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 UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS 
 LIBRARY 
 
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 [»*X PBIMTEO IN U.S./ 
 
THE PILGRIM MONUMENT. PLYMOUTH, MASS 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY 
 
 A MEMORIAL OF THE STATE 
 
 HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 ISSUED KOK J HE 
 
 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION 
 
 AT CHICAGO 
 
 rREl'ARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF DANIEL P. TuoMEV 
 EDITED BV THOMAS C. QUINN 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 COLUMBIA PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 611 WASHINGTON STREET 
 
 1892 
 
COPYRIGHT. 
 
 COLUMBIA publishing; C(J.MrANV. 
 
 i8q2. 
 
 ALFRED MUDGE & SON, PRINTERS, 
 BOSTON. 
 
rv]6\^5acl]\i^ett5. 
 
 Dark was the shore that clouded on the sight 
 Of those grim mariners in the frail ship named 
 After the frailest blossoms of the May : 
 Rough was the welcome offered, that first night, 
 By rock-born waves that noisily proclaimed 
 Their joy of liberty in Plymouth's bay; 
 But ah ! how bright and soft and glorious rose the day ! 
 
 O Mother State, thy word was nobly kept, 
 Thy pledge of freedom to thy sons — and all! 
 Of modern lands thou wert the first to say : 
 " No man shall own another." Thus there leapt, 
 Ere thou wert loosed from England's heavy thrall, 
 Out of thine eyes the Future's guiding rav. 
 The star that cannot fall, that gems the brow of day. 
 
 While yet in leading-strings thou didst this deed 
 Immortal, — wiping slavery from thy code. 
 A few years later thou wert first to shake 
 All kings in their " divineness," and to lead 
 Thy sister States to Glory, by the road 
 Of Lexington to Boston, and to wake 
 The souls that will not rest till every chain shall break. 
 
 O Massachusetts, Mother fond and fair. 
 Not merely of thy glories are we proud. 
 
 In many a ijuiet home that hides from sight 
 Are purity of purpose and a rare, 
 Unselfish loveliness, whene'er a cloud 
 O'ershadows life — and thus we have the right 
 To say: "Where thou dost reign, reigns Duty with Delight." 
 
 Strong Mother, how we love thee ; how our pride 
 Heightens, with every year, beholding thee I 
 Thy glorious sons and daughters who have gone 
 Into the sunrise on the other side. 
 
 Have left, in passing o'er the mystic sea. 
 More light of inspiration than e'er shone 
 ( )n poet's dream before, — and their great work goes on ! 
 
 Yea, Queen of States, thy diadem of deeds 
 Forever onward throws its diamond rays. 
 'Gainst every wrong now posing as a right 
 Phillips still thunders and O'Reilly pleads 
 And the money-changers in a dark amaze 
 .Shrink from the coming Christ with just affright, 
 While Freedom standeth by with eyes of warmer light. 
 
 (5) 
 
 Henry Ausmn. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 /■j«a.s'-">v^ 
 
 HE aim of this work has l)een to make a book which in the best sense should be representative 
 
 of Massachusetts in the Anniversary Year, 1.S92, — a book great enough to comprise all the 
 
 (liversifietl interests of the Commonwealth, and broad enough to ignore no honorable factor 
 
 in its life. The storv of the State might be made a description of the surface conditions, 
 
 mechanical, commercial and political, now existing, with illustrations of brick and mortar; 
 
 but back of these conditions are the men who make them, — the brains and characters of 
 
 which they are but the contemporary monuments. Therefore, the publishers have chosen 
 
 to represent " Massachusetts of To-day " by the men of to-day, by those sons of the State, 
 
 by birth or adoption, who in their lives, their works, or their influence, must be considered 
 
 bv him who would examine and know the fabric of this Commonwealth. 
 
 It would have been impossible to achieve the result desired without friendly co-operation and generous 
 
 support on all sides, and the ])ublishers may say, with feelings of utmost pride and pleasure, that the 
 
 public-s]>irited men of this State, as one man, have joined hands patriotiially in this enterjHise, which 
 
 it is felt will redound to the good name of Massachusetts. It may lie said by critics, and said justly, that 
 
 not all of the men of Massachusetts meriting recognition are in this book. So ])rolific is the Commonwealth 
 
 in living men of real worth and commendable achievement that no book could contain adequate mention 
 
 of all, but in " Massachusetts of To-day " not only men but interests are considered, and there is no 
 
 interest of importance, we feel sure, which has not a representative in this volume, and there is no man in these 
 
 pages who is not, in the truest sense, representative of some one of those interests. To the States of the Union 
 
 and to the nations of Christendom, Massachusetts pledges this book as a token of her undiminished zeal and 
 
 ability in the furtherance of the arts of civilization and the happiness of the human race. 
 
 (7) 
 
Mrs- Alice Freeman 
 
 S Aiss-AhhaL«Dawe 
 
 •-^ Edward Burnett 
 
 E-C^ HOVEY 
 - Sec retary g^- 
 
 ^^ II im"' 
 
 r' 
 
 imamMMurKim i ' ' 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS BOARD OF WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS 
 
MASSACHUSETTS AT THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 
 
 T^Hl'^ progress which a community makes is perhaps evidenced in no better or more satisfactor)' manner than 
 * by a periodical comparison of its material prosperity as well as of the mental and moral improvement of its 
 people. The bringing together of such comparisons by all the nations of the world serves to indicate the advances 
 which have been made in civiH/.ation and the general progress which is making in the development of races. It 
 is this which forms the underlying principle of all international expositions. 
 
 It would, of course, be idle to deny that personal gain and a desire to open up new markets for articles of 
 merchandise, serve in a very large degree as stimulants to the individual exhibitor. This admission, while, 
 perhaps, a seeming contradiction of the preceding statement, is, in fact, but a confirmation of its very truth ; 
 for, mingled with the business aspect of what might be called the commercial side of these exhibits will be found 
 that pride of national or State prosperity which in very many cases is the sole inducement to the exhibitor to 
 expend his money and take upon himself additional burdens. 
 
 .'\gain, were it not either for this commercial desire to extend one's business or for local pride, there could 
 never be such gatherings of the product of men's brains and hands, and these great opportunities of studying the story 
 of the earth's progress would be lost to mankind. For it is on such occasions that the careful student is enabled, 
 through an intelligent comparison of each exposition with its predecessor, to clearly mark every milestone in the 
 advance which the world as a whole is making, and to acquaint himself with the development of any especial com- 
 munity or given industry. To a degree, this bringing together of the handiwork and brainwork of the nations of 
 the globe serves the same purposes as do the statistics of our censtis bureau, which, while enabling us to look back 
 and study the nature of our development, also serve to give us a new point of departure from which we must still 
 earnestly strive to advance. Hence, it is the bounden duty of each nation as well as of those many individual 
 parts which go to make up the whole, to aid in every jjossible way in making an international exjjosition a pro- 
 nounced success. 
 
 It cannot be gainsaid that an interest has been awakened in 'llie \\'orld's Columbian Exposition such as has 
 never before been ecjualled, or even approached. The grand result of such an interest will ijurcly be the bringing 
 together of a collection of exhibits which to the student must assuredly prove a storehouse of knowledge, and give 
 to him who conscientiously makes use of his opportunities the groundwork of a liberal education. Even with the 
 visitors, drawn thither onlt by idle curiosity, such results must make for good, for thev mav be confidently depended 
 upon to show the progress which is constantly going forward in everything which ennobles mankind and contributes 
 to the happiness and prosperity of the earth's inhabitants. 
 
 The title of this chapter is, indeed, as important as it could be made interesting. "Massachusetts at the 
 Exposition " is a subject fraught with difficulties and embarrassments. To tabulate a statement of the many 
 exhibits which have gone forward from her manufacturers and from her schools, from her scientists and from her 
 inventors, would be an easy task, but to put on paper that influence which, having its origin within the borders of 
 the State, has permeated every nook and corner of this nation, would be wellnigh impossible of accomplishment. 
 
 Evidences of that enterprise, of that integrity, and of that conservatism, qualities which seem to be almost indi- 
 genous to the soil of New England, are seen on every hand as one journeys through the country, and what perhaps 
 is as interesting a fact as any other, is that nowhere is full credit denied to the spirit of New England, — that spirit 
 which is generally and thankfully acknowledged as having had a very marked influence upon the nation's history. 
 
 " Massachusetts at the Exposition." So great is the subject, so impiortant and iirominent is the place which 
 
lO 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-PA V. 
 
 the State will surely occupy in the Hxposition, that it is indeed ditficnlt to determine where one should take up the 
 story of her participation in this greatest and most successful of all international expositions. It was during 
 the early summer of 1891 that the Massachusetts Legislature, for the first time, gave consideration to the subject of 
 the State's representation in the Exposition, intended to be commemorative of the landing of Columbus. True to 
 her traditions, the representatives of her people, with one voice, decided that such action must be taken as should 
 result in placing the Commonwealth before the world in a manner befitting her position in the great sisterhood of 
 States, and in keeping with her past history and acknowledged prominence. By the ])assage of a bill providing for 
 the appointment of a commission of five members, two of whom should be women, and bv an appropriation of 
 seventv-five thousand dollars for the purpose, as reads the bill, "of exhibiting the resources, products, and general 
 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS BUILDING AT THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 
 {,A/ter the old John Hancock House.) 
 
 development of the Commonwealth," Massachusetts gave her endorsement to the enterprise, and held out to her 
 sister State of Illinois that helping hand which has ever been as ready and as prompt as has been the res]ionse 
 from the Western State whenever an a|jpeal has been made to her from the East. 'I'he State approi>riation was by 
 the succeeding Legislature increased to a total of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. 
 
 Immediately upon their nomination by the Governor, followed by their confirmation by the Executive 
 Council, the Massachusetts Board of World's Fair Managers organized and at once prepared to carry out the duties of 
 their office. As they are jierhaps but little understood by the general public, it will no doubt be wiser that these 
 duties should at the outset be at least referred to, even at the risk of proving somewhat technical. If it were pos- 
 sible to divide them into classes, they might ])erhaps not unnaturally fall into three divisions. First, advisory ; 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 I r 
 
 THE FRANKLIN STATUE. 
 {Cily Hall Grounds, Bos'on.) 
 
 secondly, [iromotive ; and thirdly, executive. The advisory duties occupy, very ]iroperlv, the first place, because 
 the very word suggests a study of, and a familiarity with, the details of the subject in hand ; and it surely would 
 not be possible to assume the duties of the second class until one should have become sufficiently acquainted with 
 those of the " advisory " class as to enable him to answer the many inquiries of the intending exhibitor. Not 
 initil these were well in hand would it be time to attempt to " promote " the enter- 
 prise among those who, from want of opportunity, must, to a large degree, be help- 
 less and uninformed. Indeed, it was for the very purposes of promotion and 
 advice that the Board was appointed. 'J"he third class of duties, and in some 
 respects the most important, are those which are here styled " executive." By this 
 is meant all those duties having to do with the carrying to a successful conclusion 
 of the wishes of the Board's clients, the individual exhibitors. 
 
 During the first few months after the organization of the Board, its work 
 was somewhat hampered by a decision previously made that applications for 
 space should go direct to Chicago from the exhibitor. At the suggestion of the 
 Massachusetts Board, whose members felt that they were appointed to act as a 
 medium between the exhibitors and the Exposition officials, a meeting of repre- 
 sentatives of State Boards was called to convene in Chicago in the early days of 
 December, 1891. After considerable debate and largely by reason of an eloquent, 
 aggressive, yet dignified speech, made by the then chairman of the Massachusetts 
 State Board of Managers, it was determined that, to a very great degree. State 
 Boards should have jurisdiction over the exhibits going from their respective 
 States, and that they should, at regular intervals, be ])ut into possession of com]ilete 
 lists of all applications. In no otlier way would it have been possible for State 
 Boards to properly attend to their duties. 
 
 Soon after the organization of the Board, its executive committee, con- 
 sisting of its chairman and its sccrctarv, went to Chicago to make the acquaint- 
 ance of the officials of the two Boards having the 
 general supervision of the Exposition. It should be 
 here explained that these two Boards consist of the 
 National Commissioners appointed by the President 
 of the United States, and entitled " The *Vorld's 
 Columbian Commission," and the local Board, which, 
 representing the company chartered under the laws 
 of Illinois, is entitled, "The World's Columbian Expo- 
 sition." 
 
 The latter is the body which agreed to raise ten 
 millions of dollars with which to erect the buildings, 
 while the- former, which is sometimes styled the 
 National Commission, has for its duties the insistence 
 that the Exposition shall be carried out in strict accord- 
 ance with the terms of the contract, and in such a 
 manner as to reflect the greatest credit and the highest 
 degree of dignity upon the nation. The value to the 
 State of this first visit cannot well be overestimated, 
 for acquaintances were at that time formed which have 
 been of inestimable advantage to the Board, and of 
 very material assistance to its members in the prose- 
 cution of their work. The very many details incident 
 to the jjrosecution of the advisory and promoti\ e work done in the office of the State managers need not at this 
 tune be considered. If the results of their labors have proved satisfactory to the State, no one would find any 
 interest in the methods used to bring those results about. There is, however, one feature of the executive 
 branch of their duties which is deserving of notice, the more especially as it refers to work done by the Massa- 
 
 THE GARRISON STATUE. 
 {Commonweatth Avenue, Boiton.) 
 
12 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 % 
 
 r 
 
 
 OLD SCHOOLHOUSE. 
 (0« M^ Milldam, Boston.) 
 
 chusetts Board, the benefit from which has been by no means confined to any single Commonwealth ; work 
 whose influence has extended over the whole country, and even across the water. 
 
 No statement of the work accomplished by the Massachusetts Board of Managers would be complete which 
 did not take notice of that very important and successful effort for the erection of a separate building for the 
 
 department of liberal arts, a department in every exposition in 
 - which the Commonwealth is always expected to stand jireemi- 
 
 _^ nent. For some unexplained reason, those having charge of 
 
 the first planning of the exposition included under one roof the 
 three dejtartments of manufactures, liberal arts, and ethnology, 
 notwithstanding the fact that each of the other great buildings 
 was given over in the first instance to the exhibit of some 
 sjiecial industry. The chief of each of these departments has 
 known, from the start, the exact number of square feet available 
 for the exhibits under his charge. In the largest building, 
 however, where were to be installed the contributions in the 
 departments of manufactures, liberal arts, and ethnology, were 
 also to be placed all those other exhibits which would not 
 find natural lodgment within any of the separate buildings 
 assigned to special industries, the result being that they formed 
 what may well be termed an " olla podrida " of exhibits, the department of manufactures being a sort of dumping 
 ground for everything. This necessarily resulted in a great congestion of space in this building. 'J'here had 
 been set aside originally, for liberal arts and ethnology, areas of four hundred thousand square feet, and one 
 hundred and sixty thousand square feet, respectively ; areas by no means too large either for the importance 
 of the subjects or for the exhibits which would be collected. It very soon appearing that more space must 
 be found for manufactures, it was decided to reduce the allotment of floor area for liberal arts by one hunilred 
 thousand square feet. Those interested in liberal arts, under the lead of the Massachusetts State Board, 
 vigorously protested against any such action, taking occasion at that time to criticise that management which, when 
 arranging for an exposition, failed to dignify the dejiartment of liberal arts with a building of its own. The protest, 
 however, failed of success then, but the remonstrants rested confident in the assurance that no further reduction of 
 space would be permitted in this department. Very 
 much to their surprise and indignation, however, the 
 further demands for space from foreign countries were 
 granted by increased inroads upon the domains of lib- 
 eral arts. It was the good fortune of the Massachu- 
 setts commission to be represented in Chicago at that 
 time by two of its members. 
 
 A request for a hearing before the executive 
 committee being granted, the two members apiJfeared in 
 remonstrance demanding that liberal arts should be 
 given the maximum amount of floor area originally 
 allotted to that department, and that Prof. Putnam of 
 the department of ethnology should be given back the 
 one hundred thousand square feet of which he had 
 been robbed. Fortified as they were with letters and 
 telegrams from the manufacturing interests of sixteen 
 States as well as with expressions of protest from rej)- 
 resentative men in the field of liberal arts, the aij]jeal 
 of the Massachusetts Board clearly indicated that this 
 was by no means a local issue, but an earnest expression of the sentiments of the people. The result of it all 
 was that the Council of Administration decided to erect a special educational building at a cost of ;>i 20,000. 
 The importance of this victory is enhanced when one considers that in the history of all expositions, that of 1893 
 will be the first which will have raised education, that centre around which the wheel of all true jirogress must 
 revolve, to the dignity of a se])arate building. 
 
 MODERN SCHOOLHOUSE. 
 i.Ro.xl'ury Htgh Sihoot.) 
 
A/ASSACl/USETTS OF TO-DAY. 13 
 
 In importance, liberal arts will have for the first time been placed side by side with fine arts, and received 
 far too tardy recognition as a most important factor in the great scheme of civilization. The full significance of 
 the words " liberal arts " is not appreciated by everybody. To realize exactly what would necessarily follow had 
 this great and important department been permitted to continue to give place to the material interests of the world, 
 one must know that there is included therein not only education /tv- jf, but also those very many subdepartments 
 having education for their basis and life-giving impulse. Among these are medicine and surgery, engineering and 
 constructive architecture, hygiene and sanitation, literature and journalism, banking and finance, music and the 
 ilrama. 
 
 Massachusetts is neither an agricultural nor yet a mining State. She has no great natural resources to ex- 
 hibit to the world. She is distinctively the home of manufacturing and of liberal arts, in each of which great depart- 
 ments she would be expected to exhibit to advantage to herself and to testify to the thrift and intelligence of her 
 people. With these facts in mind, the injury to the interests that will surely follow the cutting down of space in 
 these departments, must at once become apparent. Liberal arts include the great department of sociology 
 to whose problems Massachusetts and her intelligent, public-spirited citizens have been giving their best thought 
 and study. 
 
 Some of the best results from investigation into the imjiortant questions of hygiene and sanitation have 
 been the work of Massachusetts scientists. The work of our hospitals, of our prisons, of our reformatories, and of 
 our charities, is certainly worthy of every inch of room which can be creditably filled, so that the world may 
 see what is being done for the general care and amelioration of the masses. No true Massachusetts man 
 would wish to ignore or belittle the material resources of a country, inasmuch as his State furnishes, and will 
 surely continue to furnish, so much to any exhibit of the manufacturing interests. The great cotton and 
 woollen factories of the State may always be depended upon to furnish their full quota to the display of the products 
 of the many looms and spindles which are unceasingly singing their song of toil throughout the States of the Union. 
 In Chicago, in 1S93, the Bay State will furnish one quarter of the total number of exhibits of the manufactures of 
 cotton, and over one third of all the textile fabrics having wool for their principal staple. In the department of 
 machinery, that great department in which the inventive genius of a people has its full measure of opportunity, 
 Massachusetts will now, as always, hold a conspicuous place. 
 
 The very many labor-saving devices, having for their object the procuring of the greatest amount of product 
 at the least possible cost, must stand to a great degree as a measure of the progress which a people is making in 
 mechanical skill and in intelligent investigation. " Necessity is," as goes the saying, " the mother of invention." 
 The truth of this maxim Massachusetts will be able to attest to in the variety and perfection of the machinery 
 exhibited by the proprietors of her many factories. 
 
 To repeat, Massachusetts is not in any sense either an agricultural or yet a mining State. Nevertheless, in 
 each of the buildings devoted to exhibits of these natural resources of the country, the Bay State will be fitly repre- 
 sented. There is located in .\mherst an experiment station, which is on the grounds belonging to the State Agri- 
 cultural College. This has for its mission the treatment, scientifically, of trees, plants, roots, and soils, so as to 
 ascertain what is needed to make the former more healthy and the latter more productive. 
 
 The contribution of the State to the department of agriculture will, in part, at least, be given over to an 
 exhibit of the work done in this experiment station, and of the good results attained by the use of the scientific 
 formulaj worked out bv its professors. In the Mines and Mining Building an exhibit of the mineralogy and petrog- 
 rai>hy of the State will be brought together, which will surely be as handsome and as complete as it must prove to 
 be interesting. It is confidently hoped that not less than one thousand specimens will be ijrocured, the desire of 
 the board being to install as complete and as accurate a collection as possible of what the State affords in these two 
 departments. The State managers have the very commendable ambition that this, the first complete collection 
 ever made, may be preserved and given an abiding place within the State House, where it may remain as a scientific 
 collection belonging to the State. 
 
 When it became necessary to decide on some design for a State building, the Massachusetts Board of Man- 
 agers, in sending invitations to the various architects, suggested that some one of the many historic buildings within 
 the State might well serve as a model to represent the old Bay State in Chicago. The spirit of the old John Han- 
 cock house is seen and felt when one looks upon the building finally decided upon. It breathes of the Revolution, 
 and its very walls seem to echo back the patriotic words of those loyal men who, a century since, held within their 
 grasp the destiny and fortune of the good old State. As one looks upon it, or as one walks through its many 
 
14 
 
 MA SS.I CHUSE T TS OF TO- DA ) '. 
 
 rooms, he will not find it necessary to ask, "What State erected this building?" It will surely be a source of ])ride 
 and pleasure to every son and daughter of New England who, during the summer of 1893, will journey from the 
 furthermost corners of the country to visit the World's Columbian F^xjiosition. 
 
 Nor will they be obliged to hang their heads in shame at the position which the State will occupy in every 
 department, be it in liberal arts or in horticulture, in fine arts or in machinery, in agriculture or in manufactures. 
 The Commonwealth, in all of these, will continue, as in the iiast, to do full credit to herself, and to the intelli- 
 gence, taste, and business abilities of her people. 
 
 K recent writer, in describing the Exposition, has justly said that the finest exhibit in Chicago, in 1S9,:;, will 
 be the city itself, with its wonderful growth and its suddenly acquired commercial importance. So it will be with the 
 Bay State. Her exhibits will be worthy of her good name, and will surely meet the expectations of her citizens ; 
 but the best contribution which she can make to an international exposition is such as cannot lie made in glass 
 cases, or upon raised platforms, or in ornamental booths. Her most valuable contribution will be in those many 
 men and women who, inspired with the New England spirit, have migrated thence, and, by their industry and 
 determination, bv their high jirinciples, and by their perseverance, have made possible the building of those mag- 
 nificent cities of the West which are the wonder of the generation and a testimonv to American character. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 
 
 HARLOW N. HKUllNSON 
 
 H. (). EDMONDS 
 
 .\. F. SEEBICRC.ER . 
 
 President. 
 Secre'iary. 
 Treasurer. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS MEMBERS OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN COMMISSION. 
 
 {Appoinird hy tlic J'rcsiiiciit oj the L 'iiiU;/ S/a/rs. ) 
 AC(;USTUi5 G. liCLl.OCK . . Commisskinkr af I.akce. 
 
 FRAN(TS W. I'.REED. THOMAS E. I'ROCIOR. 
 
 (Altn-iiatf.) {Altniialr.) 
 
 (lICORtiK r. l.ADl). CHARLES V.. ADAMS. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS MEMBERS BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS. 
 
 MRS. JONAS H. I''R1';NCIL 
 
 (Alternate.) 
 MLSS AL\RV crease SEARS. 
 
 MRS. RCECS S. FROSI 
 
 (/ dcaiit.) 
 
 Director General 
 
 GEORGE R. DAVIS. 
 
j,iuc<im9iBYJ'M''"^f-& C:'^-C;/iijyo. • 
 
 THE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 
 
 CS) 
 
MASSACHUSETTS — 1 620 - 1 892. 
 
 OLD SOUTH CHURCH. 
 
 THK ]iessimist, nowadays, is fond of saying that the glory of Massachusetts is waning: that her |jristine intel- 
 lectual ascendancy has gone, ne\er to return ; that her leadership in the councils of the nation is one of 
 tradition, not of reality. He cites as proof of this fancied decadence that the patriotic man of Massa- 
 chusetts can no longer point to such orators as Webster, and Everett, and Choate, 
 and Phillips ; to such wise and great statesmen as the Adamses, Gushing, Sumner, 
 and Wilson ; to such brilliant literary names as Emerson, Hawthorne, Thoreau, 
 Motley, Prescott, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier ; to such scientists as Agassiz ; 
 to such theologians as Channing, Parker, and Freeman Clarke. 
 
 While ignoring the fact that no community of 2,238,000 souls reasonably could 
 be expected to furnish all the brains and the intellectual inspiration for a nation 
 numbering 65,000,000, he also fails to take into account the most suggestive fact 
 that these men lived and achieved their fame in a period when the national 
 character was unformed, the body politic was in the chrysalis state, and intellectual 
 activity was nowhere thoroughly awakened. In fact, it is (juestionable whether 
 either the orators, the literary men, or the theologians who have departed were as 
 much appreciated by their contemporaries as by the generations which have suc- 
 ceeded. Furthermore, the epochs in which most of them flourished were by their 
 very nature a stimulant to greatness : the orators were confronted by political issues 
 which a])pealed to individual patriotism and the national pride more earnestly than at 
 any time since the War of the Revolution ; there being no American literature worth 
 the name, the literary men had a virgin field for their pro- 
 ductions ; science was an even more untried field for the ,__,^_______.„„,„_, 
 
 truth-seeker; while the theologians, unlike their brethren 
 of to-day, were not handicapped by the modern conflict between orthodoxv and heter- 
 odoxy. Not that the writer would in the slightest degree disparage the greatness which 
 these men achieved and deserved, but that he would prefer to see a less harsh judg- 
 ment of latter-day men and affairs. 
 
 Be it remembered that times and conditions have changed, and still are chang- 
 ing. Fifty years ago, there was a dearth of men whom nowadays we should designate 
 as of average ability. From our point of view, the masses were untutored and 
 unlearned ; the temper of the times was not distinguished by any especial intellectual 
 interest. The man of any eminence in a given calling at once rose to heights of 
 grandeur. He was one of ten thousand. The standard of intelligence, in Massachusetts 
 as elsewhere, was far beneath that of to-day ; it was essentially an age of mediocrity, as 
 we look back upon it. 
 
 The Massachusetts man of the present, and the Massachusetts woman, too, are 
 far more intelligent, far better versed in all that pertains to a rounded and ripened 
 culture ; their judgments are formed not by the impassioned utterances of orators, but 
 by their own independent processes of thought, study, and reasoning. Mental training 
 is now compulsory among all classes ; libraries, news])a])ers, the school and the college, 
 the constant attrition of man with man and of woman with woman, in business, in social 
 intercourse, and in the hundred and one progressive movements which are a distinct 
 feature of the social body in Massachusetts, together with the broader and less provincial view of the theatre of 
 the world's activity made possible by the newspaper jiress and the telegra])h, all have contributed towarrl 
 im])roving the intellectual standard of the individual, toward de\eloping and rewardiug abilit)', and towaril 
 
 (16) 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH. 
 (.Boston.) 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 17 
 
 making keener the desire for knowledge. By means of this incomparable curriculum, the man and the woman 
 of ability have been brought to the front ; brains are no longer the possession of a few, but are the heritage 
 of the many. In the army of intellectual men and women in the Commonwealth to-day, are scientists and litera- 
 teurs, political economists and historians, jurists and financiers, preachers and philoso])hers, educators, engineers, 
 sociologists, archsologists, linguists, a brilliant galaxy of masterly minds 
 whose genius has added to the sum of the world's enlightenment anil 
 whose lustre shows no signs of diminishing. 
 
 If we will but look around us, the conclusion is inevitable that Massa- 
 chusetts has «('/ deteriorated ; on the contrary, she has but reached the full and 
 rounded development of a noble and beautiful womanhood, which lavishes 
 priceless gifts upon her offspring, nurtures their minds and bodies with the 
 accumulated experience of two centuries and a half, and instils their moral 
 and spiritual natures with the beneficent teachings of the fathers. It is true 
 that some of her farms have been depopulated, that her once splendid mar- 
 itime commerce has fallen away, and that an occasional literary man or artist 
 has forsaken Boston for the metropolis. But here the retrograde ceases ; the 
 other side of the picture is extremely bright, and will become even more so. 
 
 OLD STATE HOUSE. 
 {Boston.) 
 
 Coexistent with this development of the Massachusetts citizen, there 
 has been going on for upwards of thirty years a change in the physical 
 complexion of the social body. Unnoticed at first, and then gradually mak- 
 ing its numbers felt, there has come an immense immigration from European 
 countries, an influx of foreign blood whose proportions, in the census of 
 1890, as compared with those of the native population, are measured by the 
 ratio of 29.4 to 70.6. This might at first glance seem an extraordinarily large percentage of foreigners, were it not 
 that the historian Bancroft stated that in 1755 the colonies were inhabited by persons "one fifth of whom had for 
 
 their mother tongue some other language than the English." While in some 
 other States the character of immigrants who have arrived and are still arriv- 
 ing is such as very properly to alarm those who have the public interest 
 at heart, yet it is undeniable that in the foreign-born population of this Com- 
 monwealth there is nothing which either threatens the safety of its institutions 
 or impairs its proud title as the most progressive and the most enlightened mem- 
 ber of the sisterhood of States. The immigration to Massachusetts has been 
 of an exceptionally high order. The alarmist has not yet succeeded in showing 
 that this element of the population is not just as patriotic, as intensely American, 
 as earnest, and as jealous of the right observance of those principles which 
 underlie the government of the State and the nation, as^the descendants of 
 the Puritans themselves. Their very reverence of those principles, as manifested 
 frequently in the every-day life of the people, attests the God-given privileges 
 to the enjoyment of which they have been invited, and which they have in no 
 instance disgraced. It could not be otherwise in a Commonwealth whose pride 
 in itself and whose public spirit and lofty patriotism quickly impress themselves 
 upon all new-comers. No fitter exemplification is recorded of the attitude of the 
 foreigner in Massachusetts than the following from the pen of John Boyle O'Reilly, himself an immigrant, and a leader 
 of the most numerous part of the foreign-born population, and an American citizen, esteemed in all classes : — 
 
 " No treason we bring from Erin, nor bring we shame or guill ! 
 The sword we hold may be broken, but we have not dropped the hilt; 
 The wreath we bear to Columbia is twisted of thorns, not bays. 
 And the songs we sing are saddened liy thoughts of desolate days. 
 But the hearts we bring for Freedom are washed in the surge of tears; 
 And we claim our right by a People's fight outliving a thousand years I " 
 
 The original fountainhead of population in Massachusetts flowed in no defiled stream through more than a 
 century, and its passage accumulate<l so much strength and jjower for purity that, instead of being contaminated 
 
 MiJlilLlLaa 
 
 FANEUIL HALL. 
 {Boston.) 
 
1 8 
 
 MASSACffUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 by the alien waters which flowed into it, it clarified and purified and made sweeter those waters themselves. 
 In all the fortv-lour States, there exists no happier realization of the Republican idea than within the confines 
 of Massachusetts. 'I'here has been no great race friction, no class discrimination. The red hand of anarchy has 
 never risen to strike at the life of the people ; labor riots, which have disturbed other States, imperilling life and 
 property, are, in Massachusetts, unheard of. Here are the British-American and the Irish, the German and the 
 French-Canadian, the Portuguese and the Pole, the Swede and the Italian, almost all the types of the races of 
 Europe, and with them the descendants of the twenty thousand English families who settled in Massachusetts 
 mainly between 1630 and 1640, a happy and contented industrial and commercial family, whose common goal is 
 prosperity, and moral and physical improvement. Out of this common citizenship, there will come forth, in 
 another day and generation, a new race of Massachusetts men. Meanwhile, the liberalizing tendencies of expe- 
 rience will have obliterated whatever race prejudice that may exist, in a latent form, now. The evolution will 
 
 STATE HOUSE, BOSTON. 
 
 be easy and natural ; by the intermarriage of the races, which has already begun, the superior bone and sinew, 
 and the Spartan fortitude of the foreigner, and the cultured intellect and Athenian graces of the descendants of the 
 Puritans will be interchanged, — the result will be a more perfect, more ennobling, more symmetrical Jiianhood. 
 
 It is a magnificent tribute to the versatility of Massachusetts men, that while she has always led the nation 
 in hclks-kttirs, in scholarship, and in scientific research, her sons have ever been remarkable for their adaptability 
 in mechanical invention. Of the five great inventions which, more than any others, have contributed to the 
 development of commerce and the comforts of the people, it is significant that four were, if not in all respects the 
 original conceptions of Massachusetts men, first made practically useful in Massachusetts, and, except in one 
 instance, by Massachusetts men. Prof. S. F. B. Morse, a native of Charlestown, was the first to operate the telegraph 
 successfully at a public trial ; I'",li Whitney, a native of Westborough, gave to the world the cotton-gin ; Elias Howe, 
 who was born at Spencer, invented the sewing-machine; and from IJoston to Salem, in 1877, the first articulating 
 telephone was tested successfully by Prof. A. G. Bell, a Scotchman, while Prof. Amos E. Dolbear, of Tufts College, 
 at Medford, was a (lioneer in the earlv experiments. Another son of Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin, born at 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 19 
 
 EMANCIPATION STATUE. 
 {Boston.) 
 
 Boston, made valuable investigations into the nature of lightning. In the Massachusetts General Hospital, the 
 discovery of ether was first practically proved by William Thomas Green Morton, M. D. The first railroad in 
 America was operated at t^uincy, in 1826. Erastus B. Bigelow, born at \\'est Boylston, invented, in 1839, a carpet 
 loom, whose usefulness revolutionized the manufacture of carpets throughout the world. Many of what are now 
 immense manufacturing enterprises sprang from humble beginnings 
 on Massachusetts soil. Bricks were made at Salem the year fol- 
 lowing its settlement ; the first cotton mill was built at Beverly in 
 1787; the first mill in the world capable of producing a finished 
 cloth from the raw material was established at \Valtham. In 1790, 
 at Newburyport, Jacob Perkins set up a machine for cutting and 
 heading ten thousand nails in a day ; in 1815, the tack industry was 
 inaugurated at Bridgewater; Lynn began making shoes in 1635; 
 combs were made at West Newbury in 1759; cannon-balls were 
 made within ten miles of Boston as early as 1664, and the first 
 piece of casting made on American soil was " run in" at Lynn, in 
 1663 ; Boston and Charlestown had cordage works as early as 1631. 
 Thus was the impulse to manufacturing, which has now 
 become the dominant industry east of the Mississippi river, early 
 manifested in Massachusetts. Boston, as early as 1758, had a 
 " Society for P^ncouraging Industry," and in that year it is interesting 
 to note, as a sign of the times, that the Rev. Thomas Barnard, in 
 a sermon, strongly urged " an industrious prosecution of the arts 
 
 of civil life" as "very friendly to 
 virtue." With the ushering in of 
 
 the industrial era, it was not long before the factories had as employes the sons 
 anil the daughters of farmers, who doubtless founil factory life not only less 
 arduous, but a good deal more attractive in a social way. These early factory 
 operatives were most of them of the best American stock, a fact which unques- 
 tionably aided in perfecting what is now the finest and most humane factory 
 system in the country. The superiority of the Massachusetts factory employe' 
 in those days impressed Charles Dickens so vividly that he made mention of it 
 in his " American Notes." Describing what he witnessed among the women 
 operatives at Lowell, then as now the banner factory town in America, he says ; — 
 " I am now going to state three facts which will startle a large class of 
 readers on this side of the Atlantic, very much. Firstly, there is a joint stock 
 piano in a great many of the boarding-houses. Secondly, nearly all these young 
 ladies subscribe to circulating libraries. Thirdly, they hav€-got up among them 
 selves a periodical called the ' Lowell Offering,' a repository of original articles 
 written exclusively by females actively employed in the mills, which is duly 
 jjrinted, published, and sold, and whereof I brought away from Lowell four 
 hundred good solid pages, which I have read from beginning to end." 
 
 Several of the young women operatives who wrote for the " Offering " 
 subsequently made names for themselves in literature, while their unpretentious 
 little publication attracted attention on both sides of the Atlantic. 
 
 The factory system of the State is conducted on a basis which has served 
 as a model for other States. Massachusetts, always jealous of the moral and 
 physical condition of the ]jeople, years ago recognized that the onward march 
 of industry, with its thousands of manufacturing plants and its improved methods 
 of production by labor-saving machinery, while it might make the State wealthier and enhance the volume of busi- 
 ness, yet would be accompanied bv a corres])onding deterioration in the welfare of the employe. The tendency 
 of capital to sacrifice the wage-earner in order to make larger the percentage of profit was, therefore, met by legis- 
 lation which might, in a measure, relieve the weaker part of the work-a-day poi)ulation from the tyranny of industry. 
 
 BUNKER HILL MONUMENT. 
 {Boston.') 
 
20 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO~DAY. 
 
 To this end were enacted laws prescribing the hours of labor in factories for women and for minors under 
 eighteen at fifty-eight per week, and prohibiting the employment of children under thirteen during school hours 
 unless they have had thirty weeks' schooling the preceding year, and unless they can read and write. It was 
 also enacted that no minor over fourteen can be regularly employed unless he can read and write, and that 
 the employer of minors under sixteen must keep "an age and schooling" certificate respecting such minor. 
 Imprisonment for debt was virtually abolished, a lien law was provided, the necessary tools of an artisan were 
 exempted from attachment, and the trustee process was curtailed. Regulations for the [irotection of life and 
 health in factories were provided, and workingmen's co-operative associations and loan and building societies 
 were authorized, the last conferring upon the wage-earner an incentive for thrift, the wisdom of which is now a 
 matter of common knowledge. The legalization of one day in a year as Labor Day was another act of recognition 
 of the dignity of labor. With free text-books in the schools and evening schools for any and all who would join 
 
 them, and with free libraries and 
 and towns, opportunities for 
 are at the command of even the 
 of this wise appreciation of the 
 Massachusetts mechanic and 
 than his father before him, that 
 and, when they do occur, are 
 of Arbitration, and that the 
 tion, now numbering over four 
 chiefly foreign-born or of for- 
 sympathy with American insti- 
 
 One need not travel far 
 with what comforts the factory 
 self. In any one of a hundred 
 afforded of colonies of attractive 
 or in process of full ownership 
 chanics. It is a striking com- 
 Massachusetts library system — 
 sixty-nine free libraries, con- 
 dred and sixty-nine thousand 
 about one fifth of all the libra- 
 excellent c i t i z e n-makers are 
 earners and their children. 
 Mr. Dickens would marvel 
 did at the blue - stockings of 
 
 The statistics of manu- 
 chief source of the wealth of 
 
 .AbHINGTON ELM. 
 {^Cambridge') 
 
 reading-rooms in all the cities 
 mental and moral improvement 
 lowliest. It is in conse(|uence 
 needs of the masses that the 
 laborer is a better spiritual man 
 labor troubles are so infrequent, 
 cpiickly settled by a State Board 
 entire manufacturing popula- 
 hundred thousand persons, 
 eign extraction, is in complete 
 tutions and principles, 
 through the State to witness 
 employe has surrounded him- 
 factory towns the spectacle is 
 cottages, either owned outright 
 by sober and industrious nie- 
 mentary u])on the efificacy of the 
 the State has five hundred and 
 taining three million five hun- 
 and eighty-five volumes, or 
 ries in the country — that these 
 patronized chiefly by wage- 
 Here is a phenomenon whereat 
 probably even more than he 
 the Lowell factory, 
 facturing show that it is the 
 the State. The invested capital 
 
 approximates §600,000,000, with twenty-four thousand firms and corporations, and four hundred and twenty thousand 
 operatives. The wages paid aggregates J?i88,ooo,ooo ; the value of the product is estimated at $871,061,163. The 
 chief industries are boots and shoes, carpetings, clothing, cotton goods, leather, machines and machinery, metals and 
 metallic goods, woollen goods, and worsted goods. Other great industries are furniture, jewelry, paper, cars, rubber 
 goods, chocolate, cocoa, watches, straw goods, food preparations, cordage and twine, carriages and wagons, paper and 
 wooden boxes, tools, agricultural implements, liquors, musical instruments, wooden ware, silk and silk goods. The 
 average yearly wages paid in 1891, was $441.90; the highest annual wages paid was $685.76 ; the lowest, $287.22. 
 I'he chief centres of the boot and shoe industry are the cities of Lvnn, Haverhill, and Brockton, the number of estab- 
 lishments in each being as follows : Lynn, three hundred and twenty-three ; Haverhill, two hundred and twenty-six; 
 Brockton, seventy-three. Boston has one hundred and ninety-one clothing manufacturing establishments. In the 
 manufacture of textiles the leading cities are Fall River, Lowell, Lawrence, New Bedford, and Holyoke. In the pro- 
 duction of leather, Woburn, Peabody, Salem, and Lynn lead. Taunton, Worcester, and Fitchburg have extensive estab- 
 lishments devoted to the manufacture of machinery. Boston, Worcester, Taunton, and Attleboro' also lead in the 
 manufacture of metals and metallic goods. The chief ])a|)cr manufacturing centre is Holyoke, with nineteen mills. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS Of TO-DAY. 
 
 21 
 
 KING'S CHAPEL. 
 
 No trait of character in the man of Massachusetts stands forth so prominently as that alert and far-sighted 
 mental grasp, which enables him to take a quick and comprehensive view of the right conduct of large public 
 enterprises. So infallible has this characteristic shown itself to be, in instances without number, that the country 
 has learned to look to Massachusetts for leadership. This is true, not only of political and social reform, but also 
 in all matters pertaining to the government of its State institutions. 
 Of the latter it cannot be gainsaid that they are at least as well - 
 
 conducted and are as free from abuses as are those of any State 
 in the Union. 
 
 There are several features in the care and management of 
 the insane, the idiot, and the paupers, which emphasize anew the 
 progressive tendency of the public administration of the State. 
 Chief of these is the introduction of what is known as the Scotch 
 or "boarding-out" system of treating the insane. It is argued 
 that, in cases of mildly or curably insane persons, it is manifestly 
 unjust, not to say cruel, to place them in intimate contact with 
 persons who are violently and hopelessly insane. To avoid this, 
 the experiment has been tried of "boarding out" in private families 
 such patients as show reasonable hope of being restored to their 
 normal activities of mind and body. Of this class, upwards of one 
 hundred and fifty are boarded out, and the result of the experi- 
 ment is being carefully studied. The chief State asylums are those 
 at Danvers and at Worcester, both of which are magnificent structures. Other State asylums are at \\'estborough, 
 Taunton, and Northampton. The total number of the insane under State supervision on March 31, 1891, was 
 five thousand nine hundred and forty-four, of whom five thousand one hundred and ninety-eight were supported by 
 the State. The average cost per capita ranges from S3.03 to ^3.97 per week. The city and town almshouses of the 
 State number two hundred and fifteen. The number of occupants receiving full support on July i, 1891, was eight 
 thousand two hundred and thirty-nine ; partial support, fourteen thousand and ninety-four. The management of 
 the insane and the poor is in charge of the State Board of Lunacy and Charity, whose officials annually dispense 
 charity, in one form or another, to sixteen thousand persons. The officers and agents of the Indoor Poor Depart- 
 ment of the Board investigate the homes of juvenile offenders, visit the courts in the interest of juvenile law- 
 breakers, visit girls placed out in families from industrial and reform schools, and examine all immigrants who are 
 liable to become public charges. The Department of Out-door Poor has to do with unsettled ])aupers who are sick 
 
 or who need relief, with foundlings and destitute infants, etc. A 
 fact which is eloquent of that lofty humanity which actuates the 
 people of Massachusetts is, that over eighty ladies in different 
 parts of the Commonwealth have consented _to act as agents with- 
 out pay in the service of the State Board, in the visitation and over- 
 sight of girls, wards of the State who have been placed in families. 
 The State Prison is at Charlestown, and has about six hundred 
 criminals. At Concord is the Reformatory for Men, with seven 
 hundred inmates, and at Sherborn, another for women, with two 
 hundred and fifty inmates, both of which strive to reclaim the 
 offenders for the first time against the law. There are besides 
 county and city prisons and several other correctional institutions. 
 .\11 work bv the convict is now done for the benefit of the State, 
 contract labor having been abolished in 1S87. Statistics of the 
 courts show that the number of commitments for drunkenness 
 have increased over one hundred and fifty per cent since 1880, 
 while there has been a notable decrease in the number of commitments for more serious crimes. For instance, the 
 number of commitments for assault, burglary, forgery, homicide, larceny, etc., in 1858 was four thousand three 
 hundred and three; in 1880 it was three thousand two hundred and ninety, and in 1890 it was three thousand, 
 seven hundred and ninety-two, and this notwithstanding an enormous increase in the population. 
 
 JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S HOME. 
 
.-i/.iss.KV/c's/rrrs of to-day. 
 
 The influence of Massachusetts educational methods upon the country has been of immeasurable value. It 
 is everywhere acknowledged that here education has been reduced to a science which has been made as nearly per- 
 fect as possible by legislation, and by intelligent educators. The seed of what is now a national system of free 
 education was sown in Boston in an order adopted by the freemen of the town in 1635, as follows : "The 13"' of 
 y'' 2'' month, 1635 ; Likewise it was then gen''ally agreed upon that y' o' Philemon Pormont shall be entreated to 
 become schoolmaster for y'' teaching and nourtering of children w''' vs." The record of the General Court of 
 Massachusetts contains the ordinance of 1647, ^'^ follows : " Now that learning may not be buried in the graves 
 of our fathers, every township in this jurisdiction after the Lord hath increased them to fifty house-holders, shall 
 then forthwith appoint one man within their town to teach all such children as shall resort to him to write and read." 
 The evolution of the common-school system thus modestly founded is the State's proudest achievement. Under the 
 stimulus of public sentiment, iniited with the self-sacrificing zeal of such friends of education as Horace Mann, 
 the system has grown until in 1891 there were seven thousand two hundred and thirtv-nine public schools, with 
 nine thousand two hundred twenty-seven teachers, and two hundred and forty-four high schools, with twenty-six 
 thousand two hundred and ninety-four pupils. The number of scholars during the year ending May i, 1S91, was 
 three hundred and seventy-six thousand nine hundred and eighty-six. The fund for the support of the schools 
 
 was 58,554,545-57, or 
 between the ages of 
 There were two hun- 
 evening schools, in 
 towns, attentled by 
 four hundred and fifty- 
 sexes. The private 
 hundred and seventy- 
 ance of forty-two thou- 
 forty-seven. The nor- 
 fitting young women 
 tablished in 1840, and 
 stitutions located at 
 ham, Salem, AN'estfield, 
 is a normal art school 
 1873. Among the sa- 
 Massachusetts scheme 
 use of free text-books, 
 
 ■ww^-^a* '-^T y lilillilli: ' 
 
 PLYMOUTH ROCK. 
 
 S22.72 for each child 
 five and fifteen years, 
 dred and sixty -six 
 fifty - five cities and 
 twenty-eight thousand 
 three pujiils of both 
 schools number three 
 eight, with an attend- 
 sand five hundred and 
 nial SI hool system for 
 to be teachers was es- 
 now nimibers five in- 
 1 Sridge water, Framing- 
 and Worcester. There 
 at lioston, founded in 
 licnt features in the 
 of education are the 
 instruction in the ele- 
 
 mentarv use of hand-tools, and in the effect upon the human svstem of alcoholic drinks, stiui\ilants, and 
 narcotics, the establishment of schools for training young men or boys in nautical duties, and the transpoitation 
 of children from their homes to the school-houses when at a distance, for which in 1890-91 the sum of $30,648.68 
 was expended by one hundred and fortv-five towns. The introchu tion of the manual training idea as part of 
 the school curriculum, which was the conception of Prof. John 1). Runkle, President of the Massachusetts School of 
 Technology, in 1877, marked an epoch in the .\merican educational system. The desire for this excellent form of 
 instruction, which is chiefly toward joinery and plain sewing, cannot fail to have a salutary effect upon the industry 
 of the State. Among the special schools in the State are those for the instruction of the deaf, the blind, the 
 feeble-minded, and wayward youths, all of which are maintained at the State's expense, and are doing a noble work. 
 Of the academies and colleges of the State it is unnecessary to speak at any length. Suffice it to say that 
 most of them have a national reputation for excellence, and attract students from all parts of the country, and some 
 from foreign countries. In the city of Boston and vicinity alone are upwards of six thousand young men and women 
 undergoing the higher instruction, most of whom are non-residents. 
 
 The passengers who diseniljarked from the " Mayflower" at Plymouth in 1620 numbered fifty-six, of whom 
 fifteen were servants. .'\t the census of 1890 the Commonwealth of Massachusetts contained 2,238,943 persons; 
 in 1885, the ]30)julation was 1,942,141. The increase from 1885 to 1890 exceeded that for the previous five 
 years. The gain in the last five years in municipalities within a radius of eight miles from the State House 
 may be indicated by the fact that in the cases of Boston, Cambridge, Chelsea, Maiden, and Somerville, there 
 
^f.\SSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 23 
 
 has been an increase respectively of 58,084, 10,370, 2,200, 6,624, and 10,181. Of the entire population more 
 than 680,000 persons, or about thirty per cent, resided in the suburbs or the city of Boston. The cities and 
 towns within a radius of twelve miles of the State House contained 872,482 persons or nearly thirty-nine per 
 cent of the entire population. One hundred cities and towns, excluding Boston, in the Commonwealth, which 
 lead in manufactures contained in i8go more than sixty per cent 
 of the population. The same towns and cities in 1880 contained 
 more than fifty-six per cent, and in 1885 more than fifty-nine per 
 cent of the entire population. The ten chief cities in 1890 were : 
 Boston, 448,477; Worcester, 84,655; Lowell, 77,696; Fall River, 
 74,398; Cambridge, 70,028; Lynn, 55,727; Lawrence, 44,654; 
 Springfield, 44,179; New Bedford, 40,733; Somerville, 40,152. 
 The greatest gain since 1885 was in Somerville, 33.97 per cent. 
 There are 479,790 families, averaging 4.67 persons to each. The 
 density of the ])opulation per square mile exceeds that of any 
 State except Rhode Island. There are more women than men, 
 a fact which is due to the emigration to the West, to the death 
 of soldiers in the war, and to loss of life at sea. One fourth of 
 the working population is engaged in the textile industries. Two 
 thirds of the men and one fifth of the women are in remunera- 
 tive emiiloyments. hi 1885, the date of latest State census, the 
 
 '-'■'' ' WHITTIER'S BIRTHPLACE. 
 
 boot and shoe industry employed 64,858 ]>ersons ; cotton goods, (Haveyinii.) 
 
 60,132; building trades, 27,873; metals and metal working, 24,233; clothing, 18,325; machinery, 14,644. 
 
 There were, in 18S5, 324,828 occupied and unoccupied houses in the State, of which 297,958 were of wood. 
 
 The promotion of agriculture was an aim of the rulers of the Commonwealth in its early history, and numer- 
 ous societies having that end in view were organized. To-dav, Massachusetts is the least agricultural State of the 
 LInion, but nine per cent of the population being farmers. This result is due unquestionably to the development of 
 manufacturing enterprises. The food sui)i)ly of the State, which is naturally large by reason of the density of the 
 population, comes mostly from the outside, and cultivation has been abandoned upon some unproductive and remote 
 farming land. There are about 45,000 farms, emploving 80,000 persons ; 41,000 farms are owned by their occujiants. 
 The farm \aluation is S2T 6,000,000, the total acreage being 3,898,429. The farm ]>roducts aggregate $48,000,000, 
 of whi( h 813,000,000 represents dairv articles, $11,000,000 hay, straw, and fodder, and $5,000,000 vegetables. 
 
 By act of the General Court, the Bureau of Labor Statistics 
 was empowered to investigate the subject of abandoned farms, 
 and the causes thereof. The results of that investigation showed 
 that " abandoned farm land in iNLa^sachusetts is principally confined 
 to the western counties. Such land aggregates 3.45 per cent of 
 the total farm acreage of the State, outside the limits of cities, and 
 about 0.87 per cent of the value of such farm land. In Nantucket 
 and Suffolk counties no abandoned farm land is returned. The per- 
 centage of acreage of abandoned farm land of total acreage for 
 the counties returning abandoned farm land, is highest in Hamp- 
 shire County, reaching therein 6.85 per cent. It is lowest in Essex 
 County, being therein only 0.06 per cent. While some of the towns 
 containing abandoned farms show a recent decline in the value of 
 agricultural products and property, this is not universally true and 
 the decline in certain localities is overbalanced by increase in 
 others in the same county, so that, notwithstanding the existence 
 of abandoned farms, each county except Nantucket shows an increase since 1875 in the value of agricultural 
 products, and every county shows an increase in the value of agricultural property. In some counties, also, an 
 increase in the acreage of land under cultivation appears. Except in Barnstable and Dukes counties, the towns 
 reporting abandoned farms show an aggregate increase in population." 
 
 I HE HOME OF LONGFELLOW. 
 iCambridge.) 
 
24 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 The abandonment of farms, in certain localities, is not necessarily an evidence of the decline of agriculture, 
 nor is it confined to New England ; on the contrary, it is going on even in the West. It is one of the features of 
 the civilization in which we live. Town life offers far superior attractions ; schools, libraries, water-works, electric 
 lights, sanitation, not to mention those social advantages which inevitably accompany the settlement of people in 
 communities, are influences which constantly operate against the growth of the farming population. It is not 
 within the province of this article to question the wisdom of this movement city-ward. Time and changed condi- 
 tions may bring about a different result. The important fact in the present connection is, that enough farms have 
 been abandoned in Massachusetts to justify the State government in seeking the cause; the remedy may be 
 found and tried later. 
 
 In this rough sketch of Massachusetts as it is, attention has been given only to those of its features 
 which most prominently suggest themselves. It were possible to disclose many excellent features of its State and 
 municipal governments, by way of showing that here the citizen enjoys the liberties of the Republic in their high- 
 est realization ; to describe the operation of an admirable system of railroads, which minimizes the danger of 
 travelling and furnishes quick transportation at low rates ; to enlarge upon the influence for good of its churches 
 and their charities and notable humanitarian progress ; to point out the stability and far-reaching power of its finan- 
 cial institutions, and their association with the material development of the West, a result made possible by the 
 native thrift and prosperity of the people. 
 
 Enough has been written of the essential characteristics of Massachusetts to contradict the assertion that 
 she has lost her prestige. She still enjoys the enviable, world-wide distinction of being the birthplace of political 
 and social progress, the highest culture, and the loftiest patriotic spirit. 
 
 Note. The list of the passengers uf the Maytlciwer shown upon the tablet of the Pilgrim Monument at Plymouth, Mass., as 
 reproduced in the frontispiece of this book, does not comprise the entire number. The complete list as given by the best authority is as 
 follows : — ■ 
 
 Mr. John Carver (7); William Bradford (2); Mr. Edward Winslow (4); Mr. William Brewster (6); Mr. Isaac AUerton (6); 
 Capt. Miles Standish (2); John Alden (i); Mr. Samuel Fuller (2); Mr. Christopher Martin (4); Mr. William MuUins (5); Mr. 
 William White (5); Mr. Richard Warren (i); JohnHowland (i); Mr. Stephen Hopkins (6) ; Edward Tilly (4) ; John Tilly (3) ; Francis 
 Cooke (2); Thomas Rogers (2); Thomas Tinker (3); John Ridgdale (2); Edward Fuller (3'); John Turner (3); Francis Eaton (3); 
 James Chilton C3); John Crackston (2); John Billington (4); Moses Fletcher (l) ; John Goodman (i); Degory Priest (i); Thomas 
 Williams (i); Gilbert Winslow (I ) ; Edmond Margeson(l); Peter Brown (l); Richard Britteridge (l); George Soule(i); Richard 
 Clarke (l); Richard Gardiner (i) ; John Allerton (i); Thomas English (i) ; Edward Doty ( i ) ; Edward Leister (i). 
 
 John Howland was a servant in Carver's family, George Soule in the family of Edward Winslow, Edward Doty and Edward 
 Leister in that of Stephen Hopkins. William Butten died on the passage. To the number given above are to be added the names of 
 William Trevore and one Elv, seamen, who were hired for a year and returneil to Kiigland. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 25 
 
 G()\'ERNOR WILLIAM F:USTIS RUSSELL, the 
 " Little Giant" of Massachusetts, and the young- 
 est man who has ever been raised to the chief magis- 
 tracy of the State, is to-day the most conspicuous and 
 remarkable political figure in New England, and one 
 of the foremost personalities in the country. The in- 
 domitable pluck, persistency, and personal magnetism 
 that have three times won the governorship against 
 odds that were considered to be overwhelming, sin- 
 gle him out as one 
 of the most striking 
 
 and interesting char- 
 
 acters that the cen- 
 tury has produced, 
 winning the respect 
 and admiration of 
 the people of the 
 State, irrespective of 
 party. No more em- 
 phatic example of his 
 great popularity with 
 the people could be 
 given than that shown 
 by the result of the 
 last election, when he 
 was returned for the 
 third time to the gu- 
 bernatorial oiifice over 
 his Republican oppo- 
 nent in a presidential 
 year, and when the 
 State decided in fa- 
 vor of the Republi- 
 can electors by a vast 
 majority. Governor 
 Russell was born in 
 Cambridge, Mass., 
 Jan. 6, 1857 ; laid 
 the foundation of his 
 education in the pub- 
 lic schools of that city, and from them entering Harvard 
 College, graduating therefrom in 1877. He studied 
 law in the law school of Boston University, received 
 the first degree of Bachelor of Laws, suiiima cum laiidc, 
 from that university in 1879, entered the law office of 
 his father, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1880. 
 When but twenty-four years of age he was elected to 
 the Common Council of his native city ; was elected to 
 the Board of Aldermen the following year, and in 1883 
 
 WILLIAM EUSTIS RUSSELL. 
 
 was returned to the Aldermanic Board for a second term. 
 He was elected mayor of Cambridge in 1884, and was 
 re-elected the three succeeding years, twice without 
 opposition. The fame of his distinguished services, as 
 the executive head of his native city, was not confined 
 within local bounds, and marked him out for still higher 
 honor. In 1888 he was nominated as his party's candi- 
 date for governor, and made an excellent personal can- 
 vass of the State. Although failing of election, he led 
 
 the ticket. In 1889 
 he again led a bril- 
 
 liant but unsuccessful 
 
 campaign for the gov- 
 ernorship, and so in- 
 creased his vote of 
 the preceding year as 
 to promise success 
 when next he should 
 claim the suffrages of 
 the people. That 
 promise was re- 
 deemed in 1890, 
 when he was trium- 
 phantly elected gov- 
 ernor of Massachu- 
 setts. In the fall of 
 1891 he was elected 
 for a second term, 
 and at the last elec- 
 tion the people chose 
 him for the third 
 time as the governor 
 of their choice. His 
 administration has 
 -been distinguished as 
 one conducted on 
 sound business prin- 
 ciples, while he has 
 shown rare judgment 
 in grasping the poj)- 
 ular demands in the way of legislation and in the exercise 
 of his prerogative as guardian of the interests and honor 
 of the State. As an orator, he is one of the most brilliant 
 that has ever been elected to the governorship, while as a 
 debater upon the stump he has well won the soubriquet of 
 the " Little Giant." In 1885, he was married to Margaret 
 Manning, daughter of Joshua A. and Sarah (Hodges) 
 Swan, and is as fortunate in his domestic environment as 
 in the success that has distinguished his political career. 
 
26 
 
 .VASSAC//US£TTS OF TO-PAY. 
 
 /■yjtr^ 
 
 WILLIAM HENRY HAILR, the Republican can- 
 didate for governor of Massachusetts in 1892, 
 is a lawyer, a prominent business man, and a leader in 
 public life. Mr. Haile's father was the first Republican 
 governor of New Hampshire. William H. Haile was 
 born at Chesterfield, N. H., Sept. 23, 1833, the son of 
 William and Sabrana (^Valker) Haile. When he was 
 very young his father removed to Hinsdale, N. H., and 
 in that town his boyhood days were passed and his 
 earlier education ob- 
 tained. After gradu- 
 ating from the Hins- 
 dale public schools 
 he prepared for col- 
 lege at Kimball 
 LT n i o n Academy, 
 Meriden, N. H. Af- 
 ter a year and a half ' ■*'^' 
 at Amherst Mr. Haile 
 entered Dartmouth 
 College, from which 
 he was gradu a t e d 
 with high honor in 
 1856. Then he went 
 to Springfield, where 
 he studied law and 
 was admitted to the 
 l)ar. For a short 
 time he practised 
 law in Boston, after 
 which he returned to 
 Hinsdale, N. H., to 
 engage in the manu- 
 facture of woollen 
 goods. He became 
 a partner of his 
 father and Hon. 
 Rufus S. Frost, of 
 Chelsea, under the 
 firm name of Haile, 
 
 Frost & Co. The business was afterward transferred 
 to a corporation called the Haile & Frost Manufacturing 
 C^ompanv, of which \\'illiain II. Haile is now president. 
 Mr. Haile was married to .Amelia L., daughter of Kthan 
 S. and Louisa (Burns) Chapin, of S]jringfield, in Jan- 
 uarv, 1861. Mr. Haile resided in New Hampshire 
 until 1872, when he returned to Springfield. During 
 his residence in Hinsdale he was a memlier of the New 
 Hampshire Legislature three terms, having been elected 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 i 
 
 a member of the lower House by the people of Hinsdale 
 in 1865, 1866, and 1871. Nine years after his return 
 to Massachusetts (in 1881), he was elected mayor of 
 Springfield. In 1882 and 1883, Mr. Haile represented 
 the First Hampden Senatorial District in the Legislature, 
 serving as chairman of the Committee on Military .Affairs 
 and of the Committee on Mercantile .\ffairs, and being 
 also a member of the committees on banks and bank- 
 ing and on manufactures. Mr. Haile was nominated for 
 
 lieutenant-gove r n o r 
 in 1889 on the 
 ticket with John Q. 
 h. Brackett. The 
 ticket was elected, 
 but Mr. Brackett was 
 defeated by William 
 E. Russell. In 1890 
 Mr. Haile was re- 
 elected and was 
 again re-nominated 
 in 1 89 1, on the ticket 
 with Charles H. 
 Allen, of Lowell, 
 Mr. Allen being de- 
 feated and Mr. Haile 
 again re-elected. In 
 1892, Mr. Haile was 
 considered the 
 strongest man the 
 Reiiublican party 
 could n o in i n at e 
 against Cover nor 
 Russell, and it was 
 e.xpected by his 
 ])olitical adhere n t s 
 that his popularity 
 would carry him 
 through. Covernor 
 Russell, however, 
 was re-elected. In 
 Springfield, ballots were found on which, through inad- 
 vertence, an attempt had been made to vote for Haile 
 and A\'ol(ott Hamlin, instead of for Haile and Roger 
 Wolcott, the voters having apparently been misled by 
 the first name of the Prohibition candidate for governor. 
 These ballots were thrown out, and it was at first thought 
 by some of Mr. Haile's friends that mistakes enough of 
 that kind had been made throughout the State to cover 
 Covernor Russell's riluralitv. 
 
 WILLIAM HENRY HAILE 
 
Oeoroe f. Morse 
 
 IlLISHA yHORGAN 
 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNOR'S COUNCIL, 1892. 
 
THE GOVERNOR'S COUNCIL, 1892. 
 
 THE governor's council is an institution peculiar to 
 the New England States. Four only of them 
 have it, and in no other State in the Union does it 
 obtain. The governor's council of Massachusetts is 
 composed of eight members, chosen in districts annually 
 by the people, and jiresided over by the lieutenant-gov- 
 ernor of the Commonwealth. The law provides that 
 they shall rank next after the lieutenant-governor. In 
 case of the offices of governor and lieutenant-governor 
 becoming vacant, the council has full authority to do 
 and execute all acts and matters within the power of 
 those ofificials. It is the duty of the council to advise the 
 governor in the executive functions of the government, 
 and all aiipointments of the governor must be submitted 
 to the council for approval and confirmation. The 
 council of Massachusetts has ever been distinguished for 
 the able and honorable men that have composed it, and 
 the council of 1892 compares well with the best of 
 its predecessors. 
 
 Isaac Newton Keith is councillor from the first dis- 
 trict. This is his fourth year in this body. He is ])ro- 
 ])rietor of the Keith Manufacturing Company, manufac- 
 turers of railway cars. He started in business in 1867, 
 the present company having been incorporated in 1889. 
 Mr. Keith was born in West Sandwich, Barnstable 
 County, Nov. 14, 1838, and his education was obtained 
 in the public schools of that town. Subsequently he 
 learned telegraphy, and, after two years' service as an 
 operator, he became superintendent of the Amer- 
 ican Telegraph Company, having charge of the Cape 
 Cod and Ca])e Ann divisions, with headquarters in 
 Boston. For seven years he held this position. Mr. 
 Keith has always been a Republican. In 1875 and 
 1876 he was a member of the lower house of the Legis- 
 lature, and in 1887 and 1888 he was senator from the 
 Cape district. Mr. Keith was marrried Sept. 7, 1865, to 
 Miss Eliza Frances Smith, of Provincetown. They have 
 two children. 
 
 Edwin Vinald Mitchell, of the second district, is 
 serving his first term in the council. He is a member 
 of the firm of [Searle, Dailey & Co., straw goods manu- 
 
 facturers, of New York, the factory, which is one of the 
 largest and most important in the country, being located 
 at Medfield. Mr. Mitchell is resident and managing 
 partner. He was born in Sangerfield, Me., Oct. 2, 1850. 
 At the age of seventeen he went to work for his brother 
 in the straw business, and two years later was admitted 
 to partnership. After a period of twelve years as super- 
 intendent for D. D. Curtis & Co., of Medfield, he was 
 admitted to the firm, and upon the death of Mr. Curtis, 
 in 1885, the jjresent firm of Searle, Dailey & Co. was 
 formed. Mr. Mitchell served on the staff of Gov. 
 Brackett in 1890. In 1885 he married Miss Blanche 
 E., daughter of Mr. D. D. Curtis. 
 
 Ephraim Stearns, councillor from the third district, 
 was born in Waltham, March 8, 1839, and was educated 
 in the public schools. After graduating from the Waltham 
 High School, he entered upon a mercentile life in Bos- 
 ton. He entered an importing house, remaining 
 with the same firm nearly ten years, and becoming 
 thoroughly versed in all the details of the trade. 
 He then established himself in business in the firm of 
 Blake & Stearns, commission merchants and jobbers in 
 woollens, which house still continues as one of the sub- 
 stantial firms of Boston. In 1862 Mr. Stearns enlisted 
 in the Forty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers. He was 
 sergeant, and served honorably through the term of his 
 enlistment with his regiment in North Carolina. He 
 has taken an active part in public affairs in Waltham, 
 where he resides, and has been an ardent advocate of 
 Republican principles, serving as chairman of the Re- 
 publican Town Committee for several years. In 1884 
 he was a delegate to the Republican National Conven- 
 tion at Chicago. He was a member of the committee 
 appointed to draw the charter for the city of Waltham, 
 and was a member of the first Board of Aldermen. 
 He was appointed by Governor Robinson as a member 
 of his staff with the rank of colonel, and by Department 
 Commander Walker, of the Grand Army of the Reinib- 
 lic, as assistant quartermaster-general. He also served 
 for three years as president of the New England Com- 
 mercial Travellers' Association. In 1890 he was chosen 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OP TO-DAY. 
 
 29 
 
 councillor, and re-elected in 1891. He is one of the 
 trustees of the Waltham Savings Bank, and chairman of 
 the Park Commission of Waltham. 
 
 James Donovan represents the greater part of the 
 city of Boston in the council, his district being the 
 fourth. He is the only Democrat in the body, and also 
 the youngest member, having been born in 1859, in 
 Boston. He attended the public schools till he was 
 eleven years of age, when he graduated from the Rice 
 grammar school. When twenty-one years old he appeared 
 in public life as a candidate for the Common Council 
 in ward sixteen. He was elected, and returned to that 
 body for two successive terms, making a reputation for 
 loyalty to friends and constituents. He was next sent 
 to the House of Representatives from his ward and 
 served five years there. He was first elected to the 
 Senate in 1S88, served three years, and distinguished 
 himself by his advocacy of labor legislation. He was 
 elected to the council in 1891, and re-elected in 1892. 
 He is a real estate agent. 
 
 Moses How, the councillor from the fifth district, is 
 the senior member, and is now serving his second term 
 in the council. He was for years a successful shoe 
 manufacturer, but is now retired from active business 
 life. He was born in Methuen, Mass., June 19, 1819, 
 educated in the public schools, and when a young boy 
 removed to Haverhill, where he has since resided and 
 been identified with all that city's interests. His first 
 situation was in the office of a coal dealer, and to him 
 belongs the honor of bringing to Haverhill the first 
 cargo of coal ever brought from Philadelphia. He be- 
 came engaged in the shoe business and then in the 
 manufacture of shoe machinery, and was one of the 
 pioneers in the latter business. For sixteen years he 
 was president of the First National Bank of Haverhill. 
 Upon the incorporation of Haverhill as a city in 1870, 
 he was a member of the Common Council. In 1882 
 and 1883 he was mayor of the city. 
 
 -Alonzo H. Evans is councillor from the sixth district. 
 He is president of the Boston Five Cents Savings Bank, 
 one of the largest and soundest institutions in the city, 
 having open accounts with 128,000 persons and 
 deposits of nearly $20,000,000. Mr. Evans was born in 
 Allenstown, N. H., in 1820. When fifteen years old he 
 secured work in a Lowell mill, as a bobbin boy. A year 
 later he moved to Boston. In 1854 he was one of 
 
 the incorporators of the bank of which he is now presi- 
 dent, and was its first treasurer. Mr. Evans lives in 
 Everett. He was the prime mover in having the town 
 set off from Maiden in 187 1, and in 1892 was active in 
 having the town incorporated as a city. He was elected 
 in 1892 by the citizens as the first mayor of the new 
 city. He represented the town two years in the Legis- 
 lature, and in 1889 and 1890 was senator. In 1892 
 he was elected councillor by the Massachusetts Legisla- 
 ture. 
 
 George F. Morse represents the seventh district. 
 This is his first year in the council. He was born in 
 Leominster, Mass., Oct. 16, 1835, and in that town 
 obtained his education, graduating from the high school 
 in 1851. In 1857 he became one of the organizers of 
 the Morse Comb Company. In 187 1 the firm of G. F. 
 Morse & Co. was formed for the manufacture of combs, 
 and this business has continued till the present time. 
 Mr. Morse served two years in the Civil War. In 1863 
 he was proprietor of the City Hotel in Baltimore, and in 
 1876 he was proprietor and manager of the Creighton 
 House, in Boston. He has been president of the South 
 Spring Hill Gold Mining Company, of California, presi- 
 dent of the Hecla Powder Company, of New York, and 
 a director of the Leominster Gas Company and the 
 Wachusett National Bank, of Fitchburg. He was mar- 
 ried in 1859 to Miss Mary E. Tufts, of Fitchburg. 
 
 Elisha Morgan, of Springfield, is councillor from the 
 eighth district. This is his first public office, and he has 
 been re-elected for a second term. He was born in 
 Northfield, Mass., in 1833. As a boy he worked in the 
 country store of his father, and then, before he reached 
 his majority, he secured employment as accountant with 
 the Connecticut River Railroad Company. Subsequently 
 he was promoted to the positions of paymaster, freight 
 agent, and ticket agent, with headquarters in Springfield, 
 holding all three positions at one time. In 1865 he 
 began the manufacture of envelopes and mucilage, 
 employing about twenty hands. Now more than two 
 hundred are employed, and the business has grown to 
 one of the largest of its kind in the world. In 1872 the 
 company was incorporated as the Morgan Envelope 
 Company. Their annual output is nearly a hundred 
 million envelojjes. Mr. Morgan also has a half interest 
 in the envelope factory at Hartford, Conn., which 
 supplies the Lhiited .States government with envelopes. 
 
iO 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO~DAY. 
 
 A'rT()KNEY-GRNERAI,AT.RERT E. PILLSBURY, 
 the official leader of the legal practitioners of the 
 State at the present time, is a man of whom it may be 
 said with truth that he has won his way by force of 
 his own merits. Mr. Pillsbury is the son of Josiah W. 
 and Elizabeth D. Pillsbury, and was born at Milford, N. 
 H., Aug. 19, 1849. His father was a graduate of Dart- 
 mouth College, of the class of 1840, and intended to 
 follow a profession, but the state of his health required 
 the out-of-door life 
 of a farmer, and his 
 son's early years were 
 spent upon the farm. 
 Mr. Pillsbury began 
 his education in the 
 Milford schools, and 
 prepared for college 
 at Appleton Acad- 
 emy, at New Ipswich, 
 N. H., and Lawrence 
 Academy, at Groton, 
 Mass., entering Har- 
 vard in the class of 
 1871. He did not 
 finish his course at 
 Harvard ( from which 
 institution, however, 
 he received the hon- 
 orary degree of A. 
 M. in 1890), but went 
 to Sterling, 111., where 
 he taught school for 
 a year and studied 
 law with his uncle, 
 Hon. James Dins- 
 moor. He was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 
 Illinois, but returned 
 to New England, was 
 admitted in Massa- 
 chusetts, and opened an office in Boston, where he has 
 ever since been in practice. He entered public life as 
 a member of the lower House of the Legislature from 
 Ward 17, and served three years, from 1876 to 1878 
 inclusive. He was elected to the Senate from the Sixth 
 Suffolk District for the years 1884, 1885, and 1886. 
 As a member of the House in 1876, he was chairman 
 of the Committee on Elections and a member of the 
 Committee on Federal Relations, and in 1877 and 1878 
 
 ALBERT E. PILLSBURY 
 
 was a member of the judiciary and other committees. 
 W'hile in the Senate in 1884 he was chairman of the 
 Joint Committee on the Hoosac Tunnel Railroad, a 
 member of the Committee on the Judiciary, and chair- 
 man of various s])ecial committees. In 1885 and 1886 
 he was unanimously chosen president of the Senate. In 
 1887 he was offered the appointment of judge-advocate 
 general, and a year later, a seat upon the bench of the 
 Superior Court, both of which were declined, as well as 
 
 the position of cor- 
 porati on counsel 
 of the city of Bos- 
 ton, offered him in 
 1889. In the fall o 
 
 1890 he was nomi 
 nated for attorney 
 general by the Re- 
 publican State Con- 
 vent i o n, and was 
 elected at the ensu- 
 ing election, and in 
 
 1 89 1 and 1892 he 
 was re-elected. His 
 administration of this 
 office is described by 
 a leading journal as 
 " one of the most 
 successful, not to say 
 brilliant, in the his- 
 tory of the State," 
 and some of his offi- 
 cial work has at- 
 tracted wide atten- 
 tion, especially his 
 argument to the jury 
 in the trial of the 
 Tena Davis murder 
 case at Cambridge. 
 He was prominently 
 mentioned in con- 
 nection with the Republican nomination for governor 
 in 1892, but declined to be a candidate. In 1888 Mr. 
 Pillsbury was chosen president of the National Associa- 
 tion of the Pillsbury family at its first gathering at New- 
 bury]Jort, where the family in this country originated, 
 and where the house built by " Daniel Pilsbery," in 1699, 
 still stands. Mr. Pilsbury was married in Newbury, Vt., 
 July 9, 1889, to Louise F. (Johnson) Wheeler, daughter 
 of Edward C. and Delia M. (Smith) Johnson. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OT TO-DAY. 
 
 31 
 
 WILLIAM MILO OLIN, sixteenth secretary of 
 the Commonwealth since 1780, was born at 
 Warrenton, Ga., of New EngLmd parents, Sept. 18, 
 1845 ; but in 1850 his family removed to Massachusetts, 
 and the future Secretary of State obtained his education 
 in the public schools of the Bay State. He early en- 
 tered the office of the Worcester Transcript, starting at 
 the bottom of the ladder as the " devil " in that office, 
 and working his way to the case. 'Lhus he continued 
 until the breaking out 
 of the Rebellion, 
 when his young blood 
 became fired with the 
 patriotic enthusiasm 
 of the times, culmi- 
 nating in his enlist- 
 ment in the Thirty- 
 sixth Regiment of 
 Massachusetts \o\- 
 unteers, being at the 
 time one of the 
 youngest soldiers to 
 offer his services. He 
 followed the fortunes 
 of his regiment 
 throughout its term 
 of service, sharing 
 the various c a m- 
 paigns in which they 
 p a r t i c ipated. Re- 
 turning to civil life, 
 he devoted some time 
 to study and to his 
 further mental equip- 
 ment, and then joined 
 the reportorial staff 
 of the Boston Adver- 
 tiser, remaining with 
 that palter for four- 
 teen years, and ad- 
 vancing, during that period, from reporter to editor, 
 and then to the position of Washington correspondent. 
 In 1879 he was appointed private secretary and military 
 secretary to his Excellency, Governor Talbot, and was 
 re-appointed to those offices by Governor Long in 1880, 
 1881, and 1882. In May, 1882, he became private 
 secretary to Collector Worthington, when that gentle- 
 man was placed at the head of the Boston Custom 
 House. On Collector Worthington's retirement, in 
 
 WILLIAM MILO OLIN 
 
 December, 1885, Mr. ()\\\\ was appointed private secre- 
 tary to Senator Dawes, leaving the latter to become pri- 
 vate secretary to Collector Beard in March, 1890. It was 
 while filling the last-named position that he was elected 
 Secretary of State, in the fall of 1890, to which office he 
 was handsomely returned for a third term at the last 
 State election. He has always taken a deep interest in 
 the military affairs of the Commonwealth, and for seven 
 years filled the office of assistant adjutant-general of the 
 
 First Brigade, Mass- 
 achusetts Volunteer 
 Militia, under Gen- 
 eral Nat. Wales, and 
 rendered good ser- 
 vice in bringing the 
 citizen soldiery of the 
 State to the high mil- 
 itary standing it en- 
 joys at present. He 
 is also a devoted and 
 enthusiastic member 
 of the Grand Army of 
 the Republic, has 
 been commander of 
 his post, and was ad- 
 jutant-general of the 
 National Encamp- 
 ment under the ad- 
 ministration of Com- 
 mander-in-C h ie f 
 Merrill. He is now 
 the Massac h u s e 1 1 s 
 member of the Na- 
 tional Council of Ad- 
 ministration. So- 
 cially, Secretary Olin 
 Is a man of pleasing 
 and genial address, 
 and of warm, gener- 
 ous sympathies ; and 
 when he was first named for the secretaryship it was to 
 these qualities, as well as to his military service and his 
 high qualifications for the position, that his selection 
 was due. His conduct of the office has been on that 
 broad and comprehensive conception of its important 
 duties which has distinguished his two immediate pred- 
 ecessors, both of whom enjoyed the confidence of the 
 voters of the State to an extent that insured them long 
 terms of office. 
 
32 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 GEORGE AUGUSTUS MARDEN, treasurer and 
 receiver-general of Massachusetts, has been five 
 times elected to the position which he now holds. Mr. 
 Marden is one of the best-known public officials in 
 Massachusetts, for he has been connected with thirteen 
 Legislatures as clerk, speaker, or member, besides being 
 an orator whose services are always in demand, and one 
 who has been heard in all portions of the State, while 
 he is also well known as a writer. Mr. Marden was 
 born at Mount Ver- 
 non, N. H., Aug. 9, 
 1839, fitted for col- 
 lege at Appleton 
 Academy, in that 
 town, and graduated 
 at Dar t m o u t h, in 
 1 86 1, having earned 
 the means by his 
 own labor to pay his 
 way through college. 
 Early in the outbreak 
 of the Civil War he 
 enlisted in the Sec- 
 ond Regiment Ber- 
 dan's United States 
 Sharpshooters, soon 
 being transferred to 
 and receiving a com- 
 mission in the First 
 Regiment Berdan's 
 Sharpshooters, a n d 
 serving as quarter- 
 master, and also as 
 acting assistant adju- 
 tant-general of the 
 Third Brigade, Third 
 Division, Third Army 
 Corps. His term of 
 service was from 
 December, 1861, to 
 
 September, 1864, when he was mustered out because 
 of expiration of term of his regiment. On the comple- 
 tion of his services, he returned to Concord, N. H., and 
 entered upon the study of law, engaging also in journal- 
 istic work. The latter proved the most congenial field, 
 and in it he has since taken a constant part. His news- 
 l>aper duties have been performed at Concord, N. H., 
 on the Monitor of that city ; at Boston, on the Daily 
 Advertiser; at Charleston, West Va. ; and in Lowell, 
 
 GtOKGt AUGUSTUS MARDEN 
 
 Mass., with the Lowell Courier, of which latter he is 
 now editor and part proprietor. Nor has his pen 
 been confined to journalism alone, for he has compiled 
 and edited a history of each New Hampshire military 
 organization which took part in the Civil War, and has 
 written poems for the Alumni Association and Phi Beta 
 Kajjpa Society of Dartmouth College, and poems and 
 addresses for many other organizations. For 1873, he 
 was elected a member of the Massachusetts I-egislature, 
 
 and the next year 
 was chosen clerk of 
 that body, a posi- 
 tion which he re- 
 tained for nine years. 
 In 1883 and 1884 he 
 was again a member, 
 and was elected 
 speaker of the House 
 in each of those 
 years. In 1885 he 
 was a member of the 
 Senate. Mr. Mar- 
 den has a keen sense 
 of humor, and this 
 characteristic of his 
 gives an additional 
 interest to his ora- 
 torical efforts, and 
 no political speaker 
 is more sure of a 
 large and apprecia- 
 tive audience than 
 he, for his name is an 
 earnest of something 
 fresh, bright, and 
 amusing, while he is, 
 at the same time, a 
 most forcible and 
 eloquent speaker. 
 He counts as his 
 highest honor in this line an invitation to speak on 
 Forefathers' Day at the dinner of the New England 
 Society of New York, in 1890, and again in 1892. As 
 a journalist he takes high rank, while his jiopularity as 
 a public officer is not confined to any party, but is 
 emphasized by the cordial respect that is felt for him 
 throughout the State, irrespective of party. Mr. Mar- 
 den was married Dec. 10, 1867, to Mary P. Fiske, of 
 Nashua, N. H. They have two sons. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 33 
 
 GENERAL JOHN W. KIMBAl.L, State auditor of 
 Massachusetts, has been in the public service, 
 military and civil, since he was eighteen years of age. 
 He is a native of Fitchburg and was born Feb. 27, 
 1828. His education was obtained in the public schools 
 of the town, and on leaving school he learned the trade 
 of scythe-making in his father's shop. He followed this 
 vocation until the outbreak of the war, when he took 
 the Fitchburg Fusileers into the United States service, 
 he being captain of 
 the company at that 
 time. From May, 
 1858, to January, 
 i860, he was adju- 
 tant of the Ninth 
 Regiment, Massachu- 
 setts Volunteers, and 
 was then, for the sec- 
 ond time, elected cap- 
 tain of the Fusileers. 
 As lieutenant-colonel 
 of the Fifteenth Regi- 
 ment he commanded 
 that body in the 
 Army of the Poto- 
 mac in all the battles 
 of the Peninsular 
 campaign. Sec o n d 
 Bull Run, South 
 Mountain, Antietam, 
 and down to Fred- 
 ericksburg, when he 
 was ordered to Mas- 
 sachusetts to take 
 the colonelcy of the 
 Fifty-Third Regi- 
 ment. He CO m- 
 nianded that regi- 
 ment in the Depart- 
 ment of the Gulf, in 
 
 T863, and was in the siege of Port Hudson. In the 
 assault of June 14, he was dangerously woumled in 
 the thigh. General Kimball served nearly three years 
 in the army and was made brevet brigadier-general of 
 the United States Volunteers, " for gallant and distin- 
 guished services in the field during the war." .After 
 his return from the front he re-organized the Fitch- 
 burg Fusileers, in 1866, and again took command as 
 captain. He continued in the State Militia almost con- 
 
 tinuously until 1878, and was colonel of the Tenth 
 Regiment from 1876 to 1878. General Kimball has 
 served the public in a number of important offices 
 and has always had a reputation for the most faithful 
 and efficient service. One of the most responsible 
 positions he ever held was that of custodian of rolls, 
 dies and plates, etc., used in the printing of bonds, 
 treasury notes, national currency, and all the securi- 
 ties of the government, in the bureau of engraving 
 
 and printing at \\'ash- 
 ington. He had the 
 honor of being rec- 
 ommended for this 
 position, unknown 
 to himself, by Gen- 
 eral Charles Devens, 
 colonel of his first 
 regiment, whose im- 
 plicit confidence in 
 General Kimball was 
 such that he said in 
 his recommendation, 
 that he " not only 
 recommended his 
 appoint m e n t, b u t 
 would become ])er- 
 sonally responsib 1 e 
 for his honesty and 
 integrity." General 
 Kimball's public 
 career embraces a 
 period of nearly 
 forty years, during 
 which time he has 
 represented his na- 
 tive town and city 
 seven years in the 
 Legislature, and Jan. 
 
 JOHN W. KIMBALL. 
 
 I, 1893, entered 
 upon his second 
 term as auditor of the Commonwealth, a position in 
 which he has given entire satisfaction to all, irrespec- 
 tive of political affiliations. While in the Legislature 
 he served upon the military, finance, and railroad com- 
 mittees, being chairman of the Military Committee in 
 1872, and chairman of the Railroad Committee in 
 1890-91, two of the three years that he served on 
 that important committee. He was commander of the 
 Department of Massachusetts, G. \. R., during 1874. 
 
34 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IN the year i8iS four governors of Massachusetts were 
 born, two of whom — deorge Sewell Bout well and 
 Benjamin Franklin Butler — belong as much to the 
 nation as to the Commonwealth. Few citizens of Mas 
 sachusetts, in the whole course of her historv, have 
 occupied more responsible and influential positions in 
 ]Hiblic life than Mr. Boutwell ; and certainly there are 
 none now living of her honored sons who have brought 
 to the fulfilment of their official duties greater energy 
 of spirit, ]5urity of 
 character, or loyalty 
 to imposed trust than 
 has this widely known 
 and universally re- 
 spected representa- 
 tive of the old Bay 
 State. He was a 
 farmer's son, and was 
 born in Brookline, 
 being a lineal de- 
 scendant of James 
 Boutwell, who immi- 
 grate d from the 
 neighborhood of 
 London, ?^ n g 1 a n d, 
 and became a " free- 
 man " in Lynn, Mass., 
 in 1638. The early 
 years of Ex-Governor 
 Boutwell's life were 
 passed upon his fath- 
 er's farm in Lunen- 
 burg, Mass., and at 
 the age of thirteen 
 he was employed in 
 a country store at 
 Lunenburg. At 
 eighteen he began 
 the study of law, but 
 was not admitted to 
 
 the bar until he was thirty-four years of age. At nine- 
 teen he delivered his first public lecture before the 
 Groton Lyceum. In 1840 he supported Van Buren, 
 and the following year was elected to the Legislature. 
 From 1842 to 1850, mclusive, he served seven years 
 in that body. P"rom that time on official positions were 
 crowded upon his acceptance. Governor in 1851 and 
 1852 ; member of the State Board of Education for five 
 years from 1853; overseer of Harvard College from 
 
 GEORGE S. BOUTWELL. 
 
 1 85 1 to i860; a member of the American Academy of 
 Arts and Sciences in 1857 ; member of the Peace Con- 
 gress in 1 86 1 ; member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, 
 1 86 1 ; delegate to the Chicago conventions of i860 
 and 1880; organizer of the I)e])artment of Internal 
 Revenue, and serving as commissioner until 1863 ; 
 member of the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, Fortieth, 
 and Forty-first Congresses ; Secretary of the Treasury 
 under President Grant, and originator of the plan of 
 
 ref u n d i n g the n a- 
 tional debt, which 
 has been followed 
 by his successors ; 
 elected to the L^nited 
 States Senate in 
 1873; commissioner 
 to revise the Statutes 
 of the United States 
 in 1877 ; attorney to 
 defend the Federal 
 Government before 
 the Intern a t i onal 
 Commission created 
 to dispose of claims 
 of French citizens 
 against the United 
 States and of United 
 States citizens against 
 France, in 1880 — 
 that is work enough 
 for a score of ordinary 
 lives, but it does not 
 rep r e sent the whole 
 o f E x-G o v e r n o r 
 Boutwell's industry. 
 Among his many pub- 
 lications are a trea- 
 tise on the internal 
 revenue and excise 
 system of the I'nited 
 States, which is still an authority in the department ; a 
 volume entitled "The Lawyer, Statesman, and Soldier " ; 
 a volume on educational topics and institutions : a volume 
 of speeches and essays on the Reliellion, and a volume 
 entitled " Why I am a Republican." Ex-Governor Bout- 
 well is still engaged in the practice ol law in Boston. 
 His home is in Groton. He was married in 1841 to 
 Sarah Adelia, daughter of Nathan Thayer, of Hollis, 
 N. H., and has two children. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 35 
 
 THE oldest, and one of the most distinguished, of 
 the living ex-governors of the Commonwealth is 
 Nathaniel Prentiss Banks, who was born in \\'altham, 
 Jan. 30, 1816, the son of Nathaniel Prentiss and Re- 
 becca (Greenwood) Banks, .\fter receiving the rudi- 
 ments of a common school training, he went to work, 
 when about ten years of age, as bobbin boy in a cotton 
 factory of which his father was superintendent. In this 
 factory the first cotton cloth was made that was manu- 
 factured in the United 
 States. He subse- 
 quently learned the 
 machinist's trade, de- 
 voting, however, all 
 his leisure hours to 
 reading and study, 
 and early developing 
 an aptitude for pub- 
 lic speaking. He be- 
 came editor of a local 
 paper, and was con- 
 cerned in newspaper 
 ventures in \\'altham 
 and Lortell. Having 
 studied law in the 
 office of Robert Ran- 
 toul, Jr., he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, 
 but he never prac- 
 tised much in the 
 courts. His first pub- 
 lic service was as in 
 spector in the Bos- 
 ton Custom House. 
 In 1849 he was 
 elected to the Legis- 
 1 a t u r e, and was 
 speaker of the House 
 in 1851 and 1852. 
 He was president of 
 
 the State Constitutional Convention in 1853, and in the 
 same year was elected to Congress as a coalition Dem- 
 ocrat. Being re-elected to the next Congress by the 
 American party, he was chosen speaker of the National 
 House of Representatives, after an unparalleled contest, 
 lasting over two months, and resulting in the casting of 
 one hundred and thirty-two ballots before the deadlock 
 was broken. He was governor in 1858-60. In 1861 
 he was commissioned a major-general of volunteers. 
 
 "'NATHANIEL PRENTISS BANKS 
 
 and assigned to the command of the fifth corps in the 
 Army of the Potomac. His corps participated in the 
 battle of Cedar Mountain, holding its position against 
 a largely superior force. In the same year Ceneral 
 Banks was placed in command of the defences of Wash- 
 ington, and subsequently succeeded General Butler in 
 the command of the department of the Gulf. The Red 
 River expedition, undertaken against his remonstrances, 
 proved a failure, and military critics exculpate General 
 
 Banks from all blame 
 for the result. Re- 
 lieved of his com- 
 mand in May, 1864, 
 he resigned his com- 
 mission, returned to 
 Massachusetts, w a s 
 again elected to Con- 
 gress from his old 
 district, and was re- 
 elected to the suc- 
 cessive Congresses 
 until 1877, failing 
 only in 1872, when 
 he allied himself to 
 the fortunes of Hor- 
 ace Greeley. He was 
 for a long time chair- 
 man of the Commit- 
 tee on Foreign Re- 
 lations. After his 
 retirement from con- 
 gressional service, he 
 was appointed 
 United States mar- 
 shall, and served 
 until President Cleve- 
 land's ad mi n is t ra- 
 tion. In 1888 he 
 was once more 
 elected to Congress 
 from his. old district. General Banks was married in 
 Waltham, April 11, 1847, to Mary, daughter of Jeduthan 
 and Sarah (Turner) Palmer. Of this union there are 
 three children living, — Joseph W., a civil engineer, 
 settled in the West ; Mary Binney, wife of Rev. Paul 
 Sterling, and Maud Banks, the well-known actress, who, 
 inheriting her dramatic tastes from her father, has so 
 successfully devoted herself to histrionic art. ( leneral 
 Banks continues to reside at Waltham. 
 
56 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 illtff- 
 
 PR( )S1'EK.ITV, opulence, and respect, with honors, 
 both social and civic, have been liberally vouch- 
 safed to Ex-Governor William Claflin, and he has dis- 
 pensed his wealth in the same generous manner. He is 
 one of the four living ex-governors who were born in 
 the same year — 1818. And he is one of the compara- 
 tively few business men who have been distinguished 
 governors of the Commonwealth. He was born at Mil- 
 ford, Mass., March 6, 181 8, and was educated at the 
 Milford Academy 
 and at Brown Uni- 
 versity. In 1838 he 
 went into the boot 
 and shoe business at 
 St. Louis, Mo., and 
 remained there seven 
 years. Since then 
 he has been a mem- 
 ber of one of the 
 largest boot and shoe 
 manufacturing estab- 
 1 i s h m e n t s in New 
 England. Ex-Gov- 
 ernor Claflin's record 
 of ])olitical service 
 may be summarized 
 in a general way as 
 follows : He was a 
 member of the Mas- 
 sachusetts House of 
 Representatives from 
 1849 to 1853 ; of the 
 State Senate in i860 
 and 1 86 1, presiding 
 over that body the 
 second year; was 
 lieutenant-gove r n o r 
 from 1866 to 1869 ; 
 governor of the State 
 from 1869 to 1871 ; 
 
 member of the National Republican Committee from 
 1864 to 1876, and member of Congress from 1877 to 
 1 88 1. He was a Free-soiler in the early fifties, and held 
 aloof from the Know-nothing party, which he was urged 
 to join, saying that his particular fight was with slavery. 
 Unsolicited came his nomination as the Republican 
 party's candidate for governor. He himself was then 
 in New \'ork doing yoeman's • work to secure the 
 election of General (Irant to the presidency. The sit- 
 
 WILLIAM CLAFLIN 
 
 uation bristled with difiliculties, and upon Mr. Claflin, 
 as chairman of the National Republican Committee, 
 devolved the task of surmounting them. It was soon 
 after the close of the war, and the dread of dictatorship 
 was very widely diffused in the North. There was also 
 great doubt concerning General Grant's efificiency on 
 account of his inexperience in civil affairs. There 
 ])robably has not been since that time any national 
 campaign which has taxed more the efforts and exertion 
 
 of the National Com- 
 mittee, or which has 
 been more laborious 
 
 ii or exhaustive. The 
 
 1 overwhelm i n g m a- 
 
 jority which Grant 
 and Colfax received 
 was in no small 
 ■^ degree due to the 
 
 f labors of t h e N a- 
 
 .1 tional Committee. 
 
 '■i 
 
 Ex-Governor C 1 a f- 
 lin's administration 
 of State affairs was 
 up to the high stand- 
 ard which his ablest 
 jiredecessors had set. 
 In Congress he was 
 one of the most in- 
 fluential members of 
 the House, his states- 
 manlike manner of 
 dealing with public 
 (|uestions making 
 him resijected in 
 both parties, for he 
 always rose above 
 the considerat ions 
 of mere partisanship. 
 Ex-Governor Claflin 
 is connected with 
 many business organizations. He has been president 
 of the New England Shoe and Leather Association, 
 is a member of the Boston Wesleyan Association, and 
 president of the trustees of Boston University. Wes- 
 leyan LTniversity of Middletown and Harvard College 
 have conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws. 
 Like his father he is philanthropic, the best-known of 
 their jHiblic benefactions being the endowments of Bos- 
 ton University and of Claflin University at Orangeburg. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 37 
 
 EX-GOVERNOR WILLIAM GASTON belongs to 
 both the past and the present generation. He has 
 seen not a little of public life, but, with the exception 
 of five years, has succeeded in conducting his large and 
 important professional practice for nearly half a century. 
 The five years referred to were the two years — 1861 
 and 1862 — while he was mayor of the city of Rox- 
 bury ; the two years — 1871 and 1872 — while mayor of 
 Boston, and the year 1S75, when he was governor of 
 the Commonwealth. 
 Other positions of 
 
 trust he has held, 
 
 both public and pri- 
 vate, and in them all 
 he has shown the 
 qualities of a thor- 
 oughly conscientious 
 and able man. His 
 long career has been 
 successful from the 
 first. He comes of a 
 distinguished ances- 
 try. On the paternal 
 side he is descended 
 from Jean Gaston, 
 born in France about 
 the year 1590, a Hu- 
 guenot, who was ban- 
 ished on account of 
 his religion, and set- 
 tled in Scotland ; and 
 on the maternal siile 
 from Thomas Arnold, 
 who, with his brother 
 William, came to 
 New England in 
 1636, and joined 
 Roger Williams in 
 Rhode Island in 
 1654. William Gas- 
 ton was born Oct. 3, 1820, in Killingly, Conn., where his 
 father, who had been in the State Legislature, was a 
 merchant. With his parents, William Gaston moved to 
 Roxbury, Mass., in 1838. Graduating with high honors 
 from Brow^n L'niversity in 1840, he first studied law in 
 Roxbury, in the office of Judge Francis Hillard, and 
 afterwards in Boston with the distinguished lawyers and 
 jurists, Charles P. and Benjamin R. Curtis, with whom 
 he remained until his admission to the bar in 1844. At 
 
 Roxbury, in 1846, he opened his first law office, taking 
 soon a leading position at the bar. He continued his 
 practice there until 1865, when he formed, with the 
 late Harvey Jewell and the present chief justice of the 
 Supreme Judicial Court, Hon. Walbridge A. Field, the 
 famous and successful law firm of Jewell, Gaston & 
 Field. This firm continued until the election of Mr. 
 Gaston to the gubernatorial chair in 1874. His ]3oliti- 
 cal career began in 1853, when he was elected to the 
 
 State Legi s 1 a t u r e . 
 He was re-elected 
 the following year, 
 and again in 1856. 
 While mayor of Rox- 
 bury, in 1861-62, 
 he was very active 
 in raising troops for 
 the preservation of 
 the Union. He went 
 to the front several 
 times, and was enthu- 
 siastically patr i o t i c 
 during the entire crit- 
 ical period. In 1868 
 he was State Senator 
 from Roxbury, and in 
 187 1, after the an- 
 nexation of Roxbury, 
 was mayor of Bos- 
 ton, and was re- 
 elected the following 
 vcar. Much against 
 his own inclinations, 
 he was prevailed 
 upon to be a candi- 
 date in 1872, and his 
 Republican oppo- 
 nent was declared 
 elected mayor by only 
 seventy-nine plural- 
 ity, a fact indicative of his great popularity. In 1874 
 he was elected governor of Massachusetts, being the first 
 Democratic executive since the Reptiblican party came 
 into power. Resuming his law business, Ex-Governor 
 Gaston, in 1879, took Mr. C. L. B. Whitney into partner- 
 ship, and in 1883, Mr. William A. Gaston, the governor's 
 son, was admitted to the firm. Ex-Governor Gaston re- 
 ceived the honorarv degree of LL. D. from Brown Univer- 
 sitv, his alma mater, and from Har\ard College in 1875. 
 
 WILLIAM GASTON. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 M 
 
 ASSACHUSP>T'rS has been prolific in public men 
 who, from scholarly attainments, inherent abil- 
 ity and acquired experience, reflect honor upon the 
 State when called upon to exercise high and executive 
 functions. Such a man — and he is one of the most 
 conspicuous figures in the later history of the Com- 
 monwealth — is Ex-Governor Alexander Hamilton Rice. 
 He was born in Newton, Mass., Aug. 30, 18 18, the year 
 that saw the birth of three other future governors. 
 After going through 
 the preparatory 
 course of study in 
 public schools and 
 academies, he en- 
 tered Union College 
 in New York State, 
 and was graduated 
 in 1844, being the 
 commencement ora- 
 tor of his class. 
 Three years later 
 that institution con- 
 ferred upon him the 
 degree of A. M., and 
 he was made Doctor 
 of Laws by Har\-ard 
 University, in 1876. 
 After graduation he 
 began business life 
 in the house of W'il- 
 kins. Carter & Co., 
 paper manufacturers, 
 Boston, and has con- 
 tinued in the same 
 line up to the pres- 
 ent time. He has 
 built up an extensive 
 business and is now 
 ]iresident of the 
 Rice-Kendall Com- 
 
 jiany, paper dealers and manufacturers. He was the 
 first Republican mayor of Boston, having been elected 
 in 1855, when that party was formed. His term of 
 office, lasting two years, was one of the most important 
 of any since the city of Boston was incorporated. Many 
 great public improvements were begun, including the 
 development of the Back Bay district, many street 
 widenings, the building of the City Hospital, and the 
 completion and dedication of the Public Library build- 
 
 ALEXANDER HAMILTON RICE 
 
 ing. Ex-Mayor Rice's address on the latter occasion was 
 a masterpiece of oratory. From 1S59 to 1867 he was 
 a member of the National House of Representatives, 
 where he exerted a powerful influence during the recon- 
 struction period. From 1875 to 1879 he was governor 
 of the Commonwealth, and his administrations were 
 marked for their business ability. He is vice-president 
 of the Webster Historical Society ; a member of the 
 American Archaeological Society and American Histori- 
 cal Association ; a 
 trustee of the Mas- 
 sachusetts Institute 
 of Technology, of 
 the Art Museum of 
 Boston, and of the 
 Episcopal Theologi- 
 cal School at Cam- 
 bridge ; a director of 
 the American Loan 
 and Trust Company, 
 of the Massachusetts 
 National Bank, and 
 of the Bunker Hill 
 Monument Associa- 
 tion ; president of the 
 National Soldiers' 
 Home, and honorary 
 chancellor of L'^nion 
 University, New 
 Vork, 1 88 1. During 
 recent years Ex- 
 Governor Rice has 
 devoted himself al- 
 most entirely to busi- 
 ness, living a quiet 
 life with his family, 
 apart from the tur- 
 moil of politics, 
 though his counsels 
 are sought and highly 
 valued by the Reiiublican party leaders. Li commer- 
 cial circles his judgment and experience find scope and 
 exercise upon the numerous boards with which he is 
 connected. Pre-eminently a man of affairs, he has, 
 nevertheless, found time for the graces of intellectual 
 life, and his marked characteristic is the combination of 
 business sagacity and mental accomplishments. He 
 has been twice married. F^x-Governor Rice lives in 
 Boston, and has a summer home at Nantasket. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 39 
 
 AN educated student of politics, a polished orator 
 for any occasion, a ready talker on any subject, 
 a lover of literature, a patriotic statesman, and an able 
 lawyer lives in Hingham, Mass. His name is John 
 Davis Long, and he has been speaker of the Massachu- 
 setts House of Representatives three years, lieutenant- 
 governor one year, governor three years, and member 
 of Congress three years. He is a born worker, and to 
 his tremendous capacity for toil are added versatile 
 talents of a high or- 
 der. He came by 
 his ambition hon- 
 estly. His father was 
 Zadoc Long, a leader 
 in Buckfield, Me., 
 public spirited and 
 sturdy, the Whig can- 
 didate for Congress 
 in his district in 1838, 
 the year his boy was 
 born. His mother 
 was a relative of John 
 Davis, who was gov- 
 ernor of Massachu- 
 setts, once just be- 
 fore John Davis Long 
 was born, and twice 
 when the future gov- 
 ernor was a baby. 
 The boy, John Davis 
 Long, went from the 
 Buckfield schools to 
 the Hebron .'Acad- 
 emy, and from there 
 to Harvard College 
 in 1853. He stood 
 second in his class 
 at college in the sen- 
 ior year. His poeti- 
 cal faculty found early 
 
 expression, and he wrote the ode for class day. .Mter 
 graduation he taught at \\'estford .\cademy two years ; 
 then studied law, and was admitted in 1861. Going 
 home to Buckfield, he put his shingle out, and, as he 
 says, " made twenty-five cents the first day, and next to 
 nothing after that." He came to Boston in 1862, and 
 soon formed a law partnership with Stiliman B. Allen, 
 which lasted until 1879. Before he left the bar for po- 
 litical life, his practice had grown to be far more remu- 
 
 JOHN D. LONG. 
 
 nerative than was the salar)' of any ofifice he has ever 
 filled. His rise in politics, when once he got started, 
 was wonderfully rapid, and the year 1875 found him in 
 the ^L^ssachusetts Legislature, where he remained until 
 1878, when he was elected lieutenant-governor. The 
 next year he was chosen governor, and in 1879 and 
 1880 was re- nominated by acclamation and re-elected 
 by heavy pluralities. He was made a doctor of laws by 
 his alma mater in 1880, and in 1882 delivered the one 
 
 hundredth Fourth of 
 July oration in Bos- 
 ton. Then followed 
 his Congressional 
 career, with the great 
 Whiskey Bill speech, 
 and the Chicago Con- 
 vention of 1884, with 
 the famous speech 
 nominating Senator 
 Edmunds for the 
 presidency. He has 
 always retained his 
 taste for the classics, 
 and in 1879 published 
 a translation of Vir- 
 gil's "^-Eneid," which 
 is said by critics to 
 preserve the spirit of 
 the original and to 
 possess strong poetic 
 feeling. His inaugu- 
 ral addresses were lit- 
 erary masterpieces, 
 and as an orator on 
 a wide range of top- 
 - ics, he is always; in 
 demand. Since his 
 retirement from Con- 
 gress he has prac- 
 tised law in Boston. 
 In 1870 Mr. Long married Mary W., daughter of George 
 S. Glover. His second marriage was with Agnes, daugh- 
 ter of Rev. Joseph D. Pierce, in 1886. He has three 
 children. He is now senior member of the law firm of 
 Long & Hemenway, in Boston, and although actively 
 engaged in the [iractice of his ((rofession, involving the 
 direction of an extensive business, Ex-Governor Long 
 finds leisure to devote to the larger public questions of 
 the day, political, social, and philanthropic. 
 
