bands of
music, A collation was prepared on the Common, and short
addresses were made by the Mayor and others. In the evening
there was a display of fireworks. The day was also celebrated
at Swampscot,
On Tuesday, July 19, Mr, Fenno went out from Swampscot,
in a boat, to fish ; subsequently the boat was found drifting and
Mn Fenno was missing, though bis hat reraained in tbe boat.
On the 28th, his body was found floating a short distance from
the Ocean House.
A grand regatta took place at Nahant,, on the 22d of July.
The prize contended for was an elegant silver pitcher.
On Sunday evening, July 31, a fire occurred in Healey's Ar
cade, at the west end of the Common, damaging the same to
the amount of some $2,000. The stocks in tbe stores were
likewise considerably damaged,
A horse mackerel was taken off Bass Point, Nahant, on the
3d of August, measuring between nine and ten feet in length
and six feet in girth, and weighing six hundred and fourteen
pounds. 1
On the afternoon of August 12, as a train Avas passing on the
Eastern Rail-road, a few rods east of the Swampscot depot, it
ran into a herd of cows wbich were .feeding on the track. The
engine, tender, and a baggage car were thrown from tbe track,
down an embankment, and several of tbe cows were kUled,
There was a briUiant display of the northern lights, on Sun
day evening, August 28, The whole heavens were overspread,
Obarles Frost was run over by a fire engine, in Market street,
on the evening of August 31, and instantly kiUed, ,one of the
wheels passing over bis head.
In the early part of September, some twenty spots were
observed on the surface of the sun, distributed in clusters.
In September, a lady living in Lynn, feeling a prickling' sensa
tion in her heel, examined and found protruding a needle, which
frora certain circumstances she was convinced Avas one that sbe
ran into ber foot eleven years before. In all that time it had
not proved troublesome ; and when extracted was as bright as
when new.
On tbe morning of Septeraber 2, tbe heavens were tinged
by an aurora of a deep red hue. In the southwest it appeared
like the reflection of a conflagration. ^
Tbe engine house, corner of Ash and Elm streets, was burned,
together Avith nine hundred feet of hose, the hose carriage, and
other property, on the night of Sunday, October 2.
M2

458 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1860.
Two barns on the Hood Farm, Water Hill, were destroyed
by fire on the morning of November 10, together with fifty tons
of bay, and a large quantity of vegetables. And on the night
of tbe sarae daj', the barn of Daniel Fairchild, on Boston street,
was burned, three horses perishing in the flames.
A large barn, belonging to John Mansfield, in the south viUage
of Lynnfield, Avas bu,rned on the 18th of November, Two yoke
of oxen and two horses perished in the fire.
On Sunday evening, Noveraber 20, the Union street Metho
dist raeeting-house was totally destroyed by fire. A Sunday
school concert was being held in tbe building at tbe tirae, and
sorae five hundred persons, a large portion of whom were chil-
,dren, were in attendance ; but all safely retired. The loss was
about $8,000. The bell, organ, clock, and part of the Sunday
school library were lost.
The church bells were tolled in Lynn, at sunrise, noon, and
sunset, on Friday, Deceraber 2, on account of the execution of
John Brown, at CharlestoAvn, Va., on the charge of treason,
growing out of an arraed attempt to free slaves.
So many fires had in recent years occurred in the woods,
destroying such quantities of wood which bad been prepared
for fuel, as well as that standing, that a serious depreciation in
the value of wood land seemed likely to ensue. Several large
proprietors, awakening to the necessity of some action, made a
move for the protection of their interests. Their direct efforts,
perhaps, secured no conspi,cuous result; but by arousing atten
tion and operating on public sentiment some good Avas effected.
Rewards have been offered by tbe authorities, from tirae to
tirae, for the detection of rogues setting such fires. In the
spring, when the earth has become dry, and before the new
verdure has put forth, the greatest danger exists ; arid many a
boy, by carelessly throwing down a lighted match has been the
instrument of great mischief; to say nothing of those wbo are
so abandoned as to Avantonly destroy the property of others.
The fact that tbe fires most frequently occur on Sunday is sig
nificant.
I ¦ 1860.
' On the afternoon of January 6, three young men walked
across the harbor, on the ice, from near tbe south end of Com
mercial street, to Bass Point, Nahant, No one had before so
crossed at a point so far out, for some twenty years.
The brick school house, in Woodend, which AA^as built to
supply .the place of tbe Avooden structure destroyed by fire, on
the 21st of January, 1859, was dedicated on the Sth of February,
The Lynnfield Agricultural Library Association was founded
on the llth of February.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1860. 459
A great Shoemakers' Strike commenced in Lynn, in February.
No occurrence of the kind in tbis part of the country perhaps
ever before created such a sensation. Processions of workmen
paraded the streets, day after day, with music and banners.
Large delegations of operatives from otber places joined. And
in several instances — on one occasion during a snow storm —
large bodies of females appeared in the ranks ; for the shoebind-
ers were also on a strike. On the 16th of March, a really im
posing spectacle was presented. Several military and' fire
companies belonging to Lynn and other places, numerous de
tachments of strikers from neighboring toAvns, and hundreds
of women, formed in grand procession with the Lynn strikers
and marched through the streets with bands of music, flags, and
banners with devices. They moved in as close order as is
common with such bodies, and tbe procession was something
more than half a mUe in length, and nurabered, at different
points, from three thousand to five thousand individuals. The
day was very pleasant, and the demonstration passed off in an
•orderly manner. In the early part ofthe strike there was a
good deal of excitement; and the city authorities, not deeming
themselves sufficient for the emergency, sent to Boston for a
detachment of police officers and took means promptly to secure
other support from abroad should necessity require. After
coritinuing about seven weeks, tbe great ferment quietly sub
sided. There was very littie violence — a wonderfully small
araount, considering the raagnitude of the interests supposed to
be at stake, and the energy with which tbe war of words was
kept up. The object of the strikers was the sarae that is com
mon in all such moveraents ; naraely, the obtaining of raore
adequate rerauneration for labor; for it was alleged that at tbe
current rates very few found it possible to obtain a decent
livelihood. On tbe otber band, the raanufacturers raaintained
that under existing circumstances, it was not in their .power to
pay higher prices. There was probably a misconception of
facts on both sides. The whole trade had, in truth, through
the instruraentality of sorae who had raade heedless haste to
be rich, and others, who had operated in ways positively dis
honest, been brought into an unhealthy condition, a condition
where it was necessary that sorae remedy should be applied.
But whether a resort to such raeans as a general strike was the
most expedient remains problematical. Yet the result did not
seem to be mischievous. The energetic discussions that took
place opened the way for a better understanding. Many facts
were brought to light, useful to employers and employed. The
suspension of labor prevented tbe accumulation of large stocks
on the hands of the manufacturers, which stocks, no doubt,
would in many cases have been disposed of, on credit, to south-

460 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1860
ern dealers, who, judging from the experience of some Lynn
people, about that time, touching southern integrity, would not
have been over-anxious that the spirit of rebellion should be
curbed till they had time to discharge their obligations.- Though
I perhaps no definite and conspicuous result of t^is famous Strike
could be shown ; yet it is far frora certain that it was not bene
ficial. Each party saw raore clearly the strength and weakness,
the wants and difficulties, of the other, and the friends of justice,
on both sides, had the means furnished for a more inteUigible
vicAv, The whole country seemed to have their eyes moraentar
rily turned on Lynn, and through the daily journals and illustra
ted weeklies, her travail was magnified to an extent far beyond
what was dreamed of in ber own borders.
On Sunday morning, February , 19, Dr, Ezekiel P. Eastraan
died, aged 42. He had practised in Lynn for a number of years,
was a skillful physician, and possessed attractive manners. '
Tbe Mechanics' Steam Mill, on Broad street, near the foot of
Market, Avas burned on the evening of March 12, together with
one or two other frame buildings,, occupied for mechanical
purposes. Loss, about $8,000,
John Wballdy, a partially deaf man, was killed on the rail-road
track, near Market street, being struck by a locomotive, on
tbe 23d of March,
The Third Baptist Sodiety in Lynn, was formed this year;
and their meeting-bouse, near Dye House village, was dedicated
on tbe afternoon of Wednesday, May 16,
There was an uncommon drought during tbe spring of this
year. The first rain for forty-ine days fell on the 19th of May,
Vegetation, however, did not materially suffer, the dews being
heavy and the sun not in its sumraer position.
The Universalist meeting-house in tbe centre viUage of Sau
gus was dedicated on Thursday, the 24th of May. The Univer-
salists had succeeded to the first Calvinistic church property,
and having disposed of tbe old meeting-house, wbich stood in
the Square, and wbich was built in 1738, erected theii- new
edifice. Tbe ancient bouse was steepleless, and certainly not a
very elegant specimen of architecture; but its history is interest
ing. It was there that the celebrated Parson Roby preached, so
many years. Tbe spot wbere it stood was purchased by the
town to be retai^ied as a public ground,
St. Andrew's Episcopal Chapel, in the ancient Gothic style,
was built this year, on Ontario Court, and first opened for service
on Sunday, June 10,
Rev._ Sumner Ellis was instaUed pastor of the First Universal
ist Society, in Lynn, on tbe afternoon of June 13,
A comet was just visible to the naked eye, in June, Its tail
was about four degrees in length, and pointed upward.

ANNALS' OP LTNN — 1860. 461
On Friday, June 29, a severe thunder storm occurred. It
coramenced about. six o'clock in the afternoon, and continued
tiU nipe, with scarcely an intermission. There was sorae haU ;
th§ wind blew with great fury, and torrents of rain fell. The
house of Stephen Lewis, on Fayette street, was struck by the
Ughtning, and slightly damaged. The meeting-house in the
south viUage "of Lynnfield was also struck.
The Methodist meeting-house, in Saugus, east vUlage, was
entered on Sunday night, July 8, aqd robbed of a hundred yards
of carpeting. Tbis was the second time that the carpets of this
house were stolen.
There was a muster of the fire companies of Essex county, at
Lynnfield, on the 18th of July. Many firemen frora Lynn at
tended, though the authorities would not suffer the engines to
be carried.
An extraordinary meteor appeared in the heavens at about
ten o'clock, on tbe evening of July 20, It raoved slowly, in a
southeasterly direction, leaving a lurainous train which was
visible for about a rainute, Tbe meteor resembled two bright
balls as large as full moons,
A turtle, weighing thirty-five pounds and' raeasuring, on the
shell, thirteen by seventeen inches, was taken from Stacey's
brook, in Woodend, in July,
The jewelry store of George H. Moore, on Market street,
was robbed at noon, August 16, of some twenty watches and
other articles, of the value of about $400. ^
On the afternoon of August 8, the barn of Henry Clay, in
Lynnfield, was struck by lightning, set on fire, and entirely
consuraed, together with a large quantity of hay and other farra
property, John Denier, a tight rope perforraer, walked upon a single
rope' a distance of fourteen hundred feet, at Nahant, on the
afternoon of August 16. The rope was stretched high above
Canoe Beach, in the rear of Nahant House. A very large con
course witnessed the dangerous feat. And on the afternoon of
the 27th, he walked up a rope one inch and three quarters in
diameter, stretched from the top of a three story building on
the southwest side of Exchange street, in Lynn, to a derrick
erected near, the entrance of Mount Vernon street, and per
formed sundry astonishing feats — among tbem hanging by one
foot, head downward — Avhile on the rope, many feet above tbe
heads ofthe crowd of spectators.
On the 22d of August a swing-tail shark was captured in a
net, by Chandler Lewis, of Swarapscot, a short distance frora
the beach. He measured ten feet in length. This species is
very rare on our coast.
The new light house on Minot's Ledge was lighted for the first
M2*

462 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1860.
time on tbe night of Wednesday, August 22. The Ught, how
ever, was only sbpwn toward the shore, it being merely an
experimental Ughting. It began to be regularly lighted on the
night of Thursday, Noveraber 15.
A sun-fish was caught near Egg "Rock, in August, weighing
about two hundred and fifty pounds.
A sraall encarapraent of the Penobscot tribe of Indians erected
tbeir wigwaras on Phillips's Point, Swarapscot, in tbe latter part
ofthe suraraer, and pursued their trade of basket making.
On the night of tbe 7th of September, a fire occurred on
Beach street, at tbe wood and coal wharf of Breed and Thing,
A heap of about three thousand tons of coal took fire and con-,
tinued to burn two days, notwithstanding the efforts of the fire
department to extinguish it, aided by a steara fire engine from;
Salem. The coal and hay sheds, were destroyed, and a large
portion of tbe coal and wood either burned or thrown overboard.
Loss, about $9,000.
Early on Sunday morning, September 16, the baking estab
lishment of Nathaniel Holder, on Pine Hill, was burned. Four
valuable horses perished in the flames. Loss, about $4,000.
The carpenter shop of N. P. Boynton, on Broad street, was
destroyed by fire, Septeraber 30. Loss, about $1,200.
The planet Venus was distinctly visible to the naked eye, at
about eleven o'clock on the forenoon of October 11. The sun
was shining brightly.
The Lynn post office was broken into on Sunday night, Octo
ber 14, and robbed of a quantity of postage staraps, a small
amount of money, and a large nuraber of letters. Many of the
letters were afterward found, broken open and rifled, some near
the High School -house, and some at Oak Island.
A slight shock of an earthquake was felt on the morning of
Oct. 17. There was a rumbling sound and the earth trembled.
Tbe Prince of Wales passed through Lynn at about ten o'clock
in the forenoon of Saturday, October 20. The special train in
which the august youth journeyed, raade a slight pause at the
Central Station, and he stepped upon the platforra of his car, '
thus vouchsafing to some of the anxious crowd gathered^in the
Square a glimpse of his royal person. Some preparations had
been made to receive bim, and divers of the city .officials were
present, but he did not appear to appreciate tbe honor.
The Republicans bad a grand torch-light procession on the
evening of the 30th of October, Music, illuminations, fireworks,
and bonfires abounded, , Brilliant lights were placed upon tbe
stone posts that surround tbe Comraon, making a fine shoAv,
The procession numbered from twelve to fifteen hundred. The
demonstration was in favor of Mr. Lincoln then a candidate for
the presidencv. The other parties also had their demonstrations.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1860. 463
On Saturday night, November 3, the severest storra of the
season occurred. There was a strong easterly'wind and a high
sea. The Gazelle, a smaU vessel belonging to Gloucester, broke
from ber raoorings at Swampscot and was driven ashore at
King's Beach, where she went to pieces.
On the 6th of Noveraber, Micajah BurriU of Woodend, aged
96, was at the polls and voted for Mn Lincoln for president.
He voted for Washington at the tirae of his election.
Captain Ammi Smith, of Lynn, was master of the ship Oliver
Putnam, which foundered at sea, this yean After tbe ship
.went down the men reraained eleven days in an open, boat, sub-
isubsisting on two biscuits and a pint of water a day. A Dutch
bark, bound for Rotterdam, finaUy picked them up and carried
them to St. Helena.
Early on the morning of Saturday, November 24, a severe
southeasterly gale set in, which was particularly disastrous to
the shipping at Swarapscot ; more so than any other that had
occurred for many years.
In the letter part of November, Zachariah Phillipsj of Lynn,
during four days' fishing from his dory, in the bay, experienced
in a singular manner the vicissitudes of a fisherman's luck. His
first day's catch sold for 25 cents. That of one of the other
days sold for $21.00. And taking the whole four days together
he realized $46.50. The fish sold for three cents a pound, on
the beach, and were chiefly cod.
The cars began to run on the horse rail-road, through Lynn,
on the 29tb of November.
Market street was lighted by gas, for the first time, on Friday
evening, December 7.
Cars commenced running over tbe Cliftondale horse rail-road,
frora East Saugus to Boston, Deceraber 26.
The sessions of the Probate Court in Lynn were discontinued
tbis yean
There was a very large crop of fruit this year ; particularly
of apples and pears ; and the quality was superior.
The fire departraent was called out fifty-six tiroes dmdng the
year, seventeen of which were frora false alarms. The whole
loss by fire was about $32,000.
By the census taken this year, Lynn was found to contain
19.087 inhabitants ; Lynnfield, .866 ; Nahant, ,380 ; Saugus,
2.024; SAvampscof, 1.530,
The valuation of real estate in Lynn, this year, was $6,291,460;
personal, $3,357,605 — total, $9,649,065. The rate of taxation,
Vas $8.80 on $1,000, Number of ratable polls, 3.933. City
debt, $107,600. By turning to date 1850, the increase of ten
years may be determined. But it should be borne in raind that
Nahant and Swampscot were set off during the period.

464 ANNALS OF LTNN — x861.

1861.
Friday, 4 January, was observed as a national fast, in view
of the threatening aspect of public affairs.
An extraordinary change in the weather took place during a
few hours preceding sunrise, on Friday, the 8th of February.
On Thursday the air was raild, the thermometer standing at
forty-five degrees, at two o'clock, in the afternoon. About t|iat
time a change coraraenced, the cold increasing rapidly, tiU Friday
morning, when the thermometer stood at twenty-one degrees
below zero. Thus, between two o'clock on Thursday afternoon
and eight on Friday morning, the thermometer fell sixty-six
degrees. On the night of 18 February, a barn, on Howard street, be
longing to James E, Barry, was burned. Two horses perished
in the flames.
A severe storm occurred on Saturday evening, 9 March. Con
siderable damage was done to tbe shipping at Swarapscot. And
again on the 22d of March tbere was a heavy blow, and whUe
the sea was running high a vessel was discovered sorae two
miles off the eastern point of Nahant, rolling heavily at anchor,
with aU her masts gone excepting a portion of the mizzen. She
proved to be the bark Nonpareil, Capt. Flynn, frora Palermo, for
Boston. She was finally taken safely to Boston, by a steam
tug. No lives were lost.
A snow storm commenced 1 April, during Avhich eighteen
inches of snow fell.
The brick Catholic Cburcb, at the eastern end of South Com
mon street, was buUt this year. It was the finest and most
costly church edifice tbat had been buUt in the place.
Port Surapter, in the harbor of Charleston, S, C, was attacked
by the South Carolina forces on Friday, 12 April, And this
was the comraenceraent of the terrible civil war which wiU
forever remain a marked point in Araerican history. Presi
dent Lincoln iramediately issued a proclamation calling out a
portion of the militia of the several states, Lynn was instantly
aroused to a high pitch of patriotic fervor. In five hours after
the requisition arrived, tAvo full companies were armed and
ready for duty. And in tbe eleven o'clock train of tbe next
forenoon — Tuesday, 16 April — they departed for the south,
araid the cheers and sobs of the iraraense concourse who had
gathered in Central Square. These two companies — the Lynn
Light Infantry and Lynn City Guards — forraed a part of the
Eighth Regiraent of Massachusetts troops, which becarae so
celebrated in tbe early part of the war, for discipline, prorapt-
ness and heroisra. These troops were called for three months'
service. And just before their departure it was announced to

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1861,

465

them that six hundred dollars had been contributed for each of
the companies. The names of those who so promptly responded
to their country's call, in the day of her perU, are worthy of re
merabrance, and are here inserted. Others would have gone had
there been tirae for equipraent, as is shown by the terse des
patch sent to head quarters — " We have raore raen than guns —
what shall Ave do ? " The names of such ofthe regimental officers
as belonged, to Lynn, are also given,
Timotht Monro?, Colonel.
Edwakd W, Hinks, Lieutenant Colonel,
Ephraim A, Ingalls, Quartermaster,
Roland G. Usher, Paymaster,
Bowman B. Breed, Surgeon.
Warren Taplet, Assistant Surgeon,
Horace E, Munroe, Quartermaster Sergeant.
Compan't D — Lynn Light Infantry. '
Greorge T. Newball, Captain — Thomas H. Berry, First Lieutenant — El
bridge Z. SaundersoD, Second Lieutenant — Charles M. Merritt, Fourth Lieu
tenant -^ William A. Eraser, Henry C. Bun-ill, 'William H. Merritt, and George
E, Palmer, Sergeants — Daniel Raymond, Henry G. Conner, Henry H. Good
ridge, and Horatio E, Macotnber, Corporals — James O. Clarrage, Musician,

Alley, James D.
Andrews, Oscar D.
Atkinson, Charles O.
Bailey, Geoi-^e W.
Bartlett, Alonzo W.
Bates, Lewis H.
Beri-y, William H,
Besse, Francis E.
Carpenter, Henry A
Caswell, William
Cilley, John W.
Clement, Oscar H
Coe, John T.
Curtis, George
Dudley, Alonzo G,
Elder, Josiah L.
Eraerton, 'William W.
Fales, Charles
Foss, Williara H.
Foster, George W.

privates.
Foster, Samuel
Foxcroft, George A.
Foye, John
Fraser, Joshua H,
Hills, Edwin T,
Hixon, E. Oswell
Hoyt, Wheelwright
Jones, James E,
Keene, William H,
Keith, Friend H,
Kelley, James D.
Kimball, Edwin H,
Lambert, Daniel
Lock, James
Lougee, John E,
Martin, John M.
Merrill, Arthur T.
Merritt, George G.

Nichols, John H,
Nichols, N. A.
Noonan, Daniel
Oliver, Harrison
Oliver, Stephen A,
Patten, John B.
Patten, Thomas P,
Pierce, Levi M.
Pousland, Tbomas J.
Reed, Samuel A. ' ,
Remick, Samuel D.
Sanborn, Joseph R,
Smith, Frank M.
Sweetser, Charles H,
Tarr, John S.
Trask, Israel A.
Tuttie, Lyman M.
Wentworth, Rufus O
Whitriey, J. A. P.
Williams, J. Henry

Mudgett, Isaac N.
Newhall, Henry A,
CoMPANT F — Lynn City Guards.
James Hudson, jr., Captain — Edward A. Chandler, First Lieutenant —
Henry Stone, Second Lieutenant — Matthias N. Snow, Third Lieutenant —
Hanson H. Pike, George Watts, George E, Stone, and Timothy Newton,
Sergeants — James R. Downer, George Harris, Josepb W. Johnson, and
Jeremiah Towlin, Corporals — Edward D. Clarrage, Musician.

Alley, James E,
Alley, Richard
Bailey, William E.
Barker, Patrick W,
, Baxter John B,

PRIVATES.
Black, James O.
Boynton, Benjamin F, jr
Brown, Ezra W.
Brown, Jaraes W, .
! Brown, William B.

Caldwell, William
Campbell, George
Chase, Charles H,
Chase, John C.
Cryon, Thomas 30

466

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1861,

Dalton, Frank
Davenport, Charles
Davis, Henry S.
Donelly, James .E.
Dougherty, James B.
Edwards,' George
Estes, Jacob S.
Flanders, Augustus B.
Foster, John F.
Gilbert, John
Griffin, William H.
Grover, Benjamin P.
Harriden, Oscar
Harris, Edward
Hiller, Edward
Huniiewell, Francis
Ingalls, Abner
Johnson, Nathaniel
Kelley, Daniel
Kimball, Josiah F.
Kimball, Moses

Laborda, James S,
Lake, Charles H,
Luscomb, Murray
Mahoney, Dennis
Martin, Robert P.
McDavitt, William S,
Mead, Samuel
Mellen, Andrew
Millar, Andrew W.
Moulton, Edward
Moulton, James F,
Murray, James W.
Newton, William S,
Orr, Charles
Owen, Josepb
Peabody, Benjamin W-
Phillips, Daniel
Pike, William J.
Pratt, Daniel W,
Rand, Benjamin

Reed, Orson R,
Reynolds, Andrew T,
Reynolds, John W,
Rhodes, Isaac N,
Rowe, George W,
Rowe, William B,
Sargent, Albert
Sargent, George W,
Snow, Warren
Sparks, Uriel
Swan, George W,
Sweetser, George W,
Taylor, Henj-y
Thompson, Samuel
Tufts, William F,
Tutt, Benjamin
Webster, Samuel
• White, George H.
Wilson, William B,
Young, Hugh

And many ofthe foregoing were soon in higher positions than
they at first occupied. But with their departure tbe zeal of the
citizens by no means subsided. Meetings were held, funds were
subscribed by individuals and appropriated by tbe city govern
ment, new corapanies were raised, and every thing Avas done
that could be expected of a loyal and patriotic people. A mass
meeting was held at Lyceum Hall, on the afternoon of Monday,
22 April, at which a considerable sura was subscribed for the
benefit of volunteers, stirring speeches were made, and divers
aniraating pieces played by a band of music. The following
preamble and resolutions were passed by acclamation.
Whereas, The country has been plunged into civil war, by tbe rash, tritor-
ous, and unjustifiable action of the leaders in the so-called Confederate States;
therefore, 1. Resolved, That we, in the hour of peril to the nation, to free institutions,
to life, liberty, and social well-being, unite as one man to uphold our govem
ment, and to defend our country.
2. Resolved, That as our fathers pledged to each otber their "lives, their
fortunes, and their sacred honor," to establish the institutions under which
we have lived, so we now renew this pledge, to maintain those institutions,
and to hand them down, intact, to bur children,
3. Resolved, That the present crisis bas been forced upon us, lovers of
peace and ofthe Union ; and that there is left for us nothing but to rally about
the government, which has shown itself forbearing, and whose efforts for a
f)eaceful settlement have been met with bravado, insolent contempt, and war-
ike opposition.
4. Resolved, That it is the duty of every citizen to stand ready for the
performance of every work whicb the governmeut requires at his hand, till
tbe traitors shall desist from their unhallowed purpose, and peace be restored
to our distracted land.
5. Resolved, That Governor Andi-ew, General Schouler, and the civil and
military authorities ofthe state, have acted in an able, prompt, and patriotic man
ner, in this trying crisis ; and that their efficient action is deseiving of all praise.

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1861. 467^
6. Resolved, That the action of our City Govemment, in making an appro
priation for the support of the families of our brave and deA'oted,volunteers,
meets the exigency ofthe hour, and receives our hearty approval,
7, Resolved, That the prompt response of the Eighth Massachusetts Reg..
iment, to whicb so many of our citizen soldiers are attached, together with the
dispatch "We have more men than guns — what shall we do?" proves the
loyalty of our citizens, and inspires us with the belief that the glorious old flag
shall fiot be trailed in the flust, nor be wrested, by ti-aitor hands, from its right
ful guardians, an acknowledged majority of American citizens.
Enlistments now went rapidly on. The whole comraunity
seemed fully awake to the deraands of the calaraitous exigency.
The ladies applied theraselves diligently ih the preparation of
clothing and other things necessary and convenient for tbe
departed and the constantlj'-- departing soldiers. Flags were
kept flying in every direction, and druras were beating at all
hours. And those other places, the offspring of good old
Lynn, which are naraed in the title-page of this work, raanifested
tbe sarae zealous and patriotic spirit. It would be an exceed
ingly agreeable task to give in these pages a circurastantial
history of events here, as connected with the war, and to
record the narae of every one who went out frora araong us to
battle for the honor of his country. But it will be at once
seen that such a thing would be irapossible. The raost tbat can
be done will be to note the raore prominent occurrences, God
grant that all who survive may have a reward here commensu
rate with their labors and sacrifices, and that all who perish
may receive a reward in the better land.
On the morning of May 4th, the grocery store of Robert
CoUins, corner of Franklin street and the Turnpike, was con
sumed by fire, with aU its contents. The adjacent out buUdings
were also consuraed, and the dwelling of Mr, Collins was sorae
what daraaged. Loss, about $2,500,
The ship Ab^lino, Capt, Ammi Smith, of Lynn, Avas captured
by a rebel privateer, 20 May, while on her passage from Boston
to New Orleans, with a cargo of ice. This was one of the first
of such seizures in the wan The officers, crew, and vessel,
were, however, soon released.
On the first day of June, tbe Lynn horse cars began to run to
Boston. On Sunday, 2 June, Julia, aged ten years, a daughter of John
Pitzpatrick, an overseer in one of the Saugus woollen factories,
died of the terrible disease of hydrophobia. She was slightly
bitten by a smaU dog with which sbe was famUiar ; but littie or
nothing was thought of it at the time. Six weeks aft^r, wlnle
at school, she was taken with spasms and soon died, in great
agony. ti i t x 4.
The brick school-house, on the west side of Franklin street,
was dedicated on Monday afternoon, 24 June.

468 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1861.
A great colnet suddenly appeared ih July. It.'w-as first seen
on T^uesday evening, the 2d, and was very bright, I was stand
ing on the slope of the hUl, near Sadler's Rock, at dusk, con
versing with a friend. On looking up, as one or two of the
brighter stars began to appear, he remarked, " Why, there is a
strange looking star," As the darkness increased, the propor
tions of a magnificent comet became developed. On the follow
ing evening the celestial stranger raade a still more imposing
appearance. Its position was a very little west of north and it
was finely delineated, from the tail which spread out into a
silvery light at the zenith, to the bright nucleus at the horizon.
Observation deterrained that it was moving with extraordinary
rapidity ; an4 it was soon beyond the vision of the unassisted
eye. One remarkable fact about this comet is that its tail, which
was upwards of ninety degrees in length, actually carae in con
tact witb the earth. In the report of the visiting committee of
the Carabridge observatory to the overseers of the college —
which report, by the way, was signed by our eminent townsman,
William Mitchell, as chairman — it is stated that the comet was
subjected to a rigorous examination and its path marked with
great care, its position being determined at forty-nine periods.
And the report adds tbat as soon as its real motion was ascer
tained, it became evideut that its train had SAvept the earth ;
and subsequent observations, both in this country and Europe
showed tbat only three days previous to its sudden apparition
in our heavens a part of the train must ha've been in actual con
tact with the earth. It is
an ancient superstition that
coraets portend dire calam
ities to raankind ; particu
larly wars. And that of
1858 and this of 1861, cora-
iijg so opportune for the
terrible civil war, will be
likely to confirm the appre- ,^__^_^__^_^____
hensions of some unculti- Comet or 1861.
vated rainds.
The Lynn soldiers who so promptly responded to the call of
the President, and on the 16th of AprU hastened southward,
returned on the first of August, tbeir three months terra of ser
vice having expired. And tbey had a very enthusiastic and
gratifying pubUc reception. ' The City appropriated $500, and
individual UberaUty^ contributed a large additional sum, to make
the occasion one of uncommon display. Not a raan of the whole
regiraent had died during its absence. Col. Munroe had re
signed, 12 May, and returned horae, and Lieut. Col, Hinks had
succeeded him. The reception was quite imposing. There

'4^* ^ M fig '-- ^2_
• -ft .ill.

NAHANT HOTEL.
Destroyed by fii-e on the night of September 12, 1861, (See page 469.)

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1861, 469
was a large escort of raUitary and fire corapanies, and public
and private places were profusely decorated, business Avas sus
pended, and the large body of the population Avere in tbe streets.
The procession Avas soraething raore than au eighth of a mile in
length, and moved through the principal neighborhoods, the
bands playing, church bells ringing, and guns firing. At about
seven o'clock a collation was bad at Exchange HaU ; and when
the hungry stomachs bad been supplied the patriotic tongues
were loosed. And the whole furnished a notable instance of
the liberal bestowment of well-earned honors.
. The Union street Methodist meeting-bouse (St, Paul's) was
dedicated on Thursday afternoon, 1 August,
On Thursday night, 12 September, the spacious buUding
known as Nahant Hotel, was destroyed by fire. It was an
immense structure of wood, Avith the exception ofthe smaU part
buUt in 1819, wbich was of stone ; was in sorae parts three and
in others four stories in height ; was something more than four
hundred feet in length, and contained three hundred rooms. It
was sufficient for the accommodation of a thousand visitors at a
time; six hundred could be seated together in the dining haU;,
magnetic telegraph wires connected it Avith Boston ; and it had
every appliance of a first class public house. The conflagration
made a striking display as seen from Lynn and the adjacent
places. And it was observed from vessels a great distance
at sea.
In September the little green in Washington Square, at the
junction of Nahant street and Broad, was enclosed by a neat
iron railing, and otherwise improved. The ladies held a fair, on
May-day, to raise funds to defray the expense. The cost was
$550, An encarapraent was formed at Lynnfield, at which a number
of regiments were drilled, preparatory to leaving for the seat
of war.
Thursday, 26 September, was observed as a national fast.
In October, Miss Mitchell, whose astronomical observations
and discoveries at Nantucket had made her name familiar to the
scientific world, removed witb ber accomplished father, WiUiam
Mitchell, to Lynn, Besides several sraaller instruments, used
at her former residence, sbe brought witb ber a beautiful equa
torial telescope, which she bas since constantly applied to vari-
jus original researches, the principal and perhaps the raost
important of Avhich are observations on the phenomena of the
double stars or binary systems. The telescope was the gift of
a few friends of both sexes, and no pains were spared in its
construction. It was raade by Alvan Clark and Sons, of Cam-
brigeport, and is unquestionably among their best productions.
The telescope is furnished with all the appliances belonging to
N2

470 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1862,
the largest class of instruments, measuring circles of right as
cension, and declination, has clock-work, and raicroraeten It
has six eye-pieces of powers from fifty to three hundred. The
telescope and equatorial apparatus are connected to a heavy
iron tripod resting on a firm piece of solid masonry, whose base
is sufficiently below .the surface of the ground to be secure
from the effects of frost and the tremor of passing carriages in
the street at a distance of two hundred feet. The observatory
is a circular building of great simplicity, with an ordinarj' roof
revolAring hy means of iron balls running in grooved circular
plates, thus enabling a narroAv scuttle in the roof to be turned
to any part of the heavens.
Ou Tuesday afternoon, 26 November, Phipps Munroe, a mas
ter carpenter, and ranch respected citizen, aged fifty-one, was
instantly killed by a revolving shaft, at the raorocco factory of '
Souther and Blaney, on Market steet. The shaft was raaking a
hundred and eighty revolutions a minute, and it was supposed
his clothing Avas caught, and he dashed against the beams, which
were but about fourteen inches above the shaft.
1862.
On Saturday raorning, 22 March, the dry goods store of S, J,
Weinburg, on Market street, was a good deal damaged by fire.
On Monday morning, 7 AprU, Sagaraore Cottage, which had
been the horae of Mn LeAvis, for nearly twenty of the last years
of his life, Avas partiaUy burned. It was at the time occupied
by Mrs, Lewis and her Uttle boy of four years. They were
aroused in tirae to make their escape, by a dog kept on the
premises. Most of the movable property was saved. The
building, though rauch daraaged, was soon- repaired.
At Pranker's factory, in Saugus, 8 AprU, a steam copper cyl
inder, weighing about two hundred pounds and being a foot
and a half in diameter and four feet in length, used for drying, ,
Buddenlyburst, while revolving with great rapidity, Mn Tobin, '
the raan in charge, was throAvn sorae ten feet and considerably
injured,_ The force of the explosion was so great that several
large windows were broken, and the iron frame that supported
the cylinder was snapped to pieces, and thrown about with
great violence,
Capt, Henry Bancroft's barn, in Lynnfield, was burned early
on Sunday morning, 4 May, together witb bis carriage-house
and other out buildings, A horse and several coavs, were
burned. Loss, about $4,000.
On Monday evening, 14 July, a large and enthusiastic war
meeting was held at Lyceura HaU. And on tbe evening of
Tuesday, 22 July, another was held en the Comraon, And on
Saturdav. 26 July, stiU another was held on the Common, Sim-

ANNALS OP LTNN— 1862. 471
liar meetings Avere likewise held in August. The places of busi
ness .were closed at two o'clock in the afternoon of Tuesday,
26 August, and on eacb day for the reraainder of the week, that
the afternoons might be devoted, to obtaining recruits.
On the afternoon of 30 July, during a thunder storm, George
L, Hanson of Portland street, was seated near a window, in his
house, Avhen he was suddenly thrown a distance of nearly ten
feet, receiving such a shock as rendered him apparently lifeless.
His Avife iraraediately closed his nostrils and breathed into his
mouth; other restorative means were applied, and he soon
returned to consciousness. It was not known that the lightning
struck any where in the viciiyty. And Mn Hanson neither saw
Ughtning nor heard thunder.
On Sunday afternoon, 31 August, an enthusiastic war meeting
.was held on the Comraon. Religious services were oraitted at
all the churches excepting the First Baptist, and the clergy
very generaUy attended and took part in the raeeting, Tho
day was pleasant, and a very great crowd assembled, including
a body of soldiery. Stirring speeches were made, and national
pieces Sung and played by tbe military band. There was liker
wise an interspersion of religious exercises. During the latter
part ofthe evening, there was a large gathering in front \of the
City Hall. And the result of the moveraents of the day was
the securing of a considerable number of enUstments,
On Thursday, 4 September, a grand pic-nic party under the
auspices of the Spiritualists, was held at Dungeon Rock. Some
two thousand persons of both sexes and all ages were present.
There was speaking, music, and dancing. Mediums were in
attendance, and divers revelations raade. The day was pleas
ant, and the proceedings went forward with spirit. No more
delightful or romantic place could be found for such a gathering.
This |Was the first of a nuraber of sirailar asscrablages in tbat
attractive locality.
The 8th of October was tbe warmest October day since 1807,
the thermometer i^eaching ninety degrees, in tbe sbade.
On Sunday afternoon, 19 October, the funerals of two de
ceased soldiers — John C, Dow and Solomon Martin — both
victims ofthe battle of Antietara — took place; that ofthe first
named from the Christian Chapel, on SUsbe street, and tbat of
the last from the Second Universalist meeting-house, Tbey
were attended by a large concourse, including the principal
city authorities.
The house of WUUam Cheever, in Saugus was burned on the
night of 3 November,
The SAvarapscot Library Association was forraed tbis yean
On the 5th of November, the bodies of two brothers — Charies
J, Batchelder and George W, Batchelder. were buried from the

472 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1863,
First Methodist meeting-house. Both were in the service of
tbeir country, Charles, who was a lieutenant, died at ,New
Orleans, of fever, and George, who was a captain, was kiUed at
tbe battle of Antietara. There was a very large attendance,
erabracing the city authorities and a considerable body of rail
itary ; and the services Avere peculiarly irapressive and affecting.
This, and the other railitary funerals mentioned under this date
were the first of a large nuraber, which would be separately
noticed did space permit.
There was an extraordinary yield of fruit this year, in this
vicinity, and it was more than usually excellent.
During the auturan of this year, a Soldiers' Burial Lot was
laid out in Pine Grove Cemetery. The City appropriated five
hundred doUars for the object. ' Tbe lot is on the corner of Lo
cust, and Larch avenues, is square, contains three thousand and
six hundred square feet, and is surrounded by a border of twelve
feet, for trees, shrubs, and flowers.
As evidence of the patriotism of some of our famUies, it may
be mentioned tbat Otis Newhall, superintendent of Pine Grove
Cemetery, and Edmund Waitt, of Strawberry avenue, each had '
five sons in the Avar, this year ; and John AUej', 4th, had four.
The most atrocious raurder ever coramitted in Lynn was
perpetrated early in the evening of 23 December, Nathan
Breed, jr., an ^estimable citizen, aged thirty-eight, Avho kept a
grocery store on Summer street, corner of Orchard Court, was
kiUed by terrible blows from a small axe, inflicted chiefly on
tbe bead. Tbe horrid deed was consummated in a most daring
and merciless manner. He was in his store, and it was an hour
when customers were especially liable to call. The murderer
must have watched his opportunity, and done the deed Avith
fearful expedition. The assault was made between six and
seven o'clock, and Mn Breed lingered till three in the raorning.
He had his senses, and declared that bis raurderer was a young
man named Horace L. Davis, who lived in tbe neighborhood,
and whose age was about seventeen, Davis Avas arrested and
tried for tbe raurder, but the jury could not agree on a verdict,
being divided on the question of mental capacity; but he sub
sequently pleaded guilty to tbe charge of manslaughter, and Avas
sentenced to the state prison for twenty years,
1863.
Rev, Charles W. Biddle was installed pastor of the First Uni
versalist Society, on Thursday afternoon, 5 February.
On the morning of 12 February, the Sash'and Blind Factory,
on Essex street, near tbe Swampscot line, was destroyed by fire,
Tbe Uttle fishing schooner Flying Dart, of Swarapscot, Avith a
crew of twelve men, on the 25th of February brought in 14,000

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1863, 473
pounds of fish, caught by them that day. The fish were readily
spld at an average rate of two cents a pound,
nit'^^^^^ ^^^ *° interval of severe cold, near the middle of
March, On the 14th, the thermometer reached twelve de
grees belovt^ zero. The winter had been quite open, hereabout,
but It was judged to have been very severe at the north, frora
the number -of arctic birds that visited us. Pour large arctic
owls were shot during one week, at' Nahant and on the beaches,
and several eagles appeared on the marshes.
The Kerosine Oil Factory of Berry and Hawkes, on Hawkes's
HiU, in East Saugus, was burned, 20 March.
Capt. John B. Hubbard, of Gen. Weitzel's staff, was killed in
ba,ttie at Port Hudson, in May, He was prihcipal of the Lynn
High School at the time of his enlistment. He Avas a son of
a former governor of Maine, a graduate of Bowdoin CoUege,,
and highly esteemed, whUe here, as a teacher and a man.
The large steara bakery of Thomas Austin and Company, on
Water Hill, was burned on the morning of 29 May,
The Boston and Lynn Horse Rail-road conimenced running
cars to Chelsea Beach, on the 1st of June,
Extraordinary numbers of caterpillars appeared in the summer
of this year. So numerous were they that in many instances
trees bad to be abandoned to their ravages. Canker worms
were also very abundant and destructive.
The barn of Nathan Breed, on Broad street, was burned,
June 2, the fire being occasioned by attempts to destroy, by
fire, tbe caterpiUars on the fruit trees near by,
Lieut, Col, Charles Redington Mudge w!as kiUed at the battle
of Gettysburg, 3 July, He Avas the eldest son of E. R. Mud^e,
of Swarapscot, and twenty-three years of age ; Avas an officer
of great proraise, and at the tirae he was killed was in coramand
of the regiment, gaUantly leading on a charge. He graduated
at Harvard, with the 1860 class.
The church bells were rung, cannon fired, and bonfires lighted,
on the 7th of July, in rejoicing over the fall of Vicksburg.
Liberty Hose House, ou Willow street, was burned 30 July,
An enthusiastic reception of the Lynn soldiers belonging to
the Eighth Regiment, took place on the 30th of July, on tbe^
return from their nine months' service. There Avas a very long
procession of military, firemen and citizens; beUs were riing,
cannon fired, and welcoming speeches made ; raany dwellings
and public places were decorated ; and a collation was served
on the Common,
Thursday, August 6, was observed as a day of national thanks
giving, in vieAv of tbe successes of our arms.
The dwelling house of Prank Fiske, in Cliftondale, was burned,
September 15,
N2*

474 ANNALS OF LTNN — 1864.

1864.
A Avar meeting was held at Lyceum HaU, on Sunday evening,
January 3, which was largely attended and enthusiastic.
Frederic Tudor died at his residence, in Boston, on Saturday
afternoon, I^ebruary 6, aged 80. He was born in Boston, in a
house which stood on the site of the present Tudor's BuUding,
in Court street, on the 4th of September, 1783. His grandfather,
John Tudor, emigrated from Devonshire, England, to Boston,
and his Father, William Tudor, was born in Boston, and^ served
during Itie Revolution as Judge Advocate General of the army
under Washington. Daniel Henchraan, who planted the cele
brated old elm on Boston Comraon, was his raaternal ancestor,
and perhaps from him he inherited that taste for tbe culture of
trees whicb is evidenced by the groves now flourishing on Na
hant, And this Daniel Henchman, by the way, was grandfather
of Rev. Mn Henchman who was settled over the Lynn church
from 1720 to 1761'.
Mn Tudor married, in 1834, Miss Eupheraia Fenno, a native
of New York city, and left six cfhildren, the eldest of whom was,
born in 1837, and the youngest in 1854. Their names are as
foUoAvs : Euphemia, now a naturalized French lady, the Countess
KleezkoAvska; Frederick; Delia J.; WUliam ; Eleonora; Henry*
Mr. Tudor is justly entitied to be called the father of the
great New England Ice Trade, which was coraraenced as early
as 1805, In 1834, he sent his first' cargo to the East Indies,
and soon found himself in a highly lucrative business. He early
became charmed by the beauties of Nahant, and in 1825 built
his stone cottage and laid out his picturesque grounds there.
And he continued, from year to year to reside there during the
warm season, and expend large sums in beautifying the peninsula
and adding to his possessions. There is unquestionable autho
rity for stating that during the last thirty years of his life
he expended not less than $30,000 dollars annually — making
$900,000 for that period alone. Previously be bad spent large
sums in building, improving roads, and planting trees. He Avas
a man of great decision of character, promptness in action, and
impatience of interference Avith his plans. Towards strangers
he raanifested great courtesy and did much to render their
visits to Nahant agreeable. Tbe inhabitants, at their annual
toAvn meeting, 12 March, 1864, unanimously adopted resolutions
expressive of tbeir sense of loss and appreciation of his Avorth
and generosity.
On the evening of February 8, Henry Neill, aged 49, was
killed at the Central Rail-road Station. He jumped from the
platform of a car and fell in such a raanner that the wheels
passed over his neck, nearly severing his head.

ANNALS OF LTNN — 1864, 475
»
Rev. Parsons Cooke, D, D,, minister of the First Church of
Lynn, died on Friday afternoon, 12 February, He was born
in Hadley, 18 February, 1800, Avas the son of Solomon Cooke, a
respectable farmer, and a descendant from Capt. Haron Cooke,
conspicuous among the early settlers of that vicinity.
Mr. Cooke graduated at WUliams College, in 1822," and studied
theology under Dn Griffin, president of that institution. In
June, 1826, he was installed over the East Evangelical Church
in Ware, Avhich was his first settlement. There he remained
till April, 1835, and then accepted a call from a society in Ports
mouth, N, H, In the latter place he continued about six
months, and in 1836 accepted the call of the church at Lynn,
and reraained its pastor to the end of his life. On the 5th of
June, 1826, he raarried Hannah Starkweather, who died July 2,
1852, and by whora he bad no children. His second wife, whom
he married July 20, 1853, Avas Mary Ann W. Hawley, of Bridge
port, Ct., and by her he bad one son, born 27 October, 1855.
Mr. Cooke early displayed a love of controversy, which it
may be said grew with bis groAvth aud strengthened with his
strength; so his life was not distinguished by tbat pacific
course which many believe is most strongly inculcated in the
gospel of peace. His mind was of such an order that he rapidly
arrived at conclusions, tenaciously held to them, and was not
remarkble for his gentle bearing toward those who differed from
him. His perceptions were quick, and he bad an abundance of ,
natural wit, wbich, unfortunately, was liable to exhibit itself in
the degenerate form of sarcasra. His reasoning powers were
evidently good; but yet he possessed such an unaccountable
vein of creduUty, tbat their best fruits seeraed soraetimes never
to ripen, A reference to his work entitled " A Century of
Puritanism and a Century of its Opposites," will be sufficient
to satisfy any one acquainted with our history, of the truth of
these remarks. Some of the honest individuals wbo supplied
him witb information would, doubtless, have been more guarded
in their expressions, had they observed tbis peculiarity of his
mind. But it is difficult not to conclude that others deUberately
imposed upon bim. It cannot be supposed tbat be m-ade any
ofthe reraarkable stateraents without a fuU beUef of their truth;
and it is surprising that he forbore the slight examination neces
sary for the detection of sorae of the more patent errors. He
was often boldly charged, in the newspapers, with wilful misrep
resentation ; but I see no necessity for the charge of Avilfulness,
and apprehend that be was simply ensnared in the way indicated.
His style of composition Avas not what rhetoricians caU elegant,
but was well adapted to controversial purposes. The sentences
were short, direct, and without any waste of words. He evi
dently thought more of what he was saying than how he spoke.

476 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1864.
Dr. Cooke was a high Oalvinist, and often cast a fond look
backward, upon the " old paths," sighing that tbere had been
such a general departure from them. He was an industrious
and faithful minister, so far as pulpit preparations were con
cerned; but he visited little among the people of bis charge. His
power and delight lay rather in the use of the pen than in per
sonal intercourse. His ministry here was successful ; his pari-
sioners were ranch attached to him, and regarded him as one
of raore than ordinary power. And bad it not been for his
unfortunate disposition to controversy, there is little doubt that
his abilities would have coraraended him to the favorable regard
and respect of the theological world in general. It raay readUy
be adraitted that he thought it a duty to always have bis pungent
pen ready dipped for the defence of the truth and the deraolish
ing of error, as he deeraed thera ; but the way in which things
are attempted often has great influence on the result. The
severity witb whicb be speaks, in his " Centuries," of some of
his predecessors in the pastorate of the First Church, and the
little respect he seems to have entertained for their memories,
lead to the conclusion that he did not consider that church s
one that had been conspicuously blessed in her ministry. With
some of his estimates I cannot agree, and think that in other
parts of this volurae may be found such authenticated state
ments as wiU show tbat be labored under raistakes. And it is,
further, a raatter of regret that he should have taken occasion
to give what is beUeved to be an undeservedly dark coloring to
the morals, intelligence, and manners of the people of Lynn.
The pulpit oratory of Mn Cooke was not pleasing to those
unaccustomed to it; the delivery was rapid, in a high tone, and
witb very little intonation ; but his appearance was dignified.
He was not an adept in music, and took no part in the choral
pbrtion of the service. In person he was comraanding, being
considerably above the ordinary stature, but symmetrical. His
habits Avere sedentary, and in part, no doubt, the occasion
of his last protracted and painful sickness. He suffered greatiy
for tAvo years, but witb the resignation that always character
izes tbe good man. Immediately before his death, in a still
watchful anxiety for the souls of his charge, be dictated, and
witb a tremulous hand signed, the foUowing — the ever-living
testimony of a dying Christian.
. T ^ , Ltnn, Feb. 8th, 1864.
As 1 am about to close my ministry and my life, I have one thing to say to
my people — That all the support that I find in a dying Ijour, are the doctrines
of grace I have preached, which centre in Jesus Christ and him crucified and
are to my heart a faithful saying and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ
Jesus came into the world to save sinners, of whom 1 am chief; and that these
I would commend to the acceptance of all, with my dying breath.
Parsons Cooke.

ANNALS OP LTNN — 1864. 477
The- publications of Mn Cooke Avere numerous. The tities
of his books, in brief, raay be given as foUows.
1. Modern Universalisra Exposed.
2. A History of Gerraan Anabaptisra.
3. The Divine Law of Beneficence.
4. Recollections of Dn Griffin.
5, A Century of Puritanisra and a Century of its Opposites,
The foregoing were all in book form, and besides thera he
published sorae twenty pamphlets — sermons, addresses, tracts,
&c. And in speaking of his industry with the pen it should
likewise be mentioned that for about tAventy years he was one
of the regular editors of the Puritan newspaper, whicb publi--
cation was coraraenced at Lynn and afterward removed to Bos
ton, See under date 1840,
Mr. Cooke was the first minister who died whUe settled over
the First Cburch, for a li.ttle more than a century, Mr. Hench
man, who died in 1761, having been the last one before him who
died in the pastorate. And it may ,be noted as a coincidence
that Mr. Henchman was born in the first year of century 1700,
as Mr. Cooke Avas in the first year of century 1800; and they
attained very near the same age,
A great easterly storm coraraenced on the 29th of March, and
continued till the 2d of AprU. Tbe wind blew with great vio
lence, and the sea came in furiously. The beacon on Dread
Ledge, an obelisk of granite, twenty-five feet, in heigbt and
three feet square at the base, was broken off near the centre,
Tbe fine suraraer residence of Benjamin T. Repd, at Red Rock,
was destroyed by fire on the night of April 8.
The school-house on Howard street was destroyed by fire on
the morning of June 8, ^
Saturday, June 25, was the warmest day in Lynn, of which
there is any record. The therraoraeter reached a hundred and
four degrees in the raost shady places. At five o'clock in the
afternoon it stood above a hundred. The next day, Sunday,
was nearly as warm. The sarae remarkable degree of heat
was experienced in other parts of New England,
The extensive soap manufacturing establigbment of George
E. Emery, on Chesnut street, near Gravesend viUage was de
stroyed by fire on the night of June 26.
A severe drought prevailed this summer, and destructive fires
took place in the woods in tbe latter part of July,
A threatening fire occurred on Federal Square, near Water
Hill, on the afternoon of July 22. It coramenced in tbe bakery
of Isaac H, Tarbox, consumed four frame buUdings and injured
several others.
The first steam fire engine owned by the city arrived in town
on the llth of August. It received the name " City of Lynn."