40 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ONE masterful personality has left its imprint upon 
 the legislation, the opinions, the character of 
 New England, and has made its influence felt through- 
 out the country. Though belonging to a generation 
 that is passing away, and though the zenith of his fame 
 was reached years ago, Benjamin Franklin Buder is still 
 a vital part of the Massachusetts of to-day. The glory 
 of his early triumphs at the bar, in the political life 
 of State and nation, in war and peace, has not faded 
 or been dimmed by 
 the animosities 
 which a positive na- 
 ture like his ever 
 arouses. I'hough 
 the innumerable her- 
 culean tasks which 
 he has accomplished 
 
 — enough to con- 
 sume the vitality of 
 a regiment of men 
 
 — have told on his 
 physical powers, he 
 still preserves that 
 marvellous keenness 
 of mind and quick- 
 ness of perception 
 that have made him 
 one of the foremost 
 of .American lawyers. 
 There are a score of 
 episodes in his event- 
 ful life, any one of 
 which would furnish 
 material for a vol- 
 inne. Almost from 
 the day he was born, 
 Nov. 5, I 8 I 8, u \> 
 among the hills of 
 Ueerfield, N. H., 
 through boyhood, 
 
 youth, and early manhood, he displayed the germs of 
 those characteristics which have marked his later life. 
 He got his first lessons in politics from his grandmother ; 
 he went to Phillips Exeter Academy, and later to Water- 
 ville College, where he got into a theological conflict 
 with the authorities ; he narrowly escaped becoming a 
 preacher ; he studied law, and in Lowell, where he was 
 practising both law and politics, he raised, by his 
 advocacy of the Ten-Hour Bill, a terrific storm, the 
 
 BENJAMIN F. BUTLER 
 
 effects of which have even yet not wholly died away ; 
 he was elected to the Massachusetts Legislature and 
 kept the House from stagnating ; during the decade 
 from 1850 to i860, he was one of the liveliest and most 
 potent factors in Massachusetts politics. His military 
 record ; his controversy with Governor Andrew ; his 
 successful recruiting of soldiers in New England, against 
 the will of the governor ; the fascinating story of his 
 vigorous administration of affairs in New Orleans ; his 
 
 career as congress- 
 man, and the part 
 he took in the 
 national councils — 
 these are all invested 
 with the peculiar in- 
 terest that attaches 
 to everything General 
 Butler has said or 
 done. His adminis- 
 tration as governor 
 of Massachusetts, in 
 1883, with his famous 
 Thanksgiving p r o c- 
 lamation and the in- 
 vestigation of the 
 Tewksb u r y a 1 m s- 
 house, is green in 
 the memory of every 
 voter. T he c a m - 
 |)aign of 1884, when 
 he was nom i na ted 
 for the presidency 
 by the Greenback 
 party, was the close 
 of his political life. 
 Since then he has 
 devoted himself ex- 
 clusively to the ])rac- 
 tice of law. In 1892 
 he publis h e d his 
 autobiograjjhy, entitled " Butler's Book," which, though 
 it has been most severely handled by some of his critics 
 and enemies, is undoubtedly the most entertaining vol- 
 ume of reminiscences that was ever printed. General 
 Butler resides in Lowell, but is frequently seen in the 
 courts of Boston and at his office in Ashburton Place. 
 He was married in 1844 to Sarah, daughter of Dr. Israel 
 and Dolly (Jones) Hildreth. Mrs. Butler died in 1876. 
 Of this union were Blanche, Paul, and Ben-Israel. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 41 
 
 THE public career of Ex-Congressman and Ex- 
 Ciovernor George Dexter Robinson is familiar to 
 the nation. In many respects he is the best type of 
 New England character. Believing that talent is worth- 
 less unless developed by industry, work has been the 
 motto and, to a great extent, the enjoyment of his life. 
 He worked as college student and as teacher in his 
 native town ; he worked for nine years as principal of 
 the Chicopee High School, bringing, out of the chaos of 
 a big village school, 
 the order, system, 
 and capacity for ex- 
 tended instruction of 
 the modern graded 
 school : he worked 
 so hard as a law stu- 
 dent that he devoted 
 only one year to a 
 preparation that or- 
 dinarily requires 
 three. To sustain 
 this labor he brought 
 a splendid physical 
 developme n t from 
 the old farm in Lex- 
 ington, where he 
 worked as a boy, lay- 
 ing then the founda- 
 tions of a constitu- 
 tion which has stood 
 the wear of nearly 
 forty years of unre- 
 mitting devotion to 
 the duties of man- 
 hood, with hardly a 
 day of illness, and 
 which promises many 
 years more of active 
 profess i o n a 1 life. 
 Born of an old colo- 
 nial family, Jan. 20, 1834, his childhood days were passed 
 in Lexington. He prepared for college at the Hopkins 
 Classical School, Cambridge, and graduated at Harvard 
 in 1856. The following nine years he had charge of 
 the Chicopee High School ; then studied law with his 
 brother, and in 1866, having been admitted to the bar 
 in Cambridge, began the practice of law at Chicopee : 
 elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives 
 in 1873, and to the Senate in 1875 ; in 1878, elected to 
 
 GEORGE D. ROBINSON 
 
 Congress, and re-elected in 1880 and 1881 ; elected 
 governor of the Commonwealth in 1883, and re-elected 
 in 1884 and 1885. Those are the dry facts of Mr. 
 Robinson's career. Behind them lies a character that 
 has won for him not only worldly success, but esteem 
 and confidence. In Congress he applied himself to 
 understanding the business of the House, and speedily 
 became an authority upon it and upon parliamentary 
 law. Although not an adherent of Speaker Keifer, the 
 
 latter frequently 
 called him to the 
 speaker 's chair, 
 where he made a 
 most effective presid- 
 ing officer, many of 
 his rulings having 
 since been incorpo- 
 rated in the manual 
 of the House. Mr. 
 Robinson's first cam- 
 paign for the govern- 
 orship is green in the 
 memory of every 
 Massachusetts man. 
 The masses of facts 
 and fi g u r e s, w i th 
 which he combated 
 Ex-Governor Butler 
 on the stump night 
 after night, were 
 compiled by his own 
 labor on the State 
 House records dur- 
 ing the day. As gov- 
 ernor, his admisis- 
 trations were singu- 
 larly able and above 
 the reproach of ex- 
 treme partisanship. 
 He never missed 
 town meetings in Chicoijee, going home regularly while 
 he was governor to preside over them. Nor did he per- 
 mit his gubernatorial duties to clash with those of super- 
 intendent of the Chicopee Unitarian Sunday School, but 
 went home Saturday nights to conduct the exercises. 
 Since 1887 Governor Robinson has devoted himself to 
 the practice of law. His family consists of his wife, a 
 son, who is his law partner, and a daughter. In 1889 
 he was a special Indian commissioner. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 OLIVER AMES, shovel manufacturer, three times 
 elected governor of Massachusetts, was born in 
 Easton, Bristol County, Mass., on Feb. 4, 1831, his 
 parents having been Oakes and Eveline Ames. He was 
 educated in the public schools of his native town, in 
 the academies of North Attleboro and Leicester, and at 
 Brown University, Providence, R. I., from which he has 
 received the degree of LL. D. Early in life he began 
 to show that interest in men and affairs which has been 
 the source of his 
 success both in bus- 
 iness and in civic 
 matters. He entered 
 the shops of Oliver 
 Ames & Sons as an 
 apprentice, acquiring 
 a thorough knowl- 
 edge of the business, 
 and developing it bv 
 many improvements. 
 He also travelled for, 
 and became an active 
 member of, the firm, 
 which has since been 
 changed into a cor- 
 poration. On the 
 death of his father, 
 whose fame as a 
 statesman and a bus- 
 iness man is world- 
 wide, he was called 
 upon to adjust the 
 affairs of his large 
 estate, and this he 
 did with marked abil- 
 ity. In doing this 
 diffic u 1 1 work he 
 gained an exjierience 
 that has been of great 
 value to him, and to 
 
 thousands of others, in the management of numerous 
 railroad, mining, manufacturing, and banking corpora- 
 tions, of which he has been president or director. He 
 has also been president of the Merchants' Club, of 
 Boston, and of the Boston .Art Club. In the welfare of 
 
 OLIVER AMES 
 
 has contributed liberally, and jilanneil wisely, for the 
 erection of handsome and substantial public liuildings, 
 and in many ways has aided in the development of 
 local improvements. He was elected a State senator in 
 1879, ^J^d was re-elected in 1880. In 1882 he was 
 elected lieutenant-governor, and was three times re- 
 elected. I'hen he was elected governor. During the 
 three years which he was chief executive magistrate of 
 Massachusetts, he gave her jieople a business adminis- 
 tration of her affairs 
 which has seldom 
 been equalled and 
 never surpassed. 
 Notably good were 
 his appointments to 
 office. In these he 
 made use of his wide 
 and thorough knowl- 
 edge of men, to the 
 permanent advantage 
 of his fellow-citizens. 
 While he was gov- 
 ernor he solved suc- 
 cessfully a problem 
 that for several years 
 had confronted the 
 people of the State. 
 .As a business man, 
 as one who appre- 
 ciated the impor- 
 tance of bringing all 
 the departments of a 
 great business — such 
 as that of a common- 
 wealth — under one 
 roof, and with ample 
 room lor its transac- 
 t i o n, he r e c o m- 
 mended officially a 
 magnificent enlarge- 
 ment of the State House. This recommendation was 
 approved by the Legislature, and under this authority 
 the governor ])rovided plans for, and on Dec. 21, 1890, 
 laid the corner stone of, the new State House. At 
 a cost of less than three millions of dollars, Massachu- 
 
 his native town, and the education of its people, he has setts will have a State House that will be an ornament 
 
 taken an active interest. He was member of the Fvaston to the city in which it stands, and a credit to the Com- 
 
 School Committee for many years. He ])lanted thou- monwealth. Here, if in no other |ilace, is an enduring 
 
 sands of shade trees along Easton's public ways. He monument to Oliver Ames. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 43 
 
 LAWYER, legislator, and ex-governor, John (^uincy 
 Adams Brackett stands in the first rank of the 
 sons of Massachusetts. He was born at Bradford, 
 N. H., June 8, 1842, and is the son of Ambrose S. and 
 Nancy Brackett. He studied in the public schools of 
 his native town and Colby Academy, from which he was 
 graduated in 1861. He then entered Harvard, and, 
 with high honors, was graduated in 1865, being the 
 class orator. He entered the Harvard Law School, and 
 in 1868 was admitted 
 to the bar in Boston, 
 
 where he still con- "^ 
 
 tinues to practise. 
 In 1871 he was 
 elected president of 
 the Mercantile Li- 
 brary Association, of 
 Boston. In 1882 he 
 was again honored 
 with the same office. 
 Mr. Brackett was one 
 of the first promoters 
 of the young men's 
 Republican move- 
 ment, and presided 
 at the first meeting 
 held at Faneuil Hall, 
 in 1877. By this 
 time his pii M ic 
 speeches had made 
 him prominent. Jn 
 1874 he was ap- 
 pointed judge-advo- 
 cate upon the staff of 
 General I. S. Burrell, 
 of the First Brigade 
 of Mass a c h u s e 1 1 s 
 Volunteer Militia, 
 and retained the po- 
 sition until the re- 
 organization in 1876. From 1S73 to 1876, inclusive, 
 he served in the Common Council of Boston, the latter 
 year being unanimously chosen president. In the same 
 year he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Rep- 
 resentatives, and remained a member until 1881. He 
 again served from 1884 to 1886, inclusive. During that 
 time he was identified with some very important legisla- 
 tion, prominent among which was the bill establishing 
 co-operative banks. Mr. Brackett was chairman of num- 
 
 J Q A^ BRACKETT. 
 
 berless committees, including that on Rules and the 
 special committee of 1881 on the Revision of the Stat- 
 utes. In 1885 he was unanimously nominated for 
 speaker of the House, and was elected, and re-elected 
 in 1886. Probably no speaker in Massachusetts was 
 ever put to a more severe test than that which Mr. 
 Brackett encountered the first year — that of the famous 
 filibustering movement against the Metropolitan Police 
 Bill. ■ By his firm action and spirited determination the 
 
 bill was reached and 
 passed, and both par- 
 ties accorded him 
 much praise for his 
 ability in presiding 
 over this strong de- 
 bate. In the fall of 
 1886 he was elected 
 lieutenant-governor, 
 re-elected in 1887 
 and 1888, and the 
 next year he suc- 
 ceeded Oliver Ames 
 as govern or. E .x - 
 CJovernor Brackett, 
 in his inaugural ad- 
 dress, approved the 
 abolition of the con- 
 tract system of labor 
 in the ])risons, and 
 recommended that 
 a law be passed that 
 prisoners be paid a 
 proportion of their 
 earnings while serv- 
 ing their sentences, 
 and suggested many 
 other wise measures. 
 He also suggested 
 that the Legislature, 
 by res o 1 u t i o n or 
 otherwise, urge Congress to cause uniform couplers and 
 continuous brakes to be used on all freight cars employed 
 in interstate commerce as a protection to the brake- 
 men. Governor Bracket ' also advocated biennial elec- 
 tions, but not biennial sessions of the Legislature. 
 These two pro]:)Ositions had been considered identical, 
 but he explained the difference and showed why the 
 change should be effected. He was_ married in 1878 to 
 Angle M. Peck of Arlington. 
 
44 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 HENRY LAURENS DAWES, senior Ignited States 
 senator from Massachusetts, is the son of Mitchell 
 and Mercy (Burgess) Dawes, and was born in Cum- 
 mington, Mass., Oct. 30, 1816. His early education 
 was obtained in the common and preparatory schools, 
 after which he entered Yale College, graduating from 
 the latter in the class of 1839. The next two years he 
 employed in teaching, and later became editor of the 
 Greenfield Gazette, which position he resigned to be- 
 come managing ed- 
 itor of the Adams 
 Transcript. From 
 journalism he turned 
 his attention to law, 
 entering the office of 
 W'ells & Davis at 
 (Ireenfield, and was 
 admitted to the Mas- 
 sachusetts bar in 1842 
 beginning the prac- 
 tice of his profession 
 in North Adams. In 
 1864 he removed to 
 Pittsfield, which has 
 ever since been his 
 legal place of resi- 
 dence. He served in 
 the lower branch of 
 the State Legislature 
 in 1848, 1849, and in 
 the State Senate in 
 1850. In 1853 he 
 was a member of the 
 State Constitutional 
 Conv e n t i o n, and 
 from 1853 to 1857 
 was district attorney 
 for the western dis- 
 trict. He was elected 
 to the Thirty-fifth, 
 
 Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth, Fortieth, 
 Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses, 
 and to the United States Senate in 1875, to succeed 
 Charles Sumner, whose unexpired term was filled by 
 William B. Washburn. He was re-electetl in 18S1 and 
 again in 1887, his present term expiring March 3, 1893. 
 Mr. Dawes was married in Ashfield, Mass., May i, 1844, 
 to Electa A. Sanderson, and of this union there are 
 three children living, — Anna Laurens, Chester iMitchell, 
 
 HENRY L, DAWES 
 
 and Henry Laurens, Jr., — Miss Anna being ])rominently 
 identified with educational work, and a member of the 
 World's Fair Board of Managers. Senator Dawes has 
 always held a distinguished place in the councils of the 
 nation, and no member of the Llnited States Senate is 
 more generally esteemed among his senatorial colleagues, 
 while he is as well an exceedingly popular man in the 
 State which he has honored and upon which his services 
 have conferred honor in return. No man in Washing- 
 ton is more familiar 
 with the different 
 phases of the Indian 
 question and the re- 
 lationship and duty 
 of the government to 
 its Indian wards, and 
 he has been for years 
 chairman of the Sen- 
 ate Committee on In- 
 dian Affairs. Abroad, 
 genial, sympathetic 
 man, he has won the 
 respect of all parties, 
 and in the Senate, 
 whenever he chooses 
 to speak, he receives 
 the most courteous 
 and appr e c i a t i v e 
 hearing, for he is rec- 
 ognized as one of the 
 foremost members of 
 that augu s t body. 
 He has been the i)er- 
 sonal friend of every 
 President since his 
 first appearance as a 
 member of Congress, 
 while at home in his 
 own State he enjoys 
 the esteem of all who 
 know him, irrespective of party, for there is an honest 
 sincerity about the man, a magnetism to his personality 
 that is as captivating as it is rare. Massachusetts has^ 
 been well honored by the distinguished sons who have 
 represented her in the national halls of legislation, but 
 none have won more general respect than the present 
 senior senator from the Bay State. In 1869 A\'illiams 
 College conferred u]ion Senator Dawes the degree of 
 doctor of laws. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 45 
 
 UNITED STATES Senator Ceorge Frisbie Hoar 
 was born in Concord, Mass., Aug. 29, 1826. 
 His father, Hon. Samuel Hoar, was a contemporary at 
 the bar of Mason, Webster, and Choate, and shared with 
 them the honors of the first rank among the lawyers of 
 Massachusetts. Mr. Hoar's mother was the youngest 
 daughter of Roger Sherman, of Connecticut. Senator 
 Hoar received his early education in Concord, and was 
 graduated at Harvard in the class of 1846. He then 
 entered upon the 
 study of law at the 
 Harvard Law School, 
 and subsequently in 
 the office of the late 
 Judge Thomas, in 
 Worcester. .\d- 
 mitted to the Wor- 
 cester bar in 1849 
 he associated him- 
 self in practice first 
 with the late Hon. 
 Emery Washb u r n, 
 and then with the 
 late Hon. Charles 
 Devens and the late 
 J. Henry Hill. Mr. 
 Hoar's native capac- 
 ity, disciplined by 
 education and sup- 
 plemented by great 
 industry, gave him a 
 high rank in his pro- 
 fession, and when he 
 entered Cong r e s s, 
 after twenty years of 
 labor at the bar, his 
 practice was the 
 largest in the State 
 west of Middlesex 
 County. In 185 1, 
 
 at the age of twenty-five, Mr. Hoar was elected a rep- 
 resentative to the Legislature, and though the youngest 
 member of the body, became at once a leader. He 
 was elected State Senator in 1857, and as chairman of 
 the Judiciary Committee drew a masterly report defin- 
 ing the boundaries of executive and legislative authority. 
 Mr. Hoar was first elected to Congress in 1868, having 
 declined at an earlier time to accept an election. He 
 became known at once as a formidable opponent in 
 
 GEORGE F, HOAR. 
 
 debate, but acc|uired a reputation for fairness toward 
 his opponents which has ever since been a trait of 
 his public career. His most distinguished service in 
 Congress was as a member of the Electoral Commis- 
 sion. Mr. Hoar was re-elected in 1870, 1872, and 1874, 
 but declined again to be a candidate. In 1876 he 
 was elected LTnited States senator, to succeed Hon. 
 George S. Boutwell, and has since been twice re-elected. 
 His third election was by the unanimous vote of his 
 
 party in the Legisla- 
 ture without a cau- 
 
 cus. In the Senate 
 
 Mr. Hoar was for 
 many years chairman 
 of the Committee 
 on Privileges a n d 
 Electi o n s, and a 
 member of the Com- 
 mittees on Claims 
 and the Judiciary. 
 He is now chairman 
 of the last-named 
 committee. He is 
 the author or leading 
 advocate of numer- 
 ous important meas- 
 ures, among others 
 of the Lowell Bank- 
 ruptcy Bill, the Pres- 
 idential Succession 
 Bill, and the bill for 
 counting the elec- 
 toral votes for pres- 
 ident and vice-pres- 
 ident. Mr. Hoar has 
 presided over four 
 Republic an State 
 Conventions, and in 
 1880 was president of 
 the National Repub- 
 lican Convention. He has been a member of the Board 
 of Overseers of Harvard, president of the American 
 Antiquarian Society, is a trustee of the Worcester Poly- 
 technic Institute, of Clark LTniversity, and was a regent 
 of the Smithsonian Institution. He received the degree 
 of LL. D. from William and Mary College, Amherst, 
 Vale, and Harvard. Mr. Hoar married, in 1853, Mary 
 Louisa Spurr, of Worcester. She died a few years later. 
 In 1862 Mr. Hoar married Ruth Ann Miller, of Worcester. 
 
46 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OP TO-DAY. 
 
 CHARLES STURTEVANT RANDALL, the pres- 
 ent representative in Congress of the district in 
 which New Bedford is situated, was born there Feb. -'o, 
 1824. He comes of a staunch old Puritan family, being 
 descended on his father's side from Tristram Coffin, 
 who landed in Nantucket in 1640, and on his mother's 
 side from Samuel Sturtevant, a surveyor, who was in 
 Plymouth as early as 1637, and Richard Bourne, one of 
 the incorporators of Sandwich in 1637. He now owns 
 the farm in Plymouth 
 County (Rochester), 
 settled in 1699 by 
 Charles Sturtevant. 
 His grandfather, also 
 named Charles Stur- 
 tevant, was, in the 
 Battle of Lexington, 
 corporal of a com- 
 pany of militia from 
 Rochester. After 
 leaving school, Mr. 
 Randall prepared for 
 Harvard College un- 
 der private tuition, 
 but, instead of ma- 
 triculating, went to a 
 school in France, and 
 on his return entered 
 business. Soon 
 afterward he became 
 a clerk in the Mer- 
 chants National 
 Bank, of which his 
 uncle, James B . 
 Congdon, was cash- 
 ier. The California 
 gold fever of 1847 
 carried him from be- 
 hind his desk there 
 to the mines, where 
 
 he participated in all the rough and exciting experiences 
 of such a life. Returning to New Bedford, after fair 
 success, he married, in 1851, Sarah Spooner, daughter 
 of the late Jireh and Nancy (Nye) Perry. LIntil i860 
 he did a large shipping and commission business ; then 
 organized the New Bedford Copper Company, of which 
 he was treasurer till he resigned in 1867 ; then again 
 engaged in the whaling business and in the management 
 of the McKay Manufacturing Comi)any. In 1S72 he 
 
 CHARLES S, RANDALL 
 
 retired from active business, and with his family spent 
 the next two years in European travel. In 1882 Mr. 
 Randall's political career commenced with his election 
 to the State Senate, where he served with credit for two 
 years. At the State House he was a member of the 
 committees on mercantile affairs and engrossed bills, 
 and chairman of the former committee in his second 
 year. For three years after this he was a member of 
 the Republican State Central Committee. In 1888 he 
 
 was elected to the 
 Fifty-first Congress, 
 and was re-elected in 
 1890 and 1892. As 
 Congre s s m a n, Mr. 
 Randa 11 enjoys a 
 large measure of pop- 
 ularity both in Wash- 
 ington and at home. 
 At the Capitol his 
 tact and genia 1 i t y 
 have won for him a 
 position of great in- 
 fluence in promoting 
 the interests of his 
 constituents, and in 
 his distr i c t he is 
 always on the look- 
 out for an opportu- 
 nity to be of service. 
 He. is not one of the 
 orators of the House 
 of Representatives, 
 but few of its mem- 
 bers are ahead of him 
 in zealous and perse- 
 vering effort for their 
 constit u e n t s. Mr. 
 Randall still has his 
 home in his native 
 city, where he has 
 many ties other than those which come from his polit- 
 ical office, and where he spends most of his time when 
 Congress is not in session. He has two daughters, 
 Harriet (Mrs. Walter Clifford, New Bedford) and Sarah 
 (Mrs. John W. Criswold, Troy, N. Y.). Although Mr. 
 Randall has not recently been engaged in the pursuits 
 of active business, he is a director and stockholder in 
 various companies, where his experience in mercan- 
 tile legislation renders his presence of great value. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 M 
 
 THERE is scarcely a more interesting figure in con- 
 temporary public life than that of Elijah A. 
 Morse. He combines in his unique personality the 
 qualities that provoke attention, that command respect, 
 that exert a wide influence, and that overcome opposi- 
 tion, of whatever nature. For more than fifteen years 
 he has been a sort of storm centre in Massachusetts 
 politics, and whatever he has said or done has awakened 
 interest in men of all parties. Whether in the State 
 Legislature or in the 
 National Congress, 
 he has never hidden 
 his light under a 
 bushel. On ev e r y 
 subject of popular 
 interest he has held 
 decided opin ions, 
 and their expression 
 has alwa y s been 
 clear and forceful. 
 The architect of his 
 own fortune, — and 
 a most respectable 
 one it is, — Mr. 
 Morse has risen by 
 dint of persevering 
 toil from poverty to 
 affluence. Sa m u e 1 
 Smiles has not given 
 a more striking ex- 
 ample of self-help. 
 Mr. Morse is de- 
 scended from one of 
 the oldest New Eng- 
 land families, the 
 founder of whi c h 
 settled at Dedham 
 in 1637. In the 
 next century the 
 family went ^Vest, 
 
 and at South Bend, Ind., in 1841, Mr. Morse was born, 
 the son of a clergyman, who, eleven years later, re- 
 turned to Massachusetts. In the public schools of 
 Sherborn, Holliston, at the Boylston School in Boston, 
 and at Onondaga Academy in New York State, young 
 Elijah was educated. Neither as boy nor as youth was 
 he ever an idler. Alone in a little building at Sharon, 
 Mass., he began, during his school vacations, to experi- 
 ment and manufacture the stove polish which has since 
 
 ELIJAH A. MORSE 
 
 made his fortune. In his nineteenth year he enlisted 
 as private in the Fourth Massachusetts Infantry, was 
 three months with General Butler, in \irginia, and with 
 General Banks nine months in Louisiana. Returning 
 from the war, he went into business with his brother 
 and established at Canton what has grown to be a large 
 industry, being now the sole proprietor. He was 
 elected to the lower House of the Massachusetts Legis- 
 lature in 1876, and later served two terms in the State 
 
 Senate, followed by 
 two years in the Ex- 
 ecutive Council. As 
 senator, Mr. Morse 
 secu red radical 
 amendments to the 
 laws for the protec- 
 tion of children and 
 for the punishment 
 of crimes agai n s t 
 jfl| chastity. He was 
 
 I^P I also the chamijion 
 
 of all wise labor leg- 
 islation and an influ- 
 ential friend of the 
 veterans. In 18S8 
 he was elected to 
 Congress, an d i n 
 1890, in the face of 
 formidable opposi- 
 tion, was re-elected, 
 and again elected in 
 1892, as a member 
 of the Fifty- third 
 Congress. His rec- 
 ord at Washington is 
 part of the country's 
 history. Mr. Morse 
 is not only a theoret- 
 ical but a practical 
 philanthropist, and 
 has given large sums to various charities. During the 
 last ten j'ears he has, in addition to his public duties 
 and the conducting of his large business, delivered 
 more than fifteen hundred addresses upon political, 
 educational, religious, and temperance subjects, which 
 have given him a wide introduction to the people of New 
 England as well as other States. He was married in 
 1868 to the daughter of Samuel Vining, of Holbrook. 
 The family consists of three sons. 
 
4« 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO~DAY. 
 
 ILLUSTRIOUS sons of illustrious fathers are not rare 
 in the history of Massachusetts, as the names of 
 Adams, Quincy, Prince, Everett, Holmes, Russell, Hoar, 
 and others in the contemporary life of the State amply 
 prove. A striking example of the influence of heredity 
 is furnished in the character of John Forrester Andrew, 
 the son of the "War Ciovernor" of the Commonwealth. 
 John F. Andrew has, as his father had, that instinc- 
 tive and controlling impidse which leads him to take 
 the right course, let 
 the conseq u e n c e s 
 be what they may. 
 He was born in 
 Hingham , Mass., 
 N o v. 2 6, I 8 s o. 
 After pursuing his 
 early studies in the 
 Boston public 
 schools, he entered 
 Harvard and gradu- 
 ated in 1872. Three 
 years later he re- 
 ceived the degree of 
 LL. B. from the 
 Harvard Law School, 
 was admitted to the 
 Suffolk bar the same 
 year, and has since 
 practised in Boston. 
 He served five terms 
 in the Legislature, 
 beginning in 1880, 
 and being one of 
 the youngest mem- 
 bers of the House. 
 In 1884 and 1885 
 he was in the State 
 Sena t e. He was 
 offered the Demo- 
 cratic nomination 
 
 for Congress in his district in 1884, but declined. 
 He was the Democratic candidate for governor in 
 1886, and came nearer an election than any other 
 defeated candidate for many years. He declined a 
 re-nomination in 1887, but was elected to Congress the 
 following year, and was a candidate in 1892. He has 
 been one of the most active and useful members of the 
 House of Re]3resentatives, his efforts in behalf of tariff re- 
 form and against the free coinage of silver having gained 
 
 JOHN F ANDREW 
 
 for him a national reputation. Tariff reformers through- 
 out New lOngland have come to regard Mr. ."Andrew as 
 their special representative in the House, and his 
 speeches against the McKinley Bill and in favor of free 
 wool are among the most forcible that have been 
 delivered at Washington in recent years. The cause of 
 civil service reform has also found one of its ablest and 
 most energetic supporters in Mr. Andrew. The labor- 
 ing men have shown their appreciation of him by the 
 
 big majorities they 
 have rolled up for 
 him whenever he 
 has been a candi- 
 date. His bill to 
 exclude political 
 influence in the em- 
 ployment]of laborers 
 was substantially a 
 procl a m a t i o n of 
 ♦■>1-^^ emancipation for 
 
 »■ ^' • workingmen from 
 
 servility to political 
 bosses. Mr. Andrew 
 has als o been a 
 steady friend of the 
 veterans of the Civil 
 \Var. He has never 
 failed to re c e i v e 
 more vot e s than 
 other candidates on 
 the same ticket, and 
 to receive the votes 
 of me n who r e- 
 spected his ability 
 and courage, though 
 they were not of his 
 ' party. He is noted 
 
 for his activity in all 
 benevo 1 e nt w o r k, 
 holding the offices of 
 president of the Massachusetts Infant Asylum, president 
 of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 
 president of the Home for Aged Colored Women, and 
 trustee of the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Youth. He 
 is a member of the New England Historic (lenealogical 
 Society. Mr. Andrew was married, in 1883, to- Harriet, 
 daughter of Nathaniel and Cornelia (Van Rensselaer) 
 Thayer. She died in 1891, leaving him two children. 
 He lives in Boston. 
 
MASSAClIUSErrS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 49 
 
 JOSEPH HENRY O'NEIL, one of the Democratic 
 Congressmen from Massachusetts, has the unique 
 experience of having been in public office almost con- 
 tinuously since he reached the age of twenty-one years. 
 He was born in Fall River, Bristol County, Mass., on 
 March 23, 1853, being the son of Patrick Henry and 
 Mary (Harrington) O'Neil. His early education was 
 gained in the public schools of Boston, from which he 
 was graduated in 1866. He then worked as a printer's 
 apprentice, and later 
 learned the carpen- 
 ter's trade with the 
 firm of Jones, Fitch 
 & Co., who did a 
 very large business. 
 In 1870 he assisted 
 in the formation of 
 the St. James Young 
 Men's Catholic Total 
 Abstinence Soc i e t y 
 of Boston, and he 
 was its president for 
 many years. He was 
 also one of the found- 
 ers of the Catholic 
 Total Abs t i n e n c e 
 Union of Massachu- 
 setts, but he alwavs 
 declined to hold 
 office in that body. 
 In 1874 he was 
 twenty-one years of 
 age, and in that year 
 he was elected a 
 member of the Bos- 
 ton School Board 
 from Ward Seven. 
 He was also a mem- 
 ber of the Demo- 
 cratic City Commit- 
 tee in that year. He has since been a member of the 
 same committee several times. In 1878, 1879, 1880, 
 1881, and 1882 he was elected a member of the lower 
 branch of the Massachusetts Legislature from W'artl 
 Sixteen. In 1883 he declined to be a candidate, but 
 he was elected, and again in 1884. He served on the 
 Committee on Liquor Law in 1878, on the Committee 
 on Public Buildings in 1879, ^"d on the Committee on 
 Street Railways in 1880, i88ij and 1882 ; on the special 
 
 JOSEPH H. O'NEIL. 
 
 committee appointed to revise the iniblic statutes in 
 1 88 1, and on the Committee on Rules and Orders 
 in 1882 ; on the committees on rules and on railroads in 
 1884. He was also made president of the Democratic 
 organization of the House in 1880. During his service 
 as a legislator, Mr. O'Neil became interested in the 
 Meigs system of elevated railroads. He has been 
 called the father of that system, and he is now presi- 
 dent of the company. He was five years a member of 
 
 the Board of Direc- 
 tors of Public Insti- 
 tutions of Boston, and 
 its president in 1885 
 and 1886. In 1887 
 and 1888 he was 
 clerk of the city of 
 Boston, and in the 
 latter year he was 
 unanimously n o m i - 
 nated for Congress 
 in the Democratic 
 Convention of the 
 fourth district, to suc- 
 ceed General P. A. 
 Coll ins, and was 
 elected by the largest 
 majority ever cast for 
 a Democratic Con- 
 gressional candidate 
 in this State. In 
 1890 he was re- 
 elected, and again in 
 1892, serving on the 
 Committee on .\p- 
 [iropriations in the 
 Fifty-sec o n d C o n- 
 gress. As a legisla- 
 tor, Mr. O'Neil is an 
 ardent and yet lib- 
 eral Democrat, and 
 he has been a prominent figure in Democratic councils 
 for several years. He is fearless and independent, and 
 follows his convictions with little regard for political 
 bias. On July i, 1884, Mr. O'Neil married, in the 
 Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Boston, Mary Anastasia, 
 daughter of John and Maria (Plunkett) Ingoldsby. 
 They have one child, Joseph H. O'Neil, Jr. Congress- 
 man O'Neil resides in Boston, and the district he repre- 
 sents has long been noted for its political acti\ity. 
 
50 
 
 .V.ISSAC//CSET7S OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IF family traditions could be relied on to keep a man 
 within the lines of a certain political party, Sherman 
 Hoar would be to-day a Republican of Republicans, for 
 he i^ the son of Hon. E. R. Hoar (attorney-general of 
 the United States under President Grant) and the 
 nephew of Senator Hoar. He has inherited the family 
 resoluteness of will, untrammelled by slowly formed but 
 firmly welded political ties. In consequence of his 
 opinions on the tariff issue, he entered the Democratic 
 party, and in 1890 was 
 elected to Congress. 
 He has many qual- 
 ities which tended 
 to lead him into pub- 
 lic life. Not only is 
 he possessed of strong 
 l)ersonal opinions 
 upon the great ques- 
 tions of the day, but 
 he has an intense de- 
 sire to see his opin- 
 ions prevail. He has 
 the splendid virtues 
 of a strong character. 
 The representatives 
 of his family of the 
 preceding generation 
 were the determined 
 opponen t s o f the 
 slave sys t e m, a n d 
 were ready to make 
 any sacrifice to bring 
 about its abolition. 
 The son and nejihew 
 came into active life 
 when the old prob- 
 lem had been solved, 
 but he found other 
 wrongs to be righted. 
 In an address which 
 
 he delivered before the American Unitarian .Association 
 in 1890, on the corrupt practices which are so common 
 in public affairs, he showed a magnificent capacity for 
 dealing with complicated public questions. Mr. Hoar 
 was born in Concord, Mass., July 30, i860. His parents 
 were Ebenezer Rockwood and Caroline (Brooks) Hoar. 
 Receiving his early education in the public schools of 
 Concord, he fitted for college at Phillips Exeter Acad- 
 emy. He entered Harvard in 1878, and was graduated 
 
 SHERMAN HOAR 
 
 in 1882, being the orator of his class at graduation. 
 After studying law for two years at the Harvard Law 
 School, and another year in his father's office, he was 
 admitted to the Middlesex County bar in 1885. He 
 practised in Waltham about one year, and in 1887 
 was admitted to the Boston law firm of Storey, Thorn- 
 dike & Hoar, of which Moorfield Storey, Esq., is the 
 senior partner. In 1890 Mr. Hoar was nominated for 
 Congress by the Democrats of the fifth district, — a 
 
 district strongly Re- 
 publican, — and, after 
 a most enlivening 
 campaign, he was 
 elected. He is a 
 most effective and 
 persuasive stump 
 speaker, his words 
 having that clear ring 
 of sentiment and sin- 
 ceritv which makes 
 the dullest ear atten- 
 tive. In Congress, 
 where he served one 
 term, declining to be 
 a candidate for re- 
 nomination, he was 
 one of the ablest of 
 the younger mem- 
 bers. Mr. Hoar has 
 been a member of 
 the Unitarian Club 
 of Boston, a director 
 in the American Uni- 
 tarian Association, 
 and a member of the 
 board of trustees of 
 Phillips Exeter Acad- 
 e m y, being the 
 youngest man who 
 ever served in that 
 office. He was married in 1886 to Miss Caroline 
 Prescott Wood, of Concord, who died in 1891. He 
 has two children, a son and a daughter. Mr. Hoar is 
 now devoting himself to the practice of his profession 
 for which he is most thoroughly equipped both by nature 
 and training. He is regarded as one of the most con- 
 scientious of the younger generation of lawyers, and it 
 is also the belief of his friends that his political career 
 is only temporarily closed. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 51 
 
 HENRY CABOT LODGE, who has acquired na- 
 tional fame as author and as statesman, was born 
 in Boston, May 12, 1850, the son of John Ellerton and 
 Anna Cabot Lodge. Graduating from Harvard Univer- 
 sity in 1871 and from the Law School in 1874, he was 
 admitted to the bar in 1875. He had previously, when 
 but twenty-four years old, accepted the editorship of 
 the " North American Review," retaining this position 
 two years. From 1879 to 1881, he was editor of the 
 " International Re- 
 view." For his the- 
 sis on " The Land 
 Law of the Anglo- 
 Saxons " he received 
 from Har v a r d, in 
 1875, the degree of 
 Ph. D. In 1880, he 
 delivere d, at the 
 Lowell Institute, a 
 course of lectures on 
 the " English Colo- 
 nies of .America," 
 which were subse- 
 quently published by 
 Harper Brothers. 
 .Among Mr. Lodge's 
 other w e 1 1-k n o w n 
 produc t i o n s are: 
 " Life and Letters of 
 (ieorge Cabot" 
 (Boston, 1877); 
 " Lives of Alexander 
 Hamilton, Daniel 
 Webster, and George 
 Washington," in the 
 American Statesman 
 Series ; " Studies in 
 History" (lioston, 
 1884) ; History of 
 Boston, in " Historic 
 
 Cities" (Longmans, London and New York, i8go) ; 
 "Speeches" (Boston, 1891) ; and "Historical and 
 Political Essays" (Boston, 1892). He has edited two 
 series of "Popular Tales" and one volume of selected 
 "Ballads and Lyrics" (Boston, 18S1). He has also 
 edited the works of Alexander Hamilton (nine volumes. 
 New York, 1885). As a historian Mr. Lodge is remark- 
 able for his impartiality. He has also been a frequent 
 contributor to periodical literatute upon a great variety 
 
 HENRY CABOT LODGE 
 
 of subjects. In politics his career has been as brilliant 
 as in letters. His political experience began in 1879, 
 when he was elected to the Massachusetts House of 
 Representatives. He was re-elected the following year. 
 In 1880 he was a delegate to the National Republican 
 Convention, and was an energetic supporter of Garfield. 
 He was chosen as member of the Republican State 
 Committee in the same year, and was its chairman in 
 1883, during the famous campaign in which Butler was 
 
 defeated. Mr. Lodge 
 threw himself into 
 the work and ob- 
 tained for the Repub- 
 licans a victory over 
 the most adroit and 
 successful politician 
 in this country. He 
 was a delegate to the 
 National Republican 
 Convention of 1884, 
 and was one of the 
 leaders of that body. 
 Though not advocat- 
 ing the nomination 
 of Mr. Blaine, he 
 worked strenuous 1 y 
 for the election of 
 the Republican can- 
 didates. He was 
 nominated for Con- 
 gress in 1884, but, 
 failing of election, 
 was re-noni i n a t e d 
 and elected in 18S6, 
 and has since bee+i 
 re-elected three 
 times in succession. 
 His work in Con- 
 gress is familiar to 
 all. In his first ses- 
 sion he became a power on the floor of the House, and 
 by his familiarity with the subjects under discussion, his 
 earnestness of purpose and irrefutable logic, he digni- 
 fied and most worthily illustrated the title, at first 
 intended as a slur, — "the scholar in politics." He is, 
 perhaps, best known as the author of the Federal Elec- 
 tions Bill. He was married, in 1871, to Miss Anna 
 Cabot Davis, daughter of Rear .\dmiral Charles H. 
 Davis, and has two sons and one daughter. 
 
52 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WILLIAM COGSWELL, who represents the 
 Seventh Massachusetts District in Congress, 
 has performed conspicuous service in many fields of 
 acti\ity, having won distinction in war and been prom- 
 inent in the Republican politics of State and nation. 
 He was born in Bradford, Essex County, Aug. 23, 1838, 
 the son of George and Abigail (Parker) Cogswell. 
 Receiving his preliminary education in the schools of 
 Bradford, Atkinson Academy, N. H., Kimball Union 
 Academy, Meriden, 
 N. H., and Phillii;)s 
 Academv, Andover, 
 he entered Dart- 
 mouth College in 
 1855. He did not 
 finish his college 
 course, however, but 
 went to sea before 
 the mast and sailed 
 round the world. On 
 his return he took a 
 course in the Har- 
 \ard Law School, 
 graduating in i860. 
 He at once opened 
 a law office in Salem, 
 and in 1866 he 
 opened another office 
 in Boston, and has 
 remained in active 
 practice u]) to the 
 present time. His 
 military record from 
 April, 1 86 1, to July 
 25, 1865, is one un- 
 broken series of 
 earned pro motion. 
 He was first captain, 
 then lieutenant- 
 colonel and colonel 
 
 of the Second Regiment, Massachusetts \olunteers, and 
 finally brevet brigadier-general, United States Volunteers, 
 and by special order oT the war department he was 
 assigned to the command of the Third Brigade, Third 
 Division, Twentieth .Army Corps. He had two years of 
 service in the .Armv of the Potomac, and two more in 
 the \Vestern Army under Generals Thomas and Sherman. 
 He was commandant of Atlanta while it was helil by the 
 Union troops in the fall of 1864, and he participated in 
 
 WILLIAM COGSWELL 
 
 the famous march from .\tlanta to the sea. He was 
 mayor of Salem in 1867, 1868, and 1869, and again 
 in 1873 and 1874 ; member of the Massachusetts House 
 of Representatives in 1870, 1871, 1881, 1882, and 1883 ; 
 and of the State Senate in 1885 and 1886 ; was depart- 
 ment commander of Massachusetts, Grand Army of the 
 Republic, in 1870, and also on the national staff of the 
 Grand Army : charter member and vice-commander of 
 the Military Order of the Loyal Legion Commandery 
 
 of Massach u s e 1 1 s ; 
 and member of the 
 board of advisers of 
 the Children's Friend 
 and Seamen's Orphan 
 Society, Salem. In 
 1886, (ieneral Cogs- 
 well was elected to 
 Congress, and served 
 on the Committee on 
 Rivers and Harbors. 
 He was re-elected in 
 ^^W 1888, 1890 and 1892. 
 
 ^/^M In the Fifty-second 
 
 Congress he was a 
 member of the Ap- 
 propriations, District 
 of Col u m b i a, and 
 Columbian Exposi- 
 tion committees. As 
 a delegate to the Na- 
 t i o n a 1 Republican 
 Conxention in 1892, 
 he was one of the 
 most ardent and in- 
 fluential of the sup- 
 porters of President 
 Harrison's renomina- 
 tion. (leneral Cogs- 
 well has enjoyed the 
 confide nee of the 
 President, and has been considered in an especial sense 
 as the representative of the administration in Massachu- 
 setts. He has been twice married. His first wife was 
 Emma 'I'horndike, daughter of Thorndike and Emma 
 (Silsby) Proctor, of Haverhill. ( )f this imion were three 
 children : \Mlliam, Emma Silsby, and Sarah Parker 
 Cogswell (deceased). Mrs. Cogswell died April 1,1877. 
 Mr. Cogswell was married again in Salem, De<\ 12, 1881, 
 to I'^-a Maria, daughter of Horatio and Lydia Davis. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 53 
 
 \ 
 
 MOSES TYLER STEVENS, who represents the 
 fifth Massachusetts district in Congress, is one 
 of the heaviest woollen manufacturers in the United 
 States. He is also the first Democrat who was ever 
 chosen to Congress from his district. He was born in 
 North Andover, Essex County, Oct. lo, 1825, the son 
 of Nathaniel and Harriet (Hale) Stevens. He attended 
 the public schools and fitted for college in the Franklin 
 Academy, North Andover, and in Phillips Academy, 
 Andover, from which 
 latter institution he 
 was gradu a t e d in 
 1842. In the fall of 
 the same year he en- 
 tered Da r t m o u t h 
 
 College, but at the • ^ *••--" 
 
 end of the freshman " 
 
 year he left his col- ..••,-■ 
 
 legiate course to en- 
 gage in business with ,-. 
 his father, who had 
 been manufacturing 
 flannels since 1813. 
 In 1850 he became 
 a partner in the 
 business, the fir m 
 bein g Nathaniel 
 Stevens & Son. For 
 twenty-si.\ years the 
 firm continued, being 
 dissolved in 1876. 
 Mr. Steven s then 
 began the manufac- 
 ture of ladies' dress 
 goods, and continued 
 in business alo n e 
 until 1 886, when his 
 sons, Nathaniel and 
 Samuel D., were ad- 
 mitted as partners. 
 
 The firm name was then changed to M. T. Stevens & 
 Sons, the house operating mills at North Ando\er, 
 Andover, and Haverhill, Mass., and Franklin, N. H. 
 Mr. Stevens was a member of the lower branch of the 
 Massachusetts Legislature, in 1861, and in 1S6S was 
 elected to the State Senate. In 1890 he was nominated 
 for Congress by the Democrats of the old eighth dis- 
 trict, and though the district was.stronglv Republican 
 and his antagonist was the brilliant Congressman Green- 
 
 MOSES T. STEVENS 
 
 halge, yet Mr. Stevens was elected. He served on the 
 Ways and Means Committee in the Fifty-second Con- 
 gress, and introduced the bill to provide for the placing 
 of wool on the free list. He is the most prominent of 
 the American woollen manufacturers who are in favor 
 of free wool, and his influence has been powerful in 
 developing the sentiment for free raw materials in New 
 England. In 1892 Mr. Stevens was re-elected to Con- 
 gress by an increased majority. He has numerous 
 
 important busine s s 
 interests, being a 
 director of the An- 
 dover National Bank ; 
 a trustee of the An- 
 dover Savings Bank ; 
 ^-. . a director of the 
 
 Merrimac Mutual 
 Fire Insurance Com- 
 pany, and president 
 jite tip of the Stevens Linen 
 
 Work s, Webster, 
 ,\^,j. Mass. Mr. Stevens 
 
 was married in North 
 Ando V e r, May 5 , 
 1853, to Charlotte 
 Emeline, daugh t e r 
 of Isaac and Char- 
 lotte (Ad am) O s- 
 good. Six children 
 are the issue of this 
 marriage : Mary O., 
 Nathaniel, Samuel D., 
 Virginia, Helen, and 
 Moses T. Stevens, Jr. 
 Mr. Stevens's home 
 is in his native town, 
 North Andover. In 
 charitable work of all 
 kinds he has always 
 taken an active in- 
 terest, having established several years ago, on the 
 shores of Cochickewick Lake in North .Andover, a free 
 summer resort for poor people. In religious belief, Mr. 
 Stevens is a L'nitarian, being treasurer and one of the 
 chief supporters of the North Parish Church of North 
 .Andover, — one of the oldest church organizations in 
 New England, — and a prominent member of the L^ni- 
 tarian Club, in the striking and ornate home ot which 
 on Beacon Street he is often seen. 
 
54 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THERE is little doubt that the Bland Silver Bill 
 would have passed the House of Representatives 
 of the Fifty-second Congress had it not been for the 
 determined opposition of the minority of the coinage 
 committee, led by the representative from the ninth 
 Massachusetts district, George Fred Williams. He was 
 born in Dedham, Mass., July lo, 1852, the son of George 
 W. and Henrietta (Rice) Williams. On his father's side 
 he is of German and French descent, while his mother 
 belonged to an old 
 New England family. 
 His early education 
 was obtained in pri- 
 vate schools and at 
 the Dedham High 
 School, w here he 
 jirepared for college. 
 He entered Dart- 
 mouth in 1868, but 
 at the end of his 
 freshman year he 
 w e n t to Germany, 
 studying in Hamburg 
 for six months and 
 spending a year at 
 the universities of 
 Heidelberg and Ber- 
 lin. He made up the 
 college studies of the 
 sophomore and 
 junior years, re- 
 e n t ered Dartmouth 
 and graduated with 
 his class in 1872. 
 The following winter 
 he taught school in 
 West Brewster, Mass., 
 and in the spring and 
 summer of 1873 was 
 a reporter o n t h e 
 
 staff of the Boston Globe. Having taken a course at 
 the Boston University Law School, he was admitted to 
 the bar in 1875. His practice has grown to be large and 
 remunerative. He edited " Massachusetts Citations," 
 and volumes ten to seventeen of the "Annual United 
 States Digest " for Little, Brown & Co. Mr. Williams's 
 active political life began in 1882, and in the following 
 year he organized the Norfolk Republican Club, one of 
 the largest jiolitical clubs in the State. Joining the 
 
 GEORGE FRED WILLIAMS 
 
 Lidejiendent movement upon the nomination of Mr. 
 Blaine in 1884, he was one of the Committee on Resolu- 
 tions at the Independent convention held at New York, 
 and was an active member of the Massachusetts Com- 
 mittee of One Hundred, and chairman of its Executive 
 Committee. On account of his activity in that campaign, 
 Mr. Williams has often been called " the original mug- 
 wump." In 18S6, he was elected to the Massachusetts 
 House of Representatives as a Democrat, and was one 
 
 of the ablest mem- 
 bers of that b o d y. 
 After a spirited cam- 
 paign, he was elected 
 to Congress, in 1890, 
 from the ninth dis- 
 trict, succeeding a 
 -wMjj^^ Reiniblican. His 
 
 ^H^^^ valuable services on 
 
 ^^^K the coinage com- 
 
 "'^ mittee of the House 
 
 and his courageous 
 fight against the free 
 coinage of silver 
 brought him into 
 national prominence. 
 The Massachusetts 
 Reform Club, of 
 which he has been a 
 member for several 
 years, honored him 
 with a banquet in 
 April, 1892, in recog- 
 nition of his congres- 
 sional labors. He 
 has been secretary 
 of the Dartmouth 
 Alumni Association 
 of Boston and is 
 president of the 
 Dartmouth Club of 
 Boston. In 1 886, he delivered the Fourth of July ora- 
 tion in Boston by invitation of the city, and in 1889 he 
 delivered an address before the faculty and students of 
 Dartmouth College on the centenary anniversary of the 
 inauguration of Washington. Mr. Williams was renom- 
 nated for Congress, in 1892, but the State having been 
 redistricted, he found himself in an overwhelmingly 
 Republican district, and was defeated. He is unmar- 
 ried, and lives in Dedham. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 55 
 
 CONGRESSMAN JOSEPH HENRY WALKER 
 was born in Boston, Dec. 21, 1829, the son of 
 Joseph and Hannah Chapin ^\'alker. The family moved 
 to Hopkinton in 1830, and in 1843 to Worcester. Mr. 
 Walker was educated in the public schools of Hopkin- 
 ton and Worcester, but left the Worcester High School 
 at the age of sixteen. His father was then engaged in 
 the manufacture of boots and shoes, and Joseph worked 
 in the factory. In 1851 he was admitted to the firm 
 and until 1887 con- 
 tinued in the busi- 
 ness, though not 
 associated with his 
 father after 1862. 
 In 1862 Mr. Walker 
 began manufacturing 
 on his own account, 
 and in 1864 took 
 his brother, G. M. 
 Walker, into partner- 
 ship. Their specialty 
 was the "Walker 
 boot," which had a 
 wide reputation. 
 The firm name, J. H. 
 and G. M. Walker, 
 was retained until 
 the dissolut ion in 
 1888, though G. M. 
 Walker retire d i n 
 1870. Mr. Walker 
 still retains his in- 
 terest in the large 
 leather house of the 
 Walker, Oakley Com- 
 pany, of Chicago. 
 While his education 
 did not extend be- 
 yond the public 
 schools, Mr. Walker 
 
 has always been a close student of books and of men ; 
 is a ready and eloquent speaker, and writes in a clear 
 and forcible style. He has spoken and written exten- 
 sively on questions of trade, banking, and coinage, and 
 published, through Houghton, Mifflin &: Co., a mono- 
 graph on "Money, Trade, and Banking," which attained 
 a wide circulation. He served in the Common Council 
 of Worcester twice, being president of the board in 
 1869. In 1879 and 1880 he was a member of the Mas- 
 
 JOSEPH H. WALKER 
 
 sachusetts State Legislature. He served on the famous 
 Retrenchment Committee in 1879, was chairman of the 
 Public Service Committee in 1880, and in the same year 
 was a strong candidate for the speakership. He has 
 been president of the Worcester Board of Trade, chair- 
 man of the Committee on Foreign Trade and Exports 
 of the National Hide and Leather Association, and 
 vice-president of the New England Shoe and Leather 
 Association. Mr. Walker was elected to the Fifty-first 
 
 Congress from the 
 tenth Massachusetts 
 district in 1888, and 
 was re-elected in 
 1890, and again in 
 1892, — the last time 
 from the third dis- 
 trict, which contains 
 the old tenth dis- 
 trict. In the Fiftv- 
 first Congress he 
 made a reputation 
 for himself by his 
 attitude on the siher 
 question, and by a 
 firm advocacy of 
 sound business prin- 
 ciples in financ: i a 1 
 legislation. He is a 
 \igorous and logical 
 debater. Worcester 
 Academy owes much 
 of its present pres- 
 tige to the generosity 
 of J. H. Walker. 
 He not only gave 
 liberally and induced 
 others to do so, but 
 he gave the insti- 
 tution the benefit of 
 his own business 
 sagacity, and so aided to bring it to a prosperous con- 
 dition. As president of its board of trustees he has 
 devoted much of his time to its welfare. Mr. Walker 
 married, in 1852, Sarah Ellen, daughter of Jubal Har- 
 rington, of AVorcester. She died in 1859, lea\ing one 
 daughter. In 1S62 Mr. Walker married Hannah Kelley 
 Spear, of New Hampton, N. H. They have two sons, 
 Joseph and George, and one daughter, Agnes, wife of 
 Adam D. Claflin, of Newton 
 
^6 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FREDERICK SPAULDING COOLIDGE, of Ash- 
 bnrnham, who represents the eleventh district 
 in Congress, has plaved a most honorable and success- 
 ful part in the political and in the business life of the 
 Commonwealth. He was born in Westminster, Mass., 
 Dec. 7, 1 84 1. His parents were Charles and Nancy 
 Spaulding Coolidge, names prominent in the history of 
 Massachusetts for many generations. Like the majority 
 of men who have pushed their way to an honored place 
 in life, he was reared 
 in a little country 
 town, receiving his 
 educatioTi in the 
 common schools. 
 The liberal education 
 he so desired has 
 been gained through 
 his own untiring in- 
 dustry. He possesses 
 an unusually active 
 mind and a remark- 
 ably retentive mem- 
 ory and a large share 
 of genuine New Eng- 
 land common-sense. 
 He has a clear in- 
 sight into the ques- 
 tions of the day, and 
 Ijresents his views in 
 an able, businesslike 
 manner which carries 
 conviction. Like his 
 father, Mr. Coolidge 
 early engaged in the 
 manufacture of 
 chairs. He remained 
 in Westminster until 
 his factory was 
 burned in 1876. He 
 is now manager of the 
 
 Boston Chair Company, whose works are at Ashburnham, 
 and of the Leominster Rattan Works. Mr. Coolidge 
 has always been a leader in [uiblic affairs, and has held 
 many offices in his native town and in the State. He 
 was selectman of Westminster for three years, and for 
 the same length of time was a member of the Demo- 
 cratic State Central Committee. Mr. Coolidge, was 
 elected to the lower branch of the Massachusetts Legis- 
 lature in 1875, and in 1888 was a candidate for presi- 
 
 FREDERICK S. COOLIDGE 
 
 (lential elector on the Democratic ticket. In 1890 he 
 was elected to the Fifty-second Congress, over two 
 strong candidates, having the honor of being the first 
 Democrat to represent the old eleventh district, which 
 had always been overwhelmingly Reimblican. Mr. Cool- 
 idge was fifty years old the day the Fifty-second Con- 
 gress opened, being the youngest man from his district 
 for many years. In Congress he served on the Com- 
 mittee on Pacific Railroads, and on the select Committee 
 
 on Irrigation of Arid 
 Lands in the United 
 States. His congres- 
 sional career was 
 highly honorable and 
 won for him the re- 
 spect and admiration 
 of his constituents, 
 without regard to 
 party. He received 
 a unanimous renomi 
 nation, but was de- 
 feated. Mr. Cool- 
 idge has always been 
 a Democrat, but re- 
 spects the opinions 
 of all, and never 
 desires to force his 
 own upon others. 
 Mr. Coolidge was 
 married in 1864 to 
 Ellen D. Allen, of 
 Townshend, Vt. — a 
 woman full of good 
 works, and deeply 
 interested in all phil- 
 anthropic questions 
 of the day. They 
 have had three chil- 
 dren, of whom a son 
 and daughter are 
 now living. The son follows his father's business, and 
 shares also his interest in all jiublic questions ; the daugh- 
 ter has just been graduated from Smith College, in the 
 class of '92. Mr. Coolidge has an excellent knowledge 
 of parliamentary law, and has been many times modera- 
 tor of the town meetings of his town. He is a director 
 of the Wachusett Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and 
 is connected with other commercial and financial inter- 
 ests in Ashburnham and Leominster. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 57 
 
 LAW\^ER and representative, John Crawford Crosby, 
 of the first congressional district, was born in 
 Sheffield, Mass., June 15, 1859 ; w-as educated in the 
 public schools of Pittsfield ; studied law and graduated 
 from the Boston University Law School ; was admitted 
 to the bar and engaged in the practice of law; in 1885 
 was elected a member of the School Committee of 
 Pittsfield, and served six consecutive years in that office ; 
 in 1885 was elected a member of the Massachusetts 
 House of Represen- 
 tatives, and r e- 
 elected in 1886, serv- 
 ing each year on the 
 Committee on Rules 
 and Railroads ; in 
 
 1887 was elected a 
 member of the Mas- 
 sachusetts Senate and 
 ser\ ed pn committees 
 on judiciary, probate 
 and insolvency, 
 and constitutional 
 amendment; in 
 
 1888 was re-elected 
 and served on com- 
 mittees on probate 
 and insolvency and 
 mercantile affairs, 
 being chairman of 
 both comm i 1 1 e e s ; 
 was elected to the 
 Fifty-second Con- 
 gre s s, r e c e i \ i n g 
 12,106 votes. Con- 
 gressman Crosby's 
 speeches on several 
 occasions received 
 high praise e v e n 
 from the opposition 
 press ; his work on 
 
 two important committees, of which he was a member, 
 was wisely performed ; and on the floor of the House 
 he gained a reputation for faithful and valuable service. 
 Mr. Crosby's first speech was on the Military Appropri- 
 ation Bill, against the refusal of the committee to a])pro- 
 priate money for increasing the lighting facilities at 
 West Point. In his next speech, on the Wool and 
 Woollens Bill, he took ground in fa\or of tariff reform 
 and incidentally against the free coinage of silver. In 
 
 JOHN C. CROSBY 
 
 a speech on the Post-office Appropriation Bill, Mr. 
 Crosby opposed the attempt to reduce the amounts 
 l)aid for carrying mail over land grant railroads. He 
 also ad\"ocated an appropriation looking towards free 
 delivery in rural districts. He favored reasonable 
 appropriation for carrying on the postal service, and 
 opposed the River and Harbor Bill. Congressman 
 Crosby introduced more bills and petitions than any 
 other member from Massachusetts. He was present at 
 
 every roll-call. He 
 introduced the Port 
 Hudson Forlorn 
 Hope Medal Bill, 
 providing for govern- 
 ment fulfilment of 
 the promise made by 
 General N. P. Banks ; 
 a bill providing for 
 compensat i n g the 
 Springfield armorers 
 in the matter of back 
 pay, and a bill pro- 
 viding for the con- 
 solidation of third 
 and fourth class mail 
 matter. He intro- 
 duced a bill for put- 
 ting foreign postage 
 stamps on the free 
 list, and a bill pro- 
 viding for the sale of 
 lands in Springfield 
 which had been left 
 to the government 
 by devise, which 
 could not be sold 
 except under special 
 Act of Congress. 
 He introduced sev- 
 eral private pension 
 bills, in cases not covered by the general law. He also 
 introduced a bill providing for military telegraph lines, 
 to connect military posts by underground wires. He 
 was identified with the bills reclassifying and increasing 
 the salaries of letter-carriers and of railway mail clerks. 
 He favored an appropriation for experiments in free 
 delivery of mail in rural districts. Congressman Crosby 
 is a member of the committees on post-offices and post- 
 roads, and on military affairs. 
 
58 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FOREMOST among the judges of the Common- 
 wealth, not alone by reason of his high position, 
 but as well because of a long-recognized merit, stands 
 Walbridge Abner Field, chief justice of the Supreme 
 Judicial Court. Fortunate in the outward circumstances 
 of his birth and breeding, he is the product of a sterling 
 New England ancestry, his father's parents coming from 
 Rhode Island and his mother's from Connecticut. He 
 was born in Springfield, Windsor County, Vt., April 26, 
 1833. That little 
 western Switzerland 
 has bred eminent 
 statesmen, teachers, 
 lawyers, and mer- 
 chants in singular 
 profusion. Re a r e d 
 amid the invigorating 
 influences and stimu- 
 lating charms of such 
 a locality, Mr. Field 
 had the advantages 
 of academic training 
 and collegiate educa- 
 tion. At the age of 
 twenty-two he grad- 
 uated with high 
 honors from Dart- 
 mouth College, and 
 the next two years 
 remained as tutor in : 
 
 that institution. j 
 
 Then, after taking up ' 
 
 the study of law for a 
 time, he returned to 
 Dartmouth to teach 
 mathematics a year, 
 after which he came 
 to Boston to pursue 
 his legal studies at 
 the Harvard Law 
 
 School and in the office of Harvey Jewell. Admitted to 
 the bar in i860, he began practice immediately in Mr. 
 Jewell's office. Here he remained until 1865. Then he 
 was successively assistant United States district attorney 
 for Massachusetts four years, under Richard H. Dana 
 and George S. Hillard, and assistant attorney-general 
 of the United States, under E. Rockwood Hoar, for 
 about one year. Tiring of public station, he resigned in 
 August, 1870, returned to Boston and formed a law 
 
 WALBRIDGE A. FIELD. 
 
 partnership with Mr. Jewell and William Gaston, under 
 the name of Jewell, Gaston & Field. After Mr. Gaston 
 became governor of Massachusetts, Edward O. Shepard 
 was taken into the partnership, and the firm name be- 
 came Jewell, Field & Shepard, and so remained until 
 Governor Long appointed Mr. Field associate justice of 
 the Supreme Judicial Court, in February, 1881. In 1890, 
 upon the resignation of Chief Justice Morton, Governor 
 Brackett appointed Judge Field to the chief justiceship. 
 
 The choice gave uni- 
 versal satisfaction to 
 both bench and bar. 
 Chief Justice Field 
 was a member of the 
 Boston School Board 
 in 1863 and 1S64, 
 and of the Boston 
 Common Council 
 from 1865 until 1867. 
 In 1876, he was de- 
 clared elected to Con- 
 gress from the Third 
 Massachusetts D i s- 
 trict, but the election 
 was contested, and 
 after about one year's 
 service he was un- 
 seated. In 1878 he 
 was again a candidate 
 from the same dis- 
 trict, was elected and 
 served his term with- 
 out contest. In 1869 
 he was married to 
 Eliza E. McLoon, 
 who died in March, 
 1877, and by whom 
 he had two daugh- 
 ters. I n October, 
 1882, he married 
 Frances E., daughter of Hon. Nathan .■\. Farwell, of 
 Rockland, Me. Chief Justice Field was one of the 
 judges who tried the famous Robinson poisoning case 
 in Middlesex County. He has written many important 
 decisions which have established for him an enviable 
 reputation among the judges of the country. His chief 
 characteristics as a judge are profound learning, keen 
 perception, an unbending integrity, and nn unusual 
 degree of fairness. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 59 
 
 WITHOUT the advantages of a collegiate train- 
 ing, by industry, manly endeavor and faithful 
 stewardship in offices of trust and influence, Chief 
 Justice Albert Mason of the Massachusetts Superior 
 Court, has reached a high position in the profession of 
 his choice. Just in the prime of life, with all its 
 gathered and matured forces under complete control, 
 wanting neither the vigor nor the judgment of age, he 
 has come to the foremost rank. The son of Albert T. 
 and Arlina (Orcutt) 
 Mason, he was born 
 in Middleboro, Mass., 
 Nov. 7, 1836. He 
 received such ed- 
 ucation as could be 
 obtained in the com- 
 mon schools of that 
 day, and in Pierce 
 Academy in Middle- 
 boro. Upon the com- 
 pletion of his school- 
 ing, he studied law 
 in the office of Ed- 
 ward L. S h er m a n, 
 at Plymouth, and 
 was admitted to the 
 bar in i860, begin- 
 ning practice in that 
 town. His legal 
 practice was inter- 
 rupted in 1862, ; he 
 entered the Thirty- 
 eighth Massachusetts 
 Regiment as second 
 lieutenant, was pro- 
 moted to the rank of 
 first lieutenant, and 
 subsequently com- 
 missioned captain 
 and assistant quarter- 
 master. Returning to Plymouth at the expiration of his 
 term of service, in 1865, he resumed the practice of his 
 profession. He served as chairman of the Plymouth 
 Board of Selectmen from 1866 to 1874, and was a mem- 
 ber of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 
 1873 and 1874, easily taking rank as an influential and 
 most useful member, and serving on some of the more 
 important committees. In 1874 he opened a law office 
 in Boston with Charles H. Drew, and later in the same 
 
 ALBERT MASON. 
 
 year formed a partnership with Arthur Lord. Subse- 
 quently Benjamin R. Curtis, late judge of the Municipal 
 Court in Boston, was admitted to the firm, which had 
 offices both in Plymouth and in Boston. In July, 1874, 
 Mr. Mason removed his residence to Brookline, where 
 he still lives. In December, 1874, he was appointed on 
 the State Board of Harbor Commissioners, and he con- 
 tinued on the succeeding boards, with various changes 
 of title, till his selection by Governor Long, in February, 
 
 1862, as an associate 
 justice of the Supe- 
 rior Court. From 
 that time until his 
 promotion to the 
 chief justiceship by 
 Governor Brackett, 
 in September, 1890, 
 he filled a place on 
 the bench with ever 
 increasing influence 
 and fame, which 
 have been augmented 
 by the manner in 
 which he has per- 
 formed the duties of 
 his higher office. An 
 earnest lover of work, 
 he spares no pains 
 to be thorough in 
 the investigation of 
 any question s u b- 
 mitted to him. Con- 
 servati v e without 
 being narrow ; inde- 
 pendent without ar- 
 rogance ; with quali- 
 ties of high judicial 
 merit ; calm in tem- 
 perament ; quiet in 
 manner ; pleasant in 
 speech, he possesses a large measure of force and deter- 
 mination. In his rulings, fair but decisive ; in his 
 instruction to the jury, clear and apt, but never volu- 
 minous, he is capable of a long and honorable career. 
 He is admired and respected by the members of the 
 bar, to whom his appointment was a source of great sat- 
 isfaction. Chief Justice Mason was married in Plymouth 
 in 1857, to Lydia F., daughter of Nathan Whiting. By 
 this union there are si.x children. 
 
6o 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 HORACE GRAY, associate justice of the I'nited 
 States Supreme Court, lias been a strilcing figure 
 in the judiciary of Massachusetts for nearly thirty years. 
 He was born in Boston, March 24, 1828, his father being 
 William Gray, a man prominent in Massachusetts. After 
 studying with competent teachers in private schools, Mr. 
 Gray entered Harvard, and graduated in 1845. At that 
 time there was little to indicate that he would attain 
 the prominence he now enjoys as a lawyer and a judge, 
 for he was most 
 deeply interested in 
 the study of natural 
 history. When he 
 graduated from Har- 
 vard he was only six- 
 teen years of age, but 
 a splendid specimen 
 of manhood. He 
 then spent some time 
 travelling in Europe, 
 during which he 
 \' i s i t e d Norway, 
 where he created 
 comment among the 
 rustics, who took him 
 for a representati\ e 
 of American people, 
 and received the idea 
 that the people of 
 this country were all 
 of like stature and 
 physical develop- 
 ment. On his return 
 he entered the Dane 
 Law School, and 
 graduated with the 
 degree of LL. B. He 
 then studied in the 
 law ofifices of William 
 Sohier and John 
 
 Lovell, and showed marked ability in his grasp of the 
 law. Mttr being admitted to the bar in 1S51, he began 
 practice in Boston, and six years later entered into part- 
 nership with Hon. H Rockwood Hoar. In 1854, Mr. 
 Gray was appointed reporter of the Massachusetts Judi- 
 cial Supreme Court, which position he held until 1881. 
 Gray's Official Reports are in every law office. The 
 partnership of Gray and Hoar was dissolved in i860. 
 Mr. Gray was appointed by Governor Andrew a justice 
 
 HORACE GRAY. 
 
 of the Sujireme Court in 1864. His knowledge of the 
 law, clear discernment, and great ability, made liim a 
 prominent figure among his associates ; and when, on 
 the death of Chief Justice C'hapman, in 1873, he was 
 appointed to the latter's ])osition by Governor Washburn, 
 the election was received in all (juarters with favor. Mr. 
 Gray's advancement in his chosen profession has been 
 steady ; honors have come in regular succession, and in 
 every position he has displayed great ability. When he 
 
 was appointed to his 
 present position in 
 Dec. 20, 1881, Mr. 
 Gray was fifty-two 
 years of age and un- 
 married. On June 4, 
 1889, he renounced 
 bachelor life, and was 
 married to Jeanette, 
 daughter of the late 
 Stanley Mathews, 
 who had been one of 
 Mr. Gray's fellow- 
 associates. The wed- 
 ding took place in 
 Washington. As a 
 writer of decisions, 
 Mr. Gray stands pre- 
 eminent among his 
 associates on the 
 same bench, espe- 
 cially as to matters 
 of constitutional law, 
 where general his- 
 torical information is 
 important, and in 
 those which concern 
 ( bartered rights. 
 One of the most 
 famous cases in which 
 Mr. Gray showed 
 wonderful ability was that in which Boston and Lowell 
 were concerned during the war period. In his early 
 manhood, Mr. Gray attended, as a delegate, the first 
 State convention of the Free-soil party in 1848, and was 
 actively associated with Charles Sumner, Charles Francis 
 Adams, Henry A\'ilson, and other prominent men in that 
 movement. Justice Gray has by his dignity, wide ex- 
 ])erience, integrity, and learning, gained a high jilace on 
 the roll of American jurists. 
 

 WOMEN OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
WOMEN OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 As the gates of prejudice have been gradually 
 unbarred to the admission of women, they have 
 thronged into nearly every avenue of modern business 
 and professional activity, and the much-derided dream 
 of " woman's rights " is becoming a reality. In Massa- 
 chusetts, at least, they are using their rights with singular 
 success. Among the women through whose efforts this 
 peaceful revolution has been effected are Mrs. Julia 
 Ward Howe and Mrs. Mary A. Livermore. 
 
 The first named, who, apart from her other labors, has 
 achieved a personal immortality in American letters by 
 her " Battle Hymn of the Republic " and many of her 
 lyrics, has been identified with the cause of woman suf- 
 frage since 1868. As a member of women's congresses, 
 as lecturer, and as contributor to the best periodical 
 literature, she has been for nearly twenty-five years a 
 leader in the woman's movement. Though over three 
 score and ten (she was born in 1819), her pen and voice 
 are still engaged in the work. 
 
 Mrs. Mary A. Livermore is another pioneer in the 
 same reform. Hers has been a long and useful life. 
 Born and bred in Boston, she has given nearly fifty years 
 to public work. She became prominent during the 
 Civil War in connection with sanitary work and hos])ital 
 administration. She is one of the mainstays of the 
 woman suffrage mo\ement, and for many years was 
 president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union 
 of Massachusetts. Her best known book is " My Recol- 
 lections of the War." 
 
 Closely allied with philanthropic work is the medical 
 j)rofession, and many women physicians and surgeons in 
 Boston have demonstrated their fitness for a calling 
 which, imtil a few decades ago, was closed to them. Dr. 
 Susan E. Crocker is one of these women. She graduated 
 from the Woman's Medical College of the New York 
 Infirmary, in 1874, and was subsequently one of the 
 founders of the Lawrence (Mass.) General Hospital, its 
 first physician, and the medical and surgical supervisor 
 of all its departments. Since 1888 she has lived in 
 Boston. She is a member of the Massachusetts Medical 
 Society, the New England Medical Society, and the 
 American Medical Association. 
 
 iJj^Women are not numerous in the legal profession, but 
 there are a few who ha\ e overcome the obstacles and 
 established a successful practice. Miss Alice Parker, a 
 
 native of Lowell, Mass., was admitted to the bar in 
 California, practised there a year, and returned to Massa- 
 chusetts in 1890. She has a general practice in Boston, 
 doing a large amount of probate work. She is a frequent 
 contributor to the newspapers and magazines, and lec- 
 tures on laws concerning women. 
 
 Miss A. M. Lougee is one of the many conspicuous 
 examples in Massachusetts of successful business women. 
 She has been in commercial life since 1868, and has 
 organized a large business for the manufacture and sale 
 of rubber clothing, being at present treasurer and man- 
 ager of the Clifton Manufacturing Company. This 
 company gives employment to about two hundred and 
 fifty persons, and has ten salesmen in its employ. 
 
 The president of the New England Woman's Press 
 Association is Mrs. Estelle M. H. Merrill, who exchanged 
 teaching for journalism and won a wide reputation by 
 her articles in the Boston G/cfie over the /lom de plume 
 of "Jean Kincaid." She has been president of the 
 Wheaton Alumna; Association, and is an active worker 
 in many charitable and other organizations. 
 
 Of the living women singers of Massachusetts, l,illian 
 Nordica is perhaps the most famous. Her debut on the 
 concert stage was made in Boston in 1880, and on the 
 operatic stage in New York, as Margue'rite in " P'aust," 
 three years later. Since 1884, her name has been as 
 familiar in Europe as in America. In ])rivate life she is 
 Mrs. Lillian Norton tiower, her husband having been an 
 aeronaut who lost his life in 1886. Since then she has 
 lived abroad nearly all the time. 
 
 Mary Shaw (Mrs. De Brissac) began her histrionic 
 career at the Boston Museum, and has risen in the 
 dramatic profession solely by the force of her own will 
 and ability. She has supported Fanny Davenport, Mod- 
 jeska, Julia Marlowe, and Helen Barry in leading roles, 
 and the influence of her strong, pure character and her 
 brilliant talents has been widely felt. 
 
 The Durgin sisters — Miss Harriet Thayer and Miss 
 Lyle — have done much valuable work in art. They 
 studied in Paris from 1879 till 1886, and for the last six 
 years have lived in Boston. Thev have both exhibited 
 at the Paris Salon. Miss Lyle Durgin's specialty is por- 
 trait work, in which department of art she has won 
 deserved recognition, while her sister has taken high 
 rank as a water-color painter. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 63 
 
 THE largest church or hall, no matter where it is, is 
 always crowded when Phillips Brooks preaches. 
 On business and on professional men, on student and on 
 laborer, on skeptic and on believer, his hold is equally 
 strong. He once wrote to the secretary of his class at 
 Harvard : " I have no history, no wife, no children, no 
 particular honors, no serious misfortunes, and no ad\ en- 
 tures worth speaking of." Very particular honors, how- 
 ever, have been showered upon him since those words 
 were written, and this 
 is a brief outline of 
 his career : He was 
 born in Boston, Dec. 
 13, 1835, the son of 
 William Gray a n d 
 Mary Ann (Phillips) 
 Brooks. On both 
 the ]jaternal and the 
 maternal side he is 
 descended from 
 Puritan clergvme n , 
 on his father's side 
 from Re\'. John Cot- 
 ton, and on his moth- 
 er's side from t h e 
 Phillips family which 
 founded the two 
 famous I'hiilips 
 academies. His 
 father was for fort\- 
 years a hardware 
 merchant in Boston, 
 and Bishop Brooks 
 is one of four broth- 
 ers ordained to the 
 Episcopal ministry. 
 He was educated at 
 the Boston Latin 
 School and at Har- 
 vard College, which 
 
 he entered at the age of sixteen. After graduation, in 
 1855, he taught a year, and then entered the Protestant 
 F^piscopal Theological Seminary at Alexandria, Va., 
 being ordained in 1859. Becoming rector of the 
 Church of the Advent in Philadelphia, and three years 
 later going to the Church of the Holy Trinity in the 
 same city, he remained there until i86g, when he was 
 called to Trinity Church, Boston. For twenty-two years 
 he was rector of Trinity, and in i8gi was elected bishop 
 
 PHILLIPS BROOKS. 
 
 of the diocese of Massachusetts. He had declined 
 many calls while at Trinity — in 1881 to the Plummer 
 professorship in Har\ard College, and later the office of 
 assistant bishop of Pennsylvania. In 1880, in 1882-83, 
 and again in 1892, he was in England, where his poi)u- 
 larity is as great as in America. He has also extended 
 his travels to India, China, and Japan. Of Bishop 
 Brooks's characteristics as a preacher, the first quality 
 that strikes a hearer is his copiousness. He is like a 
 
 colossal reservoir 
 that seems full almost 
 to bursting. The 
 parting of his lips is 
 like the breaking 
 open of a safety 
 \alve by the seething 
 thoughts and words 
 behind, and out they 
 rush, so hot in their 
 chase the one of the 
 other, that at times 
 they appear to be 
 almost side by side. 
 From the abrupt be- 
 ginning to the abrupt 
 end he simply pours 
 out his words. Great 
 torrents and wa\ es of 
 ajipeal and aspiration 
 and eloquence rise 
 and fall, and whirl 
 and eddy, through- 
 out the church, till 
 they seem to become 
 almost visible a n d 
 tangible and to beat 
 upon the eyes and 
 foreheads of his hear- 
 ers, as they do against 
 their hearts. He 
 wrote his first sermon at the theological school, on " The 
 simplicity that is in Christ," of which he himself says 
 that a classmate criticised it by saying " there was very 
 much simplicity in it, and no Christ." But Bishop 
 Brooks's sermons are full of humanity, broad, tender, and 
 helpful. He has been said by an eminent theologian to 
 occupy a middle ground between Unitarianism and 
 Orthodoxy, and that he thus reaches the ears of both 
 as no other living preacher does. 
 
64 
 
 A/ASSAc//rsErrs of to-day. 
 
 M" 
 
 :)S'r rf:v. john j. Williams, fourth bishop 
 
 and first archbishop of Boston, was born in that 
 city Ajjril 27, 1822. His early education was received 
 in the public schools of Boston, and his classical and 
 ecclesiastical studies were made at Montreal and at 
 St. Sulpice, Paris. He was ordained priest by Bishop 
 Fenwick, in 1843, and immediately entered upon the 
 work of assisting in the care of the spiritual needs of 
 the Catholics of the city and diocese, being stationed at 
 first at the Cathedral, 
 which was then, and 
 up to i860, on Frank- 
 lin Street. In 1852 
 Father \\'illiams took 
 charge of the chapel 
 on Beach Street, 
 where were first gath- 
 ered together, two 
 years before, the 
 Catholic residents 
 of that quarter of 
 the city. During 
 the three years he 
 ministered to this 
 congregation it in- 
 creased so in num- 
 bers as to outgrow 
 the capacity of the 
 chapel and to de- 
 mand a commodious 
 church, its wants in 
 this direction being 
 met by the erection 
 of the first church 
 of St. James, on the 
 lorner of Albany and 
 Har\ard streets, Bos- 
 ton, the site of which 
 is now occupied by 
 the Boston and 
 
 .\lbany Railroad. On Jan. 20, 1855, he became rector 
 of the Cathedral and filled this important office until 
 1857, when he was assigned to the Church of St. James, 
 the charge to the early growth and development of 
 which he had contributed so much. He was vicar- 
 general during the last years of the life of Bishop Fit/,- 
 patrick, was administrator of the diocese during the 
 hitter's extended visit to Euro[)e in search of health, 
 and, Jan. 19, 1866, was appointed coadjutor with right 
 
 JOHN JOSEPH WILLIAMS. 
 
 of succession, l>eing named Bishop of 'i'ripoli in partiluis 
 ill fiiieliiim. Bishop Fitzpatrick died Feb. 13, 1866, and 
 his successor was consecrated bishop of Boston, March 
 II, 1866. In 1875 Boston was elevated to the dignity 
 of a metropolitan see, and on May 2, of that year, Bishop 
 ^^'illiams received the pallium of an archbishop, the 
 ceremony of conferring the same being performed by 
 the late Cardinal McCloskey. The work of the church 
 in Boston has fructified abundantly under the adminis- 
 tration of .Archbishop 
 Williams ; the Cath- 
 olic population has 
 grow n a n il n e w 
 churches ha\e arisen 
 to accommodate the 
 growth. The very 
 year that witnessed 
 the ele\ation of Bos- 
 ton i n t o an arch- 
 bishoiiric also wit- 
 nessed the dedica- 
 tion of the new 
 Cathedral, which was 
 solemnly devoted to 
 Catholic worship 
 Dec. 8, 1875. This 
 marked the practical 
 completion of one of 
 the crowning labors 
 of the archbishop's 
 life, and the impos- 
 ing edifice will always 
 be a monument to 
 his zeal, and an 
 honor to his people 
 and to the city. He 
 has introduced into 
 his archdiocese the 
 Sisters of the Good 
 Shepherd and Little 
 Sisters of the Poor, and the Redemptorist and Oblate 
 Fathers, while he has greatly advanced the interests of 
 the benevolent institutions under his care. Next to 
 the building of the Cathedral, as an evidence of what 
 he has accomplished, stands St. John's Diocesan Semi- 
 nary at Brighton, conducted by the Sulpician Fathers 
 for the preparation of candidates for the priesthood, and 
 which will always honor the memory of its distinguished 
 founder and Boston's present zealous archbishop. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 65 
 
 TWENTY-THREE years of reform and new con- 
 struction in Har\ard University ha\ e been fruitful 
 in educational improvements for the whole country. To 
 Charles William Eliot, its present president, is due a 
 part of the credit for the best two decades of the uni- 
 versity. President Eliot, the son of Samuel Atkins 
 Eliot, a former mayor of Boston and a former treasurer 
 of Harvard University, was born in Boston, March 20, 
 1834, was fitted for college at the Public Latin School, 
 and was graduated at 
 Harvard in 1853. He 
 was a pupil of Profes- 
 sor Benjamin Peirce 
 in mathematics, and 
 of Professor Josiah P. 
 Cooke in chemistry. 
 In 1854 he was ap- 
 pointed tutor in 
 mathematics in Har- 
 vard College, and in - _,.^ 
 1858 assistant pro- 
 fessor of m a t h e- 
 matics and chemis- 
 try. In 1 86 1 he was 
 placed in charge of 
 the chemical depart- 
 ment of the Law- 
 rence S c i e n t i fi c 
 School. His appoint- 
 ment expiring bv 
 limitation in 186 3, 
 he spent the years 
 1863-65 in Europe in 
 the study of advanced 
 chemistry and in the 
 examination of sys- 
 tems of public in- 
 struction in France, 
 Germany, and I'^ng- 
 land, and on his re- 
 turn was appointed professor of analytical chemistry in 
 the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, then first 
 organized as a technical school. At commencement, 
 1868, he was chosen by the alumni of Harvard College 
 a member of the Board of Overseers. In 1868 Rev. Dr. 
 Thomas Hill resigned the presidency of Harvard L'ni- 
 versity, and in 1869 Mr. Eliot was chosen to the ofifice 
 against a vigorous opposition in the Board of Overseers. 
 The most notable change in Harxard College since his 
 
 CHARLES W, ELIOT 
 
 ad\ent is that the elective system has completely su])- 
 planted the old-time curriculum. In the professional 
 departments of the university the standards of admis- 
 sion and graduation have been much advanced. The 
 (Iraduate School in Arts and Sciences has been created. 
 In i86g there were in all deijartments one thousand and 
 fifty students; in 1892, two thousand, nine hundred and 
 sixty-eight, beside about five hundred in the summer 
 courses. The number of professors and other instruc- 
 tors has proportion- 
 ately increased. In 
 1868-69 the gross 
 income proper (apart 
 from gifts and be- 
 quests) was $325,- 
 846.21 ; in 1890-91 
 it was $966,026.50. 
 President Eliot re- 
 cei\ed the degree of 
 LL. D. from Williams 
 and Princeton in 
 1869, and from Yale 
 in 1870. He is a 
 Fellow of the Ameri- 
 can Philosop h i c a 1 
 Society, the Ameri- 
 can A c a d e m y o f 
 Arts and Sciences, 
 and the Massachu- 
 setts Historical 
 Society. Many o c- 
 I asional addresses 
 have been given by 
 him, notably those 
 at_ the first com- 
 mencement of Smith 
 College, at the inaug- 
 uration of Daniel C. 
 (lilman as president 
 of Johns Hopkins 
 I'niversity, at the oijening of the American Museum of 
 Natural History of New York, and before the Phi Beta 
 Kappa Society in Cambridge in 1888. His brief remarks 
 at the Museum were described by Professor Youmans as 
 " having summed up in a few lines the greatest charac- 
 teristics of modern sciences." President I'liot is a 
 frequent speaker at educational gatherings and before 
 literary clubs, and is always a welcome guest at univer- 
 sity dinners. His published works are widely read. 
 
66 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WILLIAMS COLLEGE, one of the leading edu- 
 cational institutions of the State and country 
 and the alma mater of men prominent in the history of 
 the nation, is located at Williamstown, the most north- 
 western town in the State. The college was founded by 
 Colonel Ephraim Williams, who fell in battle at Lake 
 George in 1755, and was chartered in 1793. The in- 
 stitution has grown very rapidly during the adminis- 
 tration of President Carter, and last )'ear had 354 
 students enrolled 
 against 227 in 188 1, 
 while the whole num- 
 ber of graduates is 
 nearly 3,500. The 
 invested funds of 
 the c o 1 1 e g e n o w 
 amount to §835,954, 
 and the annual in- 
 come is $81,128. 
 The total financial 
 gain since President 
 Carter assumed con- 
 trol is $1,000,000, of 
 which nearly $500,- 
 000 is in buildings 
 and land. Franklin 
 Carter, the son of 
 Preser\e Wood and 
 Ruth Wells (Holmes) 
 Carter, was born at 
 Waterbury, Ct., Sept. 
 30, 1837. He was 
 married to Sarah 
 Leavenworth, daugh- 
 ter of Charles I)en- 
 ison Kingsbury, Feb. 
 24, 1863, and four 
 children have been 
 born to them. .K 
 boarding school fur- 
 nished the beginning of President Carter's education, 
 followed later by a course of study at Phillips Academy, 
 Andover, whence he graduated as valedictorian of his 
 class. He entered Yale the same year, 1855, but after 
 remaining two years was compelled to leave on account 
 of ill health. He travelled for three years and entered 
 Williams College in i860, graduating two years later. 
 He was appointed professor of Latin and French in 
 1863, but travelled in Europe for eighteen months 
 
 FRANKLIN CARTER 
 
 before entering upon his duties. In 1872 he was 
 chosen to the chair of German literature at Yale, and 
 occupied the position for nine years, or until he was 
 elected president of Williams College, in 188 1. In 1883 
 President Carter also assumed the duties of a professor- 
 ship in theology. Several colleges have honored him 
 by granting him degrees. He received the degree of A. B. 
 from Williams, 1862 ; A. M. from Dickinson, 1863, Wil- 
 liams, 1865, Yale, 1874; Ph. D. from Williams, 1877, 
 
 and LL. D. from 
 LTnion, 1881. Presi- 
 
 . dent Carter has also 
 
 done considerable 
 work, other than that 
 connected with the 
 colleges, with which 
 he has been asso- 
 ciated. He was 
 president of the Gos- 
 pel Union at New 
 Haven for three 
 years, and chairman 
 of the International 
 Committee of Work 
 for Boys ; is a trustee 
 of Andover Theolog- 
 ical Seminary and of 
 Clarke Institution 
 for Deaf Mutes at 
 Northampton, and 
 Fellow of the Amer- 
 ican Academy. He 
 was also president of 
 the Modern Lan- 
 guage Association of 
 America from 1884 
 to 1886. Dr. Carter 
 has also found time 
 to add not a little to 
 the world of litera- 
 ture, although almost all of it has been done for the maga- 
 zines. Among his articles are "The New Translations of 
 I,aocoon," " Mr. Lettsom's Version of the Middle Ger- 
 man Epic," "Recent Faust Literature," "Science and 
 Poetry," " Bayard Taylor, Posthumous Books," "The Col- 
 lege as Distinguished from the University," " Iphigenie 
 auf Tauris," "A Biography of Mark Hopkins," "Sketch 
 of the Character of Dr. E. S. Bell," "Two Clerman 
 Scholars on one of Goethe's Masquerades." 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TU-DAY. 
 
 67 
 
 AMHERST COLLEGE, which ranks next to Yale 
 and Harvard among the colleges of New England, 
 was established in 182 1 and chartered four years later. 
 It has sixteen buildings, besides the ten fraternity 
 houses for students' use ; a library of sixty thousand 
 volumes, fine laboratories and collections, and a gymna- 
 sium with an athletic field ; three hundred and ninety 
 students and thirty professors. Among its prominent 
 graduates in the ministry have been Henry Ward 
 Beecher, Richard 
 Salter Storrs, Ros- 
 
 well D. Hitchcock, 
 
 and Charles H. Park- 
 hurst. Merrill Ed- 
 ward Gates, Ph. D., 
 LL. D., L. H. D., 
 the sixth president 
 of Amherst College, 
 was born at \\'arsaw, 
 N. Y., April 6, 1848. 
 His father was Hon. 
 Seth M. Gates, a 
 noted anti-slavery 
 member of Congress 
 from 1837 to 1841 ; 
 while his mother was 
 a descendant of Rev. 
 Jonathan Edwa r d s, 
 the celebrated New 
 Pv n g 1 a n d divine. 
 President Gates was 
 married to Mary C. 
 Bishop, daughter of 
 Hon. William S. 
 Bishop, of Roches- 
 ter, N. v., in 1873. 
 They have three 
 children. President 
 Gates was graduated 
 from the University 
 
 of Rochester in 1870, winning highest honors in mathe- 
 matics, Latin and Greek, and the senior English essay, 
 with honorable mention in French and German. His 
 standing was the highest which had ever been attained 
 at the university. On graduation he became principal 
 of the famous old Albany Academy, and under his 
 management the attendance increased from seventy to 
 over three hundred. In 1872, and again in 1886, he 
 spent some time in England; and in 1878-1879 he 
 
 MERRILL E. GATES 
 
 travelled on the Continent and in the Levant for a year. 
 He was president of Rutgers College, at New Brunswick, 
 N. J., from 1882 to 1890. His work in this field was 
 remarkably successful. The course of study was en- 
 riched, the number of students was nearly doubled, the 
 number of professors was increased from fourteen to 
 twenty-three, the income of the college was doubled, 
 new buildings were erected, and the public school sys- 
 tem of the State was permanently connected with the 
 
 State College, the 
 scientific school of 
 Rutgers. Preside n t 
 Gates was also largely 
 instrumental in se- 
 curing the passage 
 of the Ballot Reform 
 Law. In July, 1890, 
 he was elected to 
 the presidency of 
 Oberlin College. 
 While considering 
 this election, he was 
 chosen president of 
 Amherst. The same 
 ability to inspire and 
 direct educational 
 work characterizes 
 h i s administration 
 at Amherst. T h e 
 college is already 
 feeling the effect of 
 his presence in the 
 standard of work 
 maintained, in in- 
 creased endowments, 
 new buildings and 
 greater attendance. 
 Among othe r i m- 
 provements are the 
 revision of the curri- 
 culum, the engagement of several new and strong pro- 
 fessors, instead of tutors, the opening of a thoroughly 
 liberal course in natural science, etc. President Gates 
 is in constant demand as a speaker ; as a writer he con- 
 tributes occasional articles to the magazines and reviews 
 on literary subjects. He is chairman of the United 
 States Board of Indian Commissioners, president of the 
 Mohonk Conference on Indian Affairs, and president 
 of the American Missionary Association. 
 
68 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ON one of the most sightly sjjots about lioston, 
 in the newly born city of Medford, is Tufts Col- 
 lege, which, under the management of President Elmer 
 Hewitt Capen, has made for itself a place among the 
 leading institutions of learning in the country. It was 
 opened in 1854. Rev. Hosea Ballou, 2d, D. D., was the 
 first president, and for over twelve years Rev. Dr. A. A. 
 Miner was at its head. It is well endowed, enjoying the 
 revenue of about one million and a quarter of dollars, 
 and has- upwartls of 
 fifty- three scholar- 
 ships. President 
 Capen was born April 
 5, 1838, in Stough- 
 ton, Norfolk County, 
 Mass. He was the 
 son of Samuel (2d) 
 and .Mmira (Paul) 
 Capen. After a pre- 
 paratory course of 
 study at the Pierce 
 Academy, Midd 1 e- 
 boro, Mass., and at 
 the Green Mountain 
 Liberal Institute, 
 Woodstock, Vt., he 
 entered Tufts Col- 
 lege in 1 85 6 and 
 graduated in i860. 
 In his senior year at 
 college, he was 
 elected to represent 
 St ought on in the 
 lower House of the 
 Massachusetts Legis- 
 lature, where he was 
 the youngest member 
 of that body. A year 
 at the Harvard Law 
 -School followed his 
 
 graduation from 'i'ufts, and after completing his legal 
 studies in the ofifice of Thomas S. Harlow in Boston, he 
 was admitted to the bar in 1863. Mr. Capen immedi- 
 ately began the practice of law. The natural bent of 
 his mind, however, was rather toward theology, and he 
 became interested in religious activities. After a year's 
 ))ractice at the bar, he e.xchanged law for di\ init\' and 
 took a course in theology under Rev. Dr. Chambrc. 
 Ordained to the ministry, Oct. 5, 1865, he was called to 
 
 the (jastorate of the Independent Christian Church at 
 Cdoucester, Mass., which was founded in 1774 by Rev. 
 John Murray. Mr. Capen remained with the Ciloucester 
 church four years, and then accepted a call to a Univer- 
 salist Society at St. Paul, Minn., where he stayed one 
 year. In 1870, he became pastor of the First Universal- 
 ist Church at Providence, R. I. From this pastorate he 
 was called, in 1875, to the presidency of Tufts College, 
 and was inaugurated June 2d of that year. His manage- 
 ment of the college 
 has been signally 
 successful in various 
 directions. Endow- 
 ments and buildings 
 have been added, and 
 tlie number of stu- 
 dents has constantly 
 increased. Since 
 1876, President 
 Capen has been a 
 trustee of the Llni- 
 versalist ( 1 e n e r a 1 
 Convention. He re- 
 ceived the honorary 
 ilegree of doctor of 
 divinity from the St. 
 Lawrence University 
 of New York in 1877. 
 Since 1886 he has 
 li e e n presiilent of 
 the Law and Order 
 1 ,eague of M a s s a - 
 chusetts. He is pres- 
 ident of the Com- 
 mission on Ad- 
 mission 1", xam in a- 
 tions, a body created 
 by the New England 
 colleges, to secure 
 and ])roniote uni- 
 formity in the reipiirements for admission, and in 1888 
 Governor Ames appointed him as member of the State 
 Board of Education. President Capen takes a deep 
 interest in the political affairs of State and nation, and in 
 1889 he was prominent among those suggested for the 
 Republican nomination for governor. He has been twice 
 married, the first time to Letitia H. Mussey, of New 
 London, Conn., and in February, 1877, to Mary ,L., 
 daughter of Oliver Edwards, of Brookline, Mass. 
 
 ELMER. H. CAPEN 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 69 
 
 BOSTON UNIVERSITY, with its seven faculties 
 and more than a thousand students, occupies a 
 most honorable position among the great institutions of 
 learning in America. Founded in 1869, — though its 
 theological department, the oldest Methodist Episcopal 
 Divinity School in this country, was established in 1839, 
 — its growth has been phenomenally rapid. The uni- 
 versity comprises a College of Liberal Arts, a School of 
 Law, a College of Agriculture, a School of Medicine, 
 and a School of All 
 Sciences. Its presi- 
 dent, William Fair- 
 field Warren, is not 
 only one of the pro- 
 foundest theologians 
 and most original 
 philosophical and 
 pedagogical thinkers, 
 but he is also one of 
 the most versatile 
 authors of the day. 
 He was born at Wil- 
 liamsburg, Mass., 
 March 13, 1833, the 
 son of Mather and 
 .\nne M. Warren. 
 Graduated f rom 
 Wesleyan L'niversity 
 in 1853, he was, in 
 1855-56, in charge 
 of a church in An- 
 dover, and from 1856 
 to 1858 studied in 
 Berlin, Halle, and 
 Rome. He trav- 
 elled in Greece, 
 Egypt and Palestine, 
 residing abroad, at 
 different times, more 
 than seven years. 
 
 From 1 86 1 to 1866, he was professor of systematic 
 theology in the Missionsanstalt, Bremen, Germany; 
 from 1866 to 1873, acting president of Boston Theologi- 
 cal Seminary. In the latter year he became first presi- 
 dent of Boston L'niversity, professor of the history 
 of religions, comparative theology, and the philoso- 
 phy of religion, which position he has held to the 
 present time. His writings have been numerous. Six 
 were written and published in the German language. 
 
 WILLIAM F. WARREN 
 
 Of these the more important were : " Anfangsgruende 
 der Logik" (1863) : "Einleitung in die systematische 
 Theologie " (1865); and " \'ersuch einer neuen ency- 
 klopaedischen Einrichtung und Darstellung der theolo- 
 gischen Wissenschaften " (1867). The following are 
 some of his essays and addresses : " De Reprobatione " 
 (1867) ; "Systems of Ministerial Education" (1872) ; 
 "The Christian Consciousness" (1872); "American 
 Infidelity" (1874); "The Taxation of Colleges, 
 
 Churches, and Hos- 
 ]jitals ; Tax Exemp- 
 tion the Road to Tax 
 .\bohtion" (1876) ; 
 " The Gateways to 
 the Learned Profes- 
 sions" (1877J ; "Re- 
 \' i e w of T w e n t y 
 Arguments Em- 
 ployed in Oiiposition 
 to the Opening of 
 the Boston Latin 
 School to Girls" 
 (1877) ; "The Lib- 
 eration of Learning 
 in England " (1878) ; 
 "Joint and Disjoint 
 Education in the 
 Public Schools" 
 
 (1879) ; "Hopeful 
 Symptoms in Medi- 
 cal Education" 
 
 (1880) ; "New Eng- 
 land Theology" 
 (i88i) ; "True Key 
 to Ancient Cos- 
 mology and Mythi- 
 cal Geography" 
 (1882); "Homer's 
 Abode of the Dead " 
 (1883); "All Roads 
 
 Lead to Thule " (i886) : "The Quest of the Perfect 
 Religion" (1887): "The True Celebration of the 
 Four Hundredth Anniversary of the Discovery of 
 America by Columbus" (1888) ; "The Cry of the Soul, 
 a Baccalaureate Address" (1888) ; "The Gates of Sun- 
 rise in Babylonian and Egyptian Mythology" (1889); 
 "Giordano Bruno and Liberty" (1890) ; "The Mastery 
 of Destinv " (1892). His other works are nmnerous. 
 President ^Varren married, in 1861, Harriet M. Merrick. 
 
^o 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 REV. MICHAEL A. O'KANE, S. J., president of the 
 College of the Holy Cross, was born in County 
 Clare, Ireland, July 12, 1849. When he was but three 
 months old his parents tame to America anil settled in 
 Spencer, Mass., where he received his early education. 
 After passing through the public schools, including the 
 High School of Spencer, he entered Holy Cross College 
 in 1865, the year of its formal incorporation. In the 
 third year of his college course, July, 1867, Michael 
 O'Kane became a 
 member of the So- 
 ciety of Jesus, and 
 left Holy Cross to 
 pursue the philosoph- 
 ical and theologi- 
 cal studies required 
 by the order, at 
 Woodstock College, 
 Md. Here he spent 
 nine years, and on 
 completing his 
 course, in 1876, was 
 made professor of 
 classics in George- 
 town College. He 
 remained at George- 
 town six years, hold- 
 ing in turn the pro- 
 fessorships of classics 
 and of philosophy. 
 Then for four years 
 \\i was prefect of 
 studies at George- 
 town, and for two 
 years vice-president 
 of the college. In 
 August, 1887, he was 
 made rector and 
 master of novices in 
 the Novitiate at 
 
 Frederick, Md., the home of the Jesuits. This posi- 
 tion he held for two years, and then, in 1889, was 
 transferred to Worcester to become president of the 
 College of the Holy Cross. The college was founded by 
 Bisho]) Fenwick in 1843, and was incorporated in 1865. 
 It provides a classical and scientific education for youth 
 of the Catholic church. For a number of years after its 
 establishment, degrees were conferred on its graduates 
 by Georgetown College, the State of Massachusetts refus- 
 
 MICHAEL A. O'KANE 
 
 ing it a charter. In 1865, largely by the influence of 
 Governor Andrew and Hon. Alexander H. Bullock, a 
 charter was obtained. Father O'Kane found the college 
 with about two hundred and twenty ]:>upils, and in the 
 three years of his administration has seen it grow to 
 over three hundred, and so cramped for room as to be 
 forced to refuse admission to many applicants. Under 
 its original regulations the college received pupils as 
 young as eight years, but this has been changed from 
 
 time to time, and 
 Father O'Kane has 
 recently raised the 
 age of entrance to 
 fourteen. The col- 
 lege has grown in re- 
 sources as well as in 
 numbers under 
 Father O' K a n e' s 
 management. The 
 estate, which includes 
 a well cultivated farm 
 of one hundred and 
 seventy-six acres, in 
 addition to its pleas- 
 ure grounds and 
 buildings, has been 
 greatly improved. 
 A large addition to 
 the main building is 
 now in ])rocess of 
 construction, larger 
 in fact than the old 
 structure. The space 
 thus acquired will be 
 used to relieve the 
 present cramped 
 quarters. In the 
 basement will be a 
 finely equipped gym- 
 nasium with a swim- 
 ming tank. The main floors will be used for the scien- 
 tific department, for class rooms, library and museum, 
 and the upper floor with its ten thousand feet of surface 
 will be cut up into dormitories. Like most college 
 presidents of the present day, Father O'Kane devotes 
 his time to the administration of the great interests com- 
 mitted to his charge, rather than to indi\ idunl teaching. 
 He is greatly beloved by the students, and is equally 
 popular among the parishes of the vicinity. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 71 
 
 ?«*«5.^:!:«»*«^7wa»x»i ' ; .t ^-^--r. . i ■ 
 
 REV. EDWARD IGNATIUS DEVIIT, S. J., the 
 eighth president of Boston College, was born on 
 Dec. 13, 1 84 1. He received his early education in 
 the public schools of his native city, Boston, being a 
 Franklin medal scholar from the Eliot School for the 
 year 1854. After graduating from the English High 
 School he entered the College of the Holy Cross, at 
 Worcester, Mass. After devoting several years to the 
 study of Latin and Greek, he left the college without 
 being graduated, and 
 entered the Society 
 of Jesus in 1859. 
 He spent the cus- 
 tomary two years on 
 probation at Fred- 
 erick City, Md., and 
 then devoted himself 
 to a further study of 
 the classics. From 
 1863 to 1869, he 
 taught at Gonzaga 
 College, at Washing- 
 ton, D. C. The next 
 se\en years of his 
 life were spent at 
 the College of the 
 Sacred Heart at 
 W o o d s to ck, M d., 
 three of which he 
 devoted to the study 
 of philosophy and 
 four to the study of 
 theology. He was 
 ordained in 1875 by 
 Most Rev. James 
 R. Bayley, arch- 
 bishop of Baltimore. 
 Having now com- 
 pleted the regular 
 course of studies re- 
 quired by the institute of the society, he returned to 
 Holy Cross College as professor of rhetoric. The next 
 year he lectured on philosophy in the same institution; 
 and in 1879 he was appointed to the chair of philos- 
 ophy at the College of the Sacred Heart, at Woodstock, 
 where he himself had studied, and where even at the 
 present time the Jesuits congregate from all parts of the 
 United States to finish their studies. Here he remained 
 four years. The two succeeding years were spent at 
 
 Georgetown University, where he also lectured on phi- 
 losophy. He then returned to Woodstock to occupy 
 the chair of theology, left vacant by the elevation of 
 the famous Father Mazzella to the rank of cardinal. 
 In 1888 he again returned to the College of the Holy 
 Cross, as professor of philosophy, and in January, 1891, 
 he was appointed president of Boston College to succeed 
 the Rev. Robert Fulton, S. J. The past two years of 
 the Rev. Father Devitt's life have been so closely con- 
 nected with Boston 
 College that it seems 
 only fitting to say a 
 word of that famous 
 institution. It was 
 founded in 1863, but 
 
 Pi 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 1 
 
 EDWARD I DEVITT, 
 
 opened its doors for 
 the first time in Sep- 
 tember, 1864. The 
 Rev. Father Bapst 
 was its first presi- 
 dent. The school 
 opened with about 
 forty pupils, but soon 
 began to grow. Dur- 
 ing the administra- 
 tion of the Rev. 
 Father Fulton, who 
 was appointed to the 
 presidency in 1870, 
 the growth was very 
 rapid, and in 1877 
 the first class was 
 graduated. Every 
 year has marked a 
 large increase in the 
 number of students. 
 .■\t present there are 
 three hundred and 
 sixty in actual attend- 
 ance. This is an 
 increase of fifty over last year. 'I'he institution stands 
 in the first rank among Catholic colleges. Nearly all 
 the younger clergymen of the archdiocese of Boston 
 are graduates of this college, and many of its alumni 
 occupy prominent positions in professional and political 
 life. Father Devitt has successfully devoted himself to 
 the maintenance of the old standard in the study of 
 the ancient languages, and has set about bringing the 
 course of mathematics u]) to the required standard. 
 