478 ANNALS OP LTNN — 1864.
Mackerel appeared on the coast, in great abundance, during
the early part of the autumn. The' crew of the littie fishing
schooner Minnehaha, of Swampscot, on the 18th of September,'
off Boon Island, caught three hundred and fifty barrels. And
the crew ofthe Flying Dart, of the sarae place, at another point,
took a hundred and thirty barrels in sorae four hours.
At about five o'clock on the morning of Thursday, October
6, the City HaU, on South Comraon street, head of Blossom,
was discovered to be on fire, and was soon destroyed. It was
of Wood, and not a very comely structure. A good representa
tion of it may be found on page 591, accorapanied by a brief
historical sketch. In the northeast corner of the building, on
the first floor, was the Lock-up, a place for the temporary con
finement of offenders, and on the same floor were ^he City ,
Clerk's office, the Mayor and Alderraen's roora, and the offices :
of tbe Police Justice and City Marshal. On the upper floor
were tbe Police Court roora, tbe office of the Clerk of the
PoUce Court, and tbe Comraon CouncU room. In the Lock-up
an unfortunate man, named Joseph Bond, aged about forty years,
was confined, and being unable to extricate himself and no help
seasonably arriving, though bis shrieks were heard, he was
burned to death. It appeared that be was a man of generally
correct habits, but on tbe occasion of his arrest had from some
cause become turbulent.
On Thursday evening, October 27, the Feraale Benevolent
Society celebrated their fiftieth anniversary, by a gathering and
an entertainment at Armory HaU. This society was forraed in
1814, by benevolent ladies belonging to the different religious
societies, and has ever continued to flourish, dispensing, in an
unostentatious way, blessings to thousands.
On the 2d of November the two Lynn companies of the
Eighth Regiment returned from three months' service, and
were welcomed by a public parade and an entertainment ; in
the former of which the fire departraent joined, and in the latter
bf which the good old Yankee dish of baked beans held a prom
inent position.
There was no Indian sumraer this year ; a thing hardly ever
known within the taeraory of raan.
On the 10th of Deceraber tbe schooner Lion, from Rockland,
Me,, loaded witb granite, was wrecked off Long Beach, and all
on board — six in number — perished, A violent storra prevailed,
and it was very cold. Though the cries of the hapless mariners
were heard upon the Beach, they couW not be rescued.
The Franklin Trotting Park Hotel, in Saugus, (Cliftondale,)
was, witb its contents, destroyed by fire, on the night of Dec. 19.
And here, with the pear 1864, we close our Chapter of Annals,
embracing tlie record of two hundred and thirty-five years.

AUTOGRAPHS,

Several of the following fac-similies appear in other connections in this
volume; but it was thought that the reader would be pleased to see them
collectively on one page, with those that do not elsewhere appear. It is an
old fancy that the character of an individual may be determined by his hand
writing; and to those who entertain it, autographs are peculiarly iuteresting.
The star distinguishes those who were born in Lyiui.
The references to pages show where accounts of the individuals may be
found; though in most instances they are spoken of in several ' places, which
may be ascertained by referring to the index.

eirSnTH a /l

Samuel Whiting, S^r — settled-
over the First Church of
Lynn, in 1030, continuincr ia
the pastorate 43 ye.-irs. AVrit-
tesi in 1679, at the age of 82.
p. 267.
George BurriU — head ofthe
family ouce called the roy
al family of Lyun. Writ
ten in 1653. p. Ii5.

Jeremiah Shepard — successor to Mr. Whiting, and
flrst minister in the Old Tunnel Meeting-house,
where he preached 37 years. Written in 1689, at
the age of 41. p. 314.

* Ebenezer /Jrrar/ — " Uncle Eben." — Written in J796,
at tho age of 31. p. 5.9

¦j^t,^^ i^,^icM^ Mi^^M"^^^^

* Tliomas NetphciU — the first person of
Kuropean parentage born in Lynn.
Written in io77, at the age of 47. p.4S2.

Mnn Pitcher —the fortune-teller. Writ
ten in 1770, at the age of 32. p. 374.

T^^^^^hr^ ^^ y^^

Tllomaft Laightan
conspicuoiiH settler.
1008. p. io5.

active and
Written iu

George Gray— ihe hermit ofLynn. Written in
1843, at the age of 73. p. 419.

e?^'i^X<p

¦nu>m.ns 75ex<er — a prominent and enter
prising settler. Written in 1057. p. 119.

-e^^z-^^.

*Alnmo lewis — Lynn bard and historian.
Written in 1831, at the age of 37. p. &U.

^^,<:^^c^-^x^<^c^

* ^^arirl .liu/wfa Ffrffer — writer
of pros- and poetry. Written
• in 1829, at the ago of a. p. »U5.

fCharli-s /'-. LMMWw-' — Hrst printer in Lynn.
ten iu 1832, at the age of 31. p. 511.

Writ-

CHAPTER III.

, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
Introductory Remarks, page 479— Biographical Sketch of Tbomas Newhall,
482— John Burrill, 489 — Ebenezer Burrill, 492— Jacob Newball, 494 —
William Gray, 496— Micajah Collins, 500 — Solomon Moulton, 502—
Maria Augusta Fuller, 505 — Charles F, Lummus, 511 — Elijah Downing,
519— Ebenezer Breed, 519 — Enoch Curtin, 528— Josiah Newhall, 533 —
Edward L, Coffin, 533 — Enoch Mudge, 536 — Asa T, Newball, 537 —
Ezra Mudge, 538 — Francis S, Newhall, 539 — Isaac Newhall, 540 — Isaiah
Breed, 541 — George Hood, 542— Alonzo Lewis, 544— Daniel C, Baker,
566— Bemamin F, Newhall, 567,
INTRODUCTOET EEMAEKS.
It is too often the case that those individuals whom a com
munity delight to laud and magnify, are those who, through
sorae fortuitous circumstance, unsupported by anything beyond
a comraon share of talent or virtue, have become conspicuous.
And if a cotemporary historian, perceiving the deficiency, and
in tbe honest desire to deal justly, does not place thera in the
popular light, he is liable to be charged with prejudice or lack
of discernraent. But he raust not be troubled at this ; reraera
bering that his duty, in a great degree, pertains to the future,
to the time when the meretricious mantle of an unsound popu
larity has fallen. His duty is to celebrate deeds of virtue and
usefulness, however humble in their generation raay be the
instruraents who perforraed them. But if tbe historian be not
cotemporary, he must depend on recorded and traditionary
accounts ; in which case, though safer frora criticism, he may
not be so succe^ssful in developing the truth or deducing the
proper lesson, for he must be governed by what may be the
mistakes, prejudices, or whims of others,
(479)

480 HISTOET OP LTNN,
The few Biographical, Sketches which follow, relate only to
natives of Lyiln, In the pages of Annals numerous notices of
prominent individuals frora other places, Avho took up their
abode here, raay be found ; but it was thought proper to make
a distinction between tbem and those who were born on our
soil, I have endeavored to present such characters as on the
whole seemed best calculated to raake useful and agreeable
irapressions ; but that raany others who have passed- aAvay were
deserving of honorable mention is most certainly true; and
nothing but the imperative requirements of limited space pre
vented a large extension of the Ust. And then tbere is the great
body of those of whom no record reraains. Beneath the sods
bf the Old Burying Ground repose an innumerable company
of tbose whose names will stand high in a better book than this,
but who lived in retireraent and departed in silence.
Men Avho are themselves destitute of principle usually find it
hard to believe that others act from principle. And raost people
live on, almost exclusively with a view to the present, the pass
ing tirae ; thinking only of their position in the coraraunity by
which tbey are surrounded, of their possessions, of the raany
eyes tbat are turned upon them in admiration or envy. But
there are, happily for our race, some with more comprehensive
minds; sorae who realize their dignity as men; with concep
tions not circumscribed by time and place, but recognizing their
duty to mankind in general, and tbeir responsibUity to tbeir
Maker, And it is refreshing to contemplate the lives of such
though their companionship raay have been with the raost lowly.
When raen seriously reflect on tbeir ways, they seldora fail
to corae to the conclusion that they are capable of better things
than they have ever accomplished ; and conceited as it may
seem, of most people it is true. These reflections make thera,
restless and discontented ; and they should see to it that their
better energies be put forth. And how raany of us pass our
whole lives in an atraosphere of pure selfishness, never realizing
that our obligations extend beyond ourselves and those imraedi
ately dependent on us. It were better, perhaps, that tbe sordid
and vicious should pass recluse lives ; but the virtuous and
wise should bestir theraselves among men, tbat others raay be
benefited by their good examples and superior wisdom, I am

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES — INTRODUCTOET EEMAEKS, 481
persua|ded that in former times the public position of a raan was
a much surer index of his real merits, than it is at present ; and
think that in the following pages something will appear to
sustain the view.
Who does not love to contemplate the character of a true
man. And the nearer his position in life may have been to ours,
the more direct the lesson taught by his history ; for we may
be animated by siraUar hopes, struggling with sirailar difficulties,
beset by sirailar temptations, quickened by, sirailar affections,
Bnt tbere can be little benefit in contemplating the characters
of others, however good or great, unless we strive to follow th©
exemplar. It is thought that tbe reader will at once recognize the pro-
jjriety of excluding frora this Chapter of Biographies all who are
not natives. There certainly should be sorae distinction pre
served. Mr. Lewis often, and at times with asperity, complained
that Lynn was not true to her own children ; that, for instance,
those frora other places were generally called to fill her positions
of honor and emolument. And there Avas raore truth and sa
gacity in many of bis tart observations on the subject than
some were wiUing to admit. She has not, in this particular,
done the best for herself; for it cannot be expected, in the
ordinary course of events, that tbose from abroad should feel
the same interest in her honor and prosperity that her own sons
would. The adopted child is not apt to take that lively interest
in the welfare of a household whicb the native born does.. Many
of her children, driven away, as it were, have become eminent
abroad, and employed for the benefit of others those talents
which should have enriched her.
Our task is undertaken for more than one purpose. It is
desirable to perpetuate the names of sorae of the Avorthy ones
who have adorned our history ; and if we can present a little
something that will profit or entertain, there will a pleasure ih
the labor. There wiU be a constant endeavor to pursue a
course free from prejudice or unmerited adulation. Truth is
a thing exterior to man; and Avhatever he may do cannot
change its nature ; and we hope to keep the fact in view, though
it is so difficult, in reUgion, in politics, in any thing, to avoid
acting as if mere belief were truth itself
02 31

482 HISTOET OP LTNN,
THOMAS NEWHALL— 1630-1687.
Perhaps the miost notable circurastance regarding this indi
vidual is tbat he was the first white child born in Lynn. - His
father, who also bore the christian narae of Thoraas was one of
the earliest settlers, and Uved on the east side' of Federal street,
a few rods south of the raUl brook, owning all the lands, on that
side, between the Turnpike and Marion street. The elder
Thoraas had another son, John, wbo was born in England.
He likewise had two daughters, Susanna and Mary. The former
married Richard Haven, and became maternal ancestor of one
of the most respectable of Araerican famUies. See page 186.
Mary married Thomas Brown, and had several children,
Thomas NewhaU, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1630,
and was baptized by Rev, Mr, Bachiler, the first minister of
Lynn, on the first Sunday after his arrival, being June 8, 1632,
A rather comical scene occurred at the baptism, Christopher
Hussey, who was a son-in-law of Mr, Bachiler, and who proba
bly induced tbe reverend gentleman to come here, had a child,
named Stephen, to be baptized at the same tirae ; and Mn Bach
iler, as Thoraas was first presented for the holy rite, unceremoni- •
ously put him aside, declaring that he should baptize Stephen,
who appears to have been named for his' reverend grandfather,
first, Mr, Lewis seeras to have thought a sort of faraily pride
induced this raovement, which struck hira as an indignity toward
Thoraas ; but it should, perhaps, be viewed in the light of a com
pliment. It may have been that Stephen was noisy and turbu
lent, insomuch that the old gentleman was ashamed of hira and
anxious to hurry hira out of sight, while Thoraas was quiet and
well-behaved. But it is not important to pursue the inquiry.
At the age of twenty-two Mr. NewhaU married Elizabeth
Potter, who I think was a daughter of Nicholas Potter, a tci«q
concerned in the Iron Works, but who afterward resided at
Salera and was called a bricklayer. It is, however, I believe,
someAvbere stated by Mr. Lewis, that she was a daughter of
Robert Potter, who was here for a short tirae among the very
first settlers ; but I am confident this is a mistake. Por some
facts concerning this Robert Potter, see page 126,
No striking events appear in the Ufe of Mr NewbaU. Indeed,
seated here, iri a little forest opening, amid a population that

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES — THOMAS NEWHALL. 483
could almost be numbered in an hour, with no stirring incidents
to mark the years as they rolled by, there Avas little opportunity
for one to make himself conspicuous, whatever his talents or
ambition. But from the frequency with whicb his name appears
on the records, connected with trustworthy transactions, it must
be inferred tbat he was a man of integrity, and one in Avhose
judgment much reliance was placed. And he seems to have
had a very fair education. On page 126, is a fac-simile of his
signature. And it is th.ere stated that tbe two last letters were
supplied. Since the engraving was raade I have seen one or
two other signatures of bis, which correspond in a reraarkable
degree; and it is hardly possible to discover any difference
between the supplied letters and those made by his own hand .
It seems appropriate and con- ^
venient to have the fac-siraile "^iHymc^ vitM^^ci^^
likewise introduced in this con- signature of Thomas NewhalL
nection, Mr, Newhall died in March, 1687, his wife having died a few
weeks before. He was the father of ten children ; and for
many years, if, indeed, not to the present time, the NewhaU
family has certainly been deserving of coraraendation for its
fecundity if for nothing else,
I now propose to give a genealogical view of the principal
branches of the great Newhall faraily descending frora this our
common ancestor. It would, hoAvever, be impossible here to
follow the blood in all its windings. A large volurae would
scarcely afford sufficient space for that. But enough Aprill be
given, it is thought, to enable any one of the family to trace
his connection. Great pains have been taken to have the record
correct; but still the most patient investigation and diligent
inquiry amid so many entanglements and positive contradictions
may not meet with the reward of entire success. Numerous
records and documents, besides those in the meagre archives
ofLynn, have been examined. Indeed, if Lynn alone had been
depended on, the information would have been most imperfect
and unreliable. If all our public records were as defective as
the few that survive, their loss is not much to be deplored, for
they must, at some periods at least, have abounded with obscu
rities and ridiculous errors. Some years ago several of tho

484 HISTOET OF LTNN,
old books were copied, at some cost. And an opportunity wag
thus afforded to multiply the errors ; an opportunity which, I
am sotry to say, did not pass uniraproved.
Though the great progenitor of the Newh&U faraily, was
Thomas, father of the subject of this sketch, yet there was an
Anthony NewhaU here, in 1636, who, in tbe division of lands,
in 1638, had a grant of thirty acres. He Avas, however, for a
time a resident of Salem, He died 31 January, 1657 ; had a son
John, who married Elizabeth Normanton, 31 December 1656,
and probably otber children, as in his will are found tbe names
of Richard and Elizabeth Hood, grandchUdren, But it does not
appear that any of the present NewhaU families of Lynn can
trace their origin to him. I thought that John might have
been his only male chUd, and that be, perhaps, had no raale issue ;
but Farraer seems to raake bim progenitor of Dr. Horace and
Rev, Ebenezer NewhaU, who graduated at Harvard in 1817 and
1818 In what follows, the numerals placed before the names indicate
the generation to which the individuals belonged,
I. Thomas, As just observed, this individual, the great progenitor of the
Newhalls of Lynn, came over in 1630, and located on the east side of Federal
street. n. Thomas. This is the personage whose name stands at the head of
this sketch — a son ofthe preceding, and the first white person born in Lynn,
He man-ied, 29- December, 1652, Elizabeth Potter, and became the father
of ten children, viz: Thomas, born 18 November, 1653; John, b. 14 Feb-
i-uary, 1656 ; Josepb, b. 22 September, 1658 ; Nathaniel, b. 17 March, 1660 ;
Elizabeth, b. 21 March, 1662, and living but three years ; Elisha, b. 3 Novem
ber, 1665; Elizabeth again, b. 22 October, 1667; Mary, b. 18 February, 1669;
Samuel, b, 19 Januai-y, 1672 ; Rebecca, b. 17 July, 1675.
ni. Joseph. Thil, the third son of II. Thomas, was bom 22 September,
1658. He married Susanna, a daughter of Thomas Farrar, in 1678, and settled
in Lynnfield. He had eleven children, viz : Jemima, born 31 December, 1678 ;
Thomas, b. 6 Januaiy, 1681 ; Joseph, b. 6 February, 1684 ; Elisha, b, 20 No
vember, 1686; Ephraim, b. 20 February, 1689 ; Daniel, b, 5 February, 1691;
Ebenezer, b, 3 June, 1693 ; Susanna, b. 19 December, 1695 ; Benjamin, b. 5
April, 1698; Samuel, b, 9 March, 1700; Sarah, b, 11 July, 1704, This ia the
Joseph, without doubt, who perished in a great snow storm,
IV, Benjamin, son of III, Joseph, bora 5 April, 1698, mai-ried Elizabeth
Powle, 1 January, 1722, and had fourteen children, viz : Bridget, boi-n 30 No
vember, 1722 ; Mary, b. 11 November, 1724 ; Benjamin, b. 6 September, 1726 ;
Ruth, b, 13 Januaiy, 1729 ; James, b, 11 July, 1731 ; Isaiah, b, 24 March, 1734 ;—

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES — THOMAS NEWHALL. 485
(though this last name is plainly Josiah on the ancient town record, I am
confident that Isaiah is righit) — Joel, b. 22 December, 1735, who died at tlie
age of nine ; Aaron, b. 23 October, 1737, who died in infancy ; Aaron again, b. 26
March, 1740 ; Susanna and Elizabeth, twins, b. 22 December, 1741 ; Martha,
b, 23 Febi-uai-y, 1743; Catharine, b, 27 April, 1744; Joel, again, b. 17 Febru
ary, 1746.
IV. Samuel, bom 9 Mai-ch, 1700, son of IH, Joseph, was adopted by his
uncle, Thomas Farrar, jr., -who was a farmer, living on Nahant street, and who
by will gave him all the lands lying between Broad, Nahant, Sagamore, and
Beach streets. This Samuel married Keziah, daughter of Ebenezer Breed,
who lived in Breed's End, so called, 8 December, 1724, and had ten children,
viz: Anne, born 27 October, 1725, who married Matthew Estes; Elizabeth, b,
7 March, 1728 , Sarah, b. 20 August, 1730, who, at the age of seventy married
Abner Jones, of Amesbury ; Lydia, b, 14 January, 1733, who married Nehe
miah Johnson; Farrar, b. 15 February 1735; — (who, singularly enough, has
always been known as Pharaoh ; and indeed he himself, in writing his name
as I perceive by some old bills, adopted the Egyptian orthography) — Abijah,
b. 15 February, 1737, who married Abigail Bassett : Abigail, b. 4 March, 1739,
who married Samuel Purinton ; Daniel, b. 4 February, 1741 ; Rebecca, b. 28
October, 1743, who married Abner.Chase of Salem ; Ruth, b. 12 October, 1746,
¦who man-ied John Bassett.
V. James, This, the second son of IV, Benjamin, being a magisti-ate,
was long known as 'Squire Jim — (see under date 1781) — he mai-ried Lois
BurriU, daughter of Ebenezer, called Esquire, and granddaughter of Hon,
Ebenezer Burrill, 17 September, 1756, and had ten children, viz: Lois,
bom 9 July, 1757; Lydia, b. 21 August, 1759; Elizabeth, b. 23 June, 1761;
James, b. 2 June, 1763; Mai-tha, b. 25 Febmary, 1765; Benjamui, b. 27 Feb
ruary, 1767 ; Joel, b. 14 May, 1769 ; Mary, b; 7 September, 1771 ; James again
and Benjarain again, twins, b. 19 January, 1774 — and these twins, the former
of whom was uncle and the latter father of the writer lived to the respective
agesof80and83. V. Farrar, (or Pharaoh), the fii-st son of IV. Samuel, born 15 February,
1735, married his cousin Theodate, daughter of Jabez Breed, of Nahant street,
24 Aprilj 1764, and had six children, viz : Samuel, bom 9 March, 1765 ; Abner,
b, 24 September, 1767, and died in infancy; Winthrop, b, 6 June, 1769; Ab
ner agam, b, 19 July, 1771, who died unmarried at the age of thirty-two ; Syl
vanus, b, 18 July, 1773 ; Theodate, b. 6 February, 1776, who married Manuel
Austin; Francis, b, 23 September, 1778, who died at the age of nine,
V. Daniel, bora 4 Februaiy, 1741, son of IV, Samuel, and younger brother
if Pharaoh, married Hannah Estes, and had four children, viz: Estes, bom
9 September, 1770, and who died in 1857, at the age of eighty seven ; Deborah,
b. 5 December, 1772, who died young; Lydia, b, 16 March, 1775; Daniel, b.
21 November, 1778,
V, Josiah, whose father's name was John, and which John was doubtless
a grandson of II. TJiomas, man-ied Hannah Newhall, 24 December, 1740, and
had thirteen children, viz : Daniel, b, 15 November, 1741 ; John, b, 29 October,
02*

486 HISTOET OP LTNN,
1743; Josiah, b, 5 November, 1745; Hannah, b, 28 August, 1747; Lyflia, b,
25 September, 1749; William, b. 22 May, 1751; Joel, b, 19 February, 1753;
Nathaniel, b. 25 November, 1754; Micajah, b, 18 October, 1756; Jacob, b, 16
September, 1758; James, b, 26 May, 1760; Hannah, b, 30 July, 1762; Susan,
b, 3 August, 1764, who man-ied a Welman,
VI. Samuel, eldest son of V, Pharaoh, married Sarah Phillips and had seven
children, viz: Thomas F,, Phillips, Abner, Rebecca, Edward, Francis, and
Theodate. VI, Winthrop, second son of V, Pharaoh, married Betsey Farrington, and
had six children, viz : Francis S., Henry, Eliza, Sophia, Lydia, Horace,
VI. Sylvanus, youngest son of V. Pharaoh, married Lydia, daughter of Ste
phen Gove, of Seabrook, N. H., and bad five children, viz : Huldah B., Anne
M., Mary, Daniel Wendall, and Abigail C.
VI. EsTES, eldest son of V. Daniel, was for some fifty years an elder of the
Friends' meeting. He was twice man-ied, his first wife being Hepsabeth Wing,
and his second Miriam Philbrick, By his first wife he had children, Paul
W, and Abba ; by his second, two daughters wbo died young, and Joseph P,
VI. Daniel, youngest son of V, Daniel, married Mary, daughter of John
Bailey, of Hanover, Mass., and had seven children, viz : John B,, George, Hep
sabeth, Joseph, Isaac, Mary, Lucy,
VL William, son of V, Josiah, man-ied Martha Mansfield, 2 September,
1773, and had ten childi-en, viz : Mary, bom 22 May, 1774 ; Martha, b, 28 Jan
uary, 1778; Hannah, b. 6 September, 1780; Elizabeth, b. 31 August, 1782;
Nathaniel, b, 18 July, 1784; William, b. 3 August, 1786; Robert, b. 17 Feb
mary, 1788 ; Josiah, b. 7 January, 1790 ; Sally, b, 17 January, 1792 ; Frederic,
b, 1 August, 1795.
VI. Joel, born 19 February, 1753, also son of V. Josiah, married Lucy
Mansfield, 24 December, 1778, and had nine children, viz: Joel, b, 12 October,
1779; Isaac, b. 24 August, 1782; Samuel, b. 6 March, 1785; Cheever, b, 13
March, 1788;. Lucy, b, 4 April, 1790; George, b, 10 August, 1792: Edward,
b. 9 December, 1795 ; Horatio ; John M,
VI. Micajah, born 18 October, 1756, likewise son of V. Josiah, married
Joana Farrington, 10 June, 1779, and bad twelve children, viz: Josiah, b.
10 November, 1780; Nathaniel, b, 2 July, 1782; Micajah, b. 25 July, 1784;
Paul, b. 17 February, 1786; Otis, b. 6 January, 1788; Sarah, b, 17 August,
1789; Ellis, b, 17 August, 1791, who died in infancy; Ellis again, b, 7 March,
1793; Joana, b. 8 February, 1795; Hannah, b, 8 April, 1797; Susanna, b, 25
October, 1799; William, b. 13 January, 1802, who died in infancy.
The way is now prepared to give the lineage of certain indi
viduals of the Newhall family at present among us.
Aaron Newhall — dealer in coal and wood, south end of Market street, waa
son bf Aaron, who was bora 9 November, 1777, and was son of Aaron, who
was son of IV. Benjamin, who was son of III. Joseph, who was son of
n. Thomas.
Abner Newhall — who resides on Newhall street, was son of VL Samuel^

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES — THOMAS NEWHALL. ~ 487
who was son of V. Fan-ar, (Pharaoh,) who was son of IV. Samuel, who
was son of HI. Josepb, who was son of II. Thomas.
Daniel Wendall Newhall — who lives on Broad street, opposite Ex
change, was son of Sylvanus, who was son of V. Pharaoh, who was son of
IV, Samuel, who was son of HI. Joseph, who was son of IL Thomas,
Harrison Newhall — shoe manufacturer, at the east end of the Common,
was son of Josiah, who was son of VL William, who was son of V, Josiah,
who was son of John, of whom, in consequence ofthe difficulty of identifying
him among several of the name, I shall venture to assert nothing further
than that he was a grandson of IL Thomas,
Henry Newhall — president of Laighton Bank, was son of Xl. Winthrop,
who was son of V, Pharaoh, who was son of IV, Samuel, who vfaa son of
in, Joseph, who was son of H. Thomas,
Isaac Newhall — shoe manufacturer, residence near comer of Chatham
and Marianna streets, was son of VL Daniel, who was son of V, Daniel,
who was son of IV, Samuel, who was son of HI, Joseph, who was son of
n. Thomas.
James R. Newhall — whose name appears in the title page of thia volume,
was son of Benjarnin, -who was son of V, James, who was son of TV: Benja
min, who was son of HI. Joseph, who was son of II. Thomas.
John M. Newhall — shoe manufacturer, on Union street, was son of VL
Joel, who was son of V. Josiah, who was son of John, who was grandson
of n. Thomas. See remark under " Han-ison Newhall."
Joseph P, Newhall — shoe manufacturer, Exchange street, was son of
VL Estes, who was son of V, Daniel, who was son of IV, Samuel, who
was son of HT. Joseph, who was son of II. Thomas.
Josiah Newhall, (Gen, of Lynnfield) — was son of Jacob, who was son of
V, Josiah, who was son of John, who was grandson of II, Thomas, See
remark under " Harrison Newhall."
Otis Newhall — superintendent of Pine Grove Cemetery, was son of Allen,
who was born 6 March, 1771, and was son of Hanson, who married Hepsa
beth Breed, 6 February, 1766, and was son of Joseph, born in 1715, wbo was
son of Joseph, who was son of HI. Joseph, who was son of II, Thomas,
Paul Newhall — shoe manufacturer. South Common street, was son of
VI. Micajah, who was son of V, Josiah, who was son of John, who waa
gi-andson of H, Thomas. See remark under "Hai-rison Newhall."
Tbomas B. Newhall — Justice of Lynn Police Court, was a son of Asa T,,
of Lynnfield, who was bom 28 June, 1779, and was son of Asa, who was
bom 5 August, 1732, and was son of Thomas, who was sob of III, Joseph,
who was son of IL Thomas,
William M, Newhall — dealer in hard ware, in Exchange Building, Mar
ket street, was son of Jacob, of Saugus, who was born 1 November, 1780,
and married Abigail Makepeace, 22 September, 1801, and was son of Jacob,
known as Landlord Newball, bom 3 May, 1740, who was son of Locker,
bom 12 November, 1708, and was son of Jacob, born 27 March, 1686, who
was grandson of IL Thomas,

488 HISTOET OF LTNN,
The foregoing is perhaps sufficient to enable any one of the
family to trace Kis own pedigree, as it is hardly probable that
any can be found who do not claim near relationship to some
one at least of those named. The perplexities in preparing the
list were great, and tbe navigation araong the many Jameses,
Johns, Josephs, and Thomases, particularly difficult. Double
names began coramonly to be used about the beginning of the
present century. My grandfather, Avho died in 1800, had ten
children, not one of whom had a middle name. And my father^
who was born in 1774, had nine children, not one of whora was
destitute of a middle name. And this leads to a reraark con
cerning the bestowal of nicknaraes, which bas been considered
^n evU habit of our fathers. But the custom arose rather from
necessity. At one period there were eight persons here of the
narae of James NewhaU, not one of whora had a raiddle narae.
They were therefore distinguished as 'Squire Jira, Phthisicy
Jim, SUver Jim, Bully Jim, Increase Jim, President Jira, Nar
than's Jira, and Doctor Jira, 'Squire Jim received his appella
tion frora the circurastance of his holding a magistrate's corarais
sion, Phthisicy Jim was afflicted Avith tbe disease indicated
by the name.^ And probably the otber nicknaraes arose frora
similarly adventitious circumstances. While,' however, we ad
mit the necessity for distinguishing appellations, it raust be
granted that the nicknames were often more expressive than '
elegant. It is not easy to attain entire correctness in dates of birtns,
marriages, and deaths, so loosely were most of the records for
meriy kept. And there are constant disagreements between
public and private records. I have usually, in cases of doubt,
foUowed the public, for the private, though often found in the
Bible, experience has shown to be raost frequently erroneous.
Many disagreements occur frora an interraixture of the old and
new styles, some using one, some the other, and some both,
indiscriminately. Intermarriages between those of the same
surname likewise occasionally intervene, to enhance the per
plexity, I
But our remarks must be drawn to a close. As before ob
served, no striking events appear in the life of Mr. NeAvhaU,
the subject of this sketch; yet, inasmuch as he was the first

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES — JOHN BUEEILL. 489
person of European parentage born within our borders, and was,
withal, the ancestor of such a goodly faraily, he was worthy of
the first place. Could he return, and sound the multitude who
sprang from his loins, of Avhich of us would he have cause to be
proud, and of which ashamed?,, I can think of nothing that
would be more likely to astonish hira than the diversity in reli
gious profession. Even araong the small nuraber of tbose now
living, Avho have been naraed, he would find the Unitarian, the
Universalist, the Methodist, the Quaker, the Episcopalian ; and
the Congregationalist of his own order, with doctrines far more
temperate than harsh Shepard or even placid Whiting taught.

JOHN BURRILL. — 1658-172L
The individual whose name is placed above, was one of the
most eminent raen in the colony, for many years. He was born
at Lynn, on tbe 18th of Noveraber, 1658, and was the eldest son
of John BurrUl, distinguished as Lieutenant John, who was a son
of .George Burrill, Avho carae to Lynn in 1630, See page 115.
Mr. BurriU lived on the south side of Boston street, on the
western slope of Tower HUl. On the 28th of July, 1680, a
few months before he arrived at the age of twenty-two, he
married Mary Stowers, of Chelsea. Mr. Lewis says, " He gained
a reputation whicb few men who have since filled his stations,
have surpassed. The purity of his character and the integrity
of his life, secured to him the warmest friendship of his acquaint
ance, and tbe unliraited. confidence of his native town. Ho was
affable in his manners, and uniforraly prudent in his conduct.
His disposition was of the raost charitable kind, and his spirit
regulated by tbe most guarded temperance. He willingly con
tinued in the House many years, when he might have been
raised to a more elevated office ; and his thorough acquaintance
with the forms of legislation, tbe dignity of his deportment, and
the order which he maintained in debate, gave to hira a respect
and an influence, which probably no other Speaker ofthe House
ever obtained. Governor Hutchinson, in his History of Massa
chusetts, compares him to the celebrated WiUiam Pitt, Speaker
of the English House of Commons."
This is an honest tribute to a really valuable character. But

490 HISTOET OF LTNN.
it is not easy to see what induced Mr. Lewis to give Pitt as the
Speaker to whom Hutchinson compared Mr, Burrill, The Gov
ernor does not give a narae, but simply refers to tbe individual
as " the right honorable person who so many years filled the
chair of the House of Comraons with such applause," Did Pitt
ever fill the chair with applause ? He was erainent as a states
man, but not as a presiding officer. The "right honorable"
alluded to was undoubtedly Sir Arthur OnsloAv, Avho had the
reputation of being the most accoraplished Speaker the House
ever had. The foUowing extract frora a letter of Hon, Timothy
Pickering, dated Washington City, 28 February, 1809, and ad
dressed to Ebenezer BurrUl, at New York, is sufficient on this
point. And it will be perceived that the distinguished writer
of the letter hiraself alludes to his relationship to the Lynn
BurriUs, , , , " I received, last evening, your favor of the 25th,
If you are frora Lynn, in Massachusetts, no doubt we are, on
one side descended frora the sarae stock. My paternal grands
mother was Sarah Burrill, whose brothers were : 1st. John, of
whom Governor Hutchinson, in his History of Massachusetts,
takes distinguished notice ; he was Speaker of the House of
Eepresentatives, and is compared with the celebrated Sir Arthur
Onslow, the most eminent Speaker of tbe House of Commons,,
2d, Theophilus, who, I believe, had no children, 3d, Ebenezer,
from whom you may be lineally descended," Besides the three
brothers naraed by Mr, Pickering, there were Thomas and
Samuel, Mr, Burrill was a Representative in. tbe General Court, for
twenty-two years, was Speaker of the House ten years, and
Counsellor in 1720, remaining in the office till his death. He
was also Town Clerk thirty-one years. These facts are quite
sufficient to show that the public had an abiding confidence in
his ability and integrity. He was likewise a man whose advice
and assistance was much sought for among his neighbors. He
was ever ready to counsel, and, if need be, assist in a more sub
stantial Avay, as he was blessed with considerable means.
He died of the small-pox, on the 10th of December, 1721,
leaving no children. His grave stone may stiU be seen in the
Old Burying Ground near the west end of the Common ; and it
bears these lines :

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES — JOHN BUEEILL. 49J
Alas! our patron 's dead ! The country — court—'
The church — in tears, all echo the report;
Grieved that no piety, no mastering sense,
No counsel, graArity, no eloquehce,
No generous temper, gravitating to
Those honors, which they did upon bim throw,
Could stay his fate, or their dear Burrill save
From a contagious sickness, and the gi-ave.
The adjacent towns this loss reluctant bear,
But widowed Lynn sustains tbe greatest share ; ^
Yet joys in being guardian of his dust
Until the resurrection ofthe just.
The Boston News Letter of Monday, December 18, 1721,
contained the following notice, under date Lynn, December 11 :
" The last night the Honorable John BurriU, Esq., one of His
Majesty's Council and one of the Judges of the Inferior Court
of Common Pleas for the County of Essex, died of the* sraall-pox,
in the sixty-second year of his age. He had been for many
years Speaker of the House of Representatives, and behaved
himself in that chair Avith great integrity, modesty, and skill ;
having a just and equal regard to the honor of the governraent
and the liberty of the people; so that he was highly esteeraed
and beloved by both. He was a man of true and exemplary
piety and virtue, endowed with a very clear understanding,
solid judgment, and sound discretion. And God made him a
great blessing not only to his town and county, but to the whole
province, Isaiah iii. 1 : ' For behold, the Lord God of hosts
doth take away from Judah the stay and the staff — the judge —
and the prudent — the honorable — and the counseUor.'"
Hutchinson graphically observes that tbe House were as fond
of Mr, BurriU " as of their eyes," And be adds, in a note, " I
*bave often heard his cotemporaries applaud hira for his great
integrity, his acquaintance with parliamentary forras, the dignity
and authority with which he filled the chair, the order and de
corum be maintained in the debates of the House, bis self-denial
in remaining in the House, from year to year, when he might
have been chosen into the Council, and saw others, who called
him their father, sent there before him," And then follows
the comparison with " the right honorable person," before al
luded to,
Mr, BurriU was an active member of the old church of Lynn.

492 HISTOET OP LTNN.
His early years were passed under the teachings of tbe godly
Whiting, and through the long pastorate of Mr, Shepard, his
serene presence adorned the sanctuary. He was liberal in his
contributions ; and in his wiU, made four days before his death,
occurs this item : " I give and bequeath tq the Church of Christ
in Lynn, forty pounds towards y" furnishing of y° table of the
Lord." And upon several articles of the consecrated plate may
be seen engraved the Burrill coat-of-armsj rather an ostenta
tious display, to be sure, but one for which the deceased donor
is not to be held responsible.

EBENEZER BURRILL. -^1679-1761,
This Mr, Burrill was a younger brother of "the beloved
Speaker," was quite eminent in his day, and distinguished as
Honorable Ebenezer, He was born at Lynn, on the 13th of July,
1679, was a son of John BurrUl, known as Lieutenant John, who
was a son of George BurriU, the first of the name who settled
here, and wbo came in 1630.
Mv. BurrUl married Martha Farrington, and settled at Swamp
scot, on an estate given him by his father. The house in
whicb he lived is still standing, on the beautiful grounds of E.
R. Mudge, Esq., a few rods from his stone vUla, And the writer
may be pardoned for remarking that his inquiries regarding the
Burrill family have been somewhat minute, partly from an indi--
vidual pleasure in tracing family connections, as both his grand
mothers were granddaughters of the subject of this sketch —
one a daughter of his son Ebenezer, and the, other a daughter
of bis son Samuel,
Mr. Burrill had ten children, viz: Ebenezer, (called Esquire,)
born 6 February, 1702, Avho married Mary, daughter of General
Mansfield, and had eleven children ; John, b. 24 February, 1705 ;
Martha, b. 21 April, 1707; TheophUus, born 21 May, 1709 ; Mary,
b,,31 July, 1711; Eunice, b, 27 October, 1713; Lois, b, 7 Au
gust, 1715; Sarauel, b. 1 April, 1717; Sarah, b, 15 April, 1719;
Lydia, b, 25 February, 1721,
It would be interesting to foUow soraewhat at large the family
connections of Mr, BurriU, did space permit. It was his sister
Sarah, who married John Pickering of Salera, and became grand-

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — EBENEZEE BUEEILL. 493
mother of Hon, Timothy Pickering, His son Ebenezer, distin
guished as Ebenezer, Esquire, was Town Clerk seventeen years,
and a Representative twelve ; he, the son, lived in tbe bouse
still standing at the northeast corner of Boston and Federal
streets, and there, it is related, on one occasion, bfid the honor
of the Governor's presence at dinner, while a couple of iron
cannon, on Water Hill, continued to belch forth tbeir respects.
His son Samuel was a Representative during the Revolution,
and a raeraber of tbe Convention for forming tbe State Consti
tution, His grandson James, son of Ebenezer, Esquire, while a
young man set up business as a tin-plate worker at Providence,
R. I,, became a prominent citizen, and was one of the original
members of the Providence Association of Mechanics and Man
ufacturers, an association which still continues to flourish, and
was chosen its president, in 1797, holding the office tUl 1809, He
likewise represented Providence in the General Assembly, in
1797, And this James was father of the Hon. James Burrill,
who was appointed Chief Justice ofthe Supreme Court of Rhode
Island, in 1816, and who was soon afterward distinguished as a
United States Senator for that state, dying at Washington, on
Chfistmas-day, 1820. Josepb, anotber son of Ebenezer, Esquire,
and grandson oj the subject of this sketch, settled at Newport,
R, I, He was a tin-plat© worker, and it was of him that hia
brother James learned bis trade piieparatory to commencing
business for himself at Providence, And the famUy of this Jo
seph was one of great respectability. The wife of Hon, Henry
Wheaton, LL, D., was a granddaughter of his. One or two of
the leading Salem famUies were connected with tbe BurriUs,
who were facetiously styled the royal family of Lynn, Micajah
Burrill, who resided on Essex street, and died near the close
of 1863, having been buried on the lOtb of December, the very
day on wbich he would have entered his hundredth year, was
a grandson of TheophUus, the third son of the patriarijb whora
this sketch coramemorates,
Mr. BurriU died on the 6th of September, 1761, The inscrip
tion on his modest grave-stone is unassuming, compared with
many on tbe tablets of that day, which are too often airy and
high-sounding. But the dead should not be held responsible
for the falsehoods and absurdities that are written above them,
P2

494 HISTOET OP LTNN,
He was a man remarkable for sound judgment, benevolence,
and activity in all useful enterprises, was six times chosen
Representative, and was a CounseUor in 1731 and 1746, In
1732 he was entrusted with the settleraent of iraportant busi
ness with the Indians at Casco Bay, He possessed a large
estate in lands, and was able to provide well for his nuraerous
faraily. The inventory of bis estate indicates that he lived in
very respectable style, and araong his personal property raay
be found enumerated one Negro Slave, named Cesar.
In looking up the facts regarding the BurriUs, I found that
raany of the family themselves had but a confused idea of tbeir
ancestry — a kind of confusion, however, by no means peculiar'
to this family — arising, perhaps, in a great measure, from the'
intermingling of names. A recapitulatory line or two may,
hence, be given. Lieutenant John, or John, senior, was the first
Burrill born in Lynn, and was a son of George, the early settler.
Honorable John, or John, Junior, and Honorable Ebenezer, (the
subject of this sketch,) were brothers, and sons of Lieut. John.
Ebenezer, Esquire, was a son of Hon. Ebenezer, , . , George,
Lieut. John, and Hon. John lived at Tower Hill'; Hon. Ebene
zer lived at Swampscot; Ebenezer, Esq, lived on Boston street,
corner of Federal, , , , James, who settled in Rhode Island,
and was father of the United States Senator, was a son of Ebe
nezer, Esq. John, another son of Ebenezer, Esq., was father
of Ebenezer who settled in New York, and died there in 1839,
and whose body, in accordance with his dying request, was
brought to Lynn and buried in our Old Burying Ground; he,
the last named John, was also father of Thompson, who died
here in 1842. The grave-stones of these worihies together
with those of several other old members of the family; may be
found in the southeastern part of the burial place just named.
Considering what has been sfiid in this brief sketch regarding
family connections, a single reraark, of a general nature, in clos
ing, may not be inappropriate. How feAV realize tbe important
effect of marriage upon tbe destinies of a faraily, rauch less
its effect upon the destinies of raankind. The greatest results,
social, political, and religious, flow frora the quiet operation of
the matrimonial connection. In the history of the world may
be found instance on instance wherein the union of a young

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — JACOB NEWHALL. 495
man and young woman has accomplished raoraentous results,
results which years and years pf war and bloodshed could not
effect. The genius of raarriage is deraocratic; it favors no
conventional distinctions ; but through the most thorough ming
ling of classes works out the happiest results. It was long
since remarked in the French Academy tbat when a nation is
on the decline, its strength and energy are to be found in the
lower classes; and a true remark it was. The jaded mental
faculties of tbe higher and educated class, need the physical
stamina and latent mental power of the unpampered boAver of
¦wood and drawer of water. And the doora of a nation is
sealed if God's great laws for the government of his human
family are disregarded, *

JACOB NEWHALL, — 1740-1816,
This worthy member of one of our oldest farailies was for many
years extensively and favorably known as Landlord Newhall,
He was born in that part of Lynn now constituting Saugus, on
the third of May, 1740, and was the son of Locker, a lineal
descendant of Thomas Newhall, the first white person born ui
Lynn, A part of the early manhood of Mr, NewhaU was spent in
Cambridge, where he pursued the occupation of a husbandman,
to which he was bred. But in or about the year 1774, he be
carae proprietor of the celebrated tavern which stood on tha
old Boston road, a'sbort distance west of Saugus river. This
tavern was commenced at a v6ry early period, and at one time
flourished under the sign of an anchor, painted in blue, witb
the inscription '' Blew Anchor." Many interesting facts con
cerning its history may be found in this volume. He succeeded
Josiah Martin, a very eccentric individual, of whora something
is said under date 1782, and wbo by his irregularities had some
what damaged tbe reputation of the house; but who, though
aUeged to be an Englishraan, being providentially seized by a
burning desire to serve the country, enlisted and went off to
the war, from which he never returned.
Mr. Newhall kept the tavern during the Revolution ; and it
was conducted on that liberal scale which rendered it a real

496 HISTOET OF LTNN. '
public benefit. He was an excellent provider, social in hia
habits, neat in his arrangements, and unwearied in his efforts to
make his house an attractive traveler's bome. The poor of
his neighborhood and the indigent wayfarer he freely relieved ;
and to the sick and wounded soldier, his door was always open.
In connection with the tavern, he carried on a farm ; and his
business, on the whole, was quite extensive. It was not uncom
mon for an entire company of hungry soldiers, and not unknoAvn
for even a regiment to suddenly raake their appearance and halt
for a meal. To provide for such eraergencies be kept pn hand
fatted oxen from which a sufficient number might be promptly
slaughtered, the beef being at once disposed of in great boilers
prepared expressly for the cooking, bis large garden, which
is represented to have comprised some six acres, furnishing the
vegetable accompaniments. The whole establishment was kept
under his immediate supervision ; and for some years he is said
hardly ever to have retired to a bed to rest, but to have slept
in an arm chair.
Under the administration of Mr. Martin, and down to the
commencement of the Revolution, a pictured lion and unicorn
decorated the sign-board that swung from the ponderous oaken
arm in front of the house. But Mr. NewhaU, being an ardent
patriot, substituted the more genial and hopeful emblera of a
rising sun. And there, beneath that hospitable roof, counte
nanced by the benevolent spirit that presided, were enacted
many and many a pleasant scene. The sleghing party on the
winter night found blazing fires and smoking viands, »nd a clean
upper roora for the sly dance ; and on all occasions of great
parade the most ample provision was found. Aud the good
cheer and cordial hospitality induced many a guest to Unger on
his way. It has been said, however, that there was one occasion
on which the landlord's usual courtesy was not exeraplified, an
o.ccasion when he raanifested unwonted impatience for the de
parture of a considerable body of caUers, mostly young men,
armed Avith fowling pieces, and bound up the westward road.
He freely supplied their wantSj but refrained from any motion
tbat might cause a moment's delay. It was on the morning of
the battle of Bunker HiU.
Mr. Newhall married Elizabeth Hodgkins, of Ipswich, on the

¦ BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — WILLIAM 6RAT. 497
21st of August, 1766, and had four sons and fonn daughters,
viz: William, born 21 June, 1767, and dying in infancy; Elizar
beth, b. 21 May, 1768 ; WiUiam again, b. 10 Deceraber, 1769 ;
Sarah, b, 7 August, 1777 ; Lydia, b, 24 Deceraber, 1778 ; Jacob,
b, 1 November, 1780 ; Lucy, b, 26 July, 1782 ; Joseph, b, 28
November, 1783,
Landlord Newhall kept the tavern till 1807; and notwith
standing the business wb£s remarkably successful, his benevo
lence prevented any great accumulation of property, and he
continued to labor industriously, as a farmer, till old age. He
died on the 18th of June, 1816, at the age bf seventy-six. The
late Benjamin P. Newhall, for many years one of the most active
and prominent citizens of Saugus, and well known for bis nume
rous contributions to the public journals was a-grandsonof his.

WILLIAM GRAY. — 1750-1825.
Perhaps, taking all things into view, the most widely known,
highly accomplished, and successful merchant tbat New England
ever produced, was William Gray, alraost univerally known un
der the familiar though rather inelegant contraction of " Billy "
Gray. He was born at Lynn, on that part of Water HUl now
called Marion street, on th» 27th of June, 1750. The house in
which he was born is still standing, and known by our older
people as the Dr. Flagg house, being the one at the eastern end
of the street, directly opposite where it bends into Boston
street. The family of Mr, Gray settled here at an early period, though
his ancestors were not among the first coraers. At the tirae
WUliara was bom, his grandfather, whose narae was likewise
WiUiara, was one of the only three individuals in Lynn Who
carried on the shoe business so extensively as to eraploy jour
neymen, (See under date 1750,) His father, whose name was
Abraham, was a shoemaker, and frequently visited Salem, where
he had numerous custoraers to whom he took the products
of his handicraft, in saddle-bags. The family of Mr. Derby,
into whose counting-room WUliam subsequently entered, were
among the customers.
Abraham Gray afterward removed to Salem, where he was for
P2* 32

498 HISTOET OP LTNN,
many years deacon of the First Church, He took WiUiam, Avho
was then quite young, with hira ; and that was the termination
of his residence in Lynn, though he ever retained an interest in
his native place, and maintained business connections with her
people. For forty years be suppUed tbe manufacturers and
dealers here with large quantities of Russia sheeting, which
was at the time much used in the manufacture of shoes.
His constitution was naturally feeble, and he inherited the
melancholy trait of consumption. Salem, at that time, had the
reputation of being a very unfavorable locality for those having
a tendency to the insidious disease just named ; but the tera-
perate life and active habits of young Gray protected him from
the destroyer. Although perhaps every feature of his face,
taken separately, would be pronounced homely, yet his whole
countenance glowed with sucb an invariable and attractive
sraile, and his bright gray eyes expressed sucb integrity of soul
and goodness bf heart, tbat he was usually considered handsome.
No one who has contemplated tbe perfect portrait of him by
Stuart, can faU to recognize the likeness of one of dignity and
fine presence ; it is indeed a picture that might well immortalize
both artist and subject. In stature, he was rather below than
above tbe medium size, but symmetrical.
The precocity of young Gray, soon after his removal to Salem
attracted the notice of Samuel Gardner, then a prominent raer
chant of the place, who offered to receive bim as an apprentice.
His father asked what compensation would be allowed, and to
his surprise was answered tbat six guineas could be taken with
the best apprentice in the country, but that William would be
taken without a bonus. He very soon found himself in the best
graces of Mr. Gardner ; a trivial incident, happening soon after
the 'apprenticeship began, doing much to effect this. He had
broken the store window by his baU, and very ingenuously con
fessed the fact, proving, at the same time, that his apparent ne
glect to repair was attributable to the broken promise of a glazier.
His truthfulness was warmly applauded, and a new suit of clothes
given as a reward. And the good merchant continued to clothe
him as long as he remained, A rigid adherence to Truth was
one of the most prominent characteristics of Mr, Gray, He
worshiped her. After leaving Mr, Gardner he entered tbe em-

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — WILLIAM GEAT, 499
ploy of Richard Derby, another eminent raerchant of Salem;
and there he perfected hiraself in all that was necessary for the
commencement of his OAvn illustrious mercantile career. So far
as school education was concerned, however, he never received
any thing beyond what the district school afforded,
Mr, Gray raarried Elizabeth, daughter of John Chipman, of
Marblehead, though not, as I was raany years ago inforraed by
an old lady wbo was intiraate in the faraily, withou/t sorae o'ppo-
eition from her friends, bis prospects, at the time, not appearing
eufficient to satisfy tbeir expectations.
The enterprise and good fortune of Mr. Gray did much to
promote the general prosperity of Salem, though Lynn was not
'barren of benefits. Tbe following epigram, which I believe was
the production of John Prince, the lawyer, very pleasantly
touches the matter of a good-natured rivalry.
Salem and Lynn for Gray's birth now contest ;
Lynn gains the palm, but Salem fares the best.
Though sometimes interesting, it is in a degree profitless,
while considering the Ufe of an individual, high or low, to spec
ulate as to what he raight have been; under otber circumstances ;
yet it seera worthy of reraark that had Mr, Gray's constitution
been a healthy one, it is not unlikely that he would have spent
his days as a shoemaker, at Lynn, for I am assured by one who
knew him well, that his father attempted to learn him tbe trade,
but gave it over on perceiving that it wore upon bis health.
In or about the year 1808, Mr. Gray removed to Boston, and
there greatly enlarged his business ; and in a few years be was
reckoned the wealthiest man in the Commonwealth, if not in
aU New England. He possessed the manners of a gentleman,
and was highly respected for bis many virtues. Toward aU
those in his employ, wbo served bim faithfully, he was accus
tomed to act with the utmost generositjjr. The masters of some
of his vessels were retained from twenty to thirty years. And
during the continuance of the embargo, many had reason to be
grateful for his efficient aid in procuring employment when
their legitimate caUing could not be pursued. And a few of his
cotemporaries yet remaining in Lynn, cherish a grateful remem
brance of his, friendly acts. He was liberal to the poor, and
made large donations for charitable purposes.

50O HISTOET OP LTNN.
But it must not be supposed that the life of Mr. Gray was one
of uniforra. success. He met with reverses ; but bore them with
a fortitude coraraensurate with his dignity as a raan, and furnish
ing a most exceUent example for others in similar circurastances.
Under the Decrees of Bonaparte he loSt raany vessels ; but it is
to be presuraed that his heirs received sorae rerauneration
frora' tbe French government, under the energetic administration
of General Jackson,
Mr, Gray was elected Lieutenant Governor, in 1810 andcon-
tinued in office two years. He also held divers other offices,
wherein bis promptness and sound judgment rendered his ser
vices of great value. He was a Federalist in political sentiment,
and at tiraes showed sorae activity as a politician.
He died at Boston, on the third of November, 1825, His
sons were, William R., Henry, John C, Francis Cw, and Horace,
And the family continues to maintain the highest respectabUity.
His only daughter, Lucia, raarried Col, Sarauel Swett, who is
still living, though she died sorae years since. Rev, William
Gray Swett, the much beloved pastor of the Unitarian Society
in Lynn, from January 1, 1840 to the tirae of his decease, Feb
ruary 15, 1843, was born of tbis marriage.

MICAJAH COLLINS. — 1764-1827.
Mr. CoUins was born on the 19th of AprU, 1764, and was a
son of Enoch Collins, He received a fair education, and for
more than a quarter of a century was teacher of the Friends'
school here, ever retaining tbe respect of the parents and affec
tion of the pupUs, His rainisterial labors were approved by
the Society for nearly forty years, and he was well known and
highly respected in the raany parts of the United States, into
which he journeyed. He married Hannah Chase, of Salem, but
had no chUdren, The last moments of his life are represented
to have displayed, in a marked degree, tbe true characteristics
of the dying Christian. Many friends and neighbors asserabled
around his bed, and in kind words be dealt to them admonitions
and encouragements, and expressed his own assurance of a
blessed immortality. Then he took each individual by the
hand and bade all an affectionate fareweU, Like the, setting

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. — MICAJAH COLLINS. -501'
of a suraraer sun, he gently passed away, without a murmur or
a sigh. His death took place on the 30th of January, 1827.
One or two extracts frora a poetic tribute to the meraory of
Mr, Collins,, are here introduced, a tribute which originaUy ap
peared in the NoAvport (R, I.) Mercury, and was penned by
Rev, Enoch Mudge, another of the devoted sons of Lynn — the
insertion here answering the double purpose of celebrating tbe
virtues of one worthy native and affording a speciraen of the
poetic ability of another -^ besides presenting the grateful spec
tacle of a warra remerabrance of an early friendship. Though
^ very striking conception is^ perhaps, apparent in the lines,
they yet exhibit, with such clearness, the growth of grace in the
renewed heart, and its effect on the inward and outward life,
and are withal imbued with such a reverence for,^ virtue, that
tbey possess a substantial value. Didactic poetry, however, in
these days, finds but little favor, whatever may be i+a rlAOfroft
of excellence, I knoA^ him when in giddy rounds of mirth
He sought for happiness in things of earth ;
When the light mind with buoyant feelings soared,
And for delight forbidden things explored.
Quenched were the sacred sparks of holy truth,
hnpressed upon him in his early youth,
When the young airy mind with heightened glee
Was from restraint hard struggling to be free. '
Bewitching pleasure then allured his mind ; ,
In them content he vainly sought to find.
But found it not ! — till he who came to call
The wanderer back from sin, and guilt, and thrall,
Spake to his soul ; the quickening power he felt,
Which caused his hard, obdurate heart to melt.
Pungent and deep was keen conviction's dart!
Then godly sorrow pained the broken heart!
But the good Shepherd, by his tender care.
Soothed all his fears, and saved him from despair;
And gently led him by alluring grace
In the sweet paths of righteousness and peace.
A sacred calm ensued within his breast.
And now the wanderer found a place of rest;
New objects of pursuit inspired his mind,
And purifying love his soul refined.
The fiiends of youth he now delights to meet,
And sit like Mary at his Master's feet;

502 HISTOET OF LTNN.
And tender sympathy, by grace inspired,
And love of truth his placid bosom fired.
* # »
In temper open, amiable, and mild.
In manners simple, trusting as a chUd ;
He to the youth a pleasing pattern gave.
Of access easy, pious, cheerful, grave ;
All classes felt an interest in the man.
For innocence through all his actions ran.
. Long as an able minister be stood,
And spent his lengthened life in doing good ;
At home, abroad, the humble Christian shone,
While all the oraise he gave to God alone.

SOLOMON MOULTON.— 1808-1827.
This young man, for he was but nineteen years of age at the
time of his decease, gave promise of doing much honor to his
native place. His poetical ability was by no means inconsider
able. He was born on the 7th of January, 1^08, and was the
son of Josepb Moulton, who lived on Boston street. His uncle,
John Lillie Moulton, who resided on Market street, in a house
which stood on the west side, a few rods south of Summer,
and who, in partnership with John Alley, 3d, kept a store, on
the same street, at the corner of Munroe, having no children
of his own, adopted bim, and he kept in tbe store a part of the
time. The constitution of young Moulton was not naturally firm,
and for many raonths immediately preceding his deatb, which
was by consuraption, his health was sucb that he was unable to
continuously pursue any laborious occupation. When Mr, Lum
mus, the first printer in Lynn, opened his office, Mr, Moulton
forraed an acquaintance with hira, which continued as long as
he lived. He was much in the office and assisted in various
ways. And it was in Mr, Lumraus's paper, The Weekly Mirror,
that most of his published pieces appeared.
He was highly esteemed for his openness and generosity of
disposition ; and won the respect and affection of those about
him by his fidelity to the higher instincts and better sympa
thies of our nature. He wrote many pieces in verse, which
appeared under the signature of " Lillie," some of wbich were'

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — SOLOMON MOULTON. 503
weU worthy of being preserved in substantial forra. Many of
his writings were of tbat plaintive cast Avhich somehow seems
to foreshadow an early departure. A passage or two frora a
poem of about a hundred Unes, entitled "The Bueial," are
here given, as a fair specimen of his style and execution ; and
it will probably be agreed that some of the lines would add
grace to many a pretentious and popular poera. In one situ
ated as Mr, Moulton was — dependent in circurastances, with
few advantages of education, and in iraperfect health — an early
development of the choicest powers could hardly be looked for. .
And we are inclined to utter a lament in the words of one of
his own lines :
" Alas ! too soon cut down by cruel Death."
But yet it may be unwise to speculate as to what might have
been. He died on tbe 26th of May, 1827.
It was a mild and lovfely day in autumn ;
Earth bore the marks of withering frost;
The winds bad sung their desolating dirge
O'er lovely Flora's wintry grave.
And formed her death-robe ofthe yellow leaves.
But still a melancholy loveliness,
A pleasing sweetness, hung around the scene.
The sun was fast descending from his proud
Meridian throne in heaven's blue concave high.
I had been called a solemn office to perform —
•T is the last rite that man can do for man,
When life is o'er, with kind and gentle hand
To lay his brotbei-'s body in the grave —
And here it was a fair and lovely child.
Whose angel form was now by youthful hands
Unto the silent grave soon to be borne ;
Alas ! too soon cut down by cruel Death.'
# « »
The heart of woman injury can brook;
Ay, heap disgrace upon her precious name ;
Brand her a wretched outcast from the world ;
Let the envenom'd darts of slander pierce
And rend her lovely breast — take from her all,
Yes, all that renders life most dear to man ;
But leave her tender ofispring to her care ;
Give this, her last and most endearing boon,
And still she '11 bless you for that dearest gift.

504 HISTOET OF LTN]
Soon and the funeral train were at the grave ;
Gently we laid the bier upon the earth.
And then with trembling hands the coffin lowered
Into its dai-k and silent home. But when
The cold, dank clods of earth with deadening sound
Resounded from the grave, deep were the sigha
That rent a mother's agonizing breast ;
For now the scene with all its withering force
Had burst afresh upon her grief-wom mind.
I saw her standing by the lowly grave.
When the smooth, grass-grown clod o'er it was placed.
The work was finished, and she gave a last
And tender look toward the hallowed spot, ,
Then joined the silent train and moved away.
'T is past — but still the scene on memory's page
Is lettered deep ; and oft in pensive mood,
Whene'er my feet in yonder grave-yard stray,
I stop to muse upon that well known grave.
Though our young frieud wr.oJ;e chiefly in verse, he occa
siond,Uy gave expression to his thoughts in what is called poetic
prose. And perhaps the following is as fair a specimen of his
composition in the latter form as can be found.
MOENING.
There is a soul-exalting hour.
And sweetly soothing is its power ;
'T is when, wide o'er the spreading lawn,
Is ushered in the early dawn.
If there is one time in the day more beautiful than another, more suited to
the mind that «an dwell with delight on the works of nature, and discover the '
impress of the Creator in every leaf and every flower — that time is moi-ning.
To the contemplative mind tbe morning walk affords an ample field for the
observance and investigation of the numerous works of the divine Creator
wbich at every step, in pleasing and almost endless variety, are presented to
our view. It is in the morning that the mind, fi-eed from the vexatious cares
that are attendant on the more busy concerns ofthe day.
Views Nature's works, throughout sublime,
Unchanging still, through endless time,
And renders homage to the God
Who formed them by his potent rod.
There is a deep moral sublimity in the scene whicb the mommg affords.
And how congenial it is to be seated on the summit of some commanding
eminence, whence to view the pale moon, just lingering in the west, as if
pausing to bid " Good moming," to die more resplendent luminary on wbom
she is dependent for ber light ; to view the last faint gleam of a few lingering

\
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, -*¦ MAEIA AUGUSTA FULLES. 505
stars, as they gradually grow dim, and disappear ; to hear, in the holy calm
ness of the hour when tlie busy hum of men is only remembered as a thing
of yesterday, tbe rich melody of Nature's songsters, as on never tiring vring
tbey soar aloft in heaven's blue concave. In sucb an hour as this, the mind is
insensibly led to deep devotional contemplation. While we view the works
of the Creator, we ai-e naturally led to meditate on tbe Creator himself. And
fi-om the volume of Nature, wide spread before us, we may draw lessons of
instruction far superior to the narrow tenets ofthe studied theologian.

MARIA AUGUSTA FULLER. — 180&-1831,
Mr, Lewis has said of Miss Puller, that she " was, perhaps,
tbe raost talented and imaginative female which Lynn has pro
duced." She was undoubtedly a young lady of rare endowment.
Accustoming herself, at an early age, to the use of the pen,
she was enabled to produce, whUe stiU young, many charming
pieces, in prose and poetry, which found their way into the
newspapers. She "displayed a fine fancy, mingled witb dignity
of thought, and a lively appreciation of natnral beauty.
She was born at Lynn on the 9th of December, 1806, and was
a daughter of Hon, Josepb FuUer, wbo was born on Water HiU,
March 29, 1772, and died at the age of 42, He Avas tbe first
Senator from Lynn, having been elected in 1812, and was like
wise a Representative, for six terms. His business was exten
sive. When Mechanics Bank went into operation, in 1814, be
was chosen its president ; but he died the next year. He built
the southraost dAvelling at the point forraed by the junction of
Union and Broad streets, and there resided.
Her grandfather Fuller was also naraed Joseph, He was
born in 1748, and died at tbe age of 82, He was a farmer, and
owned the farm at tbe western extremity of Water HiU, wbere
he resided. He was somewhat eccentric, but a man of integrity
and influence ; was a delegate to tbe Constitutional Convention,
in 1820 ; and could write with considerable ability, though in
clined to be raore pungent than courteous. He loved contro
versy, and was at one tirae engaged in a newspaper warfare
with Rev. Mr. Thacher.
Miss FuUer died on the 19th of January, 1831, at the early
age of twenty-four. She was never married, but at the time
of her decease was affianced to a gentleman who is now a min-
' Q2

5ft6 HISTOET .^F LTNN.
ister in the Calvinistic- Baptist connection, though at that time
be was an active meraber of the Unitarian Society here. Her
manners were gentle and fascinating in the extreme ; ber edu
cation was good; and she was fitted to elicit admiration in the
most refined society. Her harp was usually attuned to plaintive
themes, and it seemed as if she ever entertained a latent premo
nition of an early death. Yet there were occasions on which
a playful and even frolicksorae nature would assert itself Her
chosen signature was " Finella." And one or two speciraens
of her writing foUow. The prose article was pubUshed when
she was twenty-one years of age, and certainly exhibits a rich
ness and breadth of fancy, a versatility and discipline of thought,
which can only characterize one possessing far.more than ordi
nary gifts, Tbe lines entitled " The Frosted Trees," are the
concluding portion of a piece, dated January 1, 1830, and as will
be perceived, very pleasantly aUude to Mr, Lewis's well-known
poera under tbe same title — which raay be found in this volume,
under date 1829 — which had just then appe9.red in the' Token.
We have in them clear evidence that she possessed a lively wit;
but it was refined, and never turned to the degenerate purposes
of satire. The piece entitled " To the LoVed Departed," ap
peared about ten days before her death. And the lines " To a
Sea Bird," were found among the papers, she left. They are
all worthy of an attentive perusal ; indeed they are too full of
thought and unobtrusive beauties to be appreciated by the
mere surface reader. Such a mind as hers cannot fail to have
a refining and elevating influence in any society ; and when one
like her departs tears may fall as for a public bereavement,
though there may be none to spare when the mere daughter
of fashion departs, THOUGHTS,
There are moments when the mind is free from all uneasiness, the spu-its
from all excitement ; when the stream of thought ceases to flow on, and
remains calm and unruffled, waiting for a new impulse to turn its waters into
other channels — or sometimes stagnates into indolence. The eai-ly part of a
winter evening is the very time for such an undefinable state of mind, I was
myself smkmg into it one evening, after having attended to sundry little par
ticulars, such as arranging .two or three chau-s, which chanced to bo a little -
awry, placing the andirons in exactly parallel lines, aud blowing from the

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — MAEIA AUGUSTA FULLEE, 507
hearth a quantity of white ashes which the movements had precipitated to it.
Now, the fantastic motions of the blaze amused me, shooting up into steeples,
like the picture of an old abbey, or wreathing in red folds around a fresh piece
of fuel. Tbe coals, too, lying in red glowing masses, seemed to smile upon
me, as I sat watching their changes, and forming H's and P's ofthe interstices
in the back-log. I was awakened from my pleasing employment, by the sud
den faUing of a brand, whose curiing wreaths of smoke ascended, in most
unwelcome incense, to my face. Hastily adjusting it, I fled to the window,
and there contemplated a scene by no means new or exti-aordinary, but whose
quiet loveliness opened a new and corresponding train of ideas and fancies.
The moon shone upon the snowy hill-top, and threw a broad sheet of light
upon the water, crowning each little billow with a sparkling coronet She
is, I believe, a sonnet-mspu-ing planet, and somehow associated in the mind
with the "lunatic, the lover, and the poet," Though belonging to neither of
these classes, I must still acknowledge her influence in inspu-ing thoughts and
" thick coming fancies,''
As my ej^e ranged over the prospect before me, I was insensibly led to con
trast its present appearance with what it might have been two centuries ago.
I seemed to behold the dark forests covering the bills and plains — tbe coast
curving naturally round, or broken into points and headlands, where now the
stiff squares, wharveg, or artificial bafiks, proclaim that a civilized people reside
here. In this very spot, thought I, the Indian bent his bow against the wild
beast of the forest; or here, perhaps, the Indian girl might have stood, listen
ing for the sound ofthe returning oars of an absent brother or lover, A speck
appeared among the waves — it seemed the light canoe of the savage, bound
ing to land.
What dreams of light and beauty might have filled the soul of that Indian
girl ; in what clear tones might the harmonies of nature haA'e sounded their
sublime truths to her ear. She heard the voice of the Spirit she worshiped,
in the sea, in the thunder, and in the wind. She poured forth her rejoicing
songs with the birds, and the anthem of ber deeply felt gratitude might have
gone up to the throne with as much acceptance as if accompanied by swell
ing organ tones, and echoed back by mcirble temple walls instead of rocks
and hills. She might have read His purity and goodness in the wUd flowers
ofthe wood, in the wide and grand scenes around her, in her own happy and
fi-ee existence, and the existence of all the joyous creation she beheld. Untu
tored, unacquauited with the thoughts of others, or the wisdom stored in tho
pages of antiquity, she might have possessed intuitive powers, of which we
know nothing ; pure ¦ rills of thought, gushing in beauty, amid solitude and
silence ; realms of fancy, brighter than we can imagine.
Or here, perhaps, the tree of peace may have thrown out its strong branches,
and nations may have assembled aroimdit; warriors may have smoked the
calumet in its shade. The same moon and stars looked upon them, which
are now shining on me ; the sound of the mighty msh of the ocean feU on
then- ears as it now faUs on mine. Years have glided sUently by, and where
are they ? The dust reveals not the spot where a nation of proud hearts have

508 HISTOET OP LTNN.
mingled with it. The maiden, the hunter, have long since gone to then* rest
The wave of existence in which' tbey were. particles has rolled away, and its
sound died upon the air. Surely our country is fuU of poetical associations.
Have we no Ossian to behold the spirit ofthe warrior on our misty hills.' — to
smg tbe forgotten glories of a departed race.' The bustle of a strange people
is going on in the land of their fathers.
There is a tinge of melancholy in such reflections ; anij when the mind
glances forward to succeeding ages, and a sense of our own brief course amid
these changes of being comes m its reality over the soul, we wonder at the
eagemess with which we pursue its trifles, and resolve to chase them no more.
The whole human family then appear to us as brethren, and the wider our
survey extends through the past and futm-e, the more are we impressed with
the folly of those jarring interests whicb take away tbe warm and holy dispo
sitions of our hearts, and embitter those waters of life which were intended to
flow on in fi-agrance and sweetness through their short course. We arise
fi-om sucb reflections with renewed desires to dispense our own small measure
of happiness around — that though we and the generation to which we belong
pass away and are forgotten, our life may be a summer of joy, and om- dead
but the welcome entrance into a new and more glorious existence.
THE FEOSTEft TEEES.
Spring, Summer, and Autumn ! what witching charms,
Ye weai- to the poet's eye !
Ye pour forth your wealth to his raptured gaze
As ye pass so swiftly by.
But Winter comes With bis scowling skies,
And rudely piping wind ;
What beauty or music to waken song,
Can the wandering poet find .'
Lo ! the earth is sown with precious pearls,
And the flashing diamond shines,
And gems that glistened far down in the sea,
Or gleamed in the dismal mines.
And the graceful boughs like rainbows bend,
And spirits are resting there.
Having veiled the light of their radiant forms,
In the blue ofthe mantling air.
O ! rare, beyond the alchymist'a skUl,
The speU the poet doth hold.
For by it the snow and icicle,
Aro changed to gems and gold ; '
And the ice-girt boughs to dazzling thrones,
And the folds ofthe vapor dim
Are white-robed angels, whose starry -wings
Are revealed to none but him.

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. — MAEIA AUGUSTA FULLEE. 509
TO THE LOVED DEPAETED.
Ye Spu-its ofthe Dead !
Ah ! whither are ye fled ?
Mid the dim fields of space where do ye roam?
O, that through the deep gloom.
That gathers o'er tlie tomb.
Some ray of light might shine from your far distant home.
Where is the beaming smUe,
That lighted, for a while.
Our vyeary feet along life's cloudy way ?
The voice, whose lightest words
ThriUed the soul's sUent chords, '
TiU the deep hidden strings grew tuneful from its sway.
We watched your parting breath, •
We saw the chUl of death
Blanch the fresh cheek, and fix the glazing eye;
Shade upon shade fell deep.
Of that mysterious sleep.
Mantling aU that remained — fearful mortaUty!
We know those forms must change ;
Perchatice amid the range
Of VEiried forms of beauty, ye may live
In fragrant springing flowers,
Fairest in forest bowers ;
Sucb loveliness to dust renewing power can give.
Where shaU we go to find? —
Hath the dull earth enshrined
That smUe? — or doth it beam in the sunlight,
DweU with the rainbow's hues.
Or mid mom's sparkUng dews.
The moonlight pale, or stars that cheer the sUent night?
That tone have we not heard.
When sang spring's earliest bird ?
Or when the winds awaked the warbling lyre ?
In murmurs ofthe waves,
O'er their deep ocean caves ?
The whispering wood? — each voice of nature's varied choir?
Hath the light ceased to bum?
ShaU not that tone retum
To cheer us as we tread our pathway lone ?
Tbe spark that lit the whole,
That thought, that loved — the soul ! ,
There is a mourning void — where has the spirit gone ?
Q2*

HISTOET OF LTNN.
Trust, doubting spirit, trust,
When this enclosing dust
Thou shalt, upspringing, from thee cast away ;
When, with new eye and ear,
Thou shalt both see and hear,
That smUe — that gentle tone — shaU greet thee on that day!
There, mingling Avith the rays
Ofthe eternal blaze.
The welcome beam again shall bless thine eye ;
And where hosannas ring,
When blessed spirits sing.
The well-remembered tone shall sound, no more to die !
Thou Sun of Righteousness!
Thy rays can warm and bless
E'en the chUl cloud tbat gathers o'er the grave ;
Till its dark folds grow bright.
Changed to a robe of light!
O ! shine on us, bright Power ! to heal us, and to save.
TO A SEA BIED.
Why hast thou left thy ocean home?, ,
What seek'st thou here with wandering wing?
Thou loved'st the bounding wave, the foam ;
Thou would'st not love the bowers of spring.
The J^nd birds, in their gilded plumes.
Tune forth their songs from every stem, —
With -wild, sad notes, and dull hued wings,
Thou may'st not come to dwell with them.
In our green woods the scented flowers
Look pure as shells in thine own sea,
And blue lakes slumber, fountains gush, —
But these can have no charms for thee.
Back to thy native home ! behold !
Yon pink and purple clouds have throAvn
Upon its calm, um-ippled breast,
Colors scarce fainter than their OAVn.
And see thy mates — how swiftly o'er
The muTored waters now they glide ;
Their white wings take the roseate dyes.
And shine reflected in the tide.

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — CHAELES F, LUMMUS, 511
StUl onward, onward ! would'st thou seek
Those bUlowy clouds far in the west?
Mid their bright waves perchance thou dream'st
Thy weary, toUsome wing may rest
For thou hast seen the strong wind sweep
All beauty from the changing sea,
And leave for all yon loveliness,
A terrible deformity, '
Methinks e'en now thy sad voice calls
In vain upon thy hapless mate —
Ah ! wreck'd and lost — for thee and her
The welcome calm has come too'Iate.
And thou hast left Ld weariness,
The lone sea for the lonelier air '
Seek not earth's bowers, or clouds, for peaco ;
Alas I thou wUt not find it there.
Know thou, the green, sun-lighted earth
Thou passest o'er with wing so free,
Holds many a prisoner, who would joy,
Could they but fly away with thee.
For darker than the ocean storm.
O'er joy's soft mom doth sorrow close,
And woe-worn mortals seek like thee,
A calmer haven of repose. }
But not like thee in vain. For tbem,
More glorious than the clouds of even,
A realm of joy and bliss appears —
An isle of rest — a promised heaven.
/

CHARLES FREDERIC LUMMUS. — 1801-1838.
Mr.Lummus was born on tbe 17th of August, 1801, and was
one of the ten children of Dr. Aaron Lummus, who was a pop
ular physician araong us for nearly fifty years. His education
was as good as could be procured at the comraon schools of
the day ; and when at the proper age, he entered the printing
office of Lincoln and Edmands, in Boston, to learn his, trade.
He grew up to be a remarkably intelligent and companionable
young man, though his natural eccentricities would not unfre
quently assert themselves in a manner nbt the most agreea-

512 HISTOET OP LTNN,
ble. He was for tuany years^ an intimate friend of Mr, LeAvis,
who, on his decease, paid the following comprehensive though
brief tribute to his memory, " He Avas an excellent musician,
and a choice spirit. Few young men in Lynn were ever more
extensively beloved or more deserved to be. But thou art
dead I ' Alas I poor Yorick 1 ' Thine is a loss to be thought
about, and thou shalt long live in our love."
Mr. Lummus was never married ; which was a little remarka
ble, considering his fondness for. refined feraale society, and
considering that it was his own conviction that a suitable mat-
riraonial connection would add rauch to his happinesg. But the,
slender income afi"orded by his business, no' doubt operated to
the discourageraent of an atterapt in that direction. It has been
said, however, that an early disappointment led to a determina
tion never to wed.
After concluding his apprenticeship, he worked in Boston,
as a journeyraan, a year or two, and then returned to Lynn, bring
ing ^ second-hand Ramage press, and a smalFquantity of second
hand type. His next step was to issue his paper, the prospectus
of which had been before the public, for sorae tirae. And on
Saturday", tbe third of Septeraber, 1825, the Ltnn Weeklt
MiREOE raade its debut — the first newspaper ever printed
in the town. Its appearance was certainly not brilliant, either
in an intellectual or a raechanical way, measured, at least, by
the publications of the present time. There were but nineteen
lines of editorial matter in tbe whole paper. And there was no
greeting to the public, nor allusion, in any shape, to the pros
pects, plans, or expectations of the publisher. An original tale
occupied five of the little columns, and an orginal poera, fiUed
another, Mr, Lewis, I think, wrote both of these. Three or
four advertisements appeared on the third page ; and the rest
of the paper was made up of news it^ms and short extracts.
The four pages of the .sheet — that is tbe printed part — were
each a fraction less than nine inches by eleven in size ; the type
was much worn, the ink poor, the paper coarse and dingy,
Tbe size of the type was long primer — a type one size sraaller
than tbat from which tbis page is printed — excepting about one
column of brevier and two of pica. And, on the whole, the
expectant oublic can hardly be charged with undue fastidious-

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — CHAKLES F, LUMMUS, 513
ness for failing to bestow very high encomiums on this new-born
chUd of the press, Mr, Luraraus told rae, among other things,
whUe recounting tbe experiences of that eventful period, that
be sent a copy to the New England Galaxy, then under the-
charge of Mr, Buckingham, requesting an exchange, but re-
received his own back, with the second e in the word Weeklt,
changed to an a. The fifth number appeared in a somewhat
enlarged form. The same width of column was preserved, but
some five inches were added to tbe length, raaking a paper of
much better shape. But this was done without boasting or any
flourish of trurapets. There was not a line of editorial on tbe
subject ; nor was there, indeed, a line on any subject, in that
nuraber. Two of the colurans were in pica — a type one size
larger than that from which this page is printed — and the use of
that large type was continued, to some extent, for a long time, he
the publisher, taking all suitable opportunities to gravely assure
his readers that it was for the benefit of tbe aged people whose
eyes were dira ; and raany thanks did he receive for his kindness.
The Mirror was first printed in a sraall wooden building that
stood on the west side of Market street, just where Treraont
street now opens. But in four or five years the office was
reraoved to another sraall building, at the west end of the Com
mon, the most active business of the town at that tirae being
centered tbere.
For a considerable tirae the Mirror could boast of but little in
quantity, in an editorial way, though what there was, was very
good in quality; and it soon became a'very readable paper; for
as the proprietor gathered confidence and became more expe
rienced, he displayed most exceUent taste and judgment in his
selections. He had an open eye for tbe substantial and useful
as well as, the exciting and entertaining, and was diligent in
looking up matters of local interest. And his brief remarks
were often strikingly comprehensive. He seldom attempted
an article more than a square or two in length, and was never
guUty of spreading over half a coluran what raight just as well
be expressed in twenty lines. His first anxiety was to get at
the " nub," as he expressed it. And he took fuU liberty with
the productions of correspondents, soraetiraes raercUessly pru
ning out what to them seemed the grandest passages; and
33

514 HISTOET OF LTNN,
when they complained, tbe ready answer was, " There 's no
nub to it."
Mr. Lummus was very social in his disposition ; was ac
quainted witb every body; was an accomplished musician, and
something of a railitary, raan. He likewise interested hiraself
in political afiairs but was too honest to gain a reputation for
stabUity as a partisan. In all inteUectual and recreative enter
prises, from the dignified lyceura to the jovial chowder party,
he was ready and active, and hence frequently found hiraself in
a situation where he was able to pick up matter for useful or
arausing " squizzles," as he termed his short articles. And he
was able in a short time to gather around him quite a number
of very acceptable correspondents. Indeed it was in the little
columns of the Mirror that the beautiful efi'usions and essays
of Lillie, Finella, and Curtin first appeared — to say nothing
of the constant contributions of Lewis and others,
Mr, Lummus earned for himself the popular nicknarae of
"pA^ilosopber," in a rather amusing manner. Lawyer Gates —
of whora something is said under date 1852 — being in the office
one day, abruptly inquired — " Charles, .what does the F, in
your narae stand for ? " " PhUosopber," was the instantaneous
response. The ready wit set so well on tbe old gentleman
that he at once gave currency to tbe self-bestowed sobriquet.
He had a strange propensity to frequently change the ap
pearance of his paper. Every little while his sheet would appear,
perhaps with a new bead, a diiferent width of column, or some
fanciful display of ornamental type. His means were limited,
and his office but poorly supplied with materials. An ancient
Ramage press, which looked as if Franklin might have worked
at it, a small font of second-hand long priraer, a Uttle brevier,
and a very few little fonts of smaU ornamental letter, with a
case of pica and a few pounds of great primer, were almost
every thing he had. His three stands were so aged as to totter
on their legs, and his galleys were warped or cracked. The
only large type in the office, for years, were two or three alpha
bets of four Une pica antique capitals, wbich served for the
heading of handbUls, and at one time for the heading of his
paper. With such a fitting out, he could not, of course, be
expected to turn out any very elegant specimens of the art. But

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. — CHAELES P, LUMMUS, 515
at that time such displays in job printing as are now made, were
not thought of In March, 1832, the Avriter" purchased of him
his whole establishraent, for two hundred dollars, paying quite
as rauch as it was worth. He had, boAvever, in the raean time,
procured a small font of new long priraer, and sent ofi^ the old
-press, hiring a small iron one.
As to the success of the Mirror, it may in brief be stated
that smaU returns rewarded hard labor. The number of sub
scribers was about four hundred — soraetimes running a little
below, but seldom above. Tbe amount of work in the office —
jobs, newspaper and all — could be done by the publisher and
one hand. But at .first, in a corner of bis office, and afterward
in a separate room, Mr. Lummus kept a shop with a small stock
of stationary and fancy articles, such as are usually sold in a
country book store. A few musical instruments likewise formed
a part of his stock; and he would frequently, in times of the
greatest burr}-, abruptly drop his composing stick to perform a
solo on one of them, much to the discomfiture of his journeyman.
Indeed he did not possess quite so strong an attachraent for
raanual labor as for some other pursuits. He was fond of con
sidering the matter in a philosophical way ; and I have heard
him remark — " Well, I guess I wont work too. bard to-day lest
I should have nothing to do tomorrow-; " which reraark Avas the
sure precursor of a ride, a walk, or an interval 8f repose over
a book. There Avas a vein of buraor, without tbe sting of sar
casra, running through his conversation, and he much loved a
harmless practical joke.
He had an original way of ridding himself of idlers and such
disagreeable company as quartered in his office ; and his way
might be beneficially adopted by others ; it was, to iraraediately
set them at sorae disagreeable work. No raatter wbo the indi
vidual might be, old or young, high or low, he would be caUed
to go for a paU of water, sweep tbe floor, or perforra sorae other
equaUy dignified service, a plausible excuse always accompany
ing the request ; and when one thing was done another was
ready to be coramenced on, until tbe victim concluded to depart.
I remember seeing a gentleraan of the first respectability, rolling
at the press, with a hand roUer, his clothes, hands, and sweaty
broAV, all bedaubed with ink, while Mr, Luraraus was pulUng on

516 HISTOET OF LTNN.
with aU possible speed, to prevent any opportunity for rest,
bis countenance wearing the gravity of a sphynx, excepting
when his eye happened to catch mine. ^
The surest source of accumulation is economy. But of the
possession of this virtue Mr, Lummus had little cause to boast.
His financial skill was not of a high order ; and be was, more
over, of quite a liberal turn. So it is hardly probable that, had
his incorae been ever so great, he would have becorae rich, for
we do not find that the scriptural promise that the liberal soul
shaU be made fat, is always verified in a pecuniary way, I
have known bim to hire a horse and wagon and occupy perhaps
half a day in going to Salera to procure tAvo reams of paper.
And I reraeraber of a gentleman teUing me tbat he called at his
place one forenoon, urging him, in great haste, to ride with him
to Boston, whither he was bound, in a chaise, alone. It being
a pleasant day, the invitation was accepted. On reaching the
city, he drove directly to an eating bouse, and called for some
favorite viand, wbich was speedily before tbem. As soon as the
meal was disposed of, Mr. Luramus arose, and with an air of
great satisfaction patting the natural receptacle of all good
dinners, inforraed his friend that he was ready to start for hora,e.
In tbe raatter of dress, Mr. Luramus was far from being a
successful imitator, of Brumraell, though he was always decently
clad. Tbe exterior habiliments, however, were not usually in
exact keeping with tbe interior. ' I have seen him in the street
with cow-bide boots, muddy and of uncouth shape, when I knew
that his feet were encased in fine sUk stockings. And beneath
that shaggy coat of dingy white and ancient fashion, tbere was
probably as fine linen as the wealthiest wore.
He occasionaUy conceiA-ed strange antipathies and prejudices
which would sometiraes exhibit themselves in a raanner rather
amusing than injurious. I once saw him seize the list of the
carrier for the eastern part of the toAvn, and begin with an
eager and merciless hand to cross ofi" names, I asked hira if so
many wanted to stop their papers, " I don't care whether tbey
do or not," he replied, " but if they want it any longer they've
got to move out of Woodend to get it,"
Like most editors, be was fond of having his paper talked
about, and loved rauch to now and then create a sensation. To

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. — CHAELES F, LUMMUS, 517
that end, he would occasionally concentrate in one of bis little
paragraphs enough raaterial to serve raost editors for a coluran—
charging a perfect little borab-shell — perhaps offensive from its
personal application, or roughly divulging some private matter.
He Avas once sued for a libel on one of our most respectable
physicians, and judgment to the amount of some two hundred
dollars passed against him, though I think he told me that the
Doctor did not exact the penalty. The offensive raatter was,
however, the work of a correspondent.
Like raost editors, too, he was pleased to see his articles
going the rounds of the press ; and he knew weU how to accora-
pUsh tbis end by inserting that which from its bare oddity would
be snapped up. For instance, be upon one calm sumraer morn
ing startled the community witb the bold announcement —
" Huckleberries is ripe," And the press aU over the country
echoed his announcement. It was customary in forraer days,
as well as now, for people to coraplain of the dilatoriness of the
Legislature. And Mr. Lummus once issued his paper with tbe
usual conspicuous heading — " Legislative Proceedings " — in
one of its colurans, followed by a long blank space. It AVas
thought to be a good joke ; but be said the best ofthe joke was
that it saved tbe setting of so raany types.
The Mirror was discontinued in March, 1832, tbe proprietor
having become involved, and the income not meeting the ex
penses. In tbe sumraer of the same year he published the first
Directory of Lynn, It was a small 12mo, of seventy pages,
with paper covers, and contained such information as is Usually
found in publications of the kind,
Mr, Luraraus now passed sorae four years without any regular,
settled eraployraent. He worked a little at printing, kept a
circulating library for a short tirae, had one or two classes in
French, and several in music. He told rae that in French, his
plan was to learn a lesson one day and teach it the next, thus
: keeping one step ahead of his pupils, and so near thera as to see
all the difficulties of the way ; and his success was so satisfac
tory that one large class made him a valuable present.
In the spring or sumraer of 1836, he coraraenced a sraall
paper, just about the size of the first nuraber of the Mirror,
which he called The Star, and sold at one cent a copy. They
R2

518 HISTOET OF LTNN,
sold well, Soraetimes he disposed of fifteen hundred, and gen
erally frora that down to eight hundred. Yet it must have been
far from a profitable undertaking, for though be might edit
and do all the mechanical labor himself, but little could have
been left aftei; paying for tbe paper and meeting the other sraaU
expenses ; and the advertising amounted to scarcely any thing.
Subsequently he changed the name of this paper from Tbe Star
to The Mirror, thus returning to his first love. And finally he
enlarged a little and raised the price to tAvo cents. This cut
down the sales very much ; and it continued in weakly existence
for a few months more, when declining health obUged him to
abandon it.
Tbe sickness which now seized upon him proved to be his
last. I often visited hira as his life was closing — for being in
sickness and adversity, he was neglected by raost of those who
in his brighter days were benefited by his friendship — and
was usually accorapanied by a dear corapanion, whose brUliancy
be so much delighted in, and Avhose tender sympathy was sd
soothing to hira, and Avho, in the Avays of a raysterious provi
dence was destined soon to follow him into the dark valley. We
found him cheerful, for his christian faith was strong ; and he
seeraed to feel no regret at the near prospect of death. But to
the last, his natural eccentricities would occasionally exhibit
themselves. I reraember tbat on an afternoon just before his
death, tbe bell happened to toll for a funeral. He heard it, and
remarked "Tbere, there is that old bell again; weU, it will
toll for rae, in a foAv days, I suppose," without any apparent
conception that it would strike one as an unseemly remark.
At anotber time, we found him sitting up, eating a piece of
toast, and were surprised to hear hira reply to the inquiry as to
how he felt, •' 0, your grandsir will be well enough in a few
days, I guess." But after he bad retired and we were at his
bed-side to bid hira good night, be explained himself by saying
tbat bis remark, as Ave carae in, might have savored of levity,
and seemed unbecoming; that it had reference to his death,
which would probably take place in a few days ; and he cer
tainly trusted that all Avould be well witb him.
It was on tbe 20th of AprU, 1838, at the age of thirty-seven,
that Mr. Lummus closed bis life. He had marked singularities

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — EBENEZEE BEEED, 519
of character, but always proved so fast a friend and agreeable
-companion that he was universaUy beloved. And he bad such
an honesty of purpose, and strong desire to "do a little good
in the world," as he expressed it, that his memory is more
worthy of being cherished than many of higher pretensions and
greater renown.

ELIJAH DOWNING. — 1777-183?
Mr, Downing was for many years a highly respected citizen,
unassuming in manners, and of great moral worth. He was one
ofthe eariy Methodists, was ordained a Deacon, and did much
to propagate the faith in this vicinity. He held responsible
town offices, and as an acting raagistrate his services Avere
much in requisition. A remarkably retentive memory added
greatly to bis readiness and success. He was postmaster, in
1807. Mr, DoAvning was born in Lynn, in 1777, and was twice mar
ried. His first wife Avas Mary Breed, wbom be married 7 AprU,
1799, and bis children were, Mary, Eliza, EUza again, Mary again,
a third Mary, Elijah, Elijah H., and Joshua W, Only the two
last survived him ; the latter, but a short tirae. His wife Mary
died 17 Noveraber, 1813, and be raarried Clarissa Jacob, his
second wife, 5 July, 1814. By her he bad no children. He
died on tbe 14tb of August, 1838. He was a cabinet-maker,
and lived on North Common street, corner of "Park, His sons
Elijah H, and Joshua W, Avere UberaUy educated, and both
becarae Methodist ministers ; Elijah, however, was afterward
received into tbe ministry of tbe Protestant Episcopal Church,
and reraoved to the south.

EBENEZER BREED. — 1765-1839.
Mr. Breed closed his strangely eventful life in Lynn alras
house, on the 23d of December, 1839, at the age of seventy-four
years. He had been a pauper tbere for many years, and his
life, which opened with unusual proraise, closed in misery and
degradation. Lynn is greatly indebted to bim as one of the
most efficient laborers in the establishment of that business

520 HISTOET OP LTNN,
Avhich has so enriched her, and on which her prosperity con
tinues to rest. He was a native of the town, but whUe quite
a young man reraoved to Philadelphia, where, in a very short
period, by his talents, dUigence, and correct deportraent, be
won the favorable notice of some of the most eminent business
men. One or two natives of Lynn were then in Philadelphia,
largely engaged in business, and occupying high social positions.
Among them was Stephen Collins, a Quaker, who readily ex
tended a helping hand to Mr. Breed, Avho was also a Quaker.
And Philadelphia was at that time, as is well known, a sort of
Quaker paradise. Every thing seemed to operate favorably,
and in a short time he found hiraself in a position prosperaus
and influential.
In 1792 he visited Europe, for business purposes, and Avhile
there did not fail to atterapt soraething for the benefit of his
native country, which having just achieved her political inde
pendence, Avas struggling to place herself in a position to supply
ber own needs in those departraents of the great econoray of
life, necessary for an independent nation. Araong other things
he set about introducing the morocco manufacture into America,
And for his success, the National Coraraittee of Coraraerce and
Manufactures, after his return, awarded hira a vote of thanks.
He appointed an agent at Lynn, to sell to the shoe manufactur
ers tbe fashionable cloth stuffs, such as were used in the best
manufactures of Prance and England. Amos Rhodes, who built
tbe house on the east side of Federal street, next south of the
mill brook, was bis agent, and is said to have become rich on
the commissions. He also sent over some accomplished work
men to instruct the operatives here in the elegancies of the art.
His first object seemed to be to determine that as elegant and
substantial shoes could be made here as in, Europe; after which
anotber step was to be taken.
Soon after the Revolution, shoes imported from France and
England were sold at sucb a cheap rate that tbere Avas but poor
encouragement for the manufacturer at home. The trade at
Lynn Avas languishing, and the most energetic were disheart
ened. At tbis juncture, Mr. Collins, Mr. Breed, and a few others
joined forces in the endeavor to induce Congress to impose
such a duty on imported shoes as would orotect the home man-

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — EBENEZEE BEEED. 521
ufacturers. Congress was at that time holding its sessions in
PhUadelphia, and a good opportunity was afforded for "log
rolling," — 'to use an expressive modern term — whicb even Qua
kers raay not always disdain, Araong the raeans resorted to for
the furtherance of their end was a dinner party, for they were
shrewd enough to know that an appeal to the stomach- is
often effectual when one to tbe head is powerless. The party
was held at the house of Friend Collins, Sundry members of
Congress were present and sundry facinating ladies ; for female
charras are another tbing tbat even Quakers do not despise;
particularly in a case like that before us, where a valuable end
is to be answered, Tbe celebrated Dolly Payne, who afterward
became tbe wife of Madison Avas Qf the party, as weU as Madison
himself who Avas at tbe time an influential raeraber of Congress,
Suffice it to say, a very satisfactory tariff act Avas passed, and
Lynn iramediately coraraenced her upward career, rauch to the
gratification of Mr, Breed and her other dutiful sons then
abroad. •
In various other ways did Mr. Breed, while in prosperity,
exert hiraself for the benefit of his native place. Tbe post-office
was established here, in 1793, through his exertions ; and being
on a social footing witb many prominent individuals in various
parts of the country, be Avas able, in a quiet way, to do raany
things to proraote ber interests, of which few were ever directly
inforraed, for he does not appear to have been one of those
given to boasting of his raeritorious acts.
But the smUes of fortune Avere withdrawn, AvbUe he was yet
in the vigor of manhood. There is some doubt as to the precise
cause of his doAvnward course. In bis reduced condition he
was often in a mood to converse with those in whom he con
fided, on the occasion of his calamities and sorrows. And with
tears in his eyes he has reiterated to me that a severe disap
pointment in a fondly expected matrimonial connection, induced
him to resort to the wine cup for relief — tbat be becarae wed
ded to the destroyer instead ofthe fair object of his nobler and
purer affections, and was thus ruined. But sorae of his friends
had another version, which was, that while in Europe be was
brought into association with the fashionable and gay ; a class,
at that period, almost universaUy derelict in morals, and proud
R2*

522 HISTOET OP LTNN,
of lavish expenditure ; and that in their society he contracted
such habits as unfitted him for the rectified society of his native
land. In short it was asserted that be returned an intemperate,
iramoral man ; and tbat the refined and wealthy lady to whom
he'Avas affianced, in sorrow rejected him, and afterward accepted
the hand of one ,more worthy of her confidence and affection.
In his utter degradation he clung to the fond beUef that he stUl
remained fresh in her raemory, I reraeraber witb what aroused
sensibUities he one day, a short time before his death, informed
me that as she passed through Lynn, during the preceding sura
mer, she made inquiries respecting him, and being informed
of his forlorn condition sent a kind raessage and comforting
donation to him, at the alms-house.
In prosperity, he became acquainted with many leading raen
of the nation, and received letters which be treasured up with
miserly care. Aiid with some asperity he charged tbe overseers
of the poor with wantonly destroying thera. It is not to be
presumed that tbose dignitaries bad any unworthy motive in
view when they assembled around the work-house fire, exam
ined the epistles, and dropped thera one by one into tbe blaze ;
yet, if representations regarding them be true, some autographs
were consumed that would at this time be estimated at a high
pecuniary value. They probably apprehended tbat they were
removing the cause ofthe unhappy hours, as they supposed them
to be, that the poor old man experienced in poring over them —
not realising that he raight be far from unhappy at such hours,
though tears would drop frora his purblind eyes. And to the
honor of the friends of bis better days it should be said that
they did not all forget or neglect bim in his bitter adversity,
I bad occasion to know tbat he received frora thera raany kind
reraembrances and pecuniary gratuities,
Mr. Breed is represented to have been, in bis early manhood,
more than ordinarily correct in his habits, especially as regarded
the use of intoxicating Uquors. It is said that on his occasional
visits here he Avas accustoraed to labor bard for tbe reforraation
of a connection who bad fallen into intemperate habits ; on one
occasion proceeding as far as tbe demonstrative arguraent of
knocking in the head of a cask containing the creature of offence.
His education was quite as good as the common schools of

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — EBENEZER BEEED, 523
his day afforded. I have in my possession a considerable nura
ber of letters which he wrote between 1789 and 1810, and they
would corapare favorably with the letters of almost any busi
ness man now araong us. His expressions are clear and direct,
and his penraansbip unusually fair. And three or four of these
letters I propose to introduce, believing that they Avill add to
the interest of this sketch. All that will be given, with the
exception of the last, were addressed to Araos Rhodes, the gen
tleraan before naraed as his agent at Lynn, London, 7 mo, 17, 1792.
Mt Dear Friend: I intended wi-iting thee immediately on my arrival,
but nothing in particular occun-ing to communicate, have delayed till now.
We had a prosperous passage of twenty-eight days. Since my arrival I have
been into the north of England, to Leeds, Manchester, Birmingham, Shefiield,
Liverpool, &c. I find I shall be ablq to establish a good connection in busi
ness, and though I may not get the goods to answer to my particular plan, yet
I am sensible I shall reap advantages by coming here, I find some goods had
been shipped out to me in the spring, and by letters from Philadelphia leam
they aiTived safe and were foi-warded to thee. Thou wilt do the best with
them, and when the sales are made we will divide the profits, I had goods to
some amount shipped for the faU, from Leeds, previous to my reaching that
place, so that I don't know what they are. Geo. Pennock is to receive them,.
and I expect to be in PhUadelphia in the 9th or first of 10th mo. in time to be
in Lynn before the winter. I have ordered a considerable quantity of bindings ;;.
was at the factory and saw them making them, I shaU not bring out many
other goods than shoe stufis, at present I have met with a cordial reception-
from those to whom I was recommended and have met with as much hospi
tality from others as ever I experienced — have been introduced to many very
respectable merchants and others 
I am, with much love and esteem, thy afiectionate and sincere friend,
Ebenezer Breed,
Mr, Breed remained in England but a few weeks after the date
Qf the above. He then went over to France, to perfect some>
business arrangeraents there. And his flattering success is in
dicated in the foUowing letter : Dunkirk, (France,) 8 mo, 12, 1792,
Mt Dear Friend : I have just beard of a vessel bound to Newbui-yport and;
have only time to inform thee of my mtention to leave this place, this day,,
for London, from whence I shaU shortly depart for America. I received thy
acceptable favor, and am pleased to hear that we shaU be able to vend so many-
goods, I wrbte thee last by the ship WUliai^ Penn, and if nothing happensi
to prevent, shall embark before I write thee again. I have been making aa
excursion to Paris and through some nai-ts of France, Please give my love to.

524 HISTOET OF LTNN,
my parents and inform them I am well. I have sent out some stuffs, but have
not many other articles — thought best not to tUl I returned; but I can have
any quantity of goods from the people to whom I was recommended. I can
not enlarge now, and not knowing whether this will reach thee before I dO)
shall conclude with best respects to thy Elizabetli, and am, dear friend,
Thine sincerely. Eben'r Breed,
In a letter dated about a raonth after tbe foregoing, he says,
"I wrote thee frora Dunkirk, in France — have been to Paris —
was there on the day before the fatal 10th of August," This
was Avritten on the river Tharaes, on board the ship on Avhich
he had erabarked to return to PhUadelphia, He remarks : " I
have several, hundred pounds' worth of goods in this ship, all
insured and paid for."
The following letter gives information regarding a mode of
operating iu shoes, rather common at that period :
Philadelphia, 5 mo. 16, 1793,
Mt Dear Friend : I herewith enclose thee a bill of lading for sundi-y goods.
The invoice I shall send on by post, I wrote thee a few days since by post,
Capt, Needham leaves us tomorrow, and by what I can leam he intends to be
in the shoe business — to lend the shoemakers money on the usual interest,
with the privilege of taking his pay in shoes, they allowing bim five per cent,
commission for selling for what price be can. This mode of business wUl no
doubt do for him, but how will it prove to our business ? Why, it is my opin
ion, and always has been, that I can never do any thing here while shoes are
brought and sold in such a manner. But if it must be so, I prefer Capt. Need
ham to many others. I think if seA'eral of us would join and take such a
quantity of shoes at Lynn as to make them more diflicult for so many hawkers
to get, it would be an advantage. But we might as well think of raising Egg
Rock from its bed, and bringing it to PhUadelphia on our shoulders to exhibit
for a show, in the streets ; and in fact by tbis I think we should make much
more money, Fai-ewell, Eben'r Breed,
In the foUoAving letter Mr.. Breed manifests irapatience at the
poor way in which some of tbe L3''nn shoes were manufactured ;
and frora subsequent correspondence, not here introduced, it is.
judged that his rebukes had a good effect. It wUl be noticed
that be remarks that he is " in a bad way as to business," And
we are impressed with tbe belief that it was about this time that
he Avas getting into a bad way in otber respects :,
Philadelphia, 7 mo, 25, 1793.
Mt Dear Friend : I wrote thee yesterday, since wbich I have seen Daniel
Rufi'and Company, and they want six hundred pairs, or six bai-rels, of exceUent

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — EBENEZER BREED, 525
satinet rand shoes, [Shoes were then packed in barrels instead of boxes.]
I want thee to write me by return post whether thee can have them made, and
at what price we can afford tbem. Tbose shoes thee last sent are mostly on
hand, and I am perfectly sick of doing business in the shoe line here, unless
we can have such as wiU seU. I declare it would be more agreeable to me to
work joui-neywork than be plagued as I am by those who buy shoes bere,
unless we can have better ones. If I call for the money, they begin to show
me the large number of small, unsaleable ones they have left, that they never
can sell, and say I must not expect my pay, &c. &c. And what can I say to
them ? It is so, and so it will be, whUe the shoemakers iri Lynn are a set ox
confounded fools. Ask Samuel CoUins what his cousin Zaccheus has wi-itten
him, and be wiU teU thee it is a rascally business to be concerned in, while
the makers of shoes there have no principle nor poUcy. I don't write this to
blame thee, for I know thy mind too well, and know thee would do weU if thee
had others to deal with. I am in haste now, and in a bad way, as to business,
and see nothing that can be done in the line except we can establish a factory,
I wish thee to procure cash on our goods, if possible, and teU those who deal
vrith thee that unless they can make shoes on more honorable terms we can't
have any from them, I am, my dear friend, thy affectionate E. Breed,
The foUoAving appears to have been written after the sad
blight of the matrimonial anticipations aUuded to, and certainly
seems to indicate a spirit capable of bearing up under such
an affliction, though there is a little something like unsavory
bravado in a passage or two : Charleston, [S, C] 2 mo, 25, 1796,
Dear Amos : I was very happy in receiving, a few days ago, tliy agreeable
favor of 21 December, I had wi-itten thee on my ai-rival here, and suppose
that long before this thou hast received it. Since I vn-ote thee we have been
traveling through a part of this state, and intiended to have gone to Savannah
and Augusta, but tbe late uncommon high freshets in the river prevented.
We spent three or four weeks agi-eeably among the planters, and returned
here last week, when I received thy letter, E, Olden has received great benefit
from tbe jaunt, and I think will recover, I am well and in good spu-its ; feel
very different from what I did when I last wrote thee, I have seen several
of my old acquaintances here and in the counti-y, whom I had seen in Phila
delphia. They treated me with every attention and respedt I could wish, I
now see what a fool I have been, and though I am stUl a friend to my old
 , I think I am as well without her as with ber, I now only wish to be in
some good business ; and I have no doubt that I shall spend many social and
pleasant hours with thee and my other friends, yet, I am not so much dis-
spirited as to be without friends. And I think there ai'e some girls yet left,
who can make me happy. Please give my love to my parents. Tell them I
am vei-y well. I shaU wish to settle our accounts as thee mentions as soon as

526 HISTOET OF LTNN,
possible, and I am endeavoring to inform myself what kind of business can be
done bere in the shoe Une, Several people have inquu-ed after shoes, and I
think I can seU considerable numbers here in future, I expect to return home
by land ; if so, I shaU leave this city in two weeks. If I come by water, I shaU
leave sooner. I wUl write thee again soon. My love to thy wife, Patty, and
mother, and all friends, I am, dear Amos, thy smcere E, Breed,
The next and last letter that can be here inserted bears
unraistakable evidence of distempered faculties, Mr. Breed had
now, for several years, been back to Lynn, his native place, and
at a rapid pace gone downward. At this time he lived in
what is called Breed's End, and procured a scanty livelihood by
cutting shoes. And it is not inappropriate to remark that the
gentleman to wbom this letter was sent, and who was himself at
one time in a large business at New York, and well knew Mr,
Breed, in his , prosperity, with emphasis declared that Lynn
never produced a more promising and honorable business man :
Ltnn, 2 mo, llth, 1805.
Mt Good Friend : Thy favor of the Sth inst. is before me, also a few lines
of tbis moming handed to me by a boy, requesting me to cut some small
shoes before two o'clock, - 1 answer thee in this way ; read the enclosed ; as a
statesman — a neighbor — a friend and brother — I esteem thee; but I ara nbt
able to do more than I have done. Every stretch of thought, every faculty, in
fact all the powers of my poor mind have been exerted ; stiU I am poor and
unhappy. Harris ChadweU will deliver thee those skins I lately received fi-om
thee. I wUl thank thee to return the enclosed slip of paper ; it is a favorite
study of mine ; and though I am viewed by thee as a Drunkard, my feelings
are the same as ever they have been. Accept my thanks for thy former
friendship, and for the present attention thou wilt please to receive the grateful
acknowledgments of "' Thy friend, E, Breed.
Mr. Breed fancied tbat he, had a turn for poetry, and wrote
sorae verses ; but tbe weakness may have been superinduced
by the prominent experience, of a tender nature, which has
been aUuded to, and which is of a character, as is generally
supposed, to incline its subjects to give vent to their feelings in
numbers. He was, however, a much better business man than
poet. For several years he was an opium eater ; and his cravings
for the pernicious drug were pitiable in the extreme. He used,
occasionally, in good weather, to gain leave of absence from his

/biographical. SKETCHES, — EBENEZER BEEED, 527
pauper home, for a day or two at a time, and would then some
times travel as far as Nahant, though his blindness and other
infirmities, during his latter years, compeUed bim to move very
slowly. And on these occasions, if he could procure the means,
he was pretty sure to becorae intoxicated. His person was
gross and uncleanly ; and those who met him on these excur
sions were corapeUed to pronounce him as miserable and forlorn
a looking object as could well be presented to tbe eye of pity.
When in the street he was in constant fear of passing carriages,
jwhich, in consequence of bis blindness, he could not see ; aud, as
"before said, bis gait was extremely slow, I think he told me,
as I met him in Federal street, one summer evening, in 1837,
on bis way bome to the alms-house, tbat he had been the whole*
day in walking thus far from Nahant,
While on his excursions, be would usually take the opportu
nity to ; call at the office of Mr. Lummus, the printer, a bio
graphical sketch of whom has already been given ; and from
that halting place he was never spurned, as he was from some
other places where he desired to rest. He was gene^-ally so
hungry by the time he arrived as to beg for something to eat,
" WeU, Uncle Eben," repUed Mr, Luraraus, on one occasion, " I
can't take you to my boarding-house table, you are so dirty ;
but I'll get you something." Presently the old man was pro
vided with a liberal ration done up in a piece of newpaper,
and the coUoquy resumed something after this sort : " There,
Uncle Eben, see how a little nice cold turkey wiU set on your
storaach." , , , " Why, Charles, I thank thee, kindly. It is a
long time since I have tasted so dainty a thing as turkey.
But" — (after munching a little while) — "tbis don't taste ex
actly' as turkey used to ; and the bones don't feel like turkey
bones. But my eyes are so dim that I can't teU what it looks
Uke," , , . " WeU, Uncle Eben, if you haven't sight you must
eat by faith ; and mutton bones are just as good as turkey, if you
have faith to believe tbey are. So eat away, and be thankful."
But with all his faults, Mr. Breed retained many fine quaUties,
and rays of smothered nobleness and rectitude would not un
frequently gleara forth. And it is painful to reflect that one
whom nature seems to have designed for some high duty should
have so fallen — that one Avho reaUy did so rauch for his native

528 HISTOET OF LTNN.
town, for his country, indeed, should at last have gone down to
a pauper's grave,
Frora a history Jike his, eminently useful, lessons may be
drawn. Our sympathies are naturally touched while contem
plating the condition of one in degradation and distress, who
has seen better days, who has Stood in a position to command
our respect. But to render such lessons most useful it is well
to consider Avhether the degradation and distress were produced
by causes over which the sufferer had no control or are to be
attributed to his own perverse inclination. While, however,
the lesson is being deduced, it should never be forgotten that
it is an essential part of christian duty to endeavor to comfort
and relieve tbe miserable, before we ask what made them so,
I knew "Uncle Eben" weU, and had repeated conversations
with him, though not before he had reached his low estate.
His sad raeraories and utter hopelessness pressed with alraost
insufferable weight, and conspired with his physical infirmities
to render him a most forlorn and pitiable object. And I have
heard his bitter complaints at the taunts of those in brief autho
rity over him. They seeraed to have no just conception of his
still Ungering virtues. By the just, even the offender against
justice is sure to have his raerits acknowledged. And into the
most wretched soul a ray of sunshine darts when it feels that
its little remnant of virtue is recognized and appreciated.