MASSAC tfUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE Massachusetts Agricultural College was incor- 
 porated in 1863, under an act passed by the 
 Legislature that same year, by which the State accepted 
 the national grant of three hundred and sixty thousand 
 acres of land donated for that purpose. On May 24, 
 1864, the town of Amherst, having offered superior 
 inducements, was selected by the trustees as the loca- 
 tion of the new institution. To secure the college, the 
 town pledged itself to give $75,000 toward the erection 
 of the buildings, and 
 also to provide a 
 site at a favorable 
 figure. T h e s i t e 
 embraced abo u t 
 three hundred and 
 eighty-four acres, 
 and the original cost 
 of land and build- 
 ings was §43,000. 
 The object of the 
 college is to give a 
 practical and liberal 
 education in each 
 department, and in- 
 struction, both theo- 
 retical and practical, 
 is given in agriculture, 
 horticulture, and also 
 in military tactics, be- 
 sides the regular 
 class-room work. 
 Graduates of the col- 
 lege receive the de- 
 gree of bachelor of 
 science. Henry Hill 
 Goodell, president of 
 the college and the 
 director of its one 
 hundred and eighty 
 students, was born at 
 
 Constantinople, Turkey, May 20, 1839, his parents being 
 Rev. William and Abigail Perkins (Davis) Goodell. He 
 prepared for college at Williston Seminary, graduating 
 in 1858. Four years later he graduated from Amherst. 
 His alma mater conferred upon him the degree of master 
 of arts in 1865, and doctor of laws in 1890. Immediately 
 after his graduation he enlisted in the Union army, and was 
 commissioned a second lieutenant of the Twenty-Fifth 
 Connecticut Volunteers, Aug. 16, 1862, and in April of the 
 
 ^m 
 
 \ 
 
 HENRY H. GOODELL 
 
 following year he was promoted to a first lieutenancy 
 at the battle of Irish Bend. He was subsequently ap- 
 pointed an aide on the staff of Col. G. P. Bissell of 
 the Third Brigade, fourth division of the Nineteenth 
 Army Corps. During his term of service he was engaged 
 in the battles of Irish Bend, Vermilion, the first expe- 
 dition to Port Hudson, siege of Port Hudson, Teche 
 campaign and Donaldsonville, and was one of the volun- 
 teers in the "forlorn hope" called for by General Banks. 
 
 Returning from the 
 war, he was from 
 1864 to 1867 an in- 
 structor at Williston 
 Seminary, resigning 
 to take the chair of 
 modern languages 
 and English litera- 
 ture at the Massa- 
 chusetts Agricultural 
 College, which posi- 
 tion he held until 
 1886, when he was 
 unanimously chosen 
 to the presidency of 
 the institution. 
 President Goodell 
 has shown himself to 
 be peculiarly well 
 fitted for the position 
 which he occupies, 
 and it may be said, 
 without reflection 
 upon the ability of 
 his predecessors in 
 office, that much of 
 the success of the 
 college has been the 
 result o f his well- 
 directed effort. His 
 central idea has been 
 to broaden the sphere of the college, and the ever- 
 increasing enrolment attests his success. President 
 Goodell was elected a director of the Hatch Agricultural 
 Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural 
 College in 1888. He was also a representative in the 
 Legislature of 1885 and 1886. President Goodell was 
 married, Dec. 10, 1873, to Helen E., daughter of John 
 and Sophia (Cook) Stanton, of New Orleans, La. They 
 have two sons. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 71 
 
 WELLESLF.Y COLLEGE, of which Helen A. 
 Shafer is the third and present president, has 
 a strong claim ujion the affections of the women, not 
 only of I\Lassachusetts, but of the whole of America. 
 It has long since more than realized the splendid dream 
 of its founder, Henry F. Durant, and has settled the 
 question once and forever as to whether it is well for 
 women to go to college. Half a century ago, it could 
 be said with truth that " female echication is particularly 
 interesting becau s e 
 it is a perfectly un- 
 tried experi men t," 
 but the existence of 
 such splendid insti- 
 tutions of learn i ng 
 for women as Welles- 
 ley has wiped that 
 reproach from the 
 face of history. The 
 coUeg e of which 
 Miss Shafer is the 
 head became a fac- 
 tor in our ci\ilization 
 when the corner- 
 stone was laid Sept. 
 14, 1871. The 
 founder's ideas were 
 entirely unconv e n- 
 tional. He stipu- 
 lated that men and 
 women should con- 
 stitute the Board of 
 Trustees, but that 
 women should con- 
 stitute the faculty. 
 The most rad i c a 1 
 departure from the 
 conventional rut lies 
 in the fact that 
 there is no marking 
 
 system indicating class rank and honors, the idea being 
 that knowledge should be acquired for itself alone. It 
 is also part of the original platform of AVellesley that 
 the Bible should be recognized as the foundation of all 
 learning. Helen A. Shafer is a native of New Tersey. 
 She graduated at Oberlin College in 1863. From 1865 
 to 1875 she had charge of the mathematical instruction 
 in the Central High School at St. Louis, Mo. From 
 1877 till her election to the presidency at Welleslev, she 
 
 HELEN A. SHAFER. 
 
 was the professor of mathematics at the latter institution. 
 In 1878 she took the degree of master of arts at Ober- 
 lin. Her work in mathematics at St. Louis brought 
 Miss Shafer national renown, and was highly commended 
 by Dr. \Mlliam T. Harris, the eminent educator. As 
 president of the college, Miss Shafer's executive ability 
 has proved no less remarkable than her mathematical 
 attainments, and is attested in the character of the 
 institution o\er which she presides. Holding to the 
 
 Wellesley idea that 
 the college should 
 allow a wide range 
 of elective studies. 
 President Shafer has 
 steadily advanced its 
 intellectual and ethi- 
 cal progress. She 
 is, however, a firm 
 believer in the im- 
 portance of classical 
 and mathematical 
 training. The sys- 
 tem at Wellesley is 
 a judicious mingling 
 of what is good in 
 the systems obtain- 
 ing both in the old 
 and the new world. 
 Prominence is given 
 to instruction by 
 means both of lec- 
 tures and recita- 
 tions. President 
 Shafer is fortu- 
 nate in guiding 
 the destinies of the 
 colleg e at a time 
 when all the desires 
 and predictions of 
 its founder are in 
 process of fulfilment, a condition that is as rare as it is 
 satisfactory. Wellesley is happy in the possession of 
 both an art school and a conservatory of music. The 
 conservatory has arrangements for forty pianos and a 
 pipe organ, with a recital hall for choral classes. The 
 college library contains the entire private library of Mr. 
 Durant, which contained a portion of the famous Rufus 
 Choate collection. It has also been enriched by an 
 endowment from the late Prof. Eben Norton Horsford 
 
74 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 REV. DR. LAURENUS CLARK SEELYE, president 
 of Smith College at Northampton and a promi- 
 nent educator, was born in the town of Bethel, Fairfield 
 County, Conn., Sept. 20, 1837, his parents being Seth 
 and Abigail (Taylor) Seelye. During his boyhood he 
 studied in the public and private schools, taking a pre- 
 paratory course for admission to Union College, which 
 he entered in 1853. He was graduated four years 
 later, but remained to take a postgraduate course, which 
 he finished in a year. 
 He then entered 
 Andover Theological 
 Seminary and stud- 
 ied for two years in 
 the junior and mid- 
 dle classes. Leaving 
 Andover, he went to 
 Europe, and for 
 nearly three years 
 travelled on the con- 
 tinent and in Egypt 
 and Palestine. While 
 abroad he spent one 
 winter in the LTniver- 
 sity of Berlin, and 
 one summer in the 
 University of Heidel- 
 berg, after which he 
 returned to his native 
 land. In 1863 he 
 was ordained and 
 installed as pastor of 
 the North Congre- 
 gational Church in 
 Springfield, one of the 
 largest and most rep- 
 resentative churches 
 in the city, and re- 
 mained in this posi- 
 tion for two years, or 
 
 until 1865, when he was called to the chair of rhetoric 
 and English literature at Amherst College, of which his 
 brother, Julius Hawley Seelye, was president at a later 
 date. That position Rev. Dr. Seelye occupied until 
 1873, when he was unanimously chosen as the first 
 president of Smith College, an institution for the higher 
 education of women, which was chartered in 187 1 and 
 located at Northampton. It is on account of his con- 
 nection with this college, of which he is still the head. 
 
 LAURENUS CLARK SEELYE. 
 
 that he is best and most widely known, although he was 
 generally recognized as an able and progressive teacher 
 when a member of the faculty at .Amherst. His present 
 field, however, has given him a broader scope for his 
 abilities, and he has ever been alert to grasp every 
 opportunity, when offered, or to make one, when miss- 
 ing. The first college building was dedicated in July, 
 1875, with appropriate addresses by Governor Gaston, 
 Professor W. S. Tyler, D. D., LL. D., President Seelye, and 
 
 Rev. Dr. A. P. Pea- 
 body. The college 
 was opened for the 
 reception of pupils 
 in the following Sep- 
 tember, and under 
 the able administra- 
 tion of its president 
 the number of pupils 
 has grown from four- 
 teen to seven hun- 
 dred, while it has 
 happened more than 
 once, in the last few 
 years, that the de- 
 «■ ' mand for admission 
 
 has taxed the insti- 
 tution to its utmost. 
 He has in truth fol- 
 lowed the wish of 
 the founder, that the 
 college should grant 
 a degree as high as 
 that of any college 
 or university in the 
 country, and Smith 
 College stands to-day 
 the peer of the high- 
 est. With his other 
 duties he has also 
 found time to write 
 some articles on Celtic Hterature that were published in 
 Putnam's and Scribner's magazines, besides several 
 addresses upon educational themes. He married Hen- 
 rietta, daughter of Lyman and Harriet Chapin, of Albany, 
 N. Y., in November, 1863, and they have six children 
 living. Both in the educational and the theological 
 work of his life. President Seelye has shown evidences 
 of wide culture, his mind having been broadened by 
 extensive travel and profound research. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 75 
 
 GRANVILLE STANLEY HALL, president of Clark 
 University, is the son of Granville Bascom and 
 Abby Beals Hall, and was born in Ashfield, Mass., in 
 1846. He prepared for college at Sanderson Academy 
 in Ashfield and at Willeston Seminary, Kasthampton, and 
 then entered Williams College, where he was graduated 
 in the class of 1867. After five years of study in 
 European universities, he began his career as a teacher 
 at Antioch College, Ohio. He went from .^ntioch to 
 Harvard, where he 
 was instructor in 
 English until 1877. 
 He then went to 
 Johns Hopkins Uni- 
 versity at Baltimore, 
 and held the profes- 
 sorship of psychology 
 there when called to 
 the presidency of 
 Clark LTniversity in 
 Worcester. While in 
 Baltimore he founded 
 the American Journal 
 of Psychology in 
 1887, of which he 
 still continues to be 
 the editor. When 
 Jonas G. Clark con- 
 ceived the idea of 
 establishing an insti- 
 tution for advanced 
 study and individual 
 research, and called 
 to his assistance the 
 gentlemen who 
 formed the board of 
 trustees, the unani- 
 mous choice of Dr. 
 Hall as president of 
 the new university 
 
 was commended by the educational world. Dr. Hall 
 accepted the position in 1888, and spent the next ten 
 months in the study of the educational systems of 
 Europe. The result of his investigations was embodied 
 in the courses of Clark LTniversity, which was opened in 
 1889. The institution fills a unique position as an edu- 
 cational institution, supplying opportunities for research 
 in abstract science such as no other institution in the 
 world gives. Its methods are largely the creation of 
 
 GRANVILLE STANLEY HALL. 
 
 Dr. Hall, and have been directed by him from the start. 
 Dr. Hall received the degree of master of arts at Wil- 
 liams College in 1870; that of doctor of philosophy at 
 Harvard in 187S ; that of doctor of laws at the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan in 1888, and again at Williams in 
 1889. Since his incumbency of the presidency of Clark 
 University, Dr. Hall has inaugurated the Pedagogical 
 Seminary, the first number of which appeared in 1891. 
 He continues to be its editor. Dr. Hall is a frequent 
 
 contributor to scien- 
 tific publications, and 
 has published a num- 
 ber of extended 
 works in his depart- 
 ment of psychology. 
 .Among his publica- 
 tions are : " The Per- 
 ception of Color," in 
 the Proceedings of 
 the American Acad- 
 emy of Arts and 
 Sciences ; " Hegel : 
 His Followers and 
 Critics," in Journal 
 of Speculative Phi- 
 losophy ; " Children's 
 Lies" and "Dermal 
 Sensitiveness to 
 Gradual Pressure 
 Changes," in Ameri- 
 can Journal of Psy- 
 chology ; " A Sand 
 Pile," in Scribner's ; 
 " Laura Bridgman," 
 "The Muscular Per- 
 "ception of Space," 
 " Reaction, Time and 
 Attention in the 
 Hypnotic State," 
 " Studies of Rhythm," 
 in Mind; "Contents of Children's Minds," "Moral and 
 Religious Training of Children," and "The Education 
 of the Will;" "Philosophy in the L'nited States;" 
 "New Departure in Education." More extended publi- 
 cations in book form are : "Aspects of German Culture," 
 "Methods of Teaching History," "How to Teach Read- 
 ing, and What to Read in Schools." Dr. Hall married 
 in Berlin, in 1880, Cornelia, daughter of James and 
 Julia Fisher. Mrs. Hall died in 1890, leaving one son. 
 
76 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 SAMUEL DALTON, adjutant-general of the State 
 of Massachusetts, is a veteran soldier who entered 
 the service at a time when men were most needed by 
 the country, and who has steadily advanced to a fore- 
 most place in the military life of the Commonwealth. 
 He has always been interested in military matters, and 
 was identified with the troops of the State before, dur- 
 ing, and since the War of the Rebellion. He brought 
 to the office he now holds, a knowledge and an expe- 
 rience which have 
 been of great benefit 
 to the military or- 
 ganization of Massa- 
 chusetts, and which 
 have given him a 
 reputation second to 
 none among the 
 efficient adjutant- 
 generals of the coun- 
 try. He was born 
 at Salem, Essex 
 County, June 25, 
 1840, his parents 
 being Joseph A. and 
 Mary Dalton. His 
 father served during 
 the Civil War as 
 lieutenant-colonel of 
 the Forty-ninth 
 Massachusetts Infan- 
 try Volunteers, while 
 his brother, J. Frank 
 Dalton, served in 
 the na\y, and was 
 subsequen 1 1 y c o m- 
 mander of the Sec- 
 ond Corps of Cadets 
 of Salem. Ceneral 
 Dalton's early edu- 
 cation was received 
 
 at the public schools of Salem, where he also attended 
 the classical and high schools, from which he graduated 
 in 1856. He then entered the establishment of his 
 father, gaining an acquaintance with the leather busi- 
 ness. He subsequently came to Boston as clerk in the 
 house of Gore Brothers, and was afterwards engaged as 
 salesman by E. B. Hull & Co. At a very early age he had 
 a special interest in military work, and in 1858 enlisted 
 in the Salem Cadets. He was a member of this organiza- 
 
 SAMUEL DALTON 
 
 tion at the outbreak of the war. In 1861 he enlisted 
 in the Fourteenth Massachusetts Volunteers (afterwards 
 known as the First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery), and 
 was soon appointed sergeant. Feb. 15, 1862, he was 
 commissioned second lieutenant, and on June 7 of the 
 same year was promoted to a first lieutenancy, in which 
 grade he was mustered out of the United States service, 
 after a full term of three years. He then resumed 
 business in Boston, under the firm name of Nichols & 
 
 Dalton. April 6, 
 1866, he re-enlisted 
 in the Salem Cadets 
 as capta in of his 
 old company. In 
 May, 1874, he was 
 elected major of the 
 corps, and in March, 
 1877, lieutenant- 
 colonel. In 1 88 1 
 Covernor Long ap- 
 l)o i n t e d him i n- 
 spector of ordnance, 
 wit h the rank of 
 colonel, and in Jan- 
 uary, 1883, he was 
 ajjpo inted to his 
 present position, 
 with rank as briga- 
 dier-general, by 
 Coveror Butler. 
 Governor Robin- 
 son advanced him to 
 the rank of major- 
 general. In addi- 
 tion to his responsi- 
 ble position of 
 adj ut ant-general, 
 which he has filled 
 for ten years with 
 such credit, he is 
 also inspector-general, quartermaster-general, and pay- 
 master-general. General Dalton was married in .Salem, 
 March g, 1863, to Hannah F., daughter of W. F. and 
 Abigail Nichols, of Salem. His family consists of a 
 daughter and a son, Edith B. and R. Osborn Dalton. 
 L-nder his direction the State militia has steadily 
 increased in numbers and efficiency, and is now com- 
 posed of two brigades and of two corps of cadets, 
 unattached. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 77 
 
 B RKIADIER-GENERAL BENJAMIN F. BRIDGES, 
 commanding the First Brigade, Massachusetts 
 Volunteer MiKtia, was born in Deerfield, Mass., April 
 30, 1836. He comes of a family noted for its mental 
 and physical vigor. His boyhood years were passed in 
 working on his father's farm and in attending school in 
 the winter. His military career began at the age of 
 fifteen, when he enlisted in the Tenth Massachusetts 
 Infantry, in which he served until 1857. In November, 
 187 1, Company H, 
 Second Regiment 
 Infantry, Massachu- 
 setts Volunteer Mil- 
 itia, was organized 
 at South Deerfield, 
 and Mr. Bridges re- 
 ceived a commission 
 as first lieutenant. 
 March 15, 1875, he 
 was elected captain ; 
 Aug. 3, 1876, pro- 
 moted major ; Ian. 
 25, 1879, elected 
 lieutenant-colonel ; 
 in the following Aug- 
 ust, elected colonel, 
 and Jan. 5, 1889, 
 elected brigadier- 
 general, command- 
 ing the First Brigade. 
 General Bridges is a 
 thorough disciiilina- 
 r i a n, but p o [ui 1 a r 
 alike with officers and 
 men. He has done 
 much to increase the 
 efficiency and im- 
 pro\e the soldierly 
 ipialities of the bri- 
 gade. He had suc- 
 ceeded in raising the Second Regiment from a six- 
 company to a twelve-company regiment, and under his 
 administration the organization steadily improved, until 
 it took a prominent position among the best regiments 
 in the State service. The same ability has character- 
 ized his command of the brigade. In the military ser- 
 \ice, to which he has given so much time and in which 
 he has had so long an experience, he is an indefatigable 
 worker. In company with General Dalton he \isited 
 
 BENJAMIN F. BRIDGES 
 
 the Pennsylvania troops when they were encamped at 
 Homestead in 1892, in order that the experience there 
 gained might be utilized for the benefit of the Massachu- 
 setts militia. This visit was followed by important 
 recommendations in General Bridges's annual report. 
 His whole administration has been marked by great 
 ]irogress, each annual encampment showing decided 
 impro\ ement over the preceding one. The general, who 
 is an able tactician, personally conducts the drills of his 
 
 command in brigade 
 movements. Re- 
 turning to his civil 
 career, it may be 
 said that after leav- 
 ing school, when 
 aliout twenty years 
 old, he went West, 
 where he remained 
 se\ eral years. O n 
 his return to Massa- 
 chusetts, he entered 
 mercantile life, asso- 
 ciating himself, in 
 1868, with B. R. 
 Hamilton in t ii e 
 manufacture of pock- 
 et-books at South 
 Deerfield. As the 
 financial manager of 
 the firm of Hamilton 
 iV Bridges, he made 
 the Ijusiness a suc- 
 cess. On withdraw- 
 ing from that firm, 
 he was the originator 
 and head of-the 
 house of James B. 
 Bridges & Co., of 
 South Deerfield, the 
 firm doing now an 
 extensive business in flour and feed and farming imple- 
 ments. With his townspeople, neighbors, and friends. 
 General Bridges is more than popular. He is the nat- 
 ural leader of any public-spirited work in the town 
 which needs to be pushed to the front, and his purse is 
 always open to the wants of the deserving poor. He 
 was married, in 1859, to Hattie R. Eaton. She died 
 manv vears ago. General Bridges was married to Miss 
 Jennie E. Taylor, Jan. 8, 1866. 
 
78 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 BRIGADIER-GENERAL BENJAMIN F. PEACH, 
 Jr., commanding the Second Brigade, Massachu- 
 setts Volunteer MiUtia, was born in Marblehead, Mass., 
 in October, 1838, and was educated in the public schools 
 of that town. At an early age he learned the business 
 of shoe manufacture, residing in Marblehead until the 
 outbreak of the Rebellion, and at its close locating in 
 Lynn. He continued in the shoe business until 1879, 
 when he was elected city treasurer and collector of taxes 
 of Lynn. He was, in 
 nearly every instance, 
 u n a n i m o u s 1 y re- 
 elected for six suc- 
 cessive years, retiring 
 in August, 1885, to 
 accept the appoint- 
 ment of United States 
 pension agent, tend- 
 ered him by Presi- 
 dent Cleveland. 
 During his term of 
 office he disbursed 
 many millions of 
 dollars to the pen- 
 sioners of his district, 
 to the satisfaction of 
 the government and 
 of the people. In 
 1889, he became 
 assistant treasurer 
 and assistant general 
 manager of the 
 Thomson- Houston 
 Electric Compa n y, 
 and on its consolida- 
 tion with the Edison 
 (leneral Electric 
 Company, he was 
 elected assistant 
 treasurer of the con- 
 solidated organization, which is the largest electric com- 
 pany in the world. He still holds this position. He is 
 also a member of the board of trustees of the Thomson- 
 Houston Securities, and is connected with various elec- 
 trical manufacturing, railway and lighting companies. 
 General Peach is likewise trustee of one of the funds of 
 the city of Lynn. He has been repeatedly urged to 
 accept the nomination for Congress from his district, 
 but has always declined the honor. He is a member of 
 
 BENJAMIN F. PEACH. 
 
 Post 5, G. A. R. ; a companion of the first class of the 
 Military Order of the Loyal Legion ; a member of Mt. 
 Carmel Lodge, F. and A. M., and a member of the 
 Oxford Club of Lynn. Early in youth he became inter- 
 ested in the militia of the Commonwealth, and in 1854 
 enlisted in Company C, Fifth Regiment, which became 
 in 1855 Company C, Sixth Regiment of Infantry, which 
 company the following year was transferred to the Eighth 
 Infantry. He was promoted sergeant in 1857, and first 
 
 sergeant in May, 
 1858, which position 
 he held in April, 1 861, 
 when he responded 
 to the call of the 
 President for troops. 
 His company was 
 the first to enter 
 Faneuil Hall on the 
 morning of the mem- 
 orable i6th of 
 April, 1861. In 
 March, 1862, he was 
 promoted first lieu- 
 tenant ; in Septem- 
 ber, 1862, adjutant; 
 in February, 1863, 
 detailed acting assis- 
 tant adjutant-general, 
 and in July, 1864, 
 promoted colonel. 
 After the expiration 
 of his term of service 
 he remained in com- 
 mand of the Eighth 
 Regiment of Militia 
 until February, 1882, 
 when he was com- 
 missioned brigadier- 
 general. General 
 Peach is one of the 
 most experienced ofBcers in the State, a man of sound 
 judgment, and one to be relied on with perfect confidence 
 at all times. He is looked upon as a perfect soldier, 
 and is very popular in his command and throughout the 
 entire State force. Always exacting in the performance 
 of duty, and yet e\er watchful of the interests and wel- 
 fare of his troops, he is an officer of the best type. 
 General Peach was married in 1870 to Miss Adelaide L., 
 daughter of Colonel F. J. Coffin, of Newburyport. 
 

 X 
 O 
 
GREATNESS in cities in America is too otten associated with jirodigious commercial activity, miles of business 
 blocks, fine new sixteen-story buildings, the ceaseless strife of toiling thousands, and other features of a 
 "boom." Rome was not built in a day; nor has the greatness of any city of ancient or modern times been 
 due to its mere material achievements, piled fast one upon another. In cities, as in men, there is a far higher 
 and a nobler attribute of greatness, — the impress they make upon the thought, welfare, and progress of the nation 
 of which they form a part. Athens was (Ireece, Rome was the Em])ire, London is England, Paris is France, and 
 in a narrower but no less truthful sense, Boston is the I'nited States. Her greatness is all her own : it never 
 can be taken from her, never surpassed or imitated. New York might disajji^ear in a night, and Chicago might 
 sink into the waters of Lake Michigan, but another and a greater New York, and a new Chicago, bigger and 
 more forceful, would rise, as if by magic, from the ruins. Boston, on the contrary, never could be replaced ; she 
 is of the nation, and the nation is of her. 
 
 A recent visitor, when asked with what he was most forcibly imi}ressed in Boston, replied, first, the repose 
 and the delightful domestic atmosphere with which the people, as a rule, are surrounded ; second, the ability to 
 enjoy themselves by the pursuit of some chosen object other than mere business ; third, their pronounced suscep- 
 tibility to new impressions. This observer had tasted the life of Boston in its true flavor, the life whose real spirit 
 may be breathed only at the firesides, and which cultivates the perfection of man, woman, and child in all that 
 pertains to advanced civilization. Those who have never breathed this rarefied atmosphere wonder whence comes 
 the stimulus which by its example supplies the impetus to intellectual pursuits in all parts of the LTnion, which 
 gives birth to an enlightened public opinion, whose voice never speaks excejjt on the side of right and justice, 
 and which keeps alive and spreads abroad the idea of nationality, whose message is patriotism and whose key- 
 note is jirogress. 'l"he east wind, a codfish diet, and other innocent fictions of newspaper wags are habitually 
 cited as contrilniting causes of the intellectual supremacy of the Boston peo])le, but only those to the manner 
 born, as it were, know how terribly earnest, and what largess of self-impro\ement accomjianies it, is the pursuit 
 of knowledge for its own sake 1 .\ kindred aim has opened up a vast field of study and discussion on all 
 topics relating to religion and science, woman suffrage and socialism, si)eculative philoso])hy and political economy, 
 spiritualism and psychic research, archaeology and astrology, while literature, art, music, and architecture nowhere 
 can claim devotees more ardent and scholarly. The innumerable clubs and societies, which constitute a feature 
 of Boston life in all its relations, have for their motive the acquirement of truth, and that intelligent discussion 
 without which truth never may be attained. Among the trades and professions, the dining clubs which meet on 
 given days are unicjue in that the members listen to the reading of papers bearing upon \arious topics of interest to 
 their callings. Naturally enough, therefore, the material man from another city, who views Boston only from the 
 outside, or from the inside only to his utter discomfiture, is unable to grasp the full meaning of this current of intel- 
 lectual enthusiasm, and when he gets home, gravely declares that Boston is " slow." 
 
 Yet in its commercial, as distinguished from its aesthetic, aspect, Boston still occupies relatively as prominent 
 a iiosition among the cities as she ever did. While it is true that other cities in certain directions are growing 
 more rapidly, yet, in many instances, it is Boston brains and Boston capital and Boston methods which are 
 responsible for their advancement. Chicago owes its remarkable rise to the enterprise of banking houses located 
 within a stone's throw of the Old State House, — their capital built the great railroads which made the now robust 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 8r 
 
 BOSTON CITY HALL. 
 
 young municipality a possibility and supplied her, in the hour of her calamity in 187 1, with the funds wherewith 
 
 to rebuild her all but destroyed city. In other cities, both in the West and in the East, the Boston investor 
 
 stands in the forefront in developing property and otherwise affording opportunities for commercial prosperity. 
 
 By the showing of the clearing houses of tne country, Boston stands second onlv to New York, the business 
 
 transacted amounting to over five billion dollars a year. Life 
 
 insurance, which began in America in Boston, fire insurance, 
 
 publishing, of which there is none more excellent mechani- 
 cally than that done here, and some of the largest and best 
 
 equipped retail stores in the country, are other conspicuous 
 
 features of the business life of the city. Here also are the 
 
 business offices of hundreds of manufacturing industries whose 
 
 l)roducts are made in mills and factories located throughout 
 
 Massachusetts and in the contiguous States, but which are 
 
 sold through Boston, and therefore belong in any computation 
 
 of the city's commercial wealth. The \alue of the imports at 
 
 the port of Boston in 1891 was over §70,000,000: that of 
 
 the exports w'as §81,400,000. 
 
 The latest figures relating to manufacturing and 
 
 mechanical establishments in Boston are those of the State 
 
 census of 18S5, which ga\e the number of establishments as 5,199, and the total capital invested as §144,376,206. 
 
 The increase since then has been steady and large, betokening a substantial 
 growth. 
 
 Boston's maritime commerce, which years ago led the entire country 
 and carried the national flag into every foreign port of any consequence, 
 fell away after the war, when capital sought the quicker and larger returns to 
 be won in manufacturing, vet it is large enough to-day to rank Boston as the 
 second port of entry in the United States. Steamships, most of them flying 
 foreign flags, to be sure, the result of unfavorable legislation at Washington, 
 lea\e her docks for England, Scotland, and France ; and there are lines to 
 dermany, Italy and the Mediterranean, Australia, China, and Japan. There 
 are ten lines of steamers connecting Boston daily and semi-weekly with imjior- 
 taut points north and south on the .Atlantic seaboard. 
 
 The intense lo\e which Bostonians have for the historic landmarks, of 
 which there are so many in the city, is manifested by the determination many 
 times repeated, to keep these sacred institutions and localities intact. That 
 Boston is still true to the traditions of its origin is evident from the reverence 
 and affection shown for the Old State House, the Old .South Church, the 
 Old North Church, the (iranary Burial-ground, and the other relics of "Old 
 Boston." ( )f their history the youth of Boston never become weary. How- 
 e^er, the "march of improvement" may be seen in any of the older parts of 
 the city where the old-fashioned substantiality of last-century architecture 
 contrasts forcibly with the loftier and more elaborate structure of the prevail- 
 ing architectural types. These ancient Imildings, together with the narrow 
 and winding streets and the byways and isolated corners of the down-town 
 districts, never will lose their interest for the true Bostonian. 
 The parks and the pleasure grounds, than which none are planned or conducted on a more intelligent 
 
 system, enjoyed for their improvement and extension in the three years, 1889-90-91, the munificent sum of 
 
 $2,433,555. The common schools and the high schools, with an enrolment in 1891 of over seventy-two thousand 
 
 pupils between five and fifteen years of age, and supported by a fund of §2,120,546 raised by taxation, need no 
 
 STATUE OF LEIF ERICSON. 
 
82 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 encomiums passed upon them here ; their high standard is a matter of common knowledge. The public 
 
 institutions of the city for the sick, the infirm, and the blind ; the comprehensive system of public and private 
 
 charities, which handles the difficult jiroblems in its jjeculiar field with a rare 
 
 humanity and a wise discrimination ; the noble work of education performed 
 by the Public Library; the improved methods of sanitation and street cleaning, 
 and the singular jjurity of the city government, against which no breath of 
 scandal can be raised, all testify to the superior \ irtues of Boston as a well- 
 regulated munici|iality, free from the evils so apt to creep into communities 
 thickly settled. The notable improvement in transportation facilities, made 
 in spite of obstacles placed in their way by the topography of the down- 
 town district, reflects much credit upon the West End Street Railway Com- 
 pany, the extent of whose business may be judged from the company's 
 showing for the year ending Sejit. 30, 1892. From this it appeared that the 
 number of passengers carried in twebe months was 126,201,781 : the miles run 
 numbered 17,498,660; the miles operated numbered 263 1-2, of which 148 
 were equipped with electricity ; anil the number of cars employed was 2,554, 
 of which 1,028 were electric cars; the earnings were 56,317,205; the 
 expenses, 84,477,783. 
 
 The population of Boston, liy the federal census of 1890, was 448,477, 
 a gain since 1885 of 58,084; the total population of the city and its suburbs 
 was 680,421, or 30.39 per cent of the entire population of the State, (^f 
 Boston's population 260,000 are .American born, 70,000 Irish, 35,000 Canadian, 
 10,000 (lerman, and 3,000 Italian. The aliens who arrived from transatlantic 
 
 ports in the year ending Sept. 30, 1891, numbered 32,808; from the British Provinces, 21,983. Of the former 
 
 11,515 were Irish, 7,633 were English, 4,092 were Swedes, and 3,479 ^^'ere Russians. 
 
 COLUMBUS STATUE. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 83 
 
 IN the hands of Nathan Matthews, Jr., have been 
 entrusted, for three consecutive years, the municipal 
 interests of Boston. For two years he has given the 
 city such an administration as will, in many respects, 
 serve as a standard for future mayors. A native of the 
 city whose affairs he manages with such ability, he is a 
 scion of sturdy Cape Cod stock. He was born March 
 28, 1854. Having obtained his prejiaratory education 
 in public and private schools, he entered Harvard and 
 graduated with math- 
 ematical honors in 
 1875. From Cam- 
 bridge he went to 
 the University of 
 Leipsic for two years, 
 devoting his atten- 
 tion chiefly to politi- 
 cal economy and 
 jurisprudence. Re- 
 turning to Boston, 
 he studied two years 
 in the Harvard Law 
 School, and in 1880 
 was admitted to the 
 bar. For ten years 
 he followed his pro- 
 fession with great 
 success, his practice 
 during the latter por- 
 tion of that period 
 being largely in the 
 line of building cases 
 and trusts. In equity 
 cases he is an ad- 
 mitted authority. 
 He has also contrib- 
 uted valuable articles 
 on economical and 
 financial que s t i o n s 
 to the leading re- 
 views. In charge of large trust funds, he secured an 
 enormous clientele, and there is probably no man in 
 Boston better acquainted than he with real estate 
 matters. By natural ability, no less than by long train- 
 ing, Mr. Matthews was eminently fitted to perform the 
 duties of mayor, and his election in 1890 by a heavy 
 majoritv meant to those who knew him that business 
 principles of the soundest (piality would govern his 
 administration. His re-election in 1S91, by the largest 
 
 NATHAN MATTHEWS, JR. 
 
 majority ever given to any candidate for political office 
 in the city, showed that he had amply fulfilled the e.xpec- 
 tations that had been entertained of him. His second 
 re-election in 1892, was a further indorsement of the 
 reforms which he has introduced into the city govern- 
 ment. In all the great questions which ha\e agitated 
 the public, as well as in all the details of administration. 
 Mayor Matthews has shown himself the master of the 
 situation. He has created and led public sentiment, 
 
 not followed it. A 
 public man of such 
 force of character 
 cannot help antago- 
 nizing some inter- 
 ests and individ- 
 uals, but none of his 
 opponents ever ac- 
 cused him of lacking 
 either integrity or 
 ability. He has 
 done more than any 
 other one man, ex- 
 cepting Governor 
 Russell and Cieneral 
 Collins, to broaden 
 and strengthen the 
 Democratic party in 
 city and State. He 
 was one of the origi- 
 nal members of the 
 Young Men's Demo- 
 cratic Club of Mas- 
 sachusetts ; in 1888 
 he was a member of 
 the Democratic State 
 Committee; in 1889, 
 chairman of the 
 Democratic State 
 Convention ; in 1890, 
 chairman of the 
 executive committee of the Democratic State Com- 
 mittee; in 1892, delegate to the National Democratic 
 Convention, where he was an ardent and influential 
 worker in Cle\eland's interests. He is a member of the 
 .American Statistical Society, of the New Elngland His- 
 toric Genealogical Society, of the Boston Athletic Asso- 
 ciation, of the Union Boat Club, and of many other 
 clubs and societies. In 1884 he married Miss Ellen B. 
 Sargent. They ha\ e two children. 
 
84 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DA\. 
 
 TH K Associated Hoard of Trade of Boston is jirol)- 
 ably the best representati\e body among business 
 associations in this country. Founded upon a new idea, 
 it has, during the few years of its existence, so demon- 
 strated its practicability as to have become now the 
 exemplar of the newer boards of trade throughout the 
 country. The Boston Associated Board of Trade is not 
 a promiscuo\is grouping of business men coming together 
 as indixiduals, but is made u]3 of delegates of the various 
 regularly organized 
 trade associations in 
 the city, these repre- 
 sentatives being duly 
 elected by their vari- 
 ous organizations, 
 and attending the 
 Associated Board of 
 Trade meetings to 
 speak and act, not 
 only for themselves, 
 but as voicing the 
 wishes of the associa- 
 tions which send 
 them. Thus, when 
 the members of the 
 Associate d Board 
 of Trade make a 
 decision, their action 
 is at once of im])or- 
 tance in forming 
 commercial and legis- 
 lative opinion. When 
 a man attains to the 
 highest office in such 
 an association, it can 
 be said of him that 
 he occupies an esti- 
 mable place among 
 business men. That 
 position is now held 
 
 by Jerome Jones, whose life is an instance of substantial 
 mercantile success. He was born in Athol, Worcester 
 County, Oct. 13, 1837. He is the youngest son of the 
 late Theodore and Mania (Estabrook) Jones, and 
 grandson of Rev. Joseph Kstal)rook, the second minister 
 of Athol, and a noted clergyman in his time. He was 
 educated in Athol, and when a mere lad entered as a 
 clerk the country store of (loddard & Ward, in Orange, 
 Mass. In 1853, he was apprenticed to Otis Norcross & 
 
 JEROME JONES. 
 
 Co., of Boston, then the leading importers of crockery 
 in the United States, and in 1861, when but twenty- 
 three years of age, he was admitted as a partner. In 
 1865, Mr. Jones began as European buyer for the firm. 
 When, in 1867, Otis Norcross was elected mayor of 
 lioston, and retired from business, the firm name became 
 Howlanil iS: Jones, and when, in T871, Ichabod Howland 
 died, the firm assumed its present form of Jones, Mc- 
 Duffee & Stratton. In June of the present year, Mr. 
 
 Jones completed his 
 thirty-ninth year of 
 continuous service 
 in the widely known 
 house of which he is 
 now the head. Mr. 
 Jones is a Jefferson- 
 ian Democrat and an 
 executive committee- 
 man of the New P^ng- 
 land Tariff Reform 
 League. He is a 
 trustee of Mount 
 Auburn Cemetery ; 
 director in the Third 
 National Bank and 
 the Massachusetts 
 Loan and Trust Com- 
 pany ; vice-president 
 of the Home Savings 
 Bank ; member of 
 the Boston Commer- 
 cial Club, of the ITni- 
 tarian Club, the 
 LTnion Club, and 
 commissioner of the 
 Sinking Fund in 
 Brookline. Mr. 
 Jones is also an 
 active member of 
 that important com- 
 mercial organization, the Boston Merchants' Association. 
 He has been president of the Boston Earthenware Asso- 
 ciation, and of the Worcester Northwest Agricultural 
 Society. Mr. Jones has been twice married. His first 
 wife was Elizabeth R. Wait, of (Ireenfield. Mrs. Jones 
 died July 10, 1878, leaving four children : Theodore, 
 Elizabeth A\'., Mania E., and Helen R. Jones. He was 
 married the second time in February, 1881, to Mrs. Maria 
 E. Dutton, of Boston. His residence is in Brookline. 
 
BOSTOh BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 85 
 
 TH E president of the Boston Chamber of Commerce, 
 until he declined a re-election in October, 1S92, 
 was L. G. Burnham. The career of Mr. Burnham is 
 replete with interest. At the call of the country in 
 1 86 1, he left school (being then in his eighteenth year) 
 and enlisted in Company E of the Forty-eighth Regi- 
 ment, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. Here he served 
 with credit until the term of his company expired. 
 Later he served in Company F, Third Massachusetts 
 Regiment, until it 
 was disbanded at the 
 close of the war. He 
 was next appointed 
 captain and brigade 
 quartermaster on the 
 staff of (General Isaac 
 S. Burrell, Massachu- 
 setts First Brigade. 
 Still later he was ap- 
 pointed captain and 
 provost marshal on 
 the staff of Brigadier- 
 General H o 1) a r t 
 Moore, i n w h i c h 
 capacity he served 
 five years. He was 
 afterwards elected 
 captain of 'I'roop I), 
 First Battalion 
 Cavalry, resigning 
 after two years' ser- 
 vice. If Mr. Burn- 
 ham as a young man 
 became a soldier 
 from a sense of duty, 
 he is to-day a business 
 man from predilec- 
 tion and because his 
 natural gifts fit him 
 for commercial life. 
 
 His business career commenced in 1865, when he 
 entered the service of Batchelder Brothers as clerk. 
 He remained here, working his way up through various 
 positions until 1868, when he entered into partnership 
 with Charles F. Newell, under the firm name of Newell 
 & Burnham, succeeding to the coal business of William 
 Wood & Co., of No. 132 Charles Street. This partner- 
 ship continued until 1871, when, Mr. Newell retiring, 
 the firm assumed its present name of L. G. Burnham cS: 
 
 L. G. BURNHAM 
 
 Co. Mr. Burnham lends material business aid towards 
 keeping Boston warm in winter, his firm supplying more 
 coal than any other retail house in the State. Mr. 
 Burnham was born in the town and county of Essex, 
 Massachusetts, on Aug. 5, 1844. He is the son of Wash- 
 ington and Mary B. Burnham. As a boy he attended 
 the district schools and afterwards the Putnam High 
 School at Newburyport. It was while attending the 
 latter that the note of the war was sounded, and he 
 
 enlisted as a boy 
 soldier. Mr. Burn- 
 ham was formerly 
 president of the 
 Boston Board of 
 Trade. He is a 
 director in various 
 banks, and is inter- 
 ested in many social, 
 business, and chari- 
 table organizations. 
 In politics he is a 
 consistent Republi- 
 can. He was married 
 in 1 881 to Miss May 
 k. Wood, of Lowell, 
 Mass. Mr. Burnham 
 resides in Boston, but 
 owns a pleasant farm 
 in Essex, which he 
 makes his home dur- 
 ing part of the sum- 
 mer season. He is 
 ([uiet and business- 
 like in his demeanor, 
 coming as he does 
 of sterling New Eng- 
 land stock. In the 
 histories of Essex 
 and of Essex County, 
 the name of Burn- 
 ham finds an honored place, and the family record has 
 no more creditable career than that of the ex-president 
 of Boston's Chamber of Commerce. In 1892 he was 
 elected president of the Boston Associated Board of 
 Trade. His place among the business men of Boston 
 is an enviable one, and has not been attained without 
 long and patient endeavor and a strict adherence to 
 those principles of commercial integrity that animate 
 the best element among Boston merchants. 
 
86 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ONE of the first trade organizations formed in 
 Boston for the purpose of bringing together, in a 
 social way, men in the same line of business, and thus 
 ])romoting a spirit of solidarity, was the Paint and Oil 
 Club, of New England, which was organized in 1884. 
 Among the most active of its founders was John I). 
 Morton, who served as its president during the years 
 1886 and 1S87. From this club have come other clubs 
 of the same kind in most of the large cities of the 
 United States, and, 
 later on, the National 
 Paint, Oil, and Var- 
 nish Association, in 
 the formation of 
 which Mr. Morton 
 took an active part, 
 being one of the 
 New England club 
 delegates that 
 brought about its 
 organization. F o 1 - 
 lowing the Paint and 
 Oil Club, other orga- 
 nizations of a similar 
 nature arose, making 
 possible the forma- 
 tion of the Boston 
 Associated Board of 
 Trade, composed of 
 regularly chosen del- 
 egates from twenty 
 trade organizations 
 in the city, thus 
 being perfectly rep- 
 resentative of all the 
 city's business inter- 
 ests. In the creation 
 of the Board of 
 Trade, Mr. Morton 
 was a leading spirit, 
 
 being the one who first suggested the idea of forming 
 such an association. He called the first meeting, which 
 resulted in its organization, served as its first vice-presi- 
 dent, and as chairman of its committee on postal affairs, 
 and helped perhaps more than any other person to 
 secure improved mail service between Boston and New 
 York. Mr. Morton was born in Athol, Mass., Oct. 3, 
 1830, the son of Jeremiah and Olive (Morse) Morton. 
 His great-grandfather, Richard Morton, came from 
 
 JOHN D. MORTON 
 
 Hadley, Mass., and was one of the first seven settlers of 
 Athol. Mr. Morton left school at fifteen years of age 
 and entered a country store in the adjoining town of 
 Royalston, where he remained for three years, after 
 which he spent a year in school. Then for three years 
 he was in a country store in what is now the town of 
 Putnam, Conn. He came to Boston in 1853 and soon 
 after entered the counting-room of Stimson& Valentine, 
 dealers in ]iaints, oils, and varnishes, remaining with 
 
 this firm until 1859. 
 In 1859 he became 
 
 connected with the 
 
 house of Banker & 
 C arpe nt er, in the 
 same line of business, 
 and was admitted as 
 partner in 1864, the 
 firm name being 
 changed in 1868 to 
 Carpenter, W o o d - 
 ward & Morton, and 
 is now composed of 
 G. O. Carpenter, 
 J. D. Morton, F. H. 
 Newton, and E. A. 
 Rogers. This house 
 is one of the largest 
 in its line in New 
 England, doing a 
 heavy business in the 
 manufacture and im- 
 portation of paints, 
 varnishes, and artist 
 materials. For many 
 years, and until the 
 formation of the lead 
 trust, Mr. Morton was 
 the New England 
 manager of the St. 
 Louis Lead and Oil 
 Company. In 1862 he was married to Miss Maria E. 
 Wesson, daughter of William C. Wesson, of Hardwick, 
 Mass., and granddaughter of the Rev. William B. Wesson, 
 in his day a well-known Massachusetts divine. Mr. Mor- 
 ton resides in Roxbury. Pie has three children ; one of 
 his daughters being the wife of Joseph H. Goodspeed, 
 treasurer of the West End Street Railway C'ompany. Few 
 men in the LTnited States possess a wider knowledge of 
 the ramifications of the paint and oil industry. 
 
BOSTON BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 87 
 
 WIT. LI AM A. FRENCrf, president of the Mas- 
 sachusetts National Bank, is well known in 
 business and financial circles in Boston, where he was 
 born Oct. 17, 1843, being the son of Abrani P'rench, 
 lor many years and until his death the head of the great 
 crockery and glassware house of Abram French & Co. 
 Abram French built up this famous house and made it 
 what it is to-day, the largest dealer in china and glass- 
 ware in New England, if not in the country. William 
 A. French was edu- 
 cated at the Chaun- 
 cy Hall School, 
 then and now a 
 famous institution, 
 and at Harvard Uni- 
 \'ersity, from which 
 he graduated in the 
 class of 1S65. In 
 1867 he entered the 
 house of Abram 
 French & Co., as a 
 member of the firm, 
 and remained there 
 twenty-five years, 
 until the present 
 Abram French Com- 
 pany was incorpor- 
 ated. Mr. French is 
 now president of the 
 Abram French Com- 
 pany and is an active 
 member of the Bos- 
 ton Associated Board 
 of Trade and other 
 organi z a t i o n s. In 
 1884 he was made a 
 director in the Mas- 
 sachusetts National 
 Bank, and on April 
 4, 1887, he was 
 
 elected its president. The Massachusetts Bank was 
 organized March 18, 1784, and commenced business 
 July 5 of that year, being the oldest bank in New 
 England. It was originally composed of wealthy sub- 
 scribers, who fixed the par value of the shares at five 
 hundred dollars, to keep them out of the hands of the 
 people. Its original capital was three hundred thousand 
 dollars, which was reduced in 1786 to one hundred 
 thousand dollars, and then gradually increased until, in 
 
 WILLIAM A. FRENCH 
 
 iSio, it had risen to one million, six hundred thousand 
 dollars, but in 182 1 was reduced to one half that 
 amount, and the par value of the stock reduced from 
 five hundred dollars to two hundred and fifty dollars. 
 When first chartered, the bank purchased the building 
 known in colonial days as the Manufactory House, at 
 the corner of the present Tremont Street and Hamilton 
 Place, for four thousand dollars. The same property 
 to-day is valued at upwards of five million dollars. The 
 
 original building was 
 sold and pulled down 
 in 1806, when the 
 bank removed to No. 
 66 State Street, where 
 it remained for more 
 than sixty years. 
 After the great fire 
 of 1872, the bank 
 removed to Post- 
 Office Square, where 
 it continued until 
 January, 1892, when 
 its business had in- 
 creased to such an 
 extent as to render 
 its removal necessary 
 to more spacious 
 quarters, which are 
 now occupied by it 
 in the Exchange 
 P.uilding, No. 53 
 State Street. The 
 belief which is almost 
 universal, that the 
 fibre paper used by 
 the Government for 
 its notes and bonds 
 is patented, is an 
 erroneous one. 
 There 'is nothing 
 patentable about the idea, for more than fifty years ago 
 the Massachusetts Bank printed its notes on paper 
 through which fibres of red silk were liberally distrib- 
 uted, in much the same manner as is now done in the 
 Government paper, and for the same reason : the pre- 
 vention of counterfeiting. Mr. French married Olivia 
 C, daughter of Oliver S. Chapman, of Canton, Mass. ; 
 they have four children. His residence is in Jamaica 
 Plain. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WILLIAM O. BLANEV, senior member of the 
 firm of Blaney, Brown & Co., is one of the 
 best known business men in the city of Boston, and his 
 name is intimately associated with many of its prominent 
 institutions. He was born in Bristol, Me., on July i6, 
 1841, the son of Arnold and Nancy (Hunter) Blaney. 
 Arnold Blaney was for many years judge of probate of 
 Lincoln County, Maine, and also held many other promi- 
 nent public positions. Mr. Blaney was educated in the 
 public schools of 
 Bristol, and at the 
 Lincoln Academy. 
 In 1864 he came to 
 Boston and entered 
 the employ of Davis 
 & Crosby, flour and 
 grain merchants. He 
 showed early an apti- 
 tude for the voca- 
 tion, and in 1869 
 succeeded to the 
 business of the firm, 
 under the name of 
 W. O. Blaney. This 
 style was maintained 
 for a few years, when 
 it was changed to 
 Crosby & Blaney. 
 In 1879, upon the 
 death of Mr. Crosby, 
 L. S. Brown was ad- 
 mitted to the partner- 
 ship, and the firm 
 has since been known 
 as Blaney, Brown &: 
 Co. This house is 
 to-day probably the 
 largest dealer in and 
 receiver of flour and 
 grain in the city. 
 
 Mr. Blaney has been and is one of the leading members 
 of the Chamber of Commerce. In 1869 he became a 
 member of the Commercial Exchange. In 1879, he 
 was made a director of the exchange and held that office 
 two years. He then served as vice-president and after- 
 ward two terms as president. L^pon the consolidation 
 of the Commercial Exchange and the Produce Exchange, 
 in 18S5, under the name of the Boston Chamber of 
 Commerce, he was appointed chairman of the Com- 
 
 WILLIAM 0. BLANEY 
 
 mittee on Transportation, and afterwards was elected 
 chairman of the Committee on Arbitration. One of 
 the proudest achievements of Mr. Blaney's connection 
 with the Chamber of Commerce was the ultimate suc- 
 cess of his proposition to erect a building for the asso- 
 ciation. In 1888 a committee was appointed to secure 
 a site for a new building, and Mr. Blaney was made 
 chairman of this committee. In the following year he 
 was appointed chairman of the Building Committee, 
 
 and the present 
 magnificent struc- 
 ture, one of the 
 handsomest in New 
 England, was com- 
 menced in April, 
 1890, and completed 
 in February, 1892. 
 There was more or 
 less opposition to the 
 scheme from the 
 start, but Mr. Blaney 
 and his associates 
 overcame this, and 
 the Chamber of 
 Commerce to-day as 
 a body unites in giv- 
 ing to him a large 
 share of the credit 
 for what has proved 
 a wise and needed 
 departure. Mr. 
 Blaney has been for 
 six years a delegate 
 from the Chamber of 
 Commerce to the 
 Associated Board of 
 Trade, and for the 
 past year has held 
 the position of vice- 
 president of the latter 
 body, where he has always taken a deep and lively 
 interest in all questions pertaining to the growth and 
 prosperity of the city, particularly in reference to trans- 
 portation. Western, international, and local. He is a 
 director in the Commercial Bank, and also a member 
 of several business and social clubs. On May 16, 1857, 
 Mr. Blaney was married at Bristol, Me., to Loella E., 
 daughter of William Huston. Their children are Charles 
 C. and Louise Blaney. 
 
BOSTON BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 89 
 
 JONATHAN BIGELOW, merchant and legislator, 
 was l)orn in Conway, Mass., his American ancestry 
 going back to the seventeenth century, when it was 
 represented by John Bigelow, who settled in Watertown 
 in 1632 : and Mr. Bigelow has been present at many 
 happy reunions of the family. He was born Jan. i, 
 1825, and is the oldest of a family of ten children. 
 When nine years of age, he left home to reside with his 
 uncle in Charlestown, who was engaged in the butcher 
 business. On his 
 relative's removal to 
 Brighton, he accom- 
 p a n i e d him and 
 assisted him on the 
 farm. It was here 
 that his predilection 
 for intellectual pur- 
 suits became appar- 
 ent. He attended 
 school during the 
 winter months, and 
 took advantage 
 of every opportunity 
 for the acquisition of 
 knowledge. W hen 
 nineteen years o f 
 age he accepted a 
 position to teach 
 school in Screven 
 County, Central 
 Georgia, sixty miles 
 from Savannah. This 
 was in 1844, and an 
 idea of Southern 
 customs and of slav- 
 ery before the war 
 was thus obtained. 
 Being personally ac- 
 quainted both with 
 Northern and South- 
 ern characteristics, he could impartially judge in refer- 
 ence to the question of slavery. In 1845 he returned 
 North and established a boot and shoe business in Rox- 
 bury. This was successfully carried on for ten years. 
 Mr. Bigelow's desire was, however, to be in a business 
 which would allow him leisure during the evenings, and, 
 as he had studied the produce commission trade, he was 
 well qualified to go into that business. Accordingly, in 
 1857, he established the present business at No. 3 North 
 
 JONATHAN BIGELOW. 
 
 Market Street, removing later to No. 25 North Market 
 Street, and in 1859 to the present site. The business 
 was first known as Perry & Bigelow, then by its present 
 title, Jonathan Bigelow & Co., subsequently as Bigelow, 
 Maynard cS: Magee, then Bigelow & Magee, resuming its 
 present style again in 1865. By the above data it will 
 be seen that Mr. Bigelow has been on North Market 
 Street thirty-five years, and he is one of the very few 
 produce commission merchants who, as an original 
 
 ]iartner, has been on 
 one street that length 
 of time. This is one 
 of the oldest houses 
 in Boston, and has 
 always paid one hun- 
 dred cents on the 
 dollar. Mr. Bigelow 
 is a representative 
 merchant of the 
 Ignited States, re- 
 c e i \- i n g consign- 
 ments from more 
 than thirty of the dif- 
 ferent States, not 
 counting the prov- 
 inces. He is re- 
 spected and es- 
 teemed by all who 
 know him. He was 
 elected to the Leg- 
 islature for 1887 
 from the sixteenth 
 Middlesex represen- 
 tative district, h e 
 being a resident of 
 Watertown. Daring 
 the year he presented 
 three important bills, 
 decidedly advanced 
 in their ideas, viz. : 
 for registration in dentistry ; for giving women who were 
 entitled to vote on school committees a right to vote on 
 the license question ; and for the removal of obstruc- 
 tions to the entrance of gambling rooms. Both on the 
 floor, where Mr. Bigelow showed himself an able speaker, 
 and in committees, where the great bulk of the work is 
 done, he worked for the best interests of the State. He 
 has always had much to do in the Unitarian Church and 
 Sunday School. 
 
90 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WALSTEIN R. CHESTER, president of the Bay 
 State Lumber Dealers' Association, was born 
 in New London, Conn., July i6, 1833. He comes of an 
 old colonial family, many of whose members jslayed 
 prominent and heroic parts in the Revolutionary War, 
 and in the War of 181 2. One of his ancestors was 
 Captain Jason Chester, whose daughter Rebecca wit- 
 nessed the slaughter of American troops by the British 
 at the fort in New I^ondon, when three of her brothers 
 (Mr. Chester's great 
 uncles) were killed. 
 Rebecca afterward 
 married Lieutenant 
 James Chester Reed, 
 who, on account of 
 his love for her, re- 
 signed his commis- 
 sion in the British 
 Army. Their son. 
 Captain James Ches- 
 ter Reed, com- 
 manded the Ameri- 
 can privateer, " Gen- 
 eral Armstrong," in 
 the War of 181 2, and 
 at Fayal avenged the 
 death of his uncles. 
 Mr. Chester's great- 
 grandfather was a 
 paymaster in the 
 Revolutionary W a r. 
 Two of Mr. Ches- 
 ter's brothers in- 
 herited the naval 
 spirit of their ances- 
 tors, one of them, 
 Colby M., being the 
 commandant of the 
 cadets of the United 
 States Naval Acad- 
 emy, and the other having been a lieutenant in the 
 revenue marine service. Their parents were Mehille 
 and Frances (Harris) Chester. Walstein R. t'hester 
 obtained his education at the Bartlett Cram mar School 
 in New London, and later was associated with his father 
 in the lumber Inisiness in that city, remaining there until 
 i860. In 1862 he married Marietta C. Carr, daughter 
 of Henry W. Carr, of Brookline, Mass., and in 1865 
 moved to Brookline, where he has since resided. He 
 
 WALSTEIN R. CHESTER. 
 
 has been in the wholesale lumber business in Boston 
 for the last few years, under the firm name of Walstein 
 R. Chester & Co. Mr. Chester is i)rominently indenti- 
 fied with the lumber interests of New England. He 
 was one of the organizers of the Bay State Lumber 
 Dealers' Association, which has accomplished so much 
 in promoting the welfare of the trade. Mr. Chester is 
 the delegate of the association to the Boston Associated 
 Board of Trade, and also to the Massachusetts Board 
 
 of Trade. He is the 
 Boston representa- 
 tive of many large 
 lumber mills in 
 Maine and Canada. 
 "^ His other business 
 
 interests include a 
 directorship in the 
 Davol Mills of Fall 
 River, and he has 
 also been a director 
 in the Somerset and 
 Johnsonburg Pottery 
 Company of Penn- 
 sylvania, one of the 
 largest concerns of 
 its kind in the State. 
 Mr. Chester has long 
 been prominent in 
 the business affairs 
 of his town, and 
 also in the local and 
 State politics of 
 Massachusetts. For 
 five years he was 
 chairman of the 
 Brookline Republi- 
 can Town Commit- 
 tee, and for about 
 the same length of 
 time was president 
 of the Brookline Republican Club, one of the vigorous 
 political organizations of the State. He is also a mem- 
 ber of the Boston Home Market Club. Mr. Chester 
 has achieved eminent success in his business affairs 
 and is held in the highest esteem by all his associates. 
 He has steadily declined to be a candidate for public 
 office, though nominations have often been proffered to 
 him. Mr. Chester's family consists of his wife and three 
 children, one son and two daughters. 
 
BOSTON BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 91 
 
 EDWARD H. HASKELL, one of the best known 
 men in the jiaper trade of Boston, was born in 
 Gloucester, Oct. 5, 1845, the son of \Villiani H. and 
 Mary (Smith) HaskelL He attended the common and 
 high schools, and, in 1859, took up the profession of 
 journalism in the office of the Gloucester Tflcgraph. 
 On Sept. 28, 1 86 1, he enlisted in Company C, Twenty- 
 third Regiment, Massachusetts ^■oh^lteers. In Decem- 
 ber he was ordered to sjjecial duty with the Signal 
 Corps of the Burn- 
 side expedition. 
 His first engage- 
 ments were at Roan- 
 oke Island, Newbern 
 (where he was 
 slightly wounded), 
 and at Fort Macon. 
 In 1862 he was 
 ordered to the Army 
 of the Potomac, and 
 was soon transferred 
 to the army of Cien- 
 eral Pope in Virginia 
 and participated in 
 the engagements at 
 Cedar Mountain, 
 Kelly's Ford, Rappa- 
 hannock Station, 
 Manassas Junction, 
 and Bull Run. From 
 September, 1862, to 
 August, 1863, he was 
 an instructor in signal 
 service at the Camp 
 of Instruction at 
 Georgetown, D. C, 
 taking part in short 
 campaigns against 
 General Lee's army. 
 In the East Tennes- 
 see campaign of the following winter he was with (ieneral 
 Burnside at the siege of Knoxville, and in June, 1864, he 
 was ordered to report to General Schofield, then with Gen- 
 eral Sherman in Georgia. He was almost continuously 
 under fire at Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, and in the 
 investment of Atlanta. Upon his return to (Tloucester 
 he re-entered the office of the Gloucester Telegraph, 
 which he was forced to leave after two years because of 
 failing health, when he entered mercantile life. In 
 
 EDWARD H. HASKELL 
 
 1875 he became interested in the paper trade, and soon 
 laid the foundation of his present large and successful 
 business. He is also interested in the manufacture of 
 paper of various grades, and is treasurer of the Rumford 
 Falls Paper Company, whose mills are destined to be 
 the leading newspaper mills of the country. His high 
 standing in the trade led to his selection as president of 
 the Boston Paper Trade Association, and he has been, 
 and is, an active member of the Associated Board of 
 
 Trade of Boston. In 
 1877 Colonel Has- 
 kell was elected to 
 the I-egislature from 
 Gloucester, and in 
 tSSo he was ap- 
 jiointed assistant 
 adjutant-general on 
 the staff of Governor 
 Long, and served in 
 that capacity three 
 years. In 1879 he 
 was elected secretary 
 of the Republican 
 State Committee, 
 and rendered valu- 
 able services in that 
 office duri ng four 
 years. In 1880, and 
 also in 1884, he was 
 a delegate to the 
 National Republican 
 Convention in Chi- 
 cago. In 1882, he 
 was elected coun- 
 cillor from the fifth 
 district, and -served 
 with Governor But- 
 ler. Two years later 
 he was the senior 
 member of Governor 
 Robinson's council. As chairman of the Finance Com- 
 mittee of the encampment of the Grand Army of the 
 Republic in Boston, in 1890, Colonel Haskell rendered 
 valuable aid. In the military and in the business circles 
 of the city he is equally popular. Colonel Haskell was 
 married June 27, 1866, to Hattie J., daughter of William 
 and Sarah H. Munsey, who, with their family of one 
 son and two daughters, now reside at their beautiful 
 home in Newton. 
 
92 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE vital importance of medicine in the homes of 
 the people places the wholesale drug trade in the 
 front ranks of commercial and industrial pursuits, apart 
 from the enormous capital invested in it. Boston is the 
 centre of this trade for Massachusetts, and is also the 
 point from which drugs and medicines are distributed 
 throughout New England. It is appropriate, therefore, 
 that this branch of commerce should hold a place in 
 this work, and that its selected representative should be 
 a Bostonian. Mr. 
 Charles A. West, the 
 recipient of this 
 honor, ranks high 
 among druggists, be- 
 ing president of the 
 Boston Druggists' 
 Association and trus- 
 tee of the Massachu- 
 setts College of Phar- 
 macy ; the last named 
 position has been 
 held by him for the 
 past three years. His 
 business house. West 
 & Jenney, Broad 
 Street, corner of 
 Franklin, is young in 
 years, but it controls 
 the greatest import- 
 ing business of any 
 firm in the New Eng- 
 land trade. Mr. West 
 was born in Boston 
 April 4, 1850. After 
 studying in the pub- 
 lic grammar and 
 English High schools 
 he went to work as 
 an oiifice boy in the 
 wholesale drug house 
 
 of Reed, Cutler & Co., now Cutler Bros. & Co., and 
 gradually rose to i)ositions of trust and confidence. In 
 January, 1887, in company with a fellow-salesman, Mr. 
 Bernard Jenney, Jr., he established the firm of which he 
 is now the senior partner. Both members of the firm 
 were popular in the trade, and their new house immedi- 
 ately sprang into astonishing favor. By skilful manage- 
 ment these gentlemen acquired note as importers, and 
 incidentally secured supremacy in the camphor business 
 
 CHARLES A. WEST. 
 
 of New f^ngland. To-day, they own two camphor 
 refineries, a factory for subliming camphor, a phar- 
 maceutical laboratory, and an immense warehouse. 
 They are also among the principal holders of stock in 
 the Dana Sarsaparilla Company, which manufactures a 
 jireparation having a permanent hold upon public favor. 
 Agencies are maintained in every large centre of com- 
 merce in the world. Mr. West is devoted to the exact- 
 ing duties of his large business, and he is pre-eminently 
 
 one of that class of 
 men who have abso- 
 lutely no time for the 
 duties of public life. 
 Consequently, he has 
 never permitted him- 
 self to be led into 
 public affairs, al- 
 though often solici- 
 ted by his friends 
 a n d neighbors, i n 
 the city of his resi- 
 dence, Somerville, 
 the pleasant suburb 
 of Boston. Mr. West 
 is connected with all 
 of the prominent 
 associations of his 
 trade, among which 
 are the National 
 Wholesale Druggists' 
 Association and the 
 American Pharma- 
 ceutical .'Association. 
 Both of these organ- 
 izations have re- 
 ceived benefit from 
 his willing work and 
 ready brain. With 
 his family — a wife 
 and daughter — he 
 occupies a prominent social iiosition in Somerville. He 
 is the president of the most exclusive social organization 
 of that city, the Central Club, whose house is the scene 
 of many pleasant gatherings of ladies and gentlemen 
 during the winter months of each year. As trustee of 
 the public library of Somerville he has done much to 
 increase its usefulness, and he lends his active and ener- 
 getic aid to every movement that contemjilates the bet- 
 terment of the town. 
 
BOSTON BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 93 
 
 THE New England Furniture Exchange is one of the 
 most efficient business men's organizations in the 
 country. It was organized in 1874, at a time when 
 there were a great many faihires in the trade, and when 
 the manufacturers began to see the necessity of check- 
 ing the growth of certain evils. One of the incorpora- 
 
 solved in 1872, since which time Mr. Brown carried on 
 the business alone until July i, 1891, when his son-in- 
 law, Mr. Fred S. Belding, was admitted to the firm. In 
 1875 he moved to No. 87 Union Street, his present loca- 
 tion. Since 1872 the style of the firm has been F. A. 
 Brown & Co. He manufactures fine parlor furniture, 
 
 tors of the exchange in 1879, and its president in i8go and has established one of the most enviable business 
 
 and 1 89 1, is Frank A. Brown. Before his election to 
 the presidency he had been treasurer of the exchange 
 for ten years. He 
 was born in Boston, 
 June I, 1839, the 
 son of Francis and 
 Elizabeth (Herman) 
 Brown. He was 
 educated in the 
 schools of Chelsea, 
 and, at the age of 
 thirteen, went to 
 work as clerk in the 
 Suffolk Bank, Boston. 
 Here he remained 
 ten years, and in 
 1862 enlisted as 
 private in Company 
 G, Fortieth Massa- 
 chusetts Infantry, 
 serving in the Armies 
 of the Potomac, the 
 James and the De- 
 partment of Florida. 
 He was in e v e r \- 
 battle and in four 
 sieges, in which his 
 regiment partici- 
 pated, and was pro- 
 moted to lieutenant. 
 During the whole 
 three years of his 
 field service he never 
 
 lost a day's duty. On returning to Boston, in 1865, he Chelsea, Mass. They have one daughter living, who is 
 became bookkeeper for Woodbury & Gray, furniture married. Mr. Brown has a pleasant home in Newton, 
 manufacturers, and remained with them three years. Mass. He is a most affable gentleman, and is very 
 Then he went to Buckley & Bancroft as salesman for popular in social circles. He is still in the prime of his 
 one year, and in 1869 formed a partnership with Arthur powers, and is one of the best representatives of New 
 McArthur, under the firm name of McArthur & ^Srown. England business character. Mr. Brown has never 
 The firm manufactured parlor furniture, and at first was sought political honors, being engrossed in business, and 
 located on Haverhill Street, moving subsequently to the preferring the quietness of his family and social life to 
 corner of Portland and Travers streets. The firm dis- the turmoil of a political career. 
 
 FRANK A. BROWN. 
 
 reputations in all New England. He is treasurer of the 
 Boston Furniture Club, in which he has taken a promi- 
 nent part since its 
 organization. On all 
 matters relating to 
 the furniture trade 
 Mr. Brown is con- 
 sidered an excellent 
 authority, as he is 
 thoroughly informed. 
 Having been one 
 of the most active 
 members of the 
 New England Fur- 
 niture p; X c h a n g e 
 almost since the day 
 it was formed, he is 
 widely known in the 
 furniture trade of the 
 country. The ex- 
 change includes all 
 the furniture manu- 
 facturers of promi- 
 nence in New Eng- 
 land. Mr. Brown is 
 also a member of the 
 Ancient Order of 
 United Workmen, 
 and of the Royal 
 .\rcanu m . Mr. 
 
 Brown was married, 
 in i860, to Miss 
 Mary E. Lewis, of 
 
94 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FRANK ],. YOUNG, one of the most prominent 
 members of the Boston f5oard of Trade, stands at 
 the head of what is believed to be the largest oil manu- 
 facturing house in the United States. Mr. Young is a 
 native of the neighboring State of Rhode Island, having 
 been born at Slatersville in that State, Nov. 20, 1852. 
 While he was still a child his parents moved to Milford, 
 Mass., and in the schools of that thriving manufacturing 
 town and the neighboring one of Hopedale, Mr. Young 
 received h i s early 
 education. His fam- 
 ily were in humble 
 circumstances, and 
 it is his proud boast 
 to-day, when he is 
 in affluent circum- 
 stances, that it is to 
 New England grit 
 and perse\erance he 
 owes the fact that he 
 was enabled to secure 
 for himself a collegi- 
 ate education. After 
 receiving h i s pre- 
 paratory training in 
 the schools of his 
 own home, he en- 
 tered Brown Univer- 
 sity, from which he 
 was graduated in the 
 class of 1874. On 
 leaving college, he 
 at once devoted him- 
 self to business pur- 
 suits, entering the 
 oil trade, and he is 
 now one of the most 
 widely known and 
 extensive dealers in 
 that commodity in 
 
 this country. Gradually, and without any linancial 
 assistance whatever, he built uj:! his business until it 
 reached the vast proportions which it has assumed at the 
 present time. Mr. Young has extensive dealings with 
 the currier, mill and other trades. He handles also other 
 kindred products besides oils, and owns an immense 
 and well appointed store in Boston, which is said to lie 
 the largest and best equipped of its kind in America. 
 It is located on Purchase Street. He has, in addition to 
 
 FRANK L. YOUNG. 
 
 this store, a factory at South Boston, which covers up- 
 wards of two thirds of an acre of ground in one build- 
 ing, besides a considerable extent of yard room for the 
 storage of his goods. Mr. Young is likewise extensively 
 engaged in the manufacturing and refining business, the 
 products of which he sells in every market throughout 
 the United States, in addition to doing a very large for- 
 eign export trade. His oils have long been known and 
 regarded with favor by dealers for their excellent proper- 
 ties. Associated with 
 him in business, as 
 special partner, i s 
 General \Villiam F. 
 Draper of Hopedale. 
 Mr. Young is very 
 well known and 
 popular among the 
 members of the 
 trade, and among 
 business men gen- 
 erally, as was evi- 
 denced by the fact 
 that he was elected 
 president of the Oil 
 Trade Association, 
 the membership of 
 which practically in- 
 cludes every large 
 dealer in the oil 
 trade in the New 
 England States. He 
 is also a director of 
 several manufactur- 
 ing corporations, as 
 well as a member of 
 the Boston Associ- 
 ated Board of Trade. 
 Mr Young is some- 
 thing of a club man, 
 being connected with 
 the University and other clubs, where his genial nature 
 and good-fellowship have served to make him a general 
 favorite. He exemplifies as perfectly as any business 
 man in Boston that type of strong, self-reliant character 
 which surmounts all obstacles, and, w^ith no aid from 
 external sources, but depending solely on his own pow- 
 ers, achie\ es a most remarkable and thoroughly deserved 
 success. Mr. Young's family consists of his wife, three 
 sons, and a daughter, who reside with him in Boston. 
 
BOSTON BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 95 
 
 A STRIKING feature in the commercial life of 
 Boston within the last ten years has been the 
 removal of barriers that formerly separated men in 
 the same line of business. A competitor was once an 
 enemy, with whom no relations were to be held, and 
 who was not even to be recognized on the street. Busi- 
 ness men, however, have learned the advantages of 
 getting acquainted with their rivals and have found the 
 utility of trade clubs. One of the first of these organi- 
 zations was the Dry- 
 salters' Club of New 
 England, composed 
 of manufacturers and 
 dealers in dyestuffs 
 and chemicals. 'I'his 
 club was formed in 
 March, 1885, by 
 Henry D. Dupee and 
 about a dozen other 
 gentlemen in the 
 same line of business. 
 Mr. Dupee was its 
 first president, and 
 has been four times 
 re-elected to that 
 office. Ever since 
 i t s formation the 
 club has been one of 
 the most influential 
 of the many trade 
 organizations in Bos- 
 ton, having represen- 
 tation in the Associ- 
 ated Board of Trade 
 and in the Executive 
 Business Men's As- 
 sociation. Mr. 
 Dupee is of Hugue- 
 not descent, his an- 
 cestors, the Dupuis 
 
 family, coming to Boston about the year 1700, soon 
 after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. John 
 Dupuis, the first settler of the family in America, was 
 elder of the old Huguenot church in Boston. The 
 spelling of the family name was changed to Dupee, in 
 order to preserve, as far as possible, its French pronun- 
 ciation. Mr. Dupee's paternal great-grandfather was 
 a captain in the Revolutionary War under General 
 Washington, and his maternal great-grandfather was 
 
 HENRY D. DUPEE 
 
 killed at the battle of Bunker Hill. Mr. Dupee was 
 born in Dorchester, June 28, 1848, the son of James A. 
 and Elizabeth (Baldwin) Dupee. His father was a 
 noted Boston banker. After studying in public and 
 private schools, in Roxbury, Brookline, and Boston, he 
 entered the Military Academy at Worcester, and subse- 
 quently went to the old Park Latin School in Boston, 
 where he remained one year. In 1865, having deter- 
 mined to learn the chemical, paint and oil business, he 
 
 went to work for 
 Thayer, Babson & 
 Co., of Kilby Street. 
 He remained three 
 years with this firm, 
 and then went to the 
 Boston Diatite Com- 
 pany, of which, one 
 year later, at the age 
 of twenty-one, h e 
 was made superin- 
 tendent. Severing 
 his connection with 
 this company in 
 1870, he went into 
 business on his own 
 account as broker 
 and commission 
 merchant in dye- 
 stuffs, and in 187 i 
 began, in a small 
 way, the manufacture 
 of colors. His busi- 
 ness developing, he 
 built the factory at 
 \\'alpole, which now 
 covers four acres and 
 is devoted to the 
 m a n u fa c t u r e of a 
 great variety of dye- 
 stuffs and chemicals. 
 It has the reputation of being the best appointed plant 
 of its kind in the country. Mr. Dupee is a trustee of 
 several private estates ; of the Massachusetts Charitable 
 Mechanic Association ; director in several manufac- 
 turing corporations ; and past master of the Lodge of 
 Eleusis, F. and A. M. ; member of St. Bernard Com- 
 mandery. Knights Templars ; of the L^nion, Athletic, 
 and other social clubs. He was married in 1872 to 
 Mary I. .Sumner. They have two children. 
 
96 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE Boston Fruit and Produce Exchange is one of 
 the most efficient and vigorous organizations of 
 business men in the city. It is alive to all the interests 
 of Boston, and its influence has largely helped to secure 
 better transportation facilities between Boston and the 
 West and South. Its president is Charles G. Roberts^ 
 who was born in Lyman, Me., in 1846. He comes of 
 Revolutionary stock on both his father's and mother's 
 side. His paternal and maternal great-grandfathers 
 were both soldiers in 
 the Revolutionary 
 War, and both served 
 with distinction, the 
 former enlisting when 
 he was twenty-one 
 and being in the 
 battle of Bunker 
 Hill. He died at 
 the age of ninety- 
 four. Mr. Roberts's 
 ancestors came from 
 England and settled 
 near Dover, N. H., 
 from where his great- 
 grandfather moved 
 to Lyman, Me., and 
 took a farm, which 
 still remains in the 
 Roberts family. 
 The old house, which 
 was built about 
 ninety years ago, is 
 standing yet, and is 
 now occupied by the 
 fourth generation. 
 Mr. Roberts received 
 his education in the 
 public schools of his 
 native town, and in 
 jjrivate schools. 
 
 When about eighteen years of age he left home and 
 came to Boston, and became connected with X. Boyn- 
 ton & Co., the well-known cotton-duck house. This 
 was in January, 1867. To the experience he received 
 while in the em]jloyment of this house he owes much of 
 his future success. He remained with N. lioynton & 
 Co. four years, and then engaged as salesman for the 
 firm of Bennett, Rand & Co., produce commission 
 merchants. This situation he held for eleven vears, 
 
 CHARLES G. ROBERTS 
 
 being very highly esteemed by his employers and by all 
 his business associates. In 1882 he severed his connec- 
 tion with Bennett, Rand & Co., and formed a partner- 
 ship with Mr. Patch, under the firm name of Patch & 
 Roberts, which relation still continues. The firm has 
 established and maintains a high reputation among the 
 merchants of Boston. They are heavy receivers of 
 butter, eggs, and poultry from the West, as well as being 
 the largest receivers in New England of pineapples 
 
 direct from the 
 grower. The firm's 
 name is known all 
 through the South 
 as solid and safe 
 consignees of fruit 
 and produce. Mr. 
 Roberts is a promi- 
 nent member of the 
 Boston Chamber of 
 Commerce, and is 
 one of the charter 
 members of the Bos- 
 ton Fruit and Pro- 
 duce Exchange, in 
 which he has always 
 been a faithful 
 worker, and of which 
 he was elected pres- 
 ident in January, 
 1892. Mr. Roberts 
 resides in Chelsea, 
 and there he has 
 always taken a lively 
 interest in municipal 
 affairs. He was 
 twice elected to the 
 Common Coimcil of 
 Chelsea, and for 
 three years he served 
 on the B o a r d of 
 Aldermen. In this capacity he brought his excellent 
 business instincts to bear on municiiial matters, and was 
 enabled to serve the city both with honor to himself and 
 with jirofit to his constituents. Mr. Roberts is a charter 
 member of the Commonwealth Lodge of Odd Fellows 
 of Boston, a member of Robert Lash Lodge of Free 
 Masons, the Royal .Arcanum and the Chelsea Review 
 Club. In 1873 he married Miss Serena Ann Morgan, 
 of Surry, Me. They have two children. 
 
BOSTON BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 97 
 
 EISTACE CAREY FITZ has become widely known 
 as one of the most public-spirited and soundest 
 business men in Massachusetts. He is the senior mem- 
 ber of the firm of Fitz, Dana & Co., of Boston, iron 
 and steel merchants, with which firm he has been con- 
 nected for more than a quarter of a century. He is 
 also identified with some of the largest business corpo- 
 rations of the city and .State, and is now a director of 
 the New York and New England Railroad Company, 
 the West End Street 
 Railway C o m p a n y, 
 and president of the 
 Klackstone National 
 Hank of Boston. 
 He was born in 
 Haverhill, Mass., on 
 Feb. 5, 1833, being 
 the son of Jeremiah 
 and Hannah Eaton 
 Fitz. When he was 
 but a year old his 
 parents came to 
 Boston, and in 1841 
 removed to Chelsea. 
 Nearly all his life 
 he has made the 
 latter city his home, 
 and its citizens have 
 repeatedly honored 
 him with positions 
 of high responsibility 
 and trust, all of 
 which he has filled 
 with credit to him- 
 self and his city. 
 He attended the 
 public schools of 
 Chelsea and gradu- 
 ated from the High 
 School. On Jan. 10, 
 
 1856, he was married to Sarah Jane, daughter of Alfred 
 and Margaret C. Blanchard, of Chelsea, and made his 
 home in Cambridge. Three years later he returned to 
 Chelsea. He was elected to the Chelsea Common 
 Council of 1 86 1, and re-elected for two succeeding 
 years, and during those last two terms he was president 
 of that body. He was called from the council to be 
 mayor of the citv, serving as such during the years 1864, 
 1865, and 1866. His services in the city go\ernment 
 
 tUSTACE CARtY FITZ 
 
 of Chelsea were right in the midst of the critical war 
 periotl, when the soundest judgment was demanded. 
 .\s mayor of the city he was a strong supporter of Ciov- 
 ernor Andrew, and did much to keep intact the fair 
 name of Massachusetts. Mr. Fitz contributed liberally 
 of his means for the Union cause. For eighteen years 
 he was a trustee, and most of the time chairman of the 
 Chelsea Public Library, and at the end of that long 
 period, in 18S5, he jiresented to his adopted city a 
 
 handsome, commo- 
 dious library build- 
 ing, costing upwards 
 of ^25,000. The 
 picture accompany- 
 ing this sketch is 
 taken from a life- 
 size portrait of Mr. 
 Fitz, ])ainted by 
 Robert (1. Hardie, 
 on the order of the 
 city of Chelsea, at a 
 cost of §1,200, and 
 which now hangs in 
 the Public Library. 
 The City Council of 
 Chelsea, in 1889, 
 changed the name 
 of the Chelsea Pub- 
 lic Library to the 
 " Fitz Public Library 
 of Chelsea." Mr. 
 Fitz served in the 
 House of Represen- 
 tatives in 1873 ^nd 
 1874, in the Senate 
 in 1875 and 1876, 
 and in the G o \ - 
 ernor's Council in 
 1881 and 1882. He 
 was for five years 
 chairman of the Prison Commissioners. In religion he 
 is a Baptist, and contributed largely to the erection of 
 the Cary A\enue Baptist Church in Chelsea. He is 
 president of the trustees of the Newton Theological 
 Institution, and has been president of both the Boston 
 Merchants' Club and the Boston Board of Trade. Amid 
 the cares of an acti\e business career, Mr. F"itz has 
 found time to devote to those larger public interests 
 that ha\e increased the welfare of his chosen home. 
 
98 
 
 MASSACffUSRTTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WILLIAM WHITMAN, ex-president of the 
 National Association of Wool Manufacturers 
 and treasurer of the Arlington Mills, is an authority 
 upon all economic questions relating to our national 
 commerce and industries. He was born at Annaijolis, 
 N. S., May 9, 1842. He is a descendant in the eighth 
 generation from John \\'hitnian, of \Veymouth, Mass. 
 Before the Revolution his great-grandfather moved to 
 Nova Scotia, where his father, John, married Rebecca 
 Cutler, a descendant 
 of Ebenezer Cutler, 
 one of the most con- 
 s p i c u o u s of the 
 Loyalists who mi- 
 grated from Boston 
 in 1776. William 
 ^^'hitman attended 
 the Annapolis Acad- 
 emy five years, leav- 
 ing school in his 
 eleventh year and 
 going to St. John, 
 N. B., where he ob- 
 tained employment 
 in a dry goods store. 
 Two years later he 
 came to Boston as 
 entry clerk in the 
 wholesale dry goods 
 house of James M. 
 Beebe & Co., with 
 whom he remained 
 until 1867. In that 
 year he became asso- 
 ciated with the firm 
 of Robert M. Bailey 
 & Co., who were 
 interested in the 
 rebuilding of the 
 Arlington Mills, 
 
 which had been destroyed by fire the year before. Mr. 
 Whitman was made the treasurer of the mills in the 
 same year, but in 1869 he resigned this post, purchased 
 a woollen mill in Ashland, N. H., and engaged in the 
 manufacture of flannels. Meanwhile he resumed the 
 treasurership of the Arlington Mills at the urgent solici- 
 tation of the directors, after an interval of but a few 
 months, and he has remained in this position ever 
 since, acting also as the managing director of the mills. 
 
 WILLIAM WHITMAN 
 
 Under his administration the .Arlington Mills have 
 developed until they have become one of the largest 
 establishments manufacturing wool and cotton in the 
 United States, employing three thousand hands, and 
 consuming annually ten million pounds of wool and five 
 thousand bales of cotton. The products of the mills 
 are fine worsted and cotton yarns, and ladies' dress 
 goods in great variety. The dozen buildings of the 
 plant have a floor area of more than twenty acres, and 
 
 are among the finest 
 specimens of mill 
 architecture to be 
 found in the world. 
 The Arlington Mills 
 are a monument to 
 the ability and enter- 
 prise of their direc- 
 tor. In 1887, he be- 
 came a member of 
 the firm of Harding, 
 Colby & Co., of Bos- 
 ton and New York, 
 now Harding, Whit- 
 man & Co. Mr. 
 Whitman married 
 Jane 1). Hallett, Jan. 
 19, 1865, and has 
 four sons and three 
 daughters. He has 
 been prominent in 
 many commercial and 
 social organizations 
 in Boston. A strong 
 Republican and 
 active in the coun- 
 cils of the party, he 
 has declined all polit- 
 ical preferment. 
 His public life has 
 been confined chiefly 
 to economic work in connection with the National 
 Association of Wool Manufacturers, of which he was 
 president from 1884 to 1892. He has devoted much 
 time to promoting the interests of the woollen manufac- 
 ture in the United States, having made a special study 
 of the revenue system. The results of his study have 
 apjieared in the (juarterly bulletin of the association and 
 in separate iHiblications, and have placed him in the 
 front rank among the advocates of the protective policy. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 99 
 
 TH P", law now upon the statute books of Massachu- 
 setts prohibiting the adulteration of food and 
 medicine has jiroved in its practical working a great 
 boon. The earliest advocate of this legislation was 
 Charles Eckley Moody, who in the conduct of his 
 wholesale grocery business, had found daily evidence of 
 the growing danger from adulterated and impure food, 
 and who, sacrificing the temporary gain which might 
 have come from silence, began single-handed the agita- 
 tion which resulted 
 in success. Others 
 had spoken, perhaps, 
 before him, of the 
 increasing practice 
 of adulteration, but 
 Mr. Moody not only 
 talked up the matter 
 among the mer- 
 chants, but carried 
 his ideas to Beacon 
 Hill, urged them 
 upon the law-makers, 
 framed a bill of his 
 own, and finally se- 
 cured the enactment 
 of the law, — both 
 the idea and the lan- 
 guage of which are 
 practically his. The 
 life of Charles Eck- 
 ley Moody, could it 
 be told in all its 
 details here, would 
 be good read- 
 ing for the boys of 
 the present day. 
 Born in Bath, Me., 
 the son of John 
 Minot and Mary 
 (Boynton) Moody, 
 
 he came to Boston to make his own way when he was 
 but fifteen years of age. Two weeks after his arrival 
 here, he obtained employment, unaided, in the store of 
 Silas Peirce & Co., on Elm Street. The same devotion 
 to the work at hand which later found fruition in the 
 contest against impure foods, was characteristic of him 
 as a boy, and after years of appreciated ser\'ice, he was 
 admitted as a member of the firm of -Silas Peirce & Co. 
 Here he continued until 1868, when, withdrawins; from 
 
 the firm, he established the house of Charles E. Moody 
 & Co. on the site where it now stands. No. 77 Com- 
 mercial Street. Of Mr. Moody's business methods and 
 success since then, the standing of his firm to-day is its 
 own report. Mr. Moody, until a few years ago, was 
 interested in the sugar trade, as well as in his own 
 grocery house, and in this connection an incident illus- 
 trative of his business practices may be told. During 
 the last week of each year, Mr. Moody's creditors always 
 
 received letters ask- 
 ing that their bills be 
 submitted at once, 
 these requests by mail 
 being supplemented 
 by personal calls in 
 cases where the cred- 
 itors did not respond 
 promptly. Then on 
 New Year's Eve of 
 each year, Mr. 
 Moody and his part- 
 ner met, and before 
 leaving the office 
 that night every pos- 
 sible claim against 
 the firm had been 
 liquidated. A man 
 of wide sympathies 
 and unostentatious 
 charity, Mr. Moody 
 has devoted not a 
 little of his time and 
 money of later years 
 to works of benefi- 
 cence. Himself the 
 son of a ship-builder, 
 he is greatly inter- 
 ested in shipping, 
 both foreign and 
 coastwise ; is a mem- 
 ber of the American Shijjping and Industrial League ; 
 the Home Market Club, the Pine Tree State Club, the 
 Commercial Club, the Chamber of Commerce, the 
 Wholesale Grocers' .\ssociation, and is a director in 
 several corporations. Through his efforts in the direc- 
 tion of practical legislation in the vital matter of pure 
 food and medicine, a question far reaching and lasting 
 in its effects, Mr. Moody has crowned a career that has 
 proved alike useful and honorable. 
 
 CHARLES E. MOODY. 
 
roo 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FE^^' men who have been conspicuous in Massachu- 
 setts and the United States bear so well at a ripe 
 old age in mind and body the honors they have won as 
 the Hon. Robert Charles Winthrop. 'llie youngest 
 son of Thomas Lindall Winthrop, he was liorn in 
 Boston, May 12, 1809, and was graduated at Har\ard 
 in 1828. He studied law with Daniel Webster, was 
 admitted to the bar in 1831, and soon after entered 
 public life as a Whig. From 1834 to 1840 he served 
 his State in the 
 House of Represen- 
 tatives, of which he 
 was speaker in 1838, 
 1839, and 1840. He 
 was elected to Con- 
 gress in the last- 
 name d year, a n d 
 served there with 
 distinction ten years. 
 In 1847-49 he was 
 speaker of the 
 House, but was de- 
 feated for a second 
 term by a plurality 
 of two, after a con- 
 test of three weeks. 
 In 1850, he was ap- 
 pointed by the gov- 
 ernor to Daniel 
 Webster's seat in the 
 Senate, when the 
 latter became Secre- 
 tary of State. His 
 conservatism on the 
 slavery question 
 caused his defeat for 
 the succession by a 
 coalition of Demo- 
 crats and Free .Soil- 
 ers in the Legislature, 
 after si.\ weeks' balloting. In 1851, he received a large 
 plurality of votes for the governorship, but the majority 
 rule threw the election into the Legislature. Mr. ^Vin- 
 throp declined to run again, and has since devoted his 
 time to literary, historical, and philanthropic occupa- 
 tions. He did not, however, altogether relinquish his 
 political duties, but spoke eloquently for several candi- 
 dates for the presidency, — Winfield Scott in 1852, 
 Millard Fillmore in 1856, John Bell in i85o, and Gen- 
 
 ROBERT C, WINTHROP. 
 
 eral McClellan in 1864. Four volumes of his "Addresses 
 and Speeches" contain those on the laying of the 
 corner-stone of the national monument to Washington 
 in 1848 and on the completion of that monument in 
 1885, and the oration on the hundredth anniversary of 
 the surrender of Cornwallis at Vorktown, all by invita- 
 tion of Congress ; the address to the alumni of Harvard 
 in 1857 ; an oration on the two hundred and fiftieth 
 anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims, in 1870; the 
 
 Boston centennial 
 oration, July 4, 1876 ; 
 and an address on 
 unveiling the statue 
 of Colonel Prescott 
 on Bunker Hill in 
 1 88 1. Mr. \Vinthrop 
 is also popularly re- 
 m em be red for his 
 shorter speeches, 
 particularly those of 
 a patriotic nature, on 
 Boston C o m m o n 
 during the Civil War, 
 while his brief trib- 
 utes to John Quincy 
 Adams, John C. Cal- 
 houn, Edward Ever- 
 ett, Daniel Webster, 
 Abraham Lincoln 
 and other eminent 
 men, are character- 
 ized as models of 
 graceful and discrim- 
 inating eulogy. He 
 is the author of 
 "The Life and Let- 
 ters of John Win- 
 throp " (1864), and 
 " Washington, Bow- 
 doin, and Franklin " 
 (1876). He was the counsellor of (ieorge Peabodv in 
 several of his great benefactions, and has been from the 
 outset the head of the trust for Southern education. He 
 was president for a quarter of a century of the Boston 
 Provident Association, for thirty years of the Massachu- 
 setts Historical .Society, and for eight years of the Har- 
 vard Alumni Association. Mr. Winthrop's long and hon- 
 orable career and wide experience of affairs constitutes 
 him a veteran whom Massachusetts delights to honor. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 lor 
 
 GEORGE EDWARD ELLIS, D.D., LL.D., the presi- 
 dent of the Massachusetts Historical Society, was 
 born in Boston, Aug. 8, 1814. He graduated at Harvard 
 in 1833, and from the Divinit\' School in 1836. He 
 made a year's tour of Europe, and was ordained ALirch 
 II, 1840, as pastor of Harvard Unitarian Church, Charles- 
 town, Mass. From 1857 to 1863 he was professor of 
 systematic theology in Harvard Divinity School. In 
 1864 he delivered before the Lowell Institute of Boston 
 a course of lectures 
 on the " Evidences 
 of Christianity" ; in 
 1 87 1, a course on the 
 "Provincial History 
 o f Massachusetts," 
 and in 1879, a course 
 on "The Red Men 
 and the White Men 
 in North America." 
 He resigned the pas- 
 torate of Harvard 
 Church on Feb. 2, 
 1869. Mr. Ellis was 
 at one time tempo- 
 rary editor of the 
 Cliristian R c glister 
 and afterward joint 
 editor with Rev. 
 George Putnam, 
 D. D., and subse- 
 cpiently sole editor 
 of the Chris /tan 
 Examiner for several 
 years. He has been 
 vice-president of the 
 Massachusetts His- 
 torical Society, and 
 is now (1892) presi- 
 dent. He was a 
 member of the board 
 
 of overseers of Harvard College in 1850-54, serving for 
 one year as its secretary. Harvard gave him the degree 
 of D. D. in 1857, and that of LL. D. in 1883. Mr. Ellis 
 was the third person who has recei\-ed both these degrees 
 from Harvard. He has published lives of John Mason 
 (1844), Kwwft Hutchinson (1S45), and William Penn 
 (1847), in Sparks' American Biography ; "Half Century 
 of the LTnitarian Controversy" (1851) ; "Memoir of 
 Dr. Luther \'. Bell" (1863) : "'I'he Aims and Purposes 
 
 GEORGE E. ELLIS 
 
 of the Founders of Massachusetts, and Their Treatment 
 of Intniders and Dissentients" (1865); "Life of 
 Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford," in connection 
 with an edition of Count Rumford's complete works 
 issued by the .\merican .-Xcademy of Arts and Sciences 
 (1871) ; "History of the Massachusetts General Hos- 
 pital " (1872) ; " History of the Battle of Bunker Hill " 
 (1875') ; an "Address on the Centennial of the Evacua- 
 tion of the British .\rmy, with an Account of the Siege 
 
 of Boston" (1876) ; 
 " Memoir of Charles 
 W.Upham" (1877) ; 
 " Memoir of Jacob 
 Bigelow" (1880); 
 " Memoir of Nathan- 
 iel Thayer" (1885) ; 
 and numerous ad- 
 dresses and sermons. 
 He also wrote for the 
 American Academy 
 and the Historical 
 Society, memoirs of 
 Charles Wentworth 
 I'])ham and Edward 
 Wigglesworth( 1877), 
 and of George Rum- 
 ford Baldwin. Mr. 
 Ellis wrote three his- 
 torical chapters for 
 the "Memorial His- 
 tory of Boston" 
 (iSSo-i) ; "The Red 
 Man and the White 
 Man in North Amer- 
 ica " (1882); an 
 "Address ©n the 
 lughty-second Anni- 
 versary of the New 
 York Historical So- 
 ciety "(1886); "The 
 Religious F'lement in New England," and five other 
 chapters in the " Narrative and Critical History of 
 America" (1826); and several articles for the ninth 
 edition of the " Encyclopedia Britannica," and has 
 contributed to periodicals and the daily papers when 
 occasion moved him thus to do. He published in 1880 
 " The Puritan .^ge and Rule in the Colony of Massachu- 
 setts Bay." He delivered in 1884 the address at the 
 unxeiling of the statue of John Har\ard at the college. 
 
I02 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FRANCIS PARKMAN, author and first vice-presi- 
 dent of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the 
 son of Francis Parkman, clerg}'man, was born in Boston, 
 Sept. 1 6, 1823, and was graduated at Harvard in 1844. 
 He studied law two years, but abandoned the profession 
 for travel, of which he had become fond after a vacation 
 trip to Europe. In 1845 he set out to explore the 
 Rocky Mountains, and lived several months among the 
 Dakotah Indians and the still wilder and more remote 
 tribes. He there en- 
 dured hardships and 
 privations that made 
 him an invalid. An 
 account of this e.xpe- 
 dition was given in a 
 series of articles in 
 the " Knickerbocker 
 Magazine," w h i c h 
 were subsequently 
 collected and pub- 
 lished in book form. 
 H e afterward e n - 
 gaged in literary 
 work almost exclu- 
 sively, and notwith- 
 standing hisim]iaired 
 health, accomjianied 
 by partial blindness, 
 has attained high 
 rank as an historian 
 and essayist. Mr. 
 Parkman visited 
 France in 1858, 1868, 
 1872, 1880, and 1881, 
 to examine French 
 archives in connec- 
 tion with his histori- 
 cal labors. In 187 1-2 
 he was professor of 
 horticulture i n t h e 
 
 agricultural school of Harvard. His chief work has 
 been a series of volumes intended to illustrate the rise 
 and fall of the French power in America, which are 
 distinguished for brilliant style and accurate research. 
 Mr. Parkman has recently completed the New France 
 series, covering the period between 1700 and 1750. 
 This, with a few additions to earlier volumes, completes 
 the series, which forms one continuous work. His 
 publications are "The California and Oregon Trail" 
 
 FRANCIS PARKMAN 
 
 (1849) ; "The Conspiracy of Pontiac " (Boston, 1S51) ; 
 "Pioneers of France in the New World" (1865): 
 "The Book of Roses" (1866); "Jesuits in North 
 America" (1867) ; "La Salle and the Discovery of the 
 C.reat West" (1869): "The Old Regime in Canada 
 under Louis XH'." (1874); "Count Frontenac and 
 New France under Louis XIV." (1877 ) ; " Montcalm and 
 Wolfe " {two volumes, 1884) ; "The Arcadian Tragedy" 
 (" Harper's Magazine," 1884) ; ".A Half Century of Con- 
 flict — France and 
 England in North 
 .America " (Boston, 
 1892) ; "Historic 
 Handbook of the 
 Northern Tour" 
 (Boston, 1885); 
 " O u r Co m m o n 
 Schools" (Boston, 
 1890) ; "Some of 
 the Reasons against 
 W o m e n Suffrage ' ' ; 
 and several other 
 historical works. 
 The ".Atlantic 
 Monthly" has re- 
 ceived many inter- 
 esting contributions 
 from his pen. The 
 historic handbook in 
 the enumeration 
 above was suggested 
 to Mr. Parkman by 
 his friend and co- 
 worker of the Massa- 
 chusetts Historical 
 Society, Rev. Dr. 
 George E. Ellis, and 
 has proved of great 
 value to s u m m e r 
 tourists to Lake 
 George, Lake Champlain, Ticonderoga and Niagara, as 
 well as the Canadian frontier, giving them true history, 
 well digested, to offset false impressions of the pictur- 
 esque areas so long in dispute between rival claimants, as 
 portrayed by previous careless and unscrupulous compil- 
 ers of the warlike events of past eras. Dr. Parkman has 
 long been prominent in the social, literary, political and 
 club life of Boston. In 1863 he bore an important ])art 
 with Edward Everett in organizing the Union C'lub. 
 
BOSTO.V. 
 
 lO^ 
 
 CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS, lawyer, second son 
 of Charles Francis Adams, diplomatist, was born 
 in Boston, May 27, 1835. He was graduated at Harvard 
 in 1856 and admitted to the bar in 1858. He served 
 in the army throughout the Civil A\'ar, entering it as first 
 lieutenant in the First Massachusetts Cavalry, under 
 Colonel ^\'illiams. He was promoted to a captaincy in 
 the same regiment, and was afterward transferred as 
 lieutenant-colonel to the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry, 
 with Colonel Henry 
 S. Russell. On the 
 
 retirement of Colonel 
 
 Russell, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Adams was 
 his successor as 
 colonel, and re- 
 signed in the August 
 following the close 
 of the hostilities 
 with the brevet of 
 brigadier-general of 
 volunteers, his regi- 
 ment afterward being 
 transferred to the 
 Mexican border to 
 watch the result of 
 the French invasion 
 and the ^L^ximilian 
 episode. He has 
 since devoted his 
 attention chiefly to 
 railroad matters, and 
 in 1869 was ap- 
 l)ointed a member of 
 the Board of Railroad 
 Commissioners 
 of Massachusetts. In 
 1 87 I, in connection 
 with his brother, 
 Henry Adams, he 
 
 published "Chapters on Erie and other Essays." He 
 has since published an instruction book on railway 
 accidents. He was elected in 1882 a member of the 
 board of overseers of Harvard College, and in 1884, was 
 chosen president of the L'nion Pacific Railway. He is 
 second vice-president of the Massachusetts Historical 
 Society. Mr. Adams has frequently been a contributor 
 to the "North American" and other reviews on railroad 
 and kindred matters. In 1883, he delivered addresses 
 
 CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS 
 
 on " The College Fetich," before the Phi Beta Kappa 
 Society, of Harvard ; on " The Double Anniversary, '76 
 and '63," at Quincy, July 4 ; and an argument on the 
 federation of the railroad system before the Committee 
 on Commerce of the United States House of Represen- 
 tatives, Feb. 27, 1880. His other contributions to rail- 
 road literature are important and interesting. He is 
 also the author of " The Genesis of the Massachusetts 
 Town, and the Development of Town Meeting Govern- 
 ment " (Cambridge, 
 1892). His contri- 
 butions to history, 
 public and personal, 
 to political, educa- 
 tional, and other 
 subjects of general 
 interest, are volumi- 
 nous. Mr. Adams's 
 latest published work 
 is, " Three Episodes 
 of M a s s a ch u s e 1 1 s 
 History" (two vol- 
 umes, Boston, 1892). 
 The divisions of the 
 work are : I. The 
 Settlement of Boston 
 Bay. II. The An- 
 tinomian Contro- 
 versy. III. A Study 
 of Church and Town 
 Government. This 
 work clears up many 
 disputed points in 
 early provincial his- 
 tory, the author hav- 
 ing spent -I'ears in 
 research to fathom 
 what he has proved 
 to be misconcep- 
 tions. Mr. Adams's 
 biography of Richard Henry Dana, the author of " Two 
 Years Before the Mast," in two volumes, is probably the 
 most popular and absorbing of his literary works. Mr. 
 Adams has always been averse to being nominated for 
 office where election was dependent ujion the popular 
 vote ; not, however, from fear of defeat. He inherits 
 untrammelled independence of character from his ances- 
 tors, Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams, 
 and from his father, the diplomat, Charles Francis Adams. 
 
I04 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 AN indigenous, patriotic American of the best type, 
 with sympathies broad enough to include the 
 whole world, esteemed by his fellow-citizens and 
 beloved by thousands whom his philanthropy has aided, 
 — that describes Ex-Mayor Samuel Abbott (ireen and 
 the place he holds in the life of Boston. Humanita- 
 rian, historian, and physician, he is one of those altruis- 
 tic men whose purpose in life is to serve others, and 
 who accomplish that purpose. He comes of an old 
 New England family, 
 in whose veins the 
 blood of the stern 
 Puritan flows. Born 
 in Groton, M ass., 
 March i6, 1830, his 
 father was Dr. Joshua 
 Green, who married 
 Eliza Lawrence, a 
 sister of Amos 
 and Abbott La w- 
 rence. He studied 
 at Lawrence Acad- 
 emy, Groton, a n d 
 graduated at Har- 
 \ard College in 
 1 85 1. A course at 
 the Har\ard Medi- 
 cal School followed, 
 after which he 
 studied medicine in 
 London and in Paris. 
 Returning to Boston, 
 he began practice 
 there, and became 
 one of the district 
 physicians in the 
 City Dispensary. At 
 the beginning of the 
 Civil War he was 
 commissioned assist- 
 ant surgeon of the First Massachusetts Regiment, and 
 soon afterward was promoted to the surgeoncy of the 
 Twenty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment. For gallant 
 services on the field in 1864, he was brevetted lieutenant- 
 colonel of volunteers. He planned and organized, in 
 February, 1862, while in charge of the hospital of the 
 First Brigade, on Roanoke Island, North Carolina, the 
 Roanoke cemetery, the first regular burial-ground for the 
 Union dead in the war. kiltx his return from the army. 
 
 he was for seven years superintendent of the Boston Dis- 
 pensary. Dr. Green was a member of the Boston School 
 Committee in i860, and again from 1866 to 1872 ; trus- 
 tee of the Public Library from 1868 to 187S, and acting 
 librarian one year. From 187 1 till 1881, when he was 
 elected mayor, he was city physician of Boston. He 
 was elected mayor as the candidate of the Citizens 
 party and the Republicans. His administration, lasting 
 one year, was thoroughly unpartisan and not marked by 
 
 any notable events, 
 but the best interests 
 of the city were well 
 cared for. In 1883 
 he was elected a 
 trustee of the Pea- 
 body F2 d u c a t i o n 
 Fund, as well as sec- 
 retary of the Board, 
 and from 1885 to 
 1888 was the acting 
 general agent. Since 
 1868 Dr. Green has 
 been librarian of the 
 Massachusetts H i s - 
 torical Society. His 
 historical researches 
 have been extensive, 
 and his knowledge 
 of New England's 
 past and present is 
 broad and accurate. 
 He has been a vol- 
 uminous writer, 
 among his publica- 
 tions being a "His- 
 torv of Medicine 
 i n Massachusetts," 
 " The Story of a P"a- 
 mous Book," a trans- 
 lation of Count de 
 Deux Ponts's " My Campaigns in America," and many 
 works relating to his native town. Dr. Green is a mem- 
 ber of various historical societies, and is one of the 
 overseers of Harvard College. He kept up his practice 
 as a physician for years, and the poor knew him, not as 
 the grasping doctor who demanded his fee in advance, 
 but as one who was more likely to return half of the 
 ]jroffered money to purchase luxuries for the invalid. 
 Dr. Green is unmarried. 
 
 SAMUEL ABBOTT GREEN 
 
BOSTO.W 
 
 105 
 
 EX-CONGRESSMAN JOHN WILSON CANDLER 
 was born in Boston, Feb. 10, 1828, the son of 
 John and Susan (Wheelwright) Candler. The family is 
 of Saxon origin, and its two branches in Suffolk and 
 Essex were noted in the church and in the army. 
 Captain John Candler, the grandfather of John W., 
 emigrated from Essex to Marblehead, and married 
 Abigail Helen Russell about the close of the Revolu- 
 tionary War. She was the descendant of a Huguenot 
 family and the 
 widow of Lieutenant 
 Thomas Russell, who 
 was, next in com- 
 mand of Captain 
 Mugford's privateer 
 when he captured 
 the British armed 
 ship which supplied 
 Washington's a r m y 
 about Boston with am- 
 munition. Mugford 
 was killed. Captain 
 John Candler, Jr., 
 the father of John 
 W., was an officer 
 on board the frigate 
 "Constitution," and 
 was with Commodore 
 Stewart in the same 
 vessel on his famous 
 cruise through the 
 British channel. Mr. 
 Candler was born 
 while his father was 
 in active business as 
 s h i p - b u i 1 d e r and 
 merchant in Boston, 
 and was educated at 
 Marblehead .A c a d - 
 e m y and Dummer 
 
 Academy, finishing his course under the tuition of Rev. 
 \. Briggs, a Baptist minister of Schoharie Academy, 
 New York. After the death of his father, he became 
 clerk in a Boston house, the family removing, in 1S49, 
 to Brookline, where he has since resided. For thirty- 
 two years he has been engaged in foreign trade as a 
 member of several firms of ship-owners, the present 
 style being John W. Candler & Co. The East and 
 West Indies and South .Africa have been their field. 
 
 
 .v 
 
 ^9^ 
 
 JOHN WILSON CANDLER 
 
 Mr. Candler's experience in foreign trade, and his 
 studious watchfulness of State and national politics 
 ha\'e made his services valuable in many ways. A warm 
 friend of Governor Andrew, he became one of his 
 strongest supporters during the Civil War. He was a 
 member of the Legislature of 1866, but declined to 
 serve a second term. He advocated a board of prison 
 commissioners from 1869 to 1873, and served many 
 years as its chairman. It was a philanthropic commis- 
 sion, without com- 
 pensation or emolu- 
 ments. Mr. Candler 
 was prominent in the 
 National Board of 
 Trade, and was presi- 
 dent of the Boston 
 - ^'te' Board of Trade two 
 
 years. He was presi- 
 
 V^ dent of the Commer- 
 
 ^* cial Club four years. 
 
 .\ liberal Republican, 
 
 s, ^ he has advocated a 
 
 change of navigation 
 laws, a judicious re- 
 vision of the tariff and 
 modification of many 
 commercial treaties. 
 In 1880 he was 
 elected to the Forty- 
 seventh Congress 
 from the eighth Mas- 
 sachusetts district, 
 and in 1888 to the 
 Fifty-first Congress 
 from the ninth dis- 
 trict, by a large ma- 
 jority over Hon. 
 Edward Burnett, the 
 previous representa- 
 tive. In this Con- 
 gress Mr. Candler was the chairman of the World's 
 Fair Committee that reported favorably upon the act 
 giving national encouragement to the Columbian Expo- 
 sition. That committee championed the passage of the 
 bill. If they had not done so with wisdom and ability, 
 there might not have been a quadricentennial fair in 
 Chicago in 1893. Mr. Candler opened and closed 
 the debate, and as chairman of the committee had 
 charge of the parliamentary proceedings. 
 
 /* 
 
io6 
 
 MASSAC//VSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IN State Street, the Wall Street of Boston, no name is manage Drexel, Morgan & Co.'s bond business in l!os- 
 more familiar than that of E. Rollins Morse. This ton, a trust which was a fine tribute to the integrity 
 gentleman entered State Street in the modest capacity and the ability of E. Rollins Morse & Brother. Thirty 
 of clerk in 1862, now he is the president of the Boston years in State Street have made Mr. Morse a broad- 
 Stock Exchange. Mr. Morse was born in Boston in minded, sagacious, yet prudent, financier, and he stands 
 1845, and from his childhood has shown a talent for as the type of the successful men of State Street in this 
 affairs financial. His first employment was with Rob- generation. As president of the Stock Exchange, he 
 ert M. Pratt, who, in the sixties, conducted a promi- has given great satisfaction to the members, and has 
 nent brokerage house in State Street. After serving materially helped to develop the business of the Ex- 
 about six years at a 
 
 clerk's desk, Mr. 
 Morse, in 1868, es- 
 tablished a stock 
 commission business 
 for himself at No. 
 27 State Street, and 
 a year later formed 
 the present firm of 
 E. Rollins Morse & 
 Brother, whose head- 
 quarters are now a 
 splendid suite of of- 
 fices on the ground 
 floor of the building 
 No. 38 State Street, 
 corner of Exchange 
 Street. In 1870, 
 Mr. Morse ]nirchased 
 a seat in the Board. 
 Then his business 
 grew amazingly, and 
 in a few years he be- 
 came a p r o m i n e n t 
 factor in State Street 
 affairs. When the 
 Stock Exchange was 
 in its old rooms, Mr. 
 Morse gave much of 
 his time to its inter- 
 ests, serving terms on 
 
 the standing and governing committees, and soon after 
 the removal to its present magnificent quarters in the 
 Exchange Building he was made its president. He 
 was elected to that office in 1891, and re-elected in 
 1892, his iniTiiediate predecessor being A. W. Spencer. 
 A few years ago Mr. Morse's firm developed from a 
 strictly stock commission business, and became financiers 
 in the full sense of the term. This change was 
 primarily due to the fact that the firm was selected to 
 
 IF 
 
 E. ROLLINS MORSE 
 
 change and to 
 strengthen its inter- 
 ests along many 
 lines. He has never 
 held public elective 
 office, his time hav- 
 ing been strictly de- 
 voted to his business. 
 He is in touch, 
 however, with iiublic 
 affairs, and is looked 
 upon as an authority 
 on questions of na 
 tional finance. Like 
 most brainy men of 
 money, Mr. Morse 
 is modestly, although 
 extensively, identi- 
 fied with local chari- 
 ties, and has done 
 more in this direc- 
 tion than his friends 
 are aware of. He is 
 a very approachable 
 man, and to this fact 
 is due much of his 
 unf[uestioned popu- 
 larity among his fel- 
 low financial m e n , 
 both in this city and 
 in New York, for his 
 business affairs bring him in constant contact with the 
 great financial men of the last-named city. He is a 
 lirominent member of the Eastern Yacht Club and an 
 ardent yachtsman. In the pursuit of this his favorite 
 recreation he manages to recuperate his energies after 
 the close attention that is necessitated by the large 
 financial transactions that require his watchful care. He 
 is regarded as a safe and conservative man by those 
 interested in the doings of the financial world. 
 
BOSTOy. 
 
 107 
 
 GEORGE GLOVER CROCKER, the son of Uriel 
 and Sarah Kidder (Haskell) Crocker, was born 
 in Boston, Dec. 15, 1843. tlraduating from the Boston 
 Latin School as a Franklin medal scholar, in i860, and 
 from Harvard, in 1864, he studied at the Harvard Law 
 School, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1867. 
 From that time to the ])resent he has continued in the 
 practice of the law in Boston in company with his elder 
 brother, Uriel H. Crocker. He assisted his brother in 
 editing " Notes on 
 the Cieneral Statutes 
 
 f Massachusetts " 
 (1869). From 1868 
 to 1879, he was a 
 director of the Bos- 
 ton Young Men's 
 
 Christian L'nion, of _^^ ■ 
 
 which he is a life r 
 
 member. In 1873 
 and 1874, he was in 
 the House of Repre- 
 sentatives, serving 
 the latter year on the 
 Committee on the 
 Liquor Law. Fore- 
 seeing the pernicious 
 effects of other meth- 
 ods of distribution, 
 he drafted a bill, the 
 first ever offered in 
 Massachusetts, p e r - 
 mitting cities and 
 towns, after limiting 
 the number of 1 i - 
 censes, to sell them 
 at public auction. 
 
 1 n 1877, he was 
 chosen secretary of 
 the Republican State 
 Committee, and 
 
 served for two years. Li 1880, '81, '82, and '83, Mr. 
 Crocker was a member of the State Senate, and its 
 president in the last-named year. He compiled the 
 " Digest of the Rulings of the Presiding Officers of the 
 Senate and of the House from the Year 1833," which 
 forms a part of the annual " Manual for the General 
 Court." He is also the author of " Principles of Proced- 
 ure in Deliberative Assemblies " (1889). In February, 
 1887, he was appointed a member of the State Board 
 
 GEORGE GLOVER CROCKER 
 
 of Railroad Commissioners, and served as chairman of 
 the board until January, 1892, when he resigned. 
 During his service the board took an active part in 
 effecting the abolition of grade crossings and of the 
 car stove, and otherwise did much to promote the com- 
 fort and safety of passengers and of employe's. At the 
 time of his resignation, Mr. Crocker, as chairman of a 
 committee of railroad commissioners, was engaged in 
 an effort to secure the passage by Congress of an act to 
 
 compel the equip- 
 ment of freight cars 
 with automatic coup- 
 lers and continuous 
 brakes, and of loco- 
 motives with driving- 
 wheel brakes. In 
 
 )i889, he was ap- 
 pointed by Mayor 
 ^ Hart as chairman of 
 
 H a c o m m i s s i o n of 
 
 H three to examine 
 
 ^^^ into the operation of 
 
 fl f the Massachusetts 
 
 laws relating to taxa- 
 tion. The chief con- 
 clusions reached by 
 this commission 
 were : that the at- 
 tempt to tax muni- 
 cipal bonds results in 
 a loss rather than a 
 gain to the cities and 
 towns issuing such 
 bonds ; and that all 
 forms of double tax- 
 ation ought to be 
 abolished. Mr. 
 Crocker has served 
 as an officer of many 
 business corpora- 
 tions, and is a member of several charitable organiza- 
 tions, of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and of sundry 
 Boston social clubs. On June 19, 1875, he was mar- 
 ried by the Rev. Phillips Brooks to Annie B., daughter 
 of the late Nathan C. Keep, of Boston. They ha\?e five 
 children. Mr. Crocker has always shown a great capacity 
 for exhaustive and arduous labor in a field that he makes 
 interesting by the amount of original thought that he 
 puts into his work. 
 
io8 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ROGER WOLCOTT, lieutenant-governor elect of 
 Massachusetts, was born in Boston forty-five years 
 ago. Receiving his preliminary education, he entered 
 Harvard, where he ranked among the most advanced 
 students. He was chosen class orator. The graduating 
 class of 1870 included such men as Senator Henry 
 Parkman, Assistant Secretary of State Wharton, and 
 Assistant Secretary of the Navy Soley ; and Roger Wol- 
 cott, who graduated in that year, was looked upon as 
 one of the most 
 promising. At Har- 
 vard he received the 
 degrees of A. B. and 
 LL. B., and during 
 i87i-2wasa 
 tutor in that insti- 
 tution. He took up 
 the study of la vv, 
 but his duties as 
 trustee of various 
 estates, and the 
 management of 
 financial matters, 
 have occupied the 
 greater part of his 
 time. Mr. Wolcott 
 began his public 
 career as a member 
 of the Boston Com- 
 mon Council, serv- 
 ing as a member of 
 that body for three 
 years. In 1882 he 
 was elected to the 
 lower branch of the 
 Legislature, and was 
 re-elected in 1883 
 and 1884, winning 
 much distinction as 
 a hard worker, and 
 
 as one who was instrumental in passing many important 
 measures. Although a Republican by virtue of train- 
 ing, Mr. Wolcott has at times shown a spirit of inde- 
 pendence rarely seen in men of his position. One of 
 the most noteworthy instances of this was in 1884, when 
 he voted for Grover Cleveland, the Democratic candi- 
 date for President; but in 1885 he was a delegate to 
 the Republican State Convention at Springfield. In 
 1 89 1 lie was unanimously chosen president of the New 
 
 ROGER WOLCOTT 
 
 Republican Club, but after serving one year ill-health 
 compelled him to decline a re-election. He has been 
 an active worker in many public movements and has 
 frequently represented his constituents at municipal and 
 State conventions ; and, being a pleasing speaker, is 
 frequently called upon to address ]3olitical and other 
 public meetings. He is an overseer of Harvard Col- 
 lege, and a trustee of the Massachusetts General Hos- 
 pital, Mr. Wolcott is also a prominent figure at the 
 
 annual Unitarian 
 festivals, and is a 
 regular attendant at 
 King's Chapel. He 
 married Miss Pres- 
 cott, a great-great- 
 granddaughte r of 
 the Colonel P r e s - 
 cott who com- 
 manded the jjrovin- 
 cial troops at Bunker 
 Hill, and a grand- 
 daughter of the his- 
 torian, W. H. Pres- 
 cott. Mr. Wolcott, 
 himself comes from 
 an old military 
 family, his father 
 being the late J. 
 Huntington Wolcott, 
 descendant of Roger 
 AVolcott, who, in 
 1725, was second in 
 command in the ex- 
 pedition under Sir 
 William Pepperell 
 against Cape Breton, 
 which resulted in the 
 capture of I- o u i s - 
 burg. Another an- 
 cestor was Oliver 
 ^\'olcott, one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence, who fought in the Revolutionary Army 
 against Burgoyne, and was a brigadier-general on the 
 battle-field at Saratoga. Both of these men were gov- 
 ernors of Connecticut. In the election of Nov. 8, 
 1892, Mr. Wolcott was elected lieutenant-governor of 
 the State, as successor to Lieutenant-Governor Haile. 
 By reason of his natural gifts enhanced by study, Mr. 
 \\'olcott is peculiarly fitted for the duties of public life. 
 
 I 
 
BOSTOX. 
 
 109 
 
 IN all measures pertaining to the right of suffrage and 
 calculated to make elections in practice what they 
 are in theory, — an accurate expression of the will of 
 the majority, — Massachusetts has not lagged behind 
 her sister commonwealths, as the Australian ballot law, 
 the corrupt practices act and the law to compel the 
 publication of election expenses demonstrate. With 
 the last of these measures Samuel W. McCall, member 
 elect of the Fifty-third Congress, from the eighth Massa- 
 chusetts district, is 
 identified. He was 
 born in East Provi- 
 dence, Penn., Feb. 
 28, 1 85 1. His fam- 
 ily on both sides 
 have been prominent 
 in Pennsylvania from 
 i t s earliest history. 
 He is the son of 
 Henry and Mary Ann 
 (Elliott) McCall. 
 Having fitted for 
 college at the New 
 Hampton (N. H.) 
 Academy, he entered 
 Dartmouth and was 
 graduated in the 
 class of 1S74. Mr. 
 McCall then came 
 to Massachusetts and 
 studied law in t h e 
 office of Staples & 
 Goulding in Worces- 
 ter, where he was 
 subsequently ad- 
 mitted to the bar. 
 He began the prac- 
 tice of law in Boston 
 in January, 1876, 
 and has ever since 
 
 continued in his profession except during the period 
 from May i, 18S8, to Jan. i, 1889, when he was the 
 editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser. Mr. McCall was 
 elected to represent Winchester in the lower House of 
 the Massachusetts Legislature in 1S88 and 1889, the 
 latter year serving as chairman of the Committee on the 
 Judiciary. He was again returned to the House in 1891, 
 when, as chairman of the Committee on Election Laws, 
 and of the Special Committee on .Administrative Boards 
 
 SAMUEL W. McCALL 
 
 and Commissions, he became one of the Republican 
 leaders of the House. For several years Mr. McCall 
 had been actively interested in the legislative movement 
 to provide for a compulsory publication of election 
 expenses. .\\. last, largely through his efforts, the bill 
 passed the Legislature of 1892, and became law. It is 
 impossible to determine now just how effective the law 
 will be in purifying political methods, but its results in 
 the campaign of 1892 were conceded by all to have 
 
 been most salutary. 
 Mr. McCall was also 
 more or less closely 
 identified with many 
 other important 
 measures, and was 
 regarded as one of 
 the ^ablest debaters 
 i in the House. He 
 
 enjoyed great per- 
 sonal popularity with 
 his fellow-legislators. 
 Having made a study 
 of the theory of poli- 
 tics, and particularly 
 of the suffrage ques- 
 tion, Mr. McCall is 
 considered an 
 authority upon the 
 subject. He was a 
 delegate from the 
 old sixth district to 
 the National Repub- 
 lican Convention at 
 Chicago in 1888, 
 when his speech, 
 seconding the nomi- 
 nation of Ge neral 
 (iraham to the presi- 
 dency, won him fame 
 as an orator. He 
 was also a delegate to the Minneapolis convention in 
 1892. In the same year he was nominated for Con- 
 gress by the Republicans of the eighth district, and was 
 elected over John F. Andrew, the present incumbent. 
 Mr. McCall was married in Lyndonville, Vt., May 23, 
 1 88 1, to Ella Esther, daughter of Sumner S. and Harriet 
 (Wiley) Thompson. They have five children : Sumner 
 Thompson, Ruth, Henry, Katherine and Margaret Mc- 
 Call. Mr. McCall resides in Winchester. 
 
IIO 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FREDERIC WALKER LINCOLN, seven times 
 mayor of Boston, is a representative of the old 
 school of business men who have kept pace with the 
 world. His father was Louis Lincoln, son of Amos 
 Lincoln, a member of the " Boston Tea Party," and 
 who married a daughter of Paul Revere. His mother 
 was Mary (Knight) Lincoln. At the age of thirteen he 
 was apprenticed to Ciedney King, maker of nautical 
 instruments. When twenty-two years old he com- 
 menced the manu- 
 facture of these for 
 
 himself and contin- 
 
 ued in the business 
 until 1882, when he 
 assumed charge of 
 the Boston Storage 
 Warehouse Com- 
 pany, which he still 
 manages. hi 1847 
 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature ; re- 
 elected in 1848, and 
 in 1872 and 1874; 
 was a member of the 
 Constitutional Con- 
 vention of 1853, and 
 from 1854 to 1S56 
 was president of the 
 Charitable Mechanic 
 Association. When 
 it was proposed in 
 1880 to erect the 
 present building he 
 was e ar n es t ly re- 
 cpiested to and did 
 accept the office of 
 treasurer. In 1868 
 he was appointed to 
 the State Board of 
 Harbor Commis- 
 sioners ; for several years he was chairman. For eleven 
 years he was president of the Boston Board of Overseers 
 of the Poor, and in April, 1878, became treasurer, which 
 position he still holds. Mr. Lincoln was one of the orig 
 inal directors of the Continental Bank ; is a trustee of the 
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; vice-president of 
 the Boston Safe Deposit Company ; has been treasurer of 
 the Young Men's Benevolent Society for more than forty 
 years ; is president of the Franklin Savings Bank ; was 
 
 FREDERIC WALKER LINCOLN 
 
 president of the Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society, 
 the constituted term, a Fellow of the American Academy, 
 and one of the founders of the Young Men's Christian 
 LInion, and its second president. He was a member of 
 the Boston Light Infantry, and ranks now upon its 
 honorary roll of veterans. In 1854 he became a 
 director of the Bunker Hill Monument Association, and 
 for ten years, up to 1890, was one of its vice-presidents. 
 In that year he was made president. For nearly forty 
 
 years he has been 
 treasurer of the Sec- 
 ond Chtirch in Bos- 
 ton. His terms as 
 m a y o r of lioston 
 were: 1858- 60, 
 1863-66. Notable 
 among the public 
 deeds of Mayor Lin- 
 coln was the quelling 
 of the draft riots. 
 T h e Massachusetts 
 Commandery of the 
 Military Order of 
 the Loyal Legion has 
 complimented h i m 
 for this and similar 
 services by making 
 him a member. He 
 delivered the presen- 
 tation address as 
 chairman at the un- 
 veiling of the first 
 out-door statue in 
 Boston, that of Ben- 
 jamin Franklin in 
 front of t h e City 
 Hall ; and both Har- 
 vard and Dartmouth 
 have conferred upon 
 him the degree of 
 master of arts. The Lincoln School in South Boston is 
 named for him. In May, 1848, Mr. Lincoln married 
 Emeline, daughter of Hon. Jacob Hall. She died the 
 following year, leaving a daughter, Harriet A., now the 
 wife of George A. Coolidge. June 20, 1854, he married 
 Emily C, daughter of Noah Lincoln ; their children are : 
 Frederic W., Jr., of the firm of Henry W. Peabody iS: 
 Co., Mary K. and Louis Revere Lincoln. Mr. Lincoln 
 is a man of wide sympathies and generous impulses. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 I I I 
 
 EVERETT A. STEVENS, railroad commissioner, is 
 a practical railroad man in the literal meaning of 
 the term. He was born in Madison, Me., May 13, 
 1843, and received his education in the common 
 schools. Though occupying a lucrative position in 
 Montreal, Canada, at the breaking out of the Civil War 
 in the United States, he hastened to take his part in the 
 conflict, and went to the front as a member of Company 
 I, Eleventh Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, 
 at the age of nine- 
 teen years. He re- 
 m a i n e d in the 
 regiment until it left 
 the front at Cold 
 Harbor, its term of 
 service haxing ex- 
 pired, and was mus- 
 tered out on the 24th 
 of June, 1864, in 
 Boston. The Elev- 
 enth was an organi- 
 zation to which Cen- 
 eral Hooker in his 
 reports paid deserved 
 compliments, and il 
 made an admirable 
 record in the Third 
 Corps under General 
 Sickles. The certifi- 
 c a t e of discharge 
 which Mr. Stevens 
 holds shows that he 
 was mentioned as 
 having displayed 
 conspicuous bravery 
 at Locust Grove, at 
 the crossing of the 
 North Anna Ri\er, 
 and in the Wilder- 
 ness. Returning 
 
 from the scenes of conflict, he entered the service of 
 the Fitchburg Railroad Company, and passing through 
 the different grades, soon reached the position of loco- 
 motive engineer, serving on express passenger trains 
 several years, jirincipally on the Hoosac Tunnel route 
 to the West. Though not an orator, his sound common- 
 sense made him popular with his craft, and he was thrice 
 elected to the office of chief engineer of the Boston 
 division of the Brotherhood of Locomotixe Engineers, 
 
 EVERETT A. STEVENS. 
 
 representing the division in several of the"national con- 
 ventions of the organization, and being twice honored 
 by election to office there. In 1883, he was nominated 
 by (lovernor Butler as a member of the Board of Rail- 
 road Commissioners, receiving the unanimous endorse- 
 ment of the Executive Council. In 1S86, he was 
 nominated by Governor Robinson, again in 1889 by 
 Governor .\mes, and yet again in 1892 by Governor 
 Russell, receiving the unanimous vote of approval of 
 
 the councillors. He 
 is active in the Grand 
 Army of the Repub- 
 lic, having been 
 elected two terms as 
 commander of Post 
 II, of Charlestown, 
 making the tour of 
 the Pacific at its head 
 in 1886. Mr. Ste- 
 vens's standing with 
 the soldiers and rail- 
 road men has led to 
 other distinction. 
 He was prominent 
 before the legislative 
 committee on color 
 blindness in 1882 and 
 secured the repeal of 
 the law by which 
 e\ery railroad man 
 in the grade of train 
 hands had to submit 
 to a test in color and 
 shade that w o u 1 d 
 have forever incapac- 
 itated the eyejDf the 
 most experienced 
 salesman in dry 
 goods, fancy gloves 
 or ribbons. The 
 test was brought down to the essentials in actual use by 
 railways as signals, night or day. Further, Commissioner 
 Stevens has for some years held the position of presi- 
 dent of the Massachusetts Mutual Accident Association, 
 an organization that provides relief for its subscribers or 
 their families in the event of unforeseen bodily mishaps, 
 whether fatal or temporarily prostrating. He succeeded 
 Mayor Gilbert Palmer in that position, which he fills 
 with energv and discretion. 
 
112 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE movement for the popularization of art in 
 America had its origin in Boston. Here, too, the 
 educational development of art as a factor in common- 
 school instruction first began. With both these great 
 movements, the name of Louis Prang is inseparably 
 connected. He has, indeed, been more closely iden- 
 tified with them than any other man. Mr. Prang's 
 career, from his dreamy childhood in a German city, 
 through the many vicissitudes of youth and earlv man- 
 hood to the splendid 
 achievements of his 
 later years, is one of 
 most absorbing in- ™, 
 
 terest. Though it is K' 
 
 the type of idealist, 
 rather than that of 
 man of affairs, that 
 best represents him 
 and his share in the 
 life of the times, yet 
 his business success 
 has been excep- 
 tional. He was born 
 in Breslau, Germany. 
 His father was a cal- 
 ico printer, and the 
 lad early s t u d i e tl 
 chemistry and me- 
 chanics and learned 
 the processes of dye- 
 ing, color- mi xing 
 and color-printing. 
 While yet in his teens 
 he was sent to spend 
 a year in the count- 
 ing-room of a dyeing 
 and printing estab- 
 lishment in AVestpha- 
 lia, where he gained 
 a knowledge of mer- 
 cantile affairs. When about twenty years old he was 
 engaged by a large Austrian firm to spend five years 
 in the study of the most advanced methods of dyeing 
 and color-printing practised in England and on the 
 Continent, with a view to organize afterward a manu- 
 factory in Bohemia. His investigations were success- 
 fully carried out for four years, at the end of which he 
 returned to Germany an enthusiastic advocate of the 
 cause of social democracy. He was the leader of a 
 
 LOUIS PRANG 
 
 revolutionary club in 1848, and was obliged to flee from 
 his native country. After being in Switzerland for a 
 time, he came to America, landing in New York in 
 1850. For a few years he led a precarious existence, 
 but in 1856, embarking in the business of lithography 
 in color, he set out on the road to fortune. In 1864, he 
 began the reproduction of oil paintings by chromo- 
 lithography. For these new creations Mr. Prang 
 coined the word " chromo," a term that has been 
 
 somewhat roughly 
 used and brought 
 into disrepute by 
 competitors. How 
 the public apprecia- 
 tion of Mr. Prang's 
 work has steadily 
 grown broader and 
 more critical ; how 
 the delight in his 
 exi|uisite Christmas 
 and other holiday 
 cards has increased 
 from year to year ; 
 how many an artist, 
 now well k n o w n, 
 gained his first rec- 
 ognition at Louis 
 Prang's hands ; how 
 his public exhibitions 
 of accepted designs 
 for cards have awak- 
 ened widespread in- 
 terest ; how he, as 
 the founder of the 
 Prang Educational 
 Com])any, became a 
 pioneer in the cause 
 of art instruction in 
 the public schools, — 
 all this is part of the 
 country's art history. In recent years, Mr. Prang has 
 been devoting himself with his usual energy, and with 
 the assistance of the best color experts, to a plan for 
 color instruction in the public schools which is being 
 widely adopted. His plans for the further development 
 of art education, to which he devotes a great deal of 
 time and personal attention, are of a very broad nature, 
 his efforts having secured cordial recognition in this 
 country and in Europe. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 \\% 
 
 FOR nearly a score of years Joseph Cook has quick- 
 ened the pulse of Boston's religious and intellec- 
 tual life. He is probably the most aggressive and 
 original, as he is certainly the most celebrated, defender 
 of the Orthodox faith of the present day. Years ago, 
 when he was in the zenith of his fame as a lecturer, all 
 Boston was eager to hear what Joseph Cook had to say 
 about the latest scientific discovery or theory and its 
 relations to the faith that was once delivered to the 
 saints. And the 
 great audiences that 
 still appear whenever 
 he is announced to 
 lecture or preach 
 are ample proof that 
 his remarkable popu- 
 larity has not visiblv 
 waned. One of the 
 most consummate 
 rhetoricians who ever 
 lived, he is likewise 
 a formidable 1 o g i - 
 cian, and can blend 
 an ironclad, unan- 
 swerable syllogism 
 with a daring and 
 original metaphor, 
 taking your breath 
 away with his figures 
 of speech and strik- 
 ing you dumb with 
 his logic. Though it 
 has been said of 
 him, that he would 
 effect the reconcilia- 
 tion of science and 
 religion by the com- 
 plete annihilation of 
 science and the en- 
 throning of religion 
 
 in its stead, his bitterest opponents must admit that 
 Mr. Cook is fully abreast of the scientific thought of the 
 day. "The Boston Monday Lectureship," established 
 by Mr. Cook at Tremont Temple in 1873, is still con- 
 tinued, his lectures, delivered on eight successive Mon- 
 days at noon in the winter time, being attended by 
 thousands. There is scarcely a domain of modern 
 thought that he does not enter, and though his pronun- 
 ciamentos on politics, social and economic reform. 
 
 JOSEPH COOK. 
 
 science and religion, have often been the butt of cheap 
 newspaper jokes, they are at least always novel and 
 thought-provoking. Mr. Cook was born at Ticonderoga, 
 N. Y., Jan. 26, 1838, his father being a farmer. In 
 1858, he entered Yale, but three years later had to give 
 up his studies on account of ill-health. He entered 
 Harvard as a junior in 1863 and graduated in 1865 
 with high honors. After three years at Andover, he 
 spent an additional year in the study of philosophy, but, 
 
 although granted a 
 license to preach, he 
 declined all invita- 
 tions to become the 
 pastor of a church. 
 In 1S68 and 1870, 
 he preached at An- 
 dover and for a time 
 at Lynn, Mass. Then 
 he went to Europe 
 and studied at vari- 
 ous German universi- 
 ties under famous 
 theologians and phi- 
 losophers. In 1873, 
 on his return to 
 America, he began 
 his course of noon- 
 day lectures. These 
 have been published 
 in book form, and 
 have been translated 
 into many foreign 
 languages. The titles 
 of the volumes are : 
 " Biology," "Tran- 
 sc end en t ali s m," 
 "Orthodoxy," "Con- 
 science," " Hered- 
 ity," "Marriage," 
 "Labor," "Social- 
 ism," "Occident," "Orient." During a lecturing tour 
 of the world in 1880, Mr. Cook lectured in Great 
 Britain, and visited Germany, Italy, Greece, Palestine, 
 Egypt and India. He then went to China, Japan, Aus- 
 tralia, New Zealand and the Sandwich Islands. In Japan 
 he delivered a number of lectures through an interpreter 
 to Japanese public men. In 1888 he founded Our Day, 
 a monthly record and review. He was married in 1877 
 to Georgia Hemenway, of New Haven. 
 
114 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 GRF^AT progress has been made in America during 
 the last half century in the manufacture of 
 meteorological instruments. Improvements and new 
 inventions in instruments have kept pace with the rapid 
 strides that have been made in the science of meteo- 
 rology — a science that is still in its earliest stages. In 
 almost every observatory and laboratory of the United 
 States, and in many foreign lands, the name of Huddle- 
 ston is familiar, and it is a name that has grown to be 
 synonymous w i t h 
 perfect accuracy and 
 reliability. By long 
 years of toil, and by 
 unremitting study of 
 the princijjles of nat- 
 ural science as rela- 
 ting to meteorology 
 and meteorological 
 instruments, John S. 
 F. Huddleston has 
 won for himself the 
 reputation of manu- 
 facturing such ther- 
 mometers, barome- 
 ters and meteorolog- 
 ical instruments 
 generally as cannot 
 be excelled. The 
 story of his unevent- 
 ful life may be told 
 in a very few words. 
 He was born in l,on- 
 ilon, Kngland, and in 
 h i s early boyhood 
 days attended the 
 schools there. At an 
 early age his parents 
 came to the United 
 States and settled in 
 Boston. Here he 
 
 went to school, and his name stands on the roll of the 
 school-boys of that period, he having been a pupil in the 
 old Boston Latin School. After leaving his studies, his 
 time for a number of years was devoted to acquiring a 
 thorough knowledge of the construction of meteorolog- 
 ical instruments in every branch. In 1839 he com- 
 menced business on his own account, locating on 
 Washington Street. For forty-three consecutive years 
 — and until the demolition of the building — he was on 
 
 JOHN S. F. HUDDLESTON. 
 
 the site where the Glol'c building now stands. Since 
 then his rooms have been in the Transcript building. 
 In social life at an early age he united himself with 
 various utilitarian societies, and soon after the revival 
 of Odd Fellowship in the United States, in the early 
 forties, Mr. Huddleston joined the order, being one of 
 the first Odd Fellows in Boston. For nearly fifty years 
 he has kept up an active interest in the order, and has 
 been honored with all its offices. He is also a Free 
 
 Mason of ad\anced 
 degrees. In business 
 Mr. Huddleston de- 
 votes himself entirely 
 to the manufacture 
 of high-class meteor- 
 ological instruments, 
 such as are used in 
 colleges, observato- 
 ries and laboratories, 
 and wherever ex- 
 treme scientific accu- 
 racy is required. His 
 i n s t r u m e n ts have 
 always taken the 
 highest medals 
 wherever exhibited. 
 In connection with 
 the late Professor 
 Winlock he invented, 
 and is sole maker of, 
 an improxement of 
 the hygrometer, 
 called the hygro- 
 phant, an instnmienl 
 that shows with accu- 
 racy and at a glance, 
 without computation, 
 both the temperature 
 and the degree of 
 humidity. In weather 
 bureaus and in laboratories the hygrophant has grown to 
 be almost indispensable, and is considered a valuable 
 addition to the list of meterological instruments. Mr. 
 Huddleston was also the originator of the enamelled 
 back tube, which so markedly improves the legibility of 
 the thermometer, and which is now in use the world 
 over. In all the various meteorological instruments which 
 he makes, attention is paid to a special adaptation to the 
 particular ])urposes for which they are intended to be used. 
 
Bosro.v. 
 
 1 1 ' 
 
 THE oldest church of the Swedenborgian faith in 
 New England is the Boston Society of the New 
 Jerusalem, which was established in 1818. Beginning 
 with only twelve members, it has been the parent 
 church of many other societies, and now has a member- 
 ship of over six hundred. In the seventy-five years of 
 its history, it has had but two pastors, Rev. Dr. Thomas 
 Worcester, and Rev. James Reed. The latter is one of 
 the prominent ministers of the New Church (Sweden- 
 borgian) in .\merica, 
 and a well-known 
 contributor to its 
 literature. He was 
 born in Boston, Dec. 
 8, 1834, and is the 
 son of Sampson and 
 Catharine (Clark) 
 Reed. His father, 
 who was for many 
 years a member of 
 the city government 
 and took an active 
 and leading part in 
 the municipal affairs 
 of Boston, was the 
 son of Rev. Dr. 
 John Reed, who for 
 a long time was set- 
 tled over the old 
 first parish in Bridge- 
 water (now West 
 Bridgewater). Rev. 
 John Reed's father 
 was also a Congre- 
 gationalist clergy- 
 man, so that Mr. 
 Reed comes of 
 a ministerial fam- 
 ily. He received 
 his early education 
 
 in private schools, and was fitted for college in the 
 Boston Latin School. Entering Harvard in 185 1, he 
 graduated in 1855, among his classmates being Phillips 
 Brooks, Robert Treat Paine, and Alexander .\gassiz. 
 .After graduation he taught for one year in the Boston 
 Latin School, and then studied for the ministry under 
 the guidance of Rev. Dr. Thomas Worcester, pastor of 
 the church of which Mr. Reed's father had always been 
 an active member. After two years' study, he was 
 
 JAMES REED 
 
 called to the assistant pastorate of the fJoston Society 
 of the New Jerusalem, and was ordained to the min- 
 istry in April, i860. He continued as assistant to Dr. 
 Worcester until the latter's resignation in January, 1868, 
 when he became pastor of the church and has remained 
 there ever since. In addition to his pastoral duties, 
 Mr. Reed has contributed much to New Church litera- 
 ture, and has published "Religion and Life" (New 
 York, i869),j"^Man and Woman" (Boston, 1870), and 
 
 " Swedenborg and 
 the New Church" 
 (Boston, 1880). 
 He was for some 
 time an editor of 
 the " New Jerusalem 
 Magazine." Fro m 
 187 1 till 1875 Mr. 
 Reed sersed on the 
 Boston School Com- 
 mittee, and one year 
 he drew up the 
 annual report of the 
 Board. He was 
 married, Dec. 19, 
 1858, to Miss Emily 
 E. Ripley, of Brook- 
 line. They 'have 
 five children living, 
 the eldest son being 
 in business in Bos- 
 ton. The joint cel- 
 ebration of the 
 seventy-fifth a n n i - 
 versary of the Boston 
 Society of the. New 
 Jerusalem, and the 
 twenty-fifth anniver- 
 sary of Mr. Reed's 
 pastorate will be 
 held in 1893, and 
 the event will doubtless be a notable one in the history 
 of the New Church in New England. Though its 
 membership is widely scattered over Boston and the 
 suburbs, and though so many of the churches have 
 been obliged to leave the centre of the city for the 
 Back Bay, the Society of the New Jerusalem still 
 flourishes in its old home on Bowdoin Street, which it 
 has occupied for forty-eight years. Mr. Reed lives in 
 Louisburg Square. 
 
ii6 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 C()].ONEL HENRY LEE, projector and man- 
 ager of the Union Safe Deposit Vaults, and 
 senior member of the leading banking firm of I.ee, 
 Higginson & Co., was born in lioston, the seventh gen- 
 eration in descent from the family of Lee that came to 
 America in the year 1630, and from that time to the 
 present has been prominent in the high social life of 
 Ipswich, Beverly, Salem, Cambridge and Boston. He 
 has maintained a position as a public-spirited and gen- 
 erous citizen, and is 
 now enjoying a vig- 
 orous and happy old 
 age. After passing 
 through all the grades 
 of the public and 
 preparatory schools, 
 he entered Harvard 
 University in 1832, 
 and graduated in 
 1836. His father, 
 also named Henry, 
 who died in Boston 
 Feb. 6, 1867, re- 
 ceived the electoral 
 vote of South Caro- 
 lina as a Whig on 
 the occasion of Pres- 
 ident Andrew Jack- 
 son's second elec- 
 tion. His mother 
 was May, daughter 
 of Hon. Jonathan 
 Jackson. He mar- 
 ried Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Colonel 
 Perkins. Colonel 
 Lee was among the 
 first to api^reciate the 
 advantage of a place 
 of safe deposit for 
 
 valual)les in Boston, and it was mainly through his 
 agency that the system was established there, the insti- 
 tution of which he is the head being the pioneer. It is 
 an enduring monument to his business sagacity, and at 
 the same time the pattern for many others tC) follow 
 with security and profit. The Massachusetts Lees are 
 closely allied to many of the most distinguished families 
 of the State's earlier and later history, such as those of 
 Winthrop, Saltonstall, Pickering, Higginson, Endicott, 
 
 HENRY LEE 
 
 and others that have always been social, business and 
 political leaders in Salem, Boston and Cambridge. 
 Colonel Lee has served several terms on the Board of 
 Overseers of Harvard L^niversity, and ever took a prom- 
 inent part in its deliberations and important actions. 
 The Massachusetts Historical Society has long had the 
 benefit of his active membership. From early life he 
 has been interested in dramatic affairs, and of many 
 engagements of high character he has always been a 
 
 generous and in- 
 fluential patron. 
 Throughout the war 
 for the Union Colonel 
 Lee was an earnest 
 supporter of Govern- 
 or John A. Andrew, 
 having been on the 
 personal staff of the 
 commander - in -chief 
 for several years as 
 aide-de-camp. In 
 those stirring times 
 a position on the 
 staff meant work, 
 and from such patri- 
 otic duty the colonel 
 was not the man to 
 flinch. He and his 
 business associates 
 have often led with 
 their influence and 
 large means in en- 
 terprises of a benev- 
 olent and educational 
 nature, and the suc- 
 cess of many such 
 projects has been 
 mainly due to the 
 examples they set to 
 their wealthy fellow- 
 citizens in this and other Massachusetts communities. 
 An ardent lover of nature. Colonel Lee passes a good 
 portion of his leisure on his large and beautiful estate 
 at Chestnut Hill, Brookline, a region noted for its scenic 
 surroundings. Colonel Lee has always been identified 
 with the highest intellectual and artistic life of New 
 England, and throughout the financial world, on both 
 sides of the Atlantic, the name of Lee, Higginson & Co. 
 represents solid worth and enterprise. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 117 
 
 WHEN President Harrison, in April, 1892, 
 appointed Thomas Jefferson Coolidge, of Bos- 
 ton, to succeed Whitelavv Reid as minister of tlie I'nited 
 States in Paris, the appointment was in the nature of a 
 gratifying surprise, though the wisdom of the choice was 
 immediately recognized. Mr. Coolidge inherited at 
 once the blood of the first families of Massachusetts and 
 of the first families of Virginia. His maternal great- 
 grandfather was Thomas Jefferson, and his paternal 
 grandfather was 
 Joseph Coolidge, de- 
 scendant of one of 
 the distinguished 
 families of New Eng- 
 land . T. Jefferson 
 Coolidge was born in 
 Boston in 1831, the 
 son of a prosperous 
 China merchant. His 
 early education was 
 obtained in France 
 and tiermany. Re- 
 turning to this coun- 
 try when about fif- 
 teen years old, h e 
 entered Harvard, and 
 graduated in the class 
 of 1850. Mr. Cool- 
 id ge ' s career has 
 been almost entirely 
 one of business. Up 
 to the time of his 
 appointment as min- 
 ister to France h e 
 had held but two 
 public posts — park 
 commissioner of 
 Boston and delegate 
 to the Pan-.-\merican 
 Congress. After 
 
 graduation, he entered the East India trade, embarking 
 in business with the late Joseph Gardner. In 1858 he 
 accepted the presidency of the Boott Manufacturing 
 Company, with large cotton mills at Lowell. The com- 
 pany was then in a weak financial condition, but before 
 he left it, two years later, he had rebuilt the mill and 
 established the business on a firm footing. He then 
 went abroad, and after several years' residence in 
 France, returned to this country and took charge of the 
 
 THOMAS JEFFERSON COOLIDGE. 
 
 Lawrence Manufacturing Company. In 1880 he gave 
 up most of his manufacturing interests and for a time 
 was president of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe' 
 Railroad while the company was making a struggle for 
 existence. He tided it over its worst period and then 
 resigned and spent a year in Europe. On his return he 
 accepted the presidency of the Oregon Railway & Navi- 
 gation Company, which he held temporarily. He has 
 been identified with the Amory and the Dwight Manu- 
 facturing companies, 
 and has been director 
 in the Boston & 
 Lowell, the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy, 
 and other railroads, 
 and in many banking 
 enterprises. Mr. 
 Coolidge has been a 
 Republican for about 
 ten years, but he has 
 never been promi- 
 nent in politics. His 
 son, T. J e ff e r s o n 
 Coolidge, Jr., w a s 
 one of the leading 
 spirits in the estab- 
 lish m e n t of the 
 Young Men's Dem- 
 ocratic Club of Mas- 
 sachusetts, and there 
 was in consequence 
 frequent misunder- 
 standing of the 
 father's position. 
 Minister Coolidge 
 has been noted for 
 his philanthropy, be- 
 ing prominent in the 
 public charities of 
 Boston. At Harvard 
 he erected the Jefferson Physical Laboratory, and to the 
 town of Manchester (Mass.) he gave a public library. 
 He is an overseer of Harvard College, a member of the 
 Somerset Club and of the Harvard University Club, of 
 New York. He married a daughter of William Apple- 
 ton, one of Boston's great merchants. They have four 
 children : T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., president of the 
 Old Colony Trust Company ; Mrs. Lucius Sargent, Mrs. 
 Fred. Sears, Jr., and Mrs. Thomas Newbold. 
 
IIS 
 
 AfASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE career of Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, who has an 
 honored name in the mercantile world, and who 
 in the Irish national and other philanthropic causes is a 
 tower of strength, illustrates vividly the fact that the 
 doors of success are barred to none who will honestly 
 and perseveringly strive to enter. He was born in Graf- 
 ton, Mass., Dec. 17, 1844, the son of Mary and Patrick 
 Fitzpatrick. In his youth the family moved to Hopkin- 
 ton, and here young Fitzpatrick worked on his father's 
 farm nights and 
 mornings, and 
 walked three miles 
 each way daily, to 
 attend the Hopkin- 
 ton High School. He 
 was able to go during 
 the fall and winter 
 terms only of each 
 year, but he finished 
 the course and was 
 the first Catholic boy 
 to graduate from the 
 school. 'I'hat was in 
 1 86 1, and he was 
 the valedictorian of 
 his class. The same 
 indomitable energy 
 that he had displayed 
 in getting an educa- 
 tion in spite of the 
 difificulties,character- 
 ized his business life 
 from the start. He 
 came to Boston and 
 found employment 
 at two dollars a week 
 as errand boy for the 
 firm of E. D. Bell & 
 Co., supplementing 
 his meagre salary by 
 
 working evenings. Schofield, liarron & Co., dealers in 
 fancy dry goods, soon discovered his merits and sent 
 him to New York, when he was about twenty years old, 
 to take charge of their branch office there. Before he 
 had attained his majority he was admitted to the firm. 
 On the dissolution of the partnership, Mr. P'itzpatrick 
 went to the firm of Mason, 'I'ucker & Co., Boston, as 
 travelling salesman, and built up a large trade for them in 
 the New England States. In July, 1872, he became con- 
 
 THOMAS B. FITZPATRICK 
 
 nected with Brown, Dutton & Co., in the same capacity. 
 After the great fire of that year the present firm of 
 Brown, Durrell & Co., dealers in fancy dry goods, was 
 formed by Messrs. Brown, Durrell and Fitzpatrick, the two 
 latter gentlemen enjoying an equal interest with Mr. 
 Brown. The firm, starting with a comparatively small 
 capital, has built up a business of over five million dol- 
 lars annually, which is more than double that of any 
 other Boston house in the same line, and one of the 
 
 largest in the United 
 States. The active 
 management of the 
 business is in the 
 hands of Messrs. 
 Durrell and Fitzpat- 
 rick, the senior part- 
 ner attending to the 
 financial matters of 
 the firm. For many 
 years Mr. Fitzpatrick 
 has been prominent 
 in all movements for 
 the welfare of the 
 Irish people, being 
 intimately associated 
 with the great leaders 
 both in America and 
 in Ireland. He was 
 for a longtime presi- 
 dent of the Municipal 
 Council of the Irish 
 National Land 
 League ; has been 
 president of the 
 Catholic Union, the 
 most influential 
 Catholic organization 
 in Boston ; director 
 of the Working Boys' 
 Home ; is a member 
 of the Catholic Order of Foresters, of the Charitable 
 Irish Society, and of many other organizations ; director 
 of the Union Institution for Sa\ings, and also of the 
 Newton Co-operative Bank, which he helped to estab- 
 lish. Mr. Fitz]3atick was married in 1875 to Miss Sarah 
 Gleason, of Fitchburg. They have seven children, five 
 sons and two daughters, for whom Mr. Fitzpatrick has 
 established and maintains, at his home in West Newton, 
 a private school, one of the few of its kind in America. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 119 
 
 ■^ i' 
 
 VERY REV. WILLIAM BYRNE, D. D., vicar- 
 general of the archdiocese of Boston, is one of 
 the best known of American churchmen. Dr. Byrne 
 was born in Kilmessan, County Meath, Ireland, in 1835, 
 went to Baltimore in 1852, and went into business; 
 but finally, convinced of his call to the i)riesthood, left 
 a good position and brilliant prospects. He pursued 
 his ecclesiastical studies at Mt. St. Mary's College, 
 Emmittsburg, Md., and was ordainetl for the diocese of 
 Boston, Dec. 31, 
 1864. For some 
 time before his ordi- 
 nation, and for a 
 year thereafter, h e 
 was professor of 
 mathematics and 
 Greek at the college. 
 He was recalled to 
 Boston late in 1865. 
 The Rt. Rev. John 
 
 J. Williams, after his Hjfi "HB^' 
 
 consecration as 
 
 Bishop of Boston, .^t^ 
 
 March 11, 1866, ap- „ — .. 
 
 pointed Father Byrne 
 chancellor of the 
 diocese. Later he 
 was made pastor of 
 St. Mary's, Charles- 
 town. Dr. Byrne 
 had the privilege, on 
 June 6, 1875, of offi- 
 ciating at the first 
 Catholic religious 
 services ever held in 
 the State Prison, 
 Charlestown. On the 
 
 death of the Very WILLIAM BYRNE. 
 
 Rev. P. F. Lyndon, 
 April 18, 1S78, Dr. 
 
 Byrne succeeded him in the office of vicar-general. In 
 1880 he was induced to accept the presidency of Mt. 
 St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, Md., in order that he might 
 extricate it from financial difficulties. This he accom- 
 plished in three years and won the grateful esteem of 
 the whole American episcopate and priesthood. On his 
 return to Boston, he succeeded to the pastorate of St. 
 Joseiih's. Dr. Byrne was the founder of the Boston 
 Temperance Missions. He was administrator of the 
 
 archdiocese during Archbishop Williams' visits to Rome 
 in 1883 and 1887; he also represented the archbishop 
 in Rome at the Golden Jul)ilee of Pope Leo XIII., in 
 1888. While in Rome he received many marks of 
 sjjecial favor from the authorities there. At the St. 
 Patrick's day banquet in London in 1888, he responded 
 to the toast ," The Irish in America." Dr. Byrne is a 
 clear and vigorous writer. The chapter on "The 
 Roman Catholic Church in Boston," in "The Memorial 
 
 History of Boston," 
 is from his pen; 
 and his new book, 
 "Catholic Doctrine," 
 has received the 
 highest commenda- 
 tion from Archbishop 
 Williams, Cardinal 
 Gibbons, and other 
 high authorities. He 
 is often called u|ion 
 to state the Catholic 
 attitude toward burn- 
 ing questions. Some 
 years ago the Uni- 
 versalist ministers of 
 Boston sent him an 
 invitation to prepare 
 a paper to be read 
 before one of their 
 conferences, to which 
 he responded by an 
 admirable address on 
 "Aids to Practical 
 Piety," which was 
 very well received. 
 Early in 189.2, Dr. 
 Byrne accepted an 
 invitation to a stu- 
 dents' conference at 
 Harvard University, 
 and read before them a masterly paper on "Authority 
 as a Medium of Religious Knowledge." Dr. Byrne was 
 one of the closest friends of the brilliant John Boyle 
 O'Reilly, and projected and carried out successfully one 
 of the most interesting memorials to the lamented dead 
 — the portrait bust, executed by the sculptor Samuel 
 Kitson, in the Catholic LTniversity. He has lately pub- 
 lished, in " Donahoe's Magazine," a paper on the school 
 question that has attracted much attention. 
 
120 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THOUGH not born or reared under the Arcadian 
 influences that have shaped the lives of so many 
 of Boston's men of letters, Thomas 'Bailey Aldrich, now 
 in his sunny prime, — the most pointed and exquisite of 
 living American lyrical craftsmen, — is justly awarded a 
 place at the head of the younger art school. As editor for 
 several years of the " Atlantic Monthly," he was one of the 
 central figures in a group that included the most famous 
 names in American literature. And since his retirement 
 from editorial duties 
 his pen has been as 
 busy as ever before. 
 A poet of inborn 
 taste, a votary of the 
 beautiful, many of his 
 delicately conceived 
 pieces are unexcelled 
 by any modern work, 
 and they illustrate the 
 American instinct 
 which unites a Saxon 
 honesty of feeling to 
 that artistic subtilty 
 in which the French 
 surpass the world. 
 His shorter tales and 
 sketches, fi n i s h e d 
 like so many poems 
 in prose, are as spark- 
 lingly original as they 
 are delightful for the 
 the airy by-play, the 
 refined nuances, of a 
 captivating literary 
 style. Thomas Bailey 
 Aldrich was born a 
 poet. That h a p - 
 pened Nov. ii, 1836, 
 at Portsmouth, N. H., 
 the " Rivermouth " of 
 
 his stories, and before he had reached the age of nine- 
 teen he gave, in "The Bells," the first proof of his 
 birthright. He began a course of study preparatory to 
 entering college, but relinquished his purpose on the 
 death of his father, and undertook mercantile life in 
 the counting-room of his uncle, a merchant in New 
 York. The muse, however, was not to be balked. He 
 remained with his uncle three years, and during this 
 period frequently contributed verses to the New York 
 
 THOMAS BAILEY/ ALDRICH 
 
 journals. A collection of his poems was published in 
 New York in 1855, the volume taking its name from 
 the initial piece, "The Bells." A most successful poem, 
 "Baby Bell," published in 1856, was generally copied 
 throughout the entire country, and perhaps it was the 
 favor with which it was received that induced him to 
 abandon mercantile pursuits for a literary career. He 
 obtained a position as reader for a publishing house, 
 and became a frequent contributor to the New York 
 
 Evening Mirror, the 
 " Knickerb o c k e r ," 
 " Putnam's M a g a - 
 zine," and the weekly 
 newspapers. In 1856 
 he joined the staff of 
 the New York Home 
 Journal, which was 
 then under the man- 
 agement of Nathan- 
 iel P. Willis and 
 George P. Morris. 
 He continued in this 
 position three years, 
 during which time 
 his pen was busy, 
 many of his poems 
 and stories becom- 
 ing popular favorites. 
 In 1866 he came to 
 Boston to take the 
 editorial charge of 
 Evetj Saturday, and 
 in 1 88 1 was called 
 to the editorship 
 of the "Atlantic 
 Monthly," to succeed 
 W. D. Howells. Mr. 
 Aldrich's best-known 
 prose works are: 
 " The Story of a Bad 
 Boy," which is in some degree autobiographical, and 
 which, under the name of "The Young Desperado," 
 was contributed to " Our Young Folks " many years 
 ago ; " Prudence Palfrey," and " Marjorie Daw, and 
 Other Stories." Translations of his books have had a 
 wide circulation in Europe. He was married in 1865, 
 has two sons, twins, and lives in a beautiful home at 
 No. 59 Mt. Vernon Street. His readers are familiar with 
 the name of Ponkapog, his summer residence. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 121 
 
 THE most familiar name in the history of American 
 music is that of Dr. Lowell Mason, who accom- 
 plished more than any other man for the introduction 
 of music into schools. One of his sons is Dr. William 
 Mason, of New York, a well-known composer. Another 
 son, Henry, built the first American cabinet or parlor 
 organ, and with Mr. Hamlin, in 1854, established a 
 business that has grown to enormous proportions, 
 acquiring a world-wide reputation, and is now known as 
 the Mason & Hamlin 
 Organ and Piano 
 Company. Of this 
 company Edward P. ' 
 
 Mason, son of Henr}-, 
 and grandson of Dr. 
 l,owell Mason, is the 
 president. He was 
 born in Cambridge, 
 Mass., June 13, 1859, 
 the son of Henry 
 and Helen Augusta 
 (Palmer) Mason. 
 Having attended 
 public and private 
 schools, he entered 
 Harvard College and 
 graduated in 1881, 
 among his classmates 
 being Rev. Dr. 
 George A. Gordon, 
 pastor of the Old 
 South Church, and 
 Mr. Charles M a c - 
 Veagh (son of Wayne 
 MacVeagh), Grover 
 Cleveland's law part- 
 ner. After gradua- 
 ting, Mr. Mason en- 
 tered his father's 
 business, beginning 
 
 at the bottom and working his way up. In 1884 he 
 went to the New York house of the Mason & Hamlin 
 Company, and in 188S was made its manager. He held 
 this position until Jan. i, 1890, when he was elected 
 treasurer of the company, and returned to Boston. 
 Upon the death of his father, in May of the same year, 
 he was chosen president of the company, the office 
 which he now holds. Mr. Mason was married in 1886 
 to Miss Mary Lord Taintor, of South Orange, N. J. 
 
 EDWARD P. MASON 
 
 They have two children living. Their home is in 
 Boston. The .\merican cabinet organ is the most 
 widely used of large musical instruments. It was in- 
 troduced in its present general form by Mason & Ham- 
 lin, in 1861, and its use has extended to all civilized 
 countries, about eighty thousand being now manufac- 
 tured yearly in the United States. The present busi- 
 ness, which, until 1868, had been conducted under the 
 name of Mason & Hamlin, was in that year incorpo- 
 rated under the laws 
 o f Massachusetts, 
 and has a paid-up 
 capital of fi\e hun- 
 dred thousand 
 dollars. The man- 
 ufactories of the 
 Mason & Hamlin 
 Organ and Piano 
 Company, situated 
 a t Cambridgeport, 
 employ five hundred 
 skilled workmen in 
 the various depart- 
 ments. The Mason 
 & Hamlin organs 
 have carried off the 
 highest medals and 
 premiums at all the 
 great world's fairs 
 since and including 
 that of Paris in 1867. 
 In the kindred field 
 of piano manufac- 
 turing the company 
 has met with pro- 
 nounced succetis, the 
 Mason & Hamlin 
 piano presenting 
 radical improve- 
 ments in the method 
 of stringing, by which an unusually pure and refined musi- 
 cal tone and great durability are secured, with greatly 
 decreased liability to getting out of tune. In every 
 respect the Mason & Hamlin pianos are constructed in 
 accordance with the most advanced principles of the 
 art, and their singing capacity is marvellous ; the tone 
 powerful, sweet, and brilliant, the scale perfect and the 
 actions the best in every respect. Mr. Mason is con- 
 nected with the leading social clubs of Boston. 
 
122 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 J 
 
 OSEPH O. BURDETT, who is prominent in the 
 councils of the Republican party of Massachu- 
 setts, was born in Wakefield (then South Reading), 
 Middlesex County, Oct. 30, 1848, being the son of 
 Joseph and Sally (Mansfield) Burdett. His early edu- 
 cation was obtained in the public schools of Wakefield, 
 and in 1867 he entered Tufts College, at Medford. He 
 was a very hard-working student here, and was gradu- 
 ated second in his class, notwithstanding the fact that 
 he had to be absent 
 nearly one half the 
 time to earn the 
 money necessary for 
 the other half. He 
 took up the study of 
 law immediately 
 upon his graduation, 
 in the office of Judge 
 Hammond, then city 
 solicitor of Cam- 
 bridge, and in the 
 same year entered 
 the Harvard I. a w 
 School. On April 
 19, 1873, he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 
 Middlesex County, 
 and during the fol- 
 lowing year practised 
 with Judge Ham- 
 mond. In 1874 he 
 moved to Hingham. 
 where he now lives, 
 and in the following 
 year opened an oiifice 
 in Boston, where his 
 great industry and 
 integrity soon built 
 up for him a lucra- 
 tive practice. For 
 
 more than fifteen years he has been a member of the 
 Hingham School Board, and its chairman for more than 
 ten years. In public affairs Mr. Burdett has always 
 taken an active interest, and this has led him several 
 times into public office. Hull and Hingham, in 1S84, 
 sent him to the lower branch of the General Court, and 
 in that term of service he was chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Public Service. He reported a civil service 
 bill which, largely through his earnest and intelligent 
 
 JOSEPH 0. BURDETT 
 
 labor, became the law of the State, it being most per- 
 sistently fought at every stage of its progress toward 
 passage. In the following year he was re-elected, and 
 while retaining his position as chairman of the Public 
 Ser\'ice Committee, he was also a member of the Judi- 
 ciary Committee. In the more important tlebates in 
 the House that year he was prominent. In 1886 Mr. 
 Burdett was made a member of the Republican State 
 Central Committee, and in that body he showed a 
 
 political shrewdness 
 and capacity for or- 
 ganization and ef- 
 fective work which 
 won deserved recog- 
 nition. When the 
 committee was reor- 
 ganized, in 1889, he 
 was u n a n i m o u s 1 )' 
 elected chairman, 
 and remained in that 
 position three years, 
 serving with fidelity 
 and energy. The 
 next year his growing 
 business called him 
 away from the scene 
 of active politics, and 
 he again devoted 
 himself to the pro- 
 fession which he 
 graces, and in which 
 he has gained much 
 prominence. M r . 
 Burdett has consid- 
 erable aptitude for 
 business, and is 
 director of the Rock- 
 land Hotel Com- 
 pany, which owns 
 the two beautiful and 
 famed hotels at Nantasket, — the Nantasket and Rock- 
 land houses. He is also a director in the Weymouth 
 Light and Power Company, which furnishes light to the 
 towns of Weymouth and Hingham. He is now actively 
 engaged in the practice of law in Boston. In 1874, 
 upon his removal to Hingham, Mr. Burdett married Ella, 
 daughter of John K. and Joan J. Corthell, of that town. 
 His three children are : Harold Corthell, Edith Mans- 
 field, and Helen Ripley Burdett. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 123 
 
 NEARLY three generations of Bostonians have been 
 trained to love the choral classics given by the 
 venerable Handel and Haydn Society, of which Carl 
 Zerrahn is the leader. There can be no doubt that 
 much of the progress of the society, from its crude 
 beginning in 18 15 to the lofty ideals and achievements 
 which it attained within two or three decades after its 
 foundation, was due to the influence of German musi- 
 cians, just as it has reached the high-water mark of its 
 efficiency under the 
 artistic direction of 
 the German who is 
 still at the post which 
 he accepted in Sep- 
 tember, 1854. For 
 more than a genera- 
 tion Carl Zerrahn 
 has, by virtue of his 
 position as conductor 
 of the society, been 
 the most conspicu- 
 ous chorus leader in 
 America. He was 
 born in IMalchow, 
 in the grand duchy 
 of Mecklenburg- 
 Schwerin, July 28, 
 1826. He began the 
 study of music when 
 he was twelve years 
 old, under F. Web- 
 ber, in Rostock, and 
 subsequently studied 
 in Hanover and Ber- 
 lin. The agitated 
 state of the country 
 about the time he 
 attained his major- 
 ity, culminating in 
 the revolution of 
 
 March, 1848, had a serious effect on the musical inter- 
 ests of Germany, and influenced many to seek refuge in 
 America. Among others, Mr. Zerrahn, and about a 
 score of kindred spirits, determined to leave the Father- 
 land and organized what was known as the Germania 
 Musical Society. They visited London, where a series 
 of entertainments was given with distinguished artistic 
 success. In August, 1848, they left London for the 
 United States, and gave a series of sixteen concerts in 
 
 CARL ZERRAHN. 
 
 New York and Brooklyn, meeting with unbounded suc- 
 cess. The series closed in November, after which they 
 visited Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, and 
 then came to Boston, where their success was such as 
 to cause the number of their concerts to be extended 
 to twenty-two. Subsequently the company appeared 
 many times in conjunction with Madame Sontag, Ole 
 Bull, and other distinguished artists. In 1854 the com- 
 pany disbanded, and in a short time Mr. Zerrahn was 
 
 appointed conductor 
 of the Handel and 
 Haydn Society. In 
 1866 he was chosen 
 conductor of the 
 Har\ard Symphony 
 Association. He has 
 also been conductor 
 of the Philharmonic 
 Society, of the Salem 
 Oratorio Society, of 
 the Lynn Choral 
 Union, of the Taun- 
 ton Beethoven Soci- 
 ety, and of the 
 Exeter Choral Union. 
 For many years he 
 has been teacher of 
 classes in the art of 
 conducting,harmony, 
 composition, etc., at 
 the New England 
 Conservatory of 
 Music. He was 
 prominently engaged 
 in the management 
 of the Peace Jubilees 
 of 1869 and 1872. 
 He has also had ex- 
 clusive control over 
 the Handel and 
 Haydn Triennial Festivals. Thoroughly familiar with 
 all the great vocal and instrumental works, he is equal 
 to any emergency, and when he waves his baton he is 
 as calm as a summer morn, every movement and wave 
 of his hand indicating as thorough a knowledge of and 
 preparation for the important work of any particular 
 occasion as though no other care had ever engaged his 
 attention. Carl Zerrahn's honorable place in the history 
 of music in .America is firmly established. 
 
124 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 LAWYER, i)olitician and business man, Halsey J. 
 Boardman is one of the active figures in the Hfe 
 of contemporary Boston. He was born May 19, 1834, 
 in Norwich, Windsor County, ^'t., the son of Nathaniel 
 and Sarah (Hunt) Boardman. His earliest ancestor in 
 this country was Samuel Boardman, a Puritan, who set- 
 tled in Connecticut in 1631. In the public schools of 
 his native town he was fitted for Thetford Academy, and 
 graduated from that institution in 1854 as the valedic- 
 torian of his class. 
 Entering Dartmouth 
 College in the same 
 year, he graduated 
 in 1858 with high 
 honors. .After teach- 
 ing the high school 
 in Leominster, Mass., 
 one year, he c o n - 
 tinued, in the ofifice 
 of Norcross & Snow 
 a t Fitchburg, and 
 later with Philip H. 
 Sears at Boston, the 
 study of law, which 
 he had pursued while 
 teaching. Admitted 
 to the Suffolk bar in 
 i860, he began the 
 practice of 1 a w, i n 
 Boston, as senior 
 partner of the firm 
 of Boardman & 
 Blodgett, this rela- 
 tion continuing until 
 the elevation of the 
 junior partner, Caleb 
 Blodgett, to the 
 bench of the Superior 
 Court. Subsequently, 
 Stephen H. Tyng was 
 
 admitted as partner, and later Frank Paul. Mr. Board- 
 man is now in practice alone. During the past few- 
 years he has been engaged in various manufacturing 
 and railroad interests, which have necessitated frequent 
 and prolonged absences from the city and State. His 
 business and legal talents have made him influential in 
 many quarters. He is president of the Duluth & Win- 
 nipeg Railroad Company, and a director of se\eral other 
 railroad corporations. He is also president of the F^vans 
 
 HALSEY J. BOARDMAN. 
 
 Coal Company, a large producer of anthracite coal in 
 Pennsylvania; jjresident of the Commercial Mining 
 Company of Colorado, and director of the Boston 
 Marine Insurance Company. Mr. Boardman has been 
 rejieatedly called by his fellow-citizens to public ofifice. 
 From 1862 to 1864 he was commissioner of the Board 
 of Enrolment, under President Lincoln, for the fourth 
 Congressional district. He was also chairman of the 
 Republican V^'ard and City Committee of Boston in 
 
 1874, member of 
 the Common Coun- 
 cil, and its president, 
 in 1875 ; Republican 
 candidate for mayor 
 in the same year; 
 member of the lower 
 House of the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature 
 from 1883 to 1885 
 inclusive. In the 
 House he was a 
 member of the Rail- 
 road Committee dur- 
 ing his entire term, 
 and House chairman 
 during the last two 
 years. In this capa- 
 city he was instru- 
 mental in securing a 
 large amount of legis- 
 lation calculated to 
 improve the railroad 
 senice in this State, 
 notably pro\isions 
 for the change of 
 railroad crossings, 
 safety couplers on 
 freight cars, regula- 
 t i o n s against dis- 
 crimination in freight 
 rates, and for improvement in signals and precautions 
 enforced against color blindness, — all matters involving 
 exhaustive e.xamination and sound judgment. He was 
 elected to the State Senate in 1887 and 1888, and was 
 l)resident of that body both years. Mr. Boardman's 
 influence upon the railroad legislation of Massachusetts 
 has probably been as great and far-reaching as that of 
 any other man. He was married in 1862 to Miss 
 Georgia M. Hinman, of Boston. They have two daughters. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 125 
 
 JOHN M. GRAHAM, president of the International 
 Trust Company, was born June 25, 1843, of Scotch 
 parents, coming with them to this country when he was 
 ten years of age. From a long line of pure Scotch an- 
 cestry he inherited those strong traits of character that 
 have enabled him to win a conspicuous place among 
 American financiers. He was educated in the Fitch- 
 burg, Mass., public schools, and in i860 was appointed 
 librarian of the Fitchburg Public Library, at the same 
 time beginning the 
 study of law. He 
 gave so good satis- 
 faction as assistant 
 librarian that in 1861 
 he was elected as 
 chief librarian over 
 his former superior 
 and competitor, re- 
 ceiving a unanimous 
 re-election in 1862 
 and again in 1863, 
 when he resigned to 
 accept a position in 
 the Rollstone Bank 
 of Fitchburg. He 
 continued the study 
 of law, expecting to 
 be admitted to the 
 bar when he became 
 of age, but the at- 
 tractions of banking 
 proved too strong, 
 and he relinquished 
 all thoughts of a legal 
 career. As assistant 
 cashier and as cashier 
 he remained with the 
 bank — which mean- 
 while had become a 
 national bank — 
 
 until 1 88 1, when he resigned to take up the business of 
 the negotiation of municipal bonds and loans and com- 
 mercial paper in Boston. In this he was very success- 
 ful, his faculty of investigation making him a good judge 
 of credit, and he always refused to negotiate any loan 
 the quality of which was the least in doubt. In 1881 
 he was invited to the presidency of the International 
 Trust Company, which had been chartered and begun 
 business in 1879, but had not been eminently success- 
 
 JOHN M. GRAHAM. 
 
 ful. Its capital stock was ^300,000, selling on the 
 market at eighty cents on the dollar, the deposits 
 amounting to about $500,000. After an investigation, 
 Mr. Graham became satisfied that with good manage- 
 ment the company could be made a success, and there- 
 fore, on March i, 1882, he accepted its presidency. 
 Putting his characteristic energy, industry and perse- 
 verance into the work, and surrounding himself with an 
 able and conservative board of directors, the company 
 
 soon entered upon a 
 career of unexampled 
 prosperity. To-day 
 the company, under 
 his m a n a g e m e n t, 
 with its capital of 
 $1,000,000, its sur- 
 plus (reserved earn- 
 ings) of $700,000, 
 other undivided prof- 
 its of $242,000, with 
 ^^ deposits of nearly 
 
 ^f^f"- ^V $6,000,000, and trust 
 
 -^^^ ^B deposits of over 
 
 $1,000,000, stands 
 second to no other 
 financial institution 
 in the city in the 
 character of its offi- 
 cers and directors, 
 its conservative man- 
 agement, financial 
 standing and public 
 esteem. The com- 
 pany is also the only 
 trust or safe deposit 
 company in the city 
 owning its own busi- 
 ness quarters, which 
 in this case is not 
 only the most beau- 
 tiful ofifice building in Boston, but is, at the same time, 
 a credit to the broad, liberal and far-seeing management 
 of the company, and a monument to its president, who 
 by his ability, energy and perseverance, has contributed 
 so much to its remarkable success. Although with an 
 experience of over a quarter of a century in the pro- 
 fession of banking, Mr. Graham is still a young man, 
 older than he looks, but with excellent health and a 
 great capacity for work. 
 
126 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 CONSPICUOUS among the men of foreign birth 
 who have helped to maintain the high standing 
 of Massachusetts in the commercial and manufacturing 
 world is Robert Bleakie, who was born in Rutherglen, 
 
 Scotland, Aug. i, 183 
 
 At the age of fourteen he ac- 
 
 companied his father to Amesbury, Mass., where the 
 latter had been engaged by the .Amesbury Manufacturing 
 Company to start for them the making of fancy cassi- 
 meres. Young Bleakie had already gone through the 
 training of bobbin 
 winding and power- 
 loom weaving, and 
 had served an 
 apprenticeship as a 
 hand -loom weaver, 
 so he, too, went to 
 work in .'Amesbury 
 on the power looms. 
 He remained here 
 four years, and 
 in 1852 went to 
 Providence, R. I., 
 where he found em- 
 ployment at $1.08 a 
 tlay in the El m 
 .Street Mill. In 1858 
 John W. Stitt & Co., 
 of New York, en- 
 gaged him to take 
 charge of their fac- 
 tories at Franklin, 
 N. J., where he was 
 highly successful in 
 l»is relations with 
 both employers and 
 employees. In i860 
 he hired a cotton 
 batting mill at Tol- 
 land, Conn., and 
 fitted it up as a one- 
 set woollen mill, starting thus in business for himself. 
 The venture proved to be very successful, and flattering 
 offers were made to induce Mr. Bleakie to return to 
 Rhode Island. The negotiations were abandoned, how- 
 ever, and Mr. Bleakie went to Hyde Park, Mass., where 
 he assumed the management of the Hyde Park Woollen 
 Company's mill. He retained this jwsition until 1873, 
 when the mill was destroyed by fire. During the next 
 two years Mr. Bleakie visited and inspected a large 
 
 ROBERT BLEAKIE 
 
 number of mills throughout New England in the ca- 
 pacity of an expert. The foundation of the present firm 
 of Robert Bleakie & Co. was laid in 1875, when Robert 
 Bleakie, John S. Bleakie, and C. F. Allen purchased the 
 Webster Mill at Sabattus, Me., and afterwards acquired 
 the .Amesbury mills. In 1878 the firm bought and en- 
 larged the Hyde Park Woollen Company's property. 
 No woollen manufacturing firm in the United States 
 stands higher in the market than Robert Bleakie & Co. 
 
 Though for years en- 
 grossed in the cares 
 of a large manufac- 
 turing business, Mr. 
 Bleakie has always 
 taken a lively inter- 
 est in the laws that 
 govern trade, and 
 has made for himself 
 a reputation as an 
 original and vigorous 
 thinker on the tariff 
 question, to which 
 he has given much 
 attention. He is an 
 advocate of tariff re- 
 duction and of free 
 raw materials. His 
 published letters on 
 this subject in 1888 
 and in subsequent 
 years have done 
 much toward cliang- 
 ing the sentiment of 
 New England manu- 
 facturers on the tariff 
 question. Mr. 
 Bleakie has fre- 
 quently been hon- 
 ored with offices of 
 trust by his fellow- 
 citizens. He is chairman of the Hyde Park Board of 
 Selectmen, president of the Hyde Park Savings Bank, 
 and of the Hyde Park Water Company, and vice- 
 president of the Massachusetts Tariff Reform League. 
 He has also been an executive officer of the Woollen 
 Goods Association of New York City. In i860 Mr. 
 Bleakie married Miss Isabella Henderson, who died in 
 1880, leaving him three children. In 1882 he married 
 Miss Mary .A. Wetherell, by whom he has one son. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 127 
 
 AMI''>RICAN machinery leads the world. The Amer- 
 ican machinist is conseciuently the first in his 
 class. A man of the times is Benjamin Franklin Radford. 
 He is a machinist of the best school. When, in 1872, 
 the American Tool and Machine Company found it 
 necessary to remove from Woburn and erect in Hyde 
 Park a new and enlarged foundry department, Mr. 
 Radford had been connected with the corporation for 
 eight years. No better illustration of the value of hav- 
 ing such a man at the 
 helm can be given 
 than the fact that the 
 first year in Hyde 
 Park the company 
 employed but twenty- 
 four men, while to- 
 day it gives employ- 
 ment to about two 
 hundred antl seventy- 
 fi\ e men at Hyde 
 Park, in addition to 
 one hundred and 
 twenty-five at its 
 Boston shop. The 
 weekly pay-roll, in 
 Hyde Park alone, is 
 about three thousand 
 dollars. Handsome 
 buildings have been 
 erected for the vari- 
 ous departments o f 
 the company's works. 
 This business, turn- 
 ing out implements 
 of world-wide fame, 
 has been built up 
 with Mr. Radford in 
 charge of its desti- 
 nies, first, as super- 
 intendent of con- 
 struction, and now as jiresident and general manager. 
 Benjamin Franklin, son of Daniel and Dorcas (Barton) 
 Radford, was born in Portland, Me., Oct. 11, 1S27. x-\t 
 the age of twelve he was placed with a farmer in East 
 Limington, Me., to serve until he became of age, but in 
 1842 he was released from this obligation, and began to 
 learn his trade as a machinist in Manchester, N. H., 
 being then fifteen years old. In 1846 he removed to 
 Gloucester, N. J., and, still in his teens, became a con- 
 
 BENJAMIN F. RADFORD, 
 
 tractor for the manufacture of cotton machinery, employ- 
 ing from twenty to fifty men. From 1850 to 1857, Mr. 
 Radford was employed in and about Boston, part of the 
 time as suiierintendent for Howard & Davis, manufac- 
 turers of clocks and sewing machines. In 1858 he 
 entered the firm of George H. Fo.\ &: Co., of Kingston 
 Street, Boston. In 1864 this firm transferred its busi- 
 ness to the newly organized American Tool and Machine 
 Company, which corporation Mr. Radford has steadily 
 
 steered into the wa- 
 ters of prosperity. Mr. 
 Radford is a potent 
 factor in the social, 
 political, and indus- 
 trial interests of 
 Hyde Park. Besides 
 being one of the as- 
 sociate incorporators 
 of the Hyde Park 
 Sa\ings Bank when 
 it was organized in 
 1 87 1, Mr. Radford 
 was one of its vice- 
 presidents from 1 87 1 
 to 1874, and again 
 from 1888 to the 
 present time. He 
 also served as trustee 
 and member of the 
 Board of Investment 
 from 1880 to 1887. 
 He was an incorpo- 
 rator of the Hyde 
 Park \\'ater Com- 
 pany, of which he is 
 a director ; was pres- 
 ident of the Waverly 
 Club from its incep- 
 tion to 1890 ; is a 
 member of Hyde 
 Park Lodge, F. and A. M., and has been one of the vice- 
 l>residents of the Hyde Park Historical Society since its 
 formation. He is a man of robust temperament, strong 
 and sturdy. \\'ith a frank and jileasant manner, he is 
 popular among his townsmen and business associates, 
 and his force of character has made him a natural leader. 
 In religion Mr. Radford is a Methodist. In politics 
 he is independent. Mr. Radford is happily married, 
 and his marriage has been blessed with children. 
 
128 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ALANSON WILDER BEARD, collector of the port 
 of Boston, was born in Ludlow, Vt., on Aug. 20, 
 1825, being the son of James and Chloe Bartlett (Wilder) 
 Beard. In 1835 Mr. Beard's parents removed to Stock- 
 bridge, and there he was bred as a farmer's son. At 
 home and in the public schools he gained his education, 
 and from the age of seventeen to twenty-one he taught 
 in the public and private schools. In the spring of 
 1847 he made his first business venture, becoming pro- 
 prietor of the " gen- 
 eral store " at Pitts- 
 field, Vt. In April, 
 
 1853, he sold his 
 interest in this and 
 removed to Boston, 
 where he entered the 
 wholesale clothing 
 business in Septem- 
 ber, as a salesman for 
 Whiting, Kehoe & 
 Gal loupe. In the 
 spring of 1856 he 
 went into business 
 for h i m s e 1 f, as a 
 wholesale clothing 
 dealer, and continued 
 in the trade until 
 1879. He is still 
 connected with the 
 clothing business, 
 having a store in 
 Lowell. Mr. Beard 
 early took an interest 
 in public affairs, a 
 goodly part of his 
 life has been devoted 
 to public service, and 
 he has been signally 
 honored, politically. 
 While resident in 
 
 Pittsfield, Vt., he held several local offices from 1847 
 to 1853, and was postmaster of that place from 1848 to 
 
 1854. In 1864 he was made a member of the Republi- 
 can State Central Committee of Massachusetts, and suc- 
 ceeded himself in 1865, 1866, 1883 and 1884. In 1875, 
 1876 and 1885 he was chairman of that committee. In 
 1870 and 1871 he was a member of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives from Brookline, and from Boston in 1884 and 
 1885. In 1870 he was chairman of the Committee of 
 
 ALANSON WILDER BEARD, 
 
 Mercantile Affairs; in 1871, on prisons; in 1884, on 
 taxation, and in 1885 on finance. In all these four 
 years he was a member of the last-named committee. 
 In 187 1 Mr. Beard started an agitation for the exemp- 
 tion of mortgage notes from taxation, and this he kept 
 up persistently until, in 1881, the law of exemption was 
 passed, and much of the credit for this valuable public 
 measure is due to him. Mr. Beard was a delegate to 
 the'National Republican Convention at Chicago in 1868 
 
 and again in 1888, 
 being in the latter 
 year a member of the 
 Committee on Reso- 
 lutions, and one of 
 the sub-committee to 
 draft the same. In 
 1878 he was ap- 
 pointed collector of 
 the port of Boston 
 and served as such 
 four years. In 1885 
 he was elected treas- 
 urer of the Com- 
 monwealth, a n d re- 
 elected in 1886 and 
 1887, when he de- 
 clined a re-nomina- 
 tion. In 1890 he 
 was again made col- 
 lector of the port by 
 President Harrison. 
 In the councils of 
 the Reiiulilican 
 l)arty M r. Beard 
 stands very high, and 
 his integrity is frankly 
 acknowledged by his 
 political opponents. 
 He is a most effective 
 speaker on political 
 subjects, and for many years has taken an active jiart in 
 every political campaign in Massachusetts, his speeches 
 on the stump and at \arious gatherings of his party being 
 remarkable for their clearness, vigor, and aggressiveness. 
 He is a thorough Republican of the " old school." Mr. 
 Beard was married in 1848 to Mary Calista, daughter of 
 Harvey and Sophia (Roberts) Morgan. James Wallace 
 (deceased), Amherst Wilder (deceased), and Charles 
 Freeland Beard were the children of this union. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 129 
 
 IN most essential respects the Boston yoiirna/ is an 
 ideal newspaper, combining as it does reliability 
 with enterprise and brilliancy. The influence which it 
 wields to-day in New England is largely due to the 
 ability of its general manager, Stephen O'Meara, who 
 has done much to improve its various departments, 
 introduced new machinery and methods, changed the 
 old-fashioned folio to a modern (juarto, greatly enlarged 
 its resources, and materially increased its circulation. 
 Mr. O ' M e a r a was 
 born in Charlotte- 
 town, Prince Edward 
 Island, July 26, 1854, 
 and came to Boston 
 with his parents when 
 he was ten years of 
 age. He was edu- 
 cated at the Harvard 
 Grammar School and 
 at the Charlestown 
 High School, from 
 which he graduated 
 with honors. His 
 regular newspaper 
 career began the day 
 after he left school, 
 for he was at once 
 engaged as Charles- 
 town reporter for the 
 Boston Globe, a few 
 months later becom- 
 ing a member of the 
 reportorial staff. He 
 remained on the 
 Globe until Decem- 
 ber, 1874, when he 
 resigned to accept a 
 position as shorthand 
 reporter on the Bos- 
 ton 'jfournal. H i s 
 
 work as political reporter gained for him a substantial 
 reputation, and in May, 1879, he was promoted to the 
 position of city editor. In 1881, after the death of 
 Managing Editor Stockwell, Mr. O'Meara was advanced 
 to the post of news editor, a position which gave him 
 the immediate direction of all reporters and correspond- 
 ents, and the supervision of the work of all persons 
 engaged in the collection and handling of news for the 
 Journal. He filled this position for ten years, and on 
 
 STEPHEN O'MEARA 
 
 July I, 1 89 1, became general manager of the paper, 
 when failing health necessitated the resignation of the 
 late Colonel W. W. Clapp. Mr. O'Meara was for two 
 years president of the Charlestown High School Associa- 
 tion, and in 1885 he was the orator of that organization 
 at its annual reunion. He was the first instructor in 
 phonography in the Boston Evening High School, in 
 which capacity he served with marked success for four 
 years. He has been auditor and is now treasurer and 
 
 a member of the 
 executive committee 
 of the New England 
 Associated Press. 
 His interest in jour- 
 nalism and his popu- 
 larity among news- 
 pa ]> e r men are 
 evidenced by the 
 fact that within a 
 few months after the 
 organization of the 
 Boston Press Club 
 he was elected its 
 president, in which 
 position he remained 
 for three years. He 
 is at present secre- 
 tary and treasurer of 
 the Boston Daily 
 Newspaper Associa- 
 tion, which is com- 
 posed of the man- 
 agers of the Boston 
 daily papers. M r . 
 O'Meara is a trustee 
 of the Massachusetts 
 State Library by ap- 
 pointment of Gov- 
 ernor Brackett. He 
 has been a member 
 of the executive committee of the Republican Club of 
 Massachusetts, and served as member-at-large of the 
 Committee on Resolutions at the Republican State Con- 
 vention of 1 89 1. In 1888, the honorary degree of 
 master of arts was conferred upon him by Dartmouth 
 College. Mr. O'Meara was married, in 1878, to Miss 
 Isabella M. Squire, of Charlestown, where he now resides 
 with his family of three children. His brother is Henry 
 O'Meara, the ])oet and jfiuriialist. 
 
130 
 
 MASSACHUSRTTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE city of Boston is recognized distinctly as a 
 musical, as well as an art and educational centre, 
 and it is there that the science of manufacturing musi- 
 cal instruments of the highest standard and most subtile 
 mechanical nicety has reached its greatest development. 
 The man whose skill evolves a perfect musical instru- 
 ment deserves proper recognition from the peo|)le of his 
 day and generation. Henry F. Miller was one of the 
 early manufacturers of pianofortes in Boston. He was 
 born in Providence, 
 R. I., Sept. 4, 1825, 
 and was the son of 
 Edward F. and Char- 
 lotte Hitchcock Mil- 
 ler. In his youth he 
 received a superior 
 general education, 
 but it was, without 
 doubt, his es])ecial 
 fondness for music 
 that determined his 
 subsequent career. 
 His first business oc- 
 cupation was that of 
 ]:)ractical watchmaker 
 in his father's estab- 
 lishment in Provi- 
 dence, where h i s 
 inventive genius and 
 skill as a fine mech- 
 anician won h i m 
 much local reputa- 
 tion. He married 
 Frances Virginia, 
 daughter of Captain 
 George C h i 1 d , o f 
 Providence, R. I., 
 and had seven chil- 
 dren, five sons and 
 two daughters. In 
 
 1863 Mr. Miller established a pianoforte manufactory 
 in Boston, after having had, for many years previously, 
 a large experience with some of the piano makers of 
 that city. From the outset he determined to build in- 
 struments of the highest grade only, whose merits would 
 secure recognition from the musical world. The beau- 
 tiful quality of tone produced in the pianos he manu- 
 factured instantly commanded the admiration and 
 patronage of many [irominent musicians, and his busi- 
 
 HENRY F. MILLER 
 
 ness hail a permanent and steady growth, 'lo-dav the 
 reputation of these instruments is identified with con- 
 certs of the highest grade everywhere, being especially 
 conspicuous in the orchestral concerts which are receiv- 
 ing such marked attention in the larger cities of the 
 country. In Boston the warerooms are in the handsome 
 building at No. 156 Tremont Street, and there are 
 branch establishments in Philadelphia and Cincinnati. 
 The manufactory is at Wakefield, Mass., a suburb of 
 
 Boston, where the 
 plant covers over an 
 acre of ground, and 
 contains every facil- 
 ity for the finest 
 work. The business 
 has steadily ]) r o s - 
 pered, and for a long 
 time the house has 
 been recognized as 
 one of the leading 
 establishments in its 
 line of business. Mr. 
 Miller, soon after 
 starting his business, 
 was joined from time 
 to time by his five 
 sons, as they came 
 from school and col- 
 lege ; the younger 
 sons are graduates of 
 the Massach u s e 1 1 s 
 Institute of Technol- 
 ogy, where they com- 
 pleted the full course 
 with credit. The sons 
 have a 1 1 been thor- 
 oughly trained in the 
 making of piano- 
 fortes, and, together 
 with Mr. Joseph H. 
 Gibson, who was associated with Mr. Miller from the 
 start, have present charge of the business. Mr. Miller 
 died in 1884, when the business was reorganized under 
 the corporate name of the Henry F. Miller & Sons Piano 
 Company, whose officers are as follows : president, 
 Henry F. Miller; treasurer, James C. Miller; clerk, 
 William T. Miller ; superintendent, Joseph H. Gibson ; 
 assistant superinten.lent, Edwin C. Miller ; directors, 
 H. F. Miller, J. H. Gibson, W. H. Miller, J. C. Miller. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 I. 3 I 
 
 EUGENE TOMPKINS, manager and sole owner of 
 the Boston Theatre, and manager and half owner 
 of the Academy of Music in New York, comes to his 
 position by right of natural ability and by virtue of 
 inheritance. He was born in Boston, Sept. 28, 1850, 
 and was educated at the Chauncy Hall School. Gradu- 
 ating with high honors, he engaged for a short time in 
 mercantile ])ursuits, which he soon reliniiuished to enter 
 upon a managerial career under his father, who had 
 been for many years 
 at the head of the 
 Boston Theatre. In 
 1877 he made his 
 first important ven- 
 ture. While on a 
 visit to Europe he 
 saw "The Exiles," 
 and secured the 
 American rights to 
 the play from Sar- 
 dou. It was brought 
 out at the Boston 
 Theatre under his 
 direction, was a pro- 
 nounced success, 
 and gave him at once 
 repute as a young 
 man of excellent 
 judgment. In 1878 
 Mr. Tompkins began 
 his active connection 
 with the Boston 
 Theatre, and from 
 that time his mana- 
 gerial record has 
 been distinguished 
 by some of the great- 
 est successes that 
 the American stage 
 has k n o w n . The 
 
 noted Boston Theatre productions that have been 
 brought out by him have excelled in brilliancy and 
 effectiveness of stage i)resentation, and in artistic and 
 financial success, anything of the kind ]jroduced else- 
 where during this period. The list includes "The Sou- 
 dan," which had the phenomenal run of one hundred 
 and sixty-nine nights in Boston. The magnificence 
 with which he invested "The Black Crook," in 1892, at 
 the New York .\cademy of Music, is the talk of the pro- 
 
 fession. Probably no manager of Mr. Tompkins's years 
 carries at the present time such varied and important 
 interests, and manages them so successfully. His busi- 
 ness methods are direct and straightforward, and he 
 enjoys the confidence of all who come in contact with 
 him. He is of an unassuming disposition, and accom- 
 plishes his pur])oses in the least aggressive manner, 
 although decided and outspoken. His fealty to the 
 public is recognized liy his patrons generally, with the 
 
 result that the Bos- 
 ton Theatre has en- 
 joyed the counte- 
 nance and support 
 of the best people 
 in the comminiity. 
 This feeling was es- 
 pecially shown when, 
 in May, 1882, he was 
 tendered a testimo- 
 nial, in which the 
 mayor of the city, 
 the governor of the 
 commonwealth, ex- 
 mayors, ex-gover- 
 nors, and the most 
 prominent people in 
 Boston united in 
 cordial commenda- 
 tion of his efforts to 
 serve the public. 
 Mr. Tomjikins is an 
 agreeable companion 
 among those who 
 know him well, is a 
 member of leading 
 clubs of H O.St on 
 and New York, and 
 personally is a man 
 of great popularity. 
 He does not make 
 friends rashly, but his friendship is staunch and true, 
 and his intercourse with business or social acquaint- 
 ances is distinguished by frankness, sincerity and cour- 
 tesy. It is abundant evidence of his rare good qualities 
 of character that those who come in contact with him 
 socially or in business are his most enthusiastic admir- 
 ers. He holds his friends, who are by no means con- 
 fined to the dramatic profession, strongly and closely by 
 the firmest bonds of loyalty. 
 
 EUGENE TOMPKINS. 
 
132 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ..g^- 
 
 MORE than half a century of an honorable and 
 properous business career, that is still pursued 
 in the place where it began, — that is the record of 
 Theodore Metcalf. His name is almost synonymous 
 with the pharmaceutical trade of Boston, and he has 
 made it stand for reliability and honesty. Mr. Metcalf 
 was born in Dedham, Mass., Jan. 21, 1812. He comes 
 of old colonial stock, his ancestors having come 
 from England and settled in Dedham in 1634, fourteen 
 years after the land- 
 ing of the Pilgrims. 
 In 1826, at the age 
 of f o u r t e e n , M r . 
 Metcalf went to 
 Hartford, Conn., 
 and served his ap- 
 prenticeship as drug- 
 gist's clerk. He re- 
 mained there ten 
 years, and in 1837 
 came to Boston, 
 where he started in 
 business for himself 
 at No. 39 Tremont 
 Street. Here he 
 has continued ever 
 since. A branch 
 house was established 
 later, on the Back 
 Bay, at the corner 
 of Boylston and Clar- 
 endon streets. The 
 fiftieth anniversary 
 of Mr. Metcalf's 
 business life in Bos- 
 ton was celebrated 
 March 29, 1887, 
 with a complimen- 
 tary dinner tendered 
 to him at the Revere 
 
 House by about one hundred of the leading men of 
 Boston, including members of the Druggists' Associa- 
 tion, his Honor Mayor O'Brien, Dr. Oliver Wendell 
 Holmes, William Warren, the actor. Dr. Thomas L. 
 Jenks, and others. There were also present many 
 prominent druggists from New York, Philadelphia, and 
 other cities. The Autocrat helped to make the occa- 
 sion memorable by one of his characteristically witty 
 speeches, giving many reminiscences of the days when 
 
 -^ 
 
 THEODORE METCALF, 
 
 he was a medical practitioner, and when Mr. Metcalf 
 filled his prescriptions. Governor Ames and other dis- 
 tinguished officials, who were unable to be present, sent 
 letters of regret, testifying to their appreciation of Mr. 
 Metcalf's sterling character, and his long and honorable 
 career. Mr. Metcalf was one of the organizers of the 
 Druggists' Association, and was its first president. He 
 is still an active member of that body and of most of the 
 other pharmaceutical organizations. His interests have 
 
 not by any means 
 been wholly confined 
 to his private busi- 
 ness, for he is one 
 of Boston's most 
 public-spirited citi- 
 zens. Mr. Metcalf 
 has been a member 
 of the Board of State 
 Charities of Massa- 
 chusetts, and for 
 nine years was one 
 of the trustees of 
 the Boston City Hos- 
 pital, no emoluments 
 or remuneration ac- 
 companying e it h e r 
 position. I n t h e 
 latter capacity h i s 
 wise counsels were 
 of great value to 
 that institution. 
 Political honors have 
 frequently V) e e n 
 offered to Mr. Met- 
 calf, but he has 
 always declined 
 them. With the ex- 
 ception of two years 
 and a half which he 
 spent in Europe for 
 rest and recreation, and a brief period when he was en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of chemicals, Mr. Metcalf 
 has been continuously in business at No. 39 Tremont 
 Street since March, 1837. This is a record which 
 is almost if not quite without a parallel in Boston 
 business life. He was married in 1864 to the daughter 
 of Mr. E. D. Sohier, of Boston. Five children, the 
 youngest of whom is a son, have been added to the 
 family. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 133 
 
 STATESMAN, lawyer, and publicist, the bare facts of 
 the career of Charles Theodore Russell would 
 require more space for their recital than is here possible. 
 He is the son of the Hon. Charles and Persis Hastings 
 Russell, and was born in Princeton, Mass., Nov. 20, 
 1 81 5. His father was for many years a leading citizen 
 of that town, and his mother, who was a descendant in 
 a direct line of a younger brother of the Earl of Hunting- 
 ton, was remarkable for her attainments and worth. 
 The family is de- 
 scended from Puritan 
 emigrants who came 
 to Boston about the 
 year 1640. Charles 
 Theodore was pre- 
 pared for college 
 partly at the small 
 academy in Prince- 
 ton, and partly under 
 the instruction of the 
 Rev. Mr. Cowles. 
 At a personal sacri- 
 fice on the part of 
 both parents, he and 
 his brother were 
 enabled to go through 
 Har\ard University. 
 He took high rank in 
 his class, and upon 
 graduation delivered 
 the Latin salutatory, 
 anil the valedictory 
 oration when he re- 
 ceived his master's 
 degree. After leav- 
 ing college, Mr. Rus- 
 sell read law in the 
 office of Henry H. 
 Fuller. He subse- 
 quently entered the 
 
 Harvard Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1839. He practised law with Mr. Fuller as partner for 
 two years, and then opened an office for himself ; and 
 in 1845 he and his brother formed the firm of C. T. &: 
 T. H. Russell, which still exists. In addition to the 
 original partners, the firm now includes Mr. Russell's 
 two sons, Charles T., Jr., and William V.., and his 
 nephew, Arthur H. Up to 1855, Mr. Russell lived in 
 Boston, and then remo\ed to Cambridge, where he now 
 
 CHARLES THEODORE RUSSELL 
 
 resides. He is deeply interested in politics, and in 
 economic and historical matters. He was a member of 
 the House of Representatives from Boston in 1844, 
 1845, and 1850, of the Senate from Suffolk County in 
 185 1 and 1852, and from the county of Middlesex 
 in 1877 and 1878. He was mayor of Cambridge in 1861 
 and 1862. He has been a professor in the Law School 
 of Boston L^niversity from its foundation. He was for 
 many years a leading member of the Board of Visitors 
 
 of the Theological 
 Institution at An- 
 dover, as well as its 
 secretary. He is a 
 member of the Amer- 
 ican Board of Foreign 
 Missions ; of the 
 American Oriental 
 Society ; of the Bos- 
 ton Young Men's 
 Christian Associa- 
 tion, of which he was 
 second president ; of 
 the Society for Pro- 
 moting Theological 
 Education among 
 the Indians ; of the 
 .American College 
 and Educational So- 
 ciety ; president of 
 the Board of Minis- 
 terial Aid, and has 
 been president of the 
 Congregational Club. 
 Mr. Russell has deliv- 
 ered many orations, 
 including the oralion 
 upon the Fourth of 
 July in Boston in 
 1851, and is an ad- 
 vocate of remarkable 
 attainments. On June i, 1840, Mr. Russell married 
 Sarah Elizabeth, only daughter of Joseph Ballister, a 
 Boston merchant. Ten children are the result of this 
 marriage, six daughters and four sons. Of the sons, 
 Charles T., Jr., and \Villiam E. are members of the law 
 firm, and William V.. Russell, the youngest son, is the 
 present governor of Massachusetts. Mr. Russell pre- 
 sided o\er the Democratic State Convention in 1892 
 which nominated his son for governor. 
 
134 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 LEOPOLD MORSE was born in Wachenheim, Rhe- 
 nish Palatinate, Bavaria, in August, 1831. At the 
 age of seventeen he came alone to America in a sailing 
 vessel to join an elder brother who was in business in 
 New Hampshire. Coming to Boston in 1849, he found 
 employment in a store on Milk Street as errand boy, at 
 $2.50 a week. Soon after, he went to work for Henry 
 Herman, a clothing dealer, who encouraged young Leo- 
 pold and his brother to open a clothing store in New 
 Bedford. The Morse 
 brothers returned to 
 Boston aftei a time, '-•-•■sin- 
 
 however, and bought 
 out Mr. Herman's 
 business. Prosperity 
 followed, and M r . 
 Morse sent to Ger- 
 many for his mother, 
 three sisters, and 
 four brothers. After 
 the death of the 
 older brother, the 
 responsibility of sup- 
 porting his mother 
 and sisters and edu- 
 cating his youngest 
 brother fell upon 
 Leo]3old Morse — a 
 task that wa:? accom- 
 plished most nobly 
 and well. Mr. Morse 
 successively trans- 
 ferred his business 
 from North to Milk 
 Street, and thence to 
 Dock Square, and 
 finally, purchasing 
 the Brattle Square 
 Church property, he 
 built upon the site 
 
 the substantial block at the corner of Washington and 
 Brattle streets, where the business is now located. Mr. 
 Morse's political career is without a parallel in New 
 England public affairs. Without having served the 
 usual political apprenticeship in the city government 
 and State Legislature, he was nominated for Congress 
 by the Democrats of the old fourth district in 1872. In 
 that year and in 1874, when he was again the candidate, 
 he was defeated, as the district was overwhelmingly 
 
 
 Republican. In 1876, however, he was elected by 
 twelve hundretl majority. After a successful term in 
 Congress, during which he attracted attention by his 
 independent course in legislation, he was re-elected by 
 a largely increased majority in 1878. Three more 
 re-elections followed. During the whole of Mr. Morse's 
 congressional career of ten years, he was most useful to 
 his constituents, and was especially the friend of all 
 sorts of people in their dealings with the government. 
 
 His great influence 
 with cabinet minis- 
 ters and lesser func- 
 tionaries was due to 
 his kindly, frank, and 
 straightforward man- 
 ner, and to the nat- 
 ^v.^ ural desire of State 
 
 officials to gain the 
 » vote and influence of 
 
 an independent con- 
 gressman for their 
 special measures. 
 He was one of the 
 strongest advocates 
 of a national bank- 
 ruptcy law, and was 
 identified with the 
 cause of civil serxice 
 reform in Congress. 
 He was also a lead- 
 ing supporter of tariff 
 reform. In 1S88 he 
 might have had the 
 Democratic nomina- 
 tion for governor of 
 Massachusetts if he 
 had but said the 
 LEOPOLD MORSE word. Mr. Morse 
 
 was twice a delegate 
 to National Demo- 
 cratic conventions. In business he was one of the con- 
 spicuous successes of New England, and his great wealth 
 was generously used. He was prominent in many chari- 
 ties, having founded and endowed the Boston Home for 
 Aged and Infirm Hebrews and Orphanage. Mr. Morse 
 was president of the .Suffolk Club, and was at one time 
 president of the Boston Post Publishing Company. He 
 died suddenly in December, 1892, h;ning been taken ill 
 at a business men's banquet. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 135 
 
 FOUR years in succession the Republicans of Boston 
 nominated Thomas Norton Hart for mayor, and 
 twice he was elected, serving in 1S89 and 1890. In 
 1 89 1 he was appointed by President Harrison postmas- 
 ter of Boston, to succeed General Corse, and he has 
 kept the efficiency of the post-office up to the standard 
 set by his predecessors. He was born in North Reading, 
 Mass., Jan. 20, 1829. His father was Daniel Hart, 
 whose ancestors settled in I.ynnfield. His mother's 
 father was Major 
 John N o r t o n, of 
 Royalston, who 
 fought in the Revo- 
 lution. Mr. Hart 
 received a plain edu- 
 cation, such as the 
 count r y schools 
 afforded in the thir- 
 ties, and when a lad 
 of thirteen he came 
 to Boston to earn his 
 living. He found 
 e m ]) 1 o y m e n t with 
 Wheelock, Pratt lS: 
 Co., dry goods deal- 
 ers. Two years later, 
 in 1844, he was clerk 
 in a hat store, and 
 subsequently became 
 partner in the firm 
 of Philip A. Locke & 
 Co., in Dock Square. 
 In i860, Mr. Locke 
 retired from business, 
 and Mr. Hart as- 
 sumed control, form- 
 ing shortly after the 
 well-known firm of 
 Hart, I'aylor & Co., 
 which was highly 
 
 successful. Mr. Hart went out of business in 1878 with 
 a competency. Soon after, he was chosen president of 
 the Mt. Vernon National Bank, of which he is still the 
 head. He was a member of the Boston Common Coun- 
 cil from 1879 to 1881, and of the Board of Aldermen in 
 1882, 1885 and 1886. His vote for mayor rose steadily 
 from 18,685 to 32,712, the latter being the highest ever 
 polled by a Republican in Boston. It has been said, 
 with much truth, that he commanded the support and 
 
 THOMAS NORTON HART 
 
 confidence of the people rather than of party men. All 
 his nominations came to him unsought, unbought and 
 unpledged. In making appointments he has always 
 looked to fitness first, and to party afterward. He has 
 treated government as a business, to be conducted on 
 business principles, and with a view to the public good 
 as the first and last consideration. He is an ardent 
 supporter of the civil service laws, and of their loyal 
 application in city. State and nation. For the postal 
 
 service he laid down 
 the rule that new 
 appointees should 
 generally begin at 
 the foot of the lad- 
 der, and that the 
 advanced positions 
 should be filled by 
 promotion. He 
 believes that the fre- 
 quent collection and 
 <puck despatch of 
 mail m a 1 1 e r is of 
 e(iual importance 
 with the frequent and 
 prompt delisery of 
 mails received. The 
 postal serv ice at the 
 stations and in the 
 residence districts, 
 therefore, has re- 
 c e i V e d Postmaster 
 Hart's attention, and 
 the rapid work of the 
 central office has 
 been extended as 
 much as possible to 
 the entire postal dis- 
 trict of Boston. Mr. 
 Hart has been treas- 
 urer of the American 
 Unitarian Association, and an officer of the Church of 
 the Unity. He is a member of the Algonquin and the 
 Hull Yacht clubs. He was married in 1850 to Miss 
 Elizabeth Snow, of Bowdoin, Me. They have one child, 
 a daughter, now the wife of C. W. Ernst, the assistant 
 postmaster of Boston. Mr. Hart enjoys the utmost con- 
 fidence both of politicians antl of business men. His 
 administration of the municipal affairs of Boston was 
 able and above all reproach. 
 