ENOCH CURTIN. — 1794-1842,
Mr, Curtin was born at Lynn on the 25th of July, 1794, and
was a son of John Curtin, His education was not beyond that
afforded by the coraraon schools of bis time. And he content
edly pursued the humble occupation of a shoeraaker. But he
was a raan of far raore than ordinary abUity, Mr, Lewis, who
kncAv him weU, says, " He was a man of estimable qualities,
and possessed great poetical talent. He had a very happy fac
ulty for tbe production of odes and songs adapted to particular
occasions. His raind was inteUectual, refined, and noble, and
he was widely esteemed and beloved," In 1816, he married
Sally Ireson, by whom he had seven children ; and he died on
the 28th of May, 1842, at the age of forty-seven.

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — ENOCH CURTIN, 529
Mr. Curtin furnishes a striking example of unasserted talents.
There is Uttle doubt that nature bestowed on him powers, Avhioh,
had they been fully developed and cultivated, would have made
him eminent as a poet. He appears to have felt assured of this,
but had not sufficient ambition to overcome a natural repug
nance to that earnest and persistent intellectual labor by wbich
alone one can become erainent as a writer. And in bis grave,
perhaps rests another " mute, inglorious Milton." In his seques-
^tered walk as a humble mechanic, however, Avith bis contempla
tive rather than laboring mind, he may have enjoyed more than
he could have enjoyed through the ringing plaudits of a hollow
hearted world. But can any one fulfill his duty to his felloAV
men whUe alloAving talents which might benefit them to remain
unimproved ? And is it not selfishness to prefer a pleasurable
ease to a putting forth of those exertions which would enhance
the enjoyment of others ?
As Mr, Lewis reraarks, Mr, Curtin possessed a very happy
faculty for coraposing odes and occasional pieces. His style
was stirring and eloquent — just what is required, in such
compositions. His pen was in requisition for a contribution for
almost every sort of celebration and dedication ; and the news
boy confidently expected a gloAving address for his patrons at
new year's tirae. If he could have disciplined himself so as to
bestow a little more labor on Avhat raight be caUed tbe finish
of his pieces, eliminating redundances, easing off occasional
rough turns, rectifying an imperfect image here and tbere, he
would, on a final perusal, have been better satisfied witb bis
productions, and they Avould have gone forth with a stronger
recommendation to tbe discriminating reader. In consequence
of this want of care and exactness in expressing hiraself, his
full raeaning does not always at once appear; and hence to
tbe inattentive reader much may be lost. There is a Avide
difference between him and Miss Fuller, in these respects, as
the read,er will at once perceive. Their general styles, too, are
marked by all the differences that characterize" the opposite
sexes ; hers is feminine and sraoothly flowing, his raasculine and
often abrupt. But I har'dly know who would place one below
tbe other as a favorite of the Muses,
As a writer to be read in tiraes not his own, Mr. Curtin
S2 34

530 HISTOET OF LTNN. ¦
labored under a disadvantage. His pieces were commonly
written with reference to particular occasions or localities and
were apt to contain expressions which could hot be fully un
derstood, under other circumstances,' He wrote rapidly, gen
erally on the spur of the occasion, and in accordance with
some special solicitation which his generosity would- not suffer
him to decline ; he wrote, too, without expectation of pecuniary
reward ; and his uniform success establishes the fact of an ac
tive and trusl;worthy genius ; which is certainly to be preferred
to one of the pyrotechnic order, however briUiant or startling
an occasional scintillation may be. He^was unassuming, and I
apprehend Avould have been undisturbed by criticism, as he
might defiantly exclaim, in the language of Wordsworth,
The moving accident is not my trade.
Most writers in verse who have not bad considerable experi
ence nor been subjected to tbe shocks of criticism — and raany,
indeed, who have — injure the^r coraposition by straining after
tbe ornaraental and disdaining the natural. But it seeras to
me that Mr, Curtin, and Miss Fuller, were both singularly free
from such an unfortunate habit. And as every one has a love
for the natural, tbey Avill never cease to have admirers. Their
styles were very different, and so Avere their theraes ; and it is
strong evidence of their appreciation of their own powers that
with eacb, theme, and style were so well adapted to each other.
Mr. Curtin did not confine himself to poetry, by any means.
He wrote a great many excellent prose articles ; some of an
imaginati\'e character, and others on the sober realities of
life. And his pen Avas not unfrequently exercised on political
subjects. He could be caustic if he chose, but Avas dignified,
and seldom trespassed on the strict rules of courtesy. A couple
of specimens of his poetry follow.
SOUND FEEEDOM'S TRUMP !
lAn Ode sung at the Celebration of Independence, in Lynn, July 4, 1831,]i
Sound Freedom's Ti-ump ! The day returns,
The day that gave our Nation birth !
The fire upon our altar buras.
Whose sacred incense fills the earth.
Let crumbling crowns to dust retire,
WhUe Liberty's eteiiial fire,

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. — ENOCH CURTIN. 531
O'er tottering thrones sheds its bright ray,
.\nd round the earth in triumph roUs,
A halo of immortal day,
Whose arch of glory lights the Poles;
Sound Freedom's Trump ! Let each glad voice
Join the full chorus of delight!
This day at Freedom's shrine rejoice,
While Europe's minions sleep ui night!
Despots shall mourn their regal birth.
And sceptres vanish from the earth !
Let mitres in obedience nod,
^ Tyi-anny m ruin hurled,
. And Liberty proclaim her Gtod,
WhUe Freedom's Trump shaU wake the world!
Sound Freedom's Trump, o'er hill and dale !
Throughout Columbia's vast domain
Let songs of joy and mirth prevaU,
And each glad voice repeat the strain.
No tyrant foot shaU tread the soU,
Our fathers bought With blood and toU',
Fu-m as the rocks upon our strand.
To guard the right by freedom given,
Columbia's hardy sons shall stand,
A fearless host — the pride of Heaven !
Sound Freedom's Trump ! Awake ! Ai-ise !
And bid the thundering cannon's roar '
SweU in loud pseans to the skies,
And fill the earth from shore to shore !
Gallia and Grecia shall be free !
And Poland shouts for liberty !
On pillions of immortal fame,
The sacred flame each clime shall bound ;
Then, while Columbia holds a name.
Let holy Freedom's Trumpet sound !
LINES,
Addressed to a young lady of Marblehead, on the death of her brother, who
died at Batavia, in the island of Java, and was buried on a small island,
about half a league from Batavia. In digging his grave a considerable quantity
of curious marine sheUs, of beautiful variety, were found embedded about
four feet from the surface of the earth, a number of which were preseived
and brought to this counti-y, one of them being presented to the author.
Written in 1830. Be hushed thy sighs ! Oh, weep not for the dead.
Who sweetly sleeps within his coral bed ;

HISTOET OP LTNN.
\
Ob, cease to chide the sweUing waves that bore
A loving brother from his native shore
For the trumpet shaU sound
And the dead shall arise.
To inherit a crown
From the King ofthe skies.
No raore the storm shall gather round his head,
No more the foaming waves their crests shall rear,
To shatter his frail bark — no more the lead
Shall tell of rocks, and shoals, and quicksands near.
For behold to unite
In the sweet promise given, *
He has taken his flight
To the mansions of Heaven.
Oft has he braved the perils ofthe deep,
And heard tbe rude winds whistle through tlie shrouds.
Oft has be sti-ove his little bark to keep
Safe fi-om the fury ofthe gathering clouds.
But the clouds have passed o'er,
And the winds are at rest;
He now dweUs secure
In the realms ofthe blest.
Far in the palm ti-ees' shade his bed is found.
Where Indian summers yield eternal bloom ;
Where spicy groves spread their rich foUage round,
And shed then- fragrance o'er his early tomb.
Where the lote shall wave.
And the cypress shall twine,
Till the mariner's grave
Shall its treasure resign.
What though no storied urn points out the spot,
Or marble marks his last retreat from cai-e ;
What though no stone records his early lot, •
Or tells — " The ship-wreck'd mariner Ues there."
Yet to his sad pile
Shall the murmuring surge,
As it sweeps round the isle.
Sing the young sailor's dirge.
Then weep no more ! Oh hush those sighs of thine;
For could thy tears recaU him from that shore,
Where his blest spirit lives in bliss divine,
Methinks, young friend, that thou would'st weep no more.

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — NEWHALL, — COFFIN. 63S
Then ti-ust in that arm.
Whose chastening rod
WiU shield thee from harm —
'Tis the power of God,

JOSIAH NEWHALL, — 1790-1842.
Mr, NewhaU was a highly respected and useful citizen, and for
many years continued to fill tbe most responsible offices in the
town. He was a Representative for several terms, and a Senator
tn 1832 and '33, He Avas one of our largest shoe manufacturers,
for years, and in all bis business relations secured the utmost
confidence of those with whom he dealt. His residence and
place of business were at the east end of the Comraon, In
manners he was dignified and courteous ; and he was exceUed
by none for integrity of character and purity of life. For many
years he was a prorainent raeraber of the Methodist connectionj
and active in benevolent enterprises.
He was born at Lynn, on the 7th of January, 1790, and was
a descendant from Tbomas Newball, tlie first person of European
parentage born in Lynn. He was tAvice married. His first
wife was Lydia Johnson, to whom he was united on the 19th
of March, 1811, "and by whom he had four children — Robert,
wbo died in infancy ; Elizabeth ; Martha, who died in infancy ;
and Harrison, His second Avife was Clarissa Martin, whom he
married in 1832, and by Avhora he had two chUdren — Charles
M., who died in childhood, and Josiah H,, who is now a Metho^
dist minister,
Mr, NewhaU died on the 7th of November. 1842,

EDWARD LUMMUS COFFIN, — 1794-1845,
Dr, Coffin was the third son of Dr, Aaron Lummus, and a
brother of Charles P, Lummus, a biographical sketch of whom
jhas been given. His name was changed to Coffin, which was
the family narae on the maternal side, chiefly because his fatheir
and elder brother, John, Avere at tbe time practising physicians
here and confusion was liable to occur. He was born in Lynn,
on the 14th of December, 1794, graduated at Harvard, and studied
medicine under Dr, Shurtleff, of Boston, He was twice mar-
S2*

534 HISTOET OF LTNN,
ried. His first wife was Mary Rhodes, whom he married in
1823, and by Avhom he had one child, named Edward Everett,
who died in infancy. His second wife was Frances Cutler, of
Cambridge, by whom he had two chUdren — Mary F, and Edward
C, He died at his residence, on Market street, on the 31st of
March, 1845, at the age of fifty, after a painful sickness of more
than two years,
Dr, Coffin was a highly esteemed citizen ; skiUful in his pro
fession, liberal in his views, of generous disposition and affable
manners. He was active in the cause of popular education
and the general diffusion of intelligence ; was much interested
in the common schools, in lectures, and scientific discussions.
And he was not apt to denounce a new thing, without examina
tion, because others decried it as a humbug. I remember when
the first lecturer on animal raagnetisra came to town and dis
coursed in the old Town Hall, with what fairness he joined
thumbs with him, and how patiently he sat under the manipula
tions, entirely undisturbed by the merriment of those in whose
minds the whole thing was forestalled as an imposition. He
was not one of the many who are so excessively timid, through
fear of compromising their dignity, that they suffer the best
opportunities for improveraent to slip by uneraployed. His
labors on the school committee, in conjunction with those of
Rev, Mr, Rockwood, who was likewise an ardent friend of edu
cation, were highly appreciated. And tbeir unity of purpose,
in this respect, did much toward creating a lasting friendship
between them; though on one important matter their views
were essentiaUy different — the Doctor being a decided Unita
rian and Mr, Rockwood a high Calvinist,
He possessed a vein of humor Avhich would sometimes assert
itself in a most pleasing manner ; but he did not suffer it to
override his dignity. Men who fancy themselves wits, and
set themselves up as such, are prone to obtrude their smart
saying as well out of season as in season, greatly to the annoy
ance of others and their own discredit. But tbe occasional saUies
of a genuine and unostentatious humorist, are like placid rays of
sunshine in the world's duU routine. Nor was the Doctor with
out abiUty as a versifier, his productions being usually of a
playful character. His pieces were evidently unstudied ; but

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES.

-EDWARD L, COFFIN,

535

they bear unmistakable evidence of a trained inind and lively
sensibilities. The folloAving appears in the form of a receipted
biU, dated Deceraber 29, 1827, and Avas sent to a townsman into
whose family he had been professionally caUed during tbe year.
His charges were certainly raoderate ; particularly as he ap
pears to have taken stor^, pay,
1827, My frien' good Mr. WiUiam B,
Indebted is to Doctor E,
For sundi'y plUs and potions, '
And credited by more amount,
As will be seen by shop account.
For claes and gloves and notions.
Feb'y. When slippei^ Pisces led the year,
(TaU-tied, for Ipck of better gear.
The stars amang,)
Ye ken I 've charged a groat or two
For self and wife and little Sue,
When caUed to gang,  ''5
March. Item — when crinkled-horned Aries
Looked frowning fra' tbe vernal skies,
Rheumatics boding,  • • 
May. Item — when Maia's gentler reign
Brought in a ghostly croupy train,
Your lugs aye loading,  l-^o
June 24. When canker worms had left the trees,  70
July. And Cancer mellowed down the breeze,
(For wife and wee ane,)  "-37
August When Leo's flaming eye surveyed
AU Sammy's cattle in the shade,
Except — the HE ANE  ^-"^

May He who only has the giftie.
Make you aye cantie, hale and thriftie.
To life's last hour.
May a' the Powers above defend ye,
Fra' croup and toothack always tent ye.
And blue deil's power.
And when adown life's hiU ye 're ganging
May conscience give no fearfu' twanging,
But hopes aye braw,
And may your bonny bairns inherit
Their mither's warth, their father's spurit,
When ye 're awa.

536 HISTORT OF LTNN,
ENOCH MUDGE. — 1776-1850,
Mr. Mudge was born in Lynn, on the 28th of June, 1776, and
was a son of Enoch Mudge, Avho lived on the south side of the
Comraon. At the early age of seventeen years be was licensed
as a Methodist preacher, and the next year joined tke traveling
connection. He Avas the firsit Methodist preacher born in New
England, and continued active in the rainistry for a great nura
ber of years. He Avas a man of fervid piety and great activity
of miiid. His poetical effusions — of which many appeared at
different periods of his life — bear evidence of a mind warmly
in love with tbe beautiful of riature, and his sermons, of a heart
devoted to the good of his feUow men. He married, 29 Novem
ber, 1797, Jerusha Hinkley, a daughter of John Holbrook, of
Wellfleet, by whom he had four children — Solomon H., Anne
B., Mary A., and Enoch R. ; the latter of whora erected the
beautiful Gothic stone cottage at Swarapscot, which attracts so
much attention frora strangers of taste.
Mr. Mudge died in Lynn on the 2d of April, 1850, at the age
of seventy-four, and was buried from, the First Methodist meet
ing-house. At the close of the biographical sketch of Micajah CoUins
may be found some lines from the pen of Mr, Mudge. His
longest production in metre, was, I think, that entitled " Lynn,
a Poem." It Avas written in 1820, and published, in pamphlet
form, in 1826. It comprises some six hundred and fiftyjines;
is not very lively in style, and is hardly calculated to meet the
cravings of a taste that prefers the stimulating to the merely
nutritious. Wit and buraor always irapart a relish to poetic
effusions on theraes wbich are not strictly pensive or soleranly
didactic. Without one or the other, the sentiraent raust be
pleasurable or the imagery glowing to render a piece at all
attractive. But I do not find tbat Mr, Mudge laid claim to
eitber wit or humor. His poetry was rather instructive and
admonitory than pleasing; and it was always valuable for its
moral inculcations and good coraraon sense A'iews, The foUoAV-
ing Unes, vebich were probably Avritten in 1826, are as easy and
pleasant as any thing of his that I have been able to find. The
sentiraent Avill be approved, and the comparisons are suggestive,
though an imperfect expression or two raay be noticed.

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — ASA T. NEWHALL, 537
THE BLISS OF PiETT,
Gentle is the breath of May,
At the eai-ly davra of day ;
Mild the virgin-blushing rose,
When first opening from repose ;
Sweet the odors of perfume,
From the honeysuckle bloom.
Pleasant is the morning ray.
Peeping from the birth of day ;
Pure the gentle dew or rain.
When distiUing o_'er the plain;
Charming to angelic ears,
Is the music ofthe spheres.
All these images are faint.
The Bliss of Piety to paint.
Gentler, milder, sweeter, ai-e
The breatji of Piety and Prayer.
Music, light, and dew, and rain,
All your images are vain.
Breath of light and Ufe divine,
Odors, music, all are thine.

ASA TARBEL NEWHALL. — 1779-1850.
Mr. Newhall was born in the part Lynn that now forras Lynn
field, on the 28th of June, 1779. He was a son of Asa, Avho
was born on the 5th of August, 1732, and was a son of Thoraas,
who was born on the 6th of January, 1681, and was a son of
Joseph, wbo was born on the 22d of September, 1658, and was
a son «f Thomas NewhaU, the first white person born in Lynn,
Mr, Newhall was bred a farmer, and foUoAved the honorable
occupation all his life. He was a close observer of tbe opera
tions of nature, and brought to the notice of others divers facts
of great benefit to the husbandraan. He delivered one or two
addresses at agricultural exhibitions, and published several pa
pers ^hich secured marked attention and elicited discussion.
His mind was penetrating and possessed a happy mingling of the
practical and theoretical ; and he had sufficient en'ergy and in
dustry to insure results. Such a person wUl ahvays make him
self useful in the Avorld, though he may be destitute of that kind
of ambition which. Avould place him in conspicuous positions.
He was liberal in his views, courteous in his raanners ; and

538 HISTOET OF LTNN,
by his sound judgment and unswerving integrity secured uni
versal respect. In his earlier manhood he was somewhat active
as a poUtician, and was deemed judicious and trustworthy. He
was a meraber of tbe Constitutional Convention of 1820, and a
Senator in 1826. He was also a Representative, in 1828,
His Avife Avas Judith Little, of Newbury ; and he had nine
children — Joshua L., Asa T,, Thomas B., Sallie M., Eunice A,,
Judith B,, Caroline E., Hiram L., arid Elizabeth B,
Mr, Newhall died at bis residence, in the southeastern part
(of Lynnfield, on the 18ih of December, 1850, aged 71, and was
buried witb masonic honors.

EZRA MUDGE, — 1780-1855,
Mr. Mudge was born in Lynn, on th^ lOtb of AprU, 1780. He
was engaged in the shoe business, here; for some years of his
early manhood, and afterward went to New York, where he
kept a large shoe store. Subsequently he returned, and re
mained till the first adrainistration of General Jackson, when,
on receiving an appointment in the Boston custom bouse, he
removed to that city,, wbere be continued to reside tUl the time
of his death, Por sixteen years he faithfully represented his
native town in tbe Legislature, having fiist taken his seat there
in 1807, He was a meraber of the Constitutional Convention,
in 1820, and ofthe Executive CouncU, in 1828, He was active
in establishing the Artillery Corapau}', in 1808, Avas one of the
lieutenants comraissioned at the tirae of organization, and cap
tain in 1813,
Mr. Mudge was a raan of unaffected piety, sound judgment,
and agreeable manners. And though his worldly fortunes va
ried, he never lost his integrity nor the respect of his fellow
men. He died on the 25tb of May, 1855, and his remains were
brought to Lynn and buried frora the South street Methodist
raeeting-house, he having been all bis life a consistent adherent
of the Methodist faith. He was thrice married, his first matri
monial connection having been eutered into at the early age of
twenty-one years. His first wife Avas Betsey Brewer, whom he
raarried in 1801, and by wbom he had no chUdren. His second
wife was Ruth Chadwell, whom he married in 1804, and by

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — FEANCIS S, NEWHALL, 539
whom he bad seven chUdren — Ezra A., Eliza B., Ruth C, Ezra
W., Nathan, Hannah, and Sarah W, His third wife was Hannah
Drew, ^nd by her ho had seven children — Lemuel D., WiUiam
B., Hervey M., Sarah C, Mary E., Maria A., and Robert R,
Ezra Warren, the fourth chUd by the second wife, was Mayor
of Lynn in 1856 and '57,

FRANCIS STUART NEWHALL. — 1795-1858,
Mr, Newhall was born in Lynn on the 30th of April, 1795, and
was a son of Winthrop, wbo was born on the 6th of June, 1769,
and was a son of Farrar (or Pharaoh, as be was universaUy called,
and which narae he himself adopted,) who was born on the 15th
of February, 1735, and was a son of Samuel, who was born on
the 9th of March, 1700, and was a son of Joseph, wbo was born
on the 22d of Septeraber, 1658, and was a son of Thomas, born
in 1630 — the first person of European parentage born in Lynn.
Like raost of his coteraporaries, his father being in moderate
circumstances, Mr, Newhall bad but little opportunity to acquire
more than a very comraon education. At about the age of
thirteen he commenced learning the trade of a tanner, Avhich
business his father had followed for some years. Soon after
attaining his majority he engaged in the morocco raanufacture,
and did a considerable business for those tiraes. In 1822, the
firm of F, S, and H, Newhall, famUiar to every body in this
vicinity, for many years, was forraed ; Henry, Mr, NewhaU's
brother, Avho is still living, being the junior partner.
Mr. Newhall removed to New York in 1825, and established
another business house, Avith a tbird partner, Mr. Ebenezer
Burrill — the old firm continuing in Lynn, Although the New
York firm Avas not successful, yet it subsequently paid its in
debtedness in fuU, Returning to Lynn, Mr, Newhall, with his
brother, prosecuted the morocco and leather business with such
energy and success, that they soon became two of our most
wealthy townsmen. The firm was dissolved in 185(1, on account
of the Ul health of Henry, Mr, Newhall continued in trade for
many years, and at the tirae of bis death was in the sole leather
business, in Boston, with his son Henry F,
He was for raore than twenty years a director of tbe Lynn

540 HISTOET OF LTNN,
Mechanics'Bank ; and in 1849, through his exertions the Laigh
ton Bank Avas established, of whicb, with the exception of three'
weeks, in 1856, he was president tiU the day of his death. He
Avas one of the founders of the Lynn Mechanics Insurance
Corapany, which has been reraarkably successful,
Mr. Newhall was araong those earliest interested in tbe Uni-^
tarian society, and continued through Ufe to be one of its most
•active and generous supporters.
He was also active in political matters, and in the days of
anti-masonry Avas several times chosen a Representative to the
Legislature, After the decline of the anti-masonic party he
becarae a whig, and was elected to the Senate in 1843 and '44.
There Avere but few raatters of public interest or iraportance
in Avhich he did not take part. Being an active man, one of
strong points and decided, character, he was usually prominent.
He Avas prompt, energetic, and far-seeing, and possessed very
considerable skill as a financier.
Mr. Newhall was intelligent, social, hospitable, and a man of
rare integrity. In speech he Avas soraetiraes rather blunt ; but
this perhaps arose raore frora his propensity to declare openly
an honest conviction than a natural inclination to harshness.
He was of a liberal disposition, and in mercantile affairs espe
cially, was a raan of rauch influence.
In 1818 he married Lydia, a daughter of Thompson BurriU,
and a lineal descendant from Hon, Ebenezer Burrill, a biography
ical sketch of whom may be found coraraencing ou page 492 ;
and bis children were, Eliza, Persis, Henry P., Lydia A., Maria,
B., and George T.
Mr. Newhall died on the 2d of February, 1858, and was buried
from his residence on Market street, opposite Summer, .

ISAAC NEWHALL, — 1782-1858,
Mr. Newhall Avas born in Lynn on the 24th of August, 1782,
and was a direct descendant from Thomas Newhall, the first of
the name Avho settled in Lynn. He Avas for many years a mer
chaut, and at one time did an extensive business.
He Avas intelligent, and bis literary attainment was considera
ble. In 1831 he published, in a well-printed duodecimo volume.

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — ISAIAH BREED, 541
a series of letters, addressed to John Pickering, in wbich he
endeavored to satisfy the world that Earl Temple was the au
thor of the Junius Letters, The work attracted considerable
attention, though it failed to satisfy mankind that the great un
known were really unmasked.
Mr. Newhall was twice married. His first wife was Sarah
Lewis, a cousin of tbe Lyun Bard, whom be married in 1809,
and by whora he had seven chUdren — Sarah, Gustavus, Marga
ret, Horatio, Isaac, Martha A., and Louisa. He married his
second wife in 1849, and by her bad one daughter — Sarah M.
In bis youth, Gustavus raanifested ambition for literary fame,
and wrote a good many pieces, in prose and poetry, which ap
peared in tbe newspapers, and were well received. Mr, Lura
mus, of the Mirror, thought well of them, and I remember
hearing Mr, Lewis speak of thera as proraising much ; but the
promise Avas not fulfilled,
Mr, Newhall resided frora town a good portion of bis active
life, and was in business at Salera a nuraber of years. But he
returned to Lynn and spent his latter days at the old homestead,
on tbe east side of Mall street, near the mill brook. There he
died, on the 6th of July, 1858. As be was a brother of John
M. Newhall, his genealogy may be traced by recurring to page
487 of this volume.

ISAIAH BREED, — 1786-1859,
Mr. Breed descended from a respectable ancestry Av^hose for
tunes were identified with tbe weal or wo of Lynn, from an
early period. He was born on the 21st of October, 1786, At
an early age he commenced labor upon the shoemaker's seat,
whence he arose to becorae one of the most extensive and
successful shoe manufacturers of his time. He became Avealtby,
and was liberal with his raeans, in aU enterprises calculated to
be of public benefit ; and his private charities were large. He.
was in active business for nearly fifty years, was president of
Mechanics Bank more than thirty years, and was a member of
the first board of Directors of the Eastern Rail-road.
For several terms Mr, Breed ^as a Representative in the
L<3gislature, and be was elected a Senator, in 1839 ; and though
T2

542 HISTORT OF LTDiTN. /
he was not gifted as an orator, his services as a trustworthy
and industrious working meraber, were highly appreciated. In
person he was coraraanding and in manners dignified.
In his social relations — as a kind neighbor and fast friend —
he was worthy of imitation ; and by his virtues he merited the
respect of all. For a number of years he was a professing
Christian of the Calvinistic school, and was most efficient in
establishing the Central Congregational Society ofLynn, toward
which he was eyer generous with his raeans.
Mr. Breed was twice married. His first wife was Mary Blake,
and by her he had five chUdren — Bartlett B., Abba M., Mary
A., Isaiah C, and George R. His second wife was Sally P.
Moore, and by her he had five children — LucUla P., Hervey C,
Bowman B., Francis C, and James H,
For many years his place of residence was at the northeast
corner of Broad and Exchange streets, and there he died on
the 23d of May, 1859.

GEORGE HOOD, — 1806-1859.
Mr. Hood was born in Lynn, on tbe lOtb of November, 1806,
and as soon as he had received the little school instruction
common with dependent youth at that period, was put to shoe-
making. He was of industrious habits and soon began to de
velop business talents of a high order.
Just before arriving at tbe age of twenty -three — that is, in
1829 — in company with John C. Abbott, who was then but
nineteen years of age, he went forth into the wide Avorld to
seel4 his fortune. The united capital of these two enterprising
and adventurous young men amounted to four hundred dollars.
Tbey directed their course to St, Louis, Missouri, then a very
inconsiderable place corapared with what it Avas destined soon
to become through the energies of just such settlers as they.
In a few days after arriving there they were established in
business, and before a month bad elapsed, Mr, Hood, with a
part of their stock, went down to Natchez, in Mississippi, and
coraraenced a branch establishraent; and tbe Natchez trade
remained under bis special charge tiU it was discontinued, in
1835, the principal business aU the time remaining at St, Louis,

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. — GEORGE HOOD, 543
During the last naraed year, Mr, Hood returned and took up
his abode at Lynn, coraraencing a coraraission shoe and leather
store at Boston, though he retained an interest in tbe St, Louis
business tUl 1841, . In the Boston business he continued till the
time of his decease,, Mr, Abbott UkcAvise proved himself a very
energetic and successful business man ; and he also, after a few
years returned to the east, and stUl resides in this vicinity. He
was the first president of our City Bank, and is at present pres
ident of the Shoe and Leather Dealers' Insurance Company, of
S Boston, Mr. Hood had great boldness in his business enter
prises, almost, at times, approaching to rashness, yet his shreAvd-
ness and tenacity seldom failed to carry him safely through.
He was high-minded and honorable in his transactions, and gen
erous toward those less fortunate than himself
Not long after bis return to the- east, Mr. Hood becarae active
in the political field. He was a raember ofthe Democratic party,
fought raanfully for its interests, and was rewarded in various
ways. In one of tbe gubernatorial cam.paigns, he was the ac
credited candidate of the party for Lieutenant Governor ; and
he was at another tirae the regular party candidate for a seat in
the national Congress. In Lynn, he held the raost responsible
offices, and in all of thera performed his duties Avith credit to
himself and benefit to those who had entrusted him with tbe
management bf their affairs. He bad a strict eye to econ
omy in public expenditure, and a generous syrapathy for all
the dependent classes, especially tbe laboririg and the poor, and
was one of the foreraost in breaking up the old custora of indef
initely protracted daily labor, and establishing .the ten hour
system, as it Avas called, wbich is alluded to under date 1850.
He was several times chosen a Representative, was a Senator
in 1843, and a raember of the Constitutional Convention, in 1853.
Mr, Hood was the first -Mayor of Lynn, and held the office
two years, administering affairs with economy, impartiality, and
fidelity. The labor was great, for the raachinery was neAv ; but
be proved hiraself equal to the occasion. And there is abun
dant evidence of the confidence of tbe people in bis ability
and integrity, in .the fact that he was elected Mayor, notwith
standing he had all along been Ojpenly opposed to the adoption
of the city forra of government, ' He was a man of more than

544 HISTOET OF LTNN,
ordinary inteUigence, and gifted with good practical common
sense views. His mind was penetrating, and in the conduct
of public affairs, particularly, he was accustomed to examine
thoroughly into matters.
But yet, after a more than ordinarily successful life, Mr,
Hood's sun went down in a cloud. He died at the Asylura for
tbe Insane, at Worcester, on the night of Monday, June 29,
1859; and his body was brought to Lynn, and buried from
his picturesque residence, at the foot of High Rock,
Mr, Hood's wife was Hermione, a daughter of Aaron Breed,
Tbey were raarried on the llth of September, 1833, and she
survived him. They bad thirteen children — Harriet M., George
A., Adelaide M., Edwin E-, Edwin, Julius S., Henrietta A., Henry,
Caroline P., Aubrey, Ada H.. Edward K,, and Mary,
ALONZO LEWIS, — 1794-1861,
Mr, Lewis was born in Lynn, on the 28tb of August, 1794, in
•A house which still stands on the north side of Boston street, in
the vicinity of Water HiU, and was the son of Zachariah Lewis.
His lineage is given on page 181 of this History.
As soon as be had arrived at a suitable age, he was put to
the town school, and afterward becarae a pupil at Lynn Acad
emy. He evinced a strong desire to obtain something more
than an ordinary education, and applied himself witb such vigor
and assiduity as gave sure presage of success. He never be
came a college graduate, but as early as bis eighteenth year Avas
qualified to teach a common school. At that age he took a
school in Chester, N, H. Tbere he remained but a short time, -
and then taught in Lynnfield. And it must have been about this
period that the affecting episode occurred, which, as some of
his friends have supposed, had a serious effect on all bis after
life ; and of whicb something wiU be said hereafter. In 1823,
he was preceptor of the Acaderay, though he reraained in that
position but a short time, Por twelve years he taught in the
public schools of bis native place, and appears to bavfe had an
ardent love for his vocation, deeply regretting the tirae when
circumstances rendered it necessarj' that he should abandon it.
With touching emphasis he says, "' I coraraenced the profession

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — ALONZO LEWIS. 545
of school teacher from the love of it, and devoted all my ener
gies to its advancement." One of his longest poems is entitled
" The Schoolmaster ; " and many passages might be coUected
from it showing his full appreciation of the stern realities as
weU as high enjoyraents attendant on the profession. He says :
I sing tbe Teacher's care, his daily pains.
The hope that lifts him and the task that chains ;
His anxious toil to raise the gentle mmd, s
His skUl to cleai- the path for youth designed,
His faithful watch o'er life's expanding ray,
To guide young Genius up Improvement's way.
And again : The Teacher's lot is filled with pain and cai-e
Wbich but devoted hearts are fit to bear.
His rank and worth in freedom's cause are gi-eat.
Surpassed by few that bless the public state.
His is tbe task to fit the youthful mind
For all the stations by its God designed.
After Mr. Lewis had closed his labors as a teacher, he chiefly
followed the occupation of a surveyor and architect. Frora the
skill and rapidity with which he could handle his instruments
and make his calculations, and the neatness and accuracy of hia
plans, he soon -became so noted that his services were rauch in
... I
requisition, ' ,'
His judgment and good taste, also, particulariy in the province
of architectural embellishment, were conspicuous. Many charm
ing residences in their romantic ne^tling places araong the biUs
and along the shores of Lynn, bear evidence of his accorapUsh-
ments ; for, having an eye for the beautiful in art and hatiire,
and a discipUned conception of harraony, he could not with
patience behold the loveliness of tbe landscape marred by un
sightly structures, and hence was always ready to suggest and
advise, and even to furnish plans, in instances where he knew
the means of the recipients Avould not-aUoAv of their offering
adequate pecuniary compensation,
Mr, Lewis was three times married ; or rather twice, for his
second companion was an ostensible rather than real wife, and
from ber he was soon separated. His first wife was Frances
Maria Swan, of Methuen, Mass,, a woman of eminent vfrtuesand
rare social attractions. By her he had six children — Alonzo,
T2* 35

546 HISTOET OP LTNN.
Frances Maria, Aurelius, Llewellyn, Arthur, and Lynnwotth —
and she died on the 27th of May, >1839. His other wife, whom
he married on the 27th of August, 1855, was Annie Ilsley Han
son, of Portland, Me. ; and by her he had two chUdren — Ina
and Ion — tbe former of whom died a few months before her
father, and the latter, with its widowed mother still survives.
She proved to him a faithful and affectionate corapanion, no
difference of taste and assooiation, arising from their disparity
of age — he having been her senior by some thirty-six years —
intervening to disturb their domestic tranquillity. The inter
mediate companion alluded to, went through the ceremony
wbich he fondly believed was a valid marriage, in 1852, and
which was thus announced in the newspapers : " Married, in
Providence, R, I., by Rev, Henry Waterman, rector -of St, Ste
phen's Church, Alonzo Lewis, the historian ahd poet of Lynn,
Mass., to Miss Mary Gibson, of Boston, daughter of Rev, Willard
Gibson, soraetirae of Windsor and Woodstock, Vt, We are in
formed that this is a veritable love-match in both parties; they
were engaged at the first raeeting, and the day of their nuptials
was fixed at the second. The fair bride is the daughter of an
Episcopal 'clergyman, and is an orphan, having lost both' pa
rents — only seventeen, beautiful, talented, and accoraplished.
The age of Mr, Lewis is 56." It wiU be noticed that in this
case also there -was a great difference of age — tbirty^nine
years; and the supposed bride seems not to have ^outgrown
some ofher girlish fancies. ,It soon, "however, to his astonish
ment and her confusion, appeared that she had a forraer hus
band stiU living — a young man Avho, from acme cause had
withdrawn frora her side. If she were not derelict in principle,
sbe must have been extremely thoughtless to suppose that ber
mere separation from the first husband would have warranted
her in so hastily and unceremoniously taking a set;ond. It
might, however, have been that she supposed he was not living,
as there appeared to have been reports of his death. In dispo
sition she was lively, with a dash of the romantic, and had ac
quired sorae reputation as a writer in the department of light
literature. Mr, Lewis gained high coraraendation by his History of Lynn,
And he was a poet as well as historian, for he produced many

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — ALONZO LEWIS? Slf
verses which, under critical analysis, were conceded to fully
Entitle hira to the exalted name. But he was not a voluminous
writer, Tho history embraced but about tAV-o hundred and
fifty octavo pages; yet it was so condensed as to contain
inuch raore than its proportions would to appearance aUow;
and unlike most works of the kind — indeed unlike most works
of any kind — seemed in tbe mind of the reader as he proceeded
to expand and shed raore and more light. It has been said'
that historical works are always interesting. But there is an
almost immeasurable difference in the degrees of interest. Mi
nute detaUs often weary ; and yet they often possess an un
speakable charm. Their success depends upon the judgment ,
A!fith wbich tbey are chosen and the skill with which they are
introduced. Who has not perused, again and again, the fasci
nating fiction of Robinson Crusoe ? And wbo does not perceive
that without its rainute details its enchantment Avould not exist?
By an unskillful hand, the story might have been told in a man
ner tbat would have caused its rejection by tbe editor of a
village newspaper, Mr. Lewis's details are never wearying.
And he bad the happy faculty of introducing reflections and
iUustrations that opened extensive fields of useful thought;
a faculty which is of inestimable value in any writer. And his
poems, though collectively -insufficient, by force of raere bulk,
to compel men to adrait his claira to be a poet, were/ yet so pure
in raorality, so refined in fancy, so apt in diction, that the intel
ligent and virtuous found in thera rauch to delight and improve.
Of course those sensation stanzas and crude effusions which he
occasionally threw off for temporary purposes, and to which
he had the unaccountable propensity to frequently attach his
narae, to the daraage of his reputation, are not here taken into
account, for they raay be said not to have been produced by
Mr, Lewis the poet, but by the every-day Mr. Lewis, who had
a sudden impulse, with no tirae to think or elaborate.
Perhaps he indulged too rauch in contemplation to be prolific
as a writer. The most conteraplative are rarely industrious
with the. pen. Unless the words flow with almost miraculous
freedora the task of writing wearies, and the mind soars from it
as drudgery. Ambition to become famous is perhaps the strong
est incentive to what may be called the mechanical exertions of

548 HISTOET OP LTNN,
the Hterary devotee. And that Mr, Lewis possessed enough
of tbis kind of ambition no one who was often in contact with
hira could for a raoment doubt. But yet it was not sufficient
to overcorae the sterner drawbacks to his pen. Say what we
may, the raan of genius who is dependent on his daily toil for
subsistence, often finds a heavy weight upon his fancy's wing ;
though he who is blest with independence may as often permit
fancy to fold her wings in inglorious ease. It may, however,
have been that he thought the little he did was enough to estab
lish his farae. And so it was, in a circurascribed and local sense.
His raeraory will be cherished by the people of his native place
in distant years. But what raultitudes there are born in every
comraunity who have within thera, qualities that might make
thera shine, as poets, indeed, but yet whose lamps are never
lighted. As fervid fires have glowed in the heart of sorae plod
ding tearaster, perhaps, as he traversed the glistening Beach
which our friend so rauch loved to tread, as ever inspired a
Byron, But the unlettered toiler never dreamed of perpetu
ating bis ardent conceptions in a way that would enable others
to rejoice in their light ; n6ver drearaed of appljing his sturdy
hand to the art of coraposition, an art which in truth requires
the curbing of rauch ofthe airy freedom of thought, and Avhich
would bind by exacting rules.
On his History and Poeras the fame of Mr. Lewis, as a writer,
rests, though he wrote a good deal besides ; chiefly, hoAvever,
OB subjects that required little thought or investigation. Pieces
of his appeared in the newspapers scattered over a period of
more than thirty years ; but they were so exclusively directed
to sorae special object of local interest or usefulness that they
met witb no general observation. And here again the bad habit
of signing his narae to effusions prepared hastily and perhaps
nnder exciteraent, would often assert itself to his prejudice, re
ducing the value of a good narae. It must be one of extraordi
nary power and readiness who can add to his reputation in any
such loose way,
Mr, Lewis's celebrity as a writer, hoAv^eyer unwiUing we may
be to concede it, reraained rather local than general, notwith
standing his superior endowments. But this is perhaps attrib
utable to circurastances beyond his control ; for we know the

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — ALONZO LEATIS. 549
aspirations of genius are often governed by the stern demands
of daily life. And one raay occasionally detect, even in his better
poeras, passages that seera to have escaped without due atten
tion, inducing the impression that the labor had become wea
rying, and relief been sought, by the pleasant path of mere
description, frora the severer realms of thought. Nude descrip
tion, however, whUe it raay interest friends and neighbors, and
those to whora the scenes described are farailiar and dear, can
never attain the highest and raost enduring farae, Gray's Elegy
could not have interested Daniel Webster, in his dying hour, as
it is said to have done, siraply as a description of scenes at Stoke-
Pogis. In the great thoughts, so serenely, so siraply, so truth
fully expressed, lay the real power that charraed and soothed
the noble spirit frora whose sight aU the beautiful things of earth
were so rapidly fading. Yet the untaught villager, who homo-
ward plods his weary way athwart tbe gUmraering landscape in
that now hallowed vicinage, looking not beyond the raere de
scription, feels bis heart stirred at the bare mention of things
dear to him as incidents of his home. But when tbe poet takes
his more extended course, ascending above mere description
into regions glowing with thought, where raankind meet be
yond all local limits, he at once attracts the attention of those
whose minds have been trained for the higher purposes of
human life, Mr, Lewis was capable of ascending to that lofty
region, and had he more often directed bis" flight thither would
.iave secured a wider reputation. There are one or two desira
ble qualities, however, with which Mr. Lewis Avas not largely
endowed. He had but little wit or buraor — qualities so essen
tial to adorn and attract, and which can only be compensated
for by the most erainent of the raore dignified attributes. He
had pathos but it was liable to manifest itself in such a form
as to be raistaken for morbid sensibUity.
After what has been said, it is proper to introduce a few
selections from his poems, raaking choice of such as, on consid
erable reflection, are thought to convey the raost clear idea of
his general inclination of thought, his style, and execution;
having an eye, likewise, to the iUustration of his varying
moods. Other pieces, however, which appear in different parts
of this volurae — " The Frosted Trees," for instance, introduced

550 HISTOET OP LTNN.
under date 1829, wiU not be overlooked. The first five of the
extracts that foUow, are from longer pieces, the title-lines being
supplied. lovee's leap.
Delightful Rock ! that towering fair and high, »
Like fancy's vision rises on the view !
How oft at eve, when gentle breezes sigh.
And the sun sets from skies of cloudless blue,
The youthful lover turns his steps to you,
As anciently to famed Leucadia's .shore !
While sweetest channs his joyful thoughts imbue,
As summer tints spread out their smiUng store,
And winds through waving trees resound like ocean's roar.
It is indeed a sweet romantic scene.
As ever poet viewed at close of day !
The spreading forest, clad in richest green,
The joyful birds that tune their evening lay,
And sing their sonnets on tbe slender spray,
The lofty clifi", most beautiful to see, .
Rising above the plain in bold array,
The cheerful squ'ii-rel, chattering on the tree,
That eats his food in peace, and chirps right merrily!
These, and a thousand beauties iiiore, display
Their varied charms to gi-eet the raptured sight ;
WhUe far along the streamlet winds its way
Through fertile fields, that glisten with delight,
And clover plats, with flowers enamelled bright,
That not a bee or butterfly wiU shun :
And in our view throngs many a mansion white.
And ploughman, journejjing home, Avhen day iii done,
And the bright windows blaze beneath the setting sun.
RELIGION — A COMPAEISON.
High in the north, beliold the Pole Star rise, ,
Shining, like Virtue, through the darkened skies ;
While round its orb tlie faithful Pointers veer.
And aid the seaman his lone bark to steer.
So o'er the waves of this inconstant life.
Above the stoi-ms of wo, and passion's strife,
Religion's star with ceaseless lustre glows,
'* To lead the pilgrjm to his last repose !
WhUe, by the tossing deep, with friendly hand, •
The faithful ministers of Jesus stand.
Pointing aloft to that celestial ray,
Which shines to Ught the darkness of our way!

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. — ALONZO LEWIS. 6.51
man's CHANGES,
Man only changes, Man, the foe of man,
Mai-s the bright work eternal Love began.
Malignant passions in bis bosom burn.
And heaven's pure dews to noxious vapoi-s tum.
As desert fountains send their waters clear.
To the bright flowers that on their banks appear,
But through foul regions as they onward glide,
Collect dark stains, and roU a turbid tide;
So gush pure thoughts in youth's extatic glow,
Which sink in age to scenes of crime and wo.
man's LIFE.
Our youth is fleeting as the fleecy cloud
That saUs across the summer moon ! and oh ! .
How beautiful its prospects ai-e ! — how proud
The young heart beats ! — how warm the cuiTcnts flow,
Ere the sti-ong veins have felt the power of wo !
But soon dark clouds our smiluig skies deform, »'
And we are sad. Such is man's life below !
A few dark days, a few long nights of storm,
A few bright summer suns, aU beautiful and wami.
SUMMER RECREATION,
In the sweet grove's romantic shade,
For dearest joys of nature made, .
With a clear streamlet running by.
Whose mellowness reUeves the eye,
While from it powr upon the ear
Such notes as poets love to hear.
And all around, and oyerhead.
Green leaves their soft refreshment shed,
How sweet to sit, in summer day,
Far from the sunbeam's scorching ray,
While not a fear can intervene
To blight the beauty ofthe scene ;
And there, beside tbe whispering brook,
To pause o'er some deUghtful book,
ON THB SEA SHORE, ¦
Along thy sandy margin, level Sea !
I wander with a feeling more sublime '
Than ever yet hath blest my heart, since Time
Unfolded Nature's glorious pageantry !
And in deep silence while I gaze on thee,
Thou Uving picture of a mighty mind!

HISTORT OF LTNN.
The joys of hope and memory combined'
Send their soft raptures through my thrilling heart
The kindred scene recalls the memory
Of friends with whom it was a pain to part,
Of dear and early hours — then, with a start,
As the wave ripples on the nioonlit shore,
I think of that high world, where Pain shaU dart
Her arrows through my heart and veins no raore !
STORM AT NAHANT.
Call np the Spirit ofthe ocean wave.
And bid him rouse tbe storm ! The bUlows roar
And dash their angry surges on the shore !
Around the craggy clifis the waters rave,
And foam and welter on the trerabling beach !
The plovers cry, and the hoarse curlews screech.
As, borne along by the relentless storm.
With tumed-up wings they strive against the wind
The storm-tost ship can no sure haven find,
But black-browed Death, in his most horrid form,
Strides o'er the wave and bars her destined way.
The wild winds in her shrouds their revels keep !
And while the sailors seek the sheltering bay,
Their last ci-y mingles with the roaring deep.
* THB EVENING BELL.
How sweet and solemn is the sound,
From yonder lonely tower,
That sends its deep-toned music round
At twiUght's holy hour!
When every sound of day is mute,
And all its Voices still.
And silence walks with velvet foot,
O'er valley, town, and hill.
When every passion is at rest,
And evei-y tumult fled,
And through the warm and ti-anquil breast ^
The charm of peace is spread.
O, then how sweet the solemn beU,
That tolls to evening prayer !
While each vibration seems to tell
That thou, O God, art there !

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. — ALONZO LEWIS. 653
SONG.
O Love I thou art a joyous thing,
In this cold world of ours !
And yet how oft thy wayward wing
Leaves thorns instead of flowers!
Thy rosy path is glowing bright,
With gems of heaven bestrewn ;
Yet thou canst mingle m thy might.
The dreaded thunder stone.
Earth were indeed a cheerless place,
Without thy soul-like smUe ;
And thou hast that in thy bright face
Whicb. can aU ills beguUe.
The cold in heart may blame thy tmth,
The void of soul may fi-own —
The proud may seek to fetter youth.
And ci-ush its feeUngs down —
Yet StiU thou art the sweetest one
Of all the cherub b-ain,
Whose task is given beneath the sun
To soothe the heart of pain.
The foregoing speciraens afford sufficient means whereby the
reader may judge of the poetic talents of Mr. Lewis. When he
set hiraself seriously at work he produced verses corapact and
polished, ' He was then rigidly artistic, fervor nor passion get
ting the better of settled rule. And his best poeras bear the
strongest evidence of tbe raost elaborate preparation, affording
further evidence that labor and patience bestowed on composi
tion are not wasted. In no case, excepting wbere extraordinary
genius leads the way, is it. safe to trust to raerei • erabtionary
flights, I think Dr. Channing soraewhere advises young min
isters or writers to think deeply and then write rapidly. That
he himself thought deeply is evinced by the light that glows on
every page; and he.no doubt Avrote rapidly; but as to what
followed, let the printers of his generation come up as witnesses.
His manuscript was interlined and re-interlined in such an extra-,
ordinary manner that it Avas almost beyond the power of 'nan
to decipher. And after it was in print, he made appalling havoc
U2

554 HISTORT OP LTNN.
on the proof sheets. There were occasions when the proofs
came from the Doctor's hand so rauch disfigured by alterations
that the distressed printer fpund it raost econoraical at once to
distribute the types and re-set thera. And when he exarained,
eyen a second or tbird proof, nuraerous changes continued to
be raade in words and the collocation of sentences. But it was,
without doubt, to this excessive polishing that his farae for
elegance of composition was in a great degree attributable.
His ideas were probably as fully expressed in the first instance ;
but much of the magic effect flowed from the after marshaUing
of the expressions. Prescott, if I mistake not, someAvhere says
that in the final labor upon his works, be examined thera sen
tence by sentence, to see if any improvement could be raade,
A beautiful lady is a sweet object in almost any garb ; but when
sbe appears handsomely and becomingly clad, is most adraired.
And so of otber things.
There is seldora any thing startUng or vivid found in the
poeras of Mr. Lewis. But his descriptions are aniraated, his
expressions melodious, his rhymes good. There is a delightful
freshness about many of his illustrations ; an enduring value in
his inculcations of purity and benevolence ; a touching languor
in his pensiveness ; a charming earnestness in his faith. It has
sometimes occurred to rae that the -severe criticism which ap
peared in the Cambridge RevicAv, in 1831, had a serious effect
on him, and was the occasion of his being virtually driven from
a field he was so well fitted to adOrn, No doubt tbat unfortu
nate paper was conceived rather in a spirit of heedless sport
than malevolence.. And had the writer seen the effect of his
indiscretion that I saw, he certainly would have deeply re
gretted that he had not chosen some less sensitive subject to
exercise bis youthful satire upon. But had Mr. Lewis possessed
-the spirit and rosolution of a Byron, he might have put his
assaUant to open shame, and turned the occurrence to the ben
efit of both.
Of Mr. Lewis's prose writings nothing need be said in this
connection. His entire history is embodied in the pages of this
, volume ; and his matter is so designated that it can be readily
distinguished. He was for sorae time a newspaper editor; but in that

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. •— ALONZO LEWIS. 555
capacity was not particulariy successful, though he reallymad©
a useful, and interesting sheet. Toward opponents he Avaa
inclined to manifest acerbity, and was, withal, a little egotis
tical. A certain amount of egotism really seems to set becom
ingly on some people, and is useful to them, if accompanied
by good nature and employed with discretion; but as Ex
ercised by Mr. Lewis it can hardly be said to have much
improved him.
In his earlier manhood he made some attempts at fictitious
prose writing. But it was quite apparent that without severe
discipline he could not succeed as a novelist. Much of tbe
charm of that species of literature consists in wellrsustained
dialogue ; and he did not seem able to divest himself of bis own
individuality to an extent sufficient to make his colloquists
appear natural.
He exhibited his poetical inclination in various ways besides
the production of verses. For every locality that charmed,
either from inherent beauty or historic association, he had an
expressive name ; for the solitary glen of the forest and wild
battlement of the shore he supplied a stirring legend ; and many
of the creations of his wealthy imagination #ill endure as long
as the objects they adorn exist.
In the material affairs of life Mr. Lewis was accustomed to take
an eminently practical view. He bad an earnest desire to pror
mote the permanent prosperity of his native place ; and many
suggesttens of his regarding the dry ramifications of trade were
not unprofitably heeded. His public spirit was for many years
conspicuous. As early as 1824 he began to labor for the pro
tection of the Beach, which he saw was in danger of being
ultimately destroyed by the ravages of the tide. He pertina
ciously pressed foi: the erection of a substantial granite wall,
such as would at onctf prove a safeguard from the assaults of
the ocean, and a fitting embeUishment of art to one of the raost
beautiful objects of nature ; aud at one tirae he was much elated
in the hope that government would undertake the Avork, But
he was destined never to be gratified by the sight of a more
Bubstantial and comely erection than a line of red cedars with
marine debris interwoven and flanked by an embankment of
loose stones and sand. The construction of the road to Nahant

556 HISTORT OP LTNN,
alon^the harbor side of the Beach was an enterprise carried
forward very much through his instrumentality ; and it was a
measure of great public utUity, as any one who has ever been
compelled by the tide to pursue his weary, way upon the ridge,
can testify. The light-house on Egg Rock was also estabUshed
more through his exertions than those of any other. It is ques
tionable, however, whether in this matter, he did notvaUoAv his
fancy to get the better of his judgraent, as raany have always
thought that a light on the point of Nahant would answer quite
as good a purpose, and be rauch raore convenient. Yet it raay
not be true tbat the convenient is always to be esteeraed above
the ornamental and picturesque. The real question, without
¦doubt, should be, which wiU in the largest degree conduce to
improvement and enjoyment. The City Seal was draAvn by him,
and its embleraatical representations afford evidence of his prac
tical turn and poetic conception ; though the engraver should
have suggested that soraething a little raore simple and clearly
defined would have looked better.
It can not be said tbat the life of Mr. Lewis was an event
ful one. No more striking incidents attended bis career than
fall to the comraofl lot, with perhaps one or two exceptions.
He spent alraost the whole of his days in his native place, only
once or twice, and then for brief periods, making his home
elsewhere. His worldly condition can hardly be said ever to have greatly
flourished. His mind was one that could not be seduced to the
pursuit of wealth, as a leading object. While a teacher, his in
corae was sufficient to supply all common wants, but insufficient
to enable hira to lay any thing by for future necessities. And as
in that capacity the vigor of his life Avas spent, when he was
compelled to resort to other pursuits, his gains were often pre
carious. There were occasions, indeed, when by his own decla
rations, he Avas not exempt from absolute want. In November,
1860, only two months before his deatb, he writes, " my daily
support is a daUy miracle," But it is not to be believed that
he many tiraes found hiraself in any thing like an extreraity of
want, surrounded as he was by those who would have deeraed
it a privUege to rainister to bis necessities, but Avho, frora feel
ings of delicacy, might not, under mere suspicion, make proffers

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES, — ALONZO LEWIS, 557
that they feared he would, in a moody moment, repulse as ob
trusions. The mind of Jilr, Lewis was of a peculiariy sensitive texture,
and constantly disturbed by what to raost persons would seem
bnt trivial oceurrences. ^e was likewise keenly alive to the
opinions pf others; and his thirst for praise almost assumed the
forra of an absolute disease ; yet his mind was of too high an
order to be satisfied with the cheap compliments that were
bestowed upon bim. And in his case was furnished a notable
instance of a longing for tbat which, Avhen attained, had no
power to satisfy. Some minds are of such noble quality tbat
they receive the praise of the mean, vulgar, and wicked, as an
indignity. But it is quite as much as can be expected of most
people, that they look with indifference on the censure or praise
of the Avrong minded. And if Mr. Lewis had disciplined him
self to this he would have passed a great many more happy
hours. Constituted as he was, it wiU be perceived tbat he could
not always be at peace with those around hira, for few are
accustoraed to overlook demands engendered by such a temper,
demands which might- not unfrequently be put forth with aspe
rity and petulance. But beneath bis soraetiraes unpromising
surface there always dwelt that which was really noble and
congenial ; and raany a cultivated raind has passed witb him
intervals of sweet and profitable coraraunion.
It is not worth while to deny that every one loves to see his
name in honorable connection, in print. And in a local history,
almost every person who has in any way raade hiraself conspic
uous, expects tbat his narae Avill appear. I have heard Mr,
Lewis censured for not noticing this or that individual, as if
his silence arose frora prejudice. But the coraplaints were as
likely, perhaps, to have bad their origin in wounded pride as in
an honest desire that the most healthful examples should be
presented. Reflection wiU convince every reasonable person
that many are conspicuous in ways that it would do no good to
celebrate, and that multitudes who are known only in the most
circumscribed sphere are more deserving of having their names
perpetuated. The historian must himself act as judge in. all
such matters, and is presumed to have a conscientious appreci
ation of his responsibiUties, And be far better shows his integ-
U2*

558 HISTOET OF* LTNN,
rity by silence than by elevating tbe unworthy, who, from
some meretricious surroundings have become objects of raoraen
tary observation. That Mr, Lewis had strong antipathies and
prejudices, his raost ardent friends would not deny, \ But that
he Avas unable to exercise sufficient control over them to pre
vent their having an influence in the preparation of his History,
we will not admit.
He had a kind heart, and few were more ready to aid others,
though his interest might be compromised by his benevolence.
He never turned his back upon such as carae recoraraended by
misfortune. And numberless good offices did' he perform with
out the hope of reward and without receiving even the cheap
return of gratitude, StUl raore ; raany and many a tirae was he
subjected to the severe trial of suffering the taunts of those in
prosperity whom he had befriended in adversity ; a trial so
much beyond tbe coraraon limit of huraan endurance that the'
inind which can escape unembittered raust be raore than ordi
nary. And when, under sucb trials, he Avas led to complain,
his coraplaints should not 'so often have been regarded as the
raere ebullitions of a diseased sensibility. In the piece just
quoted from he says, " Within a short time I have been taunted
in the street for ray poverty."
That large class of. Unenlightened men who are ruled by the
love of money are accustomed to vfeAV the- poor, however raeri
torious or exalted by genius, with disdain. But the raen of
genius, even while they can really feel nothing but conterapt
toward their arrogant brethren, generally have sufficient saga
city to avoid offending thera, as frora them they may,' by that
flattery which always reaches the vulgar mind, derive benefits —
the fiattery which supposes intellectual superiority. But\Mr.
Lewis's mind was not one that could easily yield to the airs of
the supercilious, and hence be often subjected himself to indig
nities where the cringing would have received favors. He says,
" If I, like others, had devoted my life solely to my own interest,
I raight now be reveling in wealth; but your hundred thousand
dollar raen, who never knew what it was to want a raeal of
victuals, can have no idea of him who has to support a faraily
without raeans," This is a raournful truth ; but Mr, Lewis was
not the man to make it known in a way to ensure relief. In his-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, — ALONZO LEWIS, 559'
complaints, which he occasionally put forth in the public prints,
he was rather incjined to take a step beyond the sublime in
pathos, and his emotional extravagances eicited feelings very
different frora pity. Witness the following: "I have spent
more than forty years in endeavoring to convince the world
tbat love is the essence of true religion, and no person ever
lived in Lynn who has been so much abused, lampooned and
traduced as I." He probably wrote tbis in a moment of excite
ment occasioned by the taunt of some vulgar assailant, Avho by
most men of his understanding would have been passed by un
noticed ; and he should not have hastened to a printing office
and sent it forth under his own hand; for the truth is that it
would be difficult to point to anotber individual in tbe whole
history of Lynn, who presented himself as such a shining mark,
and escaped with so little lampooning,
Mr. Lewis was eminently what is called a self-made man ; and
to his industry and perseverence as much as to bis natural gifts
was his success in the way of fame to be attributed. But it
may be assuming something to say that industi-y and perseve
rence are not as much natural gifts as any others', though usu
ally they are spoken of rather as habits. Indeed is it not true
that the great raajority of those who are conspicuous, not to
say illnstrious, in the world, have no inteUectual superiority
over the mass of those by whom tbey are surrounded, but are
raised by vigorous and continued effort in tbe pursuit of a defir
nite object? But not many possess tbat earnest persistency
without which very few indeed can ascend the heights of renown.
And bow raany, be it repeated, feel, aU their lives tbat tbey
have tbat within, which, if developed, would exalt, but who yet
dreara their lives away, finding at the close tbat tbey have but
floated along, with the coraraon tide, day by day gilding their
dreams with the expectation tbat tbe tirae was approaching
when they were to arouse and valiantly pursue tbe upward
career. It seem as if there were a destiny shaping our ends.
A great poet has said that Providence prepared a niche for
every man. But if that be tbe. case, one is alraost constrained
to believe that it was left for each to find his oAvn, and tbat
most niches had, through blindness or perversity, become filled
by wrong occupants. Somehow eariy habits, social attractions.

560 HISTORT OF LTNN.
or drear misfortune seera to have intervened to prevent what
might have been, and we behold tbe wit of a Voltaire spent in
raising a laugh among sooty-faced workmen ; the reflection of a
NewtOn in calculating the moves on a greasy checker-board ;
the skUl of a Linnaeus in arranging posies for a country lass.
These are incidents which appear araong the mysteries of human
life ; and there are others. Do we not every day behold in
high places of bo'nor and trust multitudes who would better
becorae the railler's frock or flsherraan's fear-naught; in the
pulpit and at the bar nurabers who should never have looked
beyond the luraber woods or arable fields for their spheres of
usefulness ?
Under the baleful influence of an inordinate love of raoney,
many denounce the person who is not constantly toiling in some
pursuit tbe end of which is raere pecuniary gain, as indolent, or
in sorae way deluded. , And if they are able to perceive and
appreciate any thing of intellectual superiority or moral exalta
tion, they avoid an open and honest recognition of it, affecting
to despise Avhat they cannot attain. And the world's censures
drive many timid souls from the higher path of duty and enjoy
ment. It must have been delightful to the mind of Mr. Lewis,
as it is to every enlightened raind, to divest itself of the clog
ging interests of the present and flee to the communion of the
noble and virtuous of the past. Most men live only in the
present, having no apprehension of their power to enjoy ex
tended lives, lives reaching back to times over which multiplied
years have thrown a lustrous veil. But the inteUigent lover
of history has this iUimitable field of enjoyment open before
hira ; here he holds coraraunion Avith the better representatives
of our race, undisturbed by the agitations of active life around
him; here he comes, a quiet spectator of ^the great draraa
which has been performing ever since tbe world began, WhUe
the selfish and sordid see no benefit or enjoyraeijt in thus re
verting to the past, tbe pbUosopher and philanthropist deerait
among the most useful and elevating occupations of maflkind.
It has been said that Avere it not for the historian or the bard,
the greatest name would soon pass into oblivion. And without
the historian or the bard tbe most brilliant era would soon
become obscured. To them is the worid indebted for the safe

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, — ALONZO LEWIS. 561
transmission of all that is worthy of being handed along from
age to age, for the preservation of noble names and useful
knowledge. And do not these reflections snggest that our little
community owes a debt of gratitude to the Historian and^Bard
who labored to maintain a record of ber Avorthies and to per
petuate a memory of her pleasant scenes ?
That Mr, Lewis himself had a more than ordinary craving for
posthumous fame is not to be denied. And with such a longing
it is not remarkable tbat he should have been wiUing to labor
without the hope of any such reward as with raost people
would be the incentive to diligence. While in a strictly moral
sense sucb a craving may not be applauded, it yet may make
the possessor an instrument of rauch good. And in the case
of our friend, the beneficial results were very great, A raind
constituted Uke bis derives ranch pleasure from the pursuit of
its darling object. And be no doubt received the most satisfac
tory compensation for his toU in tbe conviction that his fame
would survive and his name be lauded through generation after
generation,. And bis name and his fame will survive — survive
aud be green in the meraory of raen long after tbe great mul
titude of those of our comraunity who proudly conceived them
selves essential to the welfare of the worid, are forgotten;
though a better fate will attend the names of those few whose
meritorious acts gave tbem a place in his History.
Multitudes begin a good course with energy, pursue it to a
certain point, and then relax their efforts, having gained, as
they would have it, the point for which they strove. And
these, having set their standard too low, quit the world without
having accomplished half tbat was in their power. And it is
doubtful whether Mr. Lewis should not be ranked araong these.
He certainly did not do aU he was capable of doing. After the
production of his larger voluirie of Poems, ahd his History, he
seemed to feel as if his work were chiefiy done. His mind, though
it returned often and lingered fondly about tbe pleasant paths
of literature, appeared soon to weary and turn to other pur
suits. But circumstances that he could not govern may have
enforced this seeming indifference, for he says, referring to a
proposed new edition of his History, " In the morning I set
about the History of Lynn, but my wife comes in and inquires,
36

562 HISTORT OF LTNN,
'What are we going to have for dinner?' " — an inquiry which
certainly might, under the erabarrassments of real penury, be
expected to haye a depressing effect,. As a, general thing,
small pecuniary returns attend literary labor. And praise is
better calculated to satisfy an erapty head than an erapty stom
ach. The two editions of bis History, Mr, Lewis asserted, in a
newspaper article, in 1860, were published at a loss. In a Lynn
paper of the 22d of June, 1844, which was a few weeks before
the issuing of the second edition, the editor remarks "We are
informed by Mr, Lewis that he began at the pond on the Com
mon and went to Emes's factory, in Saugus, and obtained only
fifteen subscribers." And it is not at all probable that he was
more successful with his Poeras than with his History, for the
market value of prose is generally above that o"f poetry.
Such were the contrarieties of teraper possessed by Mr, Lewis,
that he was like no other raan ; and it was coraraon for even his
intiraate friends to reraark that they did "not know how to
take him." It would be difficult to analyze his character, and
unfair to examine it by any but the most flexible rules.
In eariy life he had turns of dejection. And after he had
arrived at manhood, similar turns, in two instances, matured
into insanity, and it was found necessary to place him in an
asylum. But in his later years, the turns were rather of irrita
biUty than dejection.
And this seerag. a proper place to state that sorae of the
friends of Mr. Lewis have thought that his whole after character
was affected by an affair of the heart which transpired in youth.
He had becorae ardently attached to a young lady who could
not reciprocate his tender impressions. And when he became
convinced that it would be fruitless 'to prosecute his suit, a
period of deep depression supervened, weighing down his
spirits for months. The detaUs *of such affairs are not often
made public ; and as the pain is endured in sacred privacy few
can readily perceive, in a given case, the sufficiency of the cause
for the effect'. The worid is altogether too apt to scoff at such
occurrences, and by unfeeling taunts increase the anguish of
tbe wounded heart ; they pity one who has lost a few doUars,
but for the yearning heart tbat cannot attain its dearest object
have nothing better than a sneer. There was certainly some-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, — ALONZO LEWIS, 663
thing in the character of Mr, Lewis that bore likeness to one
thus affected. He had times of sadness when outward affairs
seemed brightest, and tiraes of irritability, apparently arising
from a disturbance of the contemplation of softened raeraories.
In religion, Mr, Lewis was soraewhat vacUlating, at least so
far as the outward manifestation Avas concerned, he.having at
different times joined various professing bodies — tbe Calvinistic
CongregationaUsts, Methodists, and Quakers, for instance. But
he never swerved from a cordial acceptance of the christian
faith, and for the best part of his life was a meraber of tbe Pro
testant Episcopal Church, doing rauch to sustain the early foot>
holds of Episcopal worship in Lynn, I should judge frora his
occasional reraarks, that araong his accepted doctrines was that
of predestination, in an enlarged sense, though it did not appear
day by day to yield in him its ripest fruits, for it seems to be a
doctrine, wbich, whether true or false, if fully and cordially era-
braced, raust impart a very great degree of rest and corafort to
the mind. So long as a raan iraagines hiraself capable of shaping
his own destiny, he will reraain restless and ^unsatisfied. But
if he sincerely beUeves hiraself tbe chosen instruraent to work
out the will of a beneficent Superior, and has disciplined , him
self to the docile performance of bis behests he will feel an in
describable freedora from disturbing cares and distrusts. If his
condition is humble he is contented, because be is there, a
necessary link in the great chain that binds time to eternity,
dim for a while, but perhaps in the course of events to becorae
as bright as any. If he is in affiuence he feels no pride, because
no merit of his own placed bim there ; and though the same
Providence that assigned to hira bis present position raay here
after have a very different one for hira to , occupy, he feels pre
pared courageously to raeet what be cannot escape. The hearty
predesti'narian is unassuming in prosperity, pAtient in adver
sity, unmoved araid the greatest calaraities, heroic on the
'redest battle field. What did the doctrine do for the early
New England settlers — what for tbe charapions of the English
Commonwealth? But there is such a propensity to throw the
shadows of a grim and exacting theology over it, Avhen aU
should be trustful, bright, and hopeful, that it becomes cheer
less and repulsive to raany a warra heart. To such a raind as

564 HISTORT OP LTNN.
that of Mr. Lewis, it seems as if, in its full acceptance and
effect, it must have been an inexhaustible source of comfort.
There was nothing particularly striking in the personal ap
pearance of Mr. Lewis; yet he would generaUy have been
noticed as one of raarked character. He was of medium height,
good form, and erect carriage. His bead was large, his fore
head high, his eye bright. He had a pleasant smile, but seldom
indulged in a hearty laugh. During most of his manhood, he
closely shaved his bear.d ; but for his last few years that digni
fied appendage was allowed to take its natural course, with
now and then a slight trimming. Up to raiddle life he was
rather raore than ordinarily careful in the matter of dress,
though never foppish. But in his latter days he hardly paid
that attention to exterior appearance becoming one in bis posi
tion. He never, however, appeared in a garb that the fastidious
need caU unseemly. Black, the more genteel color of tbe day,
he seldom chose, preferring gray or some otber modest mixture,
A cloth cap or low-crowned hat usually adorned his head.
He was thoughtful, but not abstracted ; and whether in com
pany or in the street, nothing worthy of reraark was liable to
escape his notice. He was fond of attending scientific, philan
thropic, and other lectures, and often, when a fit occasion
presented, took the opportunity to express his approval or
disapproval of what was uttered. And he was not opposed to
any rational amuseraent.
His constitution Avas naturally good, and capable of great
endurance, as tbe severe tests to wbich he was subjected -in his
surveying excursions, during the incleraent seasons, abundantly
proved. About two years before his decease, he greatly failed
in health, though he kept about, and to a considerable extent
attended to his ordinary duties. His supposition was that he
had been poisoned, whUe surveying in the woods. His final
disease, however, was softening of the brain. It is not likely
tbat he suffered much pain, and his last hours were passed in
an ^unconscious state.
In his picturesque little cot by the sea side he breathed his
last, on Monday tbe 21st of January, 1861 — the little cot, reared
partly by his own hands, which bad been his home for many
years; where he loved to study and to muse; to watch the

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, — ALONZO LEWIS,

563

serene light that proclaimed the peace of nature, or the weird
mist that heralded the roaring- storm ; where the spent waves,
whispering beneath his window, calmed his spirit for nightly
repose, and the solemn pulsations of the mighty deep swelled
in majestic harraony Avith the lone throbs of his poetic soul;
where the wail of his ocean dirge may stiU be beard ; and where
he penned these entreating though unheeded lines,
O, bury me not in the dark old woods.
Where the sunbeams never shine ;
Where mingles tbe mist ofthe mountain floods
With the dew ofthe dismal pine !
But bury me deep by the bright blue sea,
I have loved in life so well ; ',
Where the winds may come to my spirit fi-ee.
And the sound of die ocean sheU,
O, bui-y me not in the churchyard old,
5P the slime ofthe doleful tomb! '
Where my bones may be thrust, ere then- life is cold,
To the damp of a drearier gloom!
But bury me deep by the bright blue sea.
Where the friends whom I loved have been ;
Where the sun may shine on the grass turf free,
And the rains keep it ever green !

SAGAMORE COTTAGE  (acSIDENCE OF ALONZO LEWIS,)
Mr, Lewis was buried from the Central Congregational meet
ing-house, in Silsbe street, on Wednesday, the 23d of January,
The day was cloudy, damp and chUl, and there was a singu-
V2

566 - HISTORT OF LTNN,
larly small attendance. The housff was cold, the services were
brief, and attended by no special solemnity, Sorae passages of
Scripture were read, the choir sang a few appropriate strains, and
an extemporaneous prayer was offered. But no eulogy oi' dis
course of any kind was uttered. The reraains were exposed to
view, for a short time, in the porch, and thence conveyed to
their last resting place, in the Old Burying Ground near the west
end of the Comraon, where his father and mother lay.
And so passed frora earth Alonzo Lewis, the historian and
bard ofLynn — a raan who labored much for the good of others,
and especially rejoiced in the prosperity of his native place —
who in life was often called to drink of a bitter cup, but who,
God ^rant, may have an overflowing cup' of joy in the world to
which he has gone.

DANIEL COLLINS BAKER,— 1816-186S,
Mr, Baker was born in Lynn on the 12th of October, 1816,
and was a son of Elisha Baker, His parents were Quakers, and
he was a pupU at the Friends' Boarding School, in Providence,
R. I. On the 19th of December, 1838, he raarried Augusta, a
daughter of John B. Chase, the cereraony taking place accord
ing to the custora of the Friends ; but he did not continue in
the faith of his fathers. He had three children — Williara E.,
Helen, and Sarah E,
Mr, Baker was a man of great activity in business, and stood
so well at the tirae the Howard Banking Corapany, of Boston,
went into operation, that he was chosen its president. Good
fortune, however, did not always attend his operations; and
particularly by the disastrous terraination of the great Nahant
Hotel project be raet with considerable loss.
For sorae years he was a zealous politician, and frequently
in office. In 1849 and '50 be was elected to tbe Senate ; at tbe
organization of our first City Governraent be was chosen Presi
dent of the Coramon Council ; and in 1853, be was elected
Mayor, As a presiding officer, he stood high, disposing of busi
ness with facUity and deraeaning hiraself with great courtesy, •
Mr. Baker was a little inclined to display, and joined heartUy
in public entertainraents and political demonstrations. He was

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, — BENJAMIN P, NEWHALL, 567
liberal in sentiraent, free in expenditure, convivial in habit, and
had a kind heart. He built the fine residence on Franklin
sbeet, opposite Laighton, and resided tbere for a nuraber of
years. His deatb took place on the 19th of July, 1863, at New
Orleans, where he had been doing business for sorae months.

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN NEWHALL, — 1802-1863
Mr. Newhall was born in that part of Lynn now constituting"*
Saugus, on the 29th of AprU, 1802. He was a son of Jacob,
who Avas born November 1, 1780, and was a son of Jacob, known
as Landlord NewhaU, who was born May 3, 1740, and was a son
of Locker, who was born^Noveraber 12, 1708, and was a son of
Jacob, who was born March 27, 1686, and was a grandson of
Thoraas, the first white person born in Lynn.
The circumstances of Mr, NewhaU's father were such, that he
was early taught the necessity of self-dependence ; and naturally
possessing an inclination to accumulate, he soon formed habits
of industry and frugality. But in his first labors he bad a
higher incentive to diligence than the selfish one of mere accu
mulation. The necessities of a loving raother with other help
less children, stimulated him to the most strenuous exertion.
Some time before his death he prepared a sort of autobiogra
phy, in whicb many of his early struggles and experiences are
detailed in a manner always interesting and often affecting ; and
an occasional passage from it wUl add much to the value of this
sketch. The following, wbich is found under date 1815, and
relates to his mother, can hardly fail to be read witb einotion.
And who Avill not be ready to say that with such a mother, a
child who would not do his best raust be hopelessly perverse.
The growth of the religious eleraent, which was so conspicuous
in his character throughout all his active life, and which often
attracted the attention of his business associates, is easily ac
counted for. He says :
How weU do I remember in the late hours of night, when father was away and
her dear ones were sleeping, tbat she would come to my bed-side, and kneel
ing with overflowing heart pour out her soul in prayer that God would pre-
seive her dariing boy from the snares so thick ai-ound him. She thought I
was a«leep, but I was awake and the sUent tear moistened my young cheek,

568 HISTORT OF LTNN,
and I avowed before God, tbat a mother's prayers should not be in vain. How
often she thus kneeled at my bed-side when I was asleep, I know not, but
doubtless quite often.
How many times I wished that I were older, and had some good work so
tbat I could support her. I frequently entreated her, for work, but not shoe-
making, as I could not like that. I often used to go into the chocolate mill,
and soon learned to handle tbe pans, paper the chocolate, and do other Ught
work. I liked it, and begged her to get me a chance in the mUl. But she
told me that only men worked there, I was sorry, but not disheartened.
He however got a chance in the raUl, 'and then coramenced
his first regular work, though he had previously assisted his
father a Uttle in the shoemaker's shop. But be had a great
dislike for shoemaking. At this time he was thirteen years old.
Autumn came, and the chocolate making commenced early and promised
weU. I implored my mother to get me work. Sbe went to Mr. ChUds and
told her stoi-jl!. He said if I could work well I might come in. Well ! I knew
vvbat I could do, and never was a boy better pleased than I when I heard the
decision. My mother made me a frock of a cocoa bag, and I was proud as a
king. Never shaU I forget the day when aU arrayed I marched to the miU and
went to work. Old  and  were the men. [The names are all given
in the manuscript, but for obvious reasons should not all appear in print.]
 drank a great deal of rum, and was cross and ugly ; but I was determined
to please him, for I knew that tbere aU my hopes depended ; be was master,
and what he said was law; even Mr. Childs dared not dispute him. When
he spoke, I sprang, and ran, obeying his evei-y nod. Besides that, I did the
very work he wished me to do, and no other, I soon got his good wiU, and he
was always kind to me.
But to come back to tbe \woi-k, I, a boy not fourteen years old, and the
business requiring labor night and day, found it hard. To go to work at
sunset and continue tUl sunrise, four nights in the week, I could scarcely
endure, and sometimes declared — " This shaU be my last night." But when
the beautiful sun shone in the morning I felt better, and encouraged to go on.
I hated shoemaking, and was yet determined to earn something for my mother.
If I could earn eighty-three cents a day by working night and day, it was to
me a great sum. "I now think that such labor for a boy was too much ; but I
was ambitious. My mother often wept at my exposure and extreme labor ;
and perhaps I am now reaping the harvest grown from the seed then soAvn,
Sometimes she would say that the work was too hard, and I had better quit
it ; but I could not think of it ; work I must, and work I would. Mr, Childs
would stand and look with astonishment to see me paper the chocolate so
much faster than was ever done before. From the beginning to the end of a
week I did not get into a bed. When the tide was over we would spread the
hot cocoa, and throwing a bag over it make it a bed. In cold weather, the
steaming cocoa was inviting ; but I now think its effects were bad. But with
aU the hard work and suffering, I got through my first winter at the mill ; how

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, — BENJAMIN P, NEWHALL, 569
I bore the fatigue God only knows ; some unseen hand supported me ; and
when I was just on the, point of giving up, several times, some impulse of
mind forbade it, God helped me.
Passing on to 1818, when he was ^ixteen years old, we find
him still pefsevering in labor, stimulated by the same high
motives. In the spring of 1818, having got through with mUl work, my mother en
gaged me to go to work for Jesse Rice, on Nahant, So the next morning I
started fbr my new field of labor, I was pleased with the idea, and thought
how pleasant it would be to work at Nahant in summer. My labor was farm
ing I went to work with eaniestoess, but soon found that Mr. Bice needed
an experienced farmer and a strong man, I could not hold a heavy plough,
witb two yoke of oxen ; I bad not learned to, and was not stout enough ; Mr.
Rice saw it and was sorry ; and so was I, After a week's trial, he told me
that the work was beyond my strength, and I had better seek some lighter
labor. He said that when I grew older and stouter I might come again, I
thanked him, he paid me well, and I returned home.
This season I learned to blow rocks ; and the work being new, I took hold
in earnest. For a vybile I did not charge the rocks, but before long I learned
to, and could do it as v?ell as any body,
I think it was in June [181 8] that Mr. Smith sent for me to go up and tend the
"chipper." This was a machine to cut up the smaU blocks of cam-wood, to
chips, so that they could be ground. It was a dangerous machine, and several
had already been injured by it. Smith cautioned me to be very careful ; and
the caution was weU given. I have often wondered how my mother dared
to risk me at such dangerous work. All went on well enough for a while. I
thought myself master of the business and grew heedless. One day in care
lessness I put my left thumb under the axe, and cut it ofi: I started, and
could hardly believe my thumb was lost, havuig scarcely noticed the accident
by the pain; a pin's prick would have hm-t me more. I took tbe severed
member, put it on its place, and started for'the house, holding it on. Smith
saw me commg ; I saw him, and remembering his caution, laughed. He said,
"You have cut off your fingers." I went in, sat down, and he took a good
sized needle and thread and sewed it on. I bore it pretty well, and after it
was done started for home. My mother was soi-i-y, and wept, and at once
sent me down to Dr. John Luramus, that he might look at it. He examined
it and expressed some doubt about saving the thumb, but said he would try.
The night foUowing was dreadful, I slept none, and in the morning went
down to the Doctor's again, repeating my visits to him for several successive
days. Finally the severed thumb was cast into the fire, and the wound dressed ;
and it was neariy two months before I got weU,
The foregoing is sufficient to give an idea of the eariy strug
gles of this more than ordinary man. And. we must pass on
again, till we reach the year 1825, when he was twenty-three
V2*

570 HISTORT OF LTNN,
years of age, dbout wbich time, in company with another, he
coraraenced a smaU trading estabUshment in Canada, Thither
he made two or three journeys. But on the whole they were
unsuccessful, and the enterprise was abandoned. After various
other trials, successes, and mishaps, he arrives at the age of
twenty-eight. He had now, 1830, just returned from Canada,
having closed up there, and goes on to speak of his condition.
prospects, and determination, as follows :
I reached home in safety the next day, and found aU weU as usual, I was
glad to get once more wbere I was known, though I hardly knew what to do
with tbe debts which I owed on the store business. However, by the assist
ance of my uncle Makepeace I paid up the smaU debts, and got one or two
ofthe largest creditors to wait. The next step was to get into some business,
that I might support my famUy, The shoe business presented the fairest
prospect, as I thought ; so I hired a smaU room in the upper part of what is
now the Henry Nichpls house, got trusted for one bundle of leather from Isaac
Bassett and a dozen of kid from John Lovejoy, and hired of John Emerton
fifty dollars, giving hira a mortgage on my horse and wagon for security.
With this smaU outfit I went to work, fuUy determined that nothing on my
part should be wanting to ensure success, I kept an exact account of all I
bought and sold, so that I might at any time know whether I was making a
profit. Every thing in business was as dull as could be and workmen were
hard to be got. But perseverance, and prudence were my motto. After three
months of close application, I found a little had been made. This was to me
encouraging, and I labored on. Never shaU I forget how hard it was to se^l
shoes in Boston. The seller had to beg, and be insulted besides. But no
discouragements deterred me ; and I now look back and see a kind and over
ruling Providence in all.
I considered this the beginning of Ufe with me, and felt determined to suc
ceed, if prudence and economy would ensure success. I began with the
determination not to give a note if I could avoid it. So, buying as I did, on a
credit, I let accounts run six months, and then conti-ived to settle them
either by giving some business note wbich I took, or making the payment in
cash. After a short time I made my plan work well, Tbe first of January
and the first of July, in every year, were to be my settling times with evei-y
one. Most of my accounts vi^ould then have run six months, and I was entitled
to tliree months more clear credit on a note. When the first of January came
I had passed all my fall sales, and had notes or cash for tbe same. When thp
first of July came I had rhade all ray spring sales, and had cash and notes for
them. So the advantage of fixing on these dates for settlements will be seen.
I could then endorse the business paper that I had taken and thus settle all
my bills, or could get notes discounted Emd pay the cash, I got this machinery
of business well estabfisbed, and never deviated from it in all the time that I
foUowed the business, Thomas Raddin had then got into a fan- business and

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, — BENJAMIN F, NEWHALL, 571
had established a good credit at the Commercial Bank, in Salem, and he intro
duced me to the president, WUlard Peele, Esq., and thus I obtained the
advantage of getting a discount as often as I wanted one. This was every
thing to me, as money matters were then situated, I was very punctual in
aU my payments, and so my credit grew better and better.
It would be instructive as well as interesting to follow him
in his business operations all the way up till the tirae when
he became firraly established as one of the most successful,
shrewd, and wealthy business men in the vicinity, and speaJi
more at large of his integrity, proraptness, perseverance, and
industry ; but allotted space wUl not perrait. His projects were
often bold, but never characterized by tbat reckless adventure
so often seen araong tbose who make haste to be rich. He
by no raeans confined hiraself to one kind of business, but com
monly, to use an expressive phrase, had several irons in the fire
at the sarae tirae ; yet he was so active and watchful that none
appeared to suffer for want of attention,
Mr, Newhall's education was procured at the comraon school,
Avith tbe exception of a short attendance at the New Market
Academy, and the more important exception of his own private
application. He was qualified to teach in the comraon schools
of tbe tirae, when he was a young raan, and did teach, for one
,pr two brief periods, before he becarae settled in business.
The religious element was always strong in his mind. He
became a professing Christian while a youth, joined the Metho
dist connection, and preached a little before he had attained his
majority. He however, some years afterward, swerved from the
faith he first professed and became a Universalist, He was a
man of strictly raoral life and a friend to all enterprises calculated
to proraote raorality and education. In public affairs he took a
warra interest, and originated a number of beneficial projects.
On the 25th of April, 1825, he married Miss Dorothy Jewett,
of Hebron, Ct., and bad six chUdren — 'Benjamin, Cbarles J.,
Herbert B., Wilbur F., Ellen M., and Alice A,
He was a man of raediura stature, and in the prirae of Ufe was
active in bjs movements, and capable of enduring much fatigue
and exposure. But for two or three years before his death, he
suffered greatly from chronic rheumatism, which reduced him
to the sad condition of a cripple. He kept about as long as

572 HISTORT OF LTNN,
possible, but for many months was almost tbe whole time con
fined to his roora, and much of the time to his bed. It was a
sore trial to bim, for his mind was as vigorous as ever. Yet
he bore his affliction Avith a patience and resignation seldora wit
nessed, though his pains were at tiraes excruciating. He often
sat up in bed to write down his thoughts, to read, o,r arrange
those worldly raatters which he knew were soon to pass into
other hands. He died on Tuesday, the 13th of October, 1863,
It now renlains to speak of Mr. Newhall as a writer. He
wrote a great many articles, in prose and poetry, which ap
peared in the newspapers ; some of Avhich attracted considera
ble attention. If all that emanated from his prolific pen could
be gathered together, voluraes raight be filled ; and among it
would be found much of sterling value. But it raust be said
that he wrote too much to do full justice to hiraself — tbat be
did not always take sufficient tirae to investigate and consider
his subjects. But a great portion of what he wrote was elicited
by occurrences of temporary interest, and not expected to pos
sess an enduring value. He however wrote raany pieces tbat
were never published, sorae of which would undoubtedly do
credit to his meraory, should they appear in print.
The raost valuable of his published prose writings were hi,3
Historical Sketches of Saugus, wbich appeared in numbers, ii\
the Lynn Weekly Reporter, commencing in December, 1858,
and continuing on through two or three years. They did not
claira to be a connected history, but were rather a collection
of facts, traditions; and rerainiscences, interspersed with descrip
tive passages, refiections, and suggestions. They were exceed
ingly interesting ; and had he been raore exact in bis stateraents,
instead of so frequently referring this or that event to about
sucb a tirae, would have possessed greater value. But that
exactness is just what requires the greatest labor at tbe histo
rian's hand ; and he had not the time to spare in such gratuitous
service. He did more than could have been expected, aud has
furnished a vast number of hints and rauch useful raatter for
sorae future historian.
He commenced a dalliance with the Muses at an early age,
and became quite a skiUful versifier. Under date 1819. at
which time he was seventeen years old, he says :

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. — BENJAMIN F, NEWHALL, 573
There was in the neighborhood an old maid called Betty Brown, She was
a gi-eat tattler, or at least had the reputation of being one. And so I wrote
my first verse : Betty Brown is of renown.
Throughout the neighborhood,
Tells all she knows, where'er she goes.
But never tells no good.
It wiU be obseived that I had never studied grammar, to understand it, and'
did not then see that in my first verse I was violating a very important gram
matical rule. But no matter ; it was my first effort.
He wrote on all subjects and had a happy faculty of adapting
his style to his raatter — ^^ being grave or gay as occasion required.
But be had too much natural kindness of heart often to be severe.
His rhymes were usually good, and at times showed considerable
ingenuity. In sorae pieces there ran a pleasant vein of quiet
humor which now and then broke up in a fiash of satire.
The reUgious element so conspicuous in bis character, has
been referred to. It produced .in the weary and painful hours
of bis last sickness much comfort ; raaking him patient under
his sufferings, and inspiring a confident expectation of a happy
issue out of all afflictions, Tbe following pieces bear evidence
of a devotional, trusting, and thankful spirit, and are, I think,
fair specimens of his poetry. The one entitled " Lines on My
Sixtieth Birth-day," I believe he considered his best piece.
There certainly are some passages in it worthy of being read and
re-read. But it should be reraarked tbat authors are not usually
the best judges of their own productions, Circurastances un
known or unappreciated by the reader may give them a ficti
tious value' in the mind of the writer. The other piece — that
entitled " Answered Prayer," was dictated when prostrate upon
his bed, a few days before his death. It was his last piece,
LINES ON MT SIXTIETH BIRTH-DAT.
[Aprii, 29, 1862.]
How noiselessly the wheels of time have roUed along their way,
And brought once more — perhaps the last — my cherished natal day,
. Wbich on the dial-plate of time, counts up the three score years,
Some brightened by a sunny smile, and some bedewed by tears.
Just three score years have passed away, since I, a baby boy,
First pressed that dear maternal breast, and gave a mother joy
And made a father's heart rejoice, with pure paternal love.
But those warm hearts have ceased to beat— their home is now above.

i HISTORT, OF hrma.
I yet remain ; but oh, how changed ; the chUd of three score years
I cannot recognize at all in that which now appears ;
And were it not for consciousness that I am still the same,
I should suppose the change complete in all except the name.
But what are three score years to me? Although the life of man,
'T is only, in the web of life, the tiny infant's span,
The lightning's flash, the arrow's flight, the dew upon the spray,
Today 't is here, tomorrow gone — thus life is passed away,
The tender ties of early days, which rendered life so sweet.
The weight of three score years have crushed beneath its giant fee
Leaving a loving heart in grief bowed down beneath its weight,
Adopting, as a last recourse, submission to its fate.
Few ties remain — how dear to me — they now surround my bed
To wipe away the gathering tear, and soothe my aching head ;
A precious boon-^-a gift of heaven — a ti-easure more than gold —
They smooth each day, life's rugged way, as I am growing old.
What mixture in the cup of life, which I so long have quaffed.
How joy and gi-ief, and smiles and tears, have mingled in the drafl
But I bave almost drained the cup ; and little now remains.
Excepting life's infirmities, its sufferings, and its pains.
Whatever Uls may yet betide, howe'er disease and pain-
May rack this mortal tenement, O, may I not complain.
But humbly rest in God's right band tUl life's short race is run,
And say, with my expiring breath. Thy wiU, O Lord, be done

ANSWERED PRATER,
For many years my prayer bath been,
That I might end this mortal race.
Without severe and torturing pain.
And, calm and easy, die in peace.
And nov^ the Lord hath heard my prayer,
Assuaged my pains so oft severe,
And given my frail body rest.
The little time that I am here.
I 'U give Him praise, whUe life and strength
Shall let me speak my gratitude.
And with my last expiring breath,
I 'U calmly breathe — the Lord is good.

CHAPTER IV.

TABLES,

GOVERNORS OF MASSACHUSETTS,
•It is so convenient for the reader of a history in any way connected with
ojir Commonwealth, to have a list of the Governors at hand, that one is here
^iven. Down to tbe year 1631, those ofiicei-s were elected by the Company,
in England. From 1631 to 1679, inclusive, they were chosen annually by
the people here. After the dissolution of the first Charter, in 1684, afiairs
were administered by a President, In 1687, Sir Edmund Andros became
Governor, under a royal commission. In 1689 he was deposed by the people,
who then elected Simon Bradstreet, President, and afterward Govemor. The
Governors under the second Chai-ter, commencing with Sir WiUiam Phipps,
in 1692, and ending with Thomas Gage, in 1774, were appointed by the King.
With Hancock commenced the line of State Govei-nors.

1631. John Winthrop.
1634. Thomas Dudley.
1635. John Haynes,
1636, Henry Vane,
1637, John Wmthrop,
1640, Thomas Dudley,
1641, Richard BeUingham,
1642, John Winthrop,
1644, John Endicott,
1645, Thomas Dudley.
1646, John Winthrop,
1649, John Endicott,
1650, Thomas Dudley.
1651. John Endicott,
1654, Richard BfeUingbam,
1655, John Endicott,
1665. Richard BeUingham.
1673. John Leverett.
1679. Simon Bradstreet,
1687. Edmund Andros,
1691. Simon Bradstreet,
1692, William Phipps,
1694, WiUiam Stoughton.
1699. Earl Bellamont.
1700. WUliam Stoughton.
1702. Joseph Dudley.
1715, William Tailer,
1716, Sarauel Shute.
1722, WiUiam Dummer,
1728, WUliam Burnett,
1730, Jonathan Belcher,
1741, Williarn Shirley,

1749. Spenser Phipps.
1753. WiUiam Shirley.
17,56. Spenser Phipps.
»1757. Thomas Pownal.
1760. Francis Bernard.
1769. Thomas Hutchinson.
1774. Thomas Gage.
1780. John Hancock,
1785, James Bowdoin,
1787, John Hancock,
1794, Samuel Adams,
1797, Increase Sumner,
1800, Caleb Strong,
1807. James SuUiyan,
1809, Christopher Gore,
J810, Elbridge Gen-y,
1812. Caleb Strong,
1816, John Brooks,
1623, William Eustis,
1826, Levi Lincoln,
1834, John Davis.
1836, Edward Everett,
1840, Marcus Morton,
1841, John Davis,
1843, Marcus Morton,
1844, George N, Briggs,
1851, George S, BoutweU,
1853, John H, Clifford,
1854, Emeiy Washburn,
1855, Henry J, Gardner,
1858. Nathaniel P, Banks,
1861, John A. Andi;ew.

(575)

576

HISTORT OF LTNN,

I

,

SURNAMES

Of all Residents of Ltnn, from the time the Plantation began, in 1629, to

the year 1700,

Most names were spelled in

different ways ; ¦

but in this list it

was not thought necessary to foUow the almost interminable variations, I

have seen in a

single deposition the same name spelled in

as many as five

different ways

It is probable

that a few of the individuals remained here but

a short time.

A,
Bourne,
Cole.
FarneU.
Gustin.
Aborne,
BoutweU,
Colesworthy,
Farnsworth,
H,
Adams,
Bowdoin,
Collins,
^arr. Farrar,
Habbei-field, '
Allen.
Brabrook
Cooper.
Hacker,
Alley.
Brand,
Cowdi-y,
Farrington,
Hackett,
Almy,
Braun,
Cowper. (?)
Feake,
Hale,
Amey,
Bredean,
Cox,
Felt.
HaU,
Anderson,
Breed,
Cranston.
Felton,
HalsaU,
Andrews,
Brewer,
Croft,
Fern,
Halsye,
Appleton,
Briard,
Cross,
Ferniside,
Hammond,
Archer,
Bridges,
Crowiiinsheld
Fish.
Handfoi-th,
Armitage,
Brier,
D,
Fisk,
Harcher,
Atwill.
Briggs.
Dane.
Fitch,
Hardraan.
Atwood,
Brimsdell.
Daniels.
Flint,
Harker,
Audley,
BrintnaU.
Darling,
Flood,
Harlow,
Augustine,.
Brisco.
Davis,
Floyd,
Harndale,
Axey,
Brooks.
Dawes.
Foster,
Hart.
Ayers,
Brown.
Deacon,
Fott,
HaskeU,
B,
Bryan,
Dent,
Fraile,
Hagkins,
BachUer,
Bugell,
Derick.
Freeman,
Hathorne,
BaUey,
Burcham,
Desborough.
Fuller,
Haven.
Baker,
Burchsted,
Dexter,
Fulton.
Hawkes.
Ballard.
Burden,
Dillingham,
G.
Hawkins,
Bancroft.
Burge,
Diman,
Gaines,
Hay,
Barber.
Burges,
Dingley,
.Garder,
Haynes.
Bard.
Burn,
Dispaw.
Gaunt,
Healey,
Bartoll.
Burnell.
Diven.
Geere,
Hedge,
Barti-am,
Burnet.
Dixey.
George,
Hewes,
Bassett,
Burrage.
Dole,
Gen-y,
Hill,
Bates.
BurriU,
Doollttle,
Gibson,
Hilliard,
Batten.
Burt,
Douglas,
Gifibrd,
Hinkson,
Batter.
Burton,
Downing,
Giles.
Hitchens,
BeaU.
Butler,
Driver,
Gillow.
Holloway.
Beans.
C.
Drumer,
Gilloway,
Holham,
Belcher,
CaUum.
DugaU,
Gingle.
Holsworth,
Belknap,
Canterbui-y.
Dugglers.
Goddard.
Holyoke,
Bennet.
Carman.
Dyer,
Godson.
Hood.
Berry.
Caseley,
E,
Golt.
Hort.
Bessey,
Catlin.
Eaton,
Goodale.
Houghton.
Blackmore,
Caulkins.
Edmunds,
Googe.
Howard,
Blanev.
Chadwell.
Edwards,
Gool.
Howe,
Blighe,
Cheever,
Egg,
Gott,
Howell.
Bliss,
Chillingworth
Elderkin,
Gould,
Hubbard,
Blood,
ChUson,
Elkins,
Gowing,
Hudson,
Blott,
Churchman,
Ellis,
Graves,
Humfrey,
5'y:
Clark,
ElwiU,
Gray,
Hurd,
Bolishar,
Clement.
Errington,
Green,
Hussey,Hutchins,
Bootfish,
Clifford,
Estes,
Greenland.
Booth,
Coates,
Ewington,
Greenwood.
Hutcbinson,
Bordman,
Cobbet,
F,
Griflin.
L
Bound,
Coldam.
Fairfield.
GrunnUl.
IngaUs,
IngersonIreson,Iverts, Ivory, J.
Jacobs.Jefferds.Jenks.Jenkins.Jewett. Joceljm.
Johnson. Jones.Joyce. K.
Keayne. KendaU.
Kertland.Keyser. King.Kirby.Kirman.Kneeland. Knight.Knott. '
L,
Laighton. Lambert.
Lane.Langley. Larrabee.Lathrop.Lay. Leader.Lee.Legg-Leonard.Lewis.Lightfoot.Lilley.Lindsay.Locke. Longley.
Look.LoveU.Lye.Lyscom.Mackalum. Maddock.

TABLES.

Mansfield,

PhiUips.

SUsbe.

Mapliesdarme.

Pickering.

Simon.

Marshall.

Pickman.

Sifnmons.

Mai-tin.

Pierson.

Siverns.

Mavrick.

Pigden.

Skiff:

Mayfield.

Pinion.

Skipper.

McDugal.

Pool.

Slawson.

McMallen.

Pope.

Smith.

Meriam.

Potter.

South.

Merrihue.

Pray.

Spenser. -

MUls.

Prichard.

Stacey.

Milner.

Proctor.

Stanbury.

Moody.

Puffer.

Standish.

Moore.

Purchis.

Stanley.

Morgan.

Putnam.

StaiT.

Morley.

R.

Stai-ke.

Mower.

RamsdeU.

Starkey.

Munyan.

Rand.

Stearns.

N,

Read.

Stevens.

Narremore.

Reddibg.

Stewart.

Neck.

Rednap.

Stocker.

Needham.

Reith.

Storke.

Negus.

Reynolds.

Stowers .

Newhall.

Rhodes.

Styche.

Newland.

Rich.

T,

Newman.

Richards.

Talmadge.

Nicholson.

Richardson.

Tarbox.

Normington.

Riddan.

Tan-.

Norwood.

Ring.

Taylor.

Nye.

Roach.

Teague. (?)

O,

Roberts.

Thacher.

Oaks.

Robinson.

Thom.

Oakman.

Rogers.

Thompson.

Oliver.

Roolton.

Thorne.

Otley.

Rooten.

Thoyght.

Otway.

Roots.

Thrasher.

P,

Rowland.

Tilton.

Paine.

Rummary.

Tiiigle.

Parker.

S.

Tolman.

Parsons.

Sadler.

TomUns.

Partridge.

Sails.

Tooley.

Patience.

Salmon.

Tower.

Paul.

Salter.

Towne.

Payton.

Sayre.

Townsend.

Pearson.

Scott

Trask.

'PeU.