1.16 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL NATHAN A. 
 M. DUDLEY, United States Army, was born 
 in Lexington, Mass., Aug. 20, 1825, and was brigade 
 and division inspector of State troops prior to 
 March 3, 1855, on which date he was commissioned 
 first lieutenant. Tenth Infantry, LTnited States Army. 
 He served with the command in the Indian country 
 west of the Missouri River, campaigning against the 
 Sioux, Cheyennes, and other tribes ; commanded his 
 company at the bat- 
 tle of Blue Water; 
 and in the fall of 
 1856 explored the 
 country between the 
 Sweetwater and Fort 
 Snelling, Minn., a 
 region untra\elled by 
 a white man before. 
 His company formed 
 part of the LUah ex- 
 pedition in 1857 
 which failed in its 
 m i s s i o n, and was 
 forced to camj) for 
 five months on 
 Black's Fork, re- 
 duced to half rations 
 without salt. Pro- 
 moted to a captaincy 
 on the breaking out 
 of the Civil War, he 
 was ordered to the 
 nation's capital, re- 
 maining in that city 
 until February, 1862, 
 when he obtained 
 leave of absence, to 
 accept the colonelcy 
 of the Thirtieth Mas- 
 sachusetts Regiment, 
 
 which accompanied General Butler to New Orleans. 
 He was assigned to the command of that city after its 
 occupation. In June he led a successful expedition 
 into the interior of Louisiana from Baton Rouge. He 
 commanded a brigade in the first demonstrations against 
 A'icksburg, directed all the movements on the field at 
 the battle of Baton Rouge, after the fall of General 
 Williams, and was breveted major in the regular army 
 for gallant conduct on that occasion. In December he 
 
 NATHAN A. M. DUDLEY 
 
 became inspector-general for the Department of the Gulf, 
 in the spring of 1863 was placed in command of the 
 Third Brigade of Augur's Division at Baton Rouge, 
 successfully conducted an expedition up the Mississippi 
 to open communication with Commodore Farragut, and 
 during the siege of Port Hudson was in command of a 
 large brigade with five batteries of artillery attached, 
 being personally under fire during the entire siege of 
 forty-five days. On the surrender of that stronghold he 
 
 was ordered to Don- 
 aldsonville with two 
 brigades, and fought 
 the battle of Cox's 
 Plantation. He was 
 chief of staff in 
 Banks's expedition 
 to Texas, organized 
 the Fourth Cavalry 
 Brigade, and com- 
 manded the same in 
 the disastrous Red 
 River Campaign, 
 joined the Nine- 
 teenth Army Corps 
 in the Shenandoah 
 Valley, was ordered 
 in February, 1864, 
 to report to Major- 
 General T h o m a s. 
 Department of the 
 Cumberland, and 
 placed in command 
 of nine thousand 
 troops at TuUahoma, 
 Tenn., which posi- 
 tion he held until 
 the close of the war. 
 Subse cju e n 1 1 y he 
 served as commis- 
 sioner of the Freed- 
 men's Bureau. For two years he commanded the dis- 
 trict of Vicksburg. On the reorganization of the army, 
 in 1870, he was assigned to the arm of the cavalry ser- 
 vice employed in the Indian country, and was promoted 
 colonel of the First Cavalry in 1883, which command he 
 retained until his retirement in 1889. General Dudley 
 recei\ed five brevets during the war, four in the regular 
 army, for gallant and meritorious services, and accord- 
 ing to his official record was over ninety days under fire. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 137 
 
 PRIMARILY, F. E. Orcutt's name is associated with 
 the military history of Massachusetts in the six- 
 ties, but he is not alone known as a war veteran, for of 
 recent years he has figured prominently in the civil and 
 business history of the Commonwealth. Mr. Orcutt was 
 born in Cambridge, Mass., Oct. 10, 1842. His educa- 
 tion in the public schools was su]iplemented by a course 
 of business study in Eastman's College, at Poughkeep- 
 sie, N. Y., after which he found employment in a book- 
 bindery in Boston. 
 He was a young man 
 when the war broke 
 out ; indeed, the rec- 
 ords in the adjutant- 
 general's ofifice at the 
 State House show that 
 when he enlisted, in 
 June, 1S62, in de- 
 fence of the Union, 
 he was only nineteen 
 years old. He went 
 to the front as a 
 member of Company 
 F, Th irty-e i gh t h 
 Massachusetts Vol- 
 unteers, and served 
 in Virginia and 
 Maryland until his 
 regiment was ordered 
 to join the Banks ex- 
 ]jedition to the De- 
 pa r t m e n t of the 
 Gulf. Eleven months 
 after Mr. Orcutt left 
 home, he was de- 
 tailed for duty at 
 General Banks' head- 
 quarters, and during 
 the expedition above 
 mentioned he served 
 
 so creditably in the ordnance and engineering depart- 
 ment that he received the commission of lieutenant of 
 engineers. His next work was in connection with the 
 Texas expedition, and he did excellent service on the 
 Rio Grande. After a visit to Mexico, where Maximilian 
 was then reigning, he returned to the Gulf headquarters, 
 where he served until February, 1865, when he was 
 honorably mustered out of service, and immediately 
 went to his home. Mr. Orcutt's first business venture 
 
 F. E. ORCUTT 
 
 was in 1874, when he became interested in the custom 
 clothing trade, in the firm of Allen & Orcutt, later 
 Starratt & Orcutt. In 1887 he became financial mana- 
 ger of the Middleton Paper Mill Company, and two 
 years later was ajipointed by President Harrison collec- 
 tor of internal re\enue for the Massachusetts district, a 
 position which he occupies at the present time. To 
 this position and the business lines above indicated 
 Mr. Orcutt has devoted the most of his energies, but 
 
 they fall far short of 
 telling the story of 
 his active business 
 life. For example, he 
 is the president of 
 the Colorado Farm 
 Loan Company, pres- 
 ident of the Silver 
 Light Gas Company, 
 and a director of the 
 Standard Coal Com- 
 pany. He has always 
 been a prominent 
 member of the Grand 
 Army of the Repub- 
 lic, and his interest 
 in the welfare of that 
 organization led him 
 to give aid and coun- 
 sel to the work of 
 establishing the 
 " Grand Army Rec- 
 ord," a publication 
 which is printed in 
 Boston. He is a 
 member of the 
 Grand Commandery, 
 Knights Templars, 
 and of the Grand 
 Council Royal and 
 Select Masters, the 
 Red Men, the Royal Arcanum, and other similar bodies. 
 For sixteen years he was auditor of the town of Melrose, 
 Mass., where he resides with his wife, formerly Miss 
 Lucy A. Rhodes, of New Britain, Conn., and his two chil- 
 dren. Mr. Orcutt is a man of commanding presence 
 and is popular with his old comrades and esteemed by 
 the business men of the State. Few men in Massachu- 
 setts have a wider acquaintance in commercial and 
 social circles than he. 
 
IvS 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IT is as the friend of the boys and girls of his State 
 that John S. Paine, traveller and philanthropist, 
 would wish to be known, were it not that his aversion 
 to notoriety is so strong that it is difficult to draw from 
 him information of a personal nature. The Cambridge 
 Boys and Girls' Christian Band, now in its ninth year, 
 with a membership of twenty-three hundred, is the crea- 
 tion of Mr. Paine. Its ince]5tion being his idea, he 
 has carefully nursed and fostered it until it has become 
 the all-absorbing 
 theme of his life. " I 
 would rather," said 
 Mr. Paine, " have my 
 boys and girls' band 
 than all the honors, 
 political or otherwise, 
 that could be offered 
 to me." All of the 
 e.xpenses of this use- 
 ful and worthy or- 
 ganization are 
 personally borne by 
 him, and he devotes 
 much of his time to 
 its affairs, instructing 
 the children by illus- 
 t r a t e d lectures o f 
 travel and curious 
 relics from foreign 
 lands. An extensive 
 and experienced trav- 
 eller, Mr. Paine pos- 
 sesses the rare ])ower 
 of making himself 
 peculiarly interesting 
 to children, and as he 
 likes the work, both 
 parties to t h e a r - 
 rangement are con- 
 tented. John S . 
 
 Paine was born at Uxbridge, Mass., sixty-eight years 
 ago. He attended the public school until he was twelve 
 years old, and received the rest of his education at the 
 Uxbridge Academy. At the age of twenty he left his 
 father's farm and entered the country store of P. Whit- 
 ing &: Son, at Whitings\ille, Mass. After remaining there 
 for two years he came to Boston, where he began his 
 career, his whole capital amounting to considerably less 
 than five dollars. Here he took the quickest means of 
 
 JOHN S. PAINE 
 
 acquiring a knowledge of the furniture trade, and soon 
 became a practical cabinet-maker. About forty years 
 ago he entered into a partnership with his brother-in-law, 
 I^. B. Shearer, which continued until the death of that 
 gentleman, about twenty-four years ago. Mr. Paine 
 then continued in business for himself in the neighbor- 
 hood in Boston, where his well-known establishment 
 now stands. He conducted his rapidly-growing business 
 alone untiPseven years ago, when his son, brother and 
 
 nephew became 
 members of the firm, 
 his n e p h e w, M r . 
 Shearer, being a son 
 of his former partner. 
 Sixteen years ago 
 Mr. Paine bought the 
 land on which h e 
 built the present 
 immense manufac- 
 tory and warehouse. 
 The building is one 
 hundred and fifty 
 feet square, and con- 
 tains seven floors. At 
 one time the firm had 
 branch establish- 
 ments at Chicago, 
 New York and New 
 Orleans. Mr. Paine's 
 marriage has been 
 blessed with three 
 children, a son and 
 two daughters. I n 
 religion he is a Bap- 
 tist, and is deeply in- 
 terested in Chris- 
 tian work. He has 
 been superintendent 
 of Baptist Sunday 
 schools in Cambridge 
 twenty-five years. Mr. Paine is a prominent Prohibi- 
 tionist, but is otherwise independent in politics. He 
 is passionately fond of travel, and has wandered much 
 in foreign countries. He spends his winters in Cuba, 
 where he is as much at home as in Boston. In his 
 business methods Mr. Paine has made it a rule to keep 
 abreast of the times. Integrity comes first in his com- 
 mercial lexicon, after which push and enterprise fol- 
 low. This is the secret of his success. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 139 
 
 AS president of a nafionnl bank and several large 
 corporations, and with a long and honorable 
 record of public service, Samuel Little is one of the 
 most respected of Boston's business men. He was born 
 in Hingham, Mass., .-^ug. 15, 1827, the son of Isaac and 
 Sally (Lincoln) Little. His maternal ancestry runs back 
 to Samuel Lincoln, who came from Hingham, Lngland, 
 and settled in Hingham, Mass., in 1637. In his boy- 
 hood Mr. Little attended the Derby .•\cademy at Hing- 
 ham, and after leav- 
 ing school became 
 cashier and book- 
 keeper for Daniell 
 & Co., dry goods 
 dealers, Boston. In 
 1850, he was made 
 receiving teller in 
 the Bank of Com- 
 merce, then just 
 organized, and three 
 years later, on the 
 organization of the 
 Rockland National 
 Bank, at Roxburv, 
 became its cashier. 
 He was subsequently, 
 upon the death of 
 Samuel Walker, 
 elected president of 
 the bank, a position 
 which he still occu- 
 pies. Mr. Little has 
 long been identified 
 with the street rail- 
 way interests of Bos- 
 ton. He was one of 
 the organizers of the 
 Highland Street 
 Railway in 1872, and 
 its treasurer until its 
 
 consolidation with the Middlesex Street Railway Com- 
 pany, and since the uniting of all the street railways in 
 Boston in the West Kntl Company, he has been one of 
 the directors of this corporation. Mr. Little is also 
 president of the E. Howard \\'atch and Clock Company, 
 of the Boston Lead Manufacturing Company, of the 
 Bay State Gas Company and of the Roxbury Gas Light 
 Company, and a director of the Boston, Dorchester, 
 and South Boston Gas Light Companies. He is also a 
 
 SAMUEL LITTLE 
 
 trustee of the Roxbury Institution for Savings, and was 
 one of the incorporators of the Roxbury Honncopathic 
 Dispensary. For more than twenty years Mr. Little 
 took an active part in public life. He was a member 
 of the Roxbury Common Council in 1856-57 ; member 
 of the Roxbury Board of Aldermen, 1861-68; mem- 
 ber of the Boston Board of .\ldermen (after the annexa- 
 tion of Roxbury), in 1871 and 1872, being chairman of 
 the board the latter year ; member of the Massachusetts 
 
 House of Represen- 
 tatives from Roxbury 
 in 1864 and 1865, 
 and one of the Board 
 of Directors of Pub- 
 1 i c Institutions o f 
 Boston from 1873 
 till 1882, and presi- 
 dent of the board 
 from 1877 until his 
 retirement. As one 
 of the State agents 
 for the improvement 
 of the South Boston 
 fiats belonging to the 
 Commonwealth, as 
 referee in many 
 notable cases, par- 
 ticularly that of the 
 City of Boston vs. the 
 Boston Belting Com- 
 pany, and as trustee 
 and executor of 
 many large estates, 
 Mr. Little has always 
 displayed the quali- 
 ties of a sagacious 
 and honorable busi- 
 ness man. He is 
 past master of Wash- 
 ington Lodge, F. and 
 A. M., past commander of Joseph Warren Commandery, 
 and a member of Mt. Vernon Royal Arch Chapter. Mr. 
 Little was married in Hingham, June 6, 1855, to Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of Micajah and Eliza (Parker) Malbon. 
 He has one son, .\rthur Malbon Little, who is treasurer 
 of the E. Howard \\'atch and Clock Company. Mr. 
 Little's unbroken record of faithful public service and 
 his successful business career place him among the truly 
 rei)resentati\e men of the Commonwealth. 
 
I40 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 DANIEL ELDREDGE was born at Chatham, Mass., 
 July 7, 1 84 1, his father having been lost at sea a 
 few months prior to his birth. The widowed mother 
 moved to Dedham, Mass., during the infancy of 
 Daniel, and his boyhood days were nearly all passed in 
 that historic town. He attended the grammar school 
 there, his teacher for a part of the time being the late 
 Charles A. Richardson, of the Congregationalist, Boston. 
 The opening of the Civil War found him in New Hamp- 
 shire, and he enlisted 
 at Lebanon, in that 
 State, Aug. 2, 1861, 
 as a member of the 
 Third Regiment of 
 New Hampshire 
 Volunteers, being 
 assigned to Company 
 K, the members of 
 which were princi- 
 pally from Dover. 
 He followed the for- 
 tunes of the regiment 
 at the seat of war 
 until Aug. 16, 1864, 
 when he received a 
 severe wound in the 
 left forearm which 
 ended his service in 
 the field. He was 
 in action at Seces- 
 sionville, James Isl- 
 and, June 16, 1862, 
 at the capture of 
 Morris Island, July 
 10, 1863, and par- 
 ticipated in the 
 memorable charge 
 on Fort Wagner, July 
 18, 1863, where he 
 was slightly wounded 
 
 in the foot. He was placed on detached service at 
 Concord, N. H., in which he spent the latter part of 
 1863, returning to his regiment in January, 1864. He 
 participated in the battles of Drury's Bluff, May 13, 14, 
 15 and 16, 1864, and in the several actions of his regi- 
 ment during the summer of 1864, until receiving the 
 wound that incapacitated him for further active service 
 at the front. After spending some time first at the 
 Chesapeake Hospital, near Fortress Monroe, and later 
 
 in the Officers' Hospital at Annapolis, he obtained a 
 leave of absence. In December, 1864, he was assigned 
 to duty at Concord, N. H., although his arm was in a 
 sling and his wound still unhealed. In May, 1865, he 
 was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps and or- 
 dered to join Company A, Third Regiment, of that 
 corps, at New Haven, Conn., serving there, and later at 
 Hartford. He was discharged June 30, 1866, his ser- 
 vices being no longer required. He rose from a private 
 
 through the interme- 
 diate grades to the 
 rank of captain. In 
 1870 he located in 
 Boston, in which city 
 he now resides, and 
 in 1877, with others, 
 assisted t h e Hon. 
 Josiah Quincy in es- 
 tablishing in Massa- 
 chusetts the building 
 association system, 
 now known as co- 
 operative banks. 
 He was the first sec- 
 retary of the Pioneer 
 Co-operative Bank, 
 the first co-operative 
 bank organized un- 
 der the Massachu- 
 setts law, and since 
 that time has been 
 largely i d e n t i fi e d 
 with the business 
 generally, being at 
 present secretary 
 and treasurer of 
 three large banks — 
 Pioneer, Homestead 
 and ( "7 u a r d i a n — 
 which occupy one 
 office, and the combined assets of which reach nearly 
 $1,000,000. Enjoying the reputation of an expert in 
 his particular busmess, his service and counsel are 
 sought by many. He is a member of the Masonic fra- 
 ternity, Grand Army of the Republic, and of the Military 
 Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. To 
 the development of co-operative banks in Massachusetts, 
 which have proved such a boon to workingmen, Mr. 
 Eldredge has contributed not a little. 
 
 DANIEL ELDREDGE, 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 141 
 
 TO that class of earnest workers for the good of their 
 fellow-men belongs Mr. Robert Treat Paine, who 
 for more than a score of years has devoted a goodly 
 share of his time and fortune to the advancement of 
 philanthropic and humanitarian enterprises. The scion 
 of a well-known New England family, — his great-grand- 
 father signed the Declaration of Independence, — Mr. 
 Paine was born in Boston, Oct. 28, 1835, the son of 
 Charles Gushing and Fanny Cabot (Jackson) Paine. 
 He graduated from 
 the Boston Latin 
 School at the age of 
 fifteen. In 1851 he 
 entered Harvard, 
 graduating with hon- 
 ors in 1855. A year's 
 study in the Harvard 
 Law School followed, 
 and then two years 
 of travel and study in 
 Europe. Returning 
 in 1858, Mr. Paine 
 resumed the study of 
 law. Admitted to 
 the bar in 1859, he 
 practised until 1870, 
 when the fortune 
 which he had amassed 
 permitted him, at the 
 age of thirty-five, to 
 retire from active 
 business. He b e - 
 came one of the com- 
 m i 1 1 e e that had 
 charge of the build- 
 ing of Trinity Church. 
 In 1878 he helped to 
 organize the Associ- 
 ated Charities of 
 Boston, and was 
 
 chosen and remains its first president. This society 
 introduced new methods of charity in dealing with 
 distress, which have won the appro\al of all classes. 
 Many other cities when about to start their Associated 
 Charities have come to Boston, and to Mr. Paine, for 
 information. In 1879 Mr. Paine organized the Wells 
 Memorial Workingmen's Institute, which has become 
 the largest workingmen's club in the Ihiited States. It 
 embraces a loan association, a co-operative bank and a 
 
 ROBERT TREAT PAINE. 
 
 building association. Of these allied organizations Mr. 
 Paine is president. He also originated the Working- 
 men's Loan Association, the success of which venture is 
 fully established. In i8gi Mr. Paine was elected presi- 
 dent of the American Peace Society. He has built 
 o\tx two hundred small houses sold on easy credits, and 
 originated the Workingmen's Building .Association, which 
 has built in the same way over one hundred houses. 
 He helped to introduce the system of co-operative 
 
 banks into Massachu- 
 setts. In 1884 Mr. 
 Paine represented 
 Waltham in the 
 Massachusetts House 
 o f Representatives, 
 and was the candi- 
 date for Congress in 
 the fifth Massachu- 
 setts district. He is 
 a member of the ves- 
 try of Trinity church ; 
 of the e.\ecutive com- 
 mittee of the Epis- 
 copal City Mission ; 
 trustee of donations 
 to the Protestant 
 Episcopal church ; 
 member of the Soci- 
 ety for the Suppres- 
 sion of Vice, and 
 vice-president of the 
 Children's Aid Soci- 
 ety. In 1887 he 
 endowed a ten thou- 
 sand dollar fellowship 
 in Harvard College, 
 " to ameliorate the 
 lot of the mass of 
 mankind." In 1890 
 Mr. and Mrs. Paine 
 created and endowed a trust of about two hundred 
 thousand dollars, called the Robert Treat Paine Associ- 
 ation. The trust deeds provide that these charities are 
 to be always carried on by the founders and their chil- 
 dren. Mr. Paine has published many pamphlets and 
 addresses, all of them dealing with social problems. He 
 was married in 1862 to Lydia Williams Lyman, grand- 
 daughter of Theodore Lyman, the distinguished Boston 
 merchant. Seven children have been born of this union. 
 
142 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 T( ) the mechanical genius and business enterprise of 
 ( leorge Leonard Damon, president of the Damon 
 Safe and Iron Works Company, is largely due the high 
 stage of development which the safe industry has attained 
 in America. He was born in Stoughton, Mass., July 15, 
 1843, the son of Leonard and Elizabeth P. (Linfield) 
 Damon. His early education was obtained in the pub- 
 lic schools of Stoughton and of East Boston, whither his 
 parents removed when he was twelve years old. After 
 graduating from the 
 Adams School, in 
 I 8 6 I , he went to 
 the Harrison Loring 
 Works in South Bos- 
 ton as apprentice, 
 his special aim being 
 to qualify himself as 
 a mechanical engi- 
 neer for the con- 
 struction of marine 
 engines, the build- 
 ing of vessels, and 
 all kinds of iron 
 steamshii) work. 
 His progress was so 
 marked that on the 
 completion of his 
 apprenticeship he re- 
 ceived a responsible 
 position from Charles 
 Staples & Son, of 
 Portland, Me., who 
 had obtained a con- 
 tract for the con- 
 struction of a light- 
 draught monitor. In 
 1866, with others, he 
 bought out the safe 
 manufacturing busi- 
 ness in Boston of 
 
 the Tremont Safe Company. After conducting that 
 business two years and a half the firm sold out to 
 the American Steam Safe Company, and Mr. Damon 
 returned to Portland and was made a partner with C. 
 Staples & Son, where he did a large amount of special 
 designing of stationary and marine engine work and 
 added to his reputation as a mechanical engineer. In 
 1870 he was induced to return to Boston to take charge 
 of the manufacturing department of the American Steam 
 
 GEORGE L. DAMON 
 
 Safe Company, successors of the old firm of Denio & 
 Roberts, and four years later bought out the entire jjlant. 
 Since then his business has steadily increased, until now 
 he has the manufactory in Cambridgeport, and has also 
 established a large plant in Philadelphia, giving constant 
 employment to two hundred men. Mr. Damon has con- 
 structed vaults for most of the banks and safe deposit 
 companies in New England, and for several years fur- 
 nished all the work of this class ordered by the United 
 
 States Treasury De- 
 partment. The large 
 
 vaults in use by the 
 
 Treasury Depart- 
 ment at Washington 
 and every sub-treas- 
 ury vault in the 
 country, including 
 those in .San Fran- 
 cisco, have been con- 
 s t ru ct e d by Mr. 
 D a m o n . In the 
 seventies, at the re- 
 quest of Secretary of 
 the Treasury Bris- 
 tow, he remodelled 
 the United States 
 Treasury vaults at 
 New York. All the 
 labor, re(|uiring a 
 number of workmen, 
 had to be performed 
 outside of business 
 hours, a n d during 
 the whole time of 
 reconstruction nearly 
 two hundred million 
 dollars were stored 
 in the vaults con- 
 stantly within arms' 
 reach of the work- 
 men. Mr. I )amon safely accomplished the task without a 
 cent of loss and to the great satisfaction of the government 
 officials. The numerous safes and vaults in the great 
 Exchange Building, the Boston Safe Deposit Company, 
 Old Colony Trust Company, and Bay State Trust Com- 
 pany, were of his construction. A consolidation of all 
 the safe manufacturing interests of the country has just 
 been effected, with a capital of five million dollars, and 
 Mr. Damon has been elected its treasurer. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 143 
 
 JOHN CUMMINGS HAYNES, son of John Dear- 
 born and Eliza W. (Stevens) Haynes, was born in 
 Brighton (now a part of Boston), Sept. 9, 1829. He 
 left the English High School at the age of fifteen, and 
 in 1845 went as a boy into the service of the late Oliver 
 Ditson, the music publisher. In 185 1 he received an 
 interest in the business, and in 1857 was admitted to 
 partnership, the firm becoming 01i\er Ditson & Co. 
 .\fter the death of the senior partner, in December, 
 1888, the Oliver Dit- 
 son Company was 
 
 incorporated, with 
 
 Mr. Haynes as presi- 
 dent. The h e a d - 
 quarters of the busi- 
 ness are in the large 
 building Nos. 453 to 
 463 Washington 
 Street, and the branch 
 houses are as follows : 
 John C. Haynes & 
 Co., Boston ; Charles 
 H. Ditson & Co., 
 New York, and J. E. 
 Ditson & Co., Phila- 
 delphia. The growth 
 of this great music 
 publishing house has 
 kept pace with the 
 growth of musical 
 taste and culture in 
 the United States, 
 and its influence as 
 an educational agent 
 can scarcely be esti- 
 mated. Mr. Haynes 
 has also been inter- 
 ested in large and 
 successful real estate 
 ventures, that have 
 
 materially added to the assessed valuation of the city of 
 Boston. In early life, after having been for many years 
 a scholar in a Baptist Sunday school, he became inter- 
 ested, in 1848, in the preaching of Theodore Parker 
 and in the Twenty-eighth Congregational Society, which 
 was organized " to give Theodore Parker a chance to 
 be heard in Boston," and was for many years chairman 
 of its standing committee. Mr. Havnes was active in 
 the construction of the Parker Memorial Building and 
 
 JOHN C. HAYNES 
 
 instrumental in its recent transfer to the Benevolent 
 Fraternity of Churches. He was also one of the organ- 
 izers of the Parker Fraternity of Boston. Of late years 
 he has been connected with the Church of the Unity, of 
 which Rev. M. J. Savage is the minister. While still a 
 young man, he helped to organize the Franklin Library 
 ."Association, and his long connection with it was of great 
 advantage to him. He is a life member of the Mercan- 
 tile Library Association, the Young Men's Christian 
 
 Union, the Woman's 
 Industrial L'nion,and 
 the .Aged Couples' 
 Home Society ; a 
 trustee of the Frank- 
 lin Savings Bank ; 
 director of the Mass- 
 achusetts Title Insur- 
 ance Company, and 
 of the Prudential Fire 
 Insurance Company ; 
 treasurer of the Free 
 Religious Associa- 
 tion ; member of the 
 Massachusetts a n d 
 Home Market clubs 
 and of the Boston 
 Merchants' .Associa- 
 tion ; president of 
 the Parker Memorial 
 Science Class. From 
 1862 to 1865, inclu- 
 sive, he was a mem- 
 ber of the Boston 
 Common Council. 
 Mr. Haynes was mar- 
 ried in Boston by 
 Theodore Parker, 
 May I, 1 85 5, to 
 Fanny, daughter of 
 Rev. Charles and 
 Frances (Seabury) Spear. Of this union were seven 
 children : .Alice Fanny (Mrs. 
 Theodore Parker (deceased) ; 
 Gordon Rankine) ; Jennie Eliza (Mrs. Fred O. Hurd) ; 
 Cora Mary (Mrs. f]. Harte Day) ; Mabel Stevens and 
 Edith Margaret Haynes. Mr. Haynes joined the Free- 
 soil party when he was a young man, and went with it 
 into the Republican party, with which he has since been 
 identified. 
 
 M. Morton Holmes) ; 
 Lizzie Gray (Mrs. O. 
 
144 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 A STRIKING instance of the value of industry, 
 courage, and fortitude was manifest in the good 
 work wrought by E. W. Dennison, the chief corner- 
 stone in the structure of the house of the Dennison 
 Manufacturing Company, which has its headquarters in 
 Boston, its branches in all the leading cities of the 
 Union, and its goods, wares, and merchandise in almost 
 every manufactory, counting-room, workshop, and dwell- 
 ing. E. W. Dennison was born at Topsham, then Ken- 
 nebec, now Sagada- 
 hoc County, M e., 
 Nov. 23, 1819, every 
 year and day even of 
 the intermediate time 
 from his birth to his 
 death having been 
 those of active boy- 
 hood, doubly active 
 manhood, and vigor- 
 ous age. He was 
 one of ten children, 
 three sons and seven 
 daughters, of Colonel 
 Andrew Dennison, 
 one of the early pio- 
 neers of the Andros- 
 cog gin region of 
 Maine frontier life. 
 When he was five 
 years of age the fam- 
 ily removed across 
 the river to Bruns- 
 wick, with which vil- 
 lage he had all his 
 life close and cordial 
 family and business 
 relations. At the age 
 of sixteen, Mr. Den- 
 nison went to Boston 
 as clerk '\x\^ a shoe 
 
 store, where he remained six months, at the end of 
 which time he took a situation in the wholesale dry 
 goods store of Sargent, Stanfield & Chapin, remaining 
 with that house three years. At the expiration of his 
 term of sendee here he went to his brother, Aaron L. 
 Dennison, then a watchmaker and jeweler on Washington 
 Street, Boston, to learn the trade of watchmaking. After 
 remaining a year in this position, he was sent to Bath, 
 Me., with a stock of goods to establish a jewelry store 
 
 E. W. DENNISON 
 
 in Bath. The enterprise, however, was not a success. 
 While waiting for something to turn up, he found that 
 his father's place in Brunswick was much in need of a 
 well, and he turned to at once, dug the well with his 
 own hands, and made a good and successful job of it. 
 Mr. E. W. Dennison again started out, in the year 1839, 
 and engaged as salesman in the watchmaking business 
 on Washington Street, Boston, where he remained only 
 a short time, going soon to Bangor, Me., to engage in 
 
 the watchmaking and 
 jewelry business in 
 that place. After re- 
 maining there eight 
 years, he left, the en- 
 terprise proving, as 
 did the one at Bath, 
 uniirofi table. His 
 next business engage- 
 ment was in Boston 
 as salesman for his 
 brother in the jewelry 
 trade, but he soon 
 took the agency for 
 the sale of jewelers' 
 paper boxes, then 
 being made by ma- 
 chinery by his father 
 in PSrunswick, Me., 
 and the first to be 
 cut by machinery in 
 the world. To ac- 
 company these jewel 
 boxes Mr. Dennison 
 soon saw the neces- 
 sity for small tags 
 which had, up to this 
 time, been made only 
 in Paris. Here was 
 laid the foundation 
 of the Dennison Man- 
 ufacturing Company, which is now employing one mil- 
 lion dollars' capital. This result has been reached simply 
 by Mr. Dennison's devotion to his favorite industry, 
 which was really of his own creation, and by the energy 
 with which he inspired his helpers until his death, which 
 occurred Sept. 22, 1886. The present business of the 
 company is one of the most striking instances in modern 
 commercial life of the growth of a great and successful 
 industry from the smallest beginning. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 14 = 
 
 PROMINENT among the leading lawyers of Boston 
 is George Otis Shattuck. For over thirty years he 
 has been adding to a professional reputation which was 
 conspicuous within five years of his admission to the 
 bar. He was born in Andover, Mass., May 2, 1829, the 
 sou of Joseph and Hannah (Bailey) Shattuck, and is a 
 descendant of William Shattuck, who was born in Eng- 
 land about the year 1621, who came to Massachusetts 
 and died Aug. 14, 1672, at Watertown, Mass. Mr. 
 Shattuck's grand- 
 fathers were both 
 soldiers in the Revo- 
 lutionary War, and 
 his maternal great- 
 grandfather, Samuel 
 Bailey, was killed at 
 the battle of Bunker 
 Hill. After taking a 
 preparatory course 
 at Phillips Andover 
 Academy, Mr. Shat- 
 tuck entered Harvard 
 College and grad- 
 uated in the' class of 
 1 85 1. .\mong his 
 classmates were Ex- 
 Mayor Green, of 
 Boston, the late Gen- 
 eral Francis W. Pal- 
 frey, and three who 
 are now professors at 
 Harvard: W. W. 
 Goodwin, professor 
 of Greek; C. C. 
 Langdell, dean of the 
 Law School, and 
 Charles F. Dunbar, 
 professor of political 
 economy. Beginning 
 the study of law with 
 
 Charles G. Loring, Mr. Shattuck attended the Harvard 
 Law School two years and graduated in 1854. In 1855 
 he was admitted to the bar, and began practice with 
 J. Randolph Coolidge. In 1856 he formed a partnership 
 with Peleg W. Chandler, which continued until Feb- 
 ruary, 1870. Mr. Shattuck then became associated with 
 William A. Munroe, and later Oliver W'endell Holmes, Jr., 
 was admitted to the firm and remained a member until 
 his appointment to the Supreme Bench, in 1882. The 
 
 firm is now Shattuck & Munroe. Mr. Shattuck has been 
 connected as counsel with a great number of corporation 
 and commercial cases, his advice being often sought in 
 suits growing out of the pollution of rivers and involving 
 the value of water privileges. He was counsel in the 
 Sudbury River water cases, and in the Sayles Bleachery 
 case, one of the most important suits that has been 
 brought in Rhode Island for many years. In the cele- 
 brated Andover heresy case he was counsel for the 
 
 trustees of the cor- 
 poration, and in the 
 suit involving the 
 preservation of the 
 Old South Meeting 
 House he was coun- 
 sel for some of the 
 pewholders. Among 
 the qualities that 
 have made him a 
 leader at the bar may 
 be mentioned, in ad- 
 dition to professional 
 learning and skill, 
 a great knowledge 
 of men, sagacity in 
 dealing with practical 
 cpiestions and a pe- 
 culiar power of sym- 
 pathy that made the 
 interests of his client 
 his own, gave ardor 
 to all his exertions 
 and enlisted in the 
 client's behalf, in 
 their full force,^reat 
 intellectual gifts, and 
 an energy, ingenuity 
 and persistence rarely 
 equalled. The only 
 political office which 
 he ever held was a seat in the Boston Common Council 
 in 1862. He has been a leading director and adviser in 
 railroad and other large business enterprises. He is a 
 member of the Board of Overseers of Har\ard College, 
 a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and 
 of various clubs. He was married in 1857 to Emily, 
 daughter of Charles and Susan (Sprague) Copeland, of 
 Roxbury. They have one daughter, Susan, the wife of 
 Dr. Arthur Tracy Cabot. 
 
 GEORGE 0, SHATTUCK. 
 
146 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JOHN SULLIVAN DWIGHT is known throughout 
 America as an authority on the history and inter- 
 pretation of music. His father was Mr. John Dwight, 
 who was graduated from Harvard University in 1800, 
 and his mother was Mary (Corey) Dwight. Mr. Dwight 
 was born in Boston, May 13, 1813, and most of his long 
 and remarkable life has been spent in the city of his 
 nativity or near to it. In his own home, and in a pri- 
 vate school near by, he received his early education. 
 He later entered the 
 grammar and Latin 
 schools in Boston, 
 where for five years 
 he was the pupil of 
 B. A. Gould and F. 
 P. Leverett, then 
 famous pedagogues. 
 In 1828 he entered 
 Harvard University 
 and was graduated in 
 the class of 1832. 
 He immediately 
 matriculated in the 
 Har\ ard Divinity 
 School and was grad- 
 uated in 1836. For 
 six years he was an 
 active U n i t a r i a n 
 preacher; in 1840 
 he settled in North- 
 ampton, Mass., but 
 remained there only 
 one year. He then 
 joined the famous 
 Brook Farm Associa- 
 tion at Roxbury, 
 Mass., an association 
 which, rightly or 
 wrongly, is believed 
 to have had a great 
 
 formative influence upon nearly all of its members. In 
 this association Mr. Dwight was a teacher of classics and 
 music, and dipped a little into farming and gardening ; 
 he was also one of the editors of the " Harbinger," a 
 somewhat noted periodical of the association. As a 
 member of this association Mr. Dwight was brought 
 into contact with many then young men who afterward 
 became famous, among them George Ripley, its founder, 
 George P. Bradford, the late George William Curtis, 
 
 JOHN S. DWIGHT, 
 
 and Charles A. Dana. The Rev. William Ellery Chan- 
 ning, James Kay of Philadelphia, Margaret Fuller, 
 Ral]ih Waldo Emerson, and A. Bronson Alcott were 
 sometimes visitors. The Curtis brothers, Quincy A. 
 Shaw, and James Sturgis were there as sympathizers 
 and pupils. Curious as was this experiment, it is inter- 
 esting to note that hardly one of its members failed 
 to become more or less famous. In April, 1853, Mr. 
 Dwight established " Dwight's Journal of Music," and 
 
 this capable paper 
 he owned and edited 
 until September, 
 1881. Long pre- 
 vious to this, indeed 
 as early as 1839, he 
 had published a vol- 
 ume of translations 
 of the smaller and 
 shorter p o e m s of 
 Goethe and Schiller. 
 His tastes were 
 always of a musical 
 and literary charac- 
 ter, and in his home 
 he did much literary 
 and critical work. 
 Mr. Dwight was mar- 
 ried in 1 85 1 to Mary, 
 (laughter of Silas 
 and Mary (Barrett) 
 Bullard, and she 
 died in i860, leav- 
 ing no children. Mr. 
 Dwight is now trus- 
 tee of the Perkins 
 Institution and 
 Massachusetts School 
 for the Blind. In 
 1874 Mr. Dwight was 
 made president of 
 the Harvard Musical Association, and he has held that 
 office continuously since. All musicians in the city of 
 Boston, a congenial home of culture, delight to say that 
 to no one more than to Mr. Dwight is the advance- 
 ment of the musical standing and taste of the city due. 
 He has written much on the subject of music, critical 
 and otherwise, and his opinions are accepted without 
 question by lesser lights in the musical world, where he 
 is regarded as an honored master. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 147 
 
 FOR over two centuries the Modern Athens has been 
 one of the leading centres of reHgious and theo- 
 logical activity in the United States, and is the birth- 
 place of American Congregationalism. The most influ- 
 ential advocate in New England of the doctrines of that 
 large body is the Coiigrcgatitnialist, whose able editor is 
 Rev. Dr. Albert E. Dunning. He was born Jan. 5, 1844, 
 in Brookfield, Conn. His ancestors on both his father's 
 and his mother's side were resident in Connecticut since 
 colonial times. He 
 inherited member- 
 ship in the Society 
 of the Cincinnati by 
 direct descent from 
 Captain David 
 Beach, a member of 
 that society and an 
 ofificer in the Revo- 
 lutionary War. 
 There are only thirty- 
 five members of the 
 society now living 
 in Connecticut. In 
 1850 Mr. Dunning's 
 parents removed 
 from Brookfield to 
 Bridge water, in 
 Litchfield County, 
 and here he attended 
 the public schools. 
 He fitted himself for 
 college without a t - 
 tending any prepara- 
 tory school, and 
 entering Yale gradu- 
 ated in the class of 
 1867. During the 
 last year of his col- 
 lege course he was 
 editor-in-chief of the 
 
 "Yale Literary Magazine." LTpon the completion of his 
 collegiate course he began the study of theology at 
 Andover, and was graduated from that institution in 
 1870. He was immediately called to the pastorate of 
 the Highland Congregational Church, Roxbury, and 
 remained there until Jan. i, 1881, when he resigned 
 to accept the position of secretary of the Congrega- 
 tional Sunday-school and Publishing Society, and greatly 
 increased the efficiency and influence of that organiza- 
 
 \. 
 
 ALBERT E, DUNNING 
 
 tion. He has been for nine years a member of the 
 International Lesson Committee to select Sunday-school 
 lessons for the whole Christian world. Dr. Dunning has 
 published two books, " The Sunday-school Library " and 
 "Bible Studies," the latter of which has been exten- 
 sively used as a text-book in schools and colleges in 
 this country, and has been republished in England. Dr. 
 Dunning's labors have by no means been confined to 
 theological and doctrinal fields. He has taken a lively 
 
 interest in Chautau- 
 qua work, and has 
 been superintendent 
 of instruction for a 
 number of Chautau- 
 qua assemblies, in- 
 cluding Lake View 
 i n Massachusetts, 
 Ocean Park, and 
 Fryeburg, Me., Crete, 
 Neb., and Albany, 
 Ga. He has also 
 had charge of the 
 Normal Department 
 at Chautauqua, N. V. 
 In addition to this 
 he has lectured and 
 taught at various 
 other assemblies, 
 so that his name 
 i s widely know n 
 throughout the coun- 
 try. In 1889 Dr. 
 Dunning became 
 •editor-in-chief of 
 the Congregationalist, 
 which position* he 
 now occupies. He 
 is a forcible and 
 graceful writer, and 
 has sustained the 
 reputation of the Congregationalist for ability and fair- 
 ness in its treatment both of religious and secular topics. 
 In 1887 Beloit College (Wisconsin) conferred upon him 
 the degree of doctor of divinity. He was a delegate to 
 the first International Congregational Council in London 
 in 1 89 1, and took an active part in the proceedings 
 of that important convention. Dr. Dunning was mar- 
 ried in 1870 to Miss Harriet W. Westbrook, of Peekskill, 
 N. Y. They have four children. 
 
148 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 A MAN who has done his part to flood the world 
 with beauty is Samuel J. Kitson. Though a resi- 
 dent of Boston, Mr. Kitson is an artist of the pure Greek 
 school ; his art life has been a most prolific one, and has 
 left a decided impression upon the age ; his studio is 
 properly situated in the very heart of Modern Athens. 
 And it is here that he has pitched his artistic tent. 
 Samuel James Kitson was born in England, Jan. i, 1848. 
 His early education was received in the national and 
 private schools of 
 "old Yorkshire." 
 He devoted two years 
 to the study of art at 
 the Royal Academy 
 of St. Luke's, at 
 Rome, Italy, during 
 which novitiate he 
 secured the principal 
 prizes offered. Mr. 
 Kitson was the first 
 foreigner who was 
 awarded the gold 
 medal prize for a 
 statue from life. His 
 fi r s t work at St. 
 Luke's was an e.xqui- 
 site bust of Apollo. 
 His torso of the 
 "Barberini Fawn" 
 captured the first 
 prize, while the sec- 
 o n d was awarded 
 him for natural drap- 
 ery in bas-relief. In 
 the second year Mr. 
 Kitson was awarded 
 the three first prizes. 
 Among his tutors in 
 Rome were the emi- 
 nent painter, Podesti, 
 
 and Professor Jacometi, who gave the young sculptor 
 the entree to the Vatican Museum. In 1873 Mr. Kitson 
 opened a studio in Rome and devoted himself to ideal 
 statues and portrait busts, producing among others in 
 Carrara marble, "The Greek Spinning Girl," "Abel 
 Waiting for the Blessing," and " David," which attracted 
 much favorable comment at the Royal .Academy, Lon- 
 don. Among Mr. Kitson's other chief works are 
 "Rebecca," "Nydia," "Young Ambition," "Miriam," 
 
 SAMUEL J. KITSON 
 
 "Isaac," "Group of Hagar and Ishmael," and " Diana." 
 His first visit to America was made in 1879, when he 
 received a commission to execute a bust of his friend, 
 Ole Bull. While here he modelled, in an improvised 
 studio, a bust of Longfellow, at the poet's residence. 
 He also made busts of Bishop Potter and Senator Haw- 
 ley. After one year's residence in America he returned 
 to Rome. On his second visit to America, Mr. Kitson 
 was commissioned to execute the sculptured interior of 
 
 W. K. Vanderbilfs 
 New York house, 
 which contains some 
 of his best work. He 
 also made a bust of 
 the late Samuel J. 
 Tilden. The inte- 
 rior of the " com- 
 pany's room " of the 
 New York Mutual 
 Life Insurance Com- 
 pany is ornamented 
 with elaborate clas- 
 sical works of Mr. 
 Kitson. Henry G. 
 Marquand's house in 
 New York contains 
 many beautiful crea- 
 tions of his brain and 
 chisel. The striking 
 frieze in terra-cotta 
 on the north side of 
 the Hartford Soldiers 
 and Sailors Monu- 
 ment was modelled 
 by him in 1885. The 
 beautiful monument 
 over the grave of 
 General Sheridan at 
 Arlington is the work 
 of Mr. Kitson. It 
 would take much time and space to enumerate the works 
 of this prolific artist. Among them is a bronze bust of 
 the eminent publisher, Daniel Lothrop, and also of 
 Hon. Elisha S. Converse ; a striking group in bronze, 
 "The American Buffalo Hunt," "Figure of History," 
 busts of Archbishop Williams, Bishop O'Reilly, Cardinal 
 Gibbons, John Boyle O'Reilly, and General Devens. Mr. 
 Kitson numbers among his treasures letters of apprecia- 
 tion from some of the most eminent men now living. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 149 
 
 TO the harmonizing of science and religion Minot 
 J. Savage has devoted the last twenty odd years of 
 his life, and he is, without question, the most eminent 
 disciple of Darwin and Spencer, of Jesus and Paul, in 
 the American pulpit to-day. Mr. Savage was born in 
 Norridgewock, Me., June 10, 1841, the son of Joseph 
 L. and Ann S. Savage. His father was a farmer, and 
 the boy studied with the intention of entering college 
 and fitting himself for the ministry. He had been a 
 student from the 
 time he was first able 
 to read. Having 
 been brought up in 
 the Orthodo.x faith, 
 he entered the Ban- 
 gor Theological 
 Seminary, and was 
 graduated in 1864. 
 His ambition was to 
 engage in missionary 
 work, and, taking a 
 commission from the 
 American Home 
 Missionary Society, 
 he sailed for Califor- 
 n i a in September, 
 1S64, three days after 
 his marriage to Ella 
 A., the daughter of 
 John and Ann S. 
 Dodge. He preached 
 for eighteen months 
 in a school-house at 
 San Mateo, twenty 
 miles south of San 
 Francisco, and then 
 for a time in Grass 
 Valley, among the 
 foot-hills of the Sier- 
 ras. Returning t o 
 
 Massachusetts, he accepted a call from the Congre- 
 gational Church in Framingham. Two years later he 
 went to Hannibal, Mo., where he remained three years 
 and a half. It was at Hannibal that his theological 
 views underwent a radical change, and he became con- 
 vinced that he must leave the Orthodox faith for a freer 
 field. He resigned his pastorate and was called to the 
 Third Unitarian Church in Chicago. In 1874 the 
 
 its pastor, and here he has remained ever since, estab- 
 lishing a reputation as one of the prominent theologica 
 teachers of the day. His name as pulpit orator is known 
 wherever the English language is spoken, his published 
 sermons having a very wide circulation in India, South 
 Africa, Australia and Japan. As an author, Mr. Sav- 
 age's name figures conspicuously in the religious and 
 critical literature of America, and several of his books 
 have been republished in London. He is an evolution- 
 ist, and the influence 
 of the great leaders 
 of modern scientific 
 thought is very ap- 
 parent in most of his 
 sermons. The rare 
 combi nation of a 
 poetic faculty with 
 a sturdy and logical 
 mind is his chief 
 characteristic. H i s 
 published poems are 
 admired by thou- 
 sands who never saw 
 the man. Mr. Sav- 
 age is an earnest 
 investigator in the 
 realm of psychical 
 research, being an 
 active member of the 
 American branch of 
 the English society. 
 His articles in the 
 "Arena" and else- 
 where on mediumis- 
 tic phenomena have 
 attracted the widest 
 attention. Mr. Sav- 
 age's congregation is 
 eminently an intelli- 
 gent one, and though 
 a radical of the radicals, his chief work is in the line of 
 reconstruction, so that he has come to enjoy the esteem 
 of his ministerial contemporaries, who have learned to 
 respect his earnestness, as well as the loyal attachment 
 of his parishioners. His congregation has recently voted 
 to sell its church on West Newton Street and move to 
 the Back Bay. Mr. and Mrs. Savage have four children, 
 two boys and two girls. The eldest son is in the senior 
 
 MINOT J, SAVAGE. 
 
 Church of the Unity in Boston invited him to settle as class at Harvard. 
 
ISO 
 
 MASSACHC^SETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EDWARD T. HARRINGTON, who is a pioneer in 
 the real estate business of Boston and its suburbs, 
 has made his own and his firm's name well known 
 among his contemporaries in the city. He was born in 
 Bolton, Worcester County, Mass., on Dec. 14, 1842, 
 being the eldest son of Tyler and CaroHne (Atherton) 
 Harrington. His early education was received in the 
 public schools of Worcester and vicinity. In 1873 he 
 came to Boston, the scene of his later successes, and 
 almost at once en- 
 tered the real estate 
 business. In 1S76 
 he formed a partner- 
 ship with Benjamin 
 C. Putnam, who was 
 himself a pioneer in 
 his line. Together 
 they continued the 
 then prosperous and 
 growing business un- 
 til 1882, when Mr. 
 Harrington sold out 
 his interest, with the 
 intention of retiring. 
 But the hold upon 
 his ambition and de- 
 sire in the successful 
 line of enterprise in 
 which he had been 
 engaged, drew him 
 back again to the 
 active walks of life, 
 and in 1885 he 
 bought the business 
 to continue it. He 
 admitted his book- 
 keeper, Charles A. 
 Gleason, into part- 
 nership, and Jan. i, 
 T890, he established 
 
 the present well-known firm of Edward T. Harrington 
 cS: Co., which occupies a large and handsome suite of 
 offices in the comparatively new building, No. 35 Con- 
 gress Street. In the real estate circles of Boston no firm 
 is better known than that of which Mr. Harrington is 
 the senior partner. The firm has spent fortunes in ad- 
 vertising, and that these have been well sjient, is ap- 
 parent when the volume of business done annually is 
 known. Much of the energy of the firm has been de- 
 
 \'oted to the work of enriching and building up the 
 suburbs of Boston, and in this department the results 
 shown are most gratifying. 'I'he selling of real pro])erty 
 is a specialty with the firm, and in this work it employs 
 fifteen skilled salesmen, each one of whom has a district 
 or territory exclusively his own. This is a feature of the 
 business introduced by Mr. Harrington, and its success is 
 attested by the success of the house. Farm property also 
 enters largely into the business of the firm, and one may 
 
 see in many direc- 
 tions the evidences 
 of the enterprise of 
 the house. It has 
 been a theory, which 
 has often been 
 yiroved true l)y Mr. 
 Harrington, that the 
 building of half a 
 dozen good houses 
 in some sightly sub- 
 urb enriched sur- 
 rounding property, 
 and led others to 
 erect handsome 
 dwellings. Mr. Har- 
 rington is a member 
 of Simon W. Robin- 
 son Lodge, F. and 
 A. M., of Lexington ; 
 Menotomy Chapter 
 of Arlington ; Beau- 
 s a n t Co m m a n d e ry , 
 K. T., of Maiden; 
 Oriental Lodge, 
 1. (). (). F. ; and'of 
 Suffolk Council, 
 R. A. In May, 
 1882, Mr. Harrington 
 was married to Miss 
 Miriam A., eldest 
 daughter of Luther and Rozan Temple, at Worcester, 
 Mass. Their home is in Lexington (East), a suburb 
 of Boston, where Mr. Harrington is interested in every- 
 thing that pertains to the benefit of the town or its 
 citizens. The suburbs of Boston have acquired world- 
 wide fame for their beauty, taste of arrangement, and the 
 artistic elegance of the residences that make them what 
 they are. In this work of improvement and enterprise, 
 Mr. Harrington has been, and is, a conspicuous figure. 
 
 EDWARD T. HARRINGTON. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 '51 
 
 BOSTON has been the home of many inventors 
 whose genius has revolutionized the mechanic 
 arts and facilitated industrial progress. B. F. Sturtevant 
 was such a man, and though he has passed away, he has 
 left, in a great industry, an enduring monument to his 
 name. It was about thirty years ago that he constructed 
 his first fan blower, which, in its many applications, has 
 become so important a feature not only in mechanical 
 but in social life. At that time Mr. Sturtevant, having 
 just come to Boston 
 from his birthplace in 
 Maine, where he 
 learned the trade of 
 a shoemaker, was in- 
 venting and experi- 
 menting upon a ma- 
 chine for pegging 
 shoes. This experi- 
 ence revealed the ne- 
 cessity of, and led 
 him to invent and 
 place upon the mar- 
 ket, a type of small 
 fan blower for remov- 
 ing by suction the 
 fine leather dust and 
 clippings from buffing 
 machines. The call 
 for these fans rapidly 
 increasing, he estab- 
 lished a small shop 
 in Sudbury Street, 
 where he employed 
 seven or eight men. 
 The utility of the 
 fans was quickly ap- 
 preciated, and they 
 came into wide use 
 for the removal of 
 light refuse material 
 
 from all classes of machines, for the ventilation of apart- 
 ments, and for the blowing of boiler, forge and cupola 
 fires. In 1866 Mr. Sturtevant received the order for 
 the large ventilating fans for the Capitol at Washington, 
 and built what were then the largest encased fans in the 
 country. The subsequent construction of a fan wheel 
 sixteen feet in diameter, for the Danvers Insane Asylum, 
 was at that time looked upon as a remarkable piece of 
 work. Being a^man who was never contented until he 
 
 was fully master of all matters pertaining to his business, 
 Mr. Sturtevant made, during this period, his extensive 
 and widely known experiments upon the efficiency and 
 capacity of fan blowers. Few men would ever have 
 carried out to such perfection experiments entirely at 
 their own expense. But the time and money thus ex- 
 pended were repaid a thousand times. The results of 
 these experiments were gi\-en to the public in a series 
 of elaborate catalogues, containing many tables of great 
 
 utility. Constructed 
 upon scientific prin- 
 ciples, the fans have 
 proved themselves in- 
 valuable in almost all 
 lines of trade. The 
 lack of room and the 
 inconvenience of a 
 city shop finally com- 
 ])elled the removal, 
 in the spring of 1878, 
 of the entire plant to 
 Jamaica Plain, about 
 three miles outside 
 the city proper. 
 Here large and con- 
 venient shoijs were 
 erected, and addi- 
 tions gradually made 
 until they form at 
 present by far the 
 most extensive works 
 in the world devoted 
 to the manufacture 
 of fan blowers. The 
 buildings, which are 
 all of brick, are gen- 
 erously supplied with 
 light and fresh air, 
 and contain all the 
 modern improve- 
 ments conducive to the welfare of the employees and 
 the production of the best work. The establishment 
 now has about six acres of available floor space, and 
 employs over five hundred men in the various depart- 
 ments. Mr. Sturtevant's strong personality is still evi- 
 dent in designs and unique arrangements. Mr. E. N. 
 Foss is the manager of the B. F. Sturtevant Company, 
 and branch houses and salesrooms are maintained in 
 Boston, New York, Chicago, Philadelphia and London, 
 
 B. F. STURTEVANT 
 
15 = 
 
 MASSACHUSETl^S OF TO-DAY. 
 
 HENRY PARKMAN, lawyer and man of affairs, be- 
 lieves with Dr. Holmes that, other things being 
 equal, a family tree is not a bad thing to possess. His 
 family represents a long line of distinguished New Eng- 
 landers. Mr. Parkman's great-great-grandfather was the 
 Rev. Ebenezer Parkman, who was for sixty years a minis- 
 ter of Westboro', Mass. His great-grandfather lived in 
 Dorchester in 1733. The sons of seven generations of 
 this family have graduated at Harvard College, and none of 
 them have reflected 
 discredit upon their 
 birthplace or their 
 alma mater. Henry 
 Parkman, son of the 
 late Dr. Samuel and 
 Mary E. (D wight) 
 Parkman, was born 
 in Boston, May 23, 
 1850. He prepared 
 for college at Mr. 
 Dixwell's and other 
 private schools, and 
 graduated from Har- 
 vard in the class of 
 1870. He studied 
 in the Harvard Law 
 School for three 
 years, graduating in 
 1874. The same 
 year he was admitted 
 to the bar and prac- 
 tised in the ofifice of 
 William G. Russell 
 for several years. He 
 is now engaged in 
 general practice with 
 offices at No. 53 
 State Street. He is 
 one of the public 
 administrators of Suf- 
 folk County, and many large trusts are confided to his 
 care. In politics he is a Republican. He represented 
 ^Vard 9 in the Common Council for six years, was a 
 member of the lower House of the Legislature in 1886, 
 1887 and 1888, serving as chairman of several important 
 committees, and was in 1891 a member of the State 
 Senate. He is president of the Boston Athletic Asso- 
 ciation, and a member of the Union and other leading 
 clubs. Mr. Parkman has resided in Boston all his life. 
 
 HENRY PARKMAN 
 
 He is earnest and enthusiastic in his political views, and 
 is president of the Republican City Committee, to the 
 work of which he devotes much time and energy. He 
 has been for ten years secretary of the Provident 
 Institution for Savings, the oldest as well as the largest 
 savings bank in Boston. Apart from his legal practice 
 and political and financial work, Mr. Parkman is inter- 
 ested in many philanthropical and progressive institu- 
 tions. He is president of the Boston Training School 
 
 for Nurses, an insti- 
 tution, the wide- 
 spread usefulness of 
 which is universally 
 recognized. Mr. 
 Parkman is also 
 president of the 
 Adams Nervine Asy- 
 lum. Having gained 
 for himself, early in 
 life, a place at the 
 top of the ladder, 
 Mr. Parkman bears 
 his honors with be- 
 coming modesty. 
 He keeps up his in- 
 t ere St in athletics 
 with the enthusiasm 
 of a boy, and no more 
 fit man could be se- 
 lected for the presi- 
 dency of the Boston 
 Athletic Association. 
 Although burdened 
 with an extensive 
 law practice, Mr. 
 Parkman finds time 
 for his varied and 
 multifarious interests 
 in outside matters. 
 He is a true Bosto- 
 nian, and is identified with the best interests of the 
 city. Mr. Parkman may properly be classed with that 
 branch of the younger men of New England, who, while 
 not precocious in the ordinary sense of the word, have 
 very early in life assumed the responsibilities usually 
 devolving upon men of more advanced years. Mr. Park- 
 man is happily married, his wife having been Frances 
 Parker, daughter of Cortland Parker, of Newark, N. J. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Parkman have one child, a daughter. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 153 
 
 THROUGH his work as an architect, and in the 
 domain of social science and industrial statistics, 
 Horace G. Wadlin is known to the Commonwealth of 
 Massachusetts. Like many boys who have since dis- 
 tinguished themselves in the public life of New England, 
 Mr. Wadlin laid the foundation of his education in the 
 public schools. Although he is known as a successful 
 architect, the trend of his mind peculiarly fits him for 
 the statistical determination of economic and social 
 questions, to which 
 he is earnestly de- 
 voted. He is a man 
 of varied attain- 
 ments, and being 
 in the prime of life 
 has many years be- 
 fore him for the pur- 
 suit of his favorite 
 studies, and the 
 working out of those 
 abstruse problems 
 which the science of 
 statistics presents to 
 i t s votaries. Mr. 
 Wadlin is essentially 
 a man of the Massa- 
 chusetts of to-day, 
 and is one of the co- 
 terie of bright, active 
 thinkers who keep 
 the mental plane of 
 the State at the high 
 altitude it has always 
 occupied. Horace 
 G. Wadlin, chief of 
 the Massachusetts 
 Bureau of Statistics 
 of I,abor, was born 
 in South Reading, 
 now W a k e fi e 1 d, 
 
 Mass., Oct. 2, 1 85 1. He is the son of Daniel H. and 
 Lucy E. (Brown) Wadlin. He was married Sept. 8, 
 1875, to Ella Frances Butterfield, of Wakefield, and now 
 resides in Reading. After completing his education in 
 the public schools and by private instruction, Mr. Wad- 
 lin studied the profession of architecture, beginning 
 independent practice in Boston in 1874, his special 
 Inies of work including school, municipal and domestic 
 buildings. Among j^the structures erected under his 
 
 HORACE G, WADLIN. 
 
 supervision are the Thornton Academy at Saco, the fine 
 new high school at Biddeford, the Richard Sugden 
 Library at Spencer, and numerous private residences in 
 the vicinity of Boston. In 1879 he became an attache' 
 of the Bureau of Statistics of Labor, in charge of special 
 economic subjects, and was afterward connected with 
 many of the more important investigations undertaken 
 by the bureau. In the decennial census of 1885 he was 
 chief of the division of libraries and schools. Upon 
 
 the resignatioji of 
 Colonel Carroll D. 
 ^Vright, in October, 
 1888, Mr. Wadlin 
 was appointed chief 
 of the bureau, retir- 
 ing from the practice 
 of his profession to 
 devote his entire at- 
 tention to his oiificial 
 duties, and was re- 
 appointed in 1 89 1 
 by Governor Russell. 
 He was supervisor 
 of the United States 
 census in 1890, con- 
 ducting the work of 
 enumeration in Mas- 
 sachusetts. Mr. 
 \\'adlin has for many 
 years been a member 
 of the School Com- 
 mittee in Reading, 
 and was for some 
 time its chairman. 
 He is now chairman 
 uf the trustees of the 
 public library. He 
 was a member of the 
 Massachusetts House 
 of Representatives 
 in 1884, 1885, 1887 and 18S8, serving on the commit- 
 tees on the census, woman suffrage, education, and 
 railroads, and being House chairman of the last three. 
 He is one of the vice-presidents of the American Statis- 
 tical Association, a member of the American Social 
 Science Association, and of the American Academy of 
 Political and Social Science, a director of the American 
 Unitarian Association, and a frequent lecturer on sub- 
 jects connected with social science, history and art. 
 
'54 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE high-water mark of the Massachusetts Democ- 
 racy was reached in the year 1883, when the 
 average vote for the Democratic State ticket, excepting 
 the vote for governor, was 145,000. In that year Noah 
 A. Plympton was in charge of the Democratic cam- 
 paign, and to his shrewd management, perhaps as much 
 as to any other cause, General Butler owed his election 
 as governor of the Commonwealth. That political cam- 
 paign will not be forgotten in this generation, at least. 
 Mr. Plympton — he 
 is known everywhere 
 as " Colonel " Plymp- 
 ton, though, as he 
 himself says, he re- 
 ceived his commis- 
 sion as colonel only 
 from the pen of a 
 newspaper writer — 
 was born in Shrews- 
 bury, Mass., Sept. 7, 
 1 84 1. After attend- 
 ing the common 
 schools, he was, at 
 the age of sixteen 
 years, apprenticed to 
 the watchmaker's 
 trade and worked at 
 it for five years. 
 Until 1878 he was 
 engaged in the watch 
 and jewelry business 
 in Worcester, Mass. 
 He was elected a 
 member of the 
 Democratic State 
 Central Committee 
 in 1880, and was 
 chosen chairman of 
 the Executive Com- 
 mittee in 1882, hav- 
 ing entire charge of the campaigns of 1882 and 1883, 
 when General Butler was the Democratic candidate for 
 governor. Mr. Plympton was elected chairman of the 
 Democratic State Central Committee in January, 1884, 
 but he resigned in the following June, and since that 
 time he has had no active connection with politics. He 
 was nominated by (lovernor Butler in 1883 for the office 
 of insurance commissioner of the Commonwealth, but 
 the nomination was rejected by the Executive Council 
 
 NOAH A. PLYMPTON. 
 
 on a strict party vote. In May, 1883, Insurance Com- 
 missioner Tarbox appointed him examiner for the Insur- 
 ance Department of Massachusetts, and as such he 
 examined many of the foreign companies doing busi- 
 ness in this State. He resigned this ofifice May i, 1884. 
 Mr. Plympton had been appointed in 1 880 general agent 
 for Massachusetts of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance 
 Company of Philadelphia, and held the position until 
 his appointment as examiner in the State Insurance 
 
 Department. In 
 May, 1884, he was 
 re-appointed general 
 agent of the Penn 
 Mutual, and was 
 made general man- 
 ager of its New F^ng- 
 1 a n d department, 
 Nov. I, 1884. On 
 that date he formed 
 a copartnership with 
 Mr. Bunting, and the 
 insurance firm of 
 Plympton & Bunting, 
 general managers of 
 t h e New England 
 dejjartment of the 
 P e n n Mutual, has 
 successfully con- 
 tinued business ever 
 since, with offices at 
 29 Milk Street. Mr. 
 Plympton was elected 
 member of the Board 
 of Trustees of the 
 company in January, 
 1S85, and is still a 
 member of the board. 
 He is also chairman 
 of the Committee on 
 Medical Department 
 and of the Committee on Accounts. At the organization 
 of the Butler Club, in May, 1887, Mr. Plympton was 
 chosen president, and has been annually re-elected 
 since that date. He is a member of Athelstan Lodge, 
 F. and A. M., of Worcester, and of Worcester Chapter, 
 R. A. M. In 1862 he was married to Miss Helen M. 
 Flint, of Shrewsbury. They have five children, the 
 eldest son being in business with his father, and a 
 second son a student of law. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 155 
 
 HENRY WALKER, the son of Ezra and Maria A. 
 \Valker, was born and educated in Isoston. In 
 the Latin School, where he was fitted for college, he won 
 a Franklin medal, and other prizes for scholarship. He 
 was graduated from Harvard LIniversity in the class of 
 185s, with Alexander Agassiz, Phillips Brooks, W. P. P. 
 Longfellow, Theodore Lyman, F. P. Sanborn, and others, 
 as classmates. L^pon leaving college he studied law in 
 the office of Hutchins & Wheeler. The bombardment 
 of Fort Sumter be- 
 gan on April 12, 
 1 86 1, and on the 
 15th, as adjutant of 
 the Fourth Regiment 
 of Massachusetts In- 
 fantry, he entered 
 the military service 
 of the Ignited States, 
 being the first Har- 
 vard graduate so to 
 do. He remained 
 with the regiment 
 during its term of 
 service, taking jiart 
 in the battle of Big 
 Bethel. LTpon re- 
 turning to Massa- 
 chusetts, he was 
 appointed lieutenant 
 colonel of the regi- 
 ment which, in 1862, 
 was reported by 
 Colonel ."Xmory, chief 
 of ordnance, " to be 
 in a better condition 
 than any militia reg- 
 iment in the State." 
 When not in the 
 field. Colonel Walker 
 was actively engaged 
 
 in raising troops and in other work relating thereto. In 
 1862 he was appointed colonel of the Fourth Regiment, 
 and went with it to the Clulf Department, where it took 
 part in all the military operations of 1863, — the first 
 march to Fort Hudson, the Teche expedition, and the 
 siege of Fort Hudson. .Xt the close of his term of 
 service he was honorably discharged, receiving this 
 endorsement from General Banks; "He was an hon- 
 orable and patriotic officer ; he was an ardent supporter 
 
 HENRY WALKER 
 
 of the policy of the war and of Mr. Lincoln's adminis- 
 tration ; he never used his authority for personal pur- 
 poses, and was prompt and faithful in the performance 
 of his duties." Colonel Walker was detained in New 
 Orleans on court-martial duty after his regiment returned 
 home. Upon the promise of the military authorities, 
 of having a regiment raised in Texas, he remained there 
 until the winter of 1864. Circumstances prevented this 
 being done, and, after the loss of much time and labor, 
 
 the enterprise was 
 abandoned. Upon 
 his return to Boston, 
 Colonel Walker re- 
 sumed the practice 
 of his profession. 
 He was license com- 
 missioner of the city 
 from May i, 1877, 
 to July, 1878, and 
 police commissioner 
 from April 30, 1879, 
 to April 22, 1882. 
 During 1887 and 
 1888 Colonel Walker 
 commanded the An- 
 cient and Honorable 
 Artillery Company, 
 the oldest military 
 organization on this 
 continent, and pre- 
 sided with grace and 
 ability on the occa- 
 sion of its two hun- 
 dred and fiftieth an- 
 niversary, June 4, 
 1888. A s c o m - 
 mander, he visited 
 England to partici- 
 pate in the three 
 hundred and fiftieth 
 anniversary of the Honourable Artillery Company of 
 London. Colonel Walker has been connected with 
 various societies ; has been for twenty years treasurer 
 of Christ Church, Boston, a member of the Demo- 
 cratic State Central Committee many years, and its 
 chairman ; has been lieutenant, adjutant, lieutenant- 
 colonel, and colonel in the State Militia, serving, in all, 
 seven years ; has been prominent in Grand Army circles, 
 and has travelled extensively. 
 
156 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WHEN a man gives up a prosperous business to 
 devote himself to working for others, it is be- 
 cause " the things which are seen" are less potent with 
 him than "the things which are unseen," and the real 
 is less than the ideal. William Henry Baldwin is that 
 type of man. He left business to give his time and en- 
 
 1868 (instituted in 1851), Mr. Baldwin was chosen its 
 president. He was not previously consulted about it, 
 and the appointment surprised him greatly. After some 
 hesitation, however, he accepted, fully intending, as then 
 stated by him, to give his services to the Union for only 
 one year, and then re-engage in business. The work of 
 
 ergies to religio-philanthropic work, especially among the Union, however, had such a fascination for him, and 
 young men, and the Boston Young Men's Christian he became so deeply interested in its growth and suc- 
 Union, with its membership of over five thousand, at- cess, that he has not yet resigned the presidency, and 
 
 tests the earnestness 
 and ability , with 
 which he has carried 
 on its work for nearly 
 a quarter of a cen- 
 tury, since April, 
 1868. Born in 
 Brighton, now a part 
 of Boston, Oct. 20, 
 1826, Mr. Baldwin 
 received his educa- 
 tional training in pub- 
 lic and private 
 schools. His school 
 days being ended, he 
 seried as clerk for 
 four years in a dry 
 goods store at Brigh- 
 ton, and after that 
 was engaged until 
 1850 with two im- 
 porting and dry 
 goods jobbing firms 
 in Boston. In that 
 year (1850) he went 
 into business for him- 
 self, the firm name 
 being Baldwin, Bax- 
 ter & Curry, after- 
 wards Baldwin & 
 Curry (Mr. Baxter 
 
 ^ fi 
 
 WILLIAM H. BALDWIN, 
 
 his friends and ad- 
 mirers earnestly hojje 
 that it may be many 
 years before he re- 
 tires from the ofifice. 
 Mr. Baldwin is also 
 president of the 
 Children's Mission to 
 the Children of the 
 Destitute; vice- 
 president of the Na- 
 tional Unitarian 
 Church Temperance 
 Society ; trustee of 
 the Franklin Savings 
 Bank ; member o f 
 the Bostonian S o - 
 ciety and of the 
 Boston M e m o r i a 1 
 Association and a 
 director in the Mas- 
 sachusetts Society 
 for the Prevention 
 of Cruelty to A n i - 
 mals. He has also 
 been director and 
 president of the Old 
 Boston School-boys' 
 Association ; p r e s i- 
 dent of the Unitarian 
 Sunday-school Soci- 
 
 died in 1858), importers and jobbers of woollens. In ety, of which he is now a director, and a member of 
 
 1865 Mr. Baldwin disposed of his interest in the firm and the Boston School Committee. These are some of the 
 
 engaged in the dry goods commission business, in directions in which his interests lie, and they indicate 
 
 which he remained until 1868. That year was the how catholic his sympathies are. Though profoundly 
 
 turning point in Mr. Baldwin's life. Hitherto he had interested in the political welfare of his city and State, 
 
 been the energetic business man, deeply interested, it Mr. Baldwin's other duties have prevented him from 
 
 is true, in religious and philanthropic subjects, but en- accepting public office of a pohtical nature. He was 
 
 grossed in mercantile affairs. Upon the reorganization married in 185 1 to Mary Augusta Chaffee, of Boston. 
 
 of the Boston Young Men's Christian Union in April, Of this union were nine children. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 157 
 
 EDWARD EVERETT HALE was first licensed to 
 preach more than half a century ago, and he has 
 been hard at it ever since. Preaching by word, deed 
 and pen, and by the multiplied influences of numberless 
 organizations, there is no man in the land who has a 
 larger audience than his. He belongs nearly as much 
 to Texas and Arizona and Australia as to Boston. In a 
 certain sense there is almost gratuitous impertinence in 
 praising Edward Everett Hale. It is like praising the 
 sky or the air or the 
 elms on Boston Com- 
 mon. He is an in- 
 stitution of the city's 
 life, as sincere, as 
 untiring, as uncon- 
 scious as they. Con- 
 cerning himself he 
 has said : " I had the 
 great luck to be born 
 in the middle of a 
 large family. I lived 
 with three brothers 
 and three sisters. I 
 was the fourth, count- 
 ing each way. I was 
 put on my Latin para- 
 digms when I was 
 six years old, and I 
 learned them reason- 
 ably well. We limped 
 through a Latin ver- 
 sion of 'Robinson 
 Crusoe ' when I was 
 eight years old. But 
 I knew nothing of 
 the Latin language, 
 as a language, till I 
 went to the Boston 
 Latin School. I was 
 ninth in a class of 
 
 fifteen. That is about the average rank which I generally 
 had. I owe my education chiefly to my father, my 
 mother, and my older brother. My father introduced 
 the railway system into New England when I was eleven 
 years old." Dr. Hale graduated from Harvard in 1839. 
 His first regular settlement was in 1846, as pastor of the 
 Church of the Unity in Worcester, where he remained 
 until 1S56. In that year he was called to the South 
 Congregational (Unitarian) Church in Boston, where he 
 
 EDWARD EVERETT HALE 
 
 still preaches. He has been one of the most active men 
 in our national literature and in many philanthropic 
 movements. His pen has been constantly employed in 
 the latter, while scores of volumes attest what he has 
 done in the former. How he has found time for so 
 much work, in addition to his pastoral duties, is a 
 mystery. He shows the marks of the toil of the scholar 
 in his countenance, but his general health has been sus- 
 tained through it all, and he is in full physical and men- 
 tal vigor after all 
 these years of earn- 
 est work. In "My 
 Double, and How He 
 Undid Me," in the 
 "Man Without a 
 Country," and other 
 short stories, he has 
 achieved a personal 
 immortality in letters. 
 Artist as he has 
 proved himself to be, 
 his work in fiction 
 has never been done 
 for art's sake, but for 
 the sake of all hu- 
 manity. His book, 
 " Ten Times One is 
 Ten," led to the es- 
 tablishment of clubs 
 devoted to charity, 
 which are now scat- 
 tered throughout the 
 Ignited States, with 
 chapters in Europe, 
 Asia, Africa and the 
 islands of the Pacific. 
 At the celebration of 
 Dr. Hale's seven- 
 tieth birthday, in 
 April, 1892, there 
 was gathered a distinguished assembly of Boston's lead- 
 ing men, Oliver Wendell Holmes contributing a poetical 
 tribute, entitled "The Living Dynamo." Nov. 10,1892, 
 Dr. Hale occupied the pulpit in Berlin, Mass., from 
 which he had preached his first sermon just fifty years 
 before. He was married in 1852 to Emily Baldwin 
 Perkins, of Hartford, Conn. They have had eight chil- 
 dren, of whom six are living. Dr Hale resides in Rox- 
 bury. 
 
158 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 BANKER, writer on public topics, and man of busi- 
 ness, Hosea Starr Ballou is a rei)resentative New 
 Englander and a sterling son of Massachusetts. As the 
 name implies, the family is of French extraction. Ma- 
 turin Ballou, Huguenot, the first American ancestor, 
 came to Rhode Island about 1645, ^"d was a landed 
 proprietor with Roger Williams in Providence. Forty 
 years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in 
 1685 (when the Bowdoins, the Faneuils and so many 
 other honored Hu- 
 guenot families found 
 a refuge in the New 
 World), Maturin 
 Ballou had already 
 fixed his home in 
 Providence. He had 
 died, and his sons, 
 the second genera- 
 tion of Ballous in 
 America, were al- 
 ready freeholders 
 when the little Narra- 
 gansett settlement 
 was burned in the 
 famous War of King 
 Philip, in 1675. Of 
 the distinguished 
 progeny of Maturin 
 Ballou was Hosea 
 Ballou, the father of 
 modern Universal- 
 ism, who died in Bos- 
 ton in 1852. Another 
 Hosea Ballou, h i s 
 grandnephew, was 
 also a distinguished 
 Universalist clergy- 
 man and editor. He 
 was the author of 
 "The Ancient His- 
 tory of Universalism," a monumental work which earned 
 for him the degree of D. C. L. from Harvard College. 
 He was first jjresident of Tufts College, where he died 
 May 27, 1861. Elizabeth Ballou Garfield, mother of the 
 late President Garfield, was a descendant in the sixth 
 generation from the original Maturin Ballou. Hosea 
 Starr Ballou, of Boston, nephew of the second Hosea, 
 represents the eighth generation in America of this 
 eminent family. Son of a Universalist clergyman, who 
 
 HOSEA STARR BALLOU. 
 
 in the fifties also dealt considerably in Illinois real 
 estate, he was born in North Orange, Mass., Feb. 9, 
 1857. He was educated at Williston Seminary, Harvard 
 College, the University of Berlin, (lermany, and the 
 Collbge de France, Paris. In 1870 the business of 
 the Ballou Banking Company was established. Since 
 the incorporation of the institution Mr. Ballou has 
 been the president. He has won for his banking 
 house the implicit confidence of the investing ])ublic. 
 
 The Ballou Banking 
 Company has offices 
 in Boston, Philadel- 
 phia, Baltimore, 
 Sioux City, and in 
 other cities of the 
 United States and 
 Europe. The Boston 
 offices are in the 
 Ei|uitable Building, 
 and it is here that 
 Mr. Ballou gives his 
 personal attention to 
 the direction of the 
 large business of the 
 t a banking company in 
 
 3^^^ municipal, water, 
 
 ^^Hfetakt gas and street rail- 
 
 '^^^^^^^^' way bonds, mort- 
 
 ^ gages, commercial 
 
 paper, central store 
 property, leased for 
 a long term of years, 
 in Chicago, Minne- 
 apolis, St. Paul, 
 Sioux City and 
 Omaha. His intelli- 
 - • gent discrimina- 
 
 tion and well- 
 directed efforts have 
 brought these cities 
 and the tributary country much nearer to the Eastern 
 investing public. But it is not in business and financial 
 circles only that Hosea Starr Ballou is known. He is 
 an original thinker, and has contributed many articles to 
 the press, on European systems of education, and on 
 matters of public polity, covering a wide range of 
 thought. He has travelled extensively, and has pub- 
 lished many short sketches of travel, notably on Southern 
 Italy, and on Sweden, Norway and Denmark. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 159 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS stands for many things, but for 
 nothing more distinctly than for popular educa- 
 tion. Her public schools have given her a supremacy 
 in the educational world equal to that held by the Em- 
 pire State in the commercial world. The growth and 
 widening influence of the common school system are in 
 no small measure due to the conservative, yet progres- 
 sive, policy of the State Board of Education. Of this 
 board, John Woodbridge Dickinson is the efficient sec- 
 retary. His early 
 years were passed in 
 South Williamstown, 
 Mass. He was the 
 youngest but one of 
 a family of nine chil- 
 dren. At the age of 
 nine years he was 
 put to work on the 
 farm during the sum- 
 mer months, attend- 
 ing school for a few 
 weeks only during 
 the winter. Having 
 a strong desire for a 
 liberal education, he 
 passed through his 
 preparatory course 
 of studies at Grey- 
 lock Institute, South 
 Williamstown, and at 
 Williston Seminary, 
 Easthampton, and 
 entered Williams 
 College in 1848, 
 graduating with clas- 
 sical honors in 1852. 
 The same year he 
 was appointed assist- 
 ant teacher in the 
 State Normal School 
 
 at Westfield, and four years later was made its princi- 
 pal. For twenty-one years he performed the duties of 
 his office with marked ability and success, preparing for 
 the service of the State a large number of teachers, well 
 trained in the philosophy and art of teaching, and gaining 
 for the school a national reputation. Mr. Dickinson 
 early became a diligent and successful student of peda- 
 gogical science. He was among the first to introduce 
 those reforms in methods of teaching which have since 
 
 JOHN W. DICKINSON 
 
 been working their way into the best schools of the 
 country. He trained his classes in the use of the ana- 
 lytic oljjective method of study and teaching, in present- 
 ing to their own minds, or to the minds of others, 
 any branch of learning, whether subject or object. In 
 1877 Mr. Dickinson was called to the office of secretary 
 of the Massachusetts Board of Education. His expe- 
 rience as teacher had well fitted him for the new posi- 
 tion. During his term of service the cause of popular 
 
 education has made 
 great progress in the 
 Commonwealth. The 
 normal schools have 
 grown strong in pub- 
 lic favor ; the teach- 
 ers' institutes have 
 been made to con- 
 tribute more directly 
 to an improvement 
 in the methods of 
 teaching ; the final 
 abolition of the 
 school district sys- 
 tem has been accom- 
 plished ; the children 
 of the C o m m o n - 
 wealth have been 
 provided with free 
 text-books, and the 
 small towns of the 
 State have been aided 
 in supplying them- 
 selves with well- 
 trained school 
 superintendents. 
 Mr. Dickinson's an- 
 nual reports hold a 
 high rank among 
 educational works, 
 on account of their 
 pedagogical value. Through his public addresses be- 
 fore educational associations, and through his manage- 
 ment of the pedagogical department of the Chautauqua 
 University, he has exerted a strong influence upon the 
 teachers of the country. In 1S56 Mr. Dickinson was 
 married to Arexina G. Parsons, of North Yarmouth, Me. 
 She was a graduate of Bradford Female Seminary, and a 
 successful teacher. She died in 1892. There are two 
 children, John Worthington and Susie Allen. 
 
i6o 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE celebrated reformer and Universalist divine, 
 Alonzo Ames Miner, son of Benajah Ames and 
 Amanda (Carey) Miner, was born Aug. 17, 1814, in 
 Lempster, N. H. He is the grandson of Cliarles Miner, 
 a Revolutionary soldier, and descendant of Thomas 
 Miner, who came to Charlestown in 1630. His English 
 ancestor, Henry BuUman, in 1356 was honored by 
 Edward HI. with a coat of arms. From his sixteenth 
 to his twentieth year, Dr. Miner taught in jjublic schools. 
 He was associated 
 with James Garvin in 
 1834-35 in the joint 
 conduct of the Cav- 
 endish (Vt.) Acad- 
 emy, and from 1835 
 to 1839 was at the 
 head of the Unity 
 (N. H.) Scientific 
 and Military Acad- 
 emy. In 1838 he 
 received the fellow- 
 ship of the Universa- 
 list church, and was 
 ordained to its min- 
 istry in 1839. After 
 a three years' pastor- 
 ate in M e t h u e n , 
 Mass., and six years 
 in Lowell, he became 
 the colleague of the 
 ve nerable H o s ea 
 Ballou and successor 
 of the Rev. Dr. E. H. 
 Chapin in 1848, at 
 the Second Univer- 
 salist church of Bos- 
 ton. This pastorate 
 still continues. Dr. 
 Miner has always 
 been closely con- 
 nected with educational work, having served on the 
 school boards of Methuen, Lowell and Boston, and on 
 the Board of Overseers of Harvard College. From 1862 
 to 1875 he was president of Tufts College, retaining his 
 Boston pastorate. An ardent friend of the college, he 
 made the address at the laying of the corner-stone, and 
 among other donations to it has given forty thousand 
 dollars for a theological hall. He is now serving his 
 twenty-fourth year on the State Board of Education, and 
 
 for nearly twenty years has been chairman of the Board 
 of Visitors of the State Normal Art School, which he 
 was largely influential in establishing. He is a member 
 of the American Academy of Political and Social Sci- 
 ence and of the Executive Committee of the American 
 Peace Society. He was for twenty years president of 
 the Massachusetts 'I'emperance Alliance, and preached 
 the election sermon before the Legislature in 18S4, 
 which he handled so severely that it repealed the law 
 
 providing for the an- 
 nual election sermon. 
 To perpetuate the 
 Prohibitory party 
 work, 1 )r. Miner per- 
 mitted the use of his 
 name as candidate 
 for governor of the 
 State when the poli- 
 ticians had fright- 
 ened all others from 
 the field. He deliv- 
 ered the civic oration 
 July 4, 1 85 5 ; received 
 the honorary degree 
 of A. M. from Tufts 
 College, 1861; 
 S. T. D. from Har- 
 vard , 1 863 ; and 
 LL. D. from Tufts, 
 1875. He has offi- 
 ciated at nearly 
 twenty-three hundred 
 funerals and solem- 
 nized nearly three 
 thousand marriages. 
 He is also president 
 of the executive com- 
 mittee of the trustees 
 of Tufts College, 
 president of the 
 trustees of the Bromfield School at Harvard, of the 
 board of trustees of Dean Academy, at Franklin, and of 
 the trustees and board of directors of the LTniversalist 
 Publishing House, now located at No. 30 \N'est Street, 
 Boston, of which he was the originator. Dr. Miner is a 
 man of striking individuality and intense activity. His 
 great ca].)acity for work has enabled him to crowd the 
 labor of several life- times into one, and through his 
 marked originality he is an impressive factor in Boston life. 
 
 ALONZO A. MINER 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 I6l 
 
 THE man who first predicted the practical use of 
 electricity for street railways must not pass with- 
 out notice in any story of Massachusetts, although 
 death has removed him from the sphere of his work. 
 Calvin Allen Richards was born in Dorchester, Mass., 
 March 4, 1828. He received his education in the 
 public schools in and around Boston, and left school at 
 an early age to assist his father, Isaiah D. Richards, in 
 his business. He soon exhibited the executive ability 
 which was so power- 
 fully felt in his after- 
 life. In I 8 5 2 he 
 married Ann R. Bab- 
 cock, daughter of 
 Dexter Babcock, 
 who is now living, 
 an honored, retired 
 merchant, in his 
 ninety -sixth year. 
 Two children were 
 born of this union — 
 a son who died in 
 1863, and a daughter 
 who survives him. 
 He remained in 
 business with his 
 father and brothers 
 until 1 86 1, when he 
 opened a large es- 
 tablishment on 
 Washington Street, 
 and it was in this 
 location that he 
 amassed the bulk of 
 his fortune. He was 
 in the C o m m o n 
 Council of Boston in 
 1858, 1859, and 
 1861, and in 1862 he 
 was an alderman. 
 
 In 1874 he became a prominent director of the Met- 
 ropolitan Street Railroad, and, shortly after, its presi- 
 dent. The Metropolitan Railroad, under his direction, 
 became one of the largest and best managed in the 
 country. He worked most zealously for the interests of 
 the stockholders. In all labor disturbances it was his 
 habit to appear personally before the different organiza- 
 tions and adjust matters amicably. In 1885 Mr. Rich- 
 ards became the president of the American Street 
 
 Railway Association, composed of the executive officers 
 of almost all the railroads in the United States and 
 Canada. He was almost the first man to predict the 
 use of electric power for street cars, which he did in a 
 magnificent speech at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, in New 
 York, in October, 1884. He was greatly beloved by his 
 associates in this organization, and always received an 
 earnest invitation to attend the conventions long after 
 he turned aside from railroad life. Mr. Richards be- 
 came associated with 
 the new West End 
 organization under 
 President Whitney, 
 but soon resigned. 
 For a short time 
 afterwards he was 
 connected with the 
 Boston Heating 
 Company, but soon 
 retired to private life 
 after purchasing and 
 remodelling the large 
 office building, No. 
 114 State Street, 
 which bears his 
 name. The con- 
 struction of this 
 building was the 
 closing act of Mr. 
 Richards's business 
 life, as he was 
 stricken with the 
 grip immediately af- 
 ter its completion, 
 in January, 1890. 
 His family and 
 friends saw him fail- 
 ing quite rapidly for 
 about two months 
 before his death. 
 He had been out on Monday morning (Feb. 15, 1892), 
 for a short drive, and had answered a telephone call but 
 a short half hour before he fell dead, his death being 
 instantaneous, without one moment of suffering. His 
 life needs no eulogy for those who knew him — a strong, 
 firm, conscientious business man, who contributed much 
 to the marvellous development of the street railway sys- 
 tem in Boston, achieved a wonderful success, and left 
 an ample fortune. 
 
 CALVIN A. RICHARDS. 
 
1 62 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IN the year 1887, a young man was elected to the 
 Massachusetts House of Representatives from Mel- 
 rose. No one dreamed at the time that he was going 
 to make an epoch for himself in the Republican politics 
 of the Commonwealth, be chosen for five consecutive 
 years as speaker of the House — the fourth time with 
 absolute unanimity — and be conspicuous among those 
 who were considered worthy of the highest honors 
 within the gift of the party. William Emerson Barrett's 
 rise will long be re- 
 counted among the 
 marvels in the history 
 of Massachusetts pol- 
 itics. He is the most 
 aggressive political 
 fighter in the State, 
 and many a time has 
 snatched a brilliant 
 victory from the edge 
 of defeat. Whatever 
 remains for him of 
 political honors, his 
 fifth year in the chair 
 has brought him an 
 unchallenged place 
 among the memora- 
 ble speakers of the 
 House. Not alone 
 in politics, however, 
 has his career been 
 most striking and 
 exceptional. Taking 
 the charge of a paper 
 injured by poor man- 
 agement, he has 
 placed it on a solid 
 financial basis and 
 regained for it its 
 old-time position in 
 moulding the public 
 
 opinion of New England. \ meagre outline of the life 
 story of Mr. Barrett is as follows : He was born in .Mel- 
 rose, Mass., Dec. 29, 185S, the son of Augustus and 
 Sarah (Emerson) Barrett. His education, begun in the 
 public schools of his native town, was continued in the 
 high school of Claremont, N. H., where his father was 
 engaged in manufacture, and completed at Dartmouth 
 College, from which he graduated in 1880. A few 
 months later he went to work on the St. Albans (Vt.) 
 
 WILLIAM E. BARRETT 
 
 Messenger, and remained there two years. In 1882 he 
 came to Boston, obtained a position on the Daily 
 Advertiser, and, after a preliminary experience as special 
 correspondent in Maine during the campaign of that 
 year, was sent to Washington as the regular correspond- 
 ent of the paper. At the capital he developed rapidly, 
 and soon became one of the best-known Washington 
 correspondents in the country, his note and comment 
 on political and other movements being often brilliant, 
 
 and always bright. 
 During the national 
 campaign of 1884, 
 Mr. Barrett's letters 
 from the " doubtful " 
 States were among 
 the most important 
 and interesting 
 contributions to 
 campaign literature, 
 giving a perfectly 
 unbiassed account 
 of the situation. In 
 June, 1886, Mr. Bar- 
 rett was recalled 
 from Washington and 
 made managing edi- 
 tor of the Advertiser, 
 subsequently becom- 
 ing the publisher and 
 leading owner of the 
 property. He is 
 now president of the 
 Advertiser News- 
 paper Company and 
 publisher of the 
 Advertiser and the 
 Evening Reeord, 
 the latter — one of 
 the liveliest and most 
 out-spoken Republi- 
 can papers in America — being the first successful Bos- 
 ton cent paper. In 1887 Mr. Barrett was elected to 
 the lower House of the Massachusetts Legislature, and 
 has been re-elected annually ever since, and its speaker 
 since 18S9. He is a member of a number of business 
 corporations, of political and social clubs, and of the 
 Masonic Order. He was married in 1887 to Miss Annie 
 L. Bailey, of Claremont, N. H. They have two children, 
 a daughter and a son. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 163 
 
 THE Boston Symphony Orchestra is conceded by all 
 critics and musicians to be the finest one in this 
 country, and one of the four or five best in the world. 
 Hence the musical rank of its leader, Arthur Nikisch, 
 is undisputed. He was born Oct. 12, 1855, in a small 
 town called .Szent-Miklos, in the principality of Liech- 
 tenstein, Germany. His father was head auditor and 
 steward to the prince, and an enthusiastic musical ama- 
 teur. In early childhood the boy showed such extraor- 
 dinary talent that 
 his parents deter- 
 mined to educate 
 him as a musician. 
 He began his studies 
 with the violin, and 
 mastered this instru- 
 ment with such ease, 
 and so completely, 
 that at the age of 
 eight he appeared in 
 public with great suc- 
 cess. When he was 
 eleven years old he 
 entered the Royal 
 Conservatory in 
 Vienna, devoting 
 himself to all the 
 technical branches of 
 composition, and two 
 years later he won 
 the first prize in open 
 competition for a 
 sextet. He remained 
 at the conservatory 
 for eight years. One 
 of his compositions 
 
 — a cantata for solo, 
 chorus and orchestra 
 
 — was so successful 
 as to be constantly 
 
 repeated, and, as a special honor, on the occasion of his 
 graduating from the conservatory, he publicly con- 
 ducted a symphony. He was immensely popular with 
 all his fellow-students, among whom were Motte and 
 Faure. After graduation, he was appointed one of the 
 first violinists at the Royal Opera in Vienna, and in 187S 
 he went with Angelo Neumann to Leipsic, as assistant 
 conductor in the Old Opera House, where at that time 
 Anton Seidl was officiatinsr as chief conductor. The 
 
 ARTHUR NIKISCH 
 
 following year Herr Nikisch was transferred to the New 
 Opera House, where he remained until 1889, when his 
 services were secured for the Boston Symphony Orches- 
 tra by Henry L. Higginson. Under Herr Nikisch's 
 direction the Leipsic Theatre orchestra gained a Eu- 
 ropean fame which entitled it to an equal, or even supe- 
 rior, place to the Gewandhaus orchestra, which had long 
 been regarded as the best in the world. .\ performance 
 of the colossal Ninth Symphony, which Herr Nikisch 
 
 conducted in 1882, 
 was said to have been 
 the most magnificent 
 ever given, while the 
 superb manner i n 
 which he conducted 
 the concerts of the 
 Tonkuenstler - V e r - 
 sammlung in 1 8S3 
 brought him a pro- 
 fusion of orders and 
 decorations from all 
 over Germany. Herr 
 Nikisch has won the 
 rare distinction o f 
 being able to con- 
 duct the long Wagner 
 operas without once 
 looking at the notes. 
 On one occasion he 
 was conducting the 
 Ninth Symphony 
 without looking at 
 the score. He sud- 
 denly stopped, and 
 told the players that 
 they were not rea"d- 
 ing the passage right. 
 They assured him it 
 was according to the 
 score, but he insisted 
 that the score was wrong. On looking the matter up 
 they found that Herr Nikisch was right, and that an 
 error had been made in transcribing the notes. Herr 
 Nikisch has fully maintained the high artistic standard 
 which his predecessor, Herr Gericke, set for the Sym- 
 phony concerts. He is married, and has a family of 
 interesting children. His wife was an opera singer of 
 considerable note in Germany, and she has appeared 
 with success on the American concert stage. 
 
1 64 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 AS soldier, man of affairs and patron of the arts and 
 sciences, Nathan Appleton is one of the active 
 and useful men of his generation. He was born in 
 Boston, Feb. 2, 1843, the youngest son of Nathan and 
 Harriot Coffin (Sumner) Appleton. Graduating at 
 Harvard in 1863, he was commissioned second lieuten- 
 ant in the Fifth Massachusetts Battery, and served in 
 the autumn campaign of 1863 in Virginia. At one of 
 the engagements subsequent to the Wilderness he was 
 severely wounded, 
 and was brevetted 
 captain for gallantry. 
 Resuming his duties 
 as aid on the staff of 
 General Wainwright, 
 he was present at 
 the battle of Five 
 Forks and the sur- 
 render of Lee. As 
 delegate of the Bos- 
 ton Board of Trade, 
 he was present at 
 the opening of the 
 Suez Canal, in 1869, 
 being, with one ex- 
 ception, the only 
 accredited represen- 
 tative of his country 
 on that occasion. 
 He contributed 
 largely to the French 
 representation at the 
 Centennial Exposi- 
 tion in Philadelphia. 
 He has been a direc- 
 tor in the American 
 Metric Bureau, and 
 was present at the 
 Paris Exposition of 
 1878 as a delegate 
 
 to several international congresses, representing the 
 American Geographical Society at the Congress of 
 Commercial Geography, attending the Congress for the 
 Prevention of Cruelty to Animals as a delegate of the 
 Massachusetts society, taking part in the deliberations 
 for the proposed Franco-American treaty of commerce, 
 and presenting a plan for unifying coinage at the Con- 
 gress for Weights, Measures and Coins. In January, 
 1879, as representative of the American Geographical 
 
 NATHAN APPLETON. 
 
 Societ\', and of the United States Board of Trade, he 
 attended the international congress called by M. de 
 Lesseps to decide upon the best route for a canal. Mr. 
 Appleton was chairman of the Committee on Commer- 
 cial Relations, and he voted with seventy-seven others 
 in favor of the Panama route. In 1880 he accompan- 
 ied M. de Lesseps from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific 
 as his interpreter and the exponent of his views. Mr. 
 Appleton is a member of the Loyal Legion, was com- 
 mander of a Mas- 
 sachusetts Grand 
 Army post for two 
 years, and has been 
 one of the vice-pres- 
 idents of the Society 
 of the Army of the 
 Potomac. He is a 
 vice-president of the 
 Massachusetts Soci- 
 ety of the Sons of 
 the American Revo- 
 lution. He has trav- 
 elled extensively in 
 Mexico, and Central 
 and South America, 
 bringing home many 
 valuable gifts for art 
 and educational in- 
 stitutions. During a 
 recent sojourn in 
 Santo Domingo, he 
 took the initiative in 
 e ncouraging the 
 people to send an 
 exhibit to the 
 World's Fair. He is 
 the author of two 
 original plays, has 
 been a frequent con- 
 tributor to the press, 
 and has delivered many public addresses, among them 
 an address in the Old South Meeting House, Boston, 
 June 14, 1877, on the occasion of the hundredth anni- 
 versary of the adoption of the American flag by Con- 
 gress, and an oration at the unveiling of the Columbus 
 statue in Boston, Oct. 21, 1892. His paper on "Har- 
 vard College during the War of the Rebellion," read 
 before the Bostonian Society, has attracted wide 
 attention. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 i6s 
 
 EMORY J. HAYNES, D. D., the eloquent pastor of 
 the People's Church, is one of the commanding 
 figures in the Boston pulpit and in the Methodist Epis- 
 copal denomination. He was born in Cabot, Vt., Feb. 
 6, 1847, the son of Rev. Zadoc S. and Marion W. 
 (Bayley) Haynes. In 1863 he entered Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity, Middletown, Conn. During his junior year at 
 Wesleyan he preached his first sermon, in Royalton, Vt., 
 his father, who was pastor of the church, being among 
 the hearers. In his 
 senior year he 
 
 preached for the 
 
 Main Street Church 
 (Methodist Episco- 
 pal) at Norwich, 
 Conn., and after 
 graduating, in 1867, 
 and joining the Prov- 
 idence Conference, 
 he was regularly in- 
 stalled as pastor of 
 the Norwich church, 
 and remained there 
 three years. In 
 1870 he was called 
 to St. Paul's Church, 
 Fall River, and from 
 there he went to the 
 Hanson Place Meth- 
 odist Episcopal 
 Church in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. His success 
 here was phenome- 
 nal, the society and 
 congregation rapidly 
 increasing in num- 
 bers under his minis- 
 
 try. In 1873 the 
 church laid the cor- 
 ner-stone of what is 
 
 now the home of the largest Methodist Episcopal church 
 and Sunday School in .America. It was finished and dedi- 
 cated in January, 1874. Mr. Haynes's next call was to 
 the Seventh Avenue (now Grace) Methodist Episcopal 
 Church in the same city. He had left the Hanson Place 
 society with the mutual understanding that he would 
 return at the end of three years, then the limit of the 
 pastoral term. Before the close of the second year, 
 however, his convictions concerning church government 
 
 EMORY J. HAYNES. 
 
 and practice had undergone something of a change, and 
 he united with the Baptist denomination, accepting, in 
 1877, a call from the Washington .Avenue Baptist 
 Church, Brooklyn. He remained there until 1885, when 
 he came to Boston as pastor of the Union Temple 
 Church, Tremont Temple. His labors at this "free 
 church of the strangers" for si.\ years were highly suc- 
 cessful, and his position here was one of the most labo- 
 rious and influential in the Christian world, the aggregate 
 
 audiences gathering 
 at all the services in 
 Tremont Temple 
 each Sunday num- 
 bering ten thousand 
 people. In i8gi 
 Mr. Haynes resigned 
 the pastorate of the 
 Union Temple 
 Church and offered 
 himself to the bish- 
 ops and conference 
 of the New England 
 branch of Methodism 
 who appointed him 
 at once to the Peo- 
 ple's Church, where 
 he has since re- 
 mained. His field of 
 usefulness here is 
 scarcely less broad 
 than it was at Tre- 
 mont Temple, and 
 his hold upon the 
 masses is particularly 
 strong. He is the 
 author of several 
 works of fiction, in- 
 cluding " Dollars and 
 Duty," "A Wedding 
 in War Time," and 
 many short stories. He is president of the Anti-Tene- 
 ment House League. Dr. Haynes has been twice 
 married, his second wife being Grace, daughter of 
 William and Mary E. Forby, of New York. They have 
 five children. Mrs. Haynes owns a beautiful residence 
 on the Hudson River, below Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where, 
 because of long summer sojourns, Mr. Haynes is almost 
 as well known as in Boston. Colby University conferred 
 upon him the degree of D. D. in 1886. 
 
1 66 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EDWARD AVERY has attained his distinguished 
 position in the legal fraternity of Boston by 
 severe attention to his profession and by his great nat- 
 ural ability for its details and intricacies. He was born 
 in Marblehead, Mass., March, 12, 1828, being the son of 
 General Samuel and Mary A. W. (Candler) Avery. Gen- 
 eral Samuel Avery was a native of Vermont, and served 
 in the War of 181 2. He subsequently removed to Marble- 
 head, where he commanded the local brigade of militia 
 for fi f t e e n years, 
 served many years as 
 a selectman of the 
 town, and repre- 
 sented it in the Gen- 
 eral Court. Edward 
 Avery's mother was a 
 daughter of Captain 
 John Candler, of 
 English descent. 
 The branch of the 
 family with which 
 Edward Avery is 
 connec t ed is de- 
 scended from Samuel 
 Avery, a civil engi- 
 neer, who received a 
 grant of land in Ver- 
 mont embracing 
 the tracts known as 
 Avery's Gores. Mr. 
 Avery obtained his 
 early education in 
 the public schools of 
 Marblehead, finish- 
 ing in Brook's Clas- 
 sical School in 
 Boston. He then 
 entered the office of 
 F. W. Choate, and 
 later completed his 
 
 course in the Harvard Law School. In April, 1849, he 
 was admitted to the bar, and began practice in Barre, 
 Mass. In 185 1 he removed to Boston, and has since 
 practised continually in that city, a greater part of the 
 time in association with George M. Hobbs, under the 
 firm name of Avery & Hobbs. Early in his career Mr. 
 Avery became interested in politics, and since 1851, 
 with the exception of a few years, he has been a mem- 
 ber of the Democratic State Central Committee, being 
 
 several times its chairman. He was once the Demo- 
 cratic candidate for attorney-general of the State, and 
 several times for Congress. In the Democratic national 
 conventions of 1868 and 1876 he was a delegate, and 
 at both represented his State in the Committee on 
 Resolutions. He has frequently presided over Demo- 
 cratic State conventions, and his addresses have always 
 been masterly presentations of Democratic doctrines. 
 He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conven- 
 tion of 1892, where 
 he was a strong sup- 
 porter of Mr. Cleve- 
 land's nomination. 
 In 1867 he was one 
 of the eight Demo- 
 cratic members of 
 the lower House of 
 the State Legislature, 
 and served on the 
 Committee on Pro- 
 bate and Chancery. 
 In the campaign of 
 the next year he was 
 nominated for State 
 senator, and on the 
 night before election 
 he was re-nominated 
 for the House. 
 Elected to both po- 
 sitions, he took his 
 seat in the Senate. 
 Mr. Avery is a mem- 
 ber of the Grand 
 Lodge of Masons of 
 Massachusetts. For 
 four years he was 
 d i St r i c t de ji u t y 
 grand master of the 
 sixteenth Massachu- 
 setts district, and for 
 some time was junior grand warden of the Grand Lodge. 
 In 1852 Mr. Avery married Susan Caroline, daughter of 
 Caleb Stetson, of Boston. His second wife was Mar- 
 garet, daughter of David Greene. There have been 
 two children, a son and a daughter, the former, Albert 
 E., being engaged in the practice of law with his father. 
 Mr. Avery is reckoned among the most valued advisers of 
 of the Democratic leaders in Massachusetts, the safe con- 
 servatism of his counsel proving of great use to his i)arty. 
 