Seccomb.

Tree.

Penfield.

Sharpe.

Trevett.

Pentland.

Shepard.

TrumbuH.

Perkins,

Sherman.

Tupper.

Person.

Shore.

Turner.Tuttie.
Tyler. U.
Usher. V.
Veal. (?)
Vincent.Vinton, W.
Wade.
Wait. Wales.
Walker.WalsaU. Walton.Wardwell.
Warremore.Wathin.Watts.Welby. WeUman.
Wellmore.Wells. West.
Wheat. Wheeler.White.Whiting. —
Whitridge,Whittemore.Wight.Wiley. WUkins.Williams. WUUs.
Wilhnan. Wilson. Wilt.Wing.Winsor.Winter.Witt. Witter.
Wood. Woodey. Woodman.
Wormwood.Wright.

ASSISTANTS AND COUNSELLORS,
1634 to 1641, John Humfrey, ? /!,.:_?.„»=
1646 to 1656. Robert Bridges, I Assistants. ^
Oliver Purchis was elected Assistant, in 1685, but "declined bis oath.

1721,1731 to 1740,
W2

John Burrill, ?
Ebenezer BurriU, J

Members ofthe Crown
Governor's CounciL 37

>578

HISTOJIT ,DP LTNN,

REPRESENTATIVES OF LYNN.
Down to 1634 the General Cpurt was composed ofthe whole body of
freemen, and individuals were sometimes fined or censured for not attending
to their legislative duties. In May ofthe year just named the first House of
Deputies, or Representatives was formed, as it had begun to be felt ^at the
attendance of all the freemen was a great inconvenieaice. The following is a
list of those sent from Lynn, down to the close of century J700, The list
would be quite extensive if continued to the present time, and would hardly
be of suflicient general interest to compensate for the space it would occupy.

1634

May 14,

Nathaniel Turner,

1656 to 1658,

Thoraas Laighton,

Thomas Willis,

1659,

Thoraas MarshaU,

Edward Tomlins.
1660. May 30.
Thomas MarshaU.
1635
March 4,
Nathaniel Turner,
Timothy Tomlins.
Dec, 19,
Thomas MarshaU,
Oliver Purchis.
May 6,
Nathaniel Turner,
1661.
Thomas Laighton,
Thomas Smith.
1662.
[None.]
Sept. 2.
Nathaniel Turner,
1663,
Thomas Marshall;
Edward Tomlins,
1664, May 18
Thomas Marshall,
Thomas Stanley. '
Aug. 3,
John FuUer,
16.36.
March 3.
Nathaniel Turner,
1665 to 1667,
Oliver Purchis,
WUliam Wood,
1668,
Thomas Marshall,
May 25,
Nathaniel Tm-ner,
1669 to 1673.
Oliver Purchis,
Daniel Howe,
1674 to 1678.
John Fuller,
Sept, 8,
Timothy Tomlins,
1679.
Richard Walker,
Daniel Howe,
1680 to 1683.
Andrew Mansfield,
1637.
April 18,
Timothy Tomlins,
1684 to 1686.
Oliver Purchis,
Daniel Howe.
1687 and '88.
[None.]
1638.
March 12
. Timothy Tomlins,
Edward Howe.
1689.
Jeremiah Shepard,
Oliver Purchis,
1639,
March 13
, Timothy Tomlins,
1690.
[None.]
Edward Howe,
1691.
John BurriU, jr.
May 22,
Timothy Tomlins,
Edward Holyoke.
1692.
,John BurrUl, sen,,
John Bun-iU, ir.
Sept. 4,
Edward Tomlins,
"But one to serve at a" time,"
Edward Holyoke,
1693 to 1696,
John Bumll, jr.
1640,
May 13,
Tiraothy Toralins,
1697,
John Burrill, sen.
Richard Walker,
1698 to 1701.
John BurrUl, jr.
Oct. 7.
Tiraothy Tomlins,
1702.
,Tohn Person,
Edward Holyoke,
1703, March 1,
John Person.
1641,
June 2.
Edward Holyoke,
May 13.
Sarauel Johnson,
Richard Walker.
1704.
John BurrUl, jr.
Oct. 7,
Edward Holyoke,
1705,
Joseph NewhaU,
Nicholas Brown.
1706,
John Pool.
1642,
Edward Holyoke.
1707. (Speaker
) John Burrill, jr.
1643,
Edward Holyoke,
1708.
Samuel Johnson,
Edward Tomlins.
1709. (Speaker
) John Burrill, jr.
1644.
Robert Bridges,
1710.
John Person.
Edward Tomlins,
1711 to 1719.
John BurrUl, jr.
1645.
Robert Bridges,
J 720 to 1724.
Richard Johnson,
1646.
(Speaker,
Robert Bridges,
1725.
Ebenezer BurriU,
Thomas Laighton,
1726 and '27,
Thomas Cheever.
1647,
Edward Holyoke.
1728 to 1730.
Ebenezer Bun-iU.
1648,
Thomas Laighton,
1731, May 17,
Ebenezer BurrUl.
Edward Holyoke.
June 4,
Richard Johnson,
1649 to 1653,
Thomas Laighton,
1732,
Richard Johnson,
1654.
James Axey,
1733 to 1739,
William Collins,
1655,
John Fuller,
1740 to 1742,
Thomas Cheever,
Thomas Laighton,
1743 to 1745,
William CoUins,
TABLES,

579

1746. 1747 and '48,
1749 and '50,"
1751, 1752 to '56,
1757,1758 to '62.
1763, 1764 to '73,
1774, May 19,
Oct, 17.
1775, Feb. 1.

Ebenezer Biirrill.
WUliam Collins.
Benjamin Newhall.
[None.]
Benjamin Newhall.
William CoUins.
Benjamin Newhall,
WUUam, CoUins.
Ebenezer Burrill.
Ebenezer Burrill,
Ebenezer BurriU,
John Mansfield,
John Mansfield.

1775. May 31,
July 12,
1776 and '77,
1778.1779. May 12.
Aug. 2.
1780 and '81.
1782. 1783. 1784 to 1790.
1791 to 1793.
1794 and '95.
1796 to 1802,

Nathaniel Bancroft,
Edward Johnson,
Edward Johnson. ,
Holton Johnson.
Holton Johnson,
Samuel BurriU,
Samuel Burrill,
Holton Johnson,
Samuel BurriU,
John Carnes,
Ezra ColUns.
John Carnes,
James Robinson.

ANCIENT AND HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY,
For an account of this venerable organization, see under date 1638, A list
ofthe members from Lynn follows. It is possible that there rnay be an omis
sion or two, as the records of tbe Company are imperfect. '

1638. Ballard, WiUiam
1638, Hewes, Joseph
1638, Ho-we, Daniel (Lieut,)
1638. Tomlins, Edward
1638. Turner, Nathaniel
1638. Walker, Richard
1639. Bennet, Samuel
1640. Hurafi-ey, John
1640. Mai-shaU, Thomas
1641. Bridges, Robert
1641, Hurafrey, John, jr.
1641, Otley, Adam
1642, Wood, John

1643.
1645.1648.1655?. 1694.1717.1821.
1822. 1822,
,1822, 1851,
1860.

Smith, Benjamin
Coldam, Clement
Cole, John
Hutchinson, Samuel
Baker, Thomas
Gray, Benjamin
Robinson, Robert
Breed, Daniel N,
Johnson, George
Neal, Ebenezer
Usher, Roland G,
Fay, Richard S. jr.

SOLDIERS OF THE REVOLUTION.

COLONELS,
Mansfleld, John
NewhaU, Ezra
captains,
Galucia, Daniel
Lindsay, Eleazer
Stocker, Joseph
LIEUTENANTS,
Batts, John
Breed, Frederic
Chadwell, Harris
Johnson, Edward, jr,
Upton, John
SERGEANTS,
Hart, John
Mansfield, Ebenezer -
Roby, Hem-y
Stocker, Ebenezer
Thompson, Edward
CORPORALS.
Cheever, Abijah
Danforth, Joshua

Drake, Michael
Hill, WUliam
Newman, David
Tufts, David PRIVATES,
Alley, Ephraim
AUey, Josepb
AUey, Nathan
Attwill, Thomas
AttwUl, WUUam
AttwUl, Zachariah
Bacheller, James
Bailey, Aaron
Baker, John
Ban-y, Thomas
Belknap, Abel
Belknap, Abraham
Blanchard, John
Bowdoin, Benjamin
Bowdoin, Francis
Bowen, Edward
Breed, Aaron
Breed, Amos

Breed, Ephraim
Brown, Benjamin
Burnam, Joshua
Burrage, John
BurriU, Alden
Burrill, Ebenezer
Chamberlain, Garland
Cheever, Israel
Cheever, Thoraas
Cheever, Thoraas, jr.
Coates, Stephen
Cushing, Nathaniel
Davis, Jacob
Dunn, David
Dunnell, Oliver
Dunnell, Reuben
Farrington, John ^
Farrington, Joseph
Fan-ington, TheophUus
Farrington, TheophUus, jr.
Farrington, William
Felt,"' Joseph
Florence, Charles

580

HISTOET OP LTNN.

Florence, Thomas
GiU, William
HalloweU, Edward
HaUowell, Heni-y
HalloweU, Samuel
HaUowell, Theophilus
Harris, Pet^r
Hart, Ebenezer
HiU, Robert
Hitchings, Nathan
Hitchings, Thomas
Howard, Ezekiel
Hudson, Benjamin
Hunt, John
Ingalls, Daniel
Ingalls, Jacob
Ingalls, John
IngaUs, Joseph
Ireson, Edward
Ireson, John
Jacobs, Benjamin
Jacobs, John
James, Benjamin
Jarvis, Enoch
Johnson, Edward
Johnson, Jaraes
Johnson, John
Larrabee, Benjamin
Lewis, Caleb
Lewis, Isaac.
Lindsey, Blaney
Lindsey, Daniel
Lindsey, Joseph
Lindsey, Joseph, jr,
Lindsey, Ralph
Lindsey, Ralph, jr.
Lye, Joseph

Mansfield, Daniel
Mansfield, Robert
Mansfield, Samuel
Mansfield, Thomas
Mansfield, William
Martin, Josiah
Massey, Benjamin
Moulton, Ezra
Mudge, Enoch
Mudge, Nathan
Munroe, Timothy
NewhaU, Allen
Newhall, Asa
Newhall, Benjamin
Newhall, Calley
Newhall, Calvin
Newball, Charles
Newhall, Daniel A. B,
Newhall, Ebenezer
Newhall, Jacob
Newhall, James
Newhall, James, jr,
NewhaU, Micajah
NewhaU, Nathan
Newman, Tbomas
Nourse, Aaron
Nourse, James
Orgin, Isaac
Parrott, Daniel
Parrott, Marstin
Peabody, Brinsley
Peach, Joseph
Pepoon, Richard ¦
Porter, Ebenezer
Proctor, John
Proctor, Joseph, jr,
I Ramsdell, James

RamsdeU, James, jr,
RamsdeU, Kimball
Ramsdell, Shadrach
Ramsdell, Silas
Ramsdell, WiUiam
Rich, James*
Richardson, Ebenezer
Richardson, JEleazer
Richardson, Solomon
Rhodes, John
Rhodes, Josiah
Robinson, James
Roby, Thomas
Sirams, John
Stocker, Enoch,
Tarbox, Baxter
Tarbox, Benjamin
Tarbox, Nathaniel
Tarbox, WiUiam
Tuttie, Edward ,
Tuttie, Richard
Tuttie, Samuel
Twist, Ephraim
Waite, Samuel
Watts, Daniel
Watts, William
Whitman, Jesse
WUliams, Daniel
Williaras, Ebenezer
Williams, Joseph
Willis, John
Young, Henry
KILLED AT LEXINGTON,
Flint, Williara
Hadley, Thomas
RamsdeU, Abednego
Townsend, Daniel

CLERKS OF THE WRITS — TOWN
Clerks op the Writs,
1640, Richard Sadler,
1643. Edward Tomlins,
1645, Edward Burcham,
1655, WiUiam Longley,
1662, John Fuller.

Town Clerks,
1666, Andrew Mansfield,
1672, Thomas Laighton,
1686. Oliver Purchis.
1691, John BurrUl,
1722, Richard Johnson,
1749, John Fuller,
1755. Joseph FuUer.
1756, Ebenezer BurrUl,
1765. Dr. Nathaniel Henchman.
1767, Ebenezer Burrill,
1775, Benjamin NewhaU,

CLERKS — CITY CLERKS,
1777, William CoUins.
1784. Benjamin Johnson.
1785. WUliam CoUins.
1786. Ephraira Breed,
1804, Henry HalloweU,
1820, Samuel HaUowell,
1831. Thomas Bowler,
1847, Jacob Batchelder.
1848, Thomas Bowler.
1849, WiUiam Bassett.
CiTT Clerks.
1850, WiUiam Bassett,
1853, Charies Meiritt,
1855, John Batchelder.
1856, Charies Merritt,
1859. Ephraim A, Ingalls,
1861. Benjamin H. Jones,

TABLES,

581

MEMBERS OF CONVENTIONS.
[Convention for Ratifying the Constitu
tion ofthe United States,]
1788 ^°^^ Burnham, ) Lynn and
¦ John Carnes, ^ Lynnfield,
[Convention for Forming the State
Constitution,] 1779, Samuel BurriU,
[Conventions for Reviang the State
Constitution,] 1820,
Bacheller, Jonathan
Fuller, Joseph
Lovejoy, John
Mudge, Enoch, jr,
Mudge, Ezra
Makepeace, Jonathan, (Saugus,)
NewhaU, Asa T. (Lynnfield.)
* 1853.
Alley, John B.
Brqpd, Hiram N,
Holder, Nathaniel
Hood, George
Hawkes, Stephen E, (Saugus.)
Hewes, James (Lynnfield,)

1850,1852, 1853.1854. 1855.1856.1858. 1859, 1861,
1862,

MAYORS,
George Hood,
Benjamin F. Mudge,
Daniel C. Baker,
Thoraas P. Richardson,
Andrews Breed,
Ezra W, Mudge,
WiUiam F. Johnson,
; Edward S, Davis,
Hiram N. Breed,
Peter M, Neal.

PRESIDENTS OF THE COMMON
COUNCIL.

POSTMASTERS,
1795, James Robinson,
1802, Ezra Hitchings,
1803, Samuel MuUiken,
1807, Elijah Downing,
1808, Jonathan BacheUer.
1829. Jeremiah C. Stickney.
1839. Thomas J. Marsh.
1841. Stephen Oliver.
1842. Thomas B. NewhaU.
1843, Benjamin Mudge,
1849. Abner Austin.
1853, Jeremiah C. Stickney.
1858. Leonard B. Usher,
1861, George H, Chase,

18.50. 185L1852,1854, 1855,1856, 1858,1859,1860,
1861. 1863.

Daniel C. Baker.
James R. NewhaU.
Edward S. Davis.
Gustavus Attwill.
GUbert Hawkes.
Edward S. Davis.
Edwin Q. Bacheller.
Nathan Clark.
Noah Robinson,
George H. Chase,
Jesse L, AttwiU,

1812, 1823-
1832- 1834- 1839,1843,1844-1849- 1852.18.55-1860-

¦ 1824.
¦1833.-ia36.

¦ 184.5.
-1850.-1857.¦ 1861.
-1863,

SENATORS, Joseph Fuller,
Aaron Lummus,
Josiah NewhaU,
Stephen Oliver,
Isaiah Breed.
George Hood.
Francis S. NewhaU,
Daniel C, Baker,
John B. Alley,
John Batchelder,
Edwin Walden,
WiUiam F. Johns»n,
W2*

ACADEMY AND HIGH SCHOOL.
PRECEPTORS OP LTNN ACADEMY.
1805, WiUiam BaUard,
1805. Francis Moore,
1806, Hosea HUdreth,
1807, Abiel Chandler,
1807, Abner Loring.
1808. Samuel NeweU.
1809. Proctor Pierce.
1811. Joseph WardweU.
1812. Solomon S. Whipple.
1815. John Flagg Gardner.
1817. Amos Rhodes.
1819. Benjarain P. Emerson.
1823. Alonzo Lewis.
1825. Ripley P. Adams.
1827. George Delavan.
1829. Joseph H. Towne.
1830, Samuel Lamson,
1832. Ripley P. Adams,
1835. Ephraim Ward,
1835, Jacob Batchelder.
PRINCIPALS or THE HIGH SCHOOL.
1849, Jacob Batchelder.
1856, Moses P, Case,
1857, Henry Luramis,
1860. John B. Hubbard,
1861, Jacob Batchelder.
1862, Ephraim Flint.

582

HISTOET OF. LTNN.

NEWSPAPERS AND EDITORS,
Newspapers,
[In the following list are named the
principal Newspapers that have ap
peared in Lynn, with the dates of their
commencement, A number of others
have from time to time been published
for short periods or temporary purposes
whicb it is not necessary' to occupy
, space in enumerating,]
1825. Lynn Weekly Mirror,
1830, Lynn Record,
1831. Essex Democrat,
1832. Weekly Messenger.
1838. Lynn Freeman.
1842. Essex County Washingtonian.
1842. Tbe Locomotive.
1844. Essex County Whig. (A con
tinuation ofthe Freeman.)
1844, The Pioneer, (A continuation
of the Washingtonian.)
1846. Lynn News. (A continuation
of the Essex County Whig.)
1849. The Bay State.
1854. Lynn Weekly Reporter.
1855.^ Josselyn's Lynn Daily,
* Editors.
[In this list will be found the names
ofthe principal editors of Lynn news
papers, with the names of the papers
with which they vvere especiaUy con
nected. In some cases they were en
gaged on different papers at different
periods. Others, not here named,
occasionally put on the editorial har
ness for tempoi-ai'y purposes or for
brief intervals.]
1825. Charles F. Lurtirnus. Mirror.
1830. Alonzo Lewis. , . , Mirror,
1831. Benjamin Mudge. Democrat.
1832. James R. NewhaU. Messenger.
1833. Daniel Henshaw. , Record.
1840. Eugene F. W. Gray. Freeman,
1841. Richard L AttwUl. Freeraan.
1842. Wm. H. Perley. Locoraotive.
1842. D. H. Barlow. Washingtonian,
1844, ¦ Joiiiah F. Kimball. , News,
1844. Henry Clapp, jr. , Pioneer,
1848, George Bradburn. , Pioneer^
1849, Lewis Josselyn, , Bay State,
1854. Peter L. Cox. , , Reporter,

POLICE COURT,
Justices,
1849. Thomas B. Nevvhall, (Standing.)
1849. Benjamin F. Mudge, (Special,)
1849, James R. NewhaU, "
Clerks,
1849. Thomas B. NewhaU,
1862. Henry C, Oliver.

MEMBER OF CONGRESS,
1858— John B, Alley,

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES,
First Congregational,
[Ti-initarian, Founded in 1632,]
1632. Stephen Bachiler,
1636, Samuel Whiting,
1637. Thomas Cobbet. (Colleague.)
1680. Jeremiah Shepard.
1680. Joseph Whiting. (Colleague,)
1720. Nathaniel Henchmaii
1763. John TreadweU,
1784. Obadiah Parsons,
1794. Thomas Cushing Thacher.
1813. Isaac Hurd.
1818. Otis Rockwood,
1832. David Peabody,
1836. Parsons Cooke,

Second Congregational,
[Unitarian, Founded in 1822,]
1824. Jaraes Diraan Greenes,
1829, David H. Baridvv.
1833. Samuel D. Robbins.
1840. WiUiam Gray Swett.
1843. John Pierpont, jr.
1846, Charies C. Shackford.
Central Congregational,
[Trinitarian, Founded in 1850,]
1850, Abijah R, Baker,
1855, Jothara B. Sewall,
Chesnut Street Congregational,
[Trinitarian.]
This Society was commenced in
1857, as a Congregational Methodist,
under the pastorate of Rev. D. L, Gear,
But in 1859yh became Calvinistic Con
gregational. 1857, D, L. Gear. (Methodist.)
1859, Jesse Page.
1860, John Moore.
1862. Abijah R. Baker,
1863, Henry M, Painter.

TABLES,

583

First Methodist, [1791.]
_ This was the first Methodist Society
m Massachusetts, AU the Methodist
Societies in the city are Episcopal,
1 791, John Bloodgood, Daniel Smith,
1792. Menzes Raynor,
1793, Jordan Rexford,
1794, Evan Rogers,
1795. George Pickering,
1796, Jaraes Covel,
1797, John Broadhead,
1798. Ralph WiUiston.
1799, Andrew Nickels,
1800, Joshua WeUs.
1801. Geo. Pickering, T, F, Sargent,
1802. Thos, LyeU, John Bloodgood,
1803, Peter Jayne,
1805, Daniel Webb
1807. Nehemiah Coye,
1808. Dan Young,
1809, WUliam Stevens,
1811, Asa Kent, Greenlief R. Non-is.
1812. Joshua Soule, Daniel Webb,
1813, Daniel Webb, Elijah Hedding.
1814. Elijah Hedding, Leonard Frost.
1815. Geo. Pickering, Solomon Sias.
1816. Geo, Pickering, B.F.Lambord.
1817, W, Marsh, O. Huids,
1818, E, Hedding, Jas, B. Andrews.
1819. Elijah Hedding, Enoch Mudge,
1820, Enoch Mudge,
1821, Phineas Peck,
1823. Daniel FiUmore,
1825. John F.Adams.
1827, Daniel Fillmore.
1829. Abraham D. MerrUl.
1830, A. D. MeiTill, R. Spaulding,
1831, B. Otheman, Selah Stocking,
1832, Bartholomew Otheman,
1833. David KUburn,
1834. Jotham Horton.
1836, Thomas C. Pierce,
1838, Charles K, True,
1840, Charles Adams.
1841, Jefferson HascaU, Lester Janes,
1842, James Porter,
1844, Loranus Crowell, "
1846, John W. MenTll,
1848, Lorenzo R, Thayer.
1850. J. Augustus Adams.
1852. Henry V. Degen. i
1854. WUliam Butler.
1856. Charles N. Smith.
1858. WUUam R,' Clark.
1860. George M. Steele.
1862. WUlard F. Mallalieu.
1864. John H. Twombly.

i "Union Street Methodist. [1811,]
1812. Daniel Webb,
1814, Leonard Frost,
1815, Solomon Sias,
1817, Orlando Hinds,
1818, James Ambler,
1819, Elijah Hedding,
1820, Timothy Merritt.
1822, Shipley W, Wilson.
1824. Elijah Spear.
1825. Epaphras Kibby,
1828, Joseph A, Merrill,
1830, Ephraim WUey,
ia31, Shipley W. WUson.
1832, John Lovejoy,
1834, Isaac Bonney,
1836, Daniel Fillmore,
1837, John Parker,
1838, Aaron D. Sargent
1840, Williara Smith,
1842, Jacob Sanborn,
1844, Samuel A. Cushing.
1845. Phineas CrandaU.
1 846. Joseph Dennison.
1848.. Abraham D. MerrUl,
1849. Stephen Cushing,
1851. Chester Field.
1854. Nathan D. George,
1856, D. L, Gear,
1857, John H, Mansfield,
1859, WiUiam A, Braman,
1861, Henry W, Warren,
1863, WUUam C. High.
1864, A,McKeown.
South Street Methodist, [1830,1
1830, Rufus Spaulding,
1831, Selah Stocking,
1832, Isaac Bonney,
1834, Sanford Benton,
1835, Amos Binney,
1836. Timothy Merritt,
1838. Frederic P. Tracy.
1839. Mark Staples,
184L Edmund M, Beebe,
1843, John B, Husted.
1845, Charies S, Macreading,
1847, John Clarke,
1849, WUliam Rice.
1850. Simon Putnam,
1851, George Dunbar,
1853, Daniel Steele,
1855, Isaac SraSth,
1.857, Fales H, NewhaU,
1859, Jeremiah L, Hanaford.
1861, Daniel Richards,
1863, Samuel KeUey.

584

HISTOET OF LTNN.

Maple Street Methodist.
1851. Mark Staples.
1852. Daniel Richards.
1854. Abraham D. Merrill.
18.56. Howard C. Dunham.
1858. Oliver S. Howe.
1859. Jarvis A. Ames.
1861. Abraham M. Osgood.
1863. John S. Day,

Boston Street Methodist.
1853. Loranus Crowell,
1854. Isaac S. Cushman.
1856. Edward A. Manning.
1858. Henry E. Hempstead,
1860, Aaron D. Sargent.
1862. Convers L. McCurdy,
1863, Austin F, Herrick,

First Baptist,
[Founded in 1816,]
1816. George Phippen.
1820. Ebenezer Nelson, jr,
1830. Daniel Chessman.
1833, L. Stillman BoUes.
1837. Joel S.Bacon,
1840, Hiram A, Graves,
1843. Thomas Driver.
1849, WiUiam C, Richards,

High Street Baptist,
[Founded in 1853,]
1853. J. H. Tilton.
1858. Alfred Owen.
Third Baptist.
[Founded in 1858,]
1861, Charies H, Cole,

First Universalist,
[Founded in 1833,]
1835. Josiah C, Waldo.
1839. Lemuel WUlis.
1843. Horace G, Smith,
1845, Merritt Sanfoil.
1848. Darwin Mott,
1850. Elbridge G, Brooks,
1860, Sumner EUis.
1862, Charies W, Biddle,

[1850.]

[1853.]

Second Universalist,
[Founded in 1836,]
1836. Dunbar. B. Harris.
1839. Edward N. Harris.
1840. Henry Jewell,
1843. John Nichols,
1845, O, H, TiUotson,
1848, John Moore,
1850, J. R. Johnson, .
1852, E. Winchester Reynolds,
1858, Henry Jewell.
18.59, William P. Payne,
1863, N,R. Wright.
St. Stephen's,
[Protestant Episcopal,]
This corporation, in 1844, succeeded
the corporation of Christ Church, which
was established iu 1836, and had erect
ed a house of worship on North Com
mon street, but discontinued worship
in 1841, Both successions of ministers
are given, Mr, Ward was the first
minister of Christ Church, and Mr,
WUdes the first of St Stephen's,
1836, Milton Ward,
1837. George Waters.
1839, Frederic J. W, PoUard.
1841, Wm. A. White, (Lay Reader,)
1844, George D, WUdes.
1846. Isaac W. HaUam,
1860, Edward H. True,
1863, George H, Paine,
St. Andrew's.
[Protestant Episcopal,]
This is maintained by summer resi
dents. The Chapel, buHt m 1860,
is open during the watering seascr
only, and there have been no settle-./
ministers. Christian,
[Founded in 1835,]
1835, Philemon R, RusseU,
1841, Josiah Knight
1842, David Knowlton,
1842, Elihu Noyes.
1843, Warren Lincoln,
1851, Nicholas S. Chadwick.
1853. Seth Hinckley,
1854, William MiUer.
1860. John Burden,
1862, Joseph Whitney.
1862, John A. Goss,

TABLES,

I
585

St, Mart's,
[Roman Catholic]
CathoUc sei-vices were held in Lynn,
at a private house, as early as 1835.
Subsequently, the Tovra Hall was oc
cupied as a place of worship. In 1855,
the_ wooden building on Ash street,
which had been occupied as a Metho
dist and likewise as a Baptist house
of worsjiip, and later stUI as a gram
mar school-house, having been remod
eled and enlarged was consecrated to
Catholic worship. In 1859 it was burn
ed. Soon aftei-ward, the beautiful brick
Gothic church near the eastern end of
South Comraon street, and which is
still the finest pubUc building in Lynn,
was erected, and made readv for occu
pation in 1862.

1849, 1851,

Charles Smith,
Pati-iok Strain,

Friends' Meeting,
[Founded in 1677.]
See pages 441 and 442 for some ac
count of a division in this Society.]
Free Church,
[Unitarian, Founded in 1851.]
1851, John T. Sargent
1853, Sarauel Johnson,

POPULATION OF LYNN.
1765. (First recorded census.) 2.198
1790  , 2.291
1800  2.837
1810. ,  4.087
1820  4.515
1830  6.138
1840  9.367
1850.  14.257
1860  19.083

LYNN BANKS,
¦with the dates of their incorporation and tbe names of tbeir first Presidents,

1814,
1826,1832,1849. 1854. 1855,

Lynn Mechanics Bank,
Lynn Institution for Savings,
Nahant Bank,
Laighton Bank,
City Bank, . , , ,
Five Cents Savings Bank,

Joseph Fuller,
Araariah ChUds,
Hezekiah Chase,
Francis S. Newhall.
' , John C, Abbott,
George Hood,

DISTANCES AND MEASUREMENTS,
From Centi-al Square : ¦ m, R,
To Boston — head of State street, over the Turnpike, 10 160
Danvers,  ¦ . 5 80
Salem,  5 96
Marblehead,  5 200
Lynnfield Hotel,  4 280
Nahant, (Whitney's,)  4
Saugus, (East Village,)  2 220
Saugus, (Centre Village,)  3 260
Lynn Hotel,  1 77
Swampscot, (Beach,)  1 256
Ocean House, (Swampscot,)  « ca
Phillips's Point, (Swampscot,)  oo«
Lynn Beach  If
From Lynn Hotel to Dye House,  i ^°"
From Lynn Hotel to Floating Bridge, - . • ^ - -. ¦ ' k Var
From Village Square, (Woodend,) to west end of Coramon, by Essex st 1 146
The same, by Broad and Market streets . . . • ¦ • ^ ^o
From Washington Square, north end of Nahant street, to Lynn Hotel, 1 l^U
Length of Common —from north end of Market sti-eet to Lynn Hotel, 230
Length of Lynn Beach, entire,  49 17
Length of Streets,  t^ .i«

586

TABLES.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN LYNN,
Number of Public Schools, , 48
Teachers — (raale, 6 ; female, 53) — 59
Pupils, , , , , 4.332
Average age of pupils, 10 years, 15 davs.
Teachers' salaries, , $21,996.39
Total expenditure for Public
Schools, in 1863, , $31,429,86
VALUATION AND TAXATION.
I Valuation.
l«^anal,I.S?gi «-284-649
loflft Real, ¦ 6.291.460,
^°°" Pei-sonal, 3.357.605,
1864 ?eTLal,S5 5 10^208.860
[The last includes $743,919, now
taxed directly by the State.]

Rate of Taxation.
1850. On every $1000, $9.00
1855. " " " 7.50
1860, « « « 8.80
1864, « « « 15.60
CiTT Tax.
1850,  $50,000
1855  -, , , , 57.000
1860.  80.000
1864  112.000

l\

9.649.065

CITY APPROPRIATIONS. 1864.
For Repairs of Highways, $6,000
Laying out and altering
Streets, ... 500
Lighting Streets, . , 500
Curb Stones, . ' . . 500
Printing and Stationai-y, 1.000
Salaries of City Officers, 7.000
Constables and Police, 5.000
Board of Health, . , 100
Improveraent of Coramon, 100
Payment of Interest, 18.000
Payraentof City Debt, 8.000
Free Public Librai-y, 1.500
Pine Grove Cemetery, 1.200
PubUc School Department, 27.000
(and receipts Of department)
Poor Department, , 18.000
(and receipts of departraetit)
Fire Deparraent, , . 3.500
(and receipts of department.)

CITY DEBT — CITY PROPERTY.
Debt.
1850  $56,960 55
1855  86..550 00
1860  107.600 00
1864. .. , , , 281,800 00
[But it should be stated in regard to
the latter that such a portion was re
imbursable by the state, being for aid
to soldiers, as would in reality reduce
the debt to about. , . $195,000.]
Value of Real Estate owned
by the City, . . $156,490 00
Personal Estate, . 28.806 71
Total, $185,296 71

SHOE BUSINESS.
1864.
It is difficult to give, in a short space,
a perfect idea of the great shoe trade
of Lynn, The shoes now made are
of much better quality and consequent
ly higher price than those made a few
years since. We include under the
general term shoes, such boots as are
made' here ; and by the State returns
find that during the year ending June
1, 1855, there were made 9.275.593
pairs, valued at $4,165,529. During
the year ending Sept. 1, 1864, it is
probable that though there had been
a large increase in the business, there
were not rauch, if any, above 10,000,000
pairs made. But the aggi-egate whole
sale value of these reached tbe large
.sura of  $14,000,000.00,
Nuraber of Shoe Manufacturers, 174
Males and females employed, 17,173

STATISTICAL ITEMS,

1864.

Nuraber of Voters in Lynn.

4,500

Streets, Courts, and Squares,

259

Licensed Dogs, ,

279
Fire Engines, ,
, 8
Church Edifices,
21
Church Bells,
5
Public Clocks, ,
3
Public Houses, .
4
Grocery Stores, .
69
Dry Goods Stores,
18
Printing Offices,
6
Lawyers, ,
11
Physicians,
18
TABLES — LTNNFIELD.

587

LYNNFIELD
This township was granted to Lynn in 1639, and was called Lynn End.
1782 it was incoi-porated as a district, and jn.4814 made a separate town.

In

REPRESENTATIVES,
1826 and '27, Josiah NewhaU,
1828. Asa T. Newhall.
1 829 — 1832. John Upton, jr.
1832, Bowman Viles,
1833, John Upton, jr,
1834 and "35, Joshua Hewes,
1836. John Perkins, jr,
1837, WiUiam Perkins,
1838 — 1841, David N, Swasey,
1841, James Jackson,
1843. Joshua Hewes,
1844. Enoch Russell.
1848, Josiah NewhaU.
1850 and '51. WiUiam Skinner, ]r,
1852 and '53, John Danforth, jr,
1856 and '57, David A. Titcomb.
[The House of Representatives had
become so unwieldy that in 1857 the
Legislature raade provisions for dis
tricting the State. Representatives are
therefore now chosen by districts,]

TOWN CLERKS,
1814, John Upton, jr.
1818, Andrew Mansfield,
1823, Bowman Viles.
1832, John Upton, jr.
1833, Bowman Viles.
1834. Andrew Mansfield, jr.
1837. Joshua Hewes.
1841. Andrew Mansfield, jr.
1842. Joshua Hewes,
1843, Andrew Mansfield, jr.
1844. John Perkins, jr.
1857, John Danforth, jr,
POSTMASTERS.
' [South ViUage.]
Office established 25 May, 1836,
1836, Theron Palmer,
1839. Charies Spinney.
1852, James W, Church.
1855. Henry W. Swasey. -
[Centre Village.]
Office established 1 August, 1848.
1848, George F. Whiftredge,
1851. Samuel N. Newcomb,
1856, Jonathan Bryant

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.
First Congregational,
This- society adhered to the old Pu
ritanical faith down through Mr, SeSrl's
pastorate. Afterward there was a Uni
tarian slipply. And in 1,849, it became
recognized as a Universalist society,
Mr, Walcott being the.first rainister of
the Universalist persuasion. This So
ciety was forraed as the second of
Lynn, August 17, 1720, and the place
of worship is in the Centre VUlage.
1720. Nathaniel Sparhawk,
1731, Stephen Chase,
1755, Benjamin Addrtis,
1783. Joseph Mottey,
1824, Joseph Seari,
1854, Luther Walcott
Orthodox Evangel^al Societt,
This is a Trinitarian Congregational
Society -^formed 27 September, 1832,
and located in the Centre ViUage.
1833. Josiah Hill,
1837, Henry S. Greene,
1850, UzalW. Condit
1856, Edwin R. Hodgman,
1859, WiUiam C, Whitcomb,

South Village Congregational.
[Trinitarian. Formed in 1849,]
1849. Ariel P. Chute,
1858, Allen Gannett
Methodist.
A society of this order was formed
here in 1816, and a house of worship
erected, in the Centre VUlage, in 1823.
But regular meetings have not been
held for several yem-s,
1819. Oriando Hinds.
1820, Isaac Jennison.
1821. Ephraim Wiley,
1823. Leonard Frost
1824, Henry Mayo,
1825 to 1830, Watren EmerSon,
1830, Mark Staples.
1832. Hezekiah Thacher,
1834, John Bayley.

588

TABLES — SAUGTIS.

S AUGUS.
This town formed the West Parish ofLynn, till 1815, when it was incorpo
rated under its present name, which was the ancient name of Lynn,

REPRESENTATIVES,

'17,

1815, 1816 and
1820,1821,1823,1826,
1827 and '28,
1829 — 183L
1831.1832 and '33,
1834

Robert Ernes.
Joseph Cheever,
Joseph Cheever,
Abijah Cheever,
Jonathan Makepeace,
John Shaw,
WUliam Jackson,
Abijah Cheever.
Joseph Cheever,
Zaccheus N, Stocker,
Joseph Cheever,

1836 and '37. %Uliam W. Boardraan.
1838, Charles Sweetser,
1839, Francis Dizer,
1840, - Benjarain Hitchings, jr.
1841. Stephen E. Hawkes.
1842 and '43. Benjarain F. Newhall.
1844. Pickmore Jackson.
1846 and '47. .bewail Boardman.
1850, Charles Sweeter,
1851, George H, Sweetser,
1852, John B, Hitchings,
1853, Samuel Hawkes,
1854, Richard Mansfield,
1855. William H. NewhaU.
1856, Jacob B, Calley,.
1857, Jonathan NewhaU.
[In 1857 the State was districted and
Representatives have since been cho
sen by districts.]

1815,
1819,1828, 1831,
1834,1841,1848,1852,

TOWN CLERKS.
Richard Mansfield.
Thomas Mansfield, jr,
Zaccheus N. Stocker,
Isaac ChUds,
William W. Boardman.
Benjamin F. NewhaU.
Harmon Hall.
William H, Newhall,

POSTMASTERS, [East Village,]
1832, Hem-y Slade.
1832. George Newhall,
1856, Herbert B, NewhaU,
[Centre Village,]
1858, Julian D, Lawrence.

[Cliftondale,]
1858. William Williams,
1860, George H. Sweetser,

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES,
First Church.
This church was gathered in 1732,
as the third church of Lynn, and a
house of worship was erected in 1736,
It remained Calvinistic till the settle
ment of Mr, Randall, in 1826, he being
a Unitarian. The Universalist element
was stroug in the society, and after
Mr. Randall left, the-Calvinistic branch
withdrew, leaving the Uuiversalists in
possession of the house. This society
is located in the Centre Village, and is
the one to which the celebrated Parson
Roby so long ministered. •
1739, Edward Cheever,
Josepb Roby,
William Frothingham,
Joseph Emerson,
Hei-vey Wilbur.
Ephraim Randall.
D. B. Harris.
John Nichols.
Josiah Marvin.
Josiah Talbot
J. H. Campbell.
B, W, Atwell,
J, H, Campbell,

1752.1804,
1821, 1824,1826.
1835, 1837,1850.
1854.1857,1860.1862,

Trinitarian Congregational,
This society was formed by those
who withdrew, leaving the Uuiversal
ists in possession ofthe fiirst church,
1833, Sidnev Holman, .
1843, Theophilus Sawm,
1847,- Cyrus Stone,
1851, Levi Brigham.
Methodist, (East VUlage,)
Metbodisra was introduced into Sau
gus in or about the year 1810, by Tho
mas Bowler, Enoch Mudge, William
Walton, and a few other laymen of
Lynn. And the classes formed at that
period were connected with the society
at Lynn, Li 1823, the Saugus mem-

TABLES — SWAMPSCOT — NAHANT,

589

bers -withdrew from the Lynn connec
tion, and formed a separate society in
their own town. In 1827 they built
then first raeeting-house, the celebrated
John N, Maffit preaching the dedica
tion serraon. Their present house of
worship was dedicated Feb. 22, 1855,
Bishop Janes preaching the sermon.
1823. Warren Emerson,
1824, Henry Mayo,
1825, Laroy Sunderland,
1826, Aaron Josselin,
1828, Nathan Paine,
1829, Ephraim K, Avery,
1830, John J. Bliss.
1831. Hiram H. White.
1832. Ebenezer Blake.
1833. Joel Steele.
1834. Ezekiel W. Stickney.
1835. Lewis Bates.
1836. Newel S. Spaulding.
1837, Sanford Benton,

1839, Daniel K, Bannister,
1841, Jonathan D. Bridge,
1843, WiUiam Rice.
1845, Isaac A. Savage,
1847. Edward Cook."
1849. Williara M. Mann.
1850. Daniel K. Bannister.
1852. J. Augustus Adams.
1853. Ralph W. AUen.
1855. William H. Hatch.
1857. Daniel Richards.
1859. Jonas M. Clark.
1861. Cyrus L. Eastman.
1863. Daniel Richards.
Methodist. (Cliftondale.)
1854, Jaraes Blodgett,

1857,1859, 1861.
1863,

George F, Pool.
Solomon Chapin.
John S. Day.
Daniel Wait.

SWAMPSCOT,
Swampscot was separated from Lynn and incorporated as a town in 1852,

1852, 18.56.
1857,1858.1862. 1863.
1864.

1846.1861.

TOWN CLERKS.
John L. Soger.
Francis E. Andrews.
Williara D. Brackett
John L. Soger,
Samuel O. Ingalls.
Daniel P. Stimpson,
John Seger,

POSTMASTERS,
Waldo Thompson.
Daniel P, Stimpson,

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES,
Congregational,
[Trinitarian, Founded in 1846,]
1846. Jonas B. Clark,
Methodist, [1854,]
1854, Edward S, Best
1855. Charies Noble,
1856, John Sraith.
1858, Zachariah A, Mudge,
1860, Linus Fish.
1862. George Sutheriand.
1864. Moseley Dwight

N
Nahant was separated from
TOWN CLERKS,

1853.1857.

Washington H, Johnson,
Alfi-ed D. Johnson,

POSTMASTERS.
The Nahant Post-office was
lished in July, 1847,
1847. Phineas Drew.
1847. Welcome W. Johnson, i
X2

AH ANT.
Lynn and incorporated as a town in 1853.
RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES,
Independent Methodist, [1851,]
1855, WUliam R. Clark.
1856, Greorge G. Jones.
1858, AUen Gannet
1859, Charies N, Smith,
1860, Stephen Cushing,

estab-

,In 1832 a Tuscan Chapel was erect
ed here chiefly by the subscriptions of
summer residents. Services are held
in it during the warm season only.

CHAPTER V.

CONCLUSION,

In closing our Record (Jf Events in the history of Lynn, a
congratulatory word or two may, not improperly, be indulged in,j
Twenty years have been added to the annals of Mr, Lewis, and;
perhaps no score of years in our whole history have been marked
by greater changes. We have adopted the cityform of govern
ment ; and not only that, but after a sort have in appearance
likewise matured from village to city. Our population has
rapidly increased — improvements, useful, durable, and orna
mental, have been made on every hand— larger and more costly
buildings have been erected — hissing steam and rumbling ma
chinery have been introduced in the manufacture of shoes, our
staple article — our taxable property has greatly increased ; and
so, for that raatter, have our taxes — the Common has been
enclosed, studded with trees, and traversed by gravel walks —
brick side-walks have been laid and numerous ornamental trees
planted along their borders — the road over the Beach has been
constructed — the Police Court has been established — Pine
Grove Cemetery has been laid out — the horse rail-road haa
been fiuilt' — gas has been introduced for the lighting of
our streets, stores, ahd dwellings — telegraphic communication
with the most distant quarters has been established — the schools
have much improved, and greatly increased in number — reli
gious societies have sprung up till every true worshiper if not
every whim-driven soul, may find a congenial shrine — and two
ofthe thrifty children, Nahant and Swampscot have been invest
ed with tbe blessings and responsibilities of municipal freedom.
About twenty years ago, quite an improvement in the archi
tectural aspect of Lynn began to manifest itself. Before tha,t
time the common, unembellished dwelling of one, one and a
half, or two stories in height, prevailed. Buildings of more than
(590)

LTCEUM HALL.
Erected in 1841, Market Street, corner of Summer,

»

SAGAMORE HOTEL,
Erected in 1854. Union Street, corner of Mulberry.

CONOLtJSION.

591

two stories, or of any material but wood were almost unknown.
They were usually very plain, with pitch roofs,'painted white,
and often furnished with green blinds. They had an air of
neatness and comfort, though indicating limited means. But
those of a very different character have, within these few
years, appeared in every quarter. Among the illustrations
of this volume may be found representations of some of our
later structures. Arid we are gratified in being able to intro
duce a very, perfect picture of the old Town House, subse
quently dignified by the name of Citt Hall. It is not,
( however, presented for its architectural elegance, but for the
interest that attaches to it as being the only building ever
yet reared- in Lynn, speciallj for municipal purposes. It was
burned at about daylight on the mormng of October 6, 1864,
as stated on page 478, In 1863, however, a site for a new
City Hall was purchased, near the eastern end of the Common,
at the corner of Essex street; and indeed Lynn would long
ago have had an edifice better becoming her dignity could tallk
have built it. The picture was taken a few weeks before the
fire, being actually photographed upon the block. A portion of
the walls escaped, and there is no knowing to what base usea
they may yet arrive.

OLD town house, AFTERWARD CITT HALL, UTNN.
The Town House Tv^as built in 1814, and stood on the centre
of the Common, nearly opposite the head of Hanover street.
It originally had a hipped roof, and was square in form. The
interior remained unfinished for many years. Elections were

592 HISTOET OF LtNN.
of course held in it ; and military companies sometimes exercised
there; and it was used for assemblages of various kinds. In
1832 it was removed to the spot on which it was burned — a
few rods west of Church street, on South Common — and the
hall finished, Por a long time this was the largest and almost
the only hall in town, and was occupied for all sorts of meetings,
lectures, and exhibitions. On the formation of the City Gov
ernment, in 1850, the building was thoroughly repaired and the
interior remodeled. And from that time till its destruction its
, walls continued to resound with the eloquence of the City Fa
thers as erst they did with that ofthe patriotic old Town Orators.
But the glory of Lynn does not lie in the stateliness of her
edifices or the elegance of her thoroughfares. She,has not yet
attained to any thing very great ' in respect to these — though
if all the finer buildings were concentrated in one quarter they
would present quite an imposing array — and would rather
point to the thrift and good condition of her people ; to their
industry and temperance ; to her ample provision for moral
and intellectual culture ; to her generous guardianship of the
few dependent ones within her borders ; and especially to the
charms which nature has so lavishly bestowed upon her —
charms which continue to attract, during every watering season,
so many strangers of wealth and refinement.

It now remains, in closing, to express most grateful acknowledgments for
the ready help that we have in numberless instances received. To name
evei7 one to whom we are indebted would be impossible. But acknow
ledgments are especially due to Joseph Moulton, who is one of the most
inteUigent and reliable antiquarians among us. He has a small but choice
library, containing a nuraber of the best historical and genealogical works,
and is always ready to lend his valuable aid to those engaged in research
among the things of the past. He resides in the old Mansfield house, so
called, which stands on the north side of Boston street, opposite the eastern
end of Marion, which house is supposed to have weathered the storms of
about two hundred years, having been buHtj according to well-sustained tradi
tion, during the year of the great fire in London — 1666. And it is a note
worthy fact that it has remained in the occupancy of the direct descendants
of Andrew Mansfield, the individual who erected it, and who was Town Clerk
in 1666,_ever since its construction, Mr. Moulton, on the maternal side, being
in the direct line. It has, of course, undergone repairs and alterations neces
sary to meet tbe exigencies of changing time, but remains essentially the
same. Acknowledgments are also due to Benjamin Mudge, to William B,
Oliver, to Waldo Thompson, to John Danforth, Jr., of Lynnfield, to
Elijah P. Robinson, of Saugus, and to John Q. Hammond and Dr. Piper,
of Nahant. Nor should tbe expression of obligations to Richard S, Fat and
E, Redington Mudoe, be omitted.

INDEX.

[Every Surname in the book appears m this Index, arranged alphabetically
with the subjects,]

AB.ELINO, ship, captured, 467,
Abbott, 439, 542, 543, 585,
AbigaU, (Indian,) 40, 51,
Aborne, 183, 576,
Abousett (Saugus) river, 31, 57,
Academy, Aynn, 367, 370, 379, 581,
Accident. arschool-house, 416,
Accident from burning fluid, 447,
Accidents, fatal. See Deaths.
Adam, (slave,) 344.
Adams, 323, 330, 342, 360, 361, 367,
575, 576, 581, 583, 587, 589.
Address to President Adams, 360,
Afi-icanus, (slave,) 344.
Agassiz, 25, 85, 382.
Aged persons, 36, 118, 119, 121, 126,
162, 239, 266, 357, 391, 396, 434,
451, 463.
Agricultural exhibitions, 416, 417, 421.
Agi^culture, 44, 132, 140, 169.
Ahawayet, (Indian,) 39, 40.
Alarm-houses, 203.
Alarms, 49, 138, 203, 331, 338, 341, 377.
Aldeman, 242.
Alewives, 80, 141, 143, 144, 219, 267,
433. See Fish,
AUen, 111, 185, 190, 191, 239, 256,
258, 299, 300, 318, 394, 576, 589,
Alley, 183 184, 185, 263, 305, 327, 342,
397, 403, 414, 415, 454, 465, 472^902,
576, 579, 581, 582,
AUotment of lands, 171, 306,
Alms-house, 381,423,
Almy, 169, 576.
Ambler, 583.
Ames, 456, 584,
Amey, 576.
Amherst, N. H., settled in W33 by peo
ple from Lynn, 324,
Amory, 62, 359,
Anderson, 207, 576,
Andrew, 466, 575.
Andrews, 122, 147, 465, 576, 583, 589,
Andros, 50, 51, 55, 284 to 290, 312, 575,

Anecdotes :
Apples and cider, 257,
Biter bit, 179,
Conjugal difficulty, 37,
Courting, 163, 186, 280.
Cow in gi'ave-yard, 370.
Dark day, 344,
Early travel, 93.
Editorial wit, 517,
First lawyer's experience, 370,
Girl lost in tbe woods, 141,
Guessing time, 346,
Holding things- in common, 197,
Humors of a sick man, 518.
Indian cunning, 264.
Indian's visit to England, 137,
Instinct of young cows, 421 ,
John's Peril, 61.
Lawyer and client, 435,
Man and Bear, 135.
Man and boat blown to pieces, 140.
Minister's choice, 139.
Ministers, 237, 238.
Mutton vs. turkey, 527,
Panic stricken soldier, 342,
Piety ofMr, Whiting, 269. ,
Practical joker, 347, V^
Prayer, efficacy of, 238.
Proving a new vessel, 321.
Quaker log-rolling, 521.
Quarrel of Dexter and Endicott, 137.
Removing boulder, 74.
Revolutionary soldiers, 341
Rhyming, 333.
Ride to Boston for a dinner, 516.
Saint Cuthbert, 87.
Singular cure of fever, 70.
Taking a glass together, 149,
Tenacity of purpose, 418,
Treatment of company, 515.
True Moody's savings bank, 444,
Warning offa new comer, 297,
Wit, encounter of, 330.
WUofMoU Pitcher, 375,
Woman and wolf, 136,

X2*

(593)

38

594

INDEX,

Animals, wild, found in Lynn, 45.
Annawon (Lidian,) 264.
Annis, 417.
Anti-raasoni7, 394, 401.
Anti-slavery lecture, disturbance at, 401
Anti-slavery society forraed, 398.
Appleton, 225, 262, 266, 280, 576.
Appropriation, city, 1864, items, 586.
Arago, 396.
Archdale, 266,
Ai-cher, 576.
Arches, auroral. See Northern Lights.
Ardway, 211.
Armitage, 114, 156, 157, 172, 174, 188,
190, 209, 210, 211, 221, 224, 233, 241,
276, 576.
Artillery, Ancient and Hon., 177, 579.
ArtUlery, Lynn, 370, 414, See Military.
Asbury, 362.
Assistants and Counsellors, 577.
Astronomical observatory, 469.
Atherton, 209.
Atkins, 122.
Atkinson, 465.
Atlantic cable celebration, 453,
Atmospheric refraction, curious effects
of, 82,278. See Celestial Phenomena.
Atwill, 297, 439, 576, 579, 581, 582, 588.
Atwood, 576.
Audley, 576.
Augustine, 576.
Aurora borealis. See Northern Lights.
Austin, 62, 421, 473, 485, 581,
Autographs :
Breed, AUen, 115,
BurriU, George, 115.
Cicily, alias Su-George (Indian,) 55,
Dexter, Thomas, 205.
iKunkshamooshaw, AbigaU, 55.
Kunkshamooshaw, David, 55.
Laighton, Thomas, 155.
Newball, Thomas, first white person
born in Lynn, 126, 483.
Pitcher, Moll, the fortune-teUer, 376.
Ponham, Mai-y, (Quonopohit,) 55.
Whiting, Rev. Samuel, 270,
Autumn foliage; 82,
Avery, 589,
Axey, 115, 172, 240, 576, 578,
Ayere, 576. B.
Babson, 356.
Bachiler, BacheUer, Batchelder, 100,
102, 125, 139, 140, 142, 159 to 164,
179, 428, 471, 482, 576, 579 to 582.
Backus, 101,
Bacon, 268, 584,

BagnaU, .141,
Bailey, Bayley, 120, 190, 228, 255, 292,
332, 430, 465, 486, 576, 579, 587,
Baker, 116, (117 and 118 contain the
romantic histoi-y of Christine, the
Indian captive,) 156, 172, 190, 263,
299, 405, 424, 426, 433, 436, 479,
(566 contains a biographical notice
of Daniel C, the third mayor of
Lynn,) 576, 579, 582,
Ball, calico, 455.
Ballads, old New England, 107, 133,
Ballard, 115, 143, 171, 208, 211, 282,
291, 293, 365, 367, 430, 576, 579, 581,
Balloon ascensions, 401, 403, 411.
Bancroft, 118, 171, 184, 275, 351, 470,
576, 579.
Banks, (surname,) 453, 575,
Banks, (money institutions,) 377, 390,
398,423,439,445,585.*'
Bannister, 589. '
Baptism, first in Lynn, 139.
Baptists, 127, 131, 187, 204, 208, 219,
230, 257, 378, 379, 432, 460, 584.
Barber, 226, 576,
Barberry bushes, 79, 329,
BarcroftrllS- Bard, 576,
Bai-dson, 26.
Barker, 410, 465.
Bariow, 394, 400, 582.
Barnstable settled by Lynn people, 182.
Barrett, 432.
Barry, 433, 464, 579, See Berry,
Bartlett, 465.
Bartoll, 576,
Barti-am, 576,
Bass, 141, 144.
Bassett, 51 to 53, 127, 184, (185 con
tains the genealogy of the principal
Bassett family now in Lynn,) 200,
266, 275, 282, 291, 292, 294, 295, 305,
335, 344, 345, 424, 426, 433, 485, 570,
576, 580,
Batchelder. See Bachiler.
Bates, 333, 432, 465, 576, 589,
Bathing, 81,
Batten, 576, .
Batter, 172, 200, 236, 261, 576,
Battle of Bunker Hill, 341.
Battle of Chesapeake and Shannon,373,
Battle of Lexington, 338.
Batts, 579.
Baudouin, 91.
Baxter, 465.
Bayley. See Bailey,
Beach protectors, 388, 404, 429,
Beach road, 421, 429.