 EDWARD AVERY. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 167 
 
 M 
 
 ODERN journalism in Boston dates from March 
 
 Boston Globe, but on that date it was reorganized, 
 rejuvenated, resurrected ahiiost, and, under the man- 
 agement of Charles H. Taylor, started on a dazzling 
 career which has few, if any, parallels in American jour- 
 nalism. In many respects. General Taylor's life has 
 been a noteworthy one. It has been a display of heroic 
 industry, zest, ambition, the bravest self-reliance, — and 
 from slight begin- 
 nings he has achieved 
 much. He was born 
 in Char lest own, 
 Mass., July 14, 1846, 
 the son of John I. 
 and Abigail R. (Hap- 
 good) Taylor. He 
 left school at the age 
 of fifteen, and went 
 to work in a Boston 
 printing-office, where 
 he learned the trade 
 of a compositor. .\ 
 year later, when he 
 was employed in the 
 Traveller office, he 
 enlisted in the 
 Thirty-eighth Mas- 
 sachusetts Regiment, 
 and served in the 
 field until wounded 
 in the memorable as- 
 sault on Port Hud- 
 son, June 14, 1863. 
 Returning to Boston, 
 he re-entered the 
 Traveller office, and 
 soon made his mark 
 as a reporter. He 
 mastered the diffi- 
 culties of shorthand, and did much notable work as 
 a stenographer. As Boston correspondent of the New 
 York Tribune and the Cincinnati Times, he earned con- 
 siderable reputation. In 1869 he became jirivate sec- 
 retary to Governor Claflin, and a member of the latter's 
 military staff, with the rank of colonel, and as " Colonel 
 Taylor" he has since been known throughout New 
 England, though by the more recent appointment of 
 Governor Russell he is now properly addressed as 
 
 CHARLES H. TAYLOR 
 
 General Taylor. In 1872 he was elected to the House 
 of Representatives from Somerville, and was re-elected 
 the following year, receiving the unusual honor on both 
 occasions of being the unanimous choice of his fellow- 
 citizens, regardless of party lines. He was elected 
 clerk of the House in 1873, and served until August 
 of that year, when he took charge of the Boston Globe, 
 then a new paper, which had been started about a year 
 before, and which was struggling hard to obtain a foot 
 
 hold among the old 
 Boston dailies. For 
 nearly five years 
 Colonel Taylor had 
 an uphill struggle, 
 and in that period 
 he suffered enough 
 discouragements to 
 have completely dis- 
 heartened any ordi 
 nary man. The 
 Globe in those days 
 was narrow, ex- 
 tremely literary, and 
 correspondingly un- 
 remunerat i V e. On 
 March 7, 1878, 
 Colonel Taylor took 
 a bold step and re- 
 organized the Globe 
 as a Democratic two- 
 cent daily paper, con- 
 ducted on popular 
 lines and appealing 
 to the many instead 
 of the few. Since 
 that time it has been 
 one of the marvels of 
 American journalism, 
 following up one 
 original stroke with 
 another, until its influence has completely revolutionized 
 the press of Boston, and attaining a circulation which 
 is conceded by all to be the largest in New England. 
 General Taylor was married in 1866 to Georgiana O., 
 daughter of George W. and L. F. Davis, of Charlestown. 
 He spent the summer of 1891 in Europe, and during 
 his absence his eldest son, C. H. Taylor, Jr. (who is 
 now business manager), conducted alone the enormou;: 
 business of the paper. 
 
i68 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 BRYCE J. ALLAN, the only representative in Boston 
 of the Allan Line of Royal Mail Steamships, is 
 one of the figures in commercial and social life. He 
 was born in 1862 in Montreal, Canada, the third son of 
 Sir Hugh Allan, and from his youth has shown an apti- 
 tude for business. He came to Boston about ten years 
 ago, and entered the office of H. & A. Allan, agents in 
 this city of the Allan Line. After familiarizing himself 
 with the business he succeeded to the agency in June, 
 1892, when he was 
 made manager of 
 the Boston office. 
 Mr. Allan has been 
 prominent in the 
 social events of the 
 city. Though he is 
 unmarried, his home 
 on Beacon Street in 
 Boston and his new 
 and beautiful cottage 
 at Pride's Crossing, 
 Beverly Farms, are 
 well known as resorts 
 of fashion and cul- 
 ture. Under his 
 management the 
 business of the Allan 
 Line in this city has 
 prospered greatly, 
 and his is to-day 
 foremost among the 
 steamship agencies in 
 New England. Mr. 
 Allan's career in 
 Boston has been so 
 intimately connected 
 with the Allan Line 
 that some mention 
 of that enterprise is 
 fitting here. Cap- 
 tain Alexander Allan, a native of Saltcoats, Ayrshire, was 
 the founder of the line. He was commander of the 
 ship "Jean," and won a reputation for faithful perform- 
 ance of all contracts and quick and safe passages. In 
 1815, he ran the "Jean" from the Clyde to the St. Law- 
 rence, and established a connection between these great 
 rivers which has continued unbroken to this day. Ship 
 after ship was added until Captain Allan was at the head 
 of quite a fleet of packets. Two of his sons were sea- 
 
 BRYCE J. ALLAN 
 
 faring men, and he made another son. Sir Hugh, a busi- 
 ness man. A change in the transatlantic service was 
 made in 1850, when the British government desired 
 some firm to establish a fleet of screw steamers to carry 
 regularly the mails from Liverpool to Canada. The 
 Allans entered into the project, made all necessary 
 arrangements, and submitted an offer to the govern- 
 ment. For some reason the offer was rejected, and the 
 contract was given to a Glasgow house. It did not give 
 
 satisfaction, and in 
 1853 the contract 
 was awarded to the 
 Allans, who have 
 held it since. In 
 1859 the service was 
 greatly increased, 
 and since then the 
 fleet has been 
 strengthened by new 
 vessels and various 
 improvements, until 
 the Allan Line is 
 second, in point of 
 perfection, to no 
 ocean mail service 
 in the world. In 
 1862 the Newfound- 
 land mails were 
 taken, and in the 
 same year the com- 
 pany loaded vessels 
 at Baltimore. In 
 1876 a Uruguay ser- 
 vice was established, 
 in 1879 offices 
 opened in Boston, 
 and in 1884 a Phila- 
 delphia connection 
 made. In 1890 the 
 Messrs. Allan pur- 
 chased the State line of steamships and opened an office 
 in New York, having a weekly service between that port 
 and Glasgow. The fleet at present consists of nearly 
 fifty vessels, and the company controls and operates 
 seven direct services between Europe and the LInited 
 States and Canada. The name of Allan is indissolubly 
 connected with the business of transatlantic steam trans- 
 portation, and few firms have enjoyed such an uninter- 
 rupted career of prosperity. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 169 
 
 ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE WILLIAM 
 FISHER WHARTON, who during the last 
 three years has handled many of the nation's delicate 
 and complicated diplomatic affairs with such skill, is a 
 typical Bostonian. He is the son of William Craig and 
 Nancy W. (Spring) Wharton, and was born at Jamaica 
 Plain, June 28, 1847. When a boy he attended Epes 
 Sargent Dixwell's school, Boston. He entered Harvard 
 College in 1867, and was graduated in the class of 1870 
 with honors in Latin, 
 Greek and ancient 
 history. He studied 
 law in the office of 
 John C. Ropes and 
 John C. Gray for a 
 year, then attended 
 the Harvard L a w 
 School two years, 
 and was graduated 
 in 1873, being ad- 
 mitted to the Suffolk 
 bar the same year. 
 He then travelled in 
 Europe until the au- 
 tumn of 1875, when 
 he returned to Bos- 
 ton and began the 
 practice of law, 
 which he continued 
 until April, 1889, 
 when he was ap- 
 pointed by President 
 Harrison assistant 
 secretary of state of 
 the United States. 
 He served five suc- 
 cessive terms in the 
 Boston C o m m o n 
 Council, 18S0 to 
 
 1884 inclusive, early 
 
 developing a talent and tact for leadership among the 
 minority of that body, where his indefatigable and dig- 
 nified efforts saved his party from overwhelming disas- 
 ter. From 1885 to 1888, inclusive, he was a member of 
 the Massachusetts House of Representatives, serving in 
 
 1885 as House chairman of the Committee on Cities, 
 and as member of the Committee on Rules of the 
 House; and in 1886 and 1S87 as House chairman of 
 the Committee on Railroads, and of the Joint Commit- 
 
 WILLIAM F. WHARTON 
 
 tee on Rules and chairman of the Committee on 
 House Rules; and in 1888 as chairman of the Judi- 
 ciary Committee and the Committee on House Rules, 
 and House chairman of the Committee on Joint 
 Rules. In 1883 he was appointed by the mayor of 
 Boston one of the commissioners to revise the ordi- 
 nances of the city. Before his appointment to his 
 present position he had made international law a special 
 study for many years, and had written a treatise on the 
 
 subject. He is also 
 the editor of the 
 second edition of 
 "Story on Partner- 
 ship." As assistant 
 secretary of state 
 Mr. Wharton has 
 had partial or entire 
 charge of many diffi- 
 cult negotiations, in- 
 volving the interest 
 and the good name 
 of the United States. 
 During the illness of 
 Secretary Blaine Mr. 
 VV' h a r t o n was for 
 several months the 
 acting head of the 
 Department of State, 
 and his handling of 
 the Chilian negotia- 
 tions, the Bering 
 Sea difficulties, the 
 Canadian fi s h e r i e s 
 (piestion and other 
 matters has placed 
 him in the front rsnk 
 of diplomats. Mr. 
 Wharton is a mem- 
 ber of the Somerset, 
 Union and other 
 leading clubs of Boston. Though he has always been 
 recognized as a thorough Republican he is regarded by 
 his political opponents as one whose manliness and 
 independence are sufficient to cause him to be governed 
 by his sense of right, irrespective of the demands of 
 party- These qualities have endeared him to a wide 
 circle of friends, both in New England and at \\'ashing- 
 ton. Mr. \\ harton was married to Miss Fanny Pickman, 
 of Boston, who died in 1880. 
 
170 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 AS medical practitioner and author, Henry O. Marcy, 
 A. M., M. D., LL. D., has won an international 
 reputation. He was born in Otis, Mass., June 23, 1837. 
 His ancestry dates back to the early settlers of Massa- 
 chusetts Bay, and they were prominent participants in 
 the development of the new country. Great-grand- 
 father and son fought side by side in the Revolution, 
 while Dr. Marcy's father, at the age of eighteen, was a 
 a soldier in the War of 1812. Dr. Marcy received his 
 preparatory and clas- 
 sical education a t 
 Wesleyan Academy 
 in Wilbraham, and at 
 Amherst College. 
 Graduating from the 
 medical department 
 of Hanard in 1S63, 
 he was at once com- 
 missioned as assis- 
 tant surgeon in the 
 Forty- third Massa- 
 chusetts Volunteers, 
 and served with 
 distinction until 
 the close of the 
 war, having been pro- 
 moted from surgeon 
 of brigade and divis- 
 ion to a medical di- 
 rectorship. Dr. 
 Marcy married Miss 
 Sarah E. Wendell, of 
 Great Falls, N. H., 
 and settled in Cam- 
 bridge. In 1869, 
 accompanied by his 
 wife, he went to Eu- 
 rope and entered the 
 University of Ik-rlin, 
 devoting himself 
 
 largely to the study of surgery, and in 1870 became the 
 first American pupil of Professor Lister, of Edinburgh. 
 Convinced of the correctness and value of the princi- 
 ples of the antiseptic methods of wound treatment, Dr. 
 Marcy became at once the ardent advocate of the then 
 revolutionary methods of surgical procedure. He es- 
 tablished a hospital, for the demonstration of the new 
 teaching, which is still successfully conducted. Since 
 1876 he has been an annual contributor of scientific 
 
 papers to the American Medical Association. At the 
 International Medical Congress in London in 1881, he 
 was invited to open the discussion, before the most dis- 
 tinguished body of surgeons ever assembled, in defence 
 of the principles of antiseptic surgery. In 1884 he pub- 
 lished a translation of the works of the late Professor 
 Ercolani, of Bologna. Dr. Marcy was one of the presi- 
 dents of the International Medical Congress, held in 
 Washington in 1887. He is a member, active or honor- 
 ary, of many of the 
 special medical so- 
 cieties in Europe and 
 America, and is an 
 officer and active 
 promoter of the Pan- 
 American Congress 
 which convenes i n 
 Washington in 1893. 
 In 1884 he was 
 president of the 
 American Academy 
 of Medicine, and in 
 1887 Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity conferred 
 upon him the degree 
 of LL.D. His best 
 known publications 
 are : " Plastic Splints 
 in Surgery" (1877) ; 
 "Aspiration of the 
 Knee Joint" (1879) ; 
 "Histological Studies 
 of the Development 
 of the Osseous Cal- 
 lous in Man and Ani- 
 mals" (1881) ; "Cure 
 of Hernia by the 
 Antiseptic Use of 
 the Animal Suture" 
 (1878); "Best 
 Methods of Operative Wound Treatment" (1882) ; 
 "Comparative Value of Germicides" (1880); "Rela- 
 tions of Micro-Organisms to Sanitary Science " (1883) ; 
 "Medical Legislation" (1885); "Surgical Advantages 
 of the Buried Animal Suture" (1888); "Histological 
 and Surgical Treatment of the Uterine Myoma" (1882). 
 His latest publication, issued in 1892, is a quarto volume 
 on the "Anatomy and Surgical Treatment of Hernia." 
 Dr. Marcy resides at No. 180 Commonwealth Avenue. 
 
 HENRY 0. MARCY. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 171 
 
 A LIFE story which will repay attention is that of 
 John Oscar Teele, son of Samuel and Ellen Chace 
 (Clough) Teele, born in Wilmot, N. H., July 18, 1839. 
 The family on his father's side is of Swiss origin, and on 
 his mother's side, English. Early in the seventeenth 
 century two brothers named Tell came from the Canton 
 of Berne, Switzerland, and settled in Massachusetts, 
 from the elder of whom Mr. Teele is descended. For 
 two or three generations the name Tell was retained, as 
 shown by records of 
 real estate transfers, 
 but for some reason 
 was changed to Teel. 
 Mr. Teele added the 
 final "e" in 1867, 
 simply as a matter of 
 taste, and that change 
 has since been 
 adopted by all per- 
 sons of that name in 
 Massachusetts so far 
 as known. He was 
 fitted for college at 
 the New Hampton 
 and New London 
 (N. H.) academies. 
 He voted for Presi- 
 dent Lincoln in 
 i860, and then went 
 immediately to New 
 Orleans to engage in 
 teaching for a while 
 before proceeding 
 with his college 
 course. While in 
 New Orleans he em- 
 ployed his spare time 
 in reading law in the 
 office of Judah P. 
 Benjamin. Staying 
 
 through the exciting times of the secession of States and 
 until his friends in the South could no longer protect 
 him from being drafted into the Confederate Army, he 
 left for the North in the summer of 1861, passing 
 through Tennessee and Kentucky on the last train which 
 was allowed to go through until the close of the war. 
 He entered the offices of the late Judge George W. 
 Nesmith and Pike & Barnard, Franklin, N. H., and was 
 admitted to the New Hampshire bar in 1862. In that 
 
 JOHN O. TEELE. 
 
 year he enlisted with a Dartmouth College company 
 which formed part of a Rhode Island squadron of cav- 
 alry. He was serving as clerk of a court martial at 
 Winchester, Va., when that place was abandoned in 
 September, 1862, the force retiring to Harper's Ferry. 
 He was one of the body of cavalry that escaped from 
 Harper's Ferry the night before the surrender to Gen- 
 eral Jackson, two days before the battle of Antietam. 
 He commenced the practice of law at Hillsboro Bridge, 
 
 N. H., in 1863, as a 
 partner of Hon. 
 James F. Briggs ; was 
 treasurer of Hillsboro 
 County for two or 
 three years, and re- 
 moved to Boston in 
 1867. In 1868 he 
 formed a partnership 
 with the late attor- 
 ney-general, Hon. 
 Charles R. Train, 
 which continued un- 
 til Mr. Train's death, 
 in 1885. His prac- 
 tice has been large 
 and successful, with 
 no specialty, except 
 perhaps in advising 
 towns and business 
 corporations. Mr. 
 Teele is a director 
 in the Winnisimmet 
 Company, the Atlas 
 Mutual Insurance 
 Company, the C. & 
 K. Company, of Bal- 
 lardvale, and other 
 corporations. He 
 was a member of the 
 lower House of the 
 Massachusetts Legislature in 1886 and 1887, serving on 
 the Judiciary Committee, and declining to run for a 
 third term. He was advanced two years for Dartmouth 
 College, but his college course was interrupted by the 
 war. He received his degree, however, from that col- 
 lege after the close of the war. He was married in 
 Febniary, 1868, to Mary Page Smith, daughter of the 
 late Lewis Smith, of Waltham. They have one child 
 living, a son now in Harvard College. 
 
172 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 BOSTON'S brilliant young sculptor, Henry Hudson 
 Kitson, has already cut for himself a niche in the 
 temple of fame. Not yet thirty years of age, he is an 
 artist of greatpromise. He was born near Huddersfield, 
 Yorkshire, England, April 9, 1864. He was one of a 
 large family, several of whom have since risen to distinc- 
 tion in the realm of literature, sculpture, or painting. 
 As a boy he attended evening classes at the Mechanics' 
 Institute at Huddersfield when but eight years old. 
 Before his twelfth 
 year he had taken 
 several prizes, among 
 them that given by 
 the Institute for 
 design. In 1877, 
 when just thirteen 
 years of age, young 
 Kitson came to 
 America and began 
 work with his brother 
 in New York on the 
 Astor memorial for 
 Trinity Church. It 
 was during these 
 years of practical 
 work in the cutting 
 of stone that the 
 young sculptor 
 gained the knowledge 
 and control of tools 
 that has since distin- 
 guished him. Dur- 
 ing this period young 
 Kitson did much 
 work in conjunction 
 with his brother on 
 the art decorations 
 of the principal pa- 
 latial residences of 
 New York. In 1882 
 
 Mr. Kitson entered the ficole des Beaux Arts and the 
 I"xole des Arts Decoratifs, at Paris. In the Salon of 
 1883, he exhibited his first bust from life, that of his 
 friend, Angelo Schiitze, musician and painter. The bust 
 of Amour, a sweet-faced child, was executed this year. 
 At the Beaux Arts he worked in the ateliers Dumont and 
 Bonnassieux, and at the Arts Decoratifs with Millet and 
 Gautier. About this time was commenced the " Music 
 of the Sea," which appeared in the Salon of 1884 and 
 
 drew forth universal admiration. This exquisite work 
 is at present in the collection of Mrs. David P. Kimball, 
 of Boston. "The Fisherman's Wife" and the "Singing 
 Girl," both admirable, were modelled at this time. 
 Returning to America, Mr. Kitson made a bust of John 
 McCuUough, the actor, from a death mask taken at Phila- 
 delphia. Later he modelled the beautiful and delicate 
 bas-relief of Easter, the portrait of Miss Ruggles (Salon,'88) 
 and the statue of the late Mayor Doyle, of Providence. 
 
 Mr. Kitson was com- 
 missioned by the 
 Roumanian Govern- 
 ment to execute a 
 portrait bust of 
 Queen Elizabeth 
 (Carmen Sylva), for 
 which he was deco- 
 rated Commander of 
 the Royal Order of 
 Bene Merenti, and 
 also received the 
 (Queen's medal. 
 From the American 
 Art Association and 
 from the Massachu- 
 setts Charitable 
 ' Mechanic Associa- 
 tion he has received 
 gold medals, and the 
 only medal awarded 
 for sculpture in the 
 American Section at 
 the Universal Expo- 
 sition in Paris, in 
 1889, was awarded 
 to him. He mod- 
 elled for the Drexels 
 of Philadelphia a life- 
 size figure of Christ 
 on the cross. He 
 has executed many other works of merit, his range 
 being very extensive. The most recent public works 
 which Mr. Kitson has completed are the statue of 
 Admiral Farragut, for the city of Boston, and the foun- 
 tain for the Dyer Memorial in Providence. Mr. Kitson 
 is a member of the Ethnographical Society and of the 
 Societe .'\mericaine de France. An artist by predilection, 
 his scope has been enlarged by study and travel, and 
 his method enriched by worthy association. 
 
 HENRY H. KITSON. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 173 
 
 CARROLL DAVIDSON WRIGHT, United States 
 commissioner of labor, and one of the foremost 
 statisticians of the country, was born in Dunbarton, 
 N. H., July 25, 1840. He was educated in New Hamp- 
 shire and Vermont, and began the study of law, but at 
 the beginning of the Civil War gave it up to enlist in 
 the Fourteenth New Hamiishire Regiment, of which he 
 became colonel in December, t864. He served as 
 acting assistant adjutant-general under General Sheri- 
 dan, resigning in 
 March, 1865, and in 
 October of the same 
 year was admitted to 
 the bar of New 
 Hampshire. Being 
 in ill health, Mr. 
 Wright decided upon 
 a change of resi- 
 dence, and moved to 
 Massachusetts. Dur- 
 ing 1871-72 he was 
 a member of the 
 Senate of this State, 
 at which time he se- 
 cured the passage of 
 a bill to provide for 
 the establishment of 
 workingmen's trains 
 to Boston from the 
 suburban districts. 
 From 1873 to 1888 
 Mr. ^^'right was chief 
 of the State Bureau 
 of Statistics of La- 
 bor, and in 1880 was 
 appointed supervisor 
 of the United States 
 census in Massachu- 
 setts ; he was also 
 special agent of the 
 
 census on the factory system. The Bureau of Labor in 
 the Interior Department at Washington was created in 
 June, 1884, and in January, 1885, Mr. Wright was made 
 the first commissioner, which position he now holds. 
 The governor of Massachusetts, in 1885, gave him a 
 commission to investigate the records of the towns, 
 parishes, counties and courts of the State, and the work 
 was carried on energetically and with good results. 
 Colonel Wright was a Republican presidential elector in 
 
 CARROLL D. WRIGHT 
 
 1876, and has had charge of the decennial census in the 
 State of Massachusetts in 1875 and 1885. During 1879 
 he was lecturer on phases of the labor question, eth- 
 ically considered, at the Lowell Institute in Boston, and 
 in 1 88 1 was university lecturer at Harvard, on the fac- 
 tory system. Mr. Wright has also been recording sec- 
 retary of the American Social Science Association, and 
 is a member of a number of scientific societies. In 
 1883 he received the degree of A. M. from Tufts 
 
 College. Colonel 
 Wright has published 
 a number of books 
 of great value, deal- 
 ing chiefly with labor 
 problems, in which 
 he is deeply inter- 
 ested. H i s works 
 include : "Annual 
 Reports of the Mas- 
 sachusetts Bureau of 
 Statistics of Labor " 
 (fi f t e e n volumes, 
 Boston, 1873-88) ; 
 " Census of Massa- 
 chusetts " (three vol- 
 um es, 1876-77) ; 
 "The Statistics of 
 w ■^^,^, Boston" (1882); 
 
 \ fli "'^^^ Factory Sys- 
 
 m^. ^^H^IP t£™ of the Ll^nited 
 
 ■ H^^^ States" (Washing- 
 
 "^ ton, 1882); "The 
 
 ' Census of Massachu- 
 
 setts " (four vol- 
 umes, Boston, 1887- 
 88) ; "Reports of 
 United States Com- 
 missioner of Labor," 
 including "Indus- 
 trial Depressions " 
 (Boston, 1882); " The Factory System as an Element 
 in Civilization" (1S82) ; "Scientific Basis of Tariff 
 Legislation" (1884); "The Present Actual Condition 
 of the Workingman" (1887) ; "The Study of Statistics 
 in Colleges" (1887); "Problems of the Census" 
 (1887); "Hand Labor in Prisons" (1887); "Histor- 
 ical Sketch of the Knights of Labor" (1887); "The 
 Growth and Purposes of Bureaus of Statistics of 
 Labor" (1888). 
 
174 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 " *■ I ■'HE Nestor of Massachusetts Democracy," as 
 1 General Patrick A. Collins once styled him, is 
 Charles Levi Woodbury. In his seventy-second year, 
 he is still as ■ alert and vigorous as if he were only 
 twenty-five, and as close an observer, and as shrewd a 
 student of politics as when he did his first active cam- 
 paign work for James K. Polk in 1S44, and later for 
 Franklin Pierce in 1852. Descended from John Wood- 
 bury, one of the early pioneers who settled on Cape 
 Ann in 1624, Charles 
 Levi Woodbury was 
 born in Portsmouth, 
 Rockingham County, 
 N. H., May 22, 1820. 
 When he was eleven 
 years of age he re- 
 moved to Washing- 
 ton with his father's 
 family, and received 
 his early education 
 in the capital city of 
 the nation. .\ f t e r 
 his admission to 
 the bar in the Dis- 
 t r i c t of Columbia, 
 Mr. Woodbury prac- 
 t i s e d in Alabama, 
 and some time later 
 came to Boston, 
 where he has been 
 in active practice 
 ever since. His 
 chief practice has 
 been in the Circuit 
 Courts of the United 
 States, and in the 
 Supreme Court at 
 Washington, while 
 throughout the entire 
 country he is recog- 
 nized as one of the ablest expounders of constitutional 
 as well as of international law now living. In 1853 Mr. 
 Woodbury declined the mission to Bolivia, which was 
 tendered to him by President Franklin Pierce. He 
 was elected as a representative to the State Legislature 
 of New Hampshire in 1857. In the same year he was 
 appointed United States district attorney for Massachu- 
 setts. Mr. Woodbury was elected to the Massachusetts 
 Legislature in 1870 and 1871. He has never aspired 
 
 CHARLES LEVI WOODBURY. 
 
 to political office, although, in addition to his lifelong 
 devotion to the principles of Thomas Jefferson and 
 Andrew Jackson, with the latter of whom he was per- 
 sonally acquainted, he has often held important posi- 
 tions in Democratic organizations, and has been a 
 frequent speaker in defence of the principles of the 
 Democratic party in presidential campaigns. He is a 
 member of the New England Historic Genealogical 
 Society, and an honorary member of the historical 
 
 societies of Maine 
 and New Hamp- 
 shire. Mr. Wood- 
 bury has held high 
 offices in the York 
 and Scottish rites of 
 the Masonic organi- 
 zation, and is now 
 second officer of the 
 Supreme Council of 
 the latter body, as 
 well as a member of 
 the Board of Trus- 
 tees of the Grand 
 Lodge of Massachu- 
 setts. Mr. Wood- 
 bury has also done 
 considerable legal 
 literary work, being 
 one of the compilers 
 of three volumes of 
 "Woodbury and 
 Minot's Reports," 
 and editor of the 
 second and third 
 volumes of "Levi 
 \Voodbury's W r i t - 
 ings." On the ques- 
 tion of the fisheries, 
 which has led to so 
 much discussion be- 
 tween this country and Canada, Mr. Woodbury is one of 
 the foremost authorities in the LInited States, and he has 
 published several volumes dealing with this and other 
 questions involving our diplomatic relations with Great 
 Britain. He is also an authority on antiquarian, masonic, 
 political and historical subjects, on which he has from 
 time to time delivered numerous speeches and orations. 
 In Boston, as well as in Washington, Mr. Woodbury has 
 long been a conspicuous and familiar figure. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 175 
 
 WHEN Governor Russell, in May, 1892, appointed 
 John ^Villiam Corcoran as associate justice of 
 the Superior Court, the Democracy of Massachusetts 
 lost one of its most influential workers, but the bench 
 gained a useful and honored member. Judge Corcoran 
 has probably led more forlorn hopes than any other 
 man in Massachusetts politics, having been a candidate 
 for State senator once, for district attorney of Worcester 
 County twice, for attorney-general twice, and for lieu- 
 tenant-governor four 
 times. His promi- 
 nence as a candidate 
 on the Democratic 
 State ticket involved 
 an immense amount 
 of campaign service, 
 and has made his 
 name as familiar 
 throughout New Eng- 
 land as those of Rus- 
 sell, Collins, Prince 
 or Matthews. He 
 never became so fas- 
 cinated with politics, 
 however, as to let it 
 impede his progress 
 in the legal profes- 
 sion, in which, by 
 close attention to 
 work, he attained 
 high rank. Gifted 
 with versatile talents, 
 the practical side of 
 his character has won 
 for him the large 
 measure of respect 
 that is felt by all 
 who have been 
 brought into either 
 business or political 
 
 association with him. He was born, June 14, 1853, at 
 Batavia, N. Y., whither his parents had gone from Clin- 
 ton, Mass. His family returning to Clinton, he attended 
 the public schools in that town, afterwards taking a 
 preparatory course at Holy Cross College, Worcester, 
 then continuing his studies at St. John's, Fordham, in 
 New York, and graduating from the Boston University 
 Law School in 1875. Having been admitted to the bar, 
 he opened an office in Clinton, and later formed a ]iart- 
 
 JOHN W. CORCORAN 
 
 nership with Herbert Parker. Since 1889 he has had 
 an ofifice in Boston. Mr. Corcoran was appointed in 
 January, 1886, receiver of the Lancaster National Bank, 
 whose president had absconded, leaving the bank bur- 
 dened with worthless paper, and its vaults rifled of the 
 most valuable securities. In the following July Mr. 
 Corcoran declared a dividend of fifty per cent, and 
 dividends periodically thereafter until the creditors 
 received one hundred and nine per c ent, in full of their 
 
 claims, including in- 
 terest, for all of which 
 he was the recipient 
 of special mention by 
 the comptroller of 
 the currency. His 
 fellow-citizens in 
 Clinton have made 
 him school commit- 
 teeman, town solic- 
 itor, secretary and 
 treasurer of the Water 
 Board, and president 
 of the Board of Trade. 
 He was a member of 
 the Democratic State 
 Committee from 
 
 1883 until his resig- 
 nation in 1892, and 
 its chairman two 
 years ; delegate to 
 the National Demo- 
 cratic conventions of 
 
 1884 and 1 888, be- 
 ing chairman of the 
 Massachusetts dele- 
 gation in the latter 
 year; judge-advo- 
 cate general on Gov- 
 ernor Russell's staff, 
 and ^chairman of the 
 
 Massachusetts Board of ^Lanagers of the World's Colum- 
 bian Exposition, resigning on his appointment to the 
 bench. As candidate for lieutenant-governor in 1888, 
 1889, 1890 and 1 89 1, he ran ahead of all the other Dem- 
 ocratic candidates except the head of the ticket in the 
 three years last named. He was married in 18S1 to 
 Margaret J., daughter of Patrick and Mary McDonald, 
 of Boston. They have two daughters and one son. 
 Judge Corcoran resides in Clinton. 
 
176 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 NO State in the Union has more effective laws to 
 prevent the adulteration of foods than has Mas- 
 sachusetts. A good share of this legislation owes its 
 origin to Professor James Francis Babcock, a chemist 
 of national reputation, and also known as the inventor 
 of the Babcock Fire Extinguisher. In an eminent de- 
 gree he combines scientific attainments with practical 
 ability, and has been successful as an original investi- 
 gator and as a man of business. He was born in Boston, 
 Feb. 23, 1844, the 
 son of Archibald D. 
 and Fanny F. (Rich- 
 ards) Babcock. 
 Graduating from the 
 Quincy Gram m a r 
 School in 1857 and 
 from the English 
 High School in i860, 
 h e matriculated a t 
 Harvard, where, in 
 the Lawrence S c i - 
 entific School, under 
 Professor E. N. Hors- 
 ford, he took up the 
 special study of 
 chemistry. Complet- 
 ing the course, h e 
 began the practice 
 of chemistry in Bos- 
 ton, where he has 
 since lived. As a 
 chemical expert he 
 soon acquired a rep- 
 u tati on which has 
 steadily grown with 
 the years. The di- 
 rectors of the Mas- 
 sachusetts College of 
 Pharmacy called him 
 to the chair of chem- 
 istry in that institution in 1869. He held this position 
 until 1874, when he resigned to accept the professorship 
 of chemistry in Boston University, and remained there 
 until 1880. As an instructor, Professor Babcock had 
 the faculty of inspiring those who came under his 
 guidance with his own enthusiasm for science, and his 
 treatment of obscure problems in the laboratory is said 
 to have been remarkably lucid. In 1875 Governor 
 Gaston appointed him State Assayer and Inspector of 
 
 JAMES F. BABCOCK 
 
 Liquors, and he continued in this office through every 
 administration until 1885, having been re-appointed by 
 Governors Rice, Talbot, Long, Butler and Robinson. 
 Among the services which Professor Babcock rendered 
 to the Commonwealth during his long tenure of office 
 as State assayer, is to be noted his successful advocacy 
 of legislation defining the term " intoxicating liquor," 
 and setting the three per cent, limit (subsequently re- 
 duced to one per cent.), which was incorporated into the 
 
 Statutes of 1880. In 
 1885 Mayor O'Brien 
 appointed Professor 
 Babcock inspector of 
 milk for the city of 
 Boston. He held 
 this office four years, 
 and greatly increased 
 its efficiency by im- 
 proving the methods 
 of carrying out the 
 details of the work 
 of the office. Pro- 
 fessor Babcock suc- 
 ceeded in almost 
 wholly suppressing 
 the use of arnotto and 
 other coloring mat- 
 ter in milk, which 
 had previously been 
 universal among the 
 dealers. This diffi- 
 cult task Professor 
 Babcock accom- 
 plished by the dis- 
 covery and applica- 
 tion of new methods 
 for the detection of 
 coloring matters in 
 milk. These meth- 
 ods have since been 
 adopted by milk analysts in many other cities. As a 
 chemical expert Professor Babcock has frequently been 
 called upon to testify in important court cases in this 
 and other States, and his opinions are accepted as final 
 in matters connected with his profession. He is also 
 well known as a lyceum lecturer on scientific subjects, 
 which he treats in a popular style and with great 
 clearness. In 1865 he married Mary Porter Crosby, of 
 Boston. They have three children. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 17; 
 
 ANDREW JACKSON BAILEY, city solicitor, has 
 charge of Boston's interests in the courts. As 
 attorney and as legislator he had given ample proof that 
 they would be safe in his keeping, and he has fully 
 justified the predictions that were made at the time of 
 his election in 188 1. Mr. Bailey was born in Charles- 
 town, Mass., July 18, 1840, the son of Barker and Alice 
 (Ayers) Bailey. He was educated at the public schools 
 and at Harvard, being a member of the class of 1863. 
 He enlisted in 1861 
 in the Charlestown 
 City Guards, Com- 
 pany K, Fifth Regi- 
 ment, and was in the 
 first battle of Bull 
 Run. In 1864 he 
 again enlisted, and 
 was commissioned 
 lieutenant in Com- 
 l)any H, Fifth Regi- 
 ment. At the close 
 of the war, Mr. 
 Bailey began the 
 study of law, and in 
 1866 was elected 
 clerk of the police 
 court in Charles- 
 town, holding that 
 office until 187 1. He 
 was admitted to the 
 bar in 1867. A ser- 
 vice of four te rms 
 in the General Court 
 gave him a wide ex- 
 perience in legisla- 
 tive matters, and he 
 made a most credit- 
 able record in the 
 House as chairman 
 of the Committee on 
 
 Mercantile Affairs, and of the Committee on Elections. 
 In the Senate he served on the Committee on the 
 Hoosac Tunnel Railroad, and was instrumental in the 
 legislation which resulted in the State's parting with 
 the tunnel. In the Senate, as chairman of the Commit- 
 tee on Labor Matters, he secured the passage of the first 
 bill regulating the employment of women and children 
 in manufacturing establishments. Mr. Bailey was a 
 member of the Common Council of Charlestown in 1868 
 
 ANDREW J. BAILEY, 
 
 and 1869, and of the School Committee from 1869 to 
 1872, and was president of the Council in 1869. He 
 was a member of the Common Council of Boston in 
 1880 and 1 88 1, and was president of that body in the 
 latter year. He resigned in November, and was sub- 
 sequently elected city solicitor, which office he has 
 since held continuously by election or appointment. 
 Mr. Bailey has always taken an active interest in the 
 welfare of the veterans, was one of the promoters of the 
 
 Soldiers' Home i n 
 Massachusetts, and 
 has been on the Board 
 of Trustees since its 
 incorporation. He is 
 a member of Post 
 II, G. A. R., and 
 was for two years 
 judge-advocate of 
 the Department of 
 Massachusetts. Mr. 
 Bailey is one of the 
 charter members of 
 Faith Lodge of Free 
 Masons, and a mem- 
 ber of Hugh de 
 Payen Commandery. 
 He is a member of 
 the Massachusetts 
 Commandery of the 
 Loyal Legion, and of 
 the Bunker Hill 
 Monument Associa- 
 tion. In 1869 Mr. 
 Bailey was married 
 to Miss Abby V. 
 Getchell, of Charles- 
 town. As city solici- 
 tor Mr. Bailey has 
 been singularly fortu- 
 nate in his trial of 
 causes for the municipality, and not the slightest criti- 
 cism has ever been passed upon his management of the 
 city's interests entrusted to his care. That he enjoys 
 the impHcit confidence of all his fellow-citizens, irre- 
 spective of party, and is well liked in social as well as in 
 legal circles, shows better than anything else the fine 
 qualities of the man. Mr. Bailey is regarded as a man 
 of sound judgment, whose opinion is sure to be the result 
 of careful consideration. 
 
178 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE youngest of the leading New England financiers 
 is Dwight Braman. He is the eldest surviving 
 son of the late Colonel Jarvis Dwight Braman, and was 
 born in Boston, March 6, 1861. He comes from a 
 family which for six generations has been noted for its 
 public spirit. Impatient to enter the financial world, 
 Mr. Braman declined to go to college with most of his 
 associates, but went into business instead. He was the 
 youngest member ever elected to the Boston Stock 
 Exchange. One of 
 his first, as well as 
 one of his greatest, 
 financial undertak- 
 ings, which had pre- 
 viously caused the 
 collapse of other 
 financiers, was the 
 absorption, single- 
 handed, of the East- 
 ern Railroad. The 
 stock was practically 
 worthless as a divi- 
 dend-paying invest- 
 ment, but by for- 
 mulating p 1 a n s to 
 remove the obstacles 
 and appealing to the 
 Supreme Court of 
 Massachusetts on one 
 of the finest points 
 of law ever made, 
 Mr. Braman won the 
 case, the debt of the 
 road was reduced 
 from sixteen to ten 
 million dollars, and 
 the stock was made a 
 dividend-paying one. 
 And this when Mr. 
 Braman was only 
 
 twenty-five years of age. He next planned the consoli- 
 dation of the Eastern with the Boston & Maine, and in 
 this made several millions for himself and his associates. 
 This consolidation was effected after the necessary 
 legislation in various States had been secured. Mr. 
 Braman's next great plan was the uniting of all the 
 street railway lines in Boston under one management, 
 which was successfully accomplished. He next opened 
 negotiations for the control and i)urchase of the Pough- 
 
 DWIGHT BRAMAN 
 
 keepsie Bridge and the connecting roads into New 
 York, New Jersey and Connecticut, which he regarded 
 as of vital importance to Boston interests. Mr. Braman 
 got control of the bridge, but owing to the sudden 
 death of the manager of the Boston & Maine, it was 
 turned over to the Reading, which made possible the 
 formation of the famous coal combination. Mr. Braman 
 then set to work to get the Reading interested in the 
 Boston &: Maine, so that the two combinations could be 
 
 operated together in 
 harmony under one 
 management, the 
 Reading controlling 
 the coal fields and 
 the Boston & Maine 
 supplying the mar- 
 ket. This great con- 
 solidation of interests 
 was finally effected, 
 bringing under one 
 head nine thousand 
 miles of track and 
 one hundred and 
 twenty thousand em- 
 ployees. Mr. Bra- 
 man is president of 
 the San Diego Land 
 and Town Company 
 and of the National 
 City & Otay Railroad 
 Company, and trus- 
 tee or director in 
 many large corpora- 
 tions. His ambition 
 has always been to 
 see Boston have a 
 great through trunk- 
 line of its own, inde- 
 pendent of rival in- 
 terests, and this has 
 now, in great measure through his efforts, been accom- 
 plished. He is fond of athletics and is an accomplished 
 horseman and yachtsman. He is also a patron of 
 music and art. Mr. Braman is unmarried. His vast 
 financial interests, his deeds of service to others, includ- 
 ing the gift of a library, the endowment of a hospital 
 for consumptives and numerous other useful acts of 
 charity and benevolence quietly administered, have kept 
 him fully occupied. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 179 
 
 ORGANIZED effort, directed by a liberal and far- 
 seeing public spirit, has always characterized the 
 leading business men of Boston, and has accomplished 
 much for the general good. In no city of the country 
 is there to be found a more efficient and influential 
 body of business men than the Boston Merchants' 
 Association. It has been more prominently identified 
 than any other organization with the work of securing 
 national legislation in the interests of trade, its influence 
 having been most po- 
 tent at Washington 
 in behalf of a na- 
 tional bankruptcy 
 law and many other 
 measures. Upon the 
 shoulders of Beverly 
 K. Moore, secretary 
 of the Boston Mer- 
 chants' Association, 
 has fallen no small 
 share of the burden 
 and responsibility of 
 bringing these 
 weighty matters to a 
 successful issue. By 
 natural ability, and 
 by a varied experi- 
 ence in legal, finan- 
 cial and commercial 
 affairs, he has 
 been handsomely 
 equipped for his du- 
 ties. Mr. Moore has 
 probably had more 
 experience in Wash- 
 ington than any other 
 New Englander who 
 is not a legislator. 
 He was born in Bid- 
 deford. Me., Nov. 25, 
 
 1847, the son of Jeremiah and Juliet Kendal Moore. 
 Coming to Massachusetts in early life, he read law in Bos- 
 ton in 1869 and 1870, and then for several years travelled 
 throughout the West and South in the interest of a 
 leading mercantile agency of New York. In 1876 he 
 returned to Boston, where he established a branch of 
 the agency and remained in charge of it about two 
 years. The two following years he was superintendent 
 of the Louisville (Ky.) branch of Bradstreet's Agency. 
 
 BEVERLY K. MOORE 
 
 Returning again to Boston, in 1 881, he opened a law and 
 collection business, which has ever since been remark- 
 ably prosperous, growing to such proportions that it was 
 found necessary to incorporate it. This was done in 
 1889, under the name of the Mercantile Law Company, 
 with Mr. Moore as its president. The company has 
 entire charge of the collection department of the Bos- 
 ton Merchants' Association, and has associate offices in 
 all the large cities. The collection department of the 
 
 Merchants' Associa- 
 tion was established 
 by Mr. Moore in 
 1883. In commer- 
 cial circles through- 
 out the country Mr. 
 Moore is widely 
 known. At the an- 
 nual meeting of the 
 Associated Law and 
 Collection Offices, in 
 June, i8gi, he was 
 chosen president of 
 the organization. He 
 has also been treas- 
 urer of the Home 
 Market Club for a 
 number of years, and 
 has contributed 
 much, in connection 
 with Colonel Clarke, 
 toward the effective- 
 ness of that organi- 
 zation. Mr. Moore's 
 manifold duties, as 
 secretary of the Bos- 
 ton Merchants' "As- 
 sociation (an office 
 which he has held 
 since 1883), as treas- 
 urer of the Home 
 Market Club, and as president of the Mercantile Law 
 Company, are sufficient to tax the energies of ten ordi- 
 nary men. But in addition to these he has important 
 private business interests. He finds at his beautiful 
 home in Newtonville — the Governor Claflin estate — 
 his only rest and relaxation from business cares. Mr. 
 Moore was married in 1876 to Miss Annie T. Hooper, 
 daughter of Colonel E. H. C. Hooper, of Biddeford, Me. 
 They have five children. 
 
i8o 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE fortune of George Fordyce Blake, the head of 
 that great enterprise, the George F. Blake Manu- 
 facturing Company, was founded on his invention of a 
 steam pump, many years ago. He was born in Farm- 
 ington, Me., on May 20, 1819, being the son of Thomas 
 Dawes Blake. Mr. Blake is descended from a famous 
 New England family, one of his ancestors being William 
 Blake, who came to this country in 1630 from Little 
 Baddow, Essex, England, to settle in Dorchester. 
 When the War of 
 the Revolution 
 broke out. Increase 
 Blake, grandfather of 
 George F., was liv- 
 ing in Boston, where 
 he was engaged in 
 the manufacture of 
 tin-plate goods. He 
 refused to supply the 
 British troo]>s with 
 canteens, and in 
 retaliation they de- 
 stroyed his shop and 
 other property. 
 Thomas Dawes Blake 
 was born in Boston, 
 studied medicine, 
 and after a time set- 
 tled in Farmington, 
 Me. George F., at 
 the age of fourteen, 
 was apprenticed to 
 the trade of house- 
 build i n g , and in 
 1839 left Farm- 
 ington and went to 
 Peabody, Mass., 
 where he worked at 
 his trade seven years. 
 Then he entered the 
 
 employ of Peter Hubbell, at Cambridge, Mass., as mechan- 
 ical engineer at Mr. Hubbell's brick-yards, where he had 
 general charge of the works. In 1862 he was granted 
 a patent for a water meter. In time, the brick-yards 
 having been removed to Medford, it was found that 
 the clay there could not be worked with the ordinary 
 machinery. Mr. Blake, therefore, planned and con- 
 structed a new machine for pulverizing the clay, and 
 patented this invention in 1861. The clay pits con- 
 
 GEORGE F. BLAKE 
 
 stantly filled with water, and Mr. Blake set to work to 
 overcome this difficulty. The result was the Blake 
 steam pump, which is perhaps his greatest mechanical 
 triumph. The pump was put to severe tests in the clay 
 pits to keep them free of water, and the new invention 
 was found to be a nearly perfect thing. In 1864 Mr. 
 Blake, in association with Job A. Turner and Peter 
 Hubbell, began the manufacture and sale of these pumps 
 and water meters in a little shop on Province Street, 
 
 Boston. Growing 
 business caused sev- 
 eral successive 
 removals, until, i n 
 1873, the firm occu- 
 pied a large build- 
 ing at the corner of 
 Causeway and 
 Friend streets. The 
 foundry for large 
 castings was at East 
 Cambridge. In 1874 
 a joint stock com- 
 pany was formed, 
 tinder the title of 
 "The George F. 
 Blake Manufactur- 
 ing Company," with 
 George F. Blake as 
 its president. In 
 1879 ^he plant of 
 the Knowles Steam- 
 \i\\\\\\i Works at War- 
 ren, Mass., was pur- 
 chased, and in 1890 
 the Blake Company 
 removed its manu- 
 factory to East Cam- 
 bridge, where it now 
 occupies works 
 covering four acres, 
 and with a main building four hundred feet long and 
 one hundred feet wide. The business was recently 
 purchased by an English syndicate, but Mr. Blake still 
 retains an interest in it. The company has built some 
 of the most notable steam pumps in use, some having a 
 capacity of twenty million gallons of water in twenty- 
 four hours. Mr. Blake possesses, in a high degree, the 
 rare combination of inventive talents and great business 
 ability. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 iSl 
 
 ^ )^|^*^^' 
 
 AMONG the manufacturers of New England none 
 stand higher in the estimation of their fellows 
 than John Hopewell, Jr., who was born in Greenfield, 
 Mass., in F"ebruary, 1844. When he was one year old 
 his parents moved to Shelburne Falls, where he lived 
 until 1 86 1. He attended school until he was fourteen ; 
 he then went with Lanison, Goodnow & Co., and learned 
 the cutlery trade. During a part of this time he at- 
 tended night school at the academy. He then studied at 
 a private school until 
 he went to Spring- 
 field to live, where 
 
 he procured employ- 
 ment with the Wason 
 Manufacturing Com- 
 pany. During the 
 war young Hopewell 
 worked in the United 
 States Armory, and 
 at the close of the 
 Rebellion he was dis- 
 charged, owing t o 
 an order from Wash- 
 ington to get rid of 
 all the single men. 
 During this time he 
 thoroughly mastered 
 book-keeping, a n d 
 procured a position 
 as accountant, but 
 his active tempera- 
 ment made the work 
 distasteful to him. 
 He next engaged in 
 the publishing busi- 
 ness in Albany. As 
 a new venture he 
 sold L. C. Chase & 
 Co.'s robes and 
 blankets for Josiah 
 
 Cumraings, of Springfield. During this time he made 
 arrangements to handle Chase's goods on the road, and 
 then came to Boston as their representative. He thus 
 came in close contact with the Chases, L. C. and 
 H. F., who were at the head of their business in this 
 country. They, in comjiany with Thomas Goodall, had 
 just formed a partnership in the erection of the Sanford 
 Mills. The business grew rapidly from the time Mr. 
 Hopewell connected himself with the concern, and in a 
 
 JOHN HOPEWELL, JR. 
 
 short time he succeeded the Chases, between whom 
 and himself the most pleasant friendship has continued 
 to exist. Mr. Hopewell is an ardent jirotectionist, and 
 he believes that the permanent good of the country 
 depends upon the protective principle. He has been a 
 director, and one of the most active members, of the 
 Home Market Club since its organization, and on more 
 than one occasion has given public utterance to his 
 \iews in an able manner In 1891 Mr. Hopewell was 
 
 elected to the Mas- 
 sachusetts Legisla- 
 ture, but owing to 
 ill health he was un- 
 able to attend its 
 sessions, or take an 
 active part in its de- 
 liberations. Re- 
 garded as one of the 
 foremost business 
 men and financiers 
 of the East, it is not 
 surprising that h i s 
 support is usually 
 sought in behalf of 
 imjjortant commer- 
 cial ventures. Direc- 
 torships innumerable 
 have been tendered 
 him, but his firm's 
 interests have pre- 
 vented his accept- 
 ance thereof, and 
 l:)eyond a seat at the 
 board of one impor- 
 tant bank, and sev- 
 eral other organiza- 
 tions, he has hitherto 
 declined all such 
 offers. Three years 
 ago Mr. Hopewell 
 became interested in Southern enterprises, and became 
 vice-president, and on the death of General Fiske was 
 elected president, of the company that created Harri- 
 man, the new city of Tennessee. The latter office, 
 which has since been assumed by Ex-Postmaster 
 Thomas L. James, of New York, he declined. Mr. 
 Hopewell is a member of the Cambridge, Colonial and 
 L^nion clubs of Cambridge, and of the Art Club of 
 Boston. 
 
l82 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE history of the Old Colony Railroad forms an 
 integral part of the history of Massachusetts, not 
 only of to-day, but of the past, and the career of its 
 president, Mr. C. F. Choate, is of interest to all who are 
 i nterested in the welfare of the State. That he came to 
 his present position well equipped for the duties of the 
 oiifice is evidenced by the giant strides that the company 
 has made, showing an enterprise well and wisely 
 directed which has made itself felt all over the countrv. 
 Charles Francis 
 Choate, son of Dr. 
 George and Marga- 
 ret (Hodges) Choate, 
 was born in Salem, 
 Essex County, May 
 i6, 1828. He is a 
 lineal descendant of 
 J o h n C h o a t e, t h e 
 common ancestor of 
 this distinguished 
 family in Massachu- 
 setts. John Choate 
 came from the west 
 of England to the 
 colonies about 1641, 
 and settled at Che- 
 bacco, now Essex. 
 The early education 
 of Mr. Choate was 
 received in the pub- 
 lic schools of Salem, 
 ending in the Salem 
 Latin School, where 
 he prepared for col- 
 lege. He was grad- 
 uated from Harvard 
 in the class of 1849. 
 He then became a 
 tutor in mathematics, 
 and while discharg- 
 ing the duties appertaining to his position also attended 
 the law and scientific schools of the university. He 
 was admitted to the Suffolk County bar in September, 
 1855, and at once opened a law ofifice in Boston. His 
 legal practice was largely devoted to railroad interests, 
 including those of the Old Colony Railroad Company, 
 of which he was counsel. The knowledge and experi- 
 ence thus gained in twenty-two years of professional life 
 eminently qualified him for the position he now holds. 
 
 C. F. CHOATE. 
 
 Mr. Choate's ]irimary association with the Old Colony 
 Railroad was in the capacity of counsellor to the corpo- 
 ration, having been employed as such since 1865. In 
 1872 he was elected to membership in the board of 
 directors, and in 1877 was chosen the ]jresident of the 
 company by a unanimous vote. Since that time he 
 has been honored with consecutive annual re-elections. 
 Since his administration began, the record of the road 
 has been one of continuous and remarkable prosperity 
 
 and growth. Simul- 
 taneously with his 
 election to the pres- 
 idency of the Old 
 Colony Railroad 
 Company he was 
 elected to the pres- 
 idency of the Old 
 Colony Steam- 
 boat Company. Mr. 
 Choate has been a 
 director and vice- 
 president of the New 
 England Trust Com- 
 pany for several 
 years, and is vice- 
 president of the Mas- 
 sachusetts Hospital 
 Life Insurance Coni- 
 ])any ; InU witli these 
 exceptions he has de- 
 clined to accept any 
 office in addition to 
 those in which he 
 has won so much dis- 
 tinction, and the du- 
 ties and responsibil- 
 ities of which are 
 sufficiently exacting 
 for the abilities of 
 any one adminis- 
 trator. Mr. Choate was married in Utica, N. Y., Nov 
 7, 1855, to Elizabeth W., daughter of Edward and 
 Hannah (Thompson) Carlile, of Providence, R. I. Of 
 this union were five children : Edward C, Sarah C. 
 (wife of J. Montgomery Sears), Margaret M. (wife 
 of Nathaniel I. Bowditch), Helen, and Charles F. 
 Choate, Jr. The last-named is a successful lawyer in 
 Boston. Mr. Choate lives on Beacon Street, and his 
 countrv residence is in Southboro. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 18^ 
 
 T( ) the great majority of lawyers success at the bar 
 comes only after many years of struggle. To W. 
 E. L. Dillaway, however, it came before he had even 
 been admitted to the bar. At the age of nineteen, 
 while studying in the office of A. A. Ranney and Nathan 
 Morse, he argued his first brief before the full bench of 
 the Massachusetts Su])reme Court, and won his case. 
 That success was followed by an almost unbroken line 
 of legal victories, quite unprecedented in a young man, 
 until, at the age of 
 thirty-six, Mr. Dilla- 
 way retired from 
 practice to devote 
 his entire time to his 
 vast financial inter- 
 ests. Born in Bos- 
 ton, Feb. 17, 1852, 
 Mr. Dillaway is a 
 descendant of one of 
 the oldest Boston 
 families. He was 
 educated in the pub- 
 lic schools, and after 
 graduating at the 
 English High School 
 he took a special 
 course at Harvard, 
 graduating from the 
 law department i n 
 the class of i 8 7 i 
 when but eighteen 
 years old. Two 
 years of study in the 
 office of Ranney & 
 Morse followed, and 
 in 1873, before he 
 had attained his ma- 
 jority, Mr. Dillaway 
 was admitted to the 
 bar. He had al- 
 ready had an extensive experience as a jury lawyer, his 
 persuasive eloquence and his ready wit, combined with 
 his legal acumen, making him unusually successful in 
 jury cases. After remaining with Messrs. Ranney & 
 Morse for a time, Mr. Dillaway engaged in general 
 practice. From the very beginning of his legal career, 
 Mr. Dillaway had the largest and most lucrative practice 
 enjoyed ^by any young man at the bar in Boston. Be- 
 sides being the attorney for many banks and corpora- 
 
 W. E. L. DILLAWAY 
 
 tions, he was prominently identified as counsel in the 
 Smith will case, in the patent litigation of the National 
 Pump Association, in the failure of the famous Pacific 
 National Bank, and in numerous other important cases. 
 He was also counsel for the West End Street Railway 
 Company, having entire charge of its legislative matters, 
 upon which all its subsequent success was founded. 
 Mr. Dillaway was sole counsel for the Bay State Gas 
 Company, in all its controversies for admission to the 
 
 right t o d o busi- 
 ness in Massachu- 
 setts, and in the 
 course of that litiga- 
 tion was opposed at 
 one time or another 
 by all the leading 
 lawyers of the State. 
 In every case he was 
 successful. He had 
 charge of the nego- 
 tiations, oftentimes 
 delicate and compli- 
 cated, which brought 
 about the consolida- 
 tion of the gas com- 
 panies in Boston, and 
 is a director in all of 
 them, as well as being 
 the heaviest owner 
 of gas stock in Bos- 
 ^ ton. In 1888 Mr. 
 
 % Dillaway retired from 
 
 the practice of law, 
 having found that his 
 ])rivate business and 
 that of the corpora- 
 tions with which he 
 is connected called 
 for his entire atten- 
 tion. He owns a 
 controlling interest in the stock of the Mechanics Na- 
 tional Bank, of which his brother, Mr. C. O. L. Dilla- 
 way, is the president. He is one of the heaviest 
 real estate owners and taxpayers in Boston, and has 
 large interests in the West. In 1888 Mr. Dillaway 
 was selected to deliver the Fourth of July oration for 
 the city of Boston. He is an enthusiastic collector of 
 rare books, bronzes, etchings and prints. Mr. Dillaway 
 was married in 1874 to Miss Gertrude St. Clair Eaton, 
 
1 84 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ONE of the prominent men in the journalistic circles 
 of Boston at the present time is Colonel Edwin 
 Hutton Woods, to whose original business methods and 
 inventive genius the Boston Heralil is largely indebted 
 for its commanding position. Mr. Woods was born in 
 Boston, Oct. 6, 1843, and at the age of fourteen began 
 his career in the hardware store of Allen & Noble. 
 His education was obtained in the public schools, but 
 he secured some mercantile instruction by a course in a 
 commercial college. 
 In 1862, although 
 but nineteen years 
 of age, he enlisted 
 in the Army of the 
 Potomac as sergeant 
 of Company E, Vox- 
 tieth Regiment, and 
 while marching t o 
 Miner's Hill, Vir- 
 ginia, in September 
 of the same year, re 
 ceived a severe sun- 
 stroke, which d i s - 
 abled him to such a 
 degree that he was 
 discharged from the 
 army the following 
 spring. Returning 
 to his native city, he 
 sought employment 
 in the counting-room 
 of the Herald as a 
 book-keeper, and his 
 employers soon real- 
 ized how valuable an 
 acquisition he was to 
 the working force of 
 that paper. At that 
 time there were but 
 three whol e sal e 
 
 dealers in the city who purchased the Sunday edition of 
 the HcraU, and they sold quantities as needed to the 
 smaller dealers. Mr. Woods suggested that the papers 
 be sold direct, and also that newsdealers obtain their 
 papers on the ticket plan, thus saving the trouble of 
 receiving so much cash over the counters. These plans 
 were adopted and found to be so practicable that all 
 other publishers availed themselves of his imjiroved 
 methods. The idea of sending Sunday trains out for 
 
 EDWIN H. WOODS 
 
 the puqiose of distributing the Herald all over New Eng- 
 land also originated in the active brain of Mr. Woods. 
 The firm, which in 1888 consisted of R. M. Pulsifer & 
 Co., admitted Mr. Woods to partnership in that year, and, 
 when a corporation was established, he took the posi- 
 tion of vice-president and business manager. Later he 
 was elected president, a position which he holds at the 
 present time. Colonel Woods established the Hotel 
 and Railroad News Company of Boston, and held the 
 
 position of vice-pres- 
 ident for several 
 years, and is a direc- 
 tor now. He is also 
 vice-president of the 
 American News- 
 paper Publishers' 
 Association, and 
 president of the 
 Boston Publishers' 
 Association. He is 
 a member of the 
 .Mgonquin Club, Bos- 
 ton Press Club, and 
 the Hull Yacht Club. 
 Mr. Woods was ap- 
 pointed assistant 
 adjutant-general, 
 with the rank of 
 colonel, on the staff 
 of Governor Ames, 
 in 1889. He has 
 also held many 
 offices, including 
 that of commander 
 of Post 7, Grand 
 Army of the Repub- 
 lic, and was lieuten- 
 ant of Company E, 
 Seventh Regiment, 
 Massachusetts V o 1- 
 unteer Militia, for three years. He served as a member 
 of the Common Council several years, and is an active 
 member of Joseph Warren Lodge of Masons. Besides 
 being eminently successful in business life. Colonel 
 Woods has distinguishing social characteristics, and his 
 pleasant disposition and hearty manner have won him a 
 host of friends in every walk of life. Colonel Woods 
 believes fiimly in modern methods, and much of his suc- 
 cess is due to his executive ability and business acumen. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 185 
 
 rt 
 
 THOUGH not a native of Massachusetts, or even 
 of New England stock, General John M. Corse, 
 "the hero of Allatoona," is closely identified with Bos- 
 ton in many ways, having been its postmaster for four 
 years and having greatly increased the efficiency of the 
 postal service. General Corse was born in Pittsburg, 
 Penn., April 27, 1835, being descended from a Hugue- 
 not family that settled in the South early in the 
 eighteenth century. General Corse's parents moved 
 to St. Louis, and later 
 to Burlington, la., 
 while he was still 
 quite young, and his 
 early education was 
 obtained in those 
 l)laces. He entered 
 West Point in 1853, 
 but withdrew before 
 graduation and stud- 
 ied law, being ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 
 i860. He began the 
 practice of his pro- 
 fession in Burlington, 
 la. Taking an actixe 
 interest in politics, 
 he was the candidate 
 for secretary of state 
 of Iowa in i860 on 
 the Douglas ticket. 
 At the breaking out 
 of the Rebellion he 
 entered the ser\ice 
 as a captain of artil- 
 lery. Then he was 
 transferred as major 
 of the Sixth Iowa In- 
 fantry, and later was 
 assigned on the staff 
 of General John 
 
 Pope, with the rank of judge-advocate general, and 
 afterwards inspector-general. After participating in 
 many engagements, he was made lieutenant-colonel of 
 the Sixth Iowa Infantry, and joined Sherman's army 
 in the siege of Corinth, Memphis and Vicksburg. For 
 gallantry at the assault on Jackson he received the 
 commission of brigadier-general, and took command 
 of the Fourth Dixision of the Fifteenth Army Corps. 
 At the battle of Mission Ridge, General Corse's leg was 
 
 JOHN M. CORSE. 
 
 broken by a shell. After recovering from the wound 
 he joined (General Sherman's staff and marched with 
 him to the sea. It was his bravery at Allatoona Pass 
 that made him famous throughout the country and won 
 for him the rank of major-general. AVith a handful 
 of resolute soldiers he withstood for hours a deadly fire 
 from the enemy, refusing to surrender, and holding the 
 important position until reinforcements from General 
 Sherman arrived. He was wounded five times during 
 
 the war. After a two 
 years' campaign in 
 the Northwest against 
 the Sioux, he was ap- 
 pointed lieutenant- 
 colonel in the regu- 
 lar army. Resigning 
 ^Ijjk from the army, Gen- 
 
 ^ eral Corse was ap- 
 
 pointed internal rev- 
 enue collector by 
 President Johnson. 
 «jjj^ He held this position 
 
 ^k9|H for two years and 
 
 - '^fg then went abroad, 
 
 * where he remained 
 
 several years. Re- 
 turning from Europe, 
 he engaged in the 
 construction of har- 
 bors and railways in 
 ihe West. Coming 
 East to live. General 
 Corse settled in Bos- 
 ton, where he has 
 since lived. In 1886 
 President Cleveland 
 appointed him post- 
 master of Boston, 
 and the appointment 
 was received with 
 equal satisfaction by Republicans and Democrats. Post- 
 master Corse was very successful in his endeavors to 
 improve the efficiency of the Boston post-office, and 
 the work he accomplished there was appreciated by 
 every business man in Boston. General Corse was 
 married in 1856 to Miss Ellen Edwards Prince, who 
 died, leaving one son, who is now a railroad man in 
 the West. In 1883 General Corse again married, his 
 second wife being the niece of President Franklin Pierce. 
 
1 86 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WHAT the twin brothers, Cyrus and Darius Cobb, 
 have done for American art can scarcely be 
 even hinted at within the limits of a brief biographical 
 sketch. Suffice it to say, that in the realms of histori- 
 cal painting and sculpture they stand unrivalled. When 
 the story of their wonderful lives — embracing, as they 
 do, so many and such varied spheres of activity, and 
 yet dominated by a single purpose, and fitting into each 
 other with perfect harmony — comes to be written, it 
 will be one of the 
 most fascinating bi- 
 ographies in the 
 world's literature, 
 and a source of in- 
 spiration to all whose 
 lives are controlled 
 by high ideals. For 
 a man to leave his 
 chosen field of art 
 in which he has at- 
 tained high distinc- 
 tion, take up the 
 study of law for a 
 given purpose, 
 achieve pronounced 
 success at the bar, 
 and then, returning 
 to art, win new lau- 
 rels and add to a 
 fame- already estab- 
 lished, requires 
 something more than 
 talent ; it requires 
 genius. That, in a 
 nutshell, is the life- 
 story of Cyrus Cobb. 
 In 1873 he entered 
 the bar — he was the 
 first graduate of the 
 Boston Law School 
 
 — to aid in accomplishing his own and his brother's 
 long-maintained purpose, which the adverse conditions 
 governing historical art in this country rendered neces- 
 sary. Thus aided, Darius continued his work, and 
 established his name as one of the greatest historical 
 painters of modern times. Cyrus lost but three jury 
 cases in his whole legal career of nearly ten years, and 
 his critical review of the case of Mrs. Myra Clarke 
 Gaines vs. the City of New Orleans was pronounced by 
 
 CYRUS COBB 
 
 Mrs. Gaines's counsel to be one of the ablest of the 
 many able papers written on the case. When he re- 
 joined his brother in art work he immediately produced 
 his great painting, "Jesus Condemned," which critics 
 and artists have declared could be judged only by 
 European standards. He then painted his "Warren at 
 the Old South," which hangs in the Boston .^rt Museum, 
 and which, aside from its artistic merits, has a peculiar 
 psychological value, arising from the fact that while 
 
 Darius was, in the 
 language of his 
 brother artists, 
 "striding forward 
 with seven-league 
 boots in his art," 
 Cyrus was concen- 
 trating all his powers 
 on the law, and yet, 
 when he renewed his 
 art, his advance in it 
 was found to have 
 been just equal to 
 his brother's. After 
 painting this work, 
 he left the brush to 
 Darius, and since 
 then has devoted 
 himself to sculpture. 
 His busts have won 
 him renown, his suc- 
 cess with p o s t - 
 mortem subjects 
 being especially 
 marked, and his 
 work from the ])hoto- 
 graph has established 
 his name abroad. 
 His head of General 
 Grant was at once 
 recognized as supe- 
 rior to all likenesses of any kind, and his statue of 
 "America," which is to go into the arcade of his 
 soldiers' monument at Cambridge, is one of the great 
 statues of all times. His design for the monument was 
 selected as incomparably superior to all other compet- 
 ing designs — over forty in number. His colossal head 
 of the " Celtic Bard," which has recently been photo- 
 graphed, is pronounced worthy the hand of Michael 
 Angelo. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 187 
 
 DARIUS COBB, with his twin brother Cyrus, was 
 born in the birth chamber of Adoniram Judson, 
 the great missionary, at Maiden, Mass., Aug. 6, 1834. 
 Both their parents were descended direct from the 
 Pilgrims. Their paternal grandfather and grandmother 
 were both Cobbs, one of the sixth and the other of the 
 seventh generation from Elder Henry Cobb, who came 
 over on the second voyage of the " Mayflower." Their 
 father. Rev. Dr. Sylvanus Cobb, was one of the leading 
 theologians of his 
 day, being a power 
 in the work of liber- 
 alizing the Christian 
 pulpit. Their mother 
 was a very talented 
 woman, being for 
 twelve years presi- 
 dent of the Ladies' 
 Physiological Insti- 
 tute. Her maiden 
 name was Eunice 
 Hale Waite. On 
 her father's side she 
 came from the Hales 
 and the Waites, and 
 her mother was a 
 S t a n w o o d . She 
 therefore repre- 
 sented three of the 
 most influential fami- 
 lies in the country. 
 The father of the 
 twins removed to 
 Waltham when they 
 were three years old, 
 and to East Boston 
 when they were six. 
 The foundation for 
 the brothers' varied 
 attainments, which 
 
 have made their names prominent aside from their art, 
 was laid in their early youth, when they made it a rule 
 to rise at four o'clock, study music till breakfast and art 
 until the middle of the afternoon, and then inirsue 
 their literary studies till midnight. Their lives were in 
 a sense interchangeable. They deemed it wise, how- 
 ever, to make their professions distinct, Darius choosing 
 painting and Cyrus sculpture. Their art work was inter- 
 rupted by the War of the Rebellion. They enlisted in 
 
 DARIUS COBB 
 
 the Forty-fourth Massachusetts Infantry, performing 
 their duty in the field with the same spirit that has 
 characterized their civil life. Darius' work in art has 
 embraced historical paintings, portraits and landscapes. 
 At the age of seventeen he expressed his determination 
 to paint the Christ, which he produced thirty years after- 
 ward in his "Christ Before Pilate," a painting that has 
 taken rank as one of the great masterpieces of modern 
 times. It is universally pronounced the best rendering 
 
 of the Saviour ever 
 produced in art, the 
 poet Whittier lead- 
 ing in this opinion. 
 Darius stands in the 
 front rank of ])ortrait 
 painters. His por- 
 traits of Rufus 
 Choate, G_e n e r a 1 
 Butler and George 
 T. Angell are nota- 
 ble examples. He 
 has recently made a 
 sketch for a large 
 painting in which 
 heavenly hosts are 
 descending to the 
 earth and annihila- 
 ting evil, which, 
 when put upon the 
 large canvass with 
 the success that has 
 attended all his his- 
 torical paintings, will 
 give his name pre- 
 eminence. He is 
 now engaged upon a 
 large painting, repre- 
 senting a m a i d e n 
 just rising from the 
 earth, attended by 
 two angels who are ushering her into life eternal. The 
 subject was suggested to him years ago by the death of 
 his sister, and it will be, when finished, the most beau- 
 tiful and effective work he has yet produced. The twin 
 brothers married sisters, Darius, Laura M., and Cyrus, 
 Emma Lillie, who are direct descendants of John Alden, 
 which brings their children into the same ancestral line 
 with John and John Quincy Adams The brothers Cobb 
 have large families of children. 
 
1 88 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IN no city of the country are there better facihties than 
 in Boston for the accommodation of travellers arriv- 
 ing here or passing through the city from one railway 
 station to another. With the growth of Boston has 
 grown up an enormous business in the transfer of passen- 
 gers and baggage — a business that has been thoroughly 
 systematized and brought under the management of one 
 brainy man. His name is George \\'ashington .Arm- 
 strong, and to his e.xecutive business ability thousands 
 of travellers every 
 year are deeply in- 
 debted. His rise 
 from the position of 
 newsboy to that 
 of the head of one of 
 the most respected 
 corporations in New 
 England is an inter- 
 esting study. He 
 was born in Boston, 
 Aug. II, I.S36, the 
 son of David and 
 Mahal a (Lovering) 
 Armstrong. His re- 
 mote ancestors be- 
 longed to one of the 
 renowned Scottish 
 lowland clans, which 
 was very numerous 
 on the borders of 
 England several cen- 
 turies ago, and many 
 of whose members 
 subsequently found 
 homes in the United 
 States. The pro- 
 genitor of the family 
 in this country. Char- 
 ter Robert .'\rm- 
 strong, was among 
 
 the early settlers of New Hampshire, being one of the orig- 
 inal proprietors of Londonderry in 1722, and from him 
 George W. Armstrong is descended. He obtained his 
 education in the public schools of Boston, being one of 
 the ]nipils of the old Hawes Grammar School. At the 
 age of fourteen he began life for himself, with eighty- 
 three dollars which he received from his father's estate. 
 First he was a penny postman, having the whole of 
 South Boston for his district. Then he worked as office 
 
 boy for the South Boston Gazette and the Sunday Ncivs. 
 In 1852 he became newsboy on the Boston & ^\'orces- 
 ter (now the Boston & .Albany) Railroad, remaining on 
 the road for nine years, and during the last year and a 
 half of this time being employed as baggage master, 
 sleeping-car conductor, brakeman and conductor on 
 regular trains. He then became manager of the news 
 business on the road, and in 1863 obtained a half 
 interest in the restaurant and news room in the Boston 
 
 & Albany station at 
 Boston. Since 1871 
 he has conducted 
 this business alone. 
 Purchasing a local 
 e.xpress in 1865, he 
 organized "Arm- 
 strong's Transfer," 
 which he has raised 
 to a business of im- 
 portance and magni- 
 ^^ tude. He added 
 
 ^^ ' passenger carriages 
 
 and introduced other 
 new features, includ- 
 ing a system of 
 checking baggage 
 from one station to 
 another, for the ac- 
 commodation of rail- 
 way passengers. In 
 1882 the .Armstrong 
 Transfer Company 
 w a s incorporated, 
 with Mr. Armstrong 
 at its head. No just 
 claim against the 
 company for loss of 
 property or delay in 
 delivery has ever 
 been the subject of 
 litigation. Mr. .Armstrong also owns the news and din- 
 ing-room business on the Boston & .Albany and Eastern 
 Division of the Boston & Maine and also on the Boston, 
 Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad, and the news busi- 
 ness on the Fitchburg line. He is a director in the 
 Traders National Bank and in several railroad corpora- 
 tions, and president of the Emergency Hos])ital. He has 
 been twice married, his second wife being the daughter 
 Dr. Reuben Greene, of Boston, lie has three children. 
 
 GEORGE W. ARMSTRONG. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 189 
 
 BENJAMIN DEAN, who has for nearly fifty years 
 been in the active practice of his profession of the 
 law in Massachusetts and most of the time in Middlesex 
 and Suffolk counties, was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire, 
 England, Aug. 14, 1824. His parents, Benjamin and 
 Alice Dean, settled in Lowell, Mass., when young Ben- 
 jamin was five years old. There he graduated from the 
 high school in 1840. He then entered Dartmouth Col- 
 lege, but gave up his collegiate course at the end of the 
 freshman year to 
 study law with Judge 
 Hopkinson. He was 
 admitted to the bar 
 in 1845 and practised 
 in Lowell until 1852, 
 when he became a 
 partner of Henry W. 
 Fuller, in Boston, and 
 succeeded to the 
 business on Mr. Ful- 
 ler's death. He was 
 a member of the State 
 Senate in 1862, 1863 
 and 1869. He was 
 chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Prisons in 
 his first two terms 
 and served on other 
 important c o m m i t - 
 tees during the excit- 
 ing period of the war. 
 In 1869 he suc- 
 ceeded Judge Francis 
 Dewey as chairman 
 of the Committee on 
 the Judiciary, was a 
 member of the Joint 
 Standing Committee 
 on the Library, and of 
 the Joint Standing 
 
 Committee on the License Law. He was a member of the 
 Boston Common Council in 1865, 1866, 1872 and 1873, 
 where he held each year the chairmanship of the Com- 
 mittee on Ordinances. Mr. Dean represented the Third 
 District of Massachusetts in the Forty-fifth Congress. 
 He has been prominent in the Masonic Order since 
 1854, holding the otifices of deputy for the State of Mas- 
 sachusetts of the Supreme Council of the Ancient 
 Accepted Scottish Rite for the Northern Masonic [uris- 
 
 
 BENJAMIN DEAN. 
 
 diction of the LTnited States. He was grand commander 
 of the States of Massachusetts and Rhode Island from 
 187 1 to 1873, and from 1880 to 1883 was grand master 
 of the Grand Encampment of the Knights Templars of 
 the United States of America, and is past grand warden 
 of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. Mr. Dean has 
 been chairman of the park commissioners of Boston, a 
 director of the jiublic institutions of the city, and of the 
 South Boston Railroad Company, president of the South 
 
 Boston Gas Light 
 Company, and a trus- 
 tee of the South Bos- 
 ton Savings Bank. 
 An expert yachtsman, 
 he was for some years 
 the commodore of 
 the Boston Yacht 
 Club, of which he 
 was one of the found- 
 ers. Like his friend, 
 the late Augustus 
 Russ, he is fond of 
 the sea. He has for 
 many years been an 
 owner of the Outer 
 Brewster Island, and 
 lessee of the Great 
 Brewster, while Mr. 
 Russ owned the 
 Middle Brewster and 
 Green islands. They 
 had extensive plans 
 for great improve- 
 ment of the islands, 
 much to the benefit 
 of the outer Boston 
 Bay. Mr. Dean mar- 
 ried in Lowell, in 
 1848, Mary A., 
 daughter of J. B. 
 French. The children of this union were six, four of 
 whom are living : Walter Loftus, Josiah Stevens, Clith- 
 eroe (now Mrs. C. L. James), and Mary (now Mrs. 
 Walter Tufts). Benjamin Wheelock Dean, the eldest 
 son, died in 1892. Mr. Dean, with the other members 
 of the board, was instrumental in accomplishing much 
 for the development of the magnificent park system of 
 Boston during his term of ofifice as chairman of the 
 Park Commission, from 18S6 to 1889. 
 
 \^ 
 
igo 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 GEORGE H. CHICKERING, the only surviving 
 son of the late Jonas Chickering, is the possessor 
 of a name that has become famous in the annals of 
 music and the music industry in America. Mr. Chicker- 
 ing was born in Boston on April i8, 1830, and attended 
 a private school, as did all the sons of Mr. Chickering. 
 The basis of his culture, universally admitted by all who 
 have the pleasure of his personal acquaintance, is the 
 education he recei\ed in this school, from which he at 
 once entered as an ap- 
 prentice in the factory 
 of his father, located 
 at that time in the 
 then new structure 
 on Franklin Square, 
 on the site now oc- 
 cupied by the New 
 England Conserva- 
 tory of Music. Mr. 
 Chickering, who had 
 been working under 
 the personal g u i d - 
 ance of his renowned 
 father, was instructed 
 in the special art of 
 making and voicing 
 the hammers of 
 grand pianos. He 
 took a deep interest 
 in the general con- 
 struction of pianos 
 and the science of 
 acoustics, and the 
 particular specialty 
 known as tone pro- 
 duction, and had 
 advanced to such a 
 degree of practical 
 knowledge that 
 when, in 1855, his 
 
 father went to Europe, George H. Chickering had con 
 trol of his own department and a general supervision of 
 
 GEORGE H. CHICKERING 
 
 of travel. Most of his time on the occasions of his 
 five visits to the old countries has been occupied in the 
 famous museums and art galleries of those lands. Those 
 moments that can be spared from the actual operation 
 of the great Chickering factory are devoted by him to 
 his family, to musical affairs in Boston, with which he 
 has always been prominently associated, and to matters 
 of art, in which he is deeply interested. He is very 
 well and very widely known, and to all is an authority 
 
 on musical matters. 
 His greatest ambi- 
 tion to-day is that 
 the Chickering piano 
 shall, if possible, be 
 brought to a higher 
 point than ever be- 
 fore, and so perpetu- 
 ate the record of the 
 house, and finish the 
 life-work of his fam- 
 ily, that they may go 
 d o w n to posterity, 
 not only as the 
 founders of the 
 American piano- 
 forte industry, but as 
 the inventors and 
 practical introducers 
 of those wonderf\il 
 inventions in the 
 early days of piano 
 making, which made 
 all subsequent im- 
 provements possible 
 and made the con- 
 cert grand of to-day, 
 that t r i u m p h of 
 mechanical genius, 
 artistic skill, scien- 
 tific research a n d 
 indomitable labor, an accomplished fact. Personally, 
 Mr. Chickering is a most modest and unassuming 
 
 all factory matters. In fact, he became an integral part gentleman, absolutely devoid of the unwholesome self- 
 
 of the institution, and has ever since his entry at the 
 factory been thoroughly identified with the Chickering 
 piano and its remarkable development, and the present 
 great fame of the house and of its instruments is due to 
 him more than to any other one man. Mr. Chickering 
 has made occasional trips to Europe, and is very fond 
 
 infatuation so characteristic of the/« dc neck with even 
 men of success and position. He is a very approach- 
 able man, and if he will he can talk for hours in an 
 extremely interesting manner on all topics, whether 
 musical, artistic or otherwise. Mr. Chickering's resi- 
 dence is at Readville, Mass. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 191 
 
 BOSTON has always held a high place in the cordage 
 industry of America. Ropewalks were estab- 
 lished there in the early days of the colonies, and at 
 the outbreak of the Revolution there were many in and 
 around Boston. E\ en in comparatively recent years 
 they were numerous on the spot now occupied by the 
 Public Garden. Machinery, except of a very crude 
 kind, was unknown in those days, the preparation of 
 the fibre and the spinning being done by men, who, 
 after placing a proper 
 amount of the pre- 
 jjared fibre around 
 their waists, and 
 attaching a portion 
 of it to the revolving 
 whirl of a spinning- 
 wheel (turned by a 
 boy or girl), walked 
 backwards, spinning 
 the yarn as t h e \- 
 went. Modern ma- 
 chin erv has done 
 away with all that, 
 and New Englan<l 
 has not only kept 
 fully abreast with all 
 i mpro vement s in 
 methods, but has 
 generally led. Its 
 products are cele- 
 brated the world over 
 on account of their 
 good manufacture, 
 and the unadu 1 
 terated fibre used. 
 The invention of the 
 self-binding har- 
 vester gave a great 
 impetus to the cord- 
 age business, the 
 
 only reliable binding twine being made of the harsh 
 fibres (Manila, Sisal and New Zealand). To bind the 
 small grain crop of the country, not far from fifty-five 
 thousand tons of binder twine are required, an average 
 of about two and one half pounds per acre. Charles H. 
 Pearson has been in the cordage business for over 
 twenty-five years, having held every position from that 
 of the boy learning in the mill to that of treasurer and 
 general manager of one of the State's largest cordage 
 
 CHARLES H. PEARSON 
 
 companies, of which he owned a majority of the stock. 
 Holdmg to the principle of sticking to one line of busi- 
 ness, Mr. Pearson has always been a firm and enthusi- 
 astic believer in the cordage industry, and is one of 
 Boston's most successful manufacturers and men of 
 affairs. While remaining in the one general field of 
 work, Mr. Pearson has had a varied experience with 
 cordage firms and corporations, not hesitating to shift 
 his services and capital to new cordage companies, or 
 
 consolidate with 
 others, when he saw 
 profit by so doing. 
 At present he occu- 
 pies the most prom- 
 inent position in the 
 cordage business in 
 New England, being 
 general manager of 
 the N e \v England 
 de])artment of the 
 National Cordage 
 Company. Mr. Pear- 
 son's father, the late 
 Samuel Pearson, was, 
 at the time of his 
 death, the president 
 of the highly success- 
 ful Pearson Cordage 
 Company, which is 
 now chiefly engaged 
 in the manufacture 
 of binding twine, and 
 is one of the largest 
 cordage companies 
 in the world ; and 
 Mr. Pearson's grand- 
 father owned and 
 operated a ropewalk 
 in Portland, Me. 
 Always a great 
 worker and organizer, the heavy load of cares and re- 
 sponsibilities never worries Mr. Pearson, as he has the 
 happy faculty of quitting work when he leaves the office. 
 He was born at Portland, Me., Jan. 7, 1849, was edu- 
 cated in the public schools, and went immediately into 
 a cordage mill to learn the business. That he learned 
 it thoroughly is shown by his subsequent success. Mr. 
 Pearson was married in 1872, and with his wife and 
 family occupy their beautiful home in Brookline. 
 
192 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE Home Market Club has been made, largely 
 through the efforts of Colonel Albert Clarke, one 
 of the most effective means in the country for the dis- 
 semination of protective principles. He was born in 
 Granville, Vt., Oct. 13, 1840. He is a twin, and his 
 mate, Almon,who closely resembles him, is a prominent 
 physician in Wisconsin. Both ser\ed in the Civil War, 
 Albert as private in the Thirteenth Vermont Infantry, 
 and his brother as assistant surgeon of the Tenth Ver- 
 mont, and surgeon 
 of the First Vermont 
 Cavalry. Promoted 
 to first lieutenant, 
 Albert commanded 
 his company at Get- 
 tysburg, and bore a 
 brave part in the ter- 
 rific charges upon 
 the enemy's lines. 
 Resuming the prac- 
 tice of law, which had 
 been interrupted by 
 the war, he was ap- 
 jjointed colonel on 
 Governor Dilli ng- 
 ham's staff, and for 
 four years was first 
 assistant clerk in the 
 Vermont House of 
 Representatives. In 
 1870 he purchased 
 the St. Albans Daily 
 Messenger, and for 
 ten years he opposed, 
 almost alone among 
 the Vermont press, 
 the power of the Ver- 
 mont Central Rail- 
 road in politics. 
 After a severe con- 
 test, in which the whole strength of the railroad manage- 
 ment was arrayed against him, he was elected to the 
 Vermont Senate, which he found almost wholly against 
 him on railroad questions ; but he made a speech in sup- 
 port of his bill to limit the free-pass abuse, and in favor 
 of the right of a State to control railroads, which has since 
 been of service in other States in promoting the reform 
 that failed there. He was State commissioner to build 
 a house of correction at Rutland, a project which he 
 
 ALBERT CLARKE 
 
 had done more than any other man to promote. A 
 paper which he read before the National Prison Asso- 
 ciation, of which he was a director, led to his being 
 chosen an honorary member of La Socie'te des Prisons 
 in France. In 1880 he came to Boston, and engaged 
 in railroad matters and journalism. He was president 
 of the ^'ermont & Canada Railroad when it was sold to 
 the Central Vermont. Being on the Daily Advertiser 
 staff when that paper bolted Mr. Blaine's nomination in 
 
 1884, but not bolting 
 personally, he r e - 
 signed, and after 
 serving as assistant 
 to the president of 
 the Boston & Lowell 
 Railroad, he took the 
 editorial and busi- 
 ness management of 
 the Rutland (Vt.) 
 Herald, and ren- 
 dered conspicuous 
 service in bringing 
 about the re-election 
 of Senator Edmunds. 
 In 1889 he returned 
 to Boston, where he 
 was soon sought and 
 elected secretary and 
 executive ofilicer of 
 the Home Market 
 Club, and has been 
 unanimously re- 
 elected each year 
 since. He was a 
 member of the Re- 
 publican N ational 
 Convention in 1892, 
 and a strong sup- 
 porter of President 
 Harrison. U n d e r 
 his management the Home Market Bulletin (monthly) 
 has been quintupled in size, and has attained a circula- 
 tion that is among the largest of the economic journals 
 of the world. Colonel Clarke is a master of English 
 style and a keen logician. His articles, orations and 
 speeches have won for him a national reputation. He 
 lives at Wellesley Hills, and is president of the Welles- 
 ley Club. In TS64 he married Miss Josephine Briggs, 
 who, with one daughter, constitutes his family. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 193 
 
 EDWARD ATKINSON, who has been for many 
 years identified in various ways with the public 
 life of Massachusetts, is a recognized authority on 
 economic questions. He was born at Brookline, Mass., 
 Feb. 10, 1827. He received his education at private 
 schools, and was always an apt scholar. For over thirty 
 years he has been contributing to the economic and 
 political literature of America, dealing with a wide 
 range of subjects, and in all of them showing excep- 
 tional knowledge and 
 ability. Mr. Atkin- 
 son has delivered a 
 large number of 
 addresses before 
 representative men, 
 and has published 
 many important doc- 
 uments. His first 
 pamphlet, entitled 
 " Cheap Cotton by 
 Free Labor," issued 
 in the first year of 
 the Civil War, 1861, 
 was then regarded 
 as a forecast of 
 utterly improbable, 
 if not impossible, 
 events; yet so 
 closely had the logic 
 of the case been 
 considered that 
 everv prediction in 
 it has been more 
 than fulfilled. Some 
 of Mr. .Atkinson's 
 most important 
 papers are : " Bank- 
 ing," delivered be- 
 fore the American 
 Bankers' Association 
 
 at Saratoga (1880) ; " Insufficiency of Economic Legis- 
 lation," delivered before the .American Social Science 
 Association; "What Makes the Rate of Wages?" be- 
 fore the British .Association for the .-Xdvancement of 
 Science ; " Address to the Chief of the Bureau of Labor 
 Statistics," at the Massachusetts convention in Boston 
 (1885); address given as chairman of the Economic 
 section on the " .Application of Science to the Produc- 
 tion and Consumption of Food," before the .American 
 
 EDWARD ATKINSON 
 
 Association for the .Advancement of Science (1885) ; 
 address on the " Prevention of Loss by Fire," before the 
 Millers of the West (1885) ; "The Influence of Boston 
 Capital upon Manufactures," in the " Memorial History 
 of Boston" (1882); "The Distribution of Products" 
 (1885); "The Industrial Progress of the Nation" 
 (1889); "The Science of Nutrition" (1892). A 
 series of monographs on economic subjects was begun 
 by Mr. .Atkinson in 1886, and published periodically. 
 
 As an inventor, Mr. 
 Atkinson has been 
 very successful, the 
 ".Aladdin oven," an 
 improved cooking 
 stove of exceptional 
 merit, having been 
 invented by him. 
 He has also devoted 
 a good deal of time 
 and study to the sub- 
 ject of fire insurance, 
 and his ideas have 
 been remarkable for 
 their striking origi- 
 nality. The Boston 
 Manufacturers' Mu- 
 tual Fire Insurance 
 Company, which 
 consists of a n u m- 
 ber of manufacturers 
 associated for mutual 
 protection, has been 
 under his charge for 
 many years, and he 
 has been the leading 
 spirit in its- affairs 
 yet longer. The 
 company has a far- 
 reaching influence 
 upon the business of 
 its members ; rules and regulations having been adopted 
 for the economical and judicious construction and man- 
 agement of their plants. The plans and methods of 
 building, known as the system of "slow-burning con- 
 struction, are now being adopted throughout the coun- 
 try." Mr. -Atkinson was one of the stanch abolitionists 
 before the war, and he therefore greatly values the 
 degree of LL. D., which the State University of South 
 Carolina conferred upon him. 
 
'94 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 Al'iORN leader of men, Patrick A. Collins has cer- 
 tainly contributed his share to keep the State of 
 his adoption well in the van of |)rogressive, liberal and 
 intelligent life. His ability, both at the bar and in 
 public life, has attracted the attention of all classes of 
 citizens throughout the United States. K brilliant 
 debater, a forcible and eloquent speaker, gifted with a 
 thoroughly equipped and well-balanced mind, he stands 
 a conspicuous example of what a'fine graft can be made 
 of Irish and Ameri- 
 can stock. He exerts 
 ])robably a stronger 
 influence upon the 
 men of his race in 
 America than any 
 other living man, as 
 the part he took in 
 the campaign of 1884 
 amply demonstrated. 
 Not alone in America 
 is his influence felt, 
 for he has devoted 
 much of his time and 
 talents to the cause 
 of Ireland. His con- 
 nection with the Fe- 
 n i a n Brotherhood 
 from 1S62 to 1870, 
 as secretary of the 
 Philadelphia conven- 
 t i o n and chairman 
 of a subsequent one, 
 and the distinction 
 of being the first 
 president of the Irish 
 National Land 
 League of Amer- 
 ica, — all bespeak 
 his loyalty to his na- 
 tive land. Parn e 11 
 
 repeatedly thanked him for assistance rendered to the 
 Irish cause, and at the League headquarters in Dublin 
 his picture hangs beside that of the dead leader. Mr. 
 Collins was born in Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland, 
 March 12, 1844, the year in which John P>oyle O'Reilly 
 was born. He was the youngest of a large family, and 
 was only three years old when his father died. His 
 mother came to the United States in 1848 and settled 
 in ("helsea, Mass., where he received a common school 
 
 education. He met many \ icissitudes in his early years, 
 first as errand boy in the office of a Boston lawyer, then 
 as clerk in a Chelsea store, then as coal miner in Ohio, 
 then working at the upholstery trade in Boston and 
 giving his leisure hours to study. Graduating with hon- 
 ors from the Harvard Law School in 1871, he was 
 admitted to the bar in that year, and has continued in 
 the practice of his profession ever since, with the inter- 
 ruptions which public office has occasioned. He has 
 
 been a member of 
 both branches of the 
 Massachusetts Legis- 
 lature, judge-advo- 
 cate general of the 
 State, and member 
 of Congress for three 
 terms. He was on 
 the Judiciary Com- 
 m i 1 1 e e during his 
 whole service a t 
 ^Vashington and was 
 ]jrominently engaged 
 with many important 
 measures, including 
 the Bankruptcy Bill. 
 In 1888 he peremp- 
 torily refused the use 
 of his name for fur- 
 t h e r congressional 
 honors. Mr. Collins 
 was permanent chair- 
 man of the National 
 Democratic Conven- 
 tion, held at St. Louis 
 in 1888, and was 
 delegate to the Chi- 
 cago convention in 
 1892, when his cele- 
 brated speech, sec- 
 onding the nomina- 
 tion of Mr. Cleveland, was made. He was chairman of 
 the Massachusetts Democratic State Committee from 
 1884 till 1891. In the councils of his ]iarty Mr. Col- 
 lins is regarded as a factor of weight and influence, and 
 his opinions are always accorded the most respectful 
 attention on account of their soundness and lucidity. 
 Mr. Collins was married in 1873 to Miss Mary E. Carey, 
 of Boston. They have three children, two daughters and 
 a son. Their home is at Mt. Ida, Dorchester. 
 
 PATRICK A. COLLINS. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 195 
 
 ALBERT AUGUSTUS POPE, the founder of the 
 bicycle industries in the United States, was born 
 in Boston, May 20, 1843. He traces his genealogy 
 through many well-known New England families. When 
 he w-as nine years of age his father met with business 
 reverses, and Albert began his life-work by riding 
 a horse to plow for a neighboring farmer in Brookline. 
 Three years later he commenced buying fruit and veg- 
 etables and selling them to neighbors. He soon had 
 many customers, and 
 in one season made 
 a profit of one hun- 
 dred dollars. Dur- 
 ing this time he re- 
 ceived a fair public 
 school education, 
 which was all the 
 training he ever had 
 from schools, though 
 by careful reading 
 and application he 
 has obtained an ex- 
 ceptional fund of gen- 
 eral knowledge. At 
 the age of fifteen he 
 secured employment 
 in the Quincy Mar- 
 ket, and later took a 
 position with a firm 
 dealing in shoe find- 
 ings. .\t nineteen 
 years of age he joined 
 the volunteer forces 
 of the Union .\rmy, 
 and went to the front 
 as second lieutenant 
 of the Thirty-fifth 
 Massachusetts I n - 
 fantry, kwg. 22, 1862. 
 His ])romotion to 
 
 first lieutenant, March 23, 1863, and to captain, April 
 I, 1864, are evidences of his ability and valor. He 
 served in the principal Virginia campaigns, was with 
 Burnside in Tennessee, with Grant at Vicksburg and 
 with Sherman at Jackson, Miss. He commanded Fort 
 Hell before Petersburg, and in the last attack led his 
 regiment into the city. He was then but twenty-one 
 years of age. He was brevetted major "for gallant 
 conduct at the battle of Fredericksburg, Va.," and 
 
 ALBERT A. POPE 
 
 lieutenant-colonel " for gallant conduct in the battles 
 of Knowille, Poplar Springs Church and front of 
 Petersburg." After the war Colonel Pope went into 
 business for himself, in shoe manufacturers' su]i]ilies. 
 In 1877 he became enthusiastic over the bicycle, and 
 determined to go into its manufacture. This was done 
 under the name of the Pope Manufacturing Companv, 
 a corporation for which he furnished the capital, and 
 of which he became,'and has since continued, the presi- 
 dent and active man- 
 ager. There was no 
 demand for wheels 
 at that time, and in 
 many places the 
 prejudice against 
 them was intense. 
 This opposition had 
 to be overcome antl 
 a market created. 
 Colonel Pope exer- 
 cised great diplo- 
 macy in treating this 
 phase of the busi- 
 ness. Through the 
 influence and en- 
 couragement of the 
 Pope Manufactur- 
 ing Company was 
 brought about tlie 
 production of Mr. 
 Pratt's book, "The 
 American Bicycler," 
 and the founding of 
 the illustrated maga- 
 zine, " The Wheel- 
 man." The -educa- 
 tional process was 
 followed by the open- 
 ing of the highways 
 and parks for the use 
 of wheelmen, the company expending thousands of 
 dollars in settling the park cases in New York, Chicago 
 and Philadelphia. The prosperous growth of this in- 
 dustry bears a well-deserved tribute to Colonel Pope 
 as a business man and financier. He was the pioneer 
 in the great movement for highway improvement. He 
 married, Sept. 20, 1871, Abbie, daughter of George and 
 Matilda (Smallwood) Tinder, of Newton, Mass., and 
 they ha\"e four sons and one daughter. 
 
196 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 AMID the rush of business activity and the roar of 
 commercial competition, it is pleasant to find a 
 man who is making the main work of his life the intelli- 
 gent observation and the scientific study of nature. To 
 be entitled to a place of recognition as a naturalist 
 requires in a man not only a love of his work and an 
 intellectual capacity of high order, but perseverance, 
 patience, knowledge of the value of time, exceptional 
 powers of application, and strength for protracted labor. 
 That all these ele- 
 ments of success in 
 his chosen field are 
 combined in Charles 
 B. Cory, of Boston, 
 naturalist and travel- 
 ler, his written works 
 amply prove. In 
 ornithology, that 
 special branch of 
 zoology to which he 
 has devoted his re- 
 searches, Mr. Cory's 
 published works of 
 recent^ years have 
 given him a world- 
 wide r ep u t at ion. 
 .\mong these works 
 (prepared in all parts 
 of the world during 
 his travels, but all 
 published by Estes 
 & I.auriat, of Boston) 
 are " The Birds of 
 the West Indies," 
 " The Birds of Hayti 
 and San Domingo," 
 " The Beautiful and 
 Curious Birds of the 
 World," "The Birds 
 of the Bahama 
 
 Islands," and " A Naturalist in the Magdalen Islands." 
 The universal recognition of Mr. Cory's worth is best 
 shown by the ever-growing list of scientific oignni/.ations 
 that claim his attention. He is curator of birds in the 
 Boston Society of Natural History, fellow of the Linnaean 
 and Zoological societies of London, member of the 
 American Ornithologists' Union, of the British Ornithol- 
 ogists' Union, of the Societe Zoologique de France, 
 honorary member of the California Academy of Sciences, 
 
 corresponding member of the New York Academy of 
 Sciences, and of the Chicago Academy of Sciences. 
 Mr. Cory was born in Boston, Jan. 31, 1857, and was 
 prepared for his vocation by a natural history course 
 in Harvard Scientific School in the years 1876, 1877, 
 and 1878. Inheriting a large property from his father, 
 he was enabled to prosecute his life work freely, but 
 devotion to science has not pre\ented him from fos- 
 tering with successful care the material interests intrusted 
 
 to him. By successful 
 investments in real 
 estate in the West, 
 he has considerably 
 enhanced the value 
 of the possessions 
 left him, and besides 
 his natural history 
 work, Mr. Cory finds 
 time to devote to the 
 presidency of t w o 
 large corporations in 
 the West. His city 
 house is at No. 8 
 A r 1 i n gt o n Street, 
 Boston, his country 
 house is on Great 
 Island, near Hyan- 
 nis, Mass., which 
 island he owns en- 
 tire, and he also 
 owns a winter home 
 in Florida. He was 
 for several years 
 chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Hypnotism 
 in the American 
 Society for Psychical 
 Research. Mr. Cory 
 was married in 1883, 
 and has a son and 
 a daughter. Yet a young man, with a mind trained 
 for effort and stored with technical knowledge, with 
 physique robust, and opportunities unencumbered by 
 pecuniary worry, Mr. Cory has every right to hope for 
 even greater achievements in the realm of science in 
 the future. The course that he has mapped out for 
 himself, lying, as it does, through the rich fields of 
 natural history, he jnirsues with the hajjpy candor of a 
 man who has found his natural vocation. 
 
 CHARLES B. CORY 
 
BOSTOjV. 
 
 197 
 
 HARVEV DEMING HADLOCK, jurist, who has 
 attained conspicuous success in his profession, 
 was born at Cranberry Isles, Me., Oct. 7, 1843, and is 
 the son of Mary Ann Stanwood and Edwin Hadlock. 
 Mr. Hadlock traces his American ancestry to Nathaniel 
 Hadlock, who was born at Charlestown, Mass., April 5, 
 1643, and whose father, Nathaniel, came from ^^'apping, 
 England, and purchased an estate in Charlestown in 
 1638, and in r653 was one of the founders of the town 
 of Lancaster, Mass. 
 Mr. Hadlock re- 
 ceived his early tu- 
 ition from private 
 teachers and in the 
 schools of his nati\e 
 town. To give their 
 son all the advan- 
 tages within their 
 power, his parents, 
 when he was in his 
 thirteenth year, re- 
 moved to Bucksport, 
 Me., where, at the 
 East Maine Confer- 
 ence Seminary, and 
 under private in- 
 structors, he pursued 
 an ad\anced course 
 o f classical study, 
 which he supple- 
 mented with a par- 
 tial scientific course 
 in Dartmouth Col- 
 lege. At the age of 
 twenty-one he was 
 admitted to the bar, 
 at Hangor, Me., hav- 
 ing mastered the 
 intricacies of law in 
 the office of Samuel 
 
 F. Humphrey. In 1865 he went to New Orleans, and 
 there pursued the study of civil and maritime law under 
 the direction of the late eminent jurist. Christian Ro- 
 selius. The next year he returned to Bucksport and 
 engaged in practice. In October, 1868, at Boston, he 
 was admitted an attorney and counsellor by the Su- 
 preme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, and commenced 
 practice in this city. In the spring of 1869 he was 
 called to New York on business in the United States 
 
 HARVEY D. HADLOCK 
 
 Circuit Court, and while residing there was admitted to 
 practice in the State and Federal Courts. The next fall 
 he returned to Boston and resumed practice. To advo- 
 cate the construction of a railroad from Bangor \ia 
 Bucks]jort to eastern points, in 187 1, he went to the 
 latter town, and when its construction was assured, re- 
 sumed practice there until January, 1881. During his 
 residence in Bucksport he was engaged as counsel in 
 the most imjiortant cases tried in Maine, in which he 
 
 established his repu- 
 tation as an eloquent 
 advocate and accom- 
 plished jurist, and 
 earned for himself a 
 leading p o s i t i o n 
 among the ablest 
 men at the bar of 
 Maine. His opin- 
 ions during that pe- 
 riod were frequently 
 sought, and pub- 
 lished, on important 
 questions of corpora- 
 tion and constitu- 
 tional law. From 
 1881 to r887 he 
 resided in Portland, 
 Me., maintaining at 
 the Cumberland bar, 
 in cases which 
 involved important 
 questions of railroad, 
 corporation, patent 
 and maritime law, as 
 well as in homicide 
 and other rriminal 
 cases, h i s leading 
 position pre\iousl)- 
 earned as a success- 
 ful practitioner. In 
 1887 he returned to Boston, where he now resides. He 
 also has an office in the city of New York, but the 
 range of his practice extends beyond the limits of the 
 State and Federal Courts of New England and New 
 York, embracing cases in the courts of other States, and 
 in the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr. 
 Hadlock was married Jan. 26, 1865, to Miss Alexine 
 L. Goodell, of Searsport, Me., and has two children 
 living. 
 
198 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ALFRED DUPONT CHANDLER is one of the 
 prominent lawyers of Boston, where he was born 
 May i8, 1847, the son of Theophihis Parsons and EHza- 
 beth JuHa (Schlatter) Chandler. In 1848 Mr. Chandler 
 removed to Brookline, Mass., where he now resides. 
 He was educated at the public schools, was graduated 
 at Harvard University in 1868, and immediately com- 
 menced the study of law with his father, then with 
 .\bbot & Jones, later with Hon. Richard H. Dana, in 
 Boston, and then 
 with Porter, Lowrey 
 & Soren, in New 
 York City. He was 
 admitted to the bar 
 in Massachusetts, 
 Dec. 13, 1869, and 
 to the S u p r e m e 
 Court of the United 
 States at Washing- 
 ton, April 17, 1877. 
 He has practised 
 law steadily, having 
 had an office in the 
 Equitable Building, 
 Boston, for eighteen 
 years. His prefer- 
 ence is for chamber 
 practice, and his 
 attention is given 
 mainly to corpora- 
 tion law, private and 
 municipal, though he 
 has appeared in 
 many cases. Corpo- 
 ration receivership 
 questions in the 
 United States courts, 
 and duties as treas- 
 urer and counsel for 
 several corporations 
 
 have required most of his time in the last ten years. 
 He drafted the bill for national savings banks, known 
 as the Windom Bill, and offered by Mr. Windom in 
 the United States Senate, March i, 1880. His published 
 arguments before the Senate Finance Committee, at 
 Washington, May 4, 1880, on national savings banks, 
 and also before committees of the Massachusetts Legis- 
 lature on the annexation question (Brookline to Boston) 
 in 1880; also on creating a tribunal to decide that a 
 
 public necessity for a railroad exists before property can 
 be taken for its construction, in 1882, resulting in 
 Chapter 265 of the Acts of 1882 ; also on nationalism 
 and the municipal control of public lighting, in 1889, 
 are leading contributions upon these subjects. His 
 chief arguments before the higher State courts have 
 been on questions of eminent domain and of constitu- 
 tional law. While not a politician, Mr. Chandler has 
 given close study to matters of municipal administra- 
 tion. As a resident 
 of Brookline he has 
 been one of its most 
 active and progres- 
 sive citizens. H e 
 has been either the 
 prompter of, or had 
 an influential hand 
 in directing, the 
 largest public i m - 
 provements of late 
 years in that beauti- 
 ful town. The con- 
 st r u c t i o n of the 
 Riverdale Park be- 
 tween Brookline and 
 Boston, which is to be 
 one of the finest pro- 
 ductions of that type 
 on the continent, is 
 due mainly to Mr. 
 Chandler's energy 
 and skill in sur- 
 mounting legal and 
 practical difficulties. 
 He was three times 
 elected chairman of 
 the Selectmen, of the 
 Surveyors of High- 
 ways, of the Board of 
 Health, and of the 
 Overseers of the Poor, in Brookline, and was a trustee 
 of the Brookline Public Library three years. He is a 
 member of the .\merican Bar Association, the Boston 
 Bar Association, the University Club, and the Exchange 
 Club, of Boston. He has held no political office, but 
 in February, 1892, was elected president of the Brook- 
 line Republican Club. Mr. Chandler was married in 
 Brookline, Dec. 27, 1882, to Mary Merrill Poor, and 
 has four children. 
 