INDEX,

595

Beaches, 66, 67, 78, 144, 388, 404, 421,
429, 433. See Storms. Tides.
Beacons on Dread Ledge, 395, 397, 477.
Beal, 226, 275, 276, 576.
Beans, 576,
Bear Pond, 70,
Beard, (surname) 89, 90.
Beard, (ofthe human face.) 133, 438,
Bears, 135, 332;
Beauchamp, 205, 362,
Becke, 205,
Becx, 205, 235,
Beebe, 5a3.
Belcher, 323, 575, 576,
Belknap, iSo, 172, 576, 579,
Bellamont, 575,
Bellamy, 3n,
BeUingham, 152,181,575,
Bells, church, 380, 463, 586,
Bennet, 95, 119, 143, 172, 212, 216, 224,
234, 259, 576, 579,
Benton, 583, 589,
Bernard, 575.
Berries, varieties of, found in Lynn, 79,
Ben-y, 185, 226, 235, 416, 465, 473, 576.
See Barry.
Besse, 465, 576.
Best, 589.
Biarne, 26.
Bible not read at Sunday services, 105.
Biddle, 472, 584,
Bilboes — Stbcks, 142,
BUIington, 207,
Bmney, 583.
Biographical Sketches and Per
sonal Notices :
Adams, Rev, Benj. Lynnfield, 342.
Bachiler, Rev, Stephen, 139, 159.
Baker, Christine, Indian captive, 117,
Baker, Daniel C, third raayor, 566.
Barker, Dr. Charles O., 410,
Breed, Ebenezer, (Uncle Eben,) 519,
Breed, Isaiah, 541,
Brimblecom, Col, Samuel, 424,
Brown, Goold, 449,
BurriU, Hon. Ebenezer, 492.
Burrill, Hon. John, 489.
Carnes, Rev. John, 363,
Chase, Rev, Stephen, Lynnfield, 330,
Cheever, Rev, Edward, Saugus, 328,
ChUds, Amariah,415.
Cobbet, Rev, Thomas, 236,
Coffin, Dr. Edward L., 533,
Collins, Micajah, 500,
Cooke, Rev, Dr. Parsons, 475.
Cui-tin, Enoch, 528,
Dagyr, John Adam, 328.

Biographical Sketches and Per
sonal Notices — (Continued,)
Dexter, Thomas, 204.
Downing, Elijah, 519.
Felton, Cornelius C, 86
Flagg, Dr. John, 358.
Flora, (slave,) 301.
Fuller, Mai-ia Augusta, 505.
Gardner, Dr. James, 397.
Gates, Isaac, lawyer, 435.
Gray, George, the Lynn hermit, 419.
Gray, William, 496.
Hazeltine, Dr. Richard, 403.
HenchmanJRev. Nathaniel, 332.
Hentz, Cai-oline Lee, 275.
Holyoke, Edward, 121,--
Ho6,3, George, first mayor, 542,
Humfrey, John, 147, 197,
Hurd, Rev. Isaac, 379.
Hutchinson, Jesse, 437.
Hutchinson, Judson J., 455.
Jenks, Joseph, iron-worker, 208,
Leonard, James and Henry, 206,
Lewis, Alonzo, 544,
Luraraus, Dr, Aaron, 396,
Lummus, Charles F.,fii-stpi-inter,511
Merrill, Benjamin, first lawyer, 370.
Montowampate, Indian Sagamore of
Lynn, 36. 146,
Moody, Lady Deborah, 187, ¦
Moody, True, 444.
Mottey, Rev, Joseph, Lynnfield, 387.
Moulton, Solomon, 502,
Mudge, Rev. Enoch, 536,
Mudge,' Ezra, 538,
MuUiken, Sarauel, 417,
Nahanton, (Indian,) 41,
Nanapashemet, Indian Sacbemj 34.
Newhall, Asa T„ Lynnfield, 537,
NewhaU, Benjarain F., Saugus, 567.
Newhall, Francis S., 539,
Newhall, Isaac, 540.
Newhall, Jacob, landlord, 494.
Newhall, Josiah, 533.
Newball, Thomas, the first person of
European parentage born here —
with genealogy of the NewhaU
faraily, 482.
Parsons, Rev. Obadiah, 356.
Perkins, Dr. John, Lynnfield, 345.
Pierson, Rev, Abraham, 195.
Pitcher, Moll, the fortune-teller, 374,
Pompey, (slave,) 344,
Poquanum, Sachem of Nahant, 40,
141, 146,
Purchis, Thoraas, 266.
Quanopkonat, (Indian,) 42.
Robinson, Col, James, 397

596

HISTOET OP LTNN,

Biographical Sketches and Per
sonal Notices — (Continued.)
Roby, Rev. Joseph, Saugus, 363.
Sadler, Richard, 157.
Shepard, Rev. Jeremiah, 314.
Sparhawk,Rev.Nath'l,Lynnfield,323,
Swett, Rev. WiUiara Gray, 410.
Thacher, Rev. Thomas C, 373.
TreadweU, Rev, John, 346.
Trevett, Robert W., lawyer, 409.
Tudor, Frederic, 474.
Turner, Capt Nathaniel, 128,
Washburn, Reuben P., lawyer, 372.
Wenepoykin, (Indian,) 38.
Whiting, Rev. Samuel, 267,
Yawata, (Indian,) 40.
[See also Early Settlers.]
Birds, 45, 57, 80, 144, 298, 299, 433, 473.
Bishop, 256,
Bistow, 229.
Bitner, 111.
Black, 465, 589.
Blackmore, 576,
Blackstone, 41, 56, 108, 109,
Black WUl, (Indian,) 40, 131, 141, 144,
241 242.
Biack'wiU's CUff, 67.
Blake, 542,
Blanchard, 448, 579.
Blaney, 226, 267, 329, 359, 373, 395,
448, 470, 576.
BUghe, 26, 256, 292, 576.
Bliss, 576, 589.
Blodgett, 589.
Blood, 576.
Bloodgood, 583.
Bloomer, 430.
Bloomer costume, 430,
Blott, 214, 576,
Bly, 226, 576,
Board of Trade, 450,
Boardman, and Bordman, 576, 588.
Boiling Springs, 70, 71,
BoUshar, 576.
BoUes, 584.
Bonaparte, 500.
Bond, 181, 205, 478,
Bonney, 583.
Bonython, 180,
Bootfish, 576.
Booth, 576.
Boradile, 314.
Boston Massacre, 335,
Botany of Lynn, 78, 455,
Boulders, granite, 73,
Bound, 576,
Boundaries, 57, 183, 234, 252, 257, 441,
452,

Bounties. See Soldiers' Bounties.
Boui-ne, 576.
BoutweU, 150, 172, 575, 576.
Bowden, 579.
Bowdoin, 576, 579.
BowdweU, 197.
Bowler, 337, 580.
Boynton, 336, 462, 465.
Brabrook, 576.
Brackett, 332, 589.
Bradburn, 582.
Bradbury, 62, 211.
Braddock, 396.
Bradstreet 115, 204, 210, 211, 255, 257,
277, .296, 575.
Brainard, 174,
Braman, 583,
Brand, 576.
Brattle, 296.
Braun or Brawn, 265, 456, 576.
Brazil, 447,
Bredean, 576.
Breed, 61, 91, 115, 171, 185, 194, 235,
252, 282, 292, 293, 297, 299, 305, 311,
312, 340, 342, 354, 362, 363, 364, 365,
370, 386, 403, 411, 429, 443, 462, 465,
472, 473, 479, 485. (519 to 528 con
tain a biographical notice of Ebene
zer Breed — "Uncle Eben." And
541 and 542 contain a biographical
notice of Isaiah Breed.) 544, 576,
579, 580, 581.
Breed's End, origin of name, 115.
Brereton, 31.
Brewer, 120, 226, 292, 538, 576.
Briant and Bryant, 332, 587.
Briard, 576,
Brick side-walks, 440.
Bridge, (surname,) 589.
Bridge, natural, 60
Bridges, (surname,) 88, 120, 150, 172,
185, 204, 205, 212, 216, 217, 2l9, 221
to 224, 230, 231, 240, 576 to 579,
Bridges, (over water-courses,) 58, 60,
70, 96, 141, 182, 219, 223, 236, 321,
334.
Brier, 576.
Briggs, 575, 576,
Brighara, 588,
Brimblecom, 91, 424,
BrimsdeU, 576,
BrintnaU, 576,
Brisco, 576,
Broadhead, 583,
Brock, 373,
Brook, (surname,) 171, 172.
Brooks, (surname,) 172, 175, 378, 428,
575,576,584,

INDEX,

697

Brooks, (water-courses,) 144, 145, 201,
362, V .. , ,
Brown, 52, 53, 95, 109, 119, 171, 181,
200, 214, 228, 309, 310, 417, 448' 449
453, 4.58, 465, 482, 573, 576, 578, 579!
Brummell, 516,
Bryan, 576,
Bryant, See Briant,
Buchan^, 45-3.
Buckingham, 513.
Buckley, 239, 448, 452,
Buffum, 426,
Bugell, 576.
Bulfinch, 418.
Bulkley, 300.
Bull, ferocious, 221.
Bull-fight in 1808, in Lynn, 369
Bumstead, 321.
Bundock, 154, 155.
Bunker Hill battle, 341,
Burcham, 150, 151, 172, 214, 576, 580.
Burchsted, 26, 311,330, 342, 345, 375,
576.
Burden, 131, 576, 584,
Burge, 233, 576.
Burges, 576.
Burial places. See Burying Grounds.
Bm-n, 576,
Burnam and Burnham, 579, 581,
Burnell, 576,
Burnett, 117, 575, 576,
Burning fluid, accident by, 447,
Burrage, 226, 298, 576, .579.
Burrill, 10, 51. ¦ (il5 and 492 contain
genealogies of the Bun-iU family.)
116, 171, 173, 201, 202, 227, 263, 266,
280, 282, 287, 290, 291, 292, 293, 297,
319, .325, 333, 334, a38, 345, 354, 358,
379, 463, -465, 479, 485. (489- to 494
contain biographical notices of Hon.
JoHii Burrill, and Hon. Ebenezer,
his<brother,) 494, 540, 576, 577, 578,
579, 580, 581.
Bun-oiighs, 294, 301, 303.
Burt, 151, 172, 175, 184, 191, 212, 576.
Burton, 171, 239, 576.
Burying Grounds, 44, 170, 283, 299, 320,
372, 389, 390. See Cemeteries,
Jutler, 446, 576, 583,
Jutton, 49,
Jyfield, 104.
?yles, 344.
Jyron, 554.

Cabot, 28, 383.
Calamy, 158.
CaldweU, 421, 465,

Calef, 296,
Calico ball, 455,
Calico printing, 403,
California emigration, 423.
Calley, 588,
Callum, 576,
Calvin, 442,
Camden, 170,
Cameron, 359,
Campbell, 465, 588,
Canker worms, 252,309, 326, 336, 394,
473, ' ' . . .
Canonicus, (Indian,) 33,
Canterbury, 576,
Capitein, 22.
Cariisle, 448,
Carman, 169, 576,
Carnes, 351, 352, 363, 373, 374, 579,
581.
Carpenter, 465.
Carter, 403,
Case, 581,
Caseley, 576.
Cass, 427. '
Castine, 289.
Castle Rock, 60. 75.
Casualties. See Deaths,
Caswell, 465.
Catamount killed in Lynn woods, 335.
CaterpUlars,220, 256, 281 , 309, 328, 473.
CathoUc Church, 456, 464, 585.
CathoUc Neutrals, 330.
Catlin, 423, 576.
Cattle, 112, 131, 136, 144, 147, 179, 232,
286, 298, 311, 325, 328,
Cattle Shows, See Agricultural Exhi
bitions,
Cauldron Cliff, 60.
Caulkins, 211, 576,
Cave, Dungeon. See -Dungeon Rock.
Cave, SwaUows', 59, 75.
Cave, Wolf's, 66.
Cavern, Roaring, 60.
Cedar Pond, 70.
Celebrations. See Independence.
Celestial and atmospheric phenomena,
82, 257, 278, 313, 323, 327, 335, 336,
338, 389, 390, 391, 396, 397, 400, 402,
415, 426, 434, 446, 449, 457, 461, 462.
Cemetery, Pine Grove, Lynn, conse
crated, 425. First burial in, 426.
Conveyed to tbe city, 438. Soldiers'
lot in, 472.
Cemetery, Catholic, consecrated, 454,
Cemetery, Lynnfield, consecrated, 448,
Cemetery, Swampscot, conseci-ated,439
ChadweU, 119, 169, 171, 227, 228, 340,
526, 538, 576, 579,

598

HISTOBT OP LTNN,

Chadwick, 584,
Chamberlain, 579,
Chandler, 465, 581,
Changes of weather, extraordinary, 82,
417, 438, 443, 464.
Channing, 553.
Chapin, 589. ,
Chapman, 154,
Charters, colonial, 280, .575.
Chase, 323, 327, 330, 333, 370, 402, 416,
465, 485, 500, 566, 581, 585, 587,
Cheever, 86, 320, 325, 328, 344, 345,
429, 471, 576, 578, 579, .588,
Chesapeake and Shannon, battle of, 373.
Chesnuts, 252.
Chessman, 584.
Chester, 417.
Chicataubut, (Indian,) 33.
Chickering, 310.
Child, 158, 211.
Childs, 321, 360, 415, 416, 568, 585, 588,
Chillinffworth, 576,
Chilson, 208, 576.
Chipman, 499.
Choate, 420.
Chocolate manufacture, 360, 415.
Cholera, Asiatic, 423.
Christmas, observance of, forbidden by
law, 103, 251.
Christmas-day, warra, 358.
Church, (surnarae,) 184, 305, 587.
Church, formation of first in Lynn, 1.39.
Church difficulties, 140, 148, 164, 354,
387.
Church edifices. See Meeting Houses.
Church, Protestant Episcopal, 100 to
110, 381, 402, 404, 460,
Churches. See Religious Societies.
Churchill, raelancholy death of Miss
Sarah, 429. '
Churchraan, 190, 191, 576,
Chute, 448, ,587,
Cicily Su-George, (Indian,) 39, 41, 51,.54.
Cilley, 46.5,
City forra of governraent adopted, 424.
 Clerks, list of, 580.
 Debt at different periods, 586.
 Property in 1864, value of, 586.
 Tax iind rate of taxation at differ
ent periods, 586.
— ; — Appropriation, 1864, items, 586.
 Hall, 478, ,591.
 , Valuation of estates in, at differ
ent periods, 586.
City Guards, 433, 46.5.
Clam-bake, political, at Swampscot414,
Clams, 136, 144, 297, 309,
Clapp, 456, 582,

Clark, 131, 185, 230, 231, 305, 431, 434,
469, 576, 581, 583, 589,
Clarrage, 465.
Clay, 427, 434, 461.
Clement, 465, 576.
Clergymen, ^ee Ministers.
Clerk's, Town and City, lists of, 580.
 Town, of Lynnfield, 587.
 Town, of Nahant, 589.^
 Town, of Saugus, 588.'
 Town, of Swarapscot, 589.
of tlie Wi-its, 10, 214, 292, 580.

Cleveland, 346, 351.
Cleves. 160.
Clifford, 299, .300, 575, 576.
Climate, 80, 82.
Clocks, public, 586.
Clough, 135.
Coal, anthracite, early use of, 400.
Coates, 226, 241, 261, 285, 417, 576, 579.
Cobb, 403.
Cobbet, 48, 49, 159, 169, 172, 209, 812,
215, 224, 229, 235 to 242, 256, 257,
260, 576, 582.
Cod-fish, 80. Great fares of, 448.
Codman, 395.
Coe, 465.
Coffee, introduction of, 313.
Coffin, 356, 396, 453, 479, 533, 534.
CoggshaU, 377.
Coining. See Money.
Cold, 204, 222, 298, 325, 344, 356, 380,
386, 390, 397, 404, 407, 411, 442, 445,
473.
Coldara, 119, 143, 172, 173, 175, 292,
576 579.
Cole, 190, 295, 576, 579, 584.
Colesworthy, 151, 576.
Collins, 11, 151, 154, 171, 185, 215, 219,
240, 252, 253, 282, 291, 293, 298, 301,
305, 312, 324, 325, 326, 328, 381, 336,
344, 345, 467, 479, (500 to 502 con
tain a biographical notice of Micajah
Collins, the Quaker f)reacher.) 520,
521, 525, 536, 576, 578, 579, 580.
Colored race, 22, 277. See Slaves.
Slavei-y,
Colurabus, 28, 271,
Colyer, 443.
Corae-outers, 408.
Comets, 234, 255, 276, 372, 390, 402,
411, 437, 451. (454, the comet of
1858, with illustration.) 460. (468,
the comet of 1861, with illustration.)
Committee of Safety, Revolutionary,
Common Council, Presidents of, 581.
Common, Lynn, 306, 310, 422.

INDEX.

589

Communion plate of First Church, 354.
Conant, 56,141, 187.
Concrete or gravel houses, 440.
Gondii, 587.
Conflict between church and civil au
thorities, 253.
Congress boot, 417.
Conner, 430, 431, 465.
Consumption, 81, 428.
Continental money, 343.
Conventions, Constitutional, mem'bers
of, 581.
Cooke, 402, 407, 408, 420, 448, 475 to
477, 582, 589,
Coolldge, 405.
Cooper, 151, 171, 172, 194, 195, 216,
576.
Copley, 205.
Copp, 371, 425.
Corey, 294.
Cpm, 132, 169,
Corwin or Curwin, 200, 228, 289,
Costume. See Dress,
Cotton, (surname,) 169, 334.
Counsellors aud Assistants, names of,
577.
Courts, 12, 134, 146, 164, 165, 169, 250,
253, 256, 322, 335, 423, 582.
Courtship, 37, 163, 186, 222, 225, 280.
Cove, Dorothy's, 291.
Covel, 583.
Covenant, Half-way, 166.
Covenant ofFirst Church ofLynn, 165.
Cowdry, 11»171, 214, 576,
Cowper, 214, 216, 576,
Cox, 439, 576, 582.
Cove, 583.
Crafts, 173, 2.56,
Crandall, 131, 230, 231, 583,
Cranston, 576.
Crimes. See Punishments.
Croft, 173, 576.
CromweU, 156, 229, 234.
Cross, 172, 576,
Crow, 358.
Crowell, 583, 584.
Crowninscheldt, 71, 72, 299, 300, 576.
Ciyon, 465.
Currel, 366.
CuiTency, See Money.
Curtin, 342, 479, 514. (528 to 532 con
tain a notice of Enoch Curtin.)
Curtis, 320, 415, 465.
Cui-win or Corwin, 200, 228, 289.
Cushing, 390, 579, 583, 589.
Cushman, 121, 364, 584.
Customs, See Manners and Customs,
Cutler, 534,

D,
Daffin, 290, 297,
DagueiTeotype picture, first taken in
Lynn, 409.
Dagyr, 90, 328.
Dalton, 160, 164, 466.
Dancing, 232, 260, 359, 416,
Dane, 576.
Danforth, 111, 178, 274, 275, 296, 434,
579, 587, 592.
Daniels, 190, .576.
Dark days, 310, 343.
Dariing,'208, 299, 576,
Dashing Rock, 61,
D'Auley, 217.
Davenport, 98, 129, 176, 466,
David, (Indian,) 39, 41, 51, 54.
Davis, 122, 151, 152, 172, 173, 181, 192,
200, 276, 282, 384, 430, 433, 436, 453,
466, 472, 575, 576, 579, 581,
Davison, 233.
Dawes, 224, 576.
Day, 584, 589.
Deacon, 253,. 172, 258, 576.
Deaths, accidental and singular, 111,
124, 153, 203, 262, 277, 321, 323, 324,
326, 329, 331 , 332, 334, 335, 336, 347,
351, 357, 358, 362, 364, 366, 367, 371,
377, 380, 381, 388, 391, 394, 395, 403,
405, 406, 414, 415, 418, 421, 423, 426,
429, 430, 4.32, 434, 436, 437, 438, 439,
443, 445, 446, 447, 449, 450, 451, 452,
453, 454, 456, 457, 460, 467, 469, 472,
474, 478.
Debt, City, at different periods, 586,
Deed, Indian, ofLynn, 49, 282,
Deer, 311, 325, 337,
Degen, 583.
Delavau, 581.
Denier, 461.
Dennison, 261, 583.
Dent, 576.
Derby, 497, 499.
Derick, 294, 295, 576.
Desborough, ,576, i < ! i
Devei-eaux, 342, * '-> ^
DeWitt, 190.
Dexter, AQ^U9, 125, 131, 137, 138,
4W^^ 169, 172, 196, 204, 205, 213,
2ro, 221, 224, 240, 241, 242, 267, 318,
319,346,576,
Dickerson, 298.
Dillingham, 120, 169, 576,
Diman, 576.
Dimond, 374,
Dinah, (slave,) 344,
Dinan, 188, 192,
Dingley, 576,

600

HISTOET OP LTKN,

Disaster at Lynnfield Pond, 426.
Disasters of the Sea. See Shipwrecks.
Discoveries and Voyages, early, 25.
Diseases. See Sickness,
Dispaw, 576.
Diven, 135, 576.
Division of lands, 171,252, 306,
Dixey, 112, 113, 242, 576,
Dixon, 389,
Dizer, 588,
Doctors. See Physicians.
Dogs, number of, licensed in 1864, 586.
Dolan, 445.
Dole, 576.
Domestic animals. See Cattle, Sheep,
Donelly, 466.
Doollttle, 122, 123, 576,
Dorothy's Cove, 291,
Dorrel, 31.
Double Tides, remarkable, 150, 410,
Dougherty, 466
Douglas, 576,
Dow, 471.
Downer, 465.
Downing, 137, 179, 207, 210, 223, 224,
259, 317, 424, 479. (519 contains a
notice of Elijah Downing.) 576, 581.
Drake, 264, 579.
Draper, 451, 456.
Dread Ledge Beacons, 395, 397, 477.
Di-ess, 87, 90, 182, 231, 233, 348, 430,
Drew, 539, 589.
Driver, 119, 172, 191, 263, 282, 291,576,
584.
Droughts, 182, 212, 277, 282, 298, 306,
328, 347, 351, 362, 416, 439, 445, 447,
460, 477.
Di-ovimings. See Deaths.
Drumer, 576,
Drunkenness, 135, 140, 204, 211, 212,
217,
Dudley, 36, 42, 45, 109, 114, 117, 203,
215, 305, 465, 575,
DugaU, 576,
Dugglers, 576.
Dummer, 191, 575.
Dunbar, 583,
Dungeon Rock, 243 to 250, 401, 430,
445, 471.
Dunham, 584.
Dunn, 579,
Dunnell, 579
Dunton, 156
Durant, 401.
Dwellings, construction and fashion of,
114, 132, 440, 590,
Dwight, 589, „
Dyer, 362, 576,

E,
Eagles, 432, 442, 446.
Early Settlers ofLynn, notices of. 111,
114, 150, 173, 183, 225. List of Sur-
names of, 576.
Earthquakes, 117, 182, 209, 243, 252,
321, 323, 324, 326, 330, 331, 333, 345.
361, 367, 371, 377, 380, 396, 403, 416.
436, 462.
Eagerly winds, 425. See Winds,
Eastman, 460, 589.
Eaton, 229, 241, 576.
Eclipses, 255, 260, 367, 456.
Editors ofLynn newspapers, 582,
Edmunds, 120, 172, 282, 285, 576,
Education, 283. See Schools,
Edward, (Indian,) 203,
Edwards, 466, 576,
Egg, 576.
Egg Rock, 61, 75, 448, 462.
Egg Rock Light, 448, 450.
Elder, 465.
Elderkin, 143, 172, 174, 175, 576.
Eldred, 444.
Electric Telegraph, 418, 444, 454,
Elephant, first exhibited in Lynn, 362
Eliot, 40, 181, 242, 260, 427.
Elkins, 299, 576.
Ellis, 223, 460, 576, 584,
Elwell, 184, 576.
Embargo, 368, 371.
Embedded Trees, 77,i40
Emerson, 86, 330, 403, 581, 587, 58a
589.
Emerton; 465, 570.
Emery, 477.
Eraes, 588.
Endicott 31, 32, 49, 95, 112, 137, 1,3a
149, 191, 205, 210, 211, 229, 575.
Engines. See Fire Engines.
Enlistments, 465, 467.
Entei-tainment of dignitaries, 210.
Episcopal Church. See Church:
Epitaphs :
Burchs,ted, Dr. John Henry, 226.
Burrill, Hon. John, 491,
Clifford, John, 299.
Cobbet, Rev. Thoraas, 236.
Henchraan, Rev. Nathaniel, 333,
Shepard, Rev. Jeremiah, 318.
-Stocker, Mrs. Han-iet N., 426,
Townsend, Daniel, 339,
Whiting, Rev. Samuel, 272.
Eric, 26,
Errington, 576.
Essex, (slave,) 344,
Estes, 185, 305, 439, 466, 485, 576.

INDEX.

601

1
Ether, singular death by, 443.
Eustis, 575.
Evelyn, 260.
Everett, 575.
Ewington; 576.
Exchange Building, 41
Execution of Hugh Peters, 149.
Explosion of steam cylinder, 470,

Factoi-y, Oak street, (Breed's,) 411.
Fail-field, 152, '190, 191,192,200,576.
Fairne, 342. See Fern.
Faii-s, Ladies', 404, 422. 469,
Fales, 358, 46,5.
Fall of a house, 440,
Farley, 443.
Farmer, 158.
Farm house, old, at Swampscot, 202.
Farming, 44, 140, 169.
Fai-m pi-oduce, jirices of, at different
periods. See Prices,
Farnel, 263, 576,
Farnsworth, 576.
Farr, 120, 172, 242, 280, 576.
Farrar, 185, 186, 292, 293, 294, 295,
298, 306, 484, 485, .576.
Farrington, 51, 153, 171, 186, 190, 193,
194, 235, 263, 282, 292, 293, 342, 355,
36.5, 486, 492, 576, 579.
Fashions. See Dress.
Fasts, 164, 169, 255, 256, 260, 281, 309,
322, 423, 464, 469.
Fay, 71, 579, 593.
Feake, 120, 159, .576.
Felt, 233, 313, 321, 340, 576, 579,
Felton, 86, 576.
Female education, 363.
Fenno, 457, 474.
Feme, 185, 576. See Fairne.
Fernside, 576.
Ferry, ancient, 94, 98, 183.
Fidler, 362.
Field, 583.
Fight, prize, in Lynn, 436,
Fillmore, 427, 583.
Financial embarrassraents in 1857, 452.
Finnegan, 362,
Fire Departraent 402, 463.
Fire Engines, 235. 359, 451,461, 477, 586
Fire-flies, 80.
Fires, 121. 130, 196, 223, 324, 325, .329,
365, 368, 370, 386. 400, 402, 403, 407,
410, 412, 414, 415, 416, 418, 421, 42.3,
424, 425, 428, 429, 4.30, 431, 432, 437,
439, 443, 444. 446, 450, 452, 456, 457,
458, 460, 462; 464, 467, 469, 470, 471,
472,473,477,47a
y2

First Church Covenant, 165,
First interment in Old Burying Ground,
171. In Pine Grove Cemetery, 426,
First newspaper printed in Lynn, 512,
First Settlers. See Early Settlers.
First white person born here, 126, 482.
Fish, (surname,) 576, 589.
Fish, (of the sea,) 80, 141, 144, 219,
395, 433, 439, 450, 451, 452, 461, 462,
Great fares of, 443, 448, 463, 473,
478. /
Fisher, 310.
Fiske, 478, 576.
Fitch, 111, 120, 172, 190, 214, 576.
Pitzpatrick, 445, 454, 467. /
Flag, colonial, 149, 280, 347.
Flagg, 345, 358, 372, 379, 497.
Flanders, 466.
Flannel, manufacture of, at Saugus;
395, 405.
Flax, 132.
Flax Pond, 132, 143.
Flint, 257, 265, 335, 339, 576, 580, 581.
Flood, 191, 576. See Floyd.
Flora, (slave,) 391, 392.
Florence, 579, 580.
Floyd, 153, 171, 576. See Flood.
flushing, L. 1, settled, in 1640, by
Lynn people, 196.
Flyiin, '46*.
Foley, 205, 235.
Foliage, autumn, 82.
Foote, 427.
Foot-prints in rock, 69.
Foot races, 443, 448, 452, 456.
Forbes, 351, 456.
Forret, 192.
Fortune teller, (MoU Pitcher,) 374.
Foss, 465.
Foster, 153, 171, 207, 417, 426, 465,
466, 576.
Fott 576.
Fowle, 158, 358, 484,
Fox, 162, 303.
Foxcroft, 465.
Foxes, 299, 319, 329, 445.
Foye, 465;
Fraile, 153, 172, 576.
Franklin, 413.
Eraser, 465. i
Free Church, 432, 585.
Freeman, (surname,) 153, 169, 576.
Freeman, (qualified resident) 158.
Freemasons, 367, 390, 394, 401, 414,
French, 439.
Friction Matches come into use, 400.
Friends. See Quakers.
Frost, (surname,) 235, 457, 583, 587.

602

HISTORT OP LTNN.

Frosted Trees, 392, 445, 508, '
Frosts, 327, 358, 379, 402, 404, 456,
Frothingham, 366, 588.
Fruit, large crops of, 396, 463, 472.
Fugitive slave law of 1850, 426.
Fuller, 22, 153, 186, 252, 256, 262, 287,
292, 359, 362, 418, 450, 479. (505 to
511 contain a biographical notice of
Maria Augusta Fuller.) 530, 576,
578, 580, 581, 585.
Fulton, 576.
Funerals, customs at, 103, 236, 276.
Funerals of deceased soldiers, 471.
Furbush, 430.
Furnace, great aud little, 66.
G.
Gage, 316, 338, 575.
Gaines, 172, 190, 576.
Gale, (surname,) 433, 447.
Gales. See Winds. Storms. Tem
pests.
Galucia, 579.
Gannett, 587, 589.
Garder,'l84, 26-3, 57o.
Gardner, 306, 308, 358, 391, 397, 498,
575, 581.
Garraents, fashions of. See Dress.
Gas, illuminating, 436, 438, 46;i
Gaskins, 345. •
Gates, 435, 436, 514.
Gaunt, 576.
Gear and Geere, 153, 576, 582, 583.
Gedney, 157.
Genealogies :
Bassett, 185.
Burrill, 115, 492
Hai-t 227.
Lewis, 181
Newhall, tracing the lineage of four
teen of the heads of families of
the name, now among us, up to
Thomas, the first individual of
European parentage, born here,
483 to 488.
Witt, 190.
General Court, 134, 146, 164, 165, 169,
250, 256, 322, 335, 57a
Geology of Lynn, 72, 408,
George, 172, 576, 583.
George Ruranev Marsh alias George
No-Nose, (Indian,) 38, 39, 41, 42, 51,
131, 182, 203, 232, a41, 242.
Gerry, 343, 350, 575, 576,
Gettings, 236.
Gibbons, 36, 180,
Gibson, 546, 576,

Gifford, 91, 207, 226, 229, 230, 233,
235, 259, 276, 576,
Gift, (slave,) 344,
Gilbert, 466,
Giles, 576,
Gill, 580.
Gillow, 179, 186, 576
Gilloway, 576,
Gingle, 576.
Giris, lost, 141, 203. See Deaths.
Glover, 136.
Goats, 196, 232.
Goddard, 576.
Godson, 172, 17.5, 576,
Goff, 310.
Goldtbwaite, 421.
Golt, 282, 576.
Goodale, 576.
Goodridge, 465.
Gookin, 33, 40, 47.
Gool, 576.
Goi-e, 352, 369, 575.
Gorges, 30, 31, 32, 34, 180, 198.
Gosnold, 28, 29, 40,
Goss, 584. '
Gott, 576.
Gould, 186, 226, 250, 251, 345, 576,
Gove, 438, 486.
.Governors of Massachusetts, list of, 575.
Gowdey, 381. ,
Gowing or Gowan, 227, 298, 330, 331,
450, 576.
Grahara, 169.
Granite, 73.
Grasshoppers, 62, 256, 328.
Gravel houses, 440.
Graves, 113, 120, 226, 263, 282, 576,
584.
Gravesend, origin of name, 121.
Gravesend, L. 1, settled in 1640, by
Lynn people, 196.
Gravestone, oldest in Lynn, 299.
Gray, 309, 312, 328, 362, 369. (419
and '20 contain a notice of George
Gray the Lynn hermU.) 479i (496
to 500 contain a biographical sketch
of WUliara Gray, the eminent mer
chant) 576,579,582.
Green and Greene, 229, 389, 391, 417,
576, 582, 587.
Greenhill, 205, 235.
Greenland, 306, 308, 576, *
Greenwood, 576.
Griffin, 185, 466, 475, 576,
Grotto, Irene's, 60,
Grotto, Mary's, 66.
Grout, 434.
Grover, 417, 466.

INDEX,

603

Gi-unnill, 576,
Guirey, 361.
Guns not to be used by, or sold to, the
Indians, 135, 140,
Gurney, 442,
Gustin, 576, H,
Haberfield, 292, 293, 576.
Hacker, 185, 576,
Hackett, 576,
Haddock, 80, 450,
Hadley, 339, 580.
HaU, 278, 2.59, 441, 461.
Hair, long, 224, 238, 328. See Beard.
Hale, 296, 576.
Half-wav Covenant, 166,
Hall, 120, 121, 256, 362, 576, 588,
Hallara, 584.
HaUett, 181.
Hallowell,327,341,580. See Holloway.
HalsaU, 576.
Halsey, 172, 174, 194, 214, 216, 576.
Hammond, 171, 576, 592.
Hampton, N. H., settled in 1638, by
Lynn people, 179.
Hanaford, 583.
Hancock, 345, 350, 575.
Handforth, 153, 172, 278, 576,
Hannibal, (slave,) 344, 345,
Hanson, 471, 546.
Harcher, 155, 172, 193, 194, 242, 576.
Hardman, 576,
Harker, 576,
Hariow, 576.
Harndale, 576.
Harriden, 466.
Harris, 107, 247, 248, 300, 383, 402,
465, 466, 580, 584, 588.
Harrison, 408,
Harsey, 52.
Hart, 55, 188, 189, 226, (227 contains
a genealogy ofthe Hart family.) 263,
292, 294, 295, 576, 579, 580,
Hartwell, 377,
HascaU, 583,
Hasel, 231.
Hasey, 306, 30a
HaskeU, 190, 447, 576.
Haskins, 576.
Hatch, 589.
Hathaway, 123.
Hathorne. 124, 176, 186, 196, 233, 240,
252, 253, 258, 261, 265, 282, 576,
Haven, 186, 211, 292, 482, 576.
Hawkes, 95, 121, 172, .219, 230, 233,
240, 251, 282, 292, 324, 345, 473,
576, 581, 58a

Hawkins, 151, 313, 576, .
Hawley, 475.
Hay, 440, 576.
Haynes, 575, 576
Hayward, 266.
Hazen, 332,
Hazeltine, 403,
Healey, 576.
Hedding, 583.
Hedge, 242, 576.
Hempstead, (surname,) 584.
Hempstead, L. 1, settled in 1640, by
Lynn people, 196,
Henchman, 318, 322, 326, 327, 329,
332, 333, 474, 477, 580, 582,
Hendley, 448.
Henshaw, 582
Hentz, 275.
Hepburn, 417.
Herbert, 434.
Hermit of Lynn — George Gray, 419,
Herrick, 584,
Hewes, 212, 213, 576, 579, 581, 587
Hickocke, 205,
Higginson, 34, 38, 51, 239, 265,
High, 583.
High Rock, 68, 72, 403, 417, 431,
High School, 428, List of Principals,
581,
High way Robbery, 379, See Robberies.
Hill and Hills, (surnames,) 185, 452,
465, 576, 579, 580, 587.
Hill, Lindsey's, 125,
Hill, Pine, 69,
Hill. Sagamore, 69.
HiU,' WindmUl, 127.
Hildreth, 368, 414, 581.
Hiller, 466.
Hilliard, 576.
Hinckley, 584.
Hinds, 583, 587
Hinks, 465, 46a
Hinkson, 576,
Hitchings, Hitchens, 263, 282, 356, 380,.
576, 580, 581, 58a
Hithersay, 211.
Hixon, 465,
Hobart, 274,
Hobby, 327, 333
Hodgkins, 261, 469,
Hodgman, 448, 587,
Hog, large, 414,
Hogan, 395,
Holbrook, 536,
Holcraft, 91,
Holder, 462, 581.
Holham, 576.
HoUoway, 186, 576. See HaUowell.

604

HISTORT OP LTNN.

Holman, 588.
Holmes, 106, 131, 230, 231, 426.
Holsworth, 576.
Holyoke, (surname,) 121 to 125, 128,
171, 242, 576, 578.
Holyoke, Mount, origin of name, 123.
Holyoke Spring, 70, 121,
Homicides in Lynn, 430, 437, 472.
Hood, 53, 184, 185, 186, 200, 292, 294,
298, 305, 313, 335, 362, 424, 425, 426,
429, 433, 445, 479, 484. (542 to 544
coiitain a biographical notice of Geo.
Hood, the fiist Mayor of Lynn.) 576,
581, 585.
Hooke, 196.
Hooker, 224.
Hooper, 201.
Hopldns, 140.
Horse-mackerel, 444, 447, 457,
Horse Rail-roads, 463, 467, 473.
Horse Trot in 1816, in Lynn, 379.
Hort 576.
Hoi-ton, 583.
Hot Weather, 169, 319, 331, 328, 371,
379, 381, 390, 413, 415, 447, 477.
Hotel, Nahant, built, 382. Eastern
wing blown down, 438. Description
of, 469. Destroyed by fire, 469.
Hotels built Lynn, 365. Mineral
Spring, 371. Sagamore, 439.
Hotels. See Taverns.
Houghton, 576.
Houses, construction and fashion of,
114, 132, 440, 590.
Howard, 187, 357, 576, 580.
Howe, 124, 125, 135, 143, 167, 169, 171,
173, 175, 177, 178, 190, 192, 193, 194,
576, 578, 579, 584.
Howell, 143, 157, 171, 194, 195, 214,
223, 576.
Hoyt, 465.
Hubbard, 101, 125, 190, 214, 216, 259,
292, 316, 473, 576, 581.
Hudson, 125, 152, 157, 172, 191, 192,
205, 208, 218, 292, 307, 434, 465, 576,
580.
Hughes, 212.
HuU, 122, 256.
Humfi-ey, 56, 114, 141, 147, 149, 152,
165, 168, 169, 179, 180, 187, 191, 192,
196 to 201, 241, 242, 285, 291, 576,
577, 579.
Hunnewell, 466.
Hunt, 580.
Hunting in Lynn woods, in 1855, 445,
Hurd, 374, 379, 576, 582,
Hussey, 125, 139, 160, 162, 179. 239,
351, 390, 482, 576.

Husted, 583,
Hutchins, 120, 293, 576.
Hutchinson, 138, 151, 164, 169, 172.
178, 183, 214, 218, 228, 251, 255, 334.
340, 361, 417, 437, 455, 489, 490, 491
575,576,579.
Hydrophobia, distressing death by, 467
L
Ice business, 443, 474,
Ice in July, 326.
Impressions of feet in rock,^6 .
Impressment of soldiers, 263, 291, 326.
331.
Independence, celebrations of, 366, 368,
371, 391, 403, 421, 451, 456.
India Rubber Overshoes introduced,
386,
Indian Deed ofLynn, 49, 282,
Indian Skeleton found, 388,
Indian Summer, 82, 440.
Indian Wars, 167, 262. See Wars.
Indians, 17 to 21, 32 to 49, 135 to 141,
167, 178, 203, 209, 252, 262 to 265,
288, 321, 412, 423, 462. (And for
sketches of several ofthe more prom
inent Indians who resided in this vi
cinity, see Biographical Sketches.)
bigalls. 111, 112, 171, 191, 200, 223,
240, 331, .351, 425, 450, 465, 466,
576, 580, 589.
Ingerson, 577,
Inns. See Taverns
Inoculation for small-pox, 342.
Inscriptions. See Epitaphs.
Insects, destructive. See Caterpillars.
Canker Worms.
InstaUations. See Ordinations.
Institutions for savings, 390, 445, 585.
Instruction. See Education. Schools,
Instructions to John Carnes, Repre
sentative, in 1786, 352,
Insurance Companies, 391, 398, 433,
Intoxication. See Drunkenness.
Inventions, raechanical, 220, 236, 389.
Irene's Grotto, 60.
Ireson, 172, 187, 241, 528, 577, 580.
Iron Works on Saugus river, first in
the country, 69, 97, 204, 211, 212,
213, 217 to 224, 230, 233, 234, 235,
251, 259, 266, 280.
Iron Castings, first in the country, 208,
Iron Mine Ledge, 61, 213, 292.
Iron Factory, Oak st (T. N. Breed's,)
411.
Iron-workers, 206, 207, 208, 229, 411,
Iverts, 577,
Ivory, 172, 173, 226, 227, 577.

INDEX.

605

Ja^°b and Jacobs, 307, 372, 519, 577,
580.
Jamaica, L. I., settled in 1640, bv Lvnn
people, 196. ' J J
James, (surname,) 329, 580.
James, (Indian,) 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42,
112,131-146,264,282, ' ' ' '
Janes, 366, 443, 583, 589,
Jarvis, 580.
Jay, 349.
Jayne, 583.
Jeffords, 577
Jefferson, 35
Jeffrey, 322.
Jeffries, 427,
Jenkins, 182, 305, 577,
Jenks, 208, 220, 231, 233, 234, 23.^ 251.
252, 256, 257, 260, 577:
Jennings, 118,
Jennison, 587,
Jewell, 584.
Jewett, 211, 236, 439, 571, 577.
Jillson, 446.
Jocelyn, 577. See Josselyn.
John, (Lidian,) 36, 38, 131, 146.
John's Peril, 61.
Johnson, 51, 112, 137, 132, 154, 162, 172,
19a 200, 204, 232, 252, 282, 291, 292,
293, 297, 312, 342, 344, 362, 365, 367,
447, 452, 465, 466, 485, 533, 577, 578,
579, 580, 581, 584, 585, 589.
Jones, 224, 465, 485, 577, 580, 589, "
Jo]-tin, 403.
Josselyn, 29, 42, 196, 255, 382, 423, 442,
582, 589. See Jocelyn,
Joy, 408.
Joyce, 577.
Justices of the Peace, first in Lynn,
under the Constitution, 345.
K.
Keayne, 121, 158, 178, 183, 214, 215,
216, 240, 577,
Keene, 465.
Keith, 109, 300, 301, 302, 303, 465,
Kelley, 465, 466, 583,
Kendall,.577.Kent, 583,
Kertland, 8a 154, 155, 172, 192, 193,
194, 226, 256, 266, 282, 577.
Keyser, 121, 122, 125, 143, 187, 241,
577.
Kibbey, 372, 583.
Kiching, 211.
Kidder, 421.
T2*

Kieft, 192.
KUburn, 583.
Kimball, 417, 465, 466, 582.
King, 51, 52, 53, 126, 130, 200, 204,
220, 221, 222, 228, 257, 266, 275,
287, 291, 292, 577,
Kingsbui-y, 450.
Kirby, 577,
Kirk; 226.
Kirman, 577.
Kleezkowska, 474,
Kneeland, 577.
Knight, 171, 190, 222, 251, 296, 577,
584.
Knott, 169, 577.
Knowlton, 450, 584.
Kossuth, 433.
Kunkshamooshaw, (Indian,) 40, 51, 54.
282.

Labor, prices of, at different periods.
See Prices.
Laborda, 466.
Ladies' Dress, See Dress,
Ladies' Fairs, 404, 422, 469.
Lafayette, Gen., his visits to Lynn, 351,
388.
Laighton, 155, 171, 214, 2^5, 236, 241,
256, 266, 267, 287, 577, 578, 580,
Lake, 466.
Lambert, 190, 223, 465 577.
Laraberton, 129
Lambord, 583.
Larapbier, 423.
Lamson, 581,
Land, ancient mode of conveying, 258.
Lauding, Ballard's, 98.
Landing, Needham's, 98.
Lands, division of, 171, 252, 306.
Lane, 577.
Langley, 176, .577. '
Larkin, 321, 415.
Larrabee, 339, 357, 577, 580.
Lathrop, 154, 577.
Laud, 102.
Lauriat, 403, 411.
Lawrence, 330, 373, 382, 383, 384, 385,
588.
Lawsuits. 196, 203, 221, 234, 241, 251,
252, 258, 259, 260, 266, 267, 297, 36a
Lawyers, 370, 372, 409, 435, 585,
Lay, 577,
Leader, 206, 213, 220, 222, 224, 229,
577.
Le Beau, 117.
Leap from High Rock, 403.
Leap, Lover's, 69, 72, 403, 550,

606

HISTORT OP LTNN,

Leavitt, 31,
Lechford, 32, 104,
Lee, 354, 362, 577,
Legg, 242, 577.
Legislature, See General Court,
Leif, 26,
LenthaU, 31.
Leonard, 206, 207, 230, 259, 577,
Letter of Rev. Mr. Whiting to Increase
Mather, 265.
Letter of Rev. Messrs. Whiting and
Cobbet to CromweU, 229,
Letters of Ebenezer Breed, embodying
information respecting the shoe trade
of Lynn, soon after the Revolution,
523 to 536.
Leverett, 158, 261, 575.
Lewis, 11, 13, 20, 23, 24, 28, 43, 49, 54,
62, 67, 6a 72, 79, 84, 91, 96, 101, 108,
116, 120, 125, 126, 128, 129, 133, 147,
151, 154, 155, 156, 158, 163, 166, 167,
169, 170, 173, 180, 181, 182, 184, 195,
199, 200, 201, 204, 205, 206, 209, 215,
225, 227, 228, 235, 23a 243, 244, 245,
246, 266, 267, 275, 279, 280, 283, 287,
289, 292, 293, 294, 299, 300. 313, 316,
317, 318, 321, .324, 325, 330, 333, 342,
343, 344, 352,355, 363, 368, 371, 381,
382, 390, 393, 395, 404. 405, 40a 412,
421, 452, 461, 470, 478, 479, 481, 482,
489, 490, 505, 512, 514, 528, 529, 541,
544. (544 to 565 contain a biograph
ical sketch of Alonzo Lewis, thvhis-
torian. And on page 181 may be
found his genealogy.) 566, 577, 580,
581, 582, 590.
Lexington, battle of, 338.
Libraries, 381, 387, 443, 458, 471, 517.
Lightfoot, 155, 172, 203, 215, 577,
Light Houses, 61, 429, 448, 450, 461,
556.
Light Infantry, Lynn, 372, 389, 416,
437,465, See MiUtary.
Lightning, 69, 2.56, 259, 333, 336, 329,
331, 351, 361, 364, 367, 368, 370, 395,
397, 401, 403, 407, 415, 421, 425; 431,
437, 43a 447, 453, 461, 471,
LiUey, 184, 577.
Lincoln, 434, 462, 463, 464, 511, 575,
584.
Lindsey, 125, 241, 263, 282, 325, 331,
345, 577, 579, 580.
Lindsey's HiU, 125.
Linen, manufacture of, in Ljrnu, 321,
37a 379,
Linnceus, 91, 560,
Lislet, 33,
Little, 538, '

.Loan and Fund Associations, 441.
Lobster Rocks, 62, 392.
Lobsters, 80, 144, 371.
Locke, 263, 282, 265, 577
Lockier, 109.
Lockjaw, 439, 451.
Log Cabins, 408.
Long, 247, 248.
Longevity. See Aged Persons.
Longfellow, 85.
Long Island, N. Y., settlement ofLynn
people on, in 1640, 192.
Longlev, 155, 172, 175, 176, 215, 236,
253, 353, 577, 580.
Look, 577.
Lord, 239, 253, 255.
Lord's day, 110, See Sabbath.
Loring, 581.
Loudon, 331.
Lougee, 465.
Lovell, 226, 577.
Lovejoy, 570, 581, 583,
Lover's Leap, 69, 72, 403, 550.
Lumber, amount of, landed in Lynn,
in 185a 454.
Luramis, 581.
Luraraus, 387, 390, 396, 479, 502.
(511 to 519 contain a biographical
sketch of Charles F. Lummus, the
first printer established in Lynn.)
527, 533, 541, 569, 581, 582.
Luscorab, See Lyscom,
Lyceum and Lyceum Hall, 392, 408,
428.
Lye, 227, 577, 580,
LyeU, 583.
LYNN:
Indian Deed of, 49.
General Description — Topography,
Phenomena, Natural History, 56.
First seittement of, 111.
Incorporation of, 134.
Description of, in 1633, by Wood,
143 ; and in 1651, by Johnson, 232.
Receives its present name, 169 : the
orthography and origin of the
name, 170.
Lands divided, 170, 306.
Surnames of all the early residents
of, 576.
First Directory of, published, 517.
City form of government adopted,
424.
Population of, at different periods,
585.
(And see Tables beginning on page
576.)

INDEX.

607

Lynn Mutual Fire Insui-ance Compa
ny formed, 391.
Lyun Village, 182, 196, 212.
LYNNFIELD :
Territory forming, granted to Lynn,
Made a District, or Parish, 309.
Incorporated as a Town, 377.
Forest Hill Cemetery consecrated,
448.
Lists of Representatives, Postmas
ters, Town Clerks, Religious So
cieties, and Ministers, 587.
And see pages, 76, 149, 183, 306,
310, 3ia 323, 324, 330, 332, 334, 342
345, 352, 362, 379, 380, 387, 388, 403,
404, 407, 409, 410, 431, 435, 436, 436,
440, 441, 447, 452, 45a 461, 463, 469,
470. See also Deaths, Lightniflg,
Fires. Storras.
Lynnmere, 71.
Lyscom, Luscomb, 226, 449, 454, 466.
577, . , , , ,
M.
Mackalum, 577.
Mackerel, 80, 144, 439, 478,
Macomber, 465.
Macreading, 583,
Madison, 521.
Madoc, 28, 577.
Madockawando, (Indian,) 238, 289.
Maffit, 589.
Magazines, powder, 326, 366.
Magee, 63, 384.
Magnetic Telegraph, 418, 444, 453,
454, 469.
Mahoney, 466.
Mailey, 451.
Makepeace, 320, 360, 487, 581, 588.
Malicious raischief, 259.
Mallalieu, 583.
Manatahqua, (Indian,) 39, 41.
Martn, 445, 589.
Manners and Customs of olden time,
99, 103, 107, 133, 133, 183, 209, 236,
240, 276, 347, 37a 496.
Manning, 584.
Mansfield, 122, 145, 151, 172, 175, 176,
187, 188, 189, 190, 229, 240, 253, 256,
266, 282, 293, 398, 323, 328, 329, 331,
334, 338, 340, 341, 344, 351, 381, 425,
458, 486, 492, 577, 578, 579, 580, 583,
587, ,588.
Mansfield's End, origin of name, 187.
Maplesdarme, 577.
Map of Lynn, fii-st coraplete, 395.
Marble, 245 to 250, 430, 445.