 ALFRED D. CHANDLER 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 199 
 
 ^' 
 
 WILLIAM McKINLEV OSBORNE, member of 
 the Board of Police for the city of Boston, is 
 identified with the attempt, on the part of the Massachu- 
 setts Legislature, to make the police of the capital of the 
 State independent of partisan municipal politics, and 
 thereby to increase its general efficiency. The theory 
 of the law creating this board was to make a thoroughly 
 non-partisan organization. The members of the com- 
 mission — three in number — are appointed by the gov- 
 ernor, with the 
 consent of his Coun- 
 cil, from the two 
 great political par- 
 ties. It was argued 
 that the board, thus 
 appointed and re- 
 sponsible to the 
 executive depart- 
 ment of the State, 
 would not be ham- 
 pered by questions 
 of local policy, and 
 also that a better 
 class of men would be 
 likely to be chosen. 
 In so far as this 
 change has tended to 
 take the police out 
 of the local politics, 
 it has perhaps met 
 the expectations of 
 its projectors, and 
 along the lines of 
 general police work 
 the change was for 
 the better govern- 
 ment of the force, 
 for the officers can 
 do their duty with- 
 out fear or favor. In 
 
 other respects, however, the value of the change is a de- 
 batable party question. Mr. Osborne has been a member 
 of the board ever since its organization, and has filled 
 his position with singular ability. He was born in Gir- 
 ard, Trumbull County, Ohio, .\pril 26, 1842. His early 
 education was obtained at the academy at Poland, Ohio, 
 and at the Allegheny College, Meadville, Penn. He 
 enlisted, at the breaking out of the war, in the Twenty- 
 third Regiment, Ohio \'olunteers, the first three years' 
 
 ^4 
 
 WILLIAM M. OSBORNE. 
 
 regiment formed in the State. He did not serve out 
 his term, being discharged because of injuries received. 
 In the fall of 1862 he entered the law office of Sutliff, 
 Tuttle & Stull, at Warren, Ohio, where he studied for a 
 year. He then took a course at the law school of the 
 L^niversity of Michigan, .\nn Arbor. In 1869 he began 
 the practice of law at Youngstown, Ohio, and was held in 
 such esteem by his fellow-citizens that he was twice 
 elected mayor, 1874-75. ^^ 1880 he took up his resi- 
 dence in Boston, and 
 a little later entered 
 politics. He was 
 quickly successful, 
 and in 1884-S5 rep- 
 resented Ward 21 in 
 the Boston Common 
 Council. In 1885 
 ^^^^^ . Governor Robinson, 
 
 recognizing his fine 
 executive ability, ap- 
 pointed him a mem- 
 ber of the new Board 
 of Police for the city 
 of Boston, just cre- 
 ^ ated by act of Legis- 
 
 lature. He was re- 
 appointed by Gov- 
 ernor Ames in 1888. 
 — His term will expire 
 
 ^^ in May, 1893. Mr. 
 
 Osborne is a cousin 
 of William McKin- 
 ley, father of the fa- 
 mous tariff law, and 
 present governor of 
 Ohio. His boyhood 
 days were passed in 
 close intimacy with 
 his now distinguished 
 cousin, and the 
 friendship then formed has continued. When Mr. Mc- 
 Kinley visits Boston, he always makes Mr. Osborne's 
 handsome residence in Roxbury his headquarters. 
 Commissioner Osborne is very fond of travel, and has 
 varied and enlarged his experience by a sojourn in 
 Europe of several years. !\[r. Osborne was married in 
 Boston, .April 24, 1878, to Frances Clara, adopted daugh- 
 ter of Walter Hastings. Of this union five children 
 were born, four girls and a boy. 
 
200 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IN Oliver M. Wentworth, president of the Massachusetts 
 Charitable Mechanic Association, is found another 
 instance where energy and brains ha\e won for a poor 
 country lad, who came to the city, an enviable position 
 in the Vjusiness and social world. He has scaled the 
 heights of fortune unaided by aught save his own sturdy 
 courage and native ability, which, su])plemented by a 
 wonderful capacity for work, has enabled him to main- 
 tain a steady advance, w-here others have faltered and 
 many have failed. 
 Mr. Wentworth is 
 very active, and, as 
 president of the Me- 
 chanic Association, 
 he is an indefatigable 
 worker. His honors 
 have come to him 
 unsought, for he has 
 been too busy a man 
 to seek them. H e 
 was born in Kenne- 
 bunk, Me., June 25, 
 1833, and the early 
 years of his life were 
 spent on the farm. It 
 was here, probably, 
 that he formed those 
 habits of industry 
 and prudence which 
 were prime factors 
 in his s ubsequen t 
 success. His educa- 
 tion was such as 
 could be obtained in 
 a country town, but 
 having a studious and 
 inquiring mind, he 
 was enabled to make 
 good use of his lim- 
 ited scholastic oppor- 
 tunities ; better, in fact, than many who have had greater 
 advantages. At the age of seventeen, he came to Bos- 
 ton and took up the marble trade with a firm in Haver- 
 hill Street. Three years later, when but twenty years 
 old, he began business on his own account at No. 81 
 Haverhill Street. His start was an extremely modest 
 one. In fact, Mr. Wentworth has confided to his friends 
 that it was made without a dollar of capital. But hard 
 work and perseverance triumphed, and his business 
 
 OLIVER M. WENTWORTH 
 
 steadily developed, necessitating periodical enlargements 
 of quarters and resulting, in 1869, in the purchase of 
 the property, corner of Haverhill, Travers and Beverly 
 streets, where he erected a fine five-story building, one 
 hundred forty feet in length, and forty-eight feet in 
 width, and the first floor of which he himself occupies. 
 In recent years, Mr. Wentworth has confined his marble 
 and granite business to monumental and tablet work. 
 Since 1869, Mr. Wentworth has engaged in many outside 
 
 enterprises, the prin- 
 cipal of which has 
 been building. He 
 has erected many 
 fine structures, 
 among them being 
 apartment houses, 
 notably the "AVent- 
 worth," "Lemburg," 
 " Marburg," " Stras- 
 burg," " Heidelburg" 
 and the " Luxem- 
 burg." He has also 
 erected buildings in 
 Medford, Cambridge 
 and other of Boston's 
 suburbs. Although 
 immersed in the busy 
 activity of commer- 
 cial life, Mr. Went- 
 worth has yet found 
 time to interest him- 
 self to a considerable 
 extent i n religious 
 and charitable work. 
 He has been presi- 
 dent of many charita- 
 ble and religious so- 
 cieties, and for the 
 past fourteen years 
 has officiated as su- 
 perintendent of the Warren Avenue Baptist Sabbath 
 School. He was at one time assistant superintendent at 
 Tremont Temple. Mr. Wentworth has been a member 
 of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association 
 for twelve years, on the Executive Committee, was vice- 
 president three years, and has been president two years. 
 Mr. Wentworth's busy and successful life is a shining 
 illustration of what can be accomplished by steady, 
 resistless effort and imtiring industry. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 20I 
 
 JOHN SHEPARD, one of the most enterprising of 
 Boston's business men, and head of the dry goods 
 firm of Shepard, Norwell & Co., was born at Canton, 
 Mass., March 20, 1834. Educated in the public schools 
 of Pawtucket, R. I., and at evening schools in Boston, 
 Mr. Shepard showed business ability at an early age, 
 which became more apparent as he gained experience, 
 and opportunities presented themselves. His life has 
 been one of great achievement, of success where others 
 failed, and the many 
 organizations and 
 companies with 
 which he has been 
 connected from time 
 to time have all prof- 
 ited by his ability. 
 In 1 845 he was a 
 clerk in the drug 
 store of J. W. Snow, 
 Boston, and two 
 years later entered 
 the dry goods estab- 
 lishment of J. \. 
 Jones. He soon 
 mastered all the de- 
 tails of the business, 
 and in 1853 opened 
 a store of his own, 
 under the name of 
 John Shepard & Co. 
 k keen business man, 
 he was successful 
 from the start, and 
 in 1861 bought out 
 Bell, Thing & Co., 
 of T r e m o n t Row, 
 which he continued 
 until 1865, under the 
 name of Farley & 
 Shepard. When the 
 
 first store was opened on Winter Street, Mr. Shepard 
 saw that that was soon to become one of the principal 
 business thoroughfares, and he decided to make a 
 change. He chose as his associates, Henry Norwell, 
 at one time in the service of Hogg, Brown & Taylor, 
 and T. C. Brown, salesman for Jordan, Marsh & 
 Co., and in January, 1865, they opened the store on 
 Winter Street under the name of Shepard, Norwell & 
 Co. Mr. Brown retired from the firm soon after, and 
 
 JOHN SHEPARD 
 
 Robert Ferguson, of K. T. Stewart & Co., of New York, 
 took his place. Mr. Shepard is a director of the Lin- 
 coln Bank, and was one of the original projectors of 
 the Connecticut River Paper Company, and president 
 of the Bernstein Electric Company. Mr. Shepard is an 
 ardent lover of fast horses, and has owned a number 
 that have become record breakers all over the world. 
 In the sixties, his physician having recommended driv- 
 ing as a recreation, lie first became interested in horses. 
 
 He bought the best 
 that money could 
 buy, and his Old 
 Trot was well known 
 to horsemen. H e 
 sold Aldine to W. 
 H. Vanderbilt for 
 fifteen thousand dol- 
 lars, when as a mate 
 to Maud S. the team 
 made a mile in 2.1 5.J, 
 He also owned Dick 
 Swiveller, which he 
 sold to Frank \\'orth 
 for twelve thousand 
 dollars. His Mill 
 Boy and Blondine 
 became famous in 
 1 88 1, by making a 
 mile in 2.22, at that 
 time the fastest team 
 record in the world. 
 In January, 1856, 
 Mr. Shepard married 
 Susan \., daughter 
 of Perkins H. and 
 Charlotte B a g 1 e y. 
 They had two chil- 
 dren, John Shepard, 
 Jr., and Jessie Wat- 
 son (now Mrs. Wil- 
 liam G. Titcomb). Mr. Shepard resides on Beacon 
 Street and has a beautiful summer residence, " Edge- 
 water," at Phillips Beach, Swampscott. His present wife 
 is Mary J., daughter of H. A. and Mary I. (Titcomb) 
 Ingraham, of Newburyport. Mr. Shepard is a member of 
 the Boston Merchants' .Association, and for many years has 
 been active and prominent in various other organizations 
 of business men. He is also interested in numerous 
 enterprises besides the great one of which he is the head. 
 
202 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS Oh TO-DAY. 
 
 HENRY HARRISON SPRAGUE, son of Ceorge 
 and Nancy (Knight) Sprague, was born in Athol, 
 Mass., Aug. I, 1 84 1. After fitting for college in imblic 
 and private schools he entered Harvard College, and 
 was graduated in the class of 1864. After private 
 teaching in 1865, he entered the Harvard I, aw School, 
 at the same time being a proctor of the college. In 
 1890 he was elected a member of the board of overseers 
 for six years. In 1866 he entered the law office of 
 Henry W. Paine .and 
 Robert D. Smith, in 
 Boston, and in 1868 
 was admitted to the 
 Suffolk bar, and 
 began the practice of 
 law in Boston, where 
 he has since prac- 
 tised and resided. 
 He served in the 
 Boston C o m m o n 
 Council in 1874, 
 1875, and I 8 7 6 . 
 Since 1875, with the 
 exception of about 
 a year, he has been 
 a trustee of the City 
 Hospital, and secre- 
 t a r y of the board 
 since 1878. He was 
 a member of the 
 Massachusetts House 
 of Representatives in 
 1881,1882, and 1883, 
 and a member of the 
 Senate in 1888, 1889, 
 1890, and 1 89 1. In 
 both branches he 
 served upon the lead- 
 ing committees. In 
 1888, as chairman of 
 
 the committee on election laws, he drafted and intro- 
 duced the new ballot act. In 1890 and 1891 he was 
 president of the Senate. He has been recently ap- 
 pointed chairman of the commission to revise the State 
 election laws. He was in 1884 a member of the execu- 
 tive committee of the Municipal Reform Association, 
 and its senior counsel to secure legislative amendments 
 to the charter of Boston, by which the executive author- 
 ity of the city was concentrated in the mayor. In 1867 
 
 HENRY H, SPRAGUE 
 
 he was active in're-establishing the Boston Young Men's 
 Christian llnion, and has since been a member of the 
 board of government, its secretary from 1867 to 1879, 
 and subsequently vice-president. In 1880 he as- 
 sisted in organizing the Boston Civil Service Reform 
 Association, the first or one of the first organizations 
 effected in this country to advocate that reform, and 
 was on the executive committee until 1889, when he 
 was elected president, which office he still holds. He 
 
 has been since 1879 
 one of the trustees 
 of the Boston Lying- 
 in Hospital, and re- 
 cently one of the 
 executive commit- 
 tee ; secretary, since 
 1883, of the Massa- 
 chusetts Charitable 
 Fire Society ; i s a 
 member of the New 
 England H i st o r i c 
 Genealogical Society, 
 the Bostonian Soci- 
 ety, the Bar Associa- 
 tion, the Harxard Law 
 School Association, 
 the general commit- 
 tee of the Citizens' 
 Association of Bos- 
 ton ; and has been a 
 manager of the 
 Gwynne Home, and 
 one of the " Com- 
 mittee of Fifty " of 
 the Museum for Fine 
 Arts. He is a trus- 
 tee and treasurer of 
 the Women's Educa- 
 tional and Industrial 
 Union, and is a mem- 
 ber of various social organizations. In 1884 he pub- 
 lished " Women Under the Law of Massachusetts ; 
 Their Rights, Privileges, and Disabilities"; in 1890,3 
 pamphlet, entitled " City (lovernment in Boston ; Its 
 Rise and Develojjment," and he has recently compiled 
 for its one hundredth anniversary an historical sketch 
 of the Massachusetts Historical Fire Society. On the 
 problems of municipal government, Mr. Sprague is con- 
 sidered one of the leading authorities in Massachusetts. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 203 
 
 JAMES J. GRACE easily takes a foremost place 
 among Boston's progressive business men. To 
 his enterprise the city is indebted for many of her 
 most substantial and beautiful buildings, notably the 
 elegant "Grace Building," which is such an ornament to 
 southern Washington Street, and that splendid specimen 
 of Moorish architecture, the Columbia Theatre, which is 
 not only among the most l)eautiful but is also one of the 
 best appointed and equipijed among American play- 
 houses. In the erec- 
 tion of the Columbia 
 a remarkable feat in 
 b u i Id i n g was per- 
 formed. The work 
 was begun March 14, 
 1 89 1, and in less 
 than seven months 
 the whole building 
 was completed and 
 ready for the first per- 
 formance. This was 
 given Oct. 5, 1891, 
 when the theatre was 
 opened with " Men 
 and Women." Since 
 then only high-class 
 drama has held the 
 boards. In decora- 
 tions and finish the 
 Columbia is entirely 
 original, among 
 the advantages of 
 its arrangements 
 being the fact that 
 there is not a seat in 
 the house that does 
 not command a view 
 of the whole stage. 
 The balconies are 
 built on Boucicault's 
 
 principle of "striking a straight line from the top row in 
 each balcony to a point on the stage in front of the foot- 
 lights, and you have a perfect point of vision for every- 
 body." The impression received upon entering the 
 audi.torium is that of being in the courtyard of a Moor- 
 ish palace, and looking into the great entrance to the 
 palace, formed by the proscenium arch, the windows 
 being represented by the boxes and loges on either 
 hand. The general effect of the decoration is that of 
 
 JAMES J. GRACE 
 
 old ivory. Loges, seating from sixteen to twenty per- 
 sons, and so arranged that every one can see equally 
 well, take the place of the conventional box on the 
 balcony level. Of the two magnificent drop curtains, 
 one representing the " Ruins of Alhambra," and the 
 other the " Surrender of Granada," the former was sug- 
 gested by Mr. Grace's son Pierce. Under the manage- 
 ment of Messrs. Rich, Harris & Frohman the prosperity 
 of this house has been phenomenal. Mr. Grace is one 
 
 of Boston's heaviest 
 real estate owners. 
 He was born at St. 
 John's, Newfound- 
 land, June I, 1839. 
 He comes of titled 
 Irish stock, whose 
 home for centuries 
 was at Callan, Kil- 
 kenny, and among 
 his ancestors were 
 the famous Earls of 
 Ormand. Mr. Grace 
 obtained his educa- 
 tion in the schools of 
 St. John's, and at the 
 age of twenty-six he 
 came to Boston, 
 where he entered 
 upon a mercantile 
 career. In 1867 he 
 started in the mil- 
 Hnery business for 
 ^j. himself, in Washing- 
 
 I* tonStreet,and 
 
 \ remained there until 
 
 \ '^^^■■i " '^'^ store wa? burned 
 
 down. He then 
 opened another mil- 
 linery store on Tem- 
 ple Place, where he 
 was one of the mercantile pioneers. He is a direct 
 importer of the finest millinery goods from the most 
 celebrated houses in London and Paris, and now main- 
 tains two extensive establishments, " La Mode," at No. 
 26 Temple Place, and "The Bouquet," at No. 134 Tre- 
 mont Street, employing seventy-five skilled assistants. 
 He is a prominent and active member of the Catholic 
 LTnion, and a life member of the Young Men's Catholic 
 Association of Boston. 
 
204 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 CHARLES G. FALL, son of (iersliom L.and Rowena 
 P. (Moody) Fall, was born in Maiden, Mass., 
 June 2 2, 1S45. His early education was received at 
 Hathaway's School, in Medford ; he was fitted for col- 
 lege at Phillips (Exeter) Academy; and was graduated 
 at Harvard College in the class of 186S. He early 
 developed a taste for public speaking, and while at 
 school won several medals, and several prizes while in 
 college. He studied law in P.oston with Judge William 
 A. Richardson, was 
 admitted to the Suf- 
 folk bar in July, 1869, 
 and practised law in 
 St. I,ouis, Mo., for a 
 year. Returning to 
 Boston in 1870, he 
 took an office there 
 (meanwhile attend- 
 ing the Harvard Law 
 School and gradu- 
 ating in the class of 
 1S71 ), and for many 
 years has had a large 
 and lucrative prac- 
 tice. Soon after 
 leaving college he 
 became interested in 
 public matters, and, 
 though never a can- 
 didate for public 
 office, he was, in sev- -^ 
 
 eral State and presi- 
 dential elections, an 
 earnest worker and 
 an effective cam- 
 paign speaker. In 
 politics he has always 
 been Republican. 
 During his earlier 
 years at the bar he 
 
 was also interested in philanthropic measures, and strove 
 to ameliorate the condition of the insane by improving 
 the condition of hospitals and by legislation to prevent 
 their unjust imprisonment. He also sought to better 
 the condition of the working classes by shorter hours of 
 lal)or, higher wages, greater freedom of contract and 
 better security for life and limb. His efforts in this 
 (lirection have been untiring, well directed and fruitful. 
 'I'o avoid the strikes and lockouts, which for a quarter of 
 
 \ 
 
 CHARLES G. FALL 
 
 a century had been the method of warfare used by 
 employers and emjiloyees, at the request of all the 
 State organizations of labor, he drew and advocated the 
 act creating (in 1886) the State Board of Arbitration and 
 Conciliation, which has proved such an effective remedy. 
 For many years he advocated, by writing and speaking, 
 especially before legislative and political committees, 
 measures to make the lives of workmen, particularly 
 railroad employees, more secure; and in 1883 he wrote, 
 
 for the Labor Bureau, 
 the report on em- 
 ployers' liability for 
 , personal injury to 
 
 their employees, 
 containing an anal- 
 ysis of the existing 
 law, its injustice, the 
 objections to the 
 legal rule compelling 
 workmen to assume 
 the risks of their 
 employment, and a 
 discussion of the rea- 
 sons for and against 
 its change. He is 
 the father of the 
 Employers' Liability 
 Act of 1887. As an 
 outspoken ad\ocate 
 of the rights of labor, 
 Mr. Fall stands pre- 
 eminent, and his ser- 
 i; vices have been all 
 
 the more valuable, 
 inasmuch as his ar- 
 guments, while em- 
 phasizing the duty of 
 employer to em- 
 ployed, were directed 
 towards a m u t u al 
 recognition of that to which each class was entitled. 
 He has likewise published two volumes of poetry, one 
 entitled " Dreams " (1883), and another called " .•X Vil- 
 lage Sketch" (1886). Both volumes were favorably 
 received by the critics and by the public. In 1887 
 he married Emily B. Fabian. They have one son. !\Ir. 
 Fall's residence is in Boston, and he is a member of the 
 Boston Bar Association, the Algonquin, Exchange and 
 other social clubs. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 205 
 
 IN the long line of brilliant men of Irish birth and 
 American adoption who have enriched our litera- 
 ture and helped to elevate the standard of public life, 
 James Jeffrey Roche, the scholarly poet of Boston, who 
 guides the literary destinies of the Pilot, merits place. 
 To step into the jiosition made vacant by the too early 
 demise of the patriotic and gifted John Boyle O'Reilly, 
 was an undertaking which was modestly assumed by 
 Mr. Roche, but the sequel has shown that though taken 
 with trepidation, 
 there has been no 
 occasion to regret a 
 step that has been 
 gratifying alike to 
 all concerned. Mr. 
 Roche is one of the 
 rising literary men 
 of America. He is 
 a forceful writer, an 
 able speaker, a n d 
 his sunny tempera- 
 ment makes friends 
 of all w ho come 
 within range of his 
 magnetic personality. 
 His talents are fre- 
 quently le\ied upon 
 on public occasions, 
 where his eloquence 
 and resource invaria- 
 lilv i>rove attractive 
 and interesting. 
 James Jeffrey Roche 
 was born at Mount- 
 m e 1 1 i c k , Queen's 
 County, Ireland, 
 May 31, 1847. His 
 parents emigrated 
 in the same year 
 to l^rince Edward 
 
 Island, where he was educated, first by his father, 
 Edward Roche, an accomplished scholar, and after- 
 wards at St. Dunstan's College, Charlottetown. Among 
 his classmates at the latter institution were the present 
 Chief Justice Sullivan, of Prince Edward Island, and 
 Archbishop O'Brien, of Halifax, N. S. After leaving 
 college Mr. Roche came to the United States in May, 
 1866, and engaged in commercial pursuits for seven- 
 teen years ; at the same time he dabbled in literature, 
 
 JAMES JEFFREY ROCHE 
 
 writing for various news])apers and magazines, notably 
 the Boston Pilot. In June, 1883, he was offered by his 
 friend, John Boyle O'Reilly, the position of assistant 
 editor on the /'//('/, which he accepted, and held until 
 the death of his chief, in .i^ugust, 1S90, when he became 
 the principal editor. In 1884 he was elected secretary 
 of the famous Papyrus Club of Boston, holding the 
 office for five consecutixe years, and being chosen presi- 
 dent of the club in 1890. His published works are a 
 
 volume of jj o e m s , 
 " Songs and Satires " 
 (Ticknor & Co., 
 1886); "Life of 
 John Boyle O'Reilly" 
 (Casse 1 1 & Co . , 
 1890) ; "Story of the 
 Filibusters" ('P. 
 Fisher Unwin, Lon- 
 don, and Macmillan 
 & Co., New' York, 
 1891). The Llniver- 
 sity of Notre Dame, 
 Indiana, conferred 
 the degree of LL. D. 
 on him last vear. He 
 is a brother of the 
 late John Roche, pay 
 clerk in the I'nited 
 Slates Na\y, who 
 ])erished heroically 
 in the Samoan dis- 
 aster of March, 1889. 
 Mr. Roche was the 
 |)oet of the occasion 
 on the unveiling of 
 the "higlr- water 
 mark monument" at 
 the national dedica- 
 tion on the field of 
 (iettysburg, June 2, 
 1892, OR which occasion his effort was worthy of the 
 high theme that inspired him. In the poetry of patriot- 
 ism and humanity he exhibits his highest development. 
 Mr. Roche was also the poet on the occasion of the 
 celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary 
 of the founding of \Voburn, Mass., on October 6, 1892. 
 His poem in commemoration of this notable event was 
 remarkably fine and vigorous, and takes rank with the 
 best productions, of this character, in .American literature. 
 
2o6 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 L EVERETT SAI.TONSTAI,L comes of a family 
 which has been identified with the affairs of this 
 coimtry since 1630, and whose members have all been 
 remarkable for the tenacity with which they have held 
 to their opinions, even when in the minority and often 
 in personal danger. Sir Richard Saltonstall, of Hunt- 
 wick, knight, lord of the manor of I eadsham, near 
 Leeds, first-named associate under the Massachusetts 
 charter, came to this country in 1630 in the "Arabella " 
 with Governor Win- 
 throp, and began the 
 settlement of Water- 
 town. He was an 
 original patentee of 
 Connecticut. H i s 
 son Richard, who 
 came here with him, 
 settled in Ipswich in 
 1635. Richard Sal- 
 tonstall ' was a man 
 of great strength of 
 character, and when 
 Winthrop and others 
 proposed to establish 
 an executive council, 
 with hereditary rights, 
 he opposed the idea 
 so strongly that it 
 was given up, al- 
 though, had such a 
 council been estab- 
 lished, Saltonstall 
 would have been one 
 of the men to receive 
 the greatest advan- 
 tages from it. Na- 
 thaniel, son of Rich- 
 ard, appointed one 
 of the judges in 1692 
 to try the witches, left 
 
 the court and courageously refused to have anything to 
 do with the business. Mr. Saltonstall was born in Salem, 
 Mass., March 16, 1825. His father, Leverett Saltonstall, 
 was an eminent advocate of Salem, speaker of the House 
 of Representatives, president of the State Senate, and 
 a member of Congress, respected and beloved for his 
 great i|ualities of mind and heart. Mr. Saltonstall pre- 
 pared for matriculation at the Salem Latin School, then 
 entered Harvard, and graduated in 1844. He studied 
 
 LEVERETT SALTONSTALL 
 
 at the Harvard Law School, graduated in 1847 with the 
 degrees of A. M. and LL. B., was admitted to the 
 Suffolk bar, and practised until 1862. Mr. Saltonstall 
 is a man of wide culture, and has been many times 
 asked to assume positions of trust, which, although 
 requiring much labor and time, have been mostly of 
 a gratuitous nature. When Mr. Cleveland was elected 
 President in 1884 he appointed Mr. Saltonstall collector 
 of the port of Boston, which position he held until 
 
 February, 1890. A 
 member of the Board 
 of Overseers of Har- 
 vard College from 
 1876 to 1888, Mr- 
 Saltonstall was 
 elected to fill another 
 term in 1889. He 
 is an active member 
 of the Massachusetts 
 Historical Society, 
 and also of the New 
 England Historic 
 (lenealogical Society 
 and the Bostonian 
 Society. He is a 
 member of the Board 
 of Trustees of the old 
 Massachusetts Soci- 
 ety for Promoting 
 Agriculture, and is 
 identified with a num- 
 ber of associations of 
 a like character. He 
 was for two years 
 president of the Uni- 
 tarian Club. In 1854 
 Mr. Saltonstall was 
 appointed to the staff 
 of Governor Emery 
 Washburn, receiving 
 the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and in 1876 he was a 
 commissioner from Massachusetts to the Centennial 
 Exposition at Philadelphia. Mr. Saltonstall was married 
 at .Salem to Rose S., daughter of John Clark and 
 Harriet Lee. They had six children : Leverett 
 (died, 1863), Richard Middlecott, Rose Lee (Mrs. 
 Dr. (leorge West, deceased), Philip Leverett, Mary 
 E. (Mrs. Louis A. Shaw) and Endicott Peabody Sal- 
 tonstall, 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 207 
 
 IDENTIFIED for nearly half a century with the pub- 
 lic life of New England, the veteran lawyer and 
 statesman, Ambrose A. Ranney, has made a career that 
 in its every phase and detail has been beyond danger 
 of assailment. Only a summary of it is possible here. 
 Ambrose Atwood Ranney, son of Waitstill R. and 
 Phoebe (Atwood) Ranney, was born in Townshend, 
 Windham County, Vt., April 16, 1821. He prepared 
 for college at the Townshend Academy, and was gradu- 
 ated from Dartmouth 
 College in the class 
 of 1844. H is lif e ' 
 
 was spent on the 
 home farm until he 
 was nineteen years 
 of age. His father 
 was the leading phy- 
 sician of his native 
 place, and was for 
 two years lieutenant- 
 governor of Vermont. 
 .\fter graduation he 
 studied law with 
 Hon. Andrew Tracy, 
 in Woodstock, Vt., 
 and was admitted to 
 the bar in Vermont 
 in 1847. He imme- 
 diately remo\ed to 
 Boston, and was ad 
 mittetl to the Suffolk 
 bar in June, 184S. 
 Mr. Ranney was 
 married Dec. 4, 
 1850, to Maria D., 
 daughter of Addison 
 and Maria (Ingals) 
 Fletcher. Of this 
 union were four chil- 
 dren : Fletcher Ran- 
 ney, Maria P., Helen M. and Alice Ranney (now Mrs. 
 Thomas Allen). Mr. Ranney was city solicitor for 
 Boston in 1855 and 1856; member of the House of 
 Representatives in 1857, 1863 and 1864; elected to 
 Congress in iSSo, as a Republican from the third con- 
 gressional district ; was twice re-elected, serving through 
 the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth con- 
 gresses. He joined the Republican party at its organi- 
 zation, and has ever since remained an active worker in 
 
 AMBROSE A. RANNEY 
 
 its ranks. He served two terms in Congress on the 
 Committee on Elections, investigating frauds and ren- 
 dering valuable service in the interest of fair elections 
 and the integrity of the ballot-box, dealing, as has been 
 his wont at the bar, heavy blows in his condemnation of 
 frauds and infringements of the rights of citizens. 
 During the last term he was a member of the Judiciary 
 Committee, and was appointed at the head of a special 
 committee on the Republican side of the House to 
 
 investigate the fa- 
 mous Pan-Electric 
 scheme, invohing 
 the reputation and 
 conduct of high gov- 
 ernmental o ffi c i a 1 s 
 and exciting great 
 public interest. His 
 services on this com- 
 mittee are a matter 
 of honorable record. 
 His absorbing aim 
 and ambition was, 
 however, in the pro- 
 fession of the law. 
 In this, before enter 
 ing Congress, he had 
 achieved eminent 
 success. He had 
 been only a f e w 
 years at the bar when 
 the office of city 
 solicitor was c o n- 
 ferred upon him, and 
 his duties therein 
 were discharged with 
 entire satisfaction to 
 all. He had little 
 taste for politics, and 
 political honors have 
 at all times been 
 thrust upon him, rather than sought for. But during 
 his legislative service, both State and national, he won 
 the respect and esteem of all parties, and impressed the 
 public generally by his manly bearing, his fidelity to 
 duty, and his ability as a lawyer and legislator. While 
 his return to private life and his chosen profession has 
 been more congenial to him, his los-s to the public ser- 
 vice was the cause of deep regret among all who know 
 him and appreciate his merits. 
 
208 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 O^VEN A. GALVIN, lawyer, is well known in profes- 
 sional and political circles in Boston, where he 
 was born on June 21, 1852, being the son of Patrick and 
 Mary (Hughes) dalvin. His early education was 
 gained in the public schools of his native city, and 
 deciding to take up the legal profession after his gradu- 
 ation from the public schools, he entered the office of 
 Hon. Charles F. Donnelly, and then the Boston Univer- 
 sity Law School, and was graduated in 1876. He was 
 admitted to the bar 
 Feb. 29 of that year, 
 and began the prac- 
 tice of law in Boston 
 in 1881, having in 
 t h e meantime a c - 
 quired in the office 
 of Mr. Donnelly a 
 varied experience in 
 the intricacies of civil 
 law and its applica- 
 t i o n to c o ni p le X 
 cases. His interest 
 in politics developed 
 early, and he has 
 been a counsellor in 
 the Democratic party 
 since the seventies. 
 In 1879 he was made 
 a member of the 
 D em oc r a t i c City 
 Committee, and was 
 re-elected in 1880, 
 1881 and 1882. In 
 the two latter years 
 lie served as vice- 
 president of that 
 body, and has been 
 a member se\eral 
 times since. In 1881 
 he was elected to the 
 
 lower branch of the General Court, where in that term 
 he served on the committees on education and consti- 
 tutional amendments. After this one term in the House 
 his constituents sent him, in 1882, to the State Senate, 
 and in 1883 and 1884 he was handsomely re-elected. 
 In 1884 he received the entire vote of the Democratic 
 members for the position of president of the Senate. 
 The important committees upon which he served in the 
 Senate were those on liquor law, labor, education, judi- 
 
 OWEN A, GALVIN 
 
 ciary and election laws. He also served on a special 
 committee appointed to visit penal and charitable insti- 
 tutions, and on the report of this committee the reform- 
 atory prison at Concord and the Homoeopathic Hospital 
 for the Insane were e.stablished. By Hon. George M. 
 Stearns, in July, 1 886, he was appointed assistant United 
 States district attorney, and when, in September, 1887, 
 Mr. Stearns resigned the office, Mr. Galvin was appointed 
 to succeed him, the appointment made during recess 
 
 being afterwards con- 
 firmed by the Senate. 
 In this position Mr. 
 Galvin was eminently 
 successful, conduct- 
 ing the affairs of the 
 office with discretion 
 and ability. He re- 
 signed his office in 
 October, 1889, the 
 resignation not being 
 accepted until May, 
 1890. In the Boston 
 Democratic mayor- 
 alty convention of 
 1889 Mr. Galvin was 
 nominated for t h e 
 office of mayor, but 
 was defeated at the 
 polls by Thomas N. 
 Hart. In 1891 he 
 was appointed b y 
 ( iovernor William E. 
 Russell to the Charles 
 River Improvement 
 Commission, and his 
 associates on that 
 board honored him 
 by making him their 
 chairman. Mr. Gal- 
 vin is prominently 
 identified with the Massachusetts Catholic Order of 
 Foresters, and in 1882-83 "'''^^ high chief ranger for 
 Massachusetts. He was re-elected in 1891 and 1892. 
 In the latter year Mr. Galvin was a prominent candidate 
 for mayor before the Democratic convention which nomi- 
 nated Nathan Matthews, Jr. Mr. Galvin was married in 
 Boston, July 3, 1879, to Jennie T., daughter of Timothy 
 K. and Ellen (O'DriscoU) Sullivan. Their children are : 
 Stephen P., Augustus H. and Frederick S. Galvin. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 209 
 
 THE largest playhouse in Boston, and for many years 
 the largest in the country, is the Boston Theatre, 
 whose business agent is Henry A. M'Glenen. For more 
 than forty years Bostonians have known him only as 
 "Harry M'Glenen," a name that is familiar to every 
 play-goer and to every business man in the city. His 
 circle of acquaintance is large, embracing most of the 
 prominent and not a few of the humblest citizens of 
 the city and of New England, and yet comparatively 
 few know much of 
 his interesting h i s - 
 tory, so quietly, so 
 unostentatiously, and 
 so modestly has he 
 pursued his chosen 
 pathway in life. Mr. 
 M'Glenen was born 
 in Baltimore, Md., 
 Nov. 28, 1826. He 
 attended the public 
 schools, and at the 
 age of twelve years 
 entered a printing- 
 office in his native 
 city, and served an 
 apprenticeship a s a 
 compositor. He was 
 afterward a student 
 in St. Mary's College, 
 Baltimore, where he 
 worked in the print- 
 ing-office established 
 by the faculty. I n 
 1845, without pre- 
 meditation, and with 
 no definite object in 
 view, he started for 
 Boston, and landed 
 here with scanty bag- 
 gage and a cash capi- 
 tal of six cents. He obtained, in the composing-room 
 of the Daily Advertiser, a regular situation, which he re- 
 signed in 1846, to enlist in the Mexican War. While in 
 Matamoras, Mr. M'Glenen worked on the Aincriian 
 Flag, a semi-weekly newspaper published to enliven the 
 tedium of camp life. Returning to Boston in 1848, he 
 became, in 1850, a reporter on the Boston Herald. He 
 then went to the Daily Mail, and after a year or two in 
 other offices he took charge of the Times job office. He 
 
 HENRY A. M'GLENEN 
 
 managed the business of Dan Rice's circus in Boston so 
 successfully that it brought him much work from others. 
 For two seasons he had charge of the business of the 
 Marsh children at the Howard Athenreum, after which 
 he was connected with several companies. In 1857 he 
 was presented with a handsome souvenir for the manner 
 in which he managed a concert given by the band of 
 the National Ckiard of New York, which was here on a 
 visit. About this time the people's promenade con- 
 certs, given at Music 
 Hall, were very 
 popular, a n d M r . 
 M'Glenen was inter- 
 ested in them with 
 Patrick S. Gilmore. 
 When Wyzeman 
 Marshall had leases 
 of the Howard Athe- 
 naeum and the Bos- 
 t o n Theatre, M r . 
 M'Glenen looked 
 after h i s interests, 
 and later he d i d 
 much work for M r . 
 Jarrett, who had the 
 Boston. In 1866 
 Mr. M'Glenen gave 
 up the printing busi- 
 ness and took charge 
 of the concert tour 
 of Parepa Rosa. In 
 1867 he took the 
 Mendelssohn Quin- 
 tette Club on a West- 
 ern tour, and in 1 868 
 became b u s'i n e s s 
 manager of Selwyn's 
 Theatre, afterwards 
 the Globe. In the 
 the great Peace Jubi- 
 lee of 1869 he had a leading part in the arrangements, 
 and its success was in no small degree due to his efforts. 
 In 1 87 1 he became business agent of the Boston Thea- 
 tre, the position which he still holds. He has had more 
 benefits than almost any other man in the dramatic 
 business, and every one of them has been a great musical 
 or dramatic and social event of the year in which it has 
 occurred. Mr. M'Glenen was married in 1849 to Miss 
 Caroline M. Bruce, of Boston. They have two sons. 
 
iio 
 
 Massachusetts ot to-Day. 
 
 FREDERICK AUGUSTUS GILBERT is one of 
 the best-known and most successful managers 
 of electric-lighting enterprises in the country. Early 
 recognizing the future value and importance of electric 
 lighting as a legitimate commercial industry, he has 
 become largely interested in the ownership and identi- 
 fied with the management of successful companies in 
 New Haven and Bridgeport, Conn., Newport, R. I., 
 Boston, Mass., and Portland, Me. He was born in 
 H a m d e n , Conn., 
 April 2g, 1847. He 
 lived on his father's 
 farm until he was 
 eleven years of age, 
 when, with his fath- 
 er's family, he re- 
 moved to N e w 
 Haven. He at- 
 tended its common 
 schools until he was 
 fourteen years old, 
 and then began his 
 business career as a 
 clerk in a local store. 
 When nineteen years 
 of age he had suc- 
 ceeded in saving out 
 of his small salary a 
 sufficient amount to 
 enable him to go 
 to the oil regions of 
 Pennsylvania, and 
 engage in specula- 
 tion in the oil and 
 land leases. Having 
 made a little money 
 here, he returned to 
 New Haven, and be- 
 came a clerk in the 
 house-d e c o r a t i n g 
 
 business. Just before he was twenty-one he bought out 
 the proprietor, paying him, in part, with money bor- 
 rowed for the pur])ose. He was successful in the prose- 
 cution of this business and remained in it until 1886. 
 Meantime, the business of commercial electric lighting 
 had been started. A company was organized in New 
 Haven in 1882, in which Mr. Gilbert became a stock- 
 holder but not a director. In less than a year the com- 
 pany had become hopelessly insolvent, and was sold out 
 
 FREDERICK A. GILBERT 
 
 for a small amount over its indebtedness. The con- 
 trolling interest in the company was purchased by Mr. 
 Gilbert and a few friends, and he became the president 
 of the corporation. Since then he has become con- 
 nected, in the same way, with the electric-lighting 
 industry in the other cities above named. In every 
 case the companies had been losing money prior to his 
 connection with them, and in every case he and his 
 friends have i)ut them upon a dividend-paying basis, at 
 
 the same time en- 
 larging their prop- 
 erty and improving 
 their service. In 
 1886 Mr. Gilbert 
 secured the control 
 of an electric-light- 
 ing company in Bos- 
 ton. Since then it 
 has been consoli- 
 dated with three 
 other companies, 
 under the name of 
 the Boston F^lectric 
 Light Company, 
 which now does a 
 flourishing business 
 on a capital of up- 
 wards of $1,300,000. 
 Mr. Gilbert has al- 
 ways been the presi- 
 d e n t and general 
 manager of this cor- 
 jjoration, and devotes 
 himself principally to 
 its affairs. The com- 
 bined capital of the 
 electric-lighting en- 
 terprises in which he 
 is engaged is nearly 
 $3,000,000. He is 
 president of four companies and vice-president of one. 
 In 1889 the principal electric-lighting and some of the 
 gas companies of the State formed an association for 
 defensive jiurposes, under the name of the Massachu- 
 setts Electric Lighting Association, Mr. Gilbert being 
 chosen president. He has since been twice re-elected, 
 his special knowledge of the business pro\ing of great 
 value. Mr. Gilbert's family consists of a wife and three 
 children. He resides in Brookline. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 211 
 
 CHARLES A. HOPKINS, who represents the Mu- 
 tual Life Insurance Company of New York as its 
 general agent, with headquarters in Boston, was born in 
 Spencer, Tioga County, N. V., Sept. 5, 1841, and is the 
 son of Samuel A. and Helen (Carpenter) Hopkins. At 
 an early age he removed with his parents to Jersey City, 
 N. L, where he attended the famous IJickinson School. 
 At the outbreak of the W'ar of the Rebellion he was a clerk 
 in a wholesale dry goods house in New York, occupying 
 an excellent position 
 and with bright pros- 
 pects for the future. 
 These he relin- 
 quished to enter the 
 Union service as a 
 private in the Eighth 
 New York Militia. 
 Upon his return from 
 three months' ser- 
 vice, he was actively 
 engaged in recruit- 
 ing, and assisted in 
 the organization of 
 several regiments. 
 In August, 1862, he 
 became adjutant of 
 the Thirteenth New 
 Jersey, with which 
 regiment he was 
 identified until the 
 close of the war, 
 serving, however, for 
 a large portion of the 
 time, on the staff of 
 the ge n e ra 1 com- 
 manding the Twen- 
 tieth Corps. He 
 was brevetted major 
 for distinguished ser- 
 vices, was mustered 
 
 out in June, 1865, and in July entered the home office 
 of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York in 
 a subordinate capacity. His attention to the details of 
 the business, and his evident capacity for higher w-ork, 
 gained him rapid promotion, until he reached the post 
 of cashier, which position he retained until 1875, when 
 he was appointed general agent for Rhode Island, and 
 removed to Providence. In this new position he was 
 most successful. \Yhile in Rhode Island he represented 
 
 CHARLES A. HOPKINS 
 
 the city of Providence in the State Legislature for two 
 terms, and also served in the State militia as chief of 
 staff and inspector, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. 
 In January, 1888, Colonel Hopkins was transferred to 
 the Massachusetts agency, where the business of the 
 company has been largely increased by his methods and 
 energy. The insurance now carried by citizens of this 
 State in this one company amounts to nearly §40,000, 000, 
 the annual premium collections on which exceed 
 
 Si, 500,000, or about 
 double those of any 
 other company. 
 The business of the 
 agency is conducted 
 in handsome and 
 extensive efiices on 
 the second floor of 
 the company's own 
 fire-proof building 
 (recognized as one 
 of the finest architec- 
 tural ornaments of 
 the city), at No. 95 
 Milk Street, Boston. 
 Colonel Hopkins's 
 success as a life in- 
 surance manager is 
 mainlv owing to his 
 thorough familiarity 
 with the principles 
 of the business, and 
 to a close attention 
 to its details. He is 
 a director in the 
 Mercantile Loan and 
 Trust Company, a 
 trustee of the North- 
 field School for 
 Girls, and of the 
 Springfield Training 
 School; a director of the Boston Young Men's Christian 
 x\ssociation, and treasurer of the Andover House Asso- 
 ciation. Colonel Hopkins's wife was Sarah Louise Aus- 
 tin, daughter of \\'alter .\ustin, of Catskill, N. Y. They 
 have six children : Martha A., Louis L., Helen C, 
 Grace, Walter A. and Louise. Their home is in 
 Brookline, w-here Colonel Hopkins has recently 
 erected, on Aspinwall Hill, one of the finest houses 
 in the vicinity. 
 
2 I 2 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FREDERICK LOTHROP AMES, capitalist, rail- 
 road builder and director, was born in Easton, 
 Mass., on June 8, 1835, the son of Oliver and Sarah 
 (Lothrop) Ames. At Concord he received his early 
 education, and at Phillips Exeter he was fitted for col- 
 lege. He was graduated from Harvard in 1854, before 
 he was twenty years old. His tastes then were inclined 
 to the law, but in deference to his father's desire he 
 went into business. It was his father's wish that he 
 start at the bottom 
 of the ladder, and 
 he at once became a 
 a clerk in the great 
 .■\ m e s works at 
 North Easton. From 
 grade to grade, as 
 the rules of the es- 
 tablishment required, 
 he advanced, and 
 after se\eral years 
 he was placed in 
 charge of the ac- 
 countant's depart- 
 ment. Very early 
 he showed a marked 
 executive ability, and 
 when, in 1863, he 
 became a member of 
 the firm he was an 
 experienced business 
 man. Until 1876 
 the firm name was 
 Oliver Ames & Sons, 
 but in that year it 
 was reorganized as 
 the Oliver .^mes & 
 Sons Corporation, 
 with F. L. Ames as 
 treasurer, which is 
 his present position. 
 
 Early in his business career, Mr. Ames had become 
 interested in railroads, and when a young man was 
 a director in the Union Pacific, the Chicago & 
 Northwestern, Missouri Pacific and Texas Pacific rail- 
 roads. Gradually he diverted his attention from mer- 
 chandise to railroads, and to-day he is officially con- 
 nected with some seventy-five railroads, and is con- 
 ceded to be one of the best-informed men on all 
 matters pertaining to this branch of enterprise in the 
 
 country. To give a list of all the various corporations 
 with which Mr. Ames is connected as president, vice- 
 president or director, would occupy a large space. 
 Many of the monetary institutions of Boston claim a 
 part of his attention, and he is identified with several 
 charitable institutions. He is also a member of the 
 corporation of Harvard College. One of his diversions 
 is that of horticulture, and in this he is remarkably 
 skilled and well informed. His collection of orchids 
 
 at his palatial North 
 Easton home is the 
 finest in the United 
 States, 'and in his 
 greenhouses Mr. 
 Ames often spends 
 hours watching the 
 development of his 
 ideas in the cultiva- 
 t i o n of beautiful 
 flowers. He is also 
 a collector of rare 
 china, paintings and 
 tapestry, a n d p o s- 
 sesses some of the 
 finest specimens of 
 the handwork of 
 the past. His hold- 
 ings of real estate in 
 the city of Boston 
 are very large, and 
 one of the notable 
 buildings of the city 
 is the Ames building, 
 the tallest structure 
 in New England, sit- 
 uated at the corner 
 of Washington and 
 Court streets. This 
 is a monument of 
 size, strength and 
 architectural beauty. His winter home is on Common- 
 wealth Avenue, Boston, and his summer home at North 
 Easton. In i860 Mr. Ames was married to Rebecca 
 Blair, daughter of James Blair of St. Louis, who origi- 
 nally was a Virginian. They have five children : Helen 
 Angler, wife of Robert C. Hooper ; Oliver, 2d, Mary 
 Shreve, Lothrop and John Stanley. Mr. Ames is con- 
 sidered one of the most skilful, as he is certainly one of 
 the most successful, financiers in New England. 
 
 FREDERICK L. AMES 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 213 
 
 Y 
 
 EARS ago a Boston poet said of his native town : - 
 
 " Her threefold hill shall be 
 The home of art, the inirse of libertv," 
 
 and more than any other Hving man he has helped to fulfil 
 the prophecy. Oliver Wendell Holmes is an essential 
 part of Boston, like the crier who becomes so identified 
 with the court that it seems as if Justice must change 
 her quarters when he is gone. The Boston of Holmes, 
 distinct as his own 
 personality, is passing 
 away with the gen- 
 eration of a wit who 
 made a jest that his 
 State House was the 
 hub of the solar sys- 
 tem, and in his heart 
 believed it. But Dr. 
 Holmes does not live 
 in the past. His 
 
 youth was splendid, ^^^^^F ja^ 
 
 but his old age is ^^^^^" ""^ 
 
 glorious. He has 
 lived with the century 
 as it grew from the 
 age of nine to ninety- 
 three, and has held 
 his own with it. He 
 has grown in literary 
 strength with years. 
 And what a mar\el- 
 lous versatility of tal- 
 ent ! By virtue of 
 his apt response to 
 the instant call, and 
 of the wit, wisdom 
 and conviction, and 
 the scholarly polish 
 that re legate his 
 lightest productions 
 
 to the select domain of art, he is the Dean of American 
 " occasional " poets. A perfect phantasmagory of songs, 
 odes and rhymed addresses; poems on collegiate and 
 civic occasions ; tributes to princes, embassies, generals, 
 heroes; welcomes to novelists and poets; eulogies of 
 the dead; verses inaugural and dedicatory; stanzas 
 read at literary breakfasts. New England dinners, muni- 
 cipal and bucolic feasts ; odes natal, nuptial and mort- 
 uary ; metrical delectations offered to his brothers of 
 
 OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. 
 
 the medical craft, — to which he is so loyal, — bristling 
 with scorn of quackery and challenge to opposing sys- 
 tems ; not only equal to all occasions, but growing better 
 with their increase. A kind of special masterhood, an 
 indi\iduality, humor, touch, seems to have carried him 
 through all this, and much more besides, and to have 
 given him pre-eminence in a field the most arduous and 
 least attractive to a poet. But Dr. Holmes is more than 
 a poet, he is a philosopher, — a kind of attenuated Frank- 
 lin, viewing m e n 
 and things with less 
 robustness, perhaps, 
 but with keener dis- 
 tinction and insight. 
 Little is too high or 
 too low for his perti- 
 nent comment. His 
 maxims, in his writ- 
 ings and in his con- 
 versation, are so fre- 
 quent that it seems 
 as if he had jotted 
 them down from time 
 to time, and here 
 first brought them to 
 application. They 
 are apothegms of 
 common life and ac- 
 tion, often of mental 
 experience, strung 
 together by a device 
 so original as to 
 make his " Autocrat " 
 a novelty in litera- 
 ture. The last of 
 that great constella- 
 tion of writers who 
 gave to America its 
 first golden age of 
 letters. Dr. Holmes, 
 in his declining years, is in the serene enjoyment of the 
 fruits of a life that has led most melodious days. His 
 contemporaries are all gone, but his eldest son, an asso- 
 ciate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court, is 
 one of the honored judges of the State. Dr. Holmes 
 retired from general practice in 1849, and although 
 holding his professorship at Har\ard — he is now pro- 
 fessor emeritus — he has of late years devoted himself 
 wholly to the pursuit of letters. 
 
214 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ASHUMAN, one of Boston's great merchants, was 
 , born in Prussia, May 31, 1839, and came to this 
 country when but a child. The family settled in New- 
 burg, N. Y., where young Shuman worked on a farm, 
 when not at school, until he was thirteen years of age, 
 when he went into a clothing store. When but sixteen 
 years of age he started in the world to make a fortune, 
 and went to Providence, R. I. Not satisfied with the 
 scope afforded him in that city, he came to Roxbury. 
 This was in 1859. 
 He at once began a 
 business on the cor- 
 ner of Vernon and 
 Washington streets. 
 Mr. Shuman, though 
 of foreign liirth, is 
 intensely American, 
 and many institu- 
 tions are remem- 
 bered by him from 
 time to time i n a 
 practical manner. 
 The immense estab- 
 lishment at the cor- 
 ner of Washington 
 and Summer streets, 
 denominated the 
 " Shuman Corner," is 
 the result of his 
 business energy. It 
 exhibits an achieve- 
 ment of no ordinary 
 merit in the progress 
 of mer c a n til e im- 
 prove me n t . The 
 combined space o f 
 eight floors occupies 
 an area of over two 
 acres, and com])rises 
 a mammoth empo- 
 rium that has no superior in New England. With his 
 employees no one is more popular than Mr. Shuman. He 
 has arranged a system of purchasing homes for them, 
 and no employer in Boston has bought so many homes 
 for his help as he. He has loaned them money, 
 charging no interest, and allowing them to pay back 
 in small instalments. The appreciation of his many 
 kindnesses has been manifested by his employees again 
 and again in appropriate testimonials. As he has con- 
 
 A. SHUMAN 
 
 ducted his own business with care, prudence and integ- 
 rity, so has he conducted all offices of a public character 
 which have been thrust upon him from time to time. 
 Mr. Shuman was married, Nov. 3, 1861, to Miss Hetty 
 Lang ; they have three sons and four daughters. The 
 daughters are : Emma, married to .August Weil, of 
 Weil, Haskell & Co., New York ; Bessie, married to 
 Alexander Steinert, president of M. Steinert & Sons' 
 Pianoforte Company; Theresa and Lillian (1. Shuman. 
 
 The sons are Ed- 
 win A. and Sidney 
 E., who are in the 
 firm of A. Shuman & 
 Co., and George H. 
 Shuman. A Boston 
 journal says of Mr. 
 Shuman ; " With the 
 pluck that has 
 throughout d i s t i n - 
 guished him, a few 
 years after settling 
 here he opened 
 a store, which has 
 since developed t o 
 mammoth p r o p o r- 
 tions on Washington 
 Street, but he has 
 never left Roxbury. 
 He is proud of his 
 residence there, and 
 delights to think that 
 he has done much to 
 make it the credit- 
 able place it is to-day. 
 The business prem- 
 ises in Boston are 
 most colossal, but as 
 large as they are, the 
 firm is compelled to 
 hire other buildings 
 in the vicinity for the convenience of the help. Mr. 
 Shuman is first vice-president of the Boston Merchants' 
 Association, a leading member of the Board of Directors 
 of the Manufacturers National Bank, and is president 
 of the Board of Trustees of Boston's great City Hospital. 
 Few public occasions of importance pass without the 
 presence of Mr. Shuman, and his genial bearing makes 
 him iiHuh sought after in social as well as commercial 
 circles. He is essentially a self-made man." 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 215 
 
 CHARLES \\'Hri"rip;R, manufacturer of elevators 
 and machinery, and inventor, was born Nov. 26, 
 1829, in Vienna, Kennebec County, Me. He is the son 
 of John Brodhead and Lucy (Graham) Whittier. The 
 first of his ancestors in this Country was Thomas Whit- 
 tier, who came from EngLand in 1638, at the age of 
 si.xteen, in the ship " Confidence." Mr. Whittier's 
 education was obtained in the public schools of Rox- 
 bury, Mass., where he entered the Washington (Jrammar 
 School in 184 1, the 
 year in which it was 
 dedicated. At the 
 close of his school- 
 days he was appren- 
 ticed for three years 
 to learn the machin- 
 ist's trade with the 
 firm of Chubbuck & 
 Campbell, Roxbury, 
 of which the present 
 Whittier Machine 
 Company is the 
 lineal successor. He 
 has thus been in the 
 same business for 
 nearly fifty years. 
 During his appren- 
 ticeship Mr. Whit- 
 tier attended for two 
 years the drawing 
 school of the Lowell 
 Institute, and be- 
 came not only a 
 practical mechanic 
 but an experienced 
 draughtsman. Being 
 made superintendent 
 of the business in 
 1859, he was admit- 
 ted to partnership iii 
 
 the firm, which was then, upon the retirement of Mr. 
 Chubbuck, changed to Campbell, Whittier & Co. In 
 1874 the business was incorporated under the name of 
 the Whittier Machine Company, with Mr. Whittier as 
 president, a position which he has since held. The 
 works, for many years in Roxbury, but located now 
 mainlv in South Boston, comprise a very large and 
 unusually fine plant in the line of foundry and machine 
 work, especially adapted to the manufacture of steam. 
 
 CHARLES WHiTTItR 
 
 hydraulic and electric passenger and freight elevators. 
 The companv is one of the principal manufacturers in 
 .■\merica of electric elevators, which represent the highest 
 development thus far attained by electrical science and 
 mechanical art in this industry. A large number of 
 improvements, increasing the safety, speed and comfort 
 realized in the use of elevators, have been introduced by 
 the \\'hittier Machine Company. These improvements 
 are protected by numerous patents, many of which are 
 
 Mr. Whittier's own 
 inventions. The 
 company has always 
 encouraged legisla- 
 tion calculated to se- 
 cure the compulsory 
 adoption of all rea- 
 sonable safeguards 
 for the protection of 
 life and limb in the 
 use of elevators, in- 
 cluding a rigid sys- 
 tem of inspection. 
 Mr. Whittier has al- 
 ways been identified 
 with the Republican 
 party. In 1884 he 
 was elected to the 
 State Senate, where 
 he served one term. 
 For many years he 
 has been an active 
 member of the Mas- 
 sachusetts Charitable 
 Mechanic Associa- 
 tion. He is one of 
 the two vice-presi- 
 dents of the Eliot 
 Five Cents Savings 
 Bank, Roxbury, and 
 is a member of the 
 t:xecuti\e Committee of the Board of Trustees of Tufts 
 College. For nearly forty years he has been a mem- 
 ber of the First Universalist Society of Roxbury. His 
 lone career as a .shrewd, honorable and successful busi- 
 ness man, and as an in\entor, (jualifies him to stand as a 
 truly representative man of the Commonwealth. Mr. 
 Whittier was married in Roxbury, June 7, 1855, to Eliza 
 Isabel, eldest daughter of Benjamin F. and Eliza ( Ever- 
 ett) Campbell. They have no children. 
 
2l6 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 HOSEA KINGMAN, lawyer, mason, and veteran of 
 the Civil War, is one of the representative men of 
 Massachusetts. He was born in Bridgewater, Plymouth 
 County, Mass., April ii, 1843, the son of Philip D. and 
 Betsey (Washburn) Kingman. In the public schools of 
 his native place he gained his early education, and then 
 went to the Bridgewater Academy, a famous institution, 
 which is the alma mater of many distinguished men. 
 Mr. Kingman also attended the Ap])leton Academy, at 
 New Ipswich, N. H. 
 He then entered 
 Dartmouth College, 
 at Hanover, N. H., 
 but the breaking out 
 of the war inter- 
 rupted his studies 
 here, and he enlisted 
 in Company K, Third 
 Regiment, Massachu- 
 setts Volunteers, and 
 was mustered into 
 service Sept. 22, 
 1862. In that month 
 Mr. Kingman accom- 
 panied his regiment 
 to Newbern, N. C, 
 where he remained 
 until December, 
 when he was detailed 
 to duty in the signal 
 service, and was sent 
 to Port Royal, S. C. 
 Later he was detailed 
 t o Folly Island, 
 Charleston Harbor, 
 and on June 22, 1863, 
 he was mustered out 
 of the service. After 
 having thus served 
 nearly one year with 
 
 distinction he returned to college, where he was able to 
 make up his junior year work in his senior year, and so 
 was graduated with his class in 1864. Mr. Kiiigman 
 then took up the study of the law, and his training in 
 this department of his life's work was gained in the 
 ofifice of William Latham, with whom, after his admis- 
 sion to the bar, he went into partnership, under the firm 
 name of Latham & Kingman. In 187 1 Mr. Latham 
 retired, and Mr. Kingman continued the business and is 
 
 HOSEA KINGMAN 
 
 still in ])ractice. As a public man Mr. Kingman has 
 served in the positions of district attorney of Plymouth 
 County and as commissioner of insolvency of that 
 county. He was elected to the latter position in 1884, 
 and was re-elected each year until 1887, when he was 
 elected district attorney. He also received the appoint- 
 ment of special justice of the first district court of 
 Plymouth County, Nov. 12, 1878. He resigned his 
 office as district attorney to become a member of the 
 
 Metropolitan Sewer- 
 age Commission, of 
 which board he is 
 now chairman. Mr. 
 Kingman is an inter- 
 ested student of local 
 history, and is a 
 trustee of the Ply- 
 mouth County Pil- 
 grim Historical Soci- 
 ety, an organization 
 which has done much 
 for the enlargement 
 of historical research 
 in the line of early 
 Plymouth events. 
 Mr. Kingman is also 
 atrustee of the 
 Bridgewater Acad- 
 emy, and takes an 
 active interest in ed- 
 ucational matters at 
 home and abroad. 
 He has likewise been 
 for some time a trus- 
 tee of the Bridgewater 
 Savings Bank. He 
 is also prominent in 
 the ranks of Free 
 Masonry. June 23, 
 1866, he was married 
 to Carrie, the daughter of Hezekiah and Deborah 
 (Freeman) Cole, at Carver, Mass. This union has been 
 blessed with but one child : Agnes C. Kingman. Mr. 
 Kingman's home is in Bridgwater, where he was born 
 and has lived nearly all his life, and where he is respected 
 by all. His responsible and exacting duties as chairman 
 of the Metropolitan Sewerage Commission occupy at 
 present nearly the whole of his time and energies, and 
 he fills that office with great credit. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 217 
 
 INVENTIVE genius and talent for business are seldom 
 united in one man, and when these qualities meet, 
 as in Solomon Adams Woods, a successful life results. 
 He is a native of Farmington, Me., where he was born, 
 Oct. 7, 1827, the son of Nathaniel and Hannah 
 (Adams) Woods. His ancestors went from Massachu- 
 setts to Farmington, where his paternal grandfather was 
 one of the first settlers, and where his father became 
 one of the leading men of the town. Mr. Woods was 
 brought up on the 
 farm, getting his 
 schooling winters at 
 the district school, 
 and later at the 
 Farmington Acad- 
 emy. Having a me- 
 chanical bent of 
 mind, at the age of 
 twenty years he 
 learned the carpen- 
 ter's trade, which he 
 intended to follow. 
 Four years later, 
 however, he planned, 
 with his employer, 
 the erection of a 
 sash, door and blind 
 factory in Farming- 
 ton, and came to 
 Massachusetts 
 to purchase the ne- 
 cessary machinery. 
 That was the turning 
 point in his career. 
 Instead of returning 
 to Maine, he engaged 
 as a journeyman in 
 the same business, in 
 Boston, with Solomon 
 S. Gray. Within a 
 
 year Mr. Woods had bought out his employer, and on 
 Jan. I, 1852, went into the business of manufacturing 
 sashes, doors and blinds on his own account. Two 
 years later he formed a partnership with Mr. Gray, 
 under the firm name of Gray & Woods, for the manu- 
 facture and sale of a wood-planing machine, originally 
 invented by Mr. Gray, but rendered much more jirac- 
 tical by Mr. Woods's improvements. The partnership 
 lasted seven years. In 1865 Mr. Woods's business, 
 
 SOLOMON A. WOODS. 
 
 which had grown to large proportions, was still further 
 extended by the manufacture of the improved Wood- 
 bury planer. To meet the increasing demands of his 
 business, Mr. Woods erected a manufactory in South 
 Boston, and branch houses were established in New 
 York and Chicago. In 1873 the S. A. W^oods Machine 
 Company was incorporated, with a capital of. $300,000, 
 and with Mr. Woods as president, an office he still 
 holds. To the successive firms of Gray & Woods, S. A. 
 
 Woods and the S. A. 
 Woods Machine 
 Company, more than 
 fifty patents for de- 
 vices and improve- 
 ments in machines 
 for planing wood 
 and making mould- 
 ings have been is- 
 sued, and from the 
 Massachusetts Char- 
 itable Mechanic As- 
 sociation and other 
 institutions they 
 have received nearly 
 a hundred medals. 
 Mr. Woods has been 
 a member of the 
 Boston Common 
 Council, a director 
 of the East Boston 
 ferries, and since 
 1870 a trustee of the 
 South Boston Sav- 
 ings Bank, of whose 
 Board of Investment 
 he has been a mem- 
 ber for many years. 
 In 1878 he declined 
 a nomination for the 
 Board of Aldermen, 
 by both parties. Mr. 
 to Miss Sarah Eliza- 
 
 unanimously urged upon him 
 Woods was married, in 1S54, 
 beth Weathern, of Vienna, Me., who died in 1862. 
 Five years later he married Miss Sarah Catharine 
 Watts, of Boston. He has three children : Frank Forrest 
 (on whom he depends chiefly for the present and future 
 management of the business, and who holds the position 
 of vice-president and general manager), Florence and 
 Frederick Adams Woods. 
 
2l8 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 AS an example of a self-made man, one who has Squire bought a tract of land in East Cambridge, upon 
 
 earned his right to the title rather by the success which he built a packing house. The plant was enlarged 
 
 of perseverance and untiring industry than by any turn from time to time to meet the demands of a growing 
 
 of fortune's wheel, John P. Squire, the Cambridge business until, in 1881, a great refrigerator of thirty 
 
 packer, holds high place. From a poor farmer's boy, thousand tons' capacity was built, with a cooling area 
 
 whose first business experience was that of a clerk in of three acres. \\'hen this and other buildings were 
 
 a village store in rural Vermont, to the head of the third destroyed by fire in 1891, a new refrigerator, with the 
 
 largest pork-packing establishment in the United States, De La Vergne system of artificial refrigeration, was 
 
 is a record of which any one might feel proud John built, having six acres of cooling space, and a capacity 
 
 P. Squire was born 
 
 in Weathersfield, Vt., 
 
 May 8, 1819. His 
 
 boyhood years were 
 
 spent on the farm 
 
 and attending the 
 
 short terms of the 
 
 public schools. At 
 
 the age of sixteen he 
 
 entered the employ 
 
 of Mr. Orvis, the vil- 
 lage storekeeper at 
 
 West Windsor, where 
 
 he stayed for two 
 
 years, or until he 
 
 earned s u fifi c i e n t 
 
 money to enable him 
 
 to attend the acad- 
 emy at Unity, N. H. 
 Subs equently he 
 taught night school 
 at Cavendish. In 
 
 1838 he came to 
 Boston and became 
 a clerk in the stall 
 of Nathan Robbins, 
 in Faneuil Hall Mar- 
 ket. He went into 
 business for himself 
 in 1842, with Francis 
 Russell as partner, at 
 
 No. 25 Faneuil Hall Market. His success from this 
 on was marked. In 1847 the partnership was dissolved, 
 and for eight years he carried on the business alone. 
 In 1855 he again formed a partnership. Since then 
 there have been se\eral changes in the firm, but Mr. 
 Squire always remained at its head. The business is 
 now carried on under the name of John P. Squire & Co. 
 Corporation, of which Mr. Squire and two of his sons, 
 Frank O. and Fred. F., are the members. In 1885 IMr. 
 
 (V-«!j 
 
 for hanging ten thou- 
 sand hogs, and the 
 killing of five thou- 
 sand per day. The 
 magnitude of the bus- 
 iness may be sug- 
 gested by the state- 
 ment that over eight 
 hundred thousand 
 hogs are slaughtered 
 annually, one thou- 
 r!?! .T^ sand men are era- 
 
 ployed at a yearly 
 4fe, '- expense of seven 
 
 hundred thousand 
 
 dollars, and the 
 
 freight bills for live 
 
 hogs amount to seven 
 
 hundred thousand 
 
 dollars a year. Mr. 
 
 ■': Squire married the 
 
 f: daughter of his first 
 
 employer, Miss Kate 
 
 Green On-is, in 1843, 
 
 ' and eleven children 
 
 blessed the union, 
 
 nine of wliom are 
 
 now li\ ing. On April 
 
 JOHN P. SQUIRE. 30, 1892, Mr. Squire 
 
 celebrated the golden 
 jubilee of his en- 
 trance into business by a grand reception at the estab- 
 lishment in East Cambridge, and several thousand 
 friends accepted the opportunity to tender him their 
 congratulations. Mr. Squire joined the Mercantile 
 Library Association when he first came to Boston, and 
 s])ent a great deal of his time in reading, of which he 
 was very fond. The position which he attained in com- 
 mercial circles was due to his own efforts. His resi- 
 dence is in .\rlington. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 219 
 
 WILT JAM F. SAWYER, president of the Massachu- 
 setts College of Pharmacy, was born Oct. 30, 1 847, 
 in Charlestown, Mass., being the son of Seth and Susan 
 Pnulence ( Frost) Sawyer. His great-grandfather Pol- 
 lard was the first private to fall in the battle of Hunker 
 Hill. Mr. Sawyer's education was gained in the public 
 schools of Charlestown, and he attended for a time the 
 academy at Manchester, N. H. When seventeen years 
 of age, he entered a drug store as apprentice, and spent 
 several years in 
 learning the business. 
 He worked in many 
 d i f f e r e n t stores 
 ill Charlestown and 
 Cambridge, thereby 
 accpiiring a varied 
 knowledge, which in 
 those days was ne- 
 cessary in order to 
 become a reliable 
 and thorough drug- 
 gist. He finished his 
 course as drug clerk 
 in Morse's store, at 
 Charles tow n. I n 
 these several places 
 he had gained a wide 
 and eminently prac- 
 tical knowledge o f 
 the retail drug busi- 
 ness, and in 1870 
 he decided to go 
 into the trade for 
 himself. His fi r s t 
 venture was at Athol, 
 Mass., where he con- 
 ducted a drug store 
 four years with sucli 
 success as ensured 
 his skill and knowl- 
 edge of the business, and gave him confidence to begin 
 business in Boston. In 1874, therefore, he purchased 
 the store at No. 1152 'I'remont Street, established in 
 1849, and has done business there from that date to 
 this. Mr. Sawyer has always taken a deep and active 
 interest in pharmaceutical matters, and in the several 
 associations of the druggists has been an active member. 
 He is at present a member of the Executive Committee 
 and of the Legislative Committee of the State Phar- 
 
 WILLIAM F. SAWYER. 
 
 maceutical Association, and a member of the Boston 
 Druggists' Association, the American Pharmaceutical 
 Association, and of the Druggists' Alliance. Mr. Sawyer 
 was one of the first men in the State to call the atten- 
 tion of druggists to the fact that Massachusetts had no 
 suitable building for the teaching of pharmacy. The 
 handsome new Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, at 
 the corner of St. Botolph and Garrison streets in Boston, 
 is the result of the labors of Mr. Sawyer and of othesr. 
 
 This is the first and 
 only college of its 
 kind in the State. It 
 was started in 1868 
 in a room on Boylston 
 Street. It was next 
 found in the old Hol- 
 lis Street school- 
 house, and later in 
 the Franklin school- 
 house. It had at this 
 time some seven 
 thousand dollars, and 
 through the efforts of 
 trustees, one of whom 
 was Mr. S a \\' y e r , 
 money enough was 
 raised to ensure the 
 building of the pres- 
 ent structure. The 
 institution to-day 
 has control of about 
 one hundred and 
 twenty thousanti dol- 
 lars' worth of prop- 
 erty. Mr. Sawyer is 
 connected "with a 
 number of charitable 
 organizations, and is 
 also president and 
 director of several 
 business corjjorations. He is a member of the Masonic 
 Order, the Odd Fellows, Royal Arcanum, Ancient Order 
 of United Workmen, and Home Circle. On Nov. 23, 
 1870, at Royalston, Mass., Mr. Sawyer was married to 
 Eunice Helen Bryant. Their one child is William 
 Prince Sawyer. Popular among his fellow-druggists of 
 the best stamp, Mr. Sawyer is honored by them as a 
 man who, among other things, helped to make the 
 College of Pharmacy possible. 
 
220 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FEW among the younger generation of Boston lawyers 
 are better known than George Robinson Swasey. 
 Though less than forty years old, he has already estab- 
 lished an enviable reputation as one of the foremost 
 pleaders at the New England bar. Of sturdy New Eng- 
 land stock, he has fought his way in his profession until 
 he stands to-day in the foremost rank, and his opinion 
 is sought not alone by lay clients but by his most suc- 
 cessful legal brethren. His father was Horatio J. Swasey, 
 and his mother Har- 
 riet (Higgins) Swa- 
 sey. Mr. Swasey 
 was born at Standish, 
 Me., Jan. 8, 1854. 
 He fitted for college 
 at Westbrook Semi- 
 nary and Gorham 
 Academy, and subse- 
 quently entered Bow- 
 doin College, from 
 which he graduated 
 in the class of 1875. 
 He then began the 
 study of law with his 
 father, Hon. Horatio 
 J. Swasey, at Stan- 
 dish, Me., where he 
 remained for two 
 years. In the fall of 
 1877 he entered the 
 Law School of Bos- 
 ton University, and 
 less than one year 
 later, in June, 1878, 
 he graduated at the 
 head of a class of 
 fifty-two members, 
 many of whom have 
 since won high rank 
 at the bar of Massa- 
 chusetts and other States. In the fall of the same year 
 Mr. Swasey was appointed a tutor in the law school, a 
 position which he held until the fall of 1882, when he 
 resigned. In April, 1878, he was admitted to the bar of 
 his native State, and in February, 1879, to the Massa- 
 chusetts bar. He at once began the practice of law 
 with his brother, Horatio E. Swasey (who died in 1889), 
 vmder the name of Swasey & Swasey, and they ([uickly 
 built up an extensive business. In the spring of 1883 
 
 GEORGE R. SWASEY 
 
 Mr. Swasey was appointed acting dean of the Boston 
 Uni\ersity Law School, during the absence of the dean 
 in Europe, and was at the same time appointed a lec- 
 turer in the school, a position which he still holds. In 
 1886 he was nominated for the School Board of the 
 city of Boston, on the Democratic and Republican 
 tickets, and elected. He was re-elected in the years 
 1887, 1888 and 1889, and while a member of the board 
 did good work on behalf of education. He was chair- 
 
 m an of the Com- 
 mittee on Accounts 
 and Evening Schools. 
 Throughout the pro- 
 longed controversy 
 which took place a 
 few years since as to 
 the use of particular 
 text-books in the 
 schools, he was a 
 firm a d V o c a te of 
 text- books which 
 should be just to all, 
 and insisted that in 
 matters of educa- 
 tion no class or 
 creed should be un- 
 fairly treated. Mr. 
 Swasey has done 
 considerable legal 
 writing, having 
 compiled several 
 treatises, and h a s 
 assisted in the prep- 
 aration of two edi- 
 tions of " Benjamin 
 on Sales." He is at 
 present chairman of 
 the Board of Appeals 
 of the city of Bos- 
 ton. Without taking 
 a prominent part in politics, by the force of his charac- 
 ter and popularity, he is a considerable factor in the 
 public life of his city and State. It has been given to 
 few men to attain so early in life such an enviable posi- 
 tion at the bar, and so much prominence as an authority 
 on educational matters, as has been gained by Mr. 
 Swasey. In the opinion of his friends and admirers he 
 is only on the threshold of a career that is leading him 
 to still greater success. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 221 
 
 M' 
 
 ICHAEL JOSEPH McETTRICK, congressman 
 elect from the Tenth Massachusetts District, the 
 son of Matthew and Mary (McDonough) McEttrick, was 
 born in Roxbury, Mass., June 26, 1846. At the age of 
 eleven years he graduated, at the head of his class, of 
 which he was the youngest member, from the Washington 
 Grammar School. He then attended the famous Rox- 
 bury Latin School, and after graduating there, he entered 
 the ofifice of City Engineer Charles Whitney, of Roxbury, 
 to acquire a knowl- 
 edge of civil engi- 
 neering. This pro- 
 fession he was 
 afterwards compelled 
 to abandon owing to 
 an injury sustained 
 to his eyes. During 
 the last year of the 
 Civil War, he en- 
 listed in the regular 
 army, receiving his 
 discharge in 1865. 
 He was assistant 
 assessor of the city of 
 Boston in 1884, and 
 in the fall of the same 
 year was elected by 
 the Democrats of his 
 district to the Mas- 
 sachusetts House of 
 Representatives. 
 Seven times in suc- 
 cession he was 
 elected, rec e iv ing 
 each year an in- 
 creased majority. In 
 the House he served 
 on many of the most 
 important commit- 
 tees, such as finance, 
 
 child labor, education, roads and bridges, liquor law, 
 constitutional amendments, woman suffrage, expendi- 
 tures and municipal charters. He quickly rose to a 
 position of power and commanding influence on the 
 floor of the House, being chairman of the Democratic 
 members and their acknowledged leader. His brilliant 
 minority reports as member of the Education Commit- 
 tees of 1888 and 1889 advocated in a masterly way the 
 principle, since endorsed by the Legislature, concerning 
 
 MICHAEL J. McETTRICK, 
 
 the right of the State to interfere in the management of 
 private schools. Mr. McEttrick holds that, as the Con- 
 stitution of the United States guarantees freedom of con- 
 science and freedom of worship to every American 
 citizen, it guarantees with equal right, freedom of educa- 
 tion. In 1890 he was elected to the State Senate, 
 serving there on the committees on election laws, 
 woman suffrage, and administrative boards and commis- 
 sions. As the author and promoter of measures in the 
 
 interest of humanity, 
 and advocate of legis- 
 lation for the pro- 
 tection of factory 
 women and children, 
 he is recognized 
 throughout the Com- 
 monwealth as first 
 and foremost. His 
 entire career has 
 been stamped with 
 integrity and s i n - 
 cerity. Hence h i s 
 phenomenal popular- 
 ity, and his election 
 to Congress in 1892 
 as an independent 
 Democrat from the 
 Tenth Massachusetts 
 District over three 
 strong rival candi- 
 dates, and after a 
 campaign that for 
 enthusiasm and in- 
 terest has never had 
 its parallel in this 
 
 State. It is -expected 
 
 that Mr. McEttrick's 
 broad grasp of legis- 
 1 ati V e matters, his 
 earnestness and his 
 eloquence, will make him a power in the Fifty-third 
 Congress. His symmetrical and splendid physique is 
 partially due to his taste for athletics which he devel- 
 oped early in life. By the time he had reached his 
 majority he had won a national reputation for his powers 
 of strength, activity and endurance, and a record for 
 wrestling, leaping and pedestrianism which for a long 
 time remained unbroken. He won the long distance 
 walking championship of America in 1869. 
 
222 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 HENRY LILLIE PIERCE was born in Stoughton, 
 Mass., Aug. 23, 1825. He is a descendant of 
 John Pierce, who came to this country from England in 
 1637, and was admitted a freeman of Watertown in the 
 following year. His father, Colonel Jesse Pierce, was a 
 man of considerable distinction as a teacher, a member 
 of the General Court and a pioneer in the anti-slavery 
 movement. His mother was the daughter of Captain 
 John Lillie, a gallant officer in the War of the Revolu- 
 tion. Mr. Pierce re- 
 ceived a good Eng- 
 lish education at the 
 public school in his 
 native town, at the 
 academy in Milton, 
 and also at the 
 academy and State 
 Normal School at 
 Bridgewater. In 
 1850 he became con- 
 nected with the 
 chocolate manufac 
 tory of Walter Baker 
 & Co. Four years 
 later he took charge 
 of the entire busi- 
 ness, and from that 
 time to the present 
 has been the sole 
 manager. He began 
 to take an interest 
 in public questions 
 while still a school- 
 boy, and was one of 
 the earliest and most 
 zealous promoters of 
 the movement which 
 led to the organiza- 
 tion of the Republi- 
 can party. He 
 
 served as the representative from Dorchester in the 
 General Court during the sessions of i860, 1861, 1862 
 and 1866, and was the author of a luimber of important 
 legislative measures. On the annexation of Dorchester 
 to Boston, in 1869, he was elected for the two years fol- 
 lowing to the Board of Aldermen. In 1872 he was 
 elected mayor of Boston, being the choice of the citi- 
 zens, without regard to party, .^gainst very strong 
 opposition he reorganized the health and fire depart- 
 
 HENRY L PIERCE 
 
 ments, and freed them from the personal and partisan 
 influences to which they had been subject. Before the 
 expiration of his term he received the Republican nom- 
 ination for representative to Congress, and was elected 
 by a nearly unanimous vote. During his service of four 
 years as the representative of the third district, he took 
 an active part in committee work and made a number 
 of important speeches on the floor of the House, — 
 opposing the Force Bill, so called, favoring an amend- 
 ment to the Consti- 
 tution, limiting the 
 term of office of the 
 President, favoring 
 reciprocity with 
 Canada, defining the 
 proper distribution 
 of the Geneva Award 
 and opposing the 
 counting of the elec- 
 toral vote sent from 
 Louisiana in 1876. 
 
 'S/mBEm '■ 1 ^^'^^ again elected 
 
 mayor of Boston and 
 served one term. 
 The most important 
 act of his adminis- 
 tration was the reor- 
 ganization of the 
 police department. 
 Although he has not 
 held any public office 
 since then, he has 
 continued to take an 
 active interest in pub- 
 lic affairs, and has 
 been called u p o n 
 many times to speak 
 on political, edu- 
 cational and eco- 
 nomical questions. He found himself unable to sup- 
 port the Republican nominee for the presidency in 
 1884, and has since Ijeen numbered among the inde- 
 pendents in politics. For some years he has been pres- 
 ident of the New England Tariff Reform League, and 
 his name is also prominently identified with the reform 
 of the ci\il service and of the ballot. He has travelled 
 extensively in this country and in Europe, and has thus 
 added to his wide and varied c ulture. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 223 
 
 THE improved methods of heating buildings by 
 steam, and of ventilating them by "fan blowers," 
 now so extensively used throughout the United States, 
 owe their origin and much of their development to 
 James J. Walworth. He was born, Nov. 18, 1808, in 
 Canaan, N. H., the son of George and Philura (Jones) 
 Walworth, and is in direct descent from Sir William 
 Walworth, who was lord mayor of London at the time 
 of the Wat Tyler rebellion, in 1381. .Mr. Walworth was 
 educated in the 
 public schools of his 
 native town, and in 
 the Thetford (Vt.) 
 a n tl Salisbury 
 (N. H.) academies. 
 He taught school 
 three winters, and at 
 the age of twenty 
 came on foot to 
 Boston. For ten 
 years he was engaged 
 in the hardware busi- 
 ness, and in 1841, 
 with his brother-in- 
 law, Joseph Nason, 
 under the firm name 
 of Walworth & 
 Nason, established 
 the business of steam 
 and hot-water warm- 
 ing and ventilating 
 buildings by radi- 
 cally new methods. 
 Beginning in New 
 York, and a year 
 later starting a plant 
 in Boston, the two 
 concerns have been 
 continued, though 
 with some changes, 
 
 until the present day. In 1844 Mr. Nason conceived 
 the idea of using small wrought-iron tubes for steam 
 warming. This was entirely different from anything 
 previously attempted. The construction of apparatus 
 for warming buildings, especially manufactories, was 
 immediately begun and rapidly extended, soon becom- 
 ing the type of steam warming in large structures, to 
 the exclusion of all other methods. Immediatelv fol- 
 lowing this came a new svsteni of ventilation bv the use 
 
 JAMES J. WALWORTH. 
 
 of the " fan blower," propelled by steam power, which 
 is now recognized as the most effective and economic 
 method, especially in hospitals, churches, theatres, halls, 
 etc. This system was first introduced by Walworth & 
 Nason in 1846, and in that year was applied to the 
 Custom House in Boston, and since then to numerous 
 public buildings in nearly every State in the Union. 
 Several of the State capitols have been warmed and 
 ventilated ujion this principle. Though Mr. Walworth 
 
 has been the business 
 head of the concern, 
 yet, as engineer in 
 steam-heating and 
 ventilating, he has 
 designed and exe- 
 cuted many impor- 
 tant works. In 1852 
 the firm of Walworth 
 & Nason was dis- 
 solved, Mr. Wal- 
 worth continuing 
 business alone, and 
 later admitting 
 Marshall S. Scudder 
 and C. Clark Wal- 
 worth as partners. 
 In 1872 the Wal- 
 worth Manufacturing 
 Company was organ- 
 ized, with a paid-up 
 capital of $400,000, 
 and with Mr. Wal- 
 worth as president, 
 a position which he 
 retained until his 
 resignation in 1890. 
 The company owns 
 an extensive plant at 
 South Boston, em- 
 ploying here and 
 elsewhere upwards of eight hundred workmen. Mr. 
 \N alworth is president of many other large business cor- 
 porations. He was one of the founders of Lasell 
 Seminary. In 1870 and 1871 he was a member of the 
 Massachusetts Legislature. He has been twice married. 
 His first wife was Elizabeth Chickering Nason. His 
 present wife was Mrs. Lydia Sawyer. He has one son, 
 who is president of the Walworth Construction and 
 Supply Company. 
 
224 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IN the fruit trade, as in every other branch of com- 
 merce, the tendency toward consolidation is plainly 
 evident. The fruit trade of Boston has not only grown 
 to far \ aster proportions in the last ten years, but it is 
 managed on entirely different lines, and what were for- 
 merly separate, and often antagonistic, interests are now 
 all harmoniously combined under one management. 
 The Boston Fruit Company is the only concern in the 
 country which owns its own plantations, — they are situ- 
 ated in Jamaica, and 
 contain about thirty- 
 seven thousand acres 
 
 in all, — imports its 
 own products in its 
 own line of steamers, 
 and deals direct with 
 both the retailer and 
 jobber. It is a stu- 
 pendous business 
 which has grown up 
 within a very few 
 years and has com- 
 l)letely revolution- 
 ized the system of 
 handling fruit. Five 
 steamers are kejJt 
 busy bringing the 
 products of the com- 
 pany from Jamaica 
 to Boston. The man- 
 ager of the Boston 
 Fruit Company is 
 Andrew Woodb u r y 
 Preston, one of Bos- 
 ton's successful men 
 of affairs. He was 
 born June 29, 1846, at 
 Beverly Farms, Mass., 
 the son of Benjamin 
 and Sarah Preston. 
 
 He is of old New England stock, being descended from 
 one of three brothers who came from England and settled 
 in Massachusetts early in the seventeenth century. Mr. 
 Preston attended the grammar school in Beverly until 
 he was sixteen years old. Three years of farm life fol- 
 lowed, after which he went into the shoe manufacturing 
 business and remained in it until his health failed. In 
 September, 1867, he came to Boston and went to work 
 for Charles Kimball & Co., produce merchants, being 
 
 ANDREW W. PRESTON 
 
 their buyer in Maine the following year. In 1869 he 
 became connected with Seaverns & Co., fruit and prod- 
 uce dealers, continuing with this firm until 1888. In 
 
 1885 he became interested in an association of mer- 
 chants, formed for the purpose of buying fruit in the 
 West Indies. Out of this association grew the Boston 
 Fruit Company, which was organized in 1888 and in- 
 corporated in 1890. During the winters of 1885 and 
 
 1886 Mr. Preston was in New Orleans, representing the 
 
 interests of Boston 
 fruit merchants. In 
 the winter of 1887 
 he visited Jamaica 
 with parties inter- 
 ested, and assisted in 
 the organization of 
 the Boston Fruit 
 Company. In 1888 
 he was made its as- 
 sistant general man- 
 ager, and in the fol- 
 lowing year became 
 general manager. 
 He is an active mem- 
 ber of the Boston 
 Fruit and Produce 
 Exchange and of the 
 Chamber of Com- 
 merce ; is a director 
 in the Traders Na- 
 tional Bank, and 
 president of the 
 Simpson Spring 
 Company, of South 
 Easton, Mass. He 
 has also been inter- 
 ested in the teaming 
 business since 1874, 
 being a partner m 
 the firm of M. D. 
 Cressy & Co., which owns about fifty teams. Mr. Pres- 
 ton is a member of the order of Odd Fellows, and is 
 a Freemason of the thirty-second degree and a prom- 
 inent Knight Templar. For two years he was secretary 
 of the Boston Marketmen's Republican Club, one of the 
 vigorous political organizations of the city. In 1869 
 he married Miss Fanny Gutterson, of Brookline. They 
 have one child living, — a daughter. Mr. Preston resides 
 in a beautiful home in Brookline. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 ?2S 
 
 JAMES WEMYSS, JR., prominently known through 
 his connection with the Iiritish American and 
 other societies and as a business man, is a Scotchman 
 by birth, and came to the United States early in life to 
 seek his fortune. He has found it, but not without a 
 struggle. From the bench to the head of a furniture 
 firm, doing a business with the leading houses all over 
 the United States and Canada, and a social place of no 
 insignificant standing, is the record he has to show. Mr. 
 Wemyss was born 
 in Hawick, Roxbury- 
 
 shire, Scotland, a 
 
 small town locally 
 noted for its manu- 
 facture of woollens 
 and stockings, in 
 1 840. The first 
 fourteen years of his 
 life were spent on 
 the banks of the 
 Tiviot, receiving 
 such education as 
 the vicinity and his 
 worldly condition al- 
 lowed. He came to 
 America in 1854, 
 and for thirteen years 
 worked at the bench 
 in the furniture trade. 
 In 1867 he and his 
 brother started a 
 furniture manufactur- 
 ing business in this 
 city on a very small 
 scale. His practical 
 knowledge of the 
 details, gained in his 
 long apprenticeship 
 at the bench, served 
 him in good stead, 
 
 and under his guidance the firm steadily developed until 
 it has become one of the leading maniifactories of fine 
 furniture in the country. In the social world Mr. 
 Wemyss is an Odd Fellow, a Mason of high standing, 
 and a leader in the State of the British American citi- 
 zens. For five consecuti\e years he was president of the 
 Scots' Charitable Society, a position which is esteemed 
 the highest honor that can be bestowed upon a Boston 
 Scotchman by his fellow-countrvmen. He at one time 
 
 held the presidency of five organizations, — the British 
 American Association of the State of Massachusetts, 
 Branch 37 of the British American Society, the Scots' 
 Charitable Society, the Boston Curling Club, and the 
 Hawick Club. Mr. Wemyss's part in the celebration of 
 the Queen's Jubilee in Boston, June 21, 1887, brought 
 him into considerable prominence. He was chairman 
 of the Committee of Arrangements, which consisted of 
 representatives of the different societies throughout the 
 
 State. Faneuil Hall 
 was selected as the 
 place in which to 
 hold the festivities. 
 This aroused the 
 antagonism of cer- 
 tain persons who 
 did not think the 
 " Cradle of Liberty " 
 the proper place for 
 such a gathering. 
 The banquet was 
 held, nevertheless, 
 despite objections 
 and e \' e n threats, 
 and Mr. Wemyss 
 presided in the face 
 of warnings that per- 
 sonal violence would 
 follow his attempt to 
 do so. The outcome 
 of this affair was the 
 birth of the British 
 American Associa- 
 tions, which, origi- 
 nating as a protest 
 against this- jubilee 
 demonstration, have 
 extended all over 
 the country. M r . 
 Wemyss was presi- 
 dent of the State organization for three years, and was 
 afterwards elected president of the national organiza- 
 tion. Mr. Wemyss, while of course retaining his love 
 for the dear old land of his birth, is a thorough believer 
 in American institutions and principles, and is first, 
 last and always loyal to the land of his adoption. Mr. 
 Wemyss was married in Boston, twenty-six years ago. 
 His connection with the various organizations above 
 referred to has made his name widely known. 
 
 WEMYSS. 
 
226 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IN finance, as well as in politics, law and mercantile 
 affairs, the young men of Massachusetts ha\e achie\ed 
 distinguished triumphs. The changes that ha\e taken 
 place during the last decade or two in business methods, 
 the consolidation of vast financial and commercial inter- 
 ests, and the rapid de\elopment of the banking business 
 in so many new directions, have brought into prominence 
 men who have not only made enormous fortunes out of 
 changing conditions, but have wielded a powerful influ- 
 ence in the financial, 
 and consequently in 
 the entire commer- 
 cial, world. Such a 
 man is Frederick 
 Henry Prince. He is 
 one of an illustrious 
 family, which as long 
 ago as 1584 was 
 prominent in Eng- 
 land, living at that 
 time in Shrewsbury 
 upon their estate, 
 known as " Abbey 
 Fo rega t e ," John 
 Prince being then 
 rector of East Shef- 
 
 In 165 
 
 his 
 
 field. 
 
 s o n , E 1 d e r John 
 Prince, came to this 
 country and settled 
 in Hull, Mass. His 
 grandson, Thomas 
 Prince, graduated 
 from Harvard College 
 in 1707, and in 1717 
 was ordained c o - 
 pastor with Dr. Sew- 
 ell of the Old South 
 Church, in Boston. 
 Mr. Prince's great- 
 grandfather, James Prince, well known in his day and 
 generation as a prominent merchant, was appointed by 
 President Jefferson as naval officer of the port of Bos- 
 ton, and afterward as United States marshal for the 
 district of Massachusetts. Mr. Prince is the son of 
 Frederick Octavius and Helen (Henry) Prince, and was 
 born in Winchester, Mass., Nov. 30, i860, the year in 
 which several other men who have attained distinction 
 in Massachusetts were born. His father is a distin- 
 
 FREDERICK H. PRINCE 
 
 guished ex-mayor of Boston, and for many years was 
 secretary of the National Democratic Committee. Mr. 
 F. H. Prince received his early education in public and 
 private schools, and entered Harvard College in 1878, 
 but left in 1880 to go into business. In 1885 he estab- 
 lished the firm of F. H. Prince & Co., and his career 
 has been one of uninterrupted prosperity. Mr. Prince 
 is vice-president of the New York & New England Rail- 
 road Company, a director of the Chicago Junction 
 
 Railways and Union 
 Stock Yards Com- 
 pany, and a director 
 in many other rail- 
 roads and large cor- 
 p o r a t i o n s . Mr. 
 Prince has been con- 
 cerned in some of 
 - the heaviest financial 
 undertakings in the 
 country. In con- 
 nection with Chi- 
 cago and the World's 
 Fair, it may be of in- 
 terest to know that 
 in 1S89 he entered 
 into negotiations with 
 Mr. Nathaniel 
 Thayer, of Boston, 
 and the Vanderbilts, 
 for the purchase of 
 the Chicago stock- 
 yards, and formed 
 the syndicate of 
 London and Boston 
 bankers that paid 
 §23,000,000 for the 
 property. The pres- 
 ent plan of uniting 
 the Philadelphia & 
 Reading, the Boston 
 & Maine and the New York & New England systems 
 under one management, thereby forming the largest cor- 
 poration in the world, was the work of Mr. Prince, and 
 this he accomplished in spite of strong opposition from 
 rival corporations. Mr. Prince is a member of the lead- 
 ing ckdis in Boston and New York. In 1884 he mar- 
 ried Miss Abby Kinsley Norman, a daughter of (leorge 
 H. Norman, of Newport, R. I., and has two children, 
 Frederick and Norman. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 227 
 
 FRANCIS HENRY UNDERWOOD was born in 
 Enfield, Mass., Jan. 12, 1825. His early educa- 
 tion was obtained in the common school, then at a very 
 low ebb, and occasionally afterwards, for a few months 
 at a time, as the means of his family could afford, in 
 " select " schools, where he began Latin, algebra and 
 geometry. He was ambitious to pursue a collegiate 
 course, which would have been open to him but for 
 conscientious scruples that pre\ented his pledging him- 
 self to the ministry. 
 He d i d, however, 
 succeed in entering 
 .•\mherst College in 
 1843, but in the fol- 
 lowing year he gave 
 up the struggle and 
 went to Kentucky. 
 There he taught 
 school and read law, 
 anil in 1847 was ad- 
 mitted to the bar. 
 His marriage, in 
 I 848, formed an- 
 other tie binding 
 him to the life in 
 Kentucky ; yet his 
 sympathies with New 
 England ideas and 
 culture remained 
 predominant, and at 
 the end of another 
 year he returned to 
 Massachusetts, dis- 
 satisfied with the 
 law, and his mind 
 divided between 
 aspirations towards 
 literature and enthu- 
 siasm for the cause 
 of freedom. In 1852 
 
 he was the clerk of the Massachusetts Senate ; but in 
 1854 he became the "reader" or literary adviser of the 
 Boston publishing house of Phillips, Sampson & Co. 
 To this house he had carried the plan of a new maga- 
 zine, which, three years later, was realized in the " .At- 
 lantic Monthly," of which he became assistant editor, 
 and his friend, James Russell Lowell, editor-in-chief. 
 This was the great literary event of those days. After 
 the dissolution of the firm, in 1859, he was chosen clerk 
 
 FRANCIS H. UNDERWOOD 
 
 of the Superior Criminal Court, a position which he 
 continued to hold for eleven years. For thirteen years 
 he served as a member of the Boston School Committee, 
 to which experience we are indebted for his two well- 
 known handbooks of English literature (1870-72). 
 In 1872 he received the honorary degree of A. M. from 
 Bowdoin College. In 1878 he delivered a course of 
 lectures upon .American literature, at the Peabody 
 Institute, Baltimore, which was repeated in Boston 
 
 and other cities. Jn 
 1885 he was ap- 
 pointed consul to 
 Glasgow, where he 
 was flatteringly 
 received, and 
 achieved great pop- 
 ularity, not only in 
 his official capacity, 
 but also as a man of 
 society and a man of 
 letters. While in 
 Scotland he deliv- 
 ered many lectures 
 upon American lit- 
 erature, and had the 
 honor, unusual for 
 an American, of be- 
 ing created doctor 
 of laws by the LTni- 
 versity of Glasgow. 
 After being super- 
 seded as consul, in 
 1889, he remained 
 in Glasgow three 
 years, and was mar- 
 ried there for a sec- 
 ond time. He is 
 now a resident of 
 Boston. He has 
 been a man of untir- 
 ing industry, and besides the handbooks of English lit- 
 erature, he has written the following : " Cloud Pictures " 
 (imaginative stories) : " Lord of Himself," a novel of 
 Kentucky life ; " Man Proposes," also a novel ; " The 
 True Story of Exodus" (an abridgment of Brugsch's 
 great work) ; short biographies of Lowell, Longfellow, 
 and Whittier ; and a handbook of EngUsh history, 
 based on Cniest's lectures. His latest publication is 
 " Quabbin : The Story of a Small Town." 
 
228 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE political destinies and the legislation of Massa- 
 chusetts for the last few years have been largely 
 in the hands of young men, and in every campaign 
 since iSSo Charles Y. Sprague has taken an active and 
 useful part. He is the son of Seth Kdward and Harriet 
 Boardman (Lawrence) Sprague, and was born in Boston, 
 June lo, 1857. His grandfather was Peleg Sprague, 
 who served two terms in Congress and one term in the 
 Senate from Maine, whither he had removed to practice 
 law. He was subse- 
 q u e n 1 1 y appointed 
 judge of the Dis- 
 trict Court of Massa- 
 chusetts. H e w a s 
 the author of 
 " Sprague's D e c i s- 
 ions," a book which 
 is still often quoted 
 as an authority. Mr. 
 Spragtie's maternal 
 grandfather was Wil- 
 liam Lawrence, a 
 brother of Amos and 
 Abbot Lawrence, the 
 latter a minister to 
 the Court of St. 
 James. Mr. Sprague 
 attended school in 
 Boston, and entered 
 Harvard in 1875. 
 After graduation he 
 studied in the Har- 
 vard Law School, and 
 later finished his 
 course in the Boston 
 University Law 
 School. He is now 
 a member of the 
 Suffolk bar, and is 
 engaged in the prac- 
 tice of his profession. He has always taken the great- 
 est interest in political matters, casting his vote for 
 President Garfield in 1880. He served on the Republi- 
 can Ward and City Committee, in 1887 and 1888. In 
 the latter year he was elected to the Boston Common 
 Council, and was re-elected in 1889 by an increased 
 majority. While in the city government, as memlier of 
 the Committee on Claims, he was instrumental in saving 
 many dollars to the city, voting always on the conserva- 
 
 CHARLES F. SPRAGUE 
 
 tive side and taking the view that a municipal corpoia- 
 tion should be managed like a business organization and 
 not like apolitical machine. In 1890 he was elected 
 from the Tenth Suffolk District to the Massachusetts 
 House of Representatives, and was re-elected the fol- 
 lowing year. While in the House he served on the com- 
 mittees on bills in the third reading, probate and insol- 
 vency and election laws. Mr. Sprague's chief interest 
 lay in the latter committee, which was one of impor- 
 tance by reason of 
 the opposition of dis- 
 gruntled politicians 
 to the working of the 
 Australian Ballot 
 Law, which has been 
 so effective in pro- 
 moting the purity of 
 elections in Massa- 
 chusetts, and he was 
 strenuous in his 
 efforts that as little 
 change as possible 
 should be made until 
 the people had be- 
 come accustomed to 
 its workings. In his 
 first year in the Leg- 
 islature he reported 
 from the committee 
 a " Bill to Secure the 
 Publication of Elec- 
 tion Expenses," and 
 was instrumental in 
 procuring its passage 
 through the House. 
 LInfortunately, how- 
 ever, it met its death 
 in the Senate, but 
 was the next year 
 passed and enacted, 
 after being materially modified and improved. In the 
 spring of 1892 Mr. Sprague was elected an alternate 
 delegate to the National Republican Convention at 
 Minneapolis from the eighth congressional district. Mr. 
 Sprague was married in November, 1891, to Mary 
 Bryant, daughter of the late George Langdon Pratt, of 
 Brookline, and is now living in Jamaica Plain. He is 
 a member of several social organizations, among others 
 the Athletic and University clubs. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 229 
 
 THE home office of that sohd Massachusetts institu- 
 tion, the American Legion of Honor, is located at 
 200 Huntington Avenue, Boston, and with it is identified 
 the name of Adam Warnock, who has occupied the 
 position of Supreme Secretary for over ten years. Mr. 
 Warnock's ancestors were Scotch Covenanters, and he 
 was born in New Y^ork City, Dec. 19, 1846, where he 
 received his education and business training. During 
 the war of the Rebellion he served in the United States 
 Navy, and is at pres- 
 ent a member of Post • 
 30, G. A. R., Depart- 
 ment of Massachu- 
 setts. Early in life 
 Mr. Warnock became 
 connected with fra- 
 ternal organizations, 
 in which his natural 
 force, strength of 
 character and will 
 power were soon rec- 
 ognized, and he be- 
 came a leader. He 
 became a member of 
 the American Legion 
 of Honor in Brook- 
 * lyn, and at the or- 
 gan i z a t i o n of the 
 (Irand Council of 
 New York he was 
 elected representa- 
 tive to the Supreme 
 Council, being 
 chosen Supreme Sec- 
 retary in 1882. In 
 this position his suc- 
 cess has been un- 
 ci u e s t i o n e d. t)f 
 untiring industry and 
 with consummate 
 
 ability he has devoted his time to the society's success. 
 His wise policy has led him to surround the institution 
 with all possible safeguards, while his aggressiveness is 
 on the alert constantly to make use of every opportunity 
 to increase the membership, and keep it in the front 
 rank. During his occupancy of the office of Supreme 
 Secretary, the American Legion of Honor has erected a 
 magnificent building for its headquarters ; has accumu- 
 lated a reser\'e fund of five hundred thousand dollars, 
 
 ADAM WARNOCK 
 
 with which to guarantee the payment of certificates, 
 and stands to-day one of the strongest organizations of 
 its kind in the country. Mr. Warnock is conceded to be 
 as well informed in regard to fraternal insurance as any 
 man in the country, and is a forceful and finished 
 speaker. His constructive ability is unsurpassed, and 
 many of the best features of the system have been 
 suggested by him. He has held many positions of trust 
 in other societies, having been for a number of years 
 
 Representative from 
 the State of New 
 York to the Supreme 
 Lodge, Knights of 
 Honor, President of 
 the Knights of 
 Honor Veteran Asso- 
 ciation, President of 
 the National Frater- 
 nal Congress, and 
 Grand Secretary of 
 the Royal Arcanum, 
 State of New York. 
 He was long a mem- 
 ber of Atlas Lodge, 
 F. & A. M., of New 
 York, and is now con- 
 nected with Colum- 
 bian Lodge of Boston. 
 He is also a member 
 of Corinthian Royal 
 Arch Chapter and 
 Ivanhoe Command- 
 ery. Knights Tem- 
 plar. He is con- 
 nected with the Odd 
 Fellows, Knights of 
 Pythias, and several 
 similar societies. 
 There are few men in 
 the country whose 
 opinion is weightier than his on all matters pertaining to 
 fraternal organizations. Mr. \Varnock takes an interest 
 in the better class of athletic sports, and is a good 
 amateur tennis player and oarsman, being a member of 
 the Union Boat Club and the Boston Athletic Associa- 
 tion. Since becoming Supreme Secretary of the American 
 Legion of Honor he has resided in Massachusetts, in a 
 pleasant home in Cambridge. Mr. Warnock was married 
 in 1872, his family consisting of wife and five children. 
 
2 so 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 GEORGK A. CLOUGH, ten times elected architect 
 of the city of Boston, stands in the front rank 
 of his profession in the United States. He was born in 
 Bluehill, Me., on May 27, 1843, being the son of Asa 
 and Louisa (Ray) Clough. Asa Clough was a man of 
 high reputation in Maine as a ship-builder, being nota- 
 ble for having built eighty-three ships during his life- 
 time. George A. Clough was educated in the Bluehill 
 Academy, and worked with his father when still a youth 
 for four years as a 
 draughtsman in the 
 ship-yards, drawing 
 the sweeps upon the 
 floor and forming 
 the molds for the 
 ship timber. In 
 March, 1863, Mr. 
 Clough came to Bos- 
 ton and began the 
 study of architecture 
 with George Snell, of 
 the firm of Snell & 
 Gregerson, a r c h i - 
 tects. He remained 
 with Mr. Snell until 
 i86g, when he went 
 into business f o r 
 himself. From the 
 start he was success- 
 ful, owing to his com- 
 p 1 e t e knowledge of 
 his profession, and in 
 May, 1874,' he was 
 elected city archi- 
 tect of Boston, being 
 the first man to hold 
 that position. M r . 
 Clough organized 
 the department, and 
 during his terms of 
 
 ofifice, which covered a period of ten successive years, 
 many notable public buildings were erected by the city 
 from his plans. Prominent among these is the English 
 High and Latin School building, on Montgomery Street, 
 in which structure he was the first to introduce the 
 German system, which provides for constructing the 
 building around open courts, thus affording ample light 
 and ventilation to all parts of it. Another notable 
 building is the Prince School, on Newlniry Street, which 
 
 GEORGE A. CLOUGH 
 
 fulfils the German plan for smaller school buildings, and 
 which was comjiieted in 1881. The pumping station at 
 the Westborough Insane Hospital, and the Suffolk County 
 Court House in Pemberton Square, Boston, are also on 
 Mr. Clough's plans. In school buildings Mr. Clough 
 especially manifested skill as an architect, and, since 
 1875, twenty-five or more of these have been built from 
 his plans and under his direction. Mr. Clough designed 
 the Marcella Street Home, the Lyman School for Boys, 
 
 the Durfee Memorial 
 Building at Fall 
 River, one of the 
 finest school edifices 
 in the world, the 
 Bridge Academy at 
 Dresden, Me., and 
 similar buildings all 
 over New England, 
 as well as in Penn- 
 sylvania and New 
 York. Recent build- 
 ings of his design 
 are the Fogg Memo- 
 rial at South Ber- 
 wick, Me., and Dana 
 Hall at Wellesley. 
 After extended com- 
 petition Mr. Clough's 
 designs for the Suf- 
 folk County Court 
 House were ac- 
 cepted. The build- 
 ing as erected, how- 
 ever, is the result of 
 radical modification 
 made by the com- 
 mission, a n d to a 
 considerable degree 
 does not represent 
 Mr. Clough's views 
 as expressed in the original design. He has exerted 
 a marked and beneficial influence upon the school 
 architecture of Massachusetts, the evolution of which 
 during the past few decades has been one of the striking 
 external features of the progress of the Commonwealth. 
 In 1876 Mr. Clough was married, at Thetford, Vt., to 
 Amelia M., daughter of Lyman Hinckley ; they have 
 three children living : Charles Henry, .4nnie Louisa and 
 Pamelia Morrill Clough. Their residence is in Brookline. 
 
BOSyON. 
 
 2?,\ 
 
 THAT a man has displayed exceptional ability in the 
 management of his own business is by no means 
 a certain proof that he will succeed in the management 
 of public affairs. But when to an unusual degree of 
 business sagacity are added invincible integrity and a 
 thorough understanding of public needs, you have the 
 making of a most useful public servant. The intricate 
 problems of municipal government have had in Boston 
 no better master than Charles Varney Whitten, ex- 
 pres i d e n t of the 
 Board of Aldermen. 
 Conscientious atten- 
 tion to detail has 
 been the key to his 
 success in both ])ri- 
 vate and public life. 
 He comes of Quaker 
 stock, having been 
 born in Vassalboro, 
 Me., May lo, 1829, 
 the son of Robert 
 Towne and Dorcas 
 H. Whitten. Mr. 
 Whitten has one 
 brother, Henry C, 
 and his sister, .Anna 
 S., now deceased, 
 was once a celebrated 
 soprano singer. The 
 early years of his life 
 were spent in his 
 native town, where 
 he attended the pub- 
 lic schools, finishing 
 his studies at Kent's 
 Hill Academy. At 
 the age of eighteen 
 he came to Boston 
 as book-keeper for 
 the firm of Kimball 
 
 & Fisk, retail clothiers. He remained with this firm 
 nine months, and then associated himself with John 
 Gove & Co., wholesale clothiers. He was with them 
 for a number of years. In 1858 the firm of Whitten, 
 Hopkins & Co. was established, Mr. Whitten becoming 
 the senior partner. In 1862 the firm of Whitten, Bur- 
 dett & Young was founded and began business in the 
 old Cathedral building. In 1872 the great fire cleaned 
 out the establishment, and the firm took temporary 
 
 CHARLES V WHITTEN 
 
 quarters on Chauncy Street. The Beebe block on 
 Winthrop Square having been completed, Whitten, 
 Burdett & Young moved in and took possession, the 
 firm name having since been changed to Burdett, Young 
 & Ingalls, and Mr. \\'hitten remaining as special partner. 
 He was also special partner in the firm of Simonds, 
 Hatch & ^Vhitten, wholesale dealers in furnishing goods. 
 Mr. Whitten has been a director in the Commonwealth 
 and Mechanics National banks and a trustee in the 
 
 Home Savings Bank 
 ever since its incor- 
 poration. In 1880 
 Mr. Whitten, at the 
 earnest solicitation of 
 his friends, became a 
 candidate for alder- 
 man, was elected and 
 re-elected the two 
 fol 1 o w i n g years. 
 When he again ran 
 for office, in 1884, 
 his victory was a 
 most pronounced 
 one. For two years 
 he was chairman of 
 the board, and was 
 regarded as pre-emi- 
 nently the business 
 man in that body. 
 His election in 1884 
 as a Democrat, by 
 over two hundred 
 majority, in a district 
 that gave Mayor 
 Martin over twehe 
 -- hundred majority, 
 
 shows the great hold 
 he had upon the peo- 
 ple of his district. 
 Mr. Whitten is a 
 member of a large number of societies and clubs, in- 
 cluding the Eastern and Hull Yacht clubs. Of the 
 latter he was commodore for several years, and has 
 done much to advance the interest in amateur yachting. 
 He is a prominent fancier and grower of roses, and on 
 his spacious grounds in Dorchester he has raised some 
 of the rarest and most beautiful varieties. He is an active 
 member of the Horticultural Society and of the Mas- 
 sachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association. 
 
2y. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-BAY. 
 
 IN the hands of .a young, wealthy and energetic man 
 was placed the management of the Republican cam- 
 paign of 1892 in Massachusetts, and the results, consid- 
 ered as a whole, amply justified the State Committee in 
 its choice of Eben Sumner Draper as chairman. He 
 was born in that part of Milford, Mass., which is now 
 Hopedale, June 15, 1858, the youngest son of George 
 and Hannah (Thwing) Draper. His early education 
 was obtained in 'public and private schools, and at the 
 age of fifteen years 
 he began a course of 
 instruction in m e - 
 chanical engineering 
 at the Massachusetts 
 Institute of T e c h - 
 nology. Graduating 
 from this institution 
 in 1880, he went to 
 work in the draught- 
 i n g department of 
 the manufacturing 
 concerns at H o p e - 
 dale. The technical 
 and scientific train- 
 ing which he had 
 received was of great 
 value to him in later 
 years, and he soon 
 became a prominent 
 figure in his father's 
 extensive machine 
 shops at Hopedale. 
 He learned t h o r - 
 oughly the practical 
 part of the manufac- 
 ture of machinery 
 and cotton goods. 
 At the age of twenty- 
 one he was admitted 
 as partner in the firm 
 
 of George Draper & Sons, consisting of his father and 
 his two brothers. General W. F. and G. A. Dra])er. He 
 has other business interests, being director in over a 
 dozen manufacturing companies, among them being the 
 Hopedale Machine Company, — manufacturers ot the 
 finest cotton machinery in the country, — the Sawyer 
 Spindle Company, the Dutcher-Temple Company, the 
 Hopedale Machine Screw Company, the Globe Yarn 
 Mills, the Continental Mills of Lewiston, and the Cilas- 
 
 EBEN S. DRAPER 
 
 gow Thread Company. In addition to these corpora- 
 tions, he is a director in several railroad com]janies. 
 Business interests have not engrossed the whole of Mr. 
 Draper's attention, however, for he has been a diligent 
 student of political problems. He was present at the 
 first meeting of the organizers of the Home Market 
 Club, was chosen on its first board of directors, and is 
 still a member of the board. In politics Mr. Draper is 
 a strong Republican and a stanch advocate of protec- 
 tion, but he has never 
 sought political o f - 
 fice, although having 
 served on several im- 
 portant committees, 
 and several times 
 been elected a dele- 
 gate to conventions. 
 After a spirited con- 
 test he was chosen to 
 the office of chairman 
 of the Republican 
 State Central Com- 
 mittee in January, 
 1892. He is con- 
 nected with several 
 social organizations, 
 among them the 
 Boston Athletic, the 
 Union and Algonquin 
 clubs. For three 
 years he was a mem- 
 ber of the First Corps 
 of Cadets, and is now 
 in the Veteran Corps. 
 Mr. Draper took a 
 prominent and influ- 
 ential part in the 
 long contest which 
 resulted in the estab- 
 lishment of the town 
 of Hopedale, and has a strong hold upon the esteem and 
 gratitude of his fellow-townsmen. In 1883 Mr. Draper 
 was married to Miss Nannie Bristow, daughter of Gen- 
 eral Bristow, ex-secretary of the treasury. They ha\e 
 two children, and their pleasant home is in Hojiedale. 
 In recognition of his management of the Republican 
 campaign of 1892 the leading members of his party in 
 Massachusetts united in giving him a banquet in Boston 
 in December of that vear. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 233 
 
 IN Massachusetts politics of recent years it is the 
 young man who has played the most important parts. 
 He has shaped the policy of the party, controlled the 
 management, and filled the offices. Of no young man 
 has the rise been more rapid than of Abraham C. Rat- 
 shesky, the brilliant secretary of the Republican State 
 Central Committee. He was born in Boston, Nov. 6, 
 1864, the son of Asher and Bertha Ratshesky. He at- 
 tended the public schools, and graduated with high honors 
 from the Rice Train- 
 ing School, as num- 
 ber one in his class, 
 and won the medal 
 offered in competi- 
 tion for scholars of 
 any grammar school 
 in the United States 
 for the best essay on 
 the battle of Lexing- 
 ton. He then en- 
 tered the Boston 
 Latin School, and 
 pursued his studies 
 there until going into 
 business with his 
 father and brother. 
 The firm of A. Rat- 
 shesky & Sons was 
 succeeded in 1891, 
 upon the death of 
 his father, by L & A. 
 C. Ratshesky, who 
 now carry on one of 
 the largest wholesale 
 and retail clothing 
 establishments in the 
 city, in the magnifi- 
 cent building erected 
 by them on the cor- 
 ner of Blackstone, 
 
 Hanover and North Centre streets. Mr. Ratshesky 
 has charge of large estates, and occupies many positions 
 of trust in the financial world, being treasurer in no less 
 than ten institutions, and president and director in as 
 many more. In the political field he has been singu- 
 larly successful, his career having begun in 18S9, when 
 he was elected to the Boston Common Council from 
 Ward 18, and served in that body for three successive 
 terms. In 1892 he was the Republican leader in the 
 
 ABRAHAM C. RATSHESKY 
 
 Council, and made a most creditable record as an able 
 and honest legislator, being always in the front rank of 
 the best speakers on all important questions. He has 
 served on everv one of the important committees of 
 the City Government. He was elected to the Republi- 
 can State Committee for 1891 and 1892, and was unan- 
 imously chosen secretary of the committee for 1892, the 
 choice being regarded as a most fortunate one. He was 
 re-elected to the committee for 1893. In 1891 he was 
 
 a delegate to the 
 National Republican 
 Convention of Re- 
 publican League 
 Clubs, held in Cin- 
 cinnati, and in 1892 
 was a delegate to the 
 National Republican 
 Convention in Min- 
 neapolis, being sec- 
 retary of the Massa- 
 chusetts delegation, 
 and one of President 
 Harrison's warmest 
 supporters. In 1892 
 he was unanimously 
 nominated for sena- 
 tor by the Republi- 
 can party in the 
 Seventh Suffolk Dis- 
 trict, and although 
 the district is one of 
 the Democratic 
 strongholds of the 
 State, and w-as repre- 
 sented by a Demo- 
 crat whose plurality 
 was over twelve hun- 
 dred, Mr. Ratshesky 
 overcame this im- 
 mense vote, and was 
 elected by about five hundred plurality — a striking 
 proof of his popularity. Mr. Ratshesky was one of the 
 organizers of the Republican Club of Massachusetts, is 
 a member of the Home Market Club, the Boston Mar- 
 ketmen's Republican Club, the Mercantile Library As- 
 sociation, Past Noble Grand of Montezuma Lodge, 
 I. O. O. F., Past Chief Patriarch of Buckingham En- 
 campment, I. O. G. F., and a member of many leading 
 social clubs of the citv. 
 
J34 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 RVN. JOSHUA P. BODFISH was born in Fal- 
 mouth, Mass., March 29, 1839. His ancestors 
 were among the first settlers on Cape Cod, and were 
 largely engaged in shipbuilding, an industry that was 
 extensively carried on in that section of Massachusetts 
 in the early days. One of his ancestors, Robert Bodfish, 
 was one of five who purchased from the Indians all the 
 land now embraced within the limits of the town of 
 Sandwich. Another, William Bodfish, represented Sand- 
 wich in the General 
 Court for nine years, 
 and took an active 
 part in the exciting 
 events immediately 
 preceding the Revo- 
 lution. Father Bod- 
 fish was raised in the 
 Orthodox church, 
 but when the matter 
 of studying for the 
 ministry was seri- 
 ously entered upon, 
 he became dissatis- 
 fied with what he 
 terms " the inc o n- 
 sistencies of Calvin- 
 ism," and, therefore 
 abandoning the creed 
 of his fathers, stud- 
 ied and took orders 
 in the E p i s c o p al 
 church, officiating 
 for some time as as- 
 sistant minister at 
 All Saints' Church, 
 Philadelphia. While 
 here, from a study of 
 the works of the late 
 Cardinal Newman 
 and others, he be- 
 came satisfied that the orders of the Anglican church 
 were not valid, and the result of this study was that he 
 turned to the Catholic church. He was baptized a 
 Catholic by Bishop Domenec, of Pittsburg, Penn., in 
 1863, pursued his initial theological studies with the 
 Lazarist Fathers at the Seminary of Our I.ady of the 
 Angels, Niagara, and when that institution was destroyed 
 by fire he went to Seton Hall, New Jersey, where he 
 finished his jsreliminary course. He then joined the 
 
 late Father Hecker's Paulist community in New York, 
 and was ordained priest Nov. 30, 1866. Father Bod- 
 fish remained with the Paulists for ten years, engaged in 
 missionary work, lecturing and preaching throughout 
 the country. While with this energetic band of mission- 
 aries he organized and built u]) the Young Men's Cath- 
 olic Society, connected with the church of the com- 
 munity in New York, which became a large and devoted 
 band of earnest young men. Coming to Boston in 
 
 1876, he was sta- 
 tioned at the cathe- 
 dral, where he occu- 
 pied for some years 
 the positions of 
 chancellor of the 
 archdiocese and sec- 
 retary to Archbishop 
 Williams. Later he 
 became rector of the 
 cathedral, and in 
 1888 he was ap- 
 pointed to the pas- 
 toral charge of St. 
 John's Church, Can- 
 ton, Mass., over 
 which parish he still 
 presides, having ren- 
 ovated and beautified 
 the church and im- 
 proved the chiirch 
 property by the 
 erection of a fine 
 residence. In No- 
 vember, 1891, he 
 observed the twenty- 
 fifth anniversary of 
 his ordination to the 
 priesthood. Father 
 Bodfish is of digni- 
 fied and command- 
 ing presence, a brilliant lecturer and controversalist, 
 a man of decided intellectual and social tastes, and 
 an enthusiastic son of New England. He was one 
 of the founders of the Antiquarian Society, afterwards 
 incorporated as the Bostonian Society, and a director 
 in it for many years. He is also a director in the 
 Bunker Hill Monument Association, a member of the 
 New England Historic Genealogical Society, and of the 
 Thursday Evening and St. Botolph clubs. 
 
 JOSHUA P. BODFISH 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 235 
 
 CHARLES ENDICOTT, tax commissioner of the 
 Commonwealth of Massachusetts and also com- 
 missioner of corporations, has been in public life for 
 nearly fifty years, with only short interniptions. He was 
 born in Canton, Norfolk Count)', Mass., Oct. 28, 1822, 
 being the son of Elijah and Cynthia (Childs) Endicott. 
 His early educational advantages were only those which 
 could be obtained in the public schools of Canton, and 
 he was from the first trained to a life of practical en- 
 deavor, being r e- 
 quired to work on 
 his father's farm and 
 at boot making in 
 his early days. In 
 1846, when o n 1 y 
 twenty-four years of 
 age, he was called 
 upon to begin what 
 has proved to be a 
 unique career in the 
 service of his fellow- 
 citizens, being ap- 
 pointed deputy sher- 
 iff of Norfolk County, 
 an office, which in 
 those days carried 
 with it much local 
 distinction. In the 
 early fifties he took 
 up the study of the 
 law, entering the 
 office of the late 
 Ellis Ames, of Can- 
 ton, and in 1857 he 
 was admitted to the 
 bar to practise as an 
 attorney and c o u n - 
 sellor-at-Iaw. The 
 citizens of Canton 
 early recognized the 
 
 worth of Mr. Endicott, and he was from time to time 
 called upon to fill nearly all the offices of local trust. 
 He was a county commissioner for a period of six years, 
 and was also commissioner of insolvency, being first 
 appointed by the governor and subsequently elected by 
 the people ; was a representative in the General Court 
 in 1851, 1857 and 1858; was sent to the State Senate 
 in 1866 and 1867 ; was a member of the executive 
 council in 1S68 and 1869; was State auditor in the 
 
 CHARLES ENDICOTT 
 
 years 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874 and 1875, and was 
 elected treasurer of the Commonwealth in 1876, 1877, 
 1878, 1879 and 1880, a rare political compliment. He 
 held the office of State treasurer as long as any man is 
 permitted to hold it under the Constitution. In 1881 
 he was made deputy tax commissioner, and later com- 
 missioner, and also commissioner of corporations, offices 
 of much responsibility and labor. In financial and 
 corporate circles Mr. Endicott is looked upon as a high 
 
 authority, and the 
 annual reports of his 
 departments form 
 valuable additions to 
 the statistics of the 
 State. He is a di- 
 rector in the N o r - 
 folk Mutual Fire 
 Insurance Company, 
 a director in the 
 Neponset National 
 Bank, and was for 
 forty years a trustee 
 of the Canton Insti- 
 tution for Savings, of 
 which institution he 
 is now president. 
 Mr. Endicott has 
 been twice married, 
 his first wife being 
 Miriam Webb, whom 
 he married in Can- 
 ton, Sept. 30, 1845. 
 Of this marriage 
 there was one child : 
 Charles W. Endicott. 
 His second wife was 
 Augusta G. Dins- 
 more, and the wed- 
 ding was in Charles- 
 town, N. H., Oct. 2 
 1848. Two children were born of this marriage : Edward 
 D. and Cynthia A. (Endicott) Field, wife of R. M. 
 Field. Having been for so many years in the offices of 
 State auditor, treasurer and tax commissioner, Mr. Endi- 
 cott is probably as well versed as any other man in Mas- 
 sachusetts on all matters relating to the finances of the 
 State. Mr. Endicott resides in Canton, where his early 
 successes were made and his career as a public ser\-ant 
 commenced. 
 
J36 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE "Puritan," " Mayfl ovver " and "Volunteer" are 
 household words. The man who wrested yachting 
 laurels from all comers and placed them on Columbia's 
 brow belongs to Massachusetts. Charles Jackson Paine- 
 yachtsman, was born in Boston, Mass., on Aug. 26, 1S33. 
 He is a great-grandson of Robert Treat Paine, signer 
 of the Declaration of Independence. Charles Jackson 
 Paine was graduated from Harvard in the class of 1S53, 
 among his classmates being Charles W. Eliot, Robert S. 
 Rantoul and Justin 
 •W" insor. Subse- 
 quently he studied 
 law with R u f u s 
 Choate and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, 
 but has not practised 
 since the war. He 
 married the daughter 
 of John Bryant, Jr., 
 and by inheritance 
 and successful ven- 
 tures in railroad en- 
 terprises became in 
 early life the posses- 
 sor of a large fortune. 
 On Oct. 8, 1 86 1, he 
 entered the Union 
 .'\rmy as captain in 
 the Twenty-second 
 Massachusetts I n - 
 fantry, and served 
 with it until Jan. 14, 
 1862, when he was 
 promoted to major of 
 the Thirtieth Massa- 
 chusetts Regiment. 
 On Oct. 2, 1862, he 
 was commissioned as 
 colonel of the Second 
 Louisiana Regiment, 
 
 and served with it until March 4, 1864, when he resigned. 
 He commanded a brigade during the siege of Port 
 Hudson in the summer of 1863. In March, 1864, he 
 joined General Butler in Virginia, and in the following 
 month took part in the battle of Drury's Bluff. On 
 July 4, 1864, he was appointed brigadier-general of 
 volunteers, and led a division of colored troops in the 
 attack of New Market, Va., Sept. 29, 1864. He partici- 
 pated in the capture of Fort Fisher in January, 1865. 
 
 CHARLES J PAINE 
 
 Subsequently he served under General Sherman in 
 North Carolina, and after the surrender of Lee com- 
 manded the district of Newbern. He was brevetted 
 major-general of volunteers for his services at Fort 
 Fisher, and on Jan. 15, 1866, was mustered out of the 
 service. General Paine from earliest boyhood took an 
 ardent interest in yachting, and became a master of 
 yacht designing and sailing. In 1877 he purchased the 
 " Halcyon," and so improved her that she became one 
 
 of the fastest sailing 
 craft of her kind, 
 ranking with the 
 "Grayling" and 
 "Montauk." In 
 1885 General Paine 
 formed the syndicate 
 that built the " Puri- 
 tan," and also served 
 at the head of the 
 committeewhich had 
 charge of her during 
 the races of the 
 year. Later he be- 
 came sole owner of 
 the " Puritan," but 
 soon after sold her 
 to Commodore 
 Forbes. In 1886 
 he built the " May- 
 flower," which de- 
 feated the "Galatea," 
 and, in i 8 8 7 , the 
 " Volunteer," which 
 successfully de- 
 fended the Ameri- 
 ca's cup against the 
 "Thistle." The 
 "Puritan," "May- 
 flower" and "Volun- 
 teer " were all de- 
 signed by Edward Burgess, but that gentleman during his 
 lifetime frequently testified to the generous and heljjful 
 part which General Paine took in their construction. In 
 February, 1888, the New Vork Vacht Club, of which 
 General Paine is a member, in recognition of his triple 
 successful defence of the America's cup, presented him 
 a silver cup commemorating his victories. General 
 Paine lives in Boston, and has a summer residence at 
 Weston, Mass. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 237 
 
 IN the development and use of the great inventions 
 which have especially marked the world's progress 
 during the nineteenth century, — the steamboat, the 
 railroad, the telegraph and the telephone, — America 
 has taken the lead. Unknown less than twenty )ears 
 ago, the telephone has already brought about such 
 radical changes in commercial methods and social life 
 that it easily takes equal rank with its three predeces- 
 sors. To-day no place in the United States of more 
 than five thousand 
 inhabitants is without 
 its telephone ex- 
 change, and every 
 year a quarter of a 
 million exchange 
 subscribers carry on 
 more than five hun- 
 dred million conver- 
 sations. These ex- 
 changes are so knit 
 together by connect- 
 ing lines that towns 
 and cities very widely 
 separated talk to- 
 gether with ease. 
 Indeed, all the great 
 cities of the United 
 States north of Wash- 
 ington and east of 
 Chicago intercom- 
 municate readily by 
 telephone, the open- 
 ing of the line from 
 New York to Chi- 
 cago, on the eigh- 
 teenth day of Octo- 
 ber, 1892, marking 
 an event in the de- 
 velopment of long- 
 distance lines. This 
 
 work is wholly carried on by companies licensed by the 
 American Bell Telephone Company, and using its instru- 
 ments. In this achievement Massachusetts may well 
 take a peculiar pride. The telephone was invented by 
 one of her citizens, and its usefulness has been devel- 
 oped and its business built up by Massachusetts men. 
 Prominent in the councils of the companv from the begin- 
 ning has been its present president, John K. Hudson. Mr. 
 ■Hudson was born in Lynn, Essex County, Aug. j, 1839, 
 
 JOHN E. HUDSON 
 
 the son of John and'Elizabeth C. (Hilliard) Hudson. He 
 was educated at the common schools of that city, and 
 after graduating from the High School he prepared himself 
 for college. He was admitted to Harvard in 1858, and 
 was graduated in the class of 1862, valedictorian sinnma 
 cum laudc. From 1862 to 1865 he remained in the 
 university as tutor in Greek, Latin and ancient history, 
 and, while attending to these duties, took the regular 
 course of the Law School. He finished his studies in 
 
 the office of Messrs. 
 Chandler, Shattuck & 
 Thayer, at old No. 4 
 Court Street, Boston, 
 and in the fall of 
 1866 was admitted 
 to the Massachusetts 
 bar. In February, 
 1870, upon the re- 
 tirement of Mr. Shat- 
 tuck, he became a 
 member of the firm 
 (Chandler, Thayer & 
 Hudson until 1S74, 
 and afterwards 
 Chandler, Ware* & 
 Hudson), and so re- 
 mained until 1878, 
 when the firm was 
 dissolved, and he re- 
 turned to his own 
 practice. In 1879, 
 with George Fred 
 Williams, he edited 
 Vol. 10 of the United 
 States Digest, intro- 
 ducing a substantially 
 complete change in 
 the classification 
 adopted in that work. 
 In 1880, on the for- 
 mation of the American Bell Telephone Company, Mr. 
 Hudson becajiie general counsel of the company and 
 gradually withdrew from other practice. In 1885, upon 
 certain changes in the executive offices, he took up the 
 duties of the general manager, to which were added in 
 1887 those of the vice-presidency. In 1889 he was 
 made president. Mr. Hudson is also president of the 
 American Telephone and Telegraph Company — the 
 Long Distance Company. 
 
238 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 A SUCCESSFUL merchant and business man, Mr. 
 George L. Stevens has acquired an enviable and 
 honorable position in Boston circles, whether in the 
 lines of manufacturing and trade or in a social way. He 
 is the president of the \Varren Soap Manufacturing 
 Company, the largest manufacturers of textile soaps, 
 wool scourers and chemicals in America, a position 
 which he fills with great energy and ability. Possessed 
 of great personal magnetism, he forcibly illustrates in 
 his personality the 
 power of self-control 
 a n d of convincing 
 argument in what- 
 ever he seeks to ac- 
 complish, and has 
 therefore been suc- 
 cessful in a high 
 degree. Magnani- 
 mous, just and gener- 
 o u s to a fault, he 
 wins friendship in 
 every sphere of ac- 
 tion, and commands 
 a healthful influence 
 wherever he is 
 known. Though he 
 holds membership in 
 several important 
 clubs, social and oth- 
 erwise, he rarely 
 avails himself of their 
 privileges, preferring 
 as a rule the quiet of 
 the home circle after 
 the active and ardu- 
 ous duties of the day 
 are closed. Mr. Ste- 
 vens was born in the 
 State of Maine forty 
 years ago. On ac- 
 count of a complication of adverse circumstances, after 
 receiving his education, he began his business life with 
 very little aid from any one. Concerning his early life, 
 Mr. Stevens says : " I knew it would be a hard struggle, 
 but I determined like Richelieu that there should be no 
 such word as fail." His ancestry was of the best old Puri- 
 tan stock that, according to the old family genealogy, 
 came to this country from England between the years 
 1620 and 1700. One of these, his maternal ancestor. 
 
 GEORGE L. STEVENS 
 
 was John Coolidge, who came from Cambridgeshire and 
 settled in Watertown in 1630. The subject of this short 
 biographical sketch is the seventh generation in descent 
 from Colonel John Phipps, a nephew of the famous Sir 
 William Phipps, who was governor of New England in 
 1690, and whose life was written by his personal friend. 
 Cotton Mather, in his celebrated " Magnalia." From 
 his revered mother Mr. Stevens early imbibed the pride 
 of birth, and a spirit of patriotism and love of country, 
 
 having heard from 
 her lips thrilling ac- 
 counts of the perils 
 which his ancestors 
 — one of whom was 
 in the French and 
 Indian wars, and an- 
 other, his great- 
 grandfather, an 
 officer in the Revolu- 
 tionary War for seven 
 years — had under- 
 gone in their heroic 
 efforts to lay the 
 foundations of our 
 ■ government. Pos- 
 sessed of the strictest 
 commercial integrity, 
 Mr. Stevens's motto 
 through life has been, 
 " Pay every man what 
 thou owest," and the 
 high standing of the 
 company, of which he 
 is the head and chief 
 factor, is a monument 
 to his judgment, un- 
 tiring energy and 
 industry in its build- 
 ing up. The works 
 of the Warren Soap 
 Manufacturing Company are in Watertown, Mass., the 
 headquarters are in Boston, and there is a branch office 
 in Philadelphia. The Boston office of the company is 
 on Federal Street. Mr. Stevens is a member of Colum- 
 bian Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, St. Paul's 
 Royal Arch Chapter, Boston Commandery, Knights 
 Templar, Boston Council of Royal and Select Masters, 
 and of Massachusetts Consi-story. He resides on Alaska 
 Street, Boston Highlands. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 239 
 
 AMONG the most successful of the younger genera- 
 tion of newsjiaper men in Massachusetts stands 
 Fred Krwin Whiting, who is at present clerk of the cor- 
 poration of the Boston Herald Company, and assistant 
 business manager of that journal. He is also a director 
 in the company, and one of three executors of the will 
 of the late Mr. Pulsifer. He is the son of George Fred- 
 erick and Harriet Louisa (Learned) Whiting, and was 
 born in Brookline, Norfolk (bounty, Dec. 21, 1857. He 
 traces his American- 
 ism back to 1643. 
 His early educational 
 training was received 
 in private schools 
 and the Cambridge 
 High School. He 
 was fitted for college 
 matriculation in the 
 latter school, entered 
 Harvard College, 
 and was graduated 
 in the class of 1S80. 
 After leaving college 
 Mr. Whiting was one 
 
 year with the Boston 
 Knob Company, of 
 which his father was 
 president. He then 
 cast his lot with the 
 Boston Herald, act- 
 ing as private secre- 
 tary to Mr. R. M. 
 Pulsifer, its manager. 
 This position carried 
 with it grave respon- 
 sibility, as during the 
 absence abroad of 
 Mr. Pulsifer, the 
 young secretary's at- 
 tention was called to 
 
 the many outside interests of his employer. He dis- 
 played such marked executive ability that in March, 
 1888, he was admitted as partner in the firm that owned 
 and i)ul)lished the Herald. It was in May of the same 
 year, when the entire Herald property was turned over 
 to the present Boston Herald Company, that, in the ad- 
 justment of matters, Mr. Whiting assumed his present 
 positions. He became treasurer of the Cambridge 
 Democratic ward and city committee in 1879, and acted 
 
 FRED E. WHITING 
 
 in that capacity for three years. He is director and 
 treasurer of, the Hotel and Railroad News Company, 
 treasurer of the Hotel Pemberton Company, and of the 
 Tuxpan Oil Company. He is a life member of the 
 Young Men's Christian Union, and a member of the 
 Masonic order. Mr. Whiting was married in Cambridge 
 Oct. 10, 1883, to Amy Estelle, daughter of Thomas T. 
 and Clara Ophelia (Rolfe) Ferguson. Mrs. Whiting is 
 a lineal descendant of Captain John Rolfe, who married 
 
 Pocahontas, the fa- 
 mous Indian maid of 
 Virginia. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Whiting have 
 two children. The 
 family residence is 
 at Auburndale. Mr. 
 Whiting is a young 
 man of broad grasp 
 in business methods. 
 He is essentially 
 modern in his ideas, 
 and is a man of his 
 day and generation. 
 He possesses that 
 executive ability 
 which is a nat- 
 ural gift, and an 
 invaluable one to 
 men engaged in the 
 turmoil of business 
 life. He has crowded 
 into a few years a 
 wide experience of 
 men and matters, 
 covering a broad 
 field of activities. 
 To his restless en- 
 ergy and business 
 vim the Herald owes 
 much of its present 
 prosperity, and the reputation of_being a live newspaper, 
 with live men in charge of its destiny. Many of its 
 brightest ideas and its most successful features have 
 originated in Mr. Whiting's active mind, and he is ever 
 on the alert for opportunities to extend the already wide- 
 spread influence of the Herald, which for many years 
 has ranked among the foremost journals of the country. 
 The success of Mr. Whiting is well worthy the study 
 and emulation of all ambitious boys of Massachusetts. 
 
240 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 BENJAMIN JOHNSON, manager of the New Em-- 
 land Groar, is a pioneer in trade journalism in 
 the United States ; and as the Nmi Ent^himf Grocer is 
 the representative of the highest order of an indepen- 
 dent trade journal, so is Mr. Johnson a representative 
 journalist. Mr. Johnson was publishing a paper in 
 South Reading, Mass., now Wakefield, at the beginning 
 of the war. In 1862 he joined the navy and served 
 under Commodore Foote and was present at the taking 
 of Island No. 10 in 
 the Mississippi. He 
 also served under 
 Admirals Davis, 
 Walker, Porter and 
 Winslow. He was 
 on board the gun- 
 boat Baron de Kalb, 
 
 when it was blown up y<f 
 
 under the confeder- 
 ate fort on the Yazoo 
 River in the rear of 
 Vicksburg. Mr. 
 
 Johnson's experience ' 
 
 also includes eight 
 years' service in the 
 Boston post-office. 
 Founded at a time 
 when trade journal- 
 ism was in its in- 
 fancy, the New Eiig- 
 l a n d Grocer has 
 grown until it is now 
 the largest and most 
 influential grocery 
 journal in the United 
 States. Its ])olicy 
 has always been a 
 thoroughly inde- 
 pendent one, guided 
 by principle and right. 
 
 The New England Grocer commenced its successful 
 career more than fifteen years ago. June 6, 1877, was 
 the date of the initial number, when it was founded by 
 its present manager, Mr. Johnson. At that time it was 
 a new venture, and the trade was slow to appreciate the 
 value of having a paper entirely given up to its interests. 
 In those days the value of advertising to their customers 
 was not appreciated by merchants as it is to-day, when 
 the trade journal exercises a potent influence for good 
 
 BENJAMIN JOHNSON. 
 
 in the special field which it occupies. Not timorously, 
 but with becoming modesty, the Neiv England Grocer 
 started. Its first number had a total of but twelve 
 pages, but by an intelligent, independent course, and by 
 an earnest devotion to the best interests of its constit- 
 uency it gained the confidence of the trade. Thus it 
 grew, and the business pressure upon its columns neces- 
 sitated constant additions to its pages, until at the 
 present time its regular weekly issue never falls below 
 
 sixty pages, but runs 
 at seventy-two pages 
 a large part of the 
 time ; and it some- 
 times reaches a hun- 
 dred. Its circulation 
 and influence have 
 fully kept pace with 
 its mechanical ex- 
 pansion, until now it 
 reaches each week 
 practically the entire 
 trade in every sec- 
 tion of the country, 
 penetrating the re- 
 mo t e s t hamlets o f 
 N e w E n g 1 a n d. It 
 was with the New 
 England Grocer that 
 the idea of forming 
 a grocers' associa- 
 tion originated, and 
 to-day flourishing or- 
 ganizations exist in 
 nearly e\ery impor- 
 tant city in the 
 United States. Mr. 
 Johnson is a m p 1 y 
 qualified for the work 
 to which he devotes 
 his life. He has a 
 thoroughly practical knowledge of the business in all its 
 branches, and is active, energetic, enterprising and pro- 
 gressive. In October, 1890, a stock company, under 
 the title of the New England Retail Grocers' Publishing 
 Company was formed, the idea being to extend the 
 influence and usefulness of the paper. Of the present 
 prosperous corporation Mr. Johnson was appointed 
 the general manager, a position which he holds at the 
 present time. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 241 
 
 SAMUEL ROADS, JR., was born in Marblehead, Mass., 
 Oct. 22, 1853. He is tlie eldest son of Samuel 
 and Emma L. (Woodfin) Roads, and is the sixth of 
 the name in direct descent from one of the earliest 
 settlers of that town. His family traces its lineage back 
 to several of the most prominent families of New England, 
 Dr. Elisha Story, an eminent physician and surgeon in 
 the Continental Army during the War of the Revolution, 
 being one of his ancestors. Captain John Harris, who 
 commanded the ship 
 in which one of the 
 first emissaries of the 
 Continental Congress 
 w a s conveyed to 
 France during the 
 Re\olution, and who 
 subsequently lost his 
 life in the patriot 
 cause, was another. 
 Major John Ruddock, 
 a prominent ship- 
 builder, selectman 
 of Boston, and a 
 conspicuous charac- 
 ter during the colo- 
 nial era, is included 
 in the list, as are 
 also the Ornes, the 
 Roundys and Wood- 
 fins of Marblehead, 
 families well-known 
 among the sturdy 
 yeomanry of that his- 
 toric old town. Mr. 
 Roads received his 
 early education i n 
 the public schools. 
 He early develo])ed 
 a literary talent and 
 a taste for journal- 
 ism, in which latter profession he has become widely 
 known. Before coming of age he demonstrated his 
 ability in this line of work in the conduct of a local 
 paper published in his native town. He soon formed 
 connections with the Boston Post, Boston Globe, and 
 other metropolitan papers, and has since been engaged 
 in this and other literary work. Mr. Roads is the 
 author of the interesting and widely read " History 
 and Traditions of Marblehead," a work published by 
 
 MM^^:^^^ 
 
 m ^ 
 
 SAMUEL ROADS, JR 
 
 Houghton, Osgood & Co., in 1880, which has been 
 aptly termed by reviewers " a model history of an 
 American town." His first public office was as a mem- 
 ber of the Board of Trustees of Abbot Public Library 
 of Marblehead, to which he was elected in 1883. In 
 November of that year he was elected a member of the 
 House of Representatives, and served by continuous 
 re-elections during the sessions of 1884, 1885 and 1S86. 
 In 1S87 and 1888 he was a member of the State Senate, 
 
 representing the 
 second Essex d i s- 
 trict, comprising the 
 city of Salem and 
 the towns of Marble- 
 head and Beverly. 
 The district has a 
 large Republican 
 majority, but Mr. 
 Roads, though a 
 Democrat in poli- 
 tics, was twice 
 elected by phenom 
 enal majorities. In 
 1888 he received the 
 honor of a unani- 
 m o u s nomination 
 for representative in 
 Congress by the 
 Democrats of the 
 seventh congres- 
 sional district, and 
 though defeated at 
 the polls after a most 
 spirited contest, 
 demonstrated h i s 
 popularity as s can- 
 didate by receiving 
 nearly one thousand 
 votes ahead of his 
 party ticket. Mr. 
 Roads has shown marked ability in the public positions 
 to which he has been called, and while in the Legisla- 
 ture was recognized as one of the leading members of 
 his party. He commanded respect and won merited 
 encomiums for his strength and force as a debater, and 
 the tact and talent exhibited in the management of the 
 many important measures in which he took a lively 
 interest. In 1891 he was appointed private sec- 
 retary to the governor, a position which he still holds. 
 
242 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THK oldest newspaper editor in New England, and 
 perhaps in America to-day, is Patrick Donahoe, 
 owner of the Boston Pilot. His life has been a long 
 series of successes and reverses, of struggles and victo- 
 ries, until to-day he stands at the head of the most 
 influential, among the distinctively Catholic, newspapers 
 of the United States, and is the most respected and 
 widely known among the Irish American newspaper 
 men of this Republic. Thoroughly, though not obtru- 
 sively Irish and Cath- 
 olic in his opinions, 
 he enjoys the good- 
 will and esteem of 
 his fellow-c i ti ze ns 
 and countrymen 
 without distinction 
 of creed, and is 
 looked upon as one 
 of the best and 
 truest types of his 
 race and religion. 
 Mr. Donahoe is 
 seventy-seven years 
 old, having been 
 born in Mummery, 
 parish of Kilmore, 
 County Ca\'an, Ire- 
 land, March 17, 
 1 81 5. ^\'hen a lad 
 he came to Boston, 
 and learned the 
 type-setting business 
 in the office of the 
 Columbian Ceiitinel. 
 Soon after he took 
 charge, in conjunc- 
 tion with Mr. Deve- 
 reaux, of a paper 
 called the yesuit, 
 which had been pub 
 
 lished for a short time by Bishop Fenwick, and changed 
 its name to the Literary ami Caf/iolic .Sciitiiicl. Later 
 on, in 1836, Messrs. Donahoe and Devereaux estab- 
 lished the Pilot, which after more than half a century 
 of existence, is still the great exponent of Catholic 
 doctrines in New England. By Mr. Donahoe's exer- 
 tions the Pilot was made an extraordinary success, and 
 so it remained up to the disastrous fire of 1872, when 
 Mr. Donahoe's splendid building and i)rinting materials 
 
 PATRICK DONAHOE 
 
 were destroyed a second time, resulting in a loss to him 
 of §300,000. Soon after he was burned out a third 
 time. The panic followed, and the friends who had 
 loaned him money were compelled, reluctantly, to with- 
 draw their assistance from him. But with sublime faith 
 in the goodness of Providence, he placed his property 
 at the disposal of his creditors, although it had so depre- 
 ciated in value that it did not realize anything near its 
 proper value. Archbishop Williams and John Boyle 
 
 O'Reilly, however, 
 purchased the entire 
 plant of the Pilot, 
 between them, and 
 Mr. Donahoe's 
 creditors were paid 
 off in yearly instal- 
 ments. The national 
 fame of the Pilot 
 was maintained, and 
 its circulation 
 increased, under the 
 editorship of the 
 lamented O'Reilly, 
 until, on his death, it 
 once more passed 
 into the hands of 
 the man who had 
 founded it, and is 
 to-day conducted by 
 him with all the fire 
 and enthusiasm of his 
 youth. Fifty years 
 ago Mr. Donahoe 
 established a foreign 
 exchange and pas- 
 senger agency which 
 he still conducts, 
 and in 1878 founded 
 " Donahoe's Monthly 
 Magazine," which 
 has attained wide circulation and popularity. It has 
 recently passed into other hands. Mr. Donahoe was 
 twice married; first in 1836, and again in 1853. One 
 son, Mr. Chrysostom P. Donahoe, survives, of the first 
 marriage, while of the three sons and a daughter, the 
 offspring of the second marriage, perhaps the best 
 known is Mr. J. Frank Donahoe, organist of the Cathe- 
 dral of the Holy Cross, a prime favorite in Boston's 
 musical circles. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 243 
 
 REV. DENNIS O'CALLAGHAN, pastor of St. 
 .Augustine's Church, South Boston, Mass., is one 
 of the most able and eloquent priests in New England, 
 while he has as well that cordiality of manner that wins 
 the love of his own people and the respect of all. 
 Father O'Callaghan was born in Ireland about fifty-three 
 years ago, but when he was very young his parents 
 emigrated to this country and settled in Salem, Mass., 
 where the subject of this sketch received his early edu- 
 cation. Later he 
 entered St. Charles 
 College, near Balti- 
 more, Maryland, and 
 from thence went to 
 St. Mary's Seminary, 
 Mt. St. Mary's, Mary- 
 land, where he com- 
 pleted his theological 
 studies, being or- 
 dained priest by the 
 late A r c h b i s h o ]) 
 Bayley, of Baltimore, 
 June 29, 1865. 
 Coming immediately 
 to Boston, Father 
 O'Callaghan served 
 for two years as as- 
 sistant priest of SS. 
 Peter and Paul's 
 Church, South Bos- 
 ton, at the end of 
 which time the 
 Catholic population 
 had grown to such 
 proportions as to de- 
 mand the formation 
 of another parish in 
 that district. There- 
 fore to Father O'Cal- 
 laghan was com- 
 mitted the task of organizing and caring for the new 
 parish, and he entered upon the work kwg. 22, 1868. 
 The only place of worship available for the new congre- 
 gation was the little mortuary chapel of St. Augustine, 
 which, for the second time in its history, had to serve 
 the purposes of a parish until such time as more suitable 
 accommodation was provided. Father O'Callaghan has 
 that happy faculty of winning the hearty co-operation of 
 his people, because he believes in them and they in him. 
 
 DENNIS O'CALLAGHAN 
 
 and it was not long before pastor and people set to 
 work unitedly and enthusiastically to provide themselves 
 with a parish church and property in every way credit- 
 able to them. This united work crystallized in the pur- 
 chase of the land on Dorchester Street, and the erection 
 thereon of the magnificent church, costing over two 
 hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and which is one of 
 the most attractive and beautiful in the State, con- 
 structed of brick, with granite trimmings, and of the 
 
 Gothic order of ar- 
 chitecture. This 
 beautiful church was 
 dedicated .Aug. 30, 
 1874, and two years 
 later, being entirely 
 out of debt, it en- 
 tered the list of the 
 very few consecrated 
 churches in the city 
 of Boston. In addi- 
 tion to this church, 
 through the labors of 
 Father O'Callaghan, 
 the parish enjoys a 
 beautiful parochial 
 residence, and a 
 splendid parish hall, 
 the latter built in 
 1 888, at a cost of 
 thirty-five thousand 
 dollars. The inde- 
 fatigable pastor is 
 now engaged in the 
 erection of a schoo' 
 building, which will 
 be one of the finest 
 in the State, and will 
 cost upwards of one 
 hundred thousand. 
 As a preacher. 
 Father O'Callaghan's fame extends far beyond the limits 
 of the Boston archdiocese, and he is in eager demand 
 when the pressure of his parish duties admit of his 
 appearance outside his parish pulpit. A zealous priest, 
 a broad-minded, cultured gentleman, and a public- 
 spirited citizen, he is respected by all classes of people 
 in South Boston, among whom he has lived and labored 
 with such distinguished success for more than a quarter 
 of a century. 
 
244 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 J EDWARD ADDICKS, president of the Boston 
 , Gas Light Company, was born in Philadelphia, 
 Nov. 21, 1 84 1, son of John E. C. O'S. and Margretta 
 McLeod (Turner) Addicks. He is a lineal descendant 
 of Donal O'Sullivan Beare, of Dunboy Castle, County 
 York, Ireland. O'Sullixan was chief of Beare and Ban- 
 try, and leader of the Minister forces in the religious 
 war against Elizabeth. He died, Earl of Bearhaven, in 
 1604, at the age of fifty-seven, in Spain. Mr. Addicks 
 is the grandson of 
 Barbara O'Sullivan, 
 who married John 
 Edward Charles Ad- 
 dicks, German con- 
 sul to Philadelphia. 
 She was the friend 
 of John Marshall and 
 Daniel Webster, and 
 wrote, among other 
 works, a series of es- 
 says on " Education, 
 treated as a Natural 
 Science," the first of 
 which was read at 
 the Franklin Insti- 
 tute, Philadelphia, in 
 January, 1831. Her 
 father was Major 
 Thomas Herbert 
 O'Sullivan Beare, of 
 Bearhaven, Ireland. 
 Of the same blood 
 was Owen Sullivan, 
 born in Limerick, in 
 1692, and father of 
 Major-General John 
 and Governor James 
 Sullivan, of Revolu- 
 tionary fame. Mr. 
 A d d i c k s ' s name, 
 
 which he uses only among his books, is John Edward 
 Charles O'Sullivan Addicks. He wears the ancient 
 family ring, cut with the arms of O'Sullivan Beare. His 
 great-great-grandmother on his mother's side was Lady 
 Arabella Galbraith, of Scotland, who incurred her father's 
 displeasure by marrying a plain gentleman, a Mr. 
 McNeilus. They came to this country and settled in 
 Philadelphia. In 1864 Mr. .Addicks married Laura 
 Wattson, eldest daughter of Washington and Mary 
 
 J. EDWARD ADDICKS. 
 
 Elizabeth Butcher, of Philadelphia. By her he had one 
 daughter, Florence. Three years after his wife's death 
 he married Rosalie, second daughter of the same 
 parents. Mr. Addicks was educated in the public 
 schools of Philadelphia, entering the high school num- 
 ber one, and graduating when fifteen years of age. 
 LTntil he was nineteen years old he was in a wholesale 
 dry goods house, when he entered the flour business 
 of Levi Knowles, and was made a partner on attaining 
 
 his majority. The 
 energy which subse- 
 quently characterized 
 him brought him 
 great success, mak- 
 ing him the foremost 
 man in his line in 
 Philadelphia, when, 
 three years later, he 
 commenced business 
 alone. He was largely 
 instrumental in intro- 
 ducing the spring 
 wheat flours of the 
 Minnesota region to 
 the Eastern sea- 
 board. Mr. Addicks 
 afterward became 
 prominent in real es- 
 tate operations in 
 Philadelphia. Early 
 in 1877 he removed 
 his residence to Clay- 
 mont, Del., a suburb 
 of Philadelphia, of 
 which place he has 
 since been a citizen. 
 Shortly thereafter his 
 attention was called 
 to the use of water 
 gas for illumination, 
 then an infant industry. In connection with this indus- 
 try Mr. Addicks has become widely known throughout 
 the United States, and has been closely identified with 
 its progress. He built gas works in Jersey City, also 
 for the Consumers' Gas Company, of Chicago, the lat- 
 ter leading to the formation of the well known Chicago 
 Gas Trust. In 1884 the Bay State Gas Company of 
 Boston was organized, Mr. Addicks being its originator 
 and the first to establish water gas works in that city. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 H5 
 
 ^f?t 
 
 HENRY MELVILLE WHITNEY is the president of 
 the \Vest End Street Kaihvay Company of Bos- 
 ton — a system more comprehensive than any other 
 street raihvay system in the world. He was born in the 
 small town of Conway, Franklin County, Mass., Oct. 22, 
 1839. At that time his father, deneral James S. Whit- 
 ney, kept an old-fashioned store, (ieneral Whitney was 
 a Democrat of the Jacksonian school, and the idol of 
 his community. His vote when in the Legislature 
 decided the election 
 of Charles Sumner 
 to the LTnited States 
 Senate; subse- 
 quently, from 1854 
 to i860, he was su- 
 perintendent of the 
 United States Armory 
 at Springfield, and 
 was then appointed 
 collector of the port 
 of Boston. His death 
 occurred O c t . 2 4 , 
 1878. Young Whit- 
 ney's home was made 
 happy and charming 
 by the presence of a 
 good mother, L a u - 
 rinda (Collins) 
 Whitney, who is still 
 living. He acquired 
 the rudiments of his 
 education in the pub- 
 lic schools* which he 
 completed with a 
 course of study a t 
 Williston Seminary, 
 at E a s t h a m p t o n . 
 Shortly after the re- 
 moval of his father 
 from Springfield he 
 
 returned to Conway as clerk in the Conway Bank, which 
 position he held for three years. In i860 his parents 
 removed to Boston, where General Whitney became 
 identified with important enterprises ; notably the Bos- 
 ton Water Power Company and the Metropolitan Steam- 
 ship Company. The son in the meantime had passed 
 two years in the Bank of Redemption, some time as a 
 clerk in the Naval Agent's office, and afterwards was 
 engaged in the shipping business in New York. In 
 
 A 
 
 HENRY M. WHITNEY, 
 
 1866 he became Boston agent of the Metropolitan 
 Steamship Company, and in 1870, after he had obtained 
 possession of the stock which had depreciated in value, 
 he became president, a position which he still holds. 
 From that time Mr. Whitney has been regarded as a 
 keen and far-seeing business man. In 1886 Mr. Whit- 
 ney quietly purchased large tracts of land along the line 
 of Beacon Street, Brookline. He invested nearly a mil- 
 lion himself and formed a syndicate, which has resulted 
 
 i n the building o f 
 one of the most beau- 
 tiful suburban boule- 
 vards in the country. 
 The scheme was 
 financially very suc- 
 cessful. Mr. Whitney 
 was next instrumen- 
 tal in building the 
 railway connecting 
 Boston and Brook- 
 line, which was called 
 the West End Street 
 Railway. His next 
 great achievement 
 was the consolidating 
 of this system with 
 all the street railways 
 centering in Boston, 
 forming a splendid 
 system, of which he 
 is the efficient head. 
 His study of the elec- 
 tric systems for street 
 cars, and the adop- 
 tion of the trolley 
 system in B-oston, 
 with the result of the 
 appreciation of sub- 
 urban property one 
 hundred per cent, 
 are matters of record. Mr. Whitney is also president of 
 the Neverslip Horse Shoe and Hancock Inspirator com- 
 panies, trustee of the West End Land Company, and 
 chairman of the Board of Park Commissioners of Brook- 
 line. Mr. \Vhitney owns a magnificent place on Jerusa- 
 lem Road, Cohasset, but makes Brookline his home. 
 In this town he met Miss Margaret Foster Green, whom 
 he married in 1878. This union was blessed with a son 
 and four daughters. 
 
246 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE colossal express business of the United States 
 had its birthplace in Massachusetts, and was de- 
 veloped by the genius of Alvin Adams. Mr. Adams 
 was born in Andover, Vt., June 16, 1804, where he lived 
 until his parents died, when he was eight years of age. 
 He was then cared for by an elder brother, a farmer, 
 until sixteen years old, when he obtained permission to 
 seek his own living. He went to Woodstock, at that 
 time a gre_at centre of travel by stages, where he re- 
 mained about four 
 years, and then came 
 to Boston. He en- 
 gaged in business 
 ventures with varying 
 success until, in 1840, 
 he started the express 
 business that has 
 since borne his name. 
 There was another 
 in the field, and 
 friends advised the 
 venturesome Adams 
 that he would surely 
 fail in his scheme, 
 for there could not 
 be sufficient business 
 between Boston and 
 New York for two 
 lines ; but he fore- 
 saw the great possi- 
 bilities in the enter- 
 prise and devoted all 
 his energy to increase 
 them. Previous to 
 the existence of ex- 
 press companies, 
 those who had occa- 
 sion to send packages 
 or valuables to other 
 places entrusted them 
 
 to the care of acquaintances or friends, whom they bur- 
 dened with the responsibility of delivery. It was a 
 daily sight at the stations to see would-be senders 
 searching for i)assengers willing to accommodate them 
 by taking i:harge of their parcels. Mr. Adams' a]3]jrecia- 
 ted the absurdity of this old-fashioned system and set 
 resolutely to work to reform it. He seized his oppor- 
 tunity and, starting with limited patronage, gradually 
 won the confidence of the people and concentrated in 
 
 himself the business of forwarding for all. The first 
 express to New York left Boston, May 4, 1840. The 
 convenience was soon appreciated by the public, and in 
 a short time he was entrusted with goods by merchants 
 and money packages by banks. He associated himself 
 with Elphraim Farnsworth, under the name of Adams & 
 Co. Farnsworth took charge of the New York office, 
 but soon retired, and was succeeded by William B. 
 Dinsmore, a valued friend of Mr. Adams and a zealous 
 
 officer of the com- 
 pany. For several 
 years the business 
 was limited to Bos- 
 ton, Norwich, New 
 London and New 
 York City. In 1850 
 the line was ex- 
 tended to Califor- 
 nia, with agencies in 
 every town and camp. 
 It increased so rapid- 
 ly, that in 1854 the 
 Adams Express Com- 
 pany was formed by 
 the union of Adams 
 &: Co., Harnden & 
 Co., Thompson & 
 Co. and Kinsley & 
 Co., with Alvin 
 Adams as president. 
 During the Civil War 
 the Adams Express 
 Company was of 
 great assistance to 
 the government in 
 forwarding military 
 supplies, and was the 
 recognized agent for 
 transporting all go\- 
 ernment securities 
 and money. Its emjiloyees were at the front to receive 
 from soldiers their pay, and take it to their families and 
 friends. The comi)any employs about nine thousand 
 five hundred men, and owns three thousand horses and 
 two thousand wagons. Its offices number about six 
 thousand, and its mileage is about forty-five thousand. 
 Mr. Adams died Sept. i, 1877, at Watertown, Mass., 
 which had been his place of residence for very many 
 years. 
 
 ALVIN ADAMS. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 H7 
 
 FOR twenty-eight years — from i860 to 1888 — Baltimore convention was chosen secretary of the 
 Frederick Octavius Prince was a conspicuous National Democratic Committee, a position which he 
 figure in every national Democratic convention, and continued to hold until 1888. Although unanimously 
 for a still longer period he has been actively identified elected in that year, he resigned, receiving a resolution 
 with many important public interests of Boston and of of thanks for the " unflagging zeal and distinguished 
 the Commonwealth. He was born in Boston, Jan. 18, ability" with which he had served. In 1876 he was 
 1818, the son of Thomas and CaroHne Prince. Enter- nominated for mayor by the Democrats of Boston, and 
 ing the Boston Latin School in 1827, he was graduated although his party was in the minority, he was elected, 
 in 1832, receiving the Franklin medal and two other Renominated the following year, he was only defeated 
 medals for scholar- 
 ship. He then ma- 
 triculated at Har- 
 vard, from which he 
 graduated in 1S36, 
 being the class poet 
 and secretary. The 
 following year he 
 began the study of 
 law in the office of 
 Franklin De.xter and 
 William H. Gardiner, 
 Boston, and was ad- 
 mitted to the Suffolk 
 bar in 1840. He 
 soon began to take 
 part in active politi- 
 cal life and allied 
 himself with the 
 Whig party. In 
 1848 he established 
 his residence in 
 Winchester, and in 
 1851, 1852 and 1853 
 represented that dis- 
 trict in the Massa- 
 chusetts House of 
 Re p r e s e n t a t i V e s, 
 where his stirring 
 appeals for political 
 reform soon estab- 
 lished his reputation. He was a member of the Con- uted not a little to the successful completion of Boston's 
 stitutional Convention in 1853, and in the same year improved sewerage system. The handsome buildings 
 was elected to the State Senate. In i860, upon the of the high and Latin schools were also erected through 
 disruption of the Whig party, Mr. Prince transferred his influence. In 1885 he was nominated for governor, 
 his allegiance to the Democracy, and was sent as a but was defeated on a strictly party vote. Mr. Prince 
 delegate to the National Democratic Convention in has long been a trustee of the Boston Public Library, 
 Charleston. When the convention broke up, without and in 18S8 was appointed to the board that had exclu- 
 agreeing upon a presidential candidate, Mr. Prince sive control of the construction of the new library. To 
 adhered to the Douglas wing of the party and at the this great work he is now giving his whole attention. 
 
 FREDERICK 0. PRINCE, 
 
 after a hotly con- 
 tested election. In 
 1878 he was re- 
 elected mayor, and 
 in the three follow- 
 ing years was re- 
 turned to the same 
 office. He declined 
 a renomination in 
 1882. His adminis- 
 tration of the city 
 g o \' e r n m e n t was 
 notable in many 
 respects. He was 
 unwearied in his 
 efforts to r e f o r m 
 municipal expendi- 
 tures, and during his 
 first term of office 
 succeeded in reduc- 
 ing expenses more 
 than half a million 
 dollars. He was 
 energetic in his 
 efforts to secure a 
 system of public 
 parks for thf city, 
 and its final adop- 
 tion and subsequent 
 layout are largely due 
 to him. Hecontrib- 
 
248 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 PROBABLY no practitioner of medicine and sur- 
 gery has a wider acquaintance, locally, than 
 Medical Examiner Francis Augustine Harris, of the 
 northern district of Suffolk Count)', which includes the 
 West and North Ends of Boston, Charlestown, Chelsea, 
 Revere and Winthrop. He was born in Ashland, 
 Mass., March 5, 1S45. His early education was obtained 
 there and at Rindge, N. H., where he for a time lived 
 with his grandparents. He afterwards resided with his 
 father, a practitioner 
 of medicine at Ar- 
 il n g t o n (formerly 
 West Cambridge), 
 Mass. He f i 1 1 e d 
 for college at the 
 Boston Eatin School 
 and matriculated in 
 1862 and was grad- 
 uated from Har\ard 
 in 1866. He 
 studied medicine 
 in the Harvard Med- 
 ical School, receiving 
 his degree in 1872. 
 While engaged in the 
 study of medicine he 
 served as a master in 
 the Boston Latin 
 School three years, 
 and in 187 1 was sur- 
 gical house officer at 
 the Massachusetts 
 General Hospital. 
 He afterward passed 
 a year in the study 
 of his profession in 
 the hospital at 
 \'ienna. He was 
 demonstrator of 
 medico-legal exami- 
 nations in the Harvard Medical School for a number 
 of years. At Harvard he was a member of the Univer- 
 sity ball nine, the first one at the college. Among 
 his classmates were William Blaikie, the noted athlete 
 who stroked the University boat to victory and subse- 
 quently wrote a treatise on college athletics ; Dr. 
 Charles Brigham, of San Francisco ; Moorfield Storey, of 
 Boston, and others who have achieved prominence. 
 1 )r. Harris was also for a number of years professor 
 
 FRANCIS A. HARRIS 
 
 of surgery in the Boston Dental College. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Massachusetts Medical Society and the 
 Medico-Legal Society. He was one of the earliest 
 members of the celebrated Papyrus Club, a social organ- 
 ization of editorial and other writers, a distinguished 
 coterie, which included Dr. Francis H. LInderwood, 
 Henry M. Rogers, John Boyle O'Reilly, Dr. Robert D. 
 Joyce, Alexander Young and George M. Towle. He was 
 president of the club in 1882 and is still a member, 
 
 taking an active part 
 in its meetings. He 
 is a member of the 
 St. Botolph Club, 
 another organization 
 of artists and littera- 
 teurs, and he was 
 also one of the found- 
 ers of the LTniver- 
 sity Club. A lover 
 of the drama, he has 
 devoted some of his 
 leisure hours to play- 
 writing. Among his 
 jjroductions are 
 " Chums," " Class- 
 day," " A Majority of 
 One," "The Ameri- 
 can Claimant," and 
 " My Son," the latter 
 having an extensive 
 run at the Boston 
 Museum and at Wal- 
 lack's in New York, 
 and being played 
 through the country 
 by the late John Ray- 
 mond. The leading 
 role of this play, 
 "Herr Weigel," 
 afforded the la- 
 mented William Warren the opportunity for one of 
 the finest efforts of his later years. Dr. Harris has 
 contributed very much to the periodical literature of 
 the day. In addition to his official duties, which are 
 arduous and dangerous, so much so that in 1880 he 
 nearly lost his life in the discharge of his duty, he has a 
 not inconsiderable private practice. With an extensive 
 knowledge of the many causes of death, his services are 
 often sought as expert in the courts of law. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 249 
 
 WILLIAM H. HILL, one of the leading financiers 
 of Boston, has made his own fortune and has 
 secured an honorable name among the enterprising, 
 successful and reliable men of affairs in the city of his 
 birth. He was born in Boston July 14, 1838, and was 
 the only son of William H. and Abby F. (Remich) Hill. 
 His father was a well-known merchant, who for many 
 years maintained a high standing in the business com- 
 munity of Boston, and was widely honored for his 
 sagacity and integ- 
 rity. Mr. Hill at- 
 tended public and 
 private schools in 
 Boston and Roxbury, 
 and graduated from 
 the Ro.xbury High 
 School. He early 
 entered business life, 
 taking a position as 
 clerk in the publish- 
 ing house of Sanborn, 
 Carter & Bazin, and 
 continuing with their 
 successors. Brown, 
 Taggard & Chase. 
 At the age of twenty- 
 one Mr. Hill became 
 a partner in the firm 
 of Chase, Nichols & 
 Hill, publishers. Two 
 years later he retired 
 from this firm, con- 
 tinuing, however, in 
 the book and pub 
 lishing business, 
 under his own name 
 for a period of six 
 years, until the spring 
 of 1869. On the first 
 of November in that 
 
 year, the present banking house of Richardson, Hill & 
 Co. was established, and has ever since occupied a place 
 in the foremost rank of Boston's private banking institu- 
 tions. Its offices are now located in the Simmons 
 Building on Water Street. Besides attending to the 
 duties of his large and growing business, Mr. Hill is also 
 a trustee of several estates, and is mterested, as presi- 
 dent or director, in many important corporations. He 
 is president and general manager of the Boston & Ban- 
 
 gor Steamship Company ; is a director of the Boston 
 Merchants' Association ; a member of the Boston Cham- 
 ber of Commerce, the Boston Stock Exchange, the 
 Bostonian Society and the Bunker Hill Monument .Asso- 
 ciation. As president or as director, he is prominently 
 identified with the following corporations ; the United 
 States Rubber Company, the Boston Marine Insurance 
 Company, the First National Bank of Boston, the First 
 National Bank of Adams, Mass., the Assabet Manufactur- 
 ing Company, the 
 Windsor Mills, the 
 International Steam- 
 ship Company, the 
 Brookline Gas Light 
 Company, the Citi- 
 zens' Gas Light 
 Company, of Quincy, 
 Mass., and numerous 
 ^^^ o th e r corporations. 
 
 ^^^^^ VW His time and atten- 
 
 m^^F^ tion are thus wholly 
 
 ■^ employed. Mr. Hill 
 
 WILLIAM H. HILL 
 
 does not, however, 
 allow the cares of an 
 active business ca- 
 reer to interfere with 
 the amenities of so- 
 cial and family life. 
 He is a member of 
 many clubs, includ- 
 ing the Algoncjuin, 
 the Boston Athletic 
 Association, the 
 Brookline, the Coun- 
 try, the Colonial, the 
 I Exchange, the Tar- 
 
 ^ ratine, the Oasis and 
 
 various others. Mr. 
 Hill has been singu- 
 larly fortunate in his 
 business ventures, and his success is wholly due to him- 
 self. He was married in Boston, Jan. 8, 1863, to Sarah 
 E., daughter of William B. and Susan J. (Warren) May. 
 Their children are : Warren May, Harold St. James, 
 Marion, Clarence Harvey, Spencer Richardson, Ernest 
 Lawrence, William Henry Reginald, Donald Mackay, 
 Barbara, Philip Sanford and Kenneth .Amory Hill, of 
 whom Harold, Barbara and Philip are deceased. Mr. 
 Hill's residence is in Brookline, Mass. 
 
250 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS is rich in men vvlio have distin- 
 guished themselves in their youth. In the cate- 
 gory of her bright young manhood she numbers Charles 
 Sumner Hamlin. The Hamlin family has long been 
 honorably identified with the public life of New Eng- 
 land. The Hon. Hannibal Hamlin was Vice-President 
 of the United States in the hour of the Nation's greatest 
 peril, and his name in history is indissolubly connected 
 with that of the great Lincoln. 1 iving to see the coun- 
 t r y reconstructed, 
 happy, united and 
 prosperous, his ca- 
 reer as a public man, 
 well rounded a n d 
 honorable, has but 
 recently drawn to a 
 close. This unique 
 and rugged N e w 
 England statesman 
 was a cousin of Ed- 
 ward Sumner Ham- 
 lin (the father of 
 Charles S. Hamlin), 
 a direct descendant 
 of Major Eleazer 
 Hamlin, of Harwich, 
 who commanded a 
 regiment in the War 
 of the Revolution. 
 Edward Sumner 
 Hamlin was num- 
 bered among Bos- 
 ton's most promi- 
 nent merchants. 
 His son, Charles 
 Sumner Hamlin, was 
 born in Boston, .\ug. 
 30, 1861. He re- 
 ceived his early edu- 
 cation in the public 
 
 schools of Boston, and afterwards attended the Rox- 
 bury Latin School, from which institution he graduated 
 in 1879. He entered Harvard University, graduating in 
 the class of 1883, receiving the degree of bachelor of 
 arts; he next entered the Harvard Law School and re- 
 ceived the degree of bachelor of laws in 1886. In the 
 same year he received the degree of master of arts. 
 Mr. Hamlin devotes himself to the practice of law as a 
 profession, and his large practice continues to make 
 
 CHARLES S. HAMLIN 
 
 increasing demands upon his time. He has entered 
 into partnership with Mr. Marcus Morton, the law firm 
 being Morton & Hamlin, with ofifices in the Equitable 
 Building, Boston. Mr. Hamlin is a member of the 
 Suffolk bar. He has devoted much time to public ques- 
 tions and has written and published much upon political 
 and financial sulijects, the question of tariff legislation 
 being one to which he has devoted much time and 
 study. He is a prolific as well as lucid writer, and pos- 
 sesses the power of 
 putting a seemingly 
 dry subject in a sim- 
 ple, attractive light. 
 At the Massachu- 
 setts Democratic 
 Stale Convention 
 held at Boston, 1892, 
 Mr. Hamlin was 
 nominated by ac- 
 clamation for the 
 office of Secretary of 
 State. Mr. Hamlin 
 is a member of many 
 public bodies. He is 
 secretary of the New 
 England Tariff Re- 
 form League : chair- 
 man of the finance 
 committee of the 
 Massachusetts Dem- 
 ocratic State Com- 
 mittee ; a member of 
 the executive com- 
 mittee of the 'S'oung 
 Men's Democratic 
 Club of Massachu- 
 setts ; a member of 
 the Massachusetts 
 Reform Club; a 
 member of the Civil 
 Service League, and of the New York Reform Club. In 
 addition to his political affiliations Mr. Hamlin gives 
 some attention to the social side of life. He is a mem- 
 ber of the executive committee of the University Club. 
 In addition to this he has a membership in the Puritan, 
 Longwood and F:xchange clubs ; is an active member of 
 that famous musical society, the Apollo Club, and many 
 other social and charitable organizations. Mr. Hamlin's 
 public career has been launched with exceptional vigor. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 251 
 
 THE John P. Lovell Arms Company of Boston is department commander in 1882. He was aide-de-camp 
 
 known wherever sporting goods and bicycles are to General John C. Robinson, commander-in-chief of 
 
 sold and used. Colonel Benjamin S. Lovell, the treas- the National Encampment of 1877 and 187S. He was 
 
 urer of the corporation, is in the front rank of Boston's also a delegate to the National Encampment of 1886; 
 
 businessmen. He was born in East Weymouth, Mass., a member of the Council of .Administration of 1887; 
 
 July 10, 1844, and was the son of John P. and Lydia served on the staff of General .Alger in 1889, and was a 
 
 (Dyer) Lovell. He was educated in the public schools member of General Palmer's staff in 1892. During the 
 
 of Weymouth. Imbued with the patriotic spirit of his administrations of Governor John D. Long, in 1880, 1881 
 
 sires, he enlisted in Company .\, Forty-second ^Regi- and 1S82, Colonel Lovell was a member of His Excel- 
 
 ment, Massachusetts 
 Volunteers, at the 
 early age of eighteen. 
 His services under 
 " Old (ilory ," during 
 the darkest period 
 of the great civil con- 
 flict, is a matter of 
 special pride to Colo- 
 nel Lovell, ami there 
 is a particularlv warm 
 spot in his heart for 
 all who wore the blue. 
 He has been an ac- 
 tive and persistent 
 worker for the vet- 
 erans, in pressing 
 their claims for pen- 
 sions, and has been 
 signally successful in 
 securing them. His 
 services are always 
 at the command of 
 his comrades, and he 
 has spent time and 
 money without stint 
 in their behalf. He 
 joined Reynolds Post 
 58, G. A. R., in 1870, 
 was elected senior 
 vice-commander till 
 
 1876, when he was elected commander and held the 
 position for fourteen consecuti\e years, jjositively de- 
 clining longer to accept the office, on account of the 
 growing demand of his business upon his time. Not- 
 withstanding this, he was re-elected for the fifteenth 
 term, and only the most persistent efforts on his part 
 
 BENJAMIN S. LOVELL 
 
 lency's s t a ff. He 
 was a delegate to the 
 Republican National 
 Conventions of iSSo, 
 1884, 1888 and 1892. 
 He was also a Re- 
 ]iublican presidential 
 elector from Massa- 
 chusetts in 1892. He 
 was for several years 
 the chairman of the 
 \\'eymouth T o w n 
 Committee. He was 
 in the Legislature of 
 1877, 1878, 18S6 
 and 1887. He served 
 on the Committee on 
 Mercantile .A ff a i rs 
 and on the Railroad 
 and Redistricting 
 committees In the 
 session of 1886 he 
 loyally devoted his 
 time and influence 
 to advocating the 
 Soldiers' Exemption 
 Bill, which was then 
 being agitated. In 
 1883 he was elected 
 to the State Senate 
 and sened on the 
 following committees : Harbor and Public Lands, Mili- 
 tarv Affairs, Hoosac Tunnel, and Troy & Greenfield 
 Railroad. He is prominent in Masonic and Odd Fel- 
 lows' circles. His home is a particularly happy one. 
 He married in Weymouth. Nov. 13, 1867, Miss M. 
 Anna, daughter of Jonathan and Mercy Holmes. They 
 
 induced his comrades to accept his declination for the have two children, L. Charlotte and Helen Isabel Lovell. 
 reasons stated. He was junior vice-commander in 1880, His public career has been in many respects singularly 
 senior-vice in 1881, and declined the nomination for active and useful. 
 
252 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IN the multiplicity of public and private offices which 
 he has held during many years in Massachusetts, 
 Samuel N. Aldrich has ne\er been so situated that he 
 was unable to acquit himself with honor and credit. 
 That he is a citizen of varied attainments, is attested by 
 the fact that he is equally at home in the office of the 
 lawyer, the chair of the bank president, the presidency 
 of a railroad, or the assistant-treasurership of the United 
 States. Samuel Nelson Aldrich, son of Sylvanus Bucklin 
 and Lucy Jane (Stod- 
 dard) Aldrich, was 
 born in Upton, Wor- 
 cester County, Feb. 
 3, 1838. His educa- 
 tion was obtained at 
 the Worcester and 
 Southington, Conn., 
 academies, and at 
 Brown University, 
 Providence, R . I . 
 Subsequently he 
 taught schools at 
 Upton, Holliston 
 and Worcester, Mass. 
 He entered upon the 
 study of law with 
 Hon. Isaac Davis 
 and E. B. Stoddard, 
 at Worcester, and 
 completed the same 
 at the Harvard Law 
 School. In 1863 
 Mr. Aldrich was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, 
 and then com- 
 menced practice at 
 Marlborough. Since 
 1874 he has kept an 
 office in Boston, 
 though retaining his 
 
 residence in Marlborough and li\ing in Boston during 
 the winter. In the public affairs of Marlborough Mr. 
 Aldrich has been prominent. He was for nine years on 
 the School Committee, and four years on the Board of 
 Selectmen, officiating as chairman of both. He has 
 been a director of the People's National Bank of Marl- 
 borough, president of the Marlborough Board of Trade : 
 president of the Framingham & Lowell Railroad (now 
 a portion of the Old Colony system), and president 
 
 SAMUEL N. ALDRICH. 
 
 of the Central Massachusetts Railroad. In 1879 Mr. 
 Aldrich was elected to the State Senate, where he served 
 as chairman of the Committee on Taxation, and was 
 also a member of the Committee on Bills in the Third 
 Reading, and on Constitutional Amendments. In 1880 
 he was again a member of the State Senate, serving on 
 the Judiciary Committee. In 1883 he was a member of 
 the House, and served on the Judiciary Committee. In 
 1880 he was the Democratic candidate for Congress 
 
 from the seventh 
 Massachusetts dis- 
 trict. In March, 
 1887, Mr. Aldrich 
 was appointed by 
 President Cleveland 
 assistant treasurer of 
 the LTnited States at 
 Boston, which posi- 
 tion he resigned in 
 December, 1890, to 
 accept the presi- 
 dency of the State 
 National Bank, No. 
 40 State Street, Bos- 
 ton, which position 
 he now holds. Be- 
 sides this, he is a 
 member of the Suf- 
 folk bar, is in the 
 practice of his pro- 
 fession, and is still 
 president of the 
 Central Massachu- 
 setts Railroad. Mr. 
 Aldrich married in 
 1865, at L'pton, 
 Mary J., daughter of 
 J. T. and Eliza A. 
 McFarland. They 
 have a son, Harry 
 M. Aldrich, now in the Harvard Law School. In Marl- 
 borough, his place of residence, he is respected as a 
 public-spirited citizen, ever ready to devote his time 
 freely to the aid of his town and townsmen. -As a 
 legislator, his work has been appreciated throughout 
 the State. As a financier he is considered one of the 
 ablest and safest men of the time. As a lawyer he has 
 a high standing at the Massachusetts bar. His winter 
 residence is in Boston. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 253 
 
 THE commanding position which the Boston Herald 
 has held for over twenty-five years as a leader of 
 the political thought of the nation was won and main- 
 tained largely by the ability of its editor-in-chief, 
 Edwin B. Haskell. His excellent judgment and his 
 brilliant editorial talents enabled him to guide the 
 Herald between partisan extremes, and make it a widely 
 recognized conservative power and authority. His 
 graceful diction, terse, direct and keen, combined with 
 the virile power of 
 argumentation, and 
 a strong sense of 
 humor, made his 
 editorials extensively 
 quoted and com- 
 mented upon from 
 Maine to California 
 during his active 
 journalistic career. 
 Mr. Haskell was 
 born in Livermore, 
 Me., Aug. 24, 1837. 
 His father was Moses 
 Greenleaf Haskell, 
 and his mother Ro- 
 silla Haines, daugh- 
 ter of Captain Peter 
 Haines, who emi- 
 grated from N e w 
 Ham])shire to Maine 
 in 1795. Mr. Has- 
 kell was educated in 
 the district school, 
 and at Kent's Hill 
 Seminary, and was 
 prepared for college 
 at the age of sixteen. 
 Circumstances, how- 
 ever, prevented him 
 from going to col- 
 lege, and when he was seventeen years old he entered 
 the office of the Portland Advertiser, then edited by 
 Henry Carter. After staying in the Advertiser office for 
 one year, and learning the trade of type-setting, he went 
 to New Orleans and worked there and at Baton Rouge 
 as a journeyman printer, until June, 1856. He then 
 returned to Boston and took a situation on the Saturday 
 Evening Gazette, then published by the late William W. 
 Clapp, who was subsequently editor of the Boston your- 
 
 EDWIN B. HASKELL. 
 
 nal. In the spring of 1857 Mr. Haskell was employed 
 on the yoiirnal as compositor and reporter, and went to 
 the Boston Herald as reporter in the spring of i860. 
 The Herald was then owned and managed by Colonel 
 E. C. Bailey, who quickly discovered Mr. Haskell's 
 newspaper abilities, and added him to his staff of edito- 
 rial writers. In that position he remained until 1865, 
 when he and four other employees of the Herald pur- 
 chased the paper of Colonel Bailey. Mr. Haskell was 
 
 then installed as edi- 
 tor-in-chief, a posi- 
 tion which, with the 
 exception of a year's 
 absence in Europe, 
 he held uninterrupt- 
 edly until October, 
 1887, when he sold 
 a large share of his 
 third proprietary in- 
 terest in the Herald. 
 Since then he has 
 had nothing to do 
 with the manage- 
 ment of the paper 
 save as one of the 
 directory of the 
 Boston Herald Com- 
 pany, which suc- 
 ceeded the partner- 
 ship under the firm 
 name of R. M. Pul- 
 sifer & Co. Mr. 
 Haskell is chief 
 owner of the Minne- 
 apolis yoiirnal, of 
 which his so», Wil- 
 liam E., is associate 
 editor. Mr. Haskell 
 was married in 
 August, 1 86 1, to 
 Celia, daughter of Jonas and Joanna (Hubbard) Hill, of 
 Fayette, Me. ( )f this union were seven children, of 
 whom four are living. In 1877-78, accompanied by his 
 family and a small number of invitetl friends, Mr. Has- 
 kell visited Europe, and wrote a unique descriptive serial 
 sketch in the Herald of the "Adventures of the Scrib- 
 bler Family Abroad." His fortunate professional career 
 has been happily matched by his social and domestic 
 life at his home in Auburndale. 
 
254 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IN Boston's Italian population of many thousand, Dr. Medicale Societa of Rome, the University of Palermo, 
 Toseph Pagani holds a prominent and honored the Instituto Accademico Ihiiberto I. at Livorno, and 
 
 place. He is known by almost every one of his com- 
 patriots in the city, among whom he has built up an 
 extensive practice, and he also occupies an enviable 
 position in the medical world. Dr. Pagani was born in 
 Borgomanero, Italy, Feb. 13, 1836, and is the son of the 
 Hon. John Baptiste and Paolina Bolchini. Dr. Pagani's 
 father was a noted professor of chemistry, and the 
 family traces its an- 
 cestry, of which 
 nearly all the male 
 members were pro- 
 fessional men, back 
 fully two h u n d r e d 
 and fifty years. Dr. 
 Pagani's mother was 
 a daughter of the 
 Hon. Joseph Bol- 
 cliini, who was lieu- 
 tenant-governor un- 
 der the iirst kingdom 
 of Italy. Captain 
 Constantino Pagani, 
 a brother of the doc- 
 tor, was an officer in 
 the famous " O n e 
 Thousand," who, 
 under the command 
 of General Garibaldi, 
 freed and took pos- 
 session of the Sicil- » f 
 ian province. He 
 was killed in action, 
 and to commemo- 
 rate his bravery a 
 marble monument 
 
 has been erected at JOSEPH PAGANI 
 
 the gate of the City 
 Hall in Borgomanero. 
 
 Dr. Pagani was educated in the schools of his native 
 town, and early evinced a liking for the study of medi- 
 
 the Sodalizio Margherita at Naples. His practice in 
 his native country was a large and remunerative one, 
 but, like many other young Italians, he determined to 
 come to America, and in 1868 he arrived in New York. 
 Not liking the metropolis, however, he did not settle 
 there, but soon after came to Boston. Here he took 
 the offices at No. 356 Hanover Street, which he still 
 
 occupies, his large 
 practice at the North 
 End making it im- 
 possible for him to 
 remove to any other 
 quarter of the city. 
 , His residence, how- 
 
 ever, is at No. 50 
 Marlborough Street. 
 Ten years ago, dur- 
 ing the visit of Dom 
 Pedro to the United 
 States, the latter con- 
 f erred upon Dr. 
 Pagani the title of 
 Chevalier de Buenos 
 Ayres. This is not 
 the only title with 
 which the doctor has 
 been honored, for in 
 June, 1892, he 
 learned that he had 
 been made Cazique 
 and Baron Roxley in 
 the Aryan peerage, 
 from the noted Aryan 
 Order of Russia. 
 Dr. Pagani is a mem- 
 ber of various medi- 
 cal societies, includ- 
 ing the Acade'mie de 
 Medicine in Paris, and the Societa Medicale di Roma. 
 In 1868 he was married to Miss Fanny Jeaneret, of New 
 
 cine. In fact, it was a sort of family understanding York, a most accomplished Swiss lady. They have 
 
 from his infancy that he would become either a chemist 
 or a physician. After the completion of his prepara- 
 tory studies he entered the University of Pavaie, and 
 u])on his graduation received his diploma as a regular 
 physician. He then pursued his medical studies and 
 was graduated with high honors from the l'",mula/,ione 
 
 three children, the eldest daughter, who is a famous 
 Boston beauty, being now a student of music in Rome. 
 Dr. Pagani is jirominent in all movements for the wel- 
 fare of his fellow-countrymen who ha\e made their home 
 in America, and is justly very ]iopular with them as well 
 as with native born Americans. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 = 55 
 
 EVANGELIST and reformer, of broadest sympathies, 
 deepest insight and tireless energy, I.ouis Albert 
 Banks is not only one of the most interesting figures in 
 the Boston pulpit of to-day, but he is also one of the 
 strong forces in the city's life. He has been here but a 
 few years — he is still a young man — but his activity 
 has produced lasting results in many beneficent ways. 
 Out of his courageous exposure of the "sweating" 
 system and the dangerous condition of neglected tene- 
 ment house life, has 
 grown the A n t i - 
 Tenement House 
 League, and legisla- 
 tion has been enacted 
 looking toward the 
 cure of one of the 
 gravest evils of mod- 
 ern times. It is im- 
 possible here to give 
 more than a bare '^ /7'^Sk, 
 
 outline of the fasci- 
 nating story of his 
 life. He was born 
 in Corvallis, Oregon, 
 Nov. 12, 185s, the 
 son of Lebbjeus 
 Irwin and Mary 
 (Hurlburt) Banks. 
 He attended the 
 public schools and 
 Philomath College in 
 Oregon, and at six- 
 teen was licensed as 
 a preacher of the 
 United Brethren 
 Church. From sev- 
 enteen to twenty-one 
 he taught school and 
 studied law, being 
 admitted to the bar 
 
 in December, 1877. After a year's legal practice, he 
 united with the Oregon Conference of the Methodist 
 Church. He was ordained an elder in the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church by Bishop Henry W. Warren, at Van- 
 couver, Washington, Aug. 26, 1883. Mr. Banks has been 
 pastor of churches in Portland, Oregon ; Boise City, 
 Idaho ; Vancouver and Seattle, Washington, and in 
 Cincinnati. In 1886 he came to Boston as pastor of 
 the Egleston Square Chunh, which had a remarkable 
 
 LOUIS A. BANKS 
 
 growth under his ministrations, as had also St. John's 
 Church, in South Boston, over which he was subse- 
 quently settled. He is now pastor of the First Metho- 
 dist Episcopal Church of Boston. While in Vancouver 
 he edited the " Pacific Censor," the organ of the Tem- 
 perance Alliance of the territory, and in June, 1880, was 
 shot down on the street by an infuriated agent of the 
 saloons. For two months he preached, reclining across 
 three chairs, to large and enthusiastic congregations. 
 
 During his pastorate 
 at Seattle the anti- 
 Chinese riots broke 
 out on the Pacific 
 coast, and on the 
 platform and in the 
 "^Ij^^ pulpit he defended 
 
 ^^^^ the rights of the Chi- 
 
 ^^^B nese. He was re- 
 
 ^^^^H peatedly threatened 
 
 ™'*^ w i t h assassination, 
 
 and once his house 
 was surrounded by 
 an armed mob of 
 men who came to 
 hang him. F o r t u - 
 nately, however, he 
 was absent. In Bos- 
 ton, as in the West, 
 he has been in the 
 foremost ranks of the 
 reformers, and the 
 causes of temper- 
 ance, woman suf- 
 frage, and labor have 
 in him a valiant 
 champion. His pub- 
 lished works are : 
 " Censor Echoes " 
 (Portland, Oregon, 
 1880; now out of 
 print) ; "The People's Christ " (Boston, 1891) : "White 
 Slaves, or the Oppression of the Worthy Poor " (Boston, 
 1892), and "The Revival Quiver" (Boston, 1892). 
 Mr. Banks was married Sept. 21, 1877, to Mary A. Mill- 
 hollen, who died in 1881, leaving him two daughters. 
 In 1883 he married Jessie F. Ainsworth, and of this 
 union there is one son. The degree of doctor of 
 divinity was conferred upon Mr. Banks by Mt. Union 
 College in 1890, 
 
256 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FOR the past decade or more Boston has been rapidly 
 growing in importance as one of the great finan- 
 cial centres of the American continent, and this very 
 enviable position is largely due to the fresh energies 
 brought to bear, by the younger financiers of the day, 
 upon the forces of old-time conservatism, which has 
 held the city in thrall for so many years. Among the 
 foremost of the financial firms who have established a 
 wide reputation both at home and abroad for solid 
 worth and judicious 
 enterprise, is the 
 house of Clark, Ward 
 & Co., who stand 
 upon the topmost 
 rung of the ladder of 
 success. Mr. J. F. 
 A. Clark, the senior 
 member of this firm, 
 is a thorough Bosto- 
 nian of the progres- 
 sive and practical 
 type. He was born 
 in Boston, Nov. 6, 
 1862, and received 
 his education in 
 one of those institu- 
 tions of which the 
 city is justly proud. 
 In early youth Mr. 
 Clark showed unmis- 
 takable signs of an 
 ambitious, enterpris- 
 ing nature, and at 
 the age of twenty-one 
 he started in the 
 banking business. 
 To fit himself for the 
 exacting and intri- 
 cate duties of this 
 profession he had no 
 
 other training than the knowledge found in the best 
 books written upon the subject, and that unerring judg- 
 ment which has brought to a successful culmination the 
 many difiicult untlertakings in which he has since been 
 interested. After a year of prosperity, he formed a 
 partnership with Mr. Reginald H. Ward, under the 
 firm name of Clark, ^Vard & Co., and since that date 
 these young men have made a most remarkable record 
 for successful enterprise. By their discretion and sound 
 
 business principles they have secured recognition among 
 the oldest and best firms in Boston. In 1889 the firm 
 of Clark, Ward & Co. opened an office in New York, 
 Mr. Ward taking charge of it. Phenomenal success 
 from the very start attended the affairs of the firm in 
 New York, and in the short space of two years it was 
 found necessary to establish a branch office there. In 
 the same year a branch of the Boston house was opened 
 in Springfield, Mass. Both branches ha\e enjoyed a 
 
 marked degree o f 
 prosperity. In 1891 
 Mr. George E. Arm- 
 strong, of Boston, 
 was admitted to the 
 firm, and in 1892 Mr. 
 H. H. Campbell, of 
 Boston, became a 
 partner. Mr. Clark's 
 modesty forbids the 
 enumeration here of 
 the prominent posi- 
 tions he occupies in 
 some of the impor- 
 tant railroad enter- 
 prises of the day, or 
 of the large financial 
 interests which h e 
 has managed. Con- 
 sidering the fact that 
 the young men com- 
 IJ r i s i n g the fi r m 
 started in business 
 with no other capital 
 than their own intel- 
 ligence and personal 
 merit, the success 
 that has attended all 
 their ventures is one 
 of the conspicuous 
 features of financial 
 Boston. It also shows that this is an era in which the 
 younger business men have every opportunity to develop 
 the metal that is in them, respectful attention being 
 given to their plans and ideas by men of a past gen- 
 eration. Mr. Clark, who is a member of the Country, 
 Algontiuin and Athletic clubs in Boston, and of the 
 Vaudeville and New York clubs in New York, is very 
 prominent in the social life of both cities. He is mar- 
 ried, and his residence is in Boston. 
 
 J. F. A. CLARK. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 257 
 
 JAMES RUSSELL SOLEV was born at Roxbury, 
 Mass. (now Boston Highlands), Oct. i, 1850. 
 He received his early education at the Roxbury Latin 
 School, and graduated at Har\ard College in the class 
 of 1870. Assistant Secretary of State Wharton and 
 Lieutenant-Governor Wolcott were members of the 
 same class. During the year following graduation he 
 was tutor at St. Mark's School, Southborough, Mass., 
 and in 187 1 he was appointed assistant professor of 
 English at the United 
 States Naval Acad- 
 emy at Annapolis, 
 where, in 1873, he 
 was placed at the 
 head of the depart- 
 ment of English 
 studies, history and 
 law, his appointment 
 to both of these 
 plaices being the re- 
 sult of competitive 
 examination. In 
 1876 he was com- 
 missioned a profes- 
 sor in the United 
 States Navy with the 
 relative rank of lieu- 
 tenant commander. 
 In this year he pub- 
 lished the " History 
 of the Naval Acad- 
 emy." In 1878 he 
 was assistant superin- 
 tendent of the de- 
 partment of educa- 
 tion at the Paris 
 Exposition. While 
 in Europe he was 
 charged by the Navy 
 Department with the 
 
 special duty of examining the systems of education in 
 European naval colleges, and on his return made an 
 extensive report, entitled "Foreign Systems of Naval 
 Education," which was published in 18S0. In 1882, 
 having attained the relative rank of commander, he 
 was transferred to Washington, where he collected and 
 arranged the library of the Navy Department, the most 
 complete and valuable collection of naval works in this 
 country, if not in the world. He was lecturer on inter- 
 
 JAMES R. SOLEY 
 
 national law, in addition to his duties in this position, 
 at the Naval War College at Newport from 1885 to 
 1889, and he also delivered a course of lectures before 
 the Lowell Institute of Boston, on "American Naval 
 History," in 1885, and a second course on "European 
 Neutrality during the Civil War," in 1888. He has 
 published : " Campaigns of the Navy in the Civil War ; 
 The Blockade and the Cruisers" (1883) ; "The Rescue 
 of Greely," under the joint authorship of himself and 
 
 Commodore Win - 
 field S. Schley 
 (1885) ; "The Boys 
 of i8i2"(i887),and 
 "Sailor Boys of 
 1861" (1888). He 
 edited the "Auto- 
 biography of Com- 
 Jmodore Morris," and 
 made large contribu- 
 tions to the " Battles 
 and Leaders of the 
 Civil \\'ar," and to 
 Justin \\' i n s o r ' s 
 " N a r r a t i \ e and 
 Critical History of 
 -America." By invi- 
 tation of the city of 
 Boston he delivered 
 in May, i 8 9 i , a 
 eulogy upon .\dmiral 
 Porter at the memo- 
 rial services held in 
 Fremont Temple, 
 and he is now en- 
 gaged upon " The 
 Life of Admiral Por- 
 ter." His last work, 
 on the " Maritime 
 Industries of Amer- 
 ica," deals with the 
 histor)', present condition, and future prospects of the 
 merchant marine. In July, 1890, he resigned his com- 
 mission and was appointed assistant secretary of the 
 navy, which office he has held since that time. In 
 this capacity he has taken a large part in the detailed 
 administration of the naval establishment, and has been 
 particularly connected with the important measures of 
 na\y-yard reform. Mr. Soley graduated at the Law 
 School of Columbian Universitv. 
 
258 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 STUDYING the history of the printing trade, a 
 stranger to this State soon acquires an admiring 
 knowledge of a firm name which is familiar to Massa- 
 chusetts men, — Alfred Mudge & Son. This firm was 
 founded in 1830. Alfred Mudge established a small 
 printing-office on School Street, Boston, in that year, 
 and, being a man of brain and enterprise, he broke 
 away from the conservative rut of the printers of those 
 days. He speedily found success, limited at first, to 
 be sure, but destined 
 to assume propor- 
 tions of amazingly 
 large size. It was in 
 1850 that the present 
 firm name was 
 adopted, in that year 
 the founder of the 
 house taking into 
 partnership his son, 
 Alfred A. Mudge. 
 The latter lived but 
 three years after the 
 death of the senior 
 partner, and then, 
 in 1885, Frank H. 
 Mudge, son of Alfred 
 .■\., became sole pro- 
 prietor of this great 
 business house, and 
 has continued in this 
 position ever since. 
 To illustrate the 
 strides made by this 
 firm since its incep- 
 tion, when a small 
 room on School Street 
 was sufficient for the 
 proper transaction of 
 its business, it need 
 only be said that it 
 
 now occupies three complete floors of the great mercan- 
 tile building. No. 24 Franklin Street, Boston. Its plant 
 contains the best possible equipments, including twenty 
 large cylinder presses. On its salary list are the names of 
 two hundred employees. From these facts an idea may 
 be gained of the character and size of the business which 
 Frank H. Mudge now governs and guides. This gen- 
 tleman was born in Boston, Feb. 10, 1859. Early in 
 life he developed an unmistakable aptitude, undoubtedly 
 
 FRANK H. MUDGE 
 
 inherited, for the printing business, and at the end of 
 his school-days he entered the employ of Alfred Mudge 
 & Son for the purpose of obtaining something far deeper 
 than a superficial knowledge of the printing art. By 
 hard and earnest work he became such a master of the 
 different branches that in 1880 he was honored by a 
 well-earned in\itation to become a partner in the enter- 
 prise. These early years of business training fitted Mr. 
 Mudge for the burden of proprietorship which fell to 
 
 his lot upon the death 
 of his father, — a bur- 
 den which seldom 
 falls upon the shoul- 
 ders of such a young 
 man. But that which 
 ^^ Mr. Mudge lacked in 
 
 g^^^ age was amply bal- 
 
 anced by his posses- 
 sion of practical ex- 
 perience, and so he 
 accepted the position 
 of head of the house 
 of Alfred Mudge & 
 Son, and be it said 
 in just credit, the 
 business of his able 
 forefathers has con- 
 tinued to prosper in 
 his hands. Mr. 
 Mudge is president 
 of the Master Print- 
 ers' Club, vice-presi- 
 - . dent of the National 
 
 Typothetffi of Amer- 
 ica. He began his 
 J military career in the 
 
 * ranks of D company. 
 
 First Regiment, M. 
 V. M. ; has been sec- 
 ond lieutenant of 
 light battery A, and is an ex-adjutant of the Ancient and 
 Honorable Artillery Company, and past commander of 
 the Roxbury Artillery Veteran Association. Mr. Mudge 
 holds membership in many other organizations, includ- 
 ing the Franklin Ty])ographical Society, the Roxbury 
 Club, the Boston Athletic Association, the Hull, Win- 
 throp and Massachusetts Yacht clubs, and also Masonic 
 societies, in the Odd Fellows, the Red Men, the Elks 
 and the Knights of Pvthias. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 259 
 
 THERE is not a more enthusiastic Democrat and 
 tariff reformer in Massachusetts than Bushrod 
 Morse. A man of deep convictions and high character, 
 a thorough student of economic questions, he has wielded 
 great influence, directly and indirectly, upon the political 
 opinions of his fellow-citizens. Descended from a long 
 line of New England ancestors, — among whom were 
 Benjamin Franklin, Professor Morse, the inventor of the 
 telegraph, and Chief Justice Kent, — Mr. Morse was 
 born in Sharon, 
 Mass., the son of 
 Willard and Eliza 
 (G lover) Morse. 
 After attending the 
 public schools of his 
 native town, he fitted 
 for college at the 
 Providence Confer- 
 ence, Seminary and 
 at Pierce Academy, 
 Middleboro, and en- 
 tered Amherst in 
 1856. Ill-health, 
 howe\er, prevented 
 him from completing 
 his college course. 
 He studied law in 
 North Easton and in 
 Boston, and in Octo- 
 ber, 1864, was ad- 
 mitted to the Suffolk 
 bar. Though he has 
 practised in Boston 
 ever since, he has 
 always retained his 
 residence in Sharon, 
 on the old Morse 
 homestead, a pic- 
 turesque estate, near 
 Lake Massapoag, 
 
 which descended to him and his brothers from their 
 great-grandfather, Gilead Morse, an English soldier 
 under General Wolfe, who purchased it on his return 
 from the French war in 1764. Mr. Morse has been for 
 years prominent and influential in the political life of 
 his town and State. He has been chairman of the 
 Sharon School Board ; member of the Massachusetts 
 House of Representatives in 1S70, 18S3 and 1884, when 
 he served on important committees, being chairman of 
 
 BUSHROD MORSE, 
 
 the Committee on Probate and Chancery in 1884 ; mem- 
 ber of the Democratic State Central Committee ; candi- 
 date for presidential elector in 1884 and 1888 ; delegate 
 to the National Democratic Convention at Cincinnati in 
 1880; candidate for Congress in the second district, 
 against E.x-Governor John D. Long, in 1886, and carry- 
 ing Norfolk County by 233 majority, and being defeated 
 in the strong Republican district by less than 2,000 
 votes; again a candidate for Congress in 1890, when he 
 
 received the highest 
 vote ever cast for a 
 Democratic candi- 
 date for Congress 
 in his district. In 
 1864 Mr. Morse was 
 appointed justice of 
 the peace by (rover- 
 nor Andrew, and has 
 held that office ever 
 since. On May 13, 
 1 89 1, Governor Rus- 
 sell appointed him 
 the first special jus- 
 tice of the District 
 Court for Southern 
 Norfolk. In 1892, 
 much against his in- 
 clinations, he w a s 
 unanimously nomi- 
 nated by the Demo- 
 crats for the Second 
 Norfolk District for 
 the State Senate. 
 The workingmen of 
 the State have had a 
 staunch friend in Mr. 
 Morse. H i s able 
 and intelligent advo- 
 cacy of legislative 
 measures calculated 
 to advance their interests, gained for him a wide popu- 
 larity. His addresses on tariff reform, embodying the 
 results of his careful investigations and set forth in 
 vigorous English, ha\e attracted general attention and 
 been published in leading journals throughout the 
 country. Though engrossed in his legal profession, in 
 which he has a high standing, Mr. Morse still finds time 
 to preach the gospel of tariff reform. He is an excel- 
 lent type of man and citizen. 
 
26o 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO~DAY. 
 
 THE private secretary of Postmaster-General Wana- 
 niaker, Marshall Gushing, is a Hingham boy 
 through and through. His ancestors were among the 
 little band that first settled the town. The people of 
 Hingham well remember him, a barefoot boy driving 
 the cows, or a high school pupil driving the milk wagon. 
 They recall that he worked his way through college, and 
 they hold in high regard his father and mother. Mar- 
 shall Gushing was born in t86o. His early education 
 was gained in the 
 public schools, and 
 he graduated from 
 the high school in 
 1878. At Exeter he 
 was an editor of the 
 Expnian, the leader 
 of the glee club, and 
 the class poet of '79. 
 Mr. Gushing grad- 
 uated from Harvard 
 in 1883. He was 
 freshman editor of 
 the Harvard Daily 
 E t Ji o, secretary of 
 the board of editors 
 of the Advocate, a 
 member of the glee 
 club, and a leader in 
 the musical and the- 
 atrical performances 
 of the Pi Eta Society. 
 Mr. Gushing in- 
 tended to study law, 
 but he was attracted 
 towards news])aper 
 work, and obtained 
 employment on the 
 Gambridge T/i/>iitir, 
 as city editor, and 
 on the Boston Globe, 
 
 as Harvard correspondent. He became successively 
 news editor on the "night desk " of the GMe, and night 
 editor in charge. After two years he became State 
 House reporter and staff correspondent, finding valuable 
 political friends in all directions. Mr. Gushing next 
 became private secretary to Hon. Henry Gabot Lodge, 
 a post which he relinquished a few months later for a 
 position on the New York Press. There for about a 
 year he was political writer and travelling correspondent. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 MARSHALL GUSHING 
 
 After this term of service for the Press Mr. Gushing 
 returned to Washington as correspondent of the Boston 
 Aih^crtisir and Record, and the New York Graphic. 
 He also did special work for the Sun, the Philadelphia 
 Press and other journals. To the position of private 
 secretary to the postmaster-general Mr. Gushing has 
 brought tact, industry and originality. He may be said 
 to be the first outside the White House to give to a 
 ])ri\ate secretaryship a national repute. His industry is 
 
 phenomenal. In 
 addition to his ex- 
 acting daily work at 
 the elbow of the 
 postmaster - general, 
 he has written " The 
 Story of Our Post- 
 Office," a one thou- 
 sand page book, and 
 he has collected ma- 
 terial for an even 
 larger volume upon 
 the history of the 
 American post- office, 
 which is shortly to 
 be published. Mr. 
 Gushing's home life 
 is ideal. He was 
 married on Ghrist- 
 mas Day, 1891, in 
 San Francisco, to 
 Mrs. Isabel McBride 
 Palmer, the gifted 
 daughter of Hon. 
 John R. McBride, 
 late member of Gon- 
 gress from Oregon, 
 ■ and chief justice of 
 Idalio, who was for 
 years the leading 
 Gentile in Utah. 
 The literary and musical tastes of Mrs. Gushing are a 
 thorough complement to those of her husband. Mr. 
 Gushing is a member of the famous Gridiron Club of 
 Washington correspondents, and the monthly " roast " 
 is considered incomplete without the presence of the 
 cheery private secretary and his banjo. His literary 
 style is original, crisp and witty, many of his articles and 
 letters contributed to the press of Boston and New York 
 being masterpieces of their kind. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 261 
 
 EDWARll AUGUSTUS MOSELEY, secretary of the 
 Interstate Commerce Commission, has labored 
 zealously for j^ears to secure uniform safety couplers for 
 railway cars, and is the recognized authority on that 
 subject in this country, his efforts having attracted the 
 attention of presidents, senators and congressmen, 
 magazine writers, and especially the organizations of 
 railway employees. He was born in Newburyport, xMarch 
 23, 1846, his father being an East India merchant and 
 well-known banker. 
 After attending the 
 public schools, he 
 shipped, at the age 
 of sixteen, before the 
 mast of an F2ast In- 
 dianian and made a 
 long voyage. He 
 afterwards entered 
 the service of Wells, 
 K d m u n d s & Co., 
 East India merchants 
 and later was asso- 
 ciated with N. & B. 
 G o d d a r (1 , a firm 
 whose predecessors 
 were the pioneers in 
 the trade, dating 
 back to the begin- 
 ning of the present 
 century. Mr. Mose- 
 ley was subsequently 
 in partnership with 
 his father. I ni m e - 
 d i a t e 1 y after the 
 Boston fire of 1S72, 
 the firm of Moseley, 
 Wheelwright >& Co. 
 was formed, and for 
 years did an immense 
 business in Southern 
 
 pine, Mr. Moseley travelling through the Southern 
 States, the West Indies, South .\merica and Europe, 
 making sales and furthering the interests of his house. 
 In June, 1880, the firm of Stetson, Moseley & Co., 
 lumber dealers, was organized, succeeding to the busi- 
 ness of one of the oldest firms in the United States, 
 and Mr. Moseley was a member of that firm at the time 
 of his appointment to the position he now occupies. 
 He was commissioner of the Newburyport Sinking Fund 
 
 
 EDWARD A. MOSELEY. 
 
 for fifteen years after its organization ; was a member 
 of the Common Council and an alderman ; was twice 
 elected to the General Court of Massachusetts, and 
 during his term of office was a member of the Commit- 
 tee on Railroads. He was president of the Mechanics' 
 Exchange of Boston when he was appointed secretary 
 of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Since going 
 to Washington he has been admitted to the bar of the 
 Supreme Court of the District of Columbia and of the 
 
 Court of Claims. 
 Mr. Moseley is a 
 thirty-second degree 
 Mason in both the 
 Northern and South- 
 ern jurisdictions ; a 
 noble of the Mystic 
 Shrine ; a Knight 
 Templar ; an hono- 
 r a r y member of 
 A. W. Hartlett Post, 
 G. A. R. ; and for 
 several years was 
 master workman of 
 Mt. Washington As- 
 sembly, No. 3478, 
 Knights of Labor. 
 He is one of the 
 most exjsert swim- 
 mers and canoeists in 
 America, and years 
 ago was an amateur 
 boxer of great note. 
 His life has been 
 full of adventure. 
 Few men have such 
 a number of -loyal 
 friends. \V hen, in 
 1891, there were ru- 
 mors of a change in 
 the secretaryship of 
 the Interstate Commerce Commission a spontaneous 
 and emphatic protest immediately came from many 
 men of national prominence, including James G. Blaine, 
 United States Senators Dawes, Chandler and Blair, 
 Congressmen Milliken and Crapo, the railroad commis- 
 sioners of several States, P. M. Arthur, of the Brother- 
 hood of Locomotive Engineers, and many railroad cor- 
 porations and organizations of railroad employees, all 
 expressing the hope that his services might be retained. 
 
262 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 RAILROAD corporations, which in many States with 
 impunity infringe the rights and disregard the 
 convenience of the people, are in Massachusetts closely 
 watched by a railroad commission, which since its estab- 
 lishment has made a most enviable record in the correc- 
 tion of existing abuses and wrongs, and in showing what 
 improvements were most needed and how to secure 
 them. The youngest member of this commission is 
 William J. Dale, Jr., who was appointed in December, 
 1 89 1. He had pre- 
 viously shown what 
 manner of man he 
 was by his energetic 
 performance of the 
 duties of assistant 
 postmaster of Bos- 
 ton under General 
 Corse, by his con- 
 duct of large manu- 
 facturing interests, 
 and by his manage- 
 ment of a political 
 campaign. Mr. Dale 
 was born in Boston 
 April 15, 1850. He