Marblehead, roads to, 250, 261.
Marine Disasters. See Shipwrecks.
Mdrket, ancient, at Lynn, 321,
Marriage cereraony, 103, 243, 350, 358,
267, ' ? '
Marsh, 371, 581, 583,
Marshall, 155, 156, 157, 172, 214, 217,
240, 243, 250, 258, 262, 282, 577, 57a
579,
Marshes, salt, 76, 144, 365, 366, 408,
Marston, 386.
Martin, 120, 122, 214, 341, 346, 347,
465, 466, 471, 495, 533, 577, 580,
Marvin, 588.
Mary's Grotto, 66.
Masconomo, (Indian,) 138.
Mason, 275.
Masonic Celebration, 390, See Free
masons.
Massasoit, (Indian,) 33, 262.
Massey, 359, 391, 580.
Matches, friction, come into use, 400.
Mather, 4a 49, 71, 159, 178, 199, 236,
237, 238, 260, 265, 272, 276, 296, 316,
Matrimonial Difficulties, 37, 233, 276.
Matthew, 423.
Maule, 125.
Mavrick, 118, 121, 146, 577.
Mayfield, 577.
Mayo, 201, 587, 589.
Mayors ofLynn, list of, 581,
McCurdy, 584,
McDavit, 466.
McDonald, 396,
McDugal, 577,
McGuire, 437.
McKeown, 583,
McMallen, 577,
Mead, 466.
Meadows, 77.
Measurements and Distances, 585.
Meeting-houses, 107, 139, 197,233,267,
277, 292, 293, 299, 305, 309, 310, 320,
324, 372, 374, 379, 388, 390, 395, 398,
400, 402, 403, 404, 415, 428, 431, 435,
443, 447, 451, 452, 454, 45a 460, 464,
469,586.
Mellen, 466.
Memoirs. See Biographical Sketches.
Meriam, 208, 309, 320, 326, 577.
Merrihue, 577. .
Merrill, 370, 465, 583, 584.
Merritt, 362, 426, 436, 439, 465, 580,
583.
Mesmerism, or Ani mai Magnetism, 408,
Metal Pens come into use, 401,
Meteors, 363, 396, 400, 446, 461. See
Celestial Phenomena.

608

mSTORT OP LTNN.

Methodist Conferences at Lynn, 362,
456.
Methodist Societies and Ministers, 354,
583, 584, 587, 58a 589.
Miantonimo, (Indian,) 17, 33.
MUes, 200.
Military, 135, 138, 140, 141, 143, 147,
177, 212, 213, 216, 220, 234, 243, 255,
262, 275, 292, 305, 331, 341, 358, 370,
372, 377, 414, 416, 418, 433, 434, 453,
465, 469, 579.
MiUer, 414, 466, 584.
Millerism, 414.
MiUett, 414.
Mills, (surnarae,) 291, 297, 299, 311,
440, 446, 456, 577.
Mills, (for grinding,) 119, 127, 128, 143,
147, 153, 157, 165, 200, 220, 234, 235,
320, 397.
MUner, 190, 577.
Mineral Sprmg, 71, 98, 257, 265, 279,
300, 371.
Ministers, 146. 159, 169, 277, 341, 39a
401, 402, 407, 412, 428, 443. Suc
cession of, in tbe various societies of
Lynn, Lynnfield, Saugus, Swamps
cot, and Nahant 583 to 589, And
see Ordinations. Salaries.
Minot 62.
Minot's Ledge Light, 429, 461.
Mint, for coining silver, established at
Boston, in 1652, 233.
Mirage, 82, 278. See Celestial and At
mospheric Phenomena.
Misdemeanors. See Punishments.
Missionary Society, fii-k Methodist,
formed, 381.
Mitchell, 257, 278, 468, 469.
Moll Pitchei-j the fortune-teller, 374.
Money, 43, 150, 233, 260, 291, 319, 333,
343, 351.
Montowampate, (Indian,) 36, 38, 137,
138, 140, 146.
Moody, 187, 18a 199, 201, 204, 214,
221, 238, 239, 387, 444, 577,
Moore, 189, 461, 542, 577, 581, 582,
584.
Morgan, 577.
Moriey, 140, 577, ''
Mormonism in Lynn, 398,
Morocco leather, manufacture of, 363,
520.
MorriU, 456.
Mon-is, 122.
Morton, 101, 257, 417, 575.
Mosses, pressing of, 418.
Mott, 584.
Mottey, 85, 345, 387, 587.

Moulton, 437, 466, 479. (502, '3 and '4
contain a biographical notice of Sol
omon Moulton.) 580, 592.
Mount Holyoke, origin of name, 123.
Mount Tom, origin of name, 124.
Mower, 190, 282, 324, 577.
Mudge, 201, 202, 227, 331, 336, 366,
370, 373, 377, 396, 401, 402, 426, 433,
473, 479, 492, 501, (536 contains a
biographical notice of Rev. Enoch
Mudge. And 538 contains a bio
graphical notice of Ezra Mudge.)
580, 581, 582, 583, 589, 592.
Mudgett, 465.
Mud Houses, so called, 440.
MuUiken, 417, 4ia 581.
Muminquash, (Indian,) 264.
Munroe, 339, 340, 380, 465, 468, 470,
580.
Munyan, 577,
Murders in Lynn, 430, 437, 472.
Murray, 466.
Music, band of, forraed in Lynn, 434.
Musical Association, 443.
Myles, 109. N.
NAHANT:
Eariy accounts of, 26 to 32.
Description of, topographical, and
general, 58 to 67, 74, 75, 80 to 85.
Purchase of, fi-om Indian Sagamore,
for a suit of clothes, claimed by
Thomas Dexter, 131, 148, 240 to
243, 367.
Efforts of Randolph to obtain grant
of from Andros, 284, to 291.
Sea-serpent's appearance in the wa
ters of, 382.
Incorporated as a separate town, 436,
Hotel built, 382 ; description of, 469 ;
destroyed by fire, 469.,
Names of Town Clerks, Postmasters,
and Ministers, 589.
And see pages 20, 26, 41, 57, 63, 70,
112, 119, 131, 135, 141, 144, 148, 204,
213, 233, 240, 2.57, 261, 291, 292, 297,
306, 307, 30a 309, 311, 312, 319, 334,
335, 362, 365, 370, 378, 380, 381 , 389,
395, 407, 421, 429, 431, 43a 444, 451,
452,453,457,463,474. See also Deaths. Fires. Lightning,
Shipwrecks, Storms. Tides,
Nahanton, (Indian,) 41, 42.
Names, double, 488.
Nanapashemet, (Indian,) 33 to 38, 40.
263,282.
Narremore, 577,

INDEX.

609

Natural Bridge, 60.
Natural History Society, 410.
Neal, 185, 199, 579, 581. See NeiU.
Neck, 577.
Needham, 98, 188, 189, 194, 228, 524,
577,
Needle, singular case of, in human
body, 457.
Negros. See Colored Race. Slavery.
Slaves.
Negus, 125, 577,
Neill, 474. See Nea
Nelson, 584.
Sewbold, 185.
ewcomb, 587.
NeweU, 370, 416, 426, 581.
Newhall, 125, 139, 155, 172, 181, 185,
186, 194, 263, 283, 293, 297, 306, 312,
320, 327, 328, 334, 341, 342, 345, 347,
348, 361, 364, 370, 382, 387, 391, 398,
402, 407, 409, 410, 417, 418, 420, 429,
442, 443, 447, 46.5, 472, 479, 577, 578,
579, 580, 581, 582, 585, 587, 588. . . .
And biographical notices of deceased
members of the Newhall family may
be found as follows :
Thoraas Newhall, the first white
person born in Lynn ; with a ge
nealogical sketch ofthe Newhall
family, 482.
Jacob (Landlord) Newhall, 494.
Josiah Newhall. (Hon.) 533.
Asa T. Newhall, (Hon.) 537.
Francis S. NewhaU, (Hon.) 539.
Isaac NewhaU, 540.
Benjarain F. Newball, 567.
Newland, 577.
Newman, 577, 579, 580.
Newspaper, first in Lynn, 512.
Newspaper Editors, Ust of, 582.
Newspapers, 390, 395, 396, 398, 405, 407,
410, 413, 4-23, 439, 442, 456, 512, 582.
Newton, 276, 465, 466, 560.
Nicholet, 261.
Nichols. 201, 342, 362, 407, 465, 5&3,
584, 588.
Nicholson, 577.
Nickerson, 398,
Nicknames, 488, 514,
Night Arches. See Northeni Lights.
Noble, 589.
Nonupanohow, (Indian,) 39, 41, 51, 54.
Noonan, 465.
Normenton, 297, 484, 577,
Norris, 20a 583.
North Spring, 70.
Northern Lights, 313, 323, 337, 335,
338, 391, 396, 402, 457.

Northey, 185.
Norton, 238, 239.
Norwood, 228, 293, 326, 332, 341, 347,
577.
Notai-y Public established in Lynn,
361.
Nourse, 416, 580.
Nowell, 115, 152.
Noyes, 415, 584.
Nullification, Lynn vs. South Carolina,
399, 427.
Nultonanit, (Indian,) 32.
Nye, ,577. O.
Oak, old, 147,
Oakes, 228, 262, 305, 577.
Oakman, 577.
Obatinua, (Indian,) 35.
Observatorv, Astronomical, at Lynn,
469.
Old Bulging Ground. See Burying
Grounds. ' i
:01d Mansfield House, 592.
Old People. See Aged Persons.
Old Tenor, 319.
Old Tunnel Meeting-house, 277. See
Meeting-houses.
Olden, 525.
Oldest Grave-stone, 299.
Oldham, 31, 32.
Oliver, 158, 183, 267, 414, 465, 577,
581, 582.
Omnibus coramences running, 435,
Onslow, 490.
Oonsumog, (Indian,) 40.
Opium eater, 526.
Ordinations and Installations, 165, 276,
318, .323, 325, 329, 330, 333, 345, 351,
358, 366, 374, 380, 388, 389, 394, 398,
400, 402, 407, 410, 412, 428, 443, 460,
472.
Orgin, 580.
Orr, 466.
Osgood, 584.
Ossian, 19, 508.
Otheman, 583,
Otis, 117, 444.
Otley, 190, 577, 579.
Otway, 577.
Over-shoes, India rubber, introduced,
386.
Owen, 466, 584.
Owls, 433, 473.
Oxenbridge, 261.
Ox-wagon, first in Lynn,-348.
Oyster Bay, L. I., settled in 1640, by
Lynn people, 196. 39

610

HISTORT OP LTNN,

P,
Pacey, 216,
Packet schooner run between Lynn
and Boston, 327.
Padington, 194.
Padishall, 297.
Page, 122, 257, 582.
Pahpocksitt, (Indian,) 38, 41.
Paine and Payne, 190, 266, 521, 577,
583, 584,
Painter, 582.
Palfrey, 141.
Palmer, 200, 380, 447, 465, 587.
Papasiquineo, (Indian,) 37.
Paper Money, See Money,
Pareus, 91.
Parker, 157, 172, 383, 577, 583.
Parris, 294.
Parrott, 362, 421, 580.
Parsonage, First Parish, and Parsonage
Lands. 353.
Parsons, 112, 351, 356, 357, 577, 562.
Partridge, 172, 577.
Passaconaway, (Indian,) 36.
Patience, 577.
Patten, 417, 465.
Paul, 259, 577.
Payne. See Paine. *
Payson, 351, 417.
Payton, 577.
Pea Island 59.
Peabody, 398, 401, 466, 580, 582.
Peach, 580.
Peale and ^ele, 410, 571
Pearls, disc'very of, 451.
Pearson, 577.
Pease, 258.
Peat Meadows, 77,
Peck, 583.
Pedestrian exercises and contests, 443,
448, 453, 456.
Pedigrees. See Genealogies.
Pell, 173, 577.
Pendleton, 353.
Penfield, 228, 577,
Pennerson, 365.
Pennock, 523.
Pens, Metal, corae into use, 401.
Pentland, 577,
Pepoon, 580.
Perdy, 430, 432,
Peril, John's, 61.
Perkins, 228, 238, 323, 330, 331, 344,
345, 380, 382, 403, 577, 587,
Periey, 582.
Perry, 379.
Person, 228, 577, 57a
Petagoonaquah, (Indian,) 39.

Petagunsk, (Indian,) 39.
Peters, 102, 135, 149, 192, 234.
Peterson, 449.
Petitions: Edward Randolph to Gov.
Andros, for a grant of Nahant,. 284.
Soldiers of Wampanoag war, for
grant of lands, 281.
Jews, meeting-house, 277.
Phantom Ship, 129, 130.
Pharaoh, (slave,) 344.
Phebe, j( slave,) 345.
Phenomena at Saugu3 river, 387.
Phenomena. See Celestial and Atmos
pheric Phenomena.
Philbrick, 486.
Philip, (Indian,) 264.
Phillips, 200, 228, 235, 239, 251, 257,
261, 263, 305, 342, 345, 357, 359, 367,
381,453,463,466,486,577,
Phippen, 379, 584.
Pliipps, 296, 575.
Photographs, 409.
Phrenology, 408.
Physicians, 226, 276, 345, 358, 396, ,397,
403, 410, 425, 533, 586.
Pickering, 116, 196, 362, 490, 492, 493,
541, 577, 583,
Pickman, 577.
Pic-nic at Lynnfield pond, distressing
accident at, 426.
Pic-nic, Spiritualist, at Dungeon Rock,
471.
Pierce, 141, 465, 581, 583,
Pierpont, 412, 582.
Pierson, 157, 192, 195, 577
Pigden, 577.
Pigeons, wild, 45.
Pike, 262, 418, 465, 466.
Pine Grove Cemetery, See Cemetery,
Pine Hill, 69.
Pine Tree Coins, 233.
Pinion, 225, 251, 577,
Piper, 592,
Pirate, shipwreck of, 311.
Pirate's Cave. See Dungeon Rock.
Pirates' Glen, 70, 244, 249.
Pirates, traditions concerning, 243.
Pitcher, 330, 374, 375, 3C6.
Pitt, 489, 490.
Plant, 332.
Plants found in Lynn, 79.
Plurality Law, 438.
Pococke, 205,
Poetry, specimens of, by deceased na
tives Lynn. See Specimens of Po-
eti-y.
Poets and Prose Writer^, native. See
Writers,

INDEX.

611

Police Court, Lynn, 423, 582.
Political Mass-meetings and Proces
sions, 414, 462.
Political Parties in Lynn, 349, 350,
36a 369. ¦ J > ' ,
Polk, 417.
PoUard, 584.
Poraetacora, (King Philip, Indian,) 17,
262 to 264. " f^' " '
Pompey, (slave,) 344.
Ponds, 70, 127, 143, 149, 411.
Ponus, (Indian,) 129.
Pool, 157, 171, 214, 577, 578, 589.
Poor-house, 381, 423.
Pope, 342, 577,
Population ofLynn at different periods,
583.
Poquanum, (Indian,) 39 to 41, 47, 119,
141, 146.
Porphyry, 72.
Porter, 342, 580, 583.
Post-masters, 581, 587, 588, 589.
Post-offices, 266, 357, 365, 3^. 403, 421 .
Potato Rot, 336, 416, 436, 432.
Potatoes introduced, 312.
Potter, 51, 126, 157, 171, 190, 221, 282,
293, 320, 321, 482, 484, 577.
'Pottei-y estabUshed, 372.
Pounds, 91.
..Pousland, 465.
Powder Magazines, 326, 366
Pownal, 575.
Pranker, 405, 470.
Pratt, 11, 331, 342, 365, 466.
Pray, 190, 207, 236, 577.
Prayer, 273.
Prayers, answer to, 238, 362.
Prayers at funerals not customary here,
in eariy times, 103.
Preaching in the open air, 327, 448.
Preaching of Whitefield,, in Lynn, 326,
327.
Predestination, doctrine 9f, 563.
Prescott, 85, 554.
Presidents of Common CouncU, list of,
581.
Presidents of the United States, Visits
of to Lynn, 353, 380, 400, «17.
Price, 268.
Prices, 134, 136, 175, 196, 222, 235, 252,
257,266, 998, 305, 322, 330, 380, 396.
Prichard, 577.
Pr^ce, 63, 101, 162, 344, 382, 384, 499.
Prince, (slave,) 344.
Prince of Wales, his Visit to Lynn, 462.
Pring, 29.
Printing office, first in Lynn, 512, 514.
Printing offices, in 1864, 586.

Privateer, 373.
Prize Fight in Lynn, 436.
Probate Court at Lvnn, 389, 463.
Proctor, 184, 295, 363, 445, 577, 580,
Provisions, &c., prices of, at different
periods. See Prices.
Public Houses. See Taverns.
Puffer, 577.
Pulpit Rock, 60, 75.
Punishments, 140, 142, 143, 152, 157,
162, 165, 173, 183, 191, 196, 197, 204,
209, 212, 216, 220, 223, 225, 230, 233,
253, 256, 258.
Purchis, 9, 10, 51„ 157, 190, 192, 226,
251, 256, 262, 266, 267, 282, 287, 290,
577, 578, 580.
Purinton, 345, 485.
Puritanism, 100 to 110.
Pury, 205.
Putnam, 86, 122, 190, 214, 215, 295,
323, 340, 341, 577, 583
Pynchon, 121, 122, 123.
Q,
Quaker Doctrines discussed by George
Keith and John Richardson, iu 1702,
at Lynn, 300 to 305.
Quaker Meetinghouses, 267, 320, 379.
Quakers subjected to indignities and
oppressions, 350, 262, 273, 296, 298,
305.
Quakers, riotous proceedings of, in
1833, at their meeting-house, 387,
Quakers divide on point of doctrine,
and point stated, 441,
Quakers, various facts concerning, 47,
125, 291, 296, 305, 312, 318, 329, 342,
351,390,402,536,585.
Quanapaug, (Indian,) 263, 264.
Quanapokonat, (Indian,) 42,
Quarrel between Thomas Dexter and
John Endicott, 137.
Queakussen, (Indian,) 40, 41,
Quonopohit, (Indian,) 51, 54, 55, 263,
264,282,' ' R,
Racoons, 374.
Raddin, 2.35, 288, 443, 450, 570.
Rail-roads, steam and horse, 100, 404,
411, 436, 440, 463, 467, 473.
Ram, 260, 262, 282, 314, 325, 359, 398,
440.
Ramsdell, 126, 229, 242, 289, 339, 425,
443, 452, 577, 580.
Rand, 190, 240, 292, 466, 577.
Randall, 58a
Randolph, 234, 284 to 291.

612

HISTORT OP LTNN.

Rattlesnakes, 416, 425, 434.
Raymond, 465.
Raynor, 583.
Bead, 211, 276, 577. See Reed.
Reading settled in 1639, by Lynn peo
ple, 182.
Rebellion, Shays's, 349, 352.
RebeUion, Southern, of 1861, patriotic
proceedings in Lynn at commence
ment of, 464.
Records, Town, 9, 483.
Red Rock, 69.
Red Spring, 71. See Mineral Spring.
Redding, 577.
Rednap, 127, 172, 239, 577.
Reed, 201, 351, 465, 466, 477. See
Read.
Regan, 447. j
Regatta at Nahant, 457.
Reith, 577.
Religious Character of the Early Set
tlers, 100.
Religious Societies, lists of, and Minis
ters, 582, 583, 584, 585, 587, 588, 589.
Remick, 465.
Representatives, 134, 146, 292. Names
of -^ Lynn, 578; Lynnfield, 587;
Saugus, 588.
Resolutions adopted in 1773, concern
ing the duty on Tea, 337.
Resolutions concerning the South Caro
lina Nullification of 1832, 399.
Resolutions concerning the Fugitive
Slave Law of 1850, 427.
Resolutions concerniJig the Rebellion
of 1861, 466. *^
Revenue, U. S. surplus, distributed, 404.
Revolutionary matters, 334 to 349.
Revolutionary Soldiers belonging to
Lynn, names o{, 579.
Rexford, 583.
Reynolds, 466, 577, 584.
Rhodes, 91, 143, 157, 190, 263, 282, 292,
320, 336, 356, 434, 447, 466, 520, 523,
v534, 577, 580, 581.
Rhyraster, 333.
Rice, 311, 312, 569, 583, 589.
Rich, 577, 580.
Richards, 126, 127, 143, 184, 282, 287,
305, 577, 583, 584, 589.
Richardson, 302, 303, 380, 439, 577,
580,581.
Rickraan, 89, 90.
Ricraft, 172.
Riddan, 577.
Rifle Corapany, Lynn, 389, 418.
Ring, 577.
Roach, 436, 577.

Roads, 94, 100, 137, 196, 250, 260, 421.
Roaring Cavern, 60.
Robberies, 216, 379, 421, 426, 431, 461,
462.
Robbins, 368, 371, 382, 400, 407, 582.
Roberts, 577.
Robinson, 238, 357, 362, 367, 397, 410,
579, 580, 581, 592.
Roby, 329, 340, 351, 363, 460, 579, 580,
588.
Rock' Temple, 64.
Rocks, 60, 61, 62, 66, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74,
439. 7
Bockwood, 380, 398, 534, 582.
Rogers, 163, 261, 451, 577, 583.
Roman Catholics. See Catholic Church.
Roolton, 172, 577.
Root, 261, 577.
Rooten, 577,
Rope-walking, daring feats of, 461.
Rose, 363.
Rouillard, 62,
Rowe, 466.
Rowland, 577,
Rubin, 211,
Ruff, 524.
Ruggles, 213.
Rum exchanged for Negi-o Slaves, 178.
Rummary, 577.
Rumney Marsh, 39, 76.
RusseU, 122, 206, 278, 279, 402, 584,
¦587.

Sabbath and Sabbq^h-breaking, 105,
110, 209, 217, 223, 256, 2.57, 300, 373,
Sadler, 10, 94, 95, 157, 158, 172, 174,
183, 196, 209, 214, 352, 577, 580.
Sadler's Rock, 69, 72, 95, 439.
Safety, Committee of, Revolutionai-y,
340.
Sagamore HiU, 36, 44, 69, 93, 121, 128,
131, 165.
Sagaraore Hotel built, 439.
Salaries, 277, 298, 311, 318, 322, 324,
326.
Sails, '577.
Salmon, 127, 241, 252, 260, 577,
Salter, 577,
Saltonstall, 154, 280, 296,
Saltpetre, manufacture of requu-ed in
famUies, 203.
Samson, (slave,) 344. •
Sanborn, 162, 465, 583.
Sanchez, 28.
Sancho, 22.
Sandwich, settlement of, commenced
in 1637 by Lynn people, 169.

INDEX.

613

Sanford, 192, 584.
Sai-ali, (Indian,) 41.
Sargent, 362, 434, 466, 583, 584, 585.
Sassacus, (Lidian,) 17, 33, 168, 264.
SAUGUS :
Incorporated as a separate town, 378.
Names of .Representatives, Town
Clerks, Post-masters, Ministers,
58a
And see pages 20, 57, 72, 75, 334,
325, 329, 363, 366, 372, 379, 395,
404, 405, 408. 429, 430, 431, 435,
438, 443, 450, 451, 460, 461, 463,
467, 470, 471, 473, 573, See also
Meeting-houses. Fires. Deaths.
Lightning. Storms.
Saugus River, 31, 57, 76, 144, 182, 205,
223, 232, 372, 378, 390, 415, 421,
Saundersoii, 465.
Savage, 120, 122, 155, 156, 158, 191,
195, 234, 235, 259, 266, 280, 589,
Savage Rock, 28.
Savings institutions, 390, 445, 585,
Sawin, 588.
Say, 197.
Sayles, 158.
Sayre, 171, 193, 194, 577,
Scales, 451.
Scariet, 210.
School-houses, 322, 324, 329, 358, 381,
416, 421, 422, 423, 424, 428, 431, 432,
436, 446, 447, 456, 45a 467.
School-masters, 131, 203, 283, 292, 297,
300, 305, 309, 310, 312, 318, 324, 329,
581.
Schools, 222, 360, 283, 284, 305, 309,
311, 318, 342, 351, 363, 424, 586.
Schouler, 466.
Scott, 172, 209, 405, 577.
Sea, damage by the, 388, 429, 442.
See Tides.
Sea-guards erected on Beach, 388, 404,
429,
Sea-serpent, 382 to 386,
Seal, City, 556.
Seals, 137, 4-39,
Seari, 388, 587.
Seccomb, 577.
Sedgwick, 213.
Seger, 589.
Selectmen, 165, 266, 283, 293, 329.
Senators, names of. from Lynn, 581,
Sermons, 105, 149, 178, 316.
Settlers. See Eariy Settlers.
Sewall, 119, 137, 179, 276, 360, 361,
443, 582,
Seward, 427,
Z2

Shackford, 94, 425, 582,
Shag Rocks, 60, 394,
Shakspeare, 123,
Sharks, 395, 451, 461.
Sharp, 300, 432, 577.
Shattuck, 113.
Shaw, 231, 417, 588.
Shays's Rebellion, 349, 352.
Sheep, 131, 232, 286, 290, 311, 325,
339.
Shells, beach, 309, 368.
Shepard, 238, 257, 276, 277, 278, 283,
289, 291, 292, 293, 296, 298, 299, 300,
301, 303, 304, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316.
317, 31 a 333, 492, 577, 578, 582.
Shepherd, town, 310.
Sherman, 91, 417, 577.
Shipwrecked Mariners, sufferings of,
124, 357, 362, 364, 463. .
Shipwrecks, 124, 136, 141, 242, 311,
325, 329, 331, 334, 335, 336, 353, 357,
359, 362, 390, 391, 392, 394, 396, 403,
407, 410, 431, 432, 448, 449, 456, 463.
Ship-yards at Lynn, 321, 399. [47a
hirley, 575.
^hoe business in 1864, 586.
'Shoe-makers, 88, 89, 91, 154, 256, 299,
328, 382, 413, 424, 447, 459, 586.
Shoe-makers' Strike, in 1860, 459,
Shoes aud Shoemaking, 86, 232,
334, 334, 335, 361, 371, 530, 523.
535, 570. ¦ _y
Shore, 577.
Shorey, 364, 365, 373.
Shrud, 138.
Shurtleff, 533.
Shute, 310, ,575,
Sias, 583.
Sickness, 34, 81, 146,312, 322, 355, 256,
265, 298, 319, 324, 325, 342, 397, 421,
424, 428, 490.
Side-walks, brick, 440.
Signatures. See Autographs.
Siguenot, 117.
Silk, manufacture of, at Lynn, 329, 404.
Silsbe, 153, 184, 228, 292, 33J, 577.
Simmons, 577.
Simms, 274, 580.
Simon, 577.
Simpson, 447.
Siverns, 577,
Skating, 455.
Skeleton of Indian exhumed, 388.
Skelton, 141.
Skeppar, 215, 577.
Skerry, 210.
Skiff, 577.
Skinner, 417, 587

'i!^S\^

614

HISTORT OP LTNN,

Slade, 588.
Slave, Fugitive, Law, of 1850, 426.
Slavery, 22, 178, 187, 264, 426.
Slavery, abolishment of, in the West
Indies, celebrated in Lynn, 415.
Slaves owned in Lyun, 344.
Slawson, 577.
Sleeping in Meeting, 209, 213, 221.
Sleigh Ride, perilous, 353.
SmaU, 434.
Small-pox, 146, 256, 298, 319, 342, 397,
424, 490.
Smith, 30, 33, 127, 163, 171, 187, 298,
319, 351, 384, 396, 463, 465, 467, 569,
577, 578, 579, 583, 584, 585, 589.
Snakes, 6-2, 416, 425, 434.
Snow, (surname,) 465, 466.
Snow and Snow Storms, 141, 146, 176,
203, 204, 2.59, 260, 298, 306, 310, 322,
324, 325, 329, 335, 336, 364, 366, 371,
372, 386, 391, 402, 433, 438, 441, 445,
449, 464.
SnoW in July, 366 ; in June, 379.
Snuff, manufacture of, 358.
Soaraes, 288.
Society, Female Benevolent, 478.
Soldiers. See MUitary. Volunteers.
Soldiers' bounties, 341, 353, 358, 377.
Soldiers, funerals of deceased, 471.
Soldiers' lot in Ceraetery, 472.
Soldiers, naraes of, who volunteered
at outbreak of Rebellion of 1861,
465, 466.
Soldiers of the Revolution, names of,
579.
Soldiers, public reception of, on their
return from war, 468, 473, 478.
Soule, 434, 583.
South, 143, 171, 173, 577.
Southarapton, L. I., settled in 1640, by
Lynn people, 192.
Souther, 115, 470.
Sparhawk, 318, 323, 336,i351, 587.
Sparks, 466, \
Spaulding, 395, 583, 589. \
Spear, 583. j
Speciraens of Poeti-y, by deceased wi-i-
ters, natives of Lynn, 395, 501, 503,
504, 508 to 511, 530 to 533, 535,
537, ,545, 550 to 553, 565, 573, 574,
Spencer, 94, 115, 172, 174, ,183, 191,
577, '\
Spies, Indian, 263.
Spinney, 417, 587.
Spiritualisra, 246, 413, 437, 471.
Sports ofthe Indians, 46.
Spouting Horn, 60.
Spring Pond, 71, 299, 411,

Springs, 70, 71, 121, 147, 279, 300.
See Mineral Spring, ¦
Sprowl, 410.
Squidraysett (Indian,) 141,
St John, 273, 274.
Stacey, 190, 229, 263, 577.
Stackpole, 379.
Stage Travel, 99, 333, 405.
Stamp Act, 334.
Stanbury, 171, 194, 577.
Standish, 577.
Stanley, 165, 225, 261, 448, 577, 57a
Staples, 583, 584, 587.
Star, The, the first penny newspaper
in Lyun, 517.
Starke,' 577.
Starkey, 577.
Starkweather, 475.
Stan-, 577.
Stavers, 333.
Steam Cylinder, explosion of, 470,
Steam Fire Engine, first in Lynn, 477,
Stearns, 406, 577.
Steele, 583, 589, '
Stetson, 147.
Stevens, 197, 438, 577, 583,
Stewart, 577. See Stuart
Stickney, 581, 589, 592.
Stimpson, 589.
Stiriing, 192.
Stocker, 156, 298, 426, 577, 579, 580,
588.
Stocking, 583,
Stocks, Bilboes, 142.
Stockton, 133.
Stoddard, 117
Stone, 465, 588.
Stone Houses, 201, 380, 381, 440, 469,
Stores in Lynn, in 1864, 586,
Storey, 373.
Storke, 579.
Storras, 124, 150, 203, 209, 221, 259,
260, 266, 278, 306, 310, 319, 322, 324,
335, 339, 335, 336, 359, 366, 371, 378,
380, 386, 391, 396, 397, 407, 410, 416,
433, 439, 433, 438, 440, 441, 445, 446,
449, 461 , 463, 463, 464, 477.
Stoughton, 575.
Stowers, 489, 5'^
Strain, 585.
Strange proceedings in forming a new
church, in 1674, 261.
Streets of Lynn, in 1864, 586.
Strike, Shoemakers' in 1860, 459.
Strong, 350, 575.
Stuart, 497. See Stewait
Stuyvesant, 188.
Styche, 207, 211, 239, 577.

INDEX.

615

Styles, old and new, 25. .
Sufferings of Shipwrecked Marinsrs,
134, 357, 362, 364, 463.
Sullivan, ffi, 350, 369, 575.
Summer, Indian, 82, 440.
Sumner, 575.
Sun, spots on. See Celestial Phenom
ena.
Sunday Services, customs at, 105, 209.
See Sabbath. Sleeping in Meeting.
Sunderiand, 413, 589.
Sim-dial on Lynn Common, 453.
Sun-fish, large, 4ffi.
Sunk Rock, ffi.
Surnames of aU Lynn Settlers down to
tbe year 1700, 57a
Surplus United States Revenue distrib
uted, 401.
Sutherland, 589.
Swaine, 52,
SwaUows" Cave, 59, 75,
Swamps, 78, 119, 128.
SWAMPSCOT:
Incorporated as a separate town, 434.
Orthography ofthe name, 170.
Fiist Fishing Schooner at, 339.
Cemetery consecrated, 439.
IJstB of Town Clerks, Post-masters,
and Ministers, 589.
And see pages -20. 67, 73, 131, 250,
358, 374, 391, 395, 40-2, 414, 415,
^3, 443, 445, 446, 447, 44a 450,
451, 456, 457, 471, 472. See also
Shipwrecks. Storms, Lightning.
T^des. Fires. Deaths.
Swan, 466, &45.
Swansey, 417, 587.
Sweetser, 321, 360, 4^ 466, oSa
Swett, 407, 410, 500, 582.
Symonds, 120, 150, 196, 211.
Sythe, improved, patented in 1655, by
Joseph Jenks, of Ljtui, 235.

Tables of names of Public Officers and
others. Statistics, &c~ o/o to 580.
Tailor, 575. See Taylor.
Talbot, 300, 301, 58a
Talmage, 1.30, 171, 172, 176, ST^i^
Tanneries, 1L2, 356.
Tapley, 227, 465.
Tar, manufacture of, 242.
Tarbox, 114, 190, 225, 261, 263, 282,
310, 47B. 577.
Tarr, 465, 577, 580.
Tavern bUls, curious, of certain colo
nial dignitaries, 2101

Taverns, 114, 156, 165, 210, 214, ^3,
255, 277, 341, 342, 365, 371, 3^, 438,
439, 469, 495, 586,
Tax, City, at different periods, 586.
Taxation, rate of, at various tim^ 586.
Taxes, 145, ^2, 31 1, 324, 334, 335, 586.
Tavlor, 1-27, 17-2. 190, 221, 222, 280,
307, 320, 3ffi, 400, 405, 428, 466, 577.
Tea, early use of, 313. Votes passed
In Lynn, in 1771 and 1773, concern
ing the use of, 336, 337. Destruction
of, in Lynn, in 1773, 337.
Teague, 265, 577.
Telegraph, 418, 444, 45.3, 454, 469,
Temperance Levee of Rev. Theobold
Matthew, 423.
Temperance Societv, 390.
Tempests, 150, 209," ^1, 259, 262, 366,
396. 397, 407. See Storms.
Temple. 230, 234, 541.
Temple Rock, 64.
Ten Hour System, 425.
Tenr, 194.
Thayer, eS, 150, 239, 35a 359, 361,
365, 373, 381, 505, 577, 382, 587.
Thanksgivings, 143, 473.
Thayer, SSJ.
Thing, 462.
Thom, 577.
Thomas, r24, 139, 155, 439.
Thompson, 271, 354, 386, 401, 402,
426, 4-28. 466, 577, 579, 589, 592:
Thom, 17-2, o/ /.
Thorndike,' 371.
Thorwald, 26, 27.
Thoyght, 377.
Thrasher, 5//.
Throat Distemper, 325.
Thunder. See Lightning.
Hbbets, 425 446.
Tides, remaitable, 150, 203, 260, 319,
336, 351, 395, 396, 407, 410, ^3, 454.
Tight rope, remarkable feats on, 461.
TiUotson, 327, 5«.
TUton, 190, 204, 577, 534.
Tingle, on.
Tispaquin, (Indian,) 264.
Titcomb, 352, 587.
Tobacco, 141, ^0, 250, STL
Tobin, 470.
Tokowampate, (Indian,) 264.
Tolman, 5/ /.
Tom, (Indian,) 40, 41.
Tom, Mount, origin of name, 124
Tomlins, 127, 128, 143, 146. 147, 157,
165, 171, 17-2, 177, 196, 203, 209, 214,
577,578,579,380.
Tontoquon, (Indian,) 39.

616

HISTORT OP LTNN.

Tooley, 577.
Tornados, 426, 431. See Tempests.
Storms. Winds.
Tour, 217.
Tower, 251, 577.
Towlin, 465.
Town Clerks. See Clerks.
Town Housd, 377, 424, 478, 591.
Town Meetings, 132, 196, 241, 278,
290, 296, 324, 360, 367, 368, 369, 371.
Town Records, 9.
Towne, 577, 581.
Townsend, 159, 173, 196, 218, 263, 268,
¦ 283, 310, 312, 339, 577, 580.
Tracy, 453, 455, 583.
Trade, Board of, 450.
Trask, 242, 465, 577.
Travel, modes of, and facUities for,
93, 99, 298, 3.33, 405,
Trawl-fishing, 450.
Treadwell, 333, 340, 346, 347, 582.
Treason, 142, 251.
Tree, (surname,) 577.
Trees, Frosted, 392, 445, 508.
Trees, miscellaneous notices of, 77, 79,
82, 147, 202, 408, 412, 438.
Trevett, 409, 577.
Troopers. See Military.
Trot, Horse, iu 1816, at Lynn, 379.
TrottingHorse killed by lightning, 453.
Trotting Park, Franklin, laid out 451.
True, 144, 583, 584.
Ti-umbuU, 190, 577,
Tucker, 318.
Tuckerraan, 388.
Tuckney, 268,
Tudor, 63, 389, 432, 474.
Tufts, 237, 466, 579.
Tupper, 169, 577.
Turner, 138, 139, 130, 133, 140 to 143,
146, 147, 165, 167, 177, 223, 577, 578,
579.
TurnpUie, 100, 365, 478.
Tm-tles, 423, 444, 461.
Tutt 466.
Tuttie, 122, 465, 580.
Twiss, 236.
Twist, 580.
Twombly, 583.
Tyler, 190, 192, 405, 411.
Tythingmen, 165. U,
Unitarian Society, first in Lynn, formed,
388. Succession of Ministers, 582.
Unitarian Society, Central, (Free Ch.,)
formed, 432. Succession of Minis
ters, 585.

Universalism, first preaching of, in
Lynn, 372.
Universalist Society, first in Lynn, 400.
Succession of Ministers, 584.
Universalist Society, second in Lynn,
402, Succession of Ministers, 584,
Universalist Society in Lynnfield, 587,
Universalist Society in Saugus, 460,
588.
Upton, 579, 587.
Usher, 425, 465, 577, 379, 581.
V.
Vaccination, 342.
Valuation of Estates in Lynn, at differ
ent periods, 428, 463, 586.
Vane, 167, 169, 198, 575.
Vasa, 22.
Vassall. 158.
Vaudreul, 117.
Veal, 244, 246, 247, 248, 577.
Vega, 28.
Vegetable-animal, (rose-fish,) 80.
Venus, (slave,) 344.
Viall, 403.
Vickai-y, 431.
Vicksburg, fall of, celebrated, 473.
Viles, 587.
Vincent, 577.
Vinton, 229, 577.
Visit of Kossuth, the Hungai-ian ExUe,
433.
Visits of Gen. Lafayette, 351, 388.
Visits of Presidents of theUnited States,
353, 380, 400, 417.
Voltaire, 560.
Volunteer Soldiers, 465, 467. See Mil
itary.
Voyages and Discoveries, early, 25.
W,
Waban, (Indian;) 264.
Wabaquin, (Indian,) 41.
Wabbacowet, (Indian,) 35.
Wade-j 214, 216, 577.
Wages. See Prices.
Wainwright, 317.
Wait 229, 256, 266, 334, 472, 577, 580,
589.
MN<*tt, 295, 587.
Walden, 581,
Waldo, 584.
Wides, 577.
Wales, Prince of, in Lynn, 462.
Walker, 130, 135, 138, 151, 171, 172,
190, 214, 217, 228, 242, 266, 275, 333,
577, 578, 579.
WalsaU, 577.

INDEX.

617

Walton, 171, 173, 194, 209, 577.
War Meetings in Lynn, 466, 470, 471,
474.
Ward, 219, 363, 403, 581, 584.
Wardwell, 577, 581.
Warmest weather ever known in Lynn,
477. See Hot Weather.
Warning offa Settler, 297.
Warremore, 577.
Wai-i-en, 583.
Wars, 34, 167, 262, 264, 288, 305 330,
331, 340, 372, 417.
Wascussue, (Indian,) 129.
Washburn, 372, 575.
Washington, 350, 353, 361.
Washington, President, visits Lynn,
353. His memory honored, 361.
Washington Square enclosed, 469. '
Wastall, 154.
Waterman, 546.
Waters, 584.
Wathin, 172, 577
Wattaquattinusk, (Indian,) 39.
Watts, 137, 452, 465, 577, 580.
Weather, extraordinary changes in the,
82, 417, 43a 443, 464.
Weather, warm. See Hot Weather.
Webb, 194, 213, 234, 235, 583.
Webbacowet, (Indian,) 35.
Webster, 163, 421,427^,435,466,549.
Weinberg, 470.
Weitzel, 473.
Welby, 172, 577
Weld, 205, 273.
Wellman, 190, 239, 251, 263, 335, 577.
Wellmore, 577.
WeUs, 172, 174, 190, 192, 193, 363, 577,
583.
WendeU, 417.
Wenepoykin, Winnepurkit (Indian,)
36, 38 to 43, 51, 146, 233, 242, 263,
264, 282,
Wentworth, 117, 465.
Wenuchus, (Indian,) 36, 38, 41, 59,
138.
West 172, 219, 577,
Westiand, 269, 270.
Whales, 330, 391, 456.
Whaling Corapany, 398.
WhaUey, 310, 460.
Wheat, (surname,) 577.
Wheat (grain,) 255.
Wheatley, 22.
Wheaton, 493.
Wheeler, 143, 234, 242, 577.
Wheelwright, 164, 169
Whipple, 211, 58L
Whip-poor-will, 82.
Z2*

Whitcomb, 89, 90, 587.
White, 130, 173, 389, 466, 577, 584, 589.
Whitefield, 336, 337, 332, 33a
Whiting, 145, 165, 169, 172, 313, 327,
229, 231, 235, 236, 238, 240, 241, 242,
253, 254, 256, 257, 260, 265, 266 to
276, 296, 314, 333, 492j 577, 582.
Whitman, 580.
WhUney, 291, 311, 312, 465, 584.
Whitridge, 172, 227, 577, 587.
Whittemore, 358, 577.
Whittier, 91.
Whittingham, 225.
Wiggin, 210. 243, 451.
Wigglesworth, 332, 356.
Wight, (slave,) 239, 344, 577,
Wilbur, 442, 588.
Wild Animals found in Lynn, 45,
Wild Fowl, 80.
Wildes, 584.
Wiley, 372, 425, 583, 587.
Wilkins, 133, 1130, 577.
Willey, 151, 577.
William, Duke, or Black WUl, (Indian,)
40, 131, 141, 144, 241, 242.
WUliams, 4a 117, 164,335,370,465,
577, 580, 58a
WUliamson, 359.
Willis, 85, 130, 146, 171, 214, 381, 382,
577, 578, 580, 584.
WiUiston, 362, 583.
WUlraan, 577.
Wills, curious, 121, 133, 188.
Wilson, 122, 146, 169, 216, 271, 466,
577,58a
Wilt, 577.
WindraUl Hill, 137, 165.
Winds, high, 266, 278, 378, 425, 426,
431, 4.37, 438, 441, 463, 477.
Wing, 162, 486, 577.
Winget, 330.
Winser, 577.
Winslow, 35, 169.
Winter, (surname,) 160, 577.
Wiiiters, remarkable, 357-, 298, 381.
Winthrop, 95, 100, 114, 124, 129, 133,
136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 146, 155, 160,
164, 168, 169, 183, 187, 193, 199, 200,
203, 205, 209, 213, 224, 311, 575.
Wire manufacture, 257, 372. *
Wit, singular encounters of, 330, 346.
Witchcraft and Witches, 186, 224, 238,
276, 293 to 296.
Witherdin, 226.
Witt, 190, 192, 256, 293, 299, 577.
Witter, 130, 131, 208, 219, 230, 231,
242, 577.
Wolfe, 396.

618

HISTOET OP LTNN.

Wolf's Cave, 66.
Wolves, 132, 136, 144, 147, 241, 286,
299, 311, 329.
Woraan, tributes to, 17, 405.
Wonohaquaham, (Indian,) 36, 137, 138,
146.
Wood, 45, 70, 77, 79, 113, 133, 136,
141, 143, 145, 165, 169, 171, 577, 578,
579
Woodbury, 339.
Woodend, origin of name, 113.
Woodey, 242, 297, 577.
Woodlands, 306.
Woodman, 577.
Woods, Fires in the, 434, 431, 443, 458,
477.
Wooing, 37, 163, 186, 222, 225, 280.
Worcester, 120, 277.
Work-house, 381, 423.

Worid's Fair, in 1852, 436.
Worrawood, 321 ,'577.
Wright, I3i, 135, 140, 143, 577, 584.
Writers, deceased, of Poetry and Prose,
natives of Lynn, 502, 505, 528, 533,
536, 540, 544, 567.
Writs, Clerks ofthe, 292, 580.
Wuttanoh, (Indian,) 39, 41.
Wyman, 163. Y.
Yarmouth settled in 1639, by Lynn
people, 182.
Yatt, 194.
Yawata, (Indian,) 36, 40, 59, 264.
York, 417.
Young, 466, 580, 583; Z.
Zodiacal Light, 257.

EASTERN RAIL ROAD STATION, LTNN.
Erected in 1848, Centi-al Square.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

J2^' ^"""'Y^'^i') t^o Northman, supposed to have visited Nahant
1602. Gosnold supposed to have anchored near Nahant
1614. Captain John Smith appears at Nahant.
1623. Nahant granted to Captain Robert Gorges.
1639. Settlement ofLynn commences.
1630. Thomas Newhall born ; being the first white person born in Lynn. Fifty
settlers, chiefly farmers, with many famUies, arrive.
1632. First Church formed. Rev. Stephen Bachiler, minister.
1633. A corn mill built on Strawberry brook; the first mUl in Lynn.
1634. Hon. John Humfrey an-ives and settles on his farm, near Nahant street
WUliam Wood, ofLynn, publishes his "New Englands Prospect."
1635. Philip Kertland, the first shoeraaker in Lynn, arrives.
1637. Narae ofthe settleraent changed frora Saugus to Lynn.
1638. First division of lands, among the inhabitants.
1639. Ferry established across Saugus river, fropi Needham's Landing to Bal
lard's. First bridge over Saugus river, at Boston street crossing, built
1643. Iron Works established on Saugus river; the first in Araerica.
1646. A market ordered to be held at Lynn every Tuesday, " their lecture day."
1658. Dungeon Rock supposed to have been rent by an earthquake, entomb
ing alive Thomas Veal, a pirate, with treasure.
1669. Boniface Burton, dies, aged 113 years.
1671. This year was remarkable for the severity of its Storms. There vras a
violent snow storm, 18 January, with much thunder and lightning.
1680. Dr. Philip Read complains of Mrs. Margaret Gifford, as a witch. The
great Newtonian comet appears, in November, exciting much alarm.
1682. Old Tunnel Meeting-house built
1688. The people much excited by Randolph's petition to Andros, for Nahant
1692. Great witchcraft exciteraent
1696. Severe winter ; tbe coldest since the settlement coraraenced.
1697. Much alarm in Lynn on account ofthe appearance ofthe small-pox.
1706. Second division of lands among the inhabitants. ¦*
1708. A fast held on account of the ravages of canker worms and caterpUlars.
1715. First Meeting-house in Lynnfield built
1716, Extraordinary darkness at noon-day, 21 Oct. ; dinner tables lighted.
1717. Memorable snow storms, Feb. 20 and 24 ; one stoiy houses buried.
1719. Northern Lights obsei-ved for the first tirae, 17 Dec; a startling display.
172.3. Terrific storra, 24 Feb., the sea raging and risiug to an alarraing height.
First mill on Saugus river, at Boston street crossing, built.
1726. £13.15 awarded to Nathaniel Potter, for Unen manufactured at Lynn.
1736. First Meeting-house in Saugus buUt
1745. Mr. Whitefield preaches on Lynn Common, creating much excitement.
1749. Great drought, hot summer, and immense multitudes of grasshoppers.
1750. John Adam Dagyr, an accompUshed shoeraaker arrives, and gives great
impetus to the business ; became noted, but died in the alms-house.
1755, Greatest earthquake ever known in New England, 18 November.
1770. Potato rot prevails. Canker worms commit great ravages.
1776. Twenty-six negro slaves owned in Lynn.
1780. Memorable dark day, 19 May ; houses lighted as at night
1793. Lynn Post-office established, and kept on Boston street, near Federal,
(619)

620 > HISTORT OP LTNN.
1795. Brig Peggy wrecked on Long Beach, Dec. 9, and eleven lives lost.
1800. Manufacture of morocco leather introduced. Elephant first shown here.
1803. Boston and Salem Turnpike opened and Lynn Hotel built Miles Shorey
and wife kiUed by lightning, at their dweUing, Boston street, 10 July.
1804. Independence first celebrated in Lynn. Snow fell in July.
1808. Fu-st law office in Lynn opened. Great bull fight at Half-way House.
Trapping of lobsters first practised at Swarapscot
1813. Moll Pitcher, the celebrated fortune-teller dies, 9 April, aged 75 years.
1814. Lynnfield incorporated as a separate town. First Town House in Lynn
built First bank estabUshed. Female Benevolent Society formed.
1815. Saugus incorporated as a separate town. Terrific southeasterly gale,
^ September, can-ying the ocean spray several miles inland.
1819. The great sea-serpent appears in our waters.
1825. First Lynn newspaper — the Weekly Mirror ^ issued, 3 September.
1827. A broad and brilliant night arch, 28 August
1828. A whale, sixty feet in length, cast ashore at Whale beach, 2 May.
1829. A splendid display of frosted trees, 10 January. Another in Dec, 1855.,
1833. Extraordinary shower of meteors, 13 Noveraber.
1838. Eastern Rail Road opened for travel, frora Boston for Salem, 28 August
1843. Schooner Thomas wrecked on Long beach, five raen perishing, 17 March.
1846. Rockaway House, Swampscot burned, 1 January.
1848. Carriage Road over harbor side of Long beach buUt Lynn Common
fenced. George Gray, the Lynn hermit dies.
1849. Lynn Police Court established. Large emigration to California.
^850. Lynn adopts the City form of government Pine Grove Cemetery con
secrated, 24 July. Thirteen persons, of a pic-nic party, drowned in
Lynnfield pond, 15 August "Ten hour systera" generaUy adopted.
1851. John J. Perdy murdered at his boarding house. Market street 28 June.
1853. Swarapscot incorporated as a separate town. Hiram Marble commences
the excavation of Dungeon Rock. Louis Kossuth, the Hungarian
exile visits Lynn, 6 May. Omnibus line coraraences in Lynn.
1853. Nahant incorporated as a separate town. Prize fight on Lynnfield road,
3 January. Gas first lighted in Lynn, 13 January. Cars coraraence
running over the Saugus Branch RaU Road, 1 February. Pati-ick
McGuire fatally stabbed, in Franklin street 26 September.
1856. Egg Rock light shown for the first tirae, 15 Septeraber.
1857. Bark Tedesco wrecked at Swarapscot, all on board perishing, 18 Januai-y.
1858. Telegraphic coraraunication between Lynn and other pl.-ices established.
A raagnificent comet Donati's, visible in the northwest, in the auturan.
1859. Roman Catholic church. Ash street, burned, 28 May. Brilliant display
of northern lights, 28 August ; the whole heavens covered. Union
street Methodist raeeting-house destroyed by fire, 20 November.
1860. Harbor so frozen, in January, that persons walked across, to Bass Point
Shoemakers' great strike coraraences in February. Prince of Wales
passes through town, 20 October. Horse Rail Road cars commence
running, 29 November. Market street first Ughted by gas, 7 Dec.
1861. Alonzo Lewis, the poet and historian, dies 21 Januai-y, aged 66 years,
A splejidid comet suddenly appears, 2 July, the tail of which had
actually swept the earth three days before, producing nothing beyond
a slight apparently auroral light in the atmosphere. The extensive
edifice known as Nahant Hotel, burned, 12 Septeraber.
1863. Lynn Free Public Library opened. Enthusiastic war meetings held.
Nathan Breed, jr., murdered in his store, on Summer street, 23 Dec.
1864. June 25, the therraometer rose to 104 degrees, in shady places, in Lynn,
indicating the warraest day here of which there is any record. Great
drought, and extensive fires in the woods, during the suramer. City
HaU, (old Town House, built in 1814,) burned 6 October, and Joseph
Bond, confined in the lock-up, buriied to death.

YALE UNIVERSITY

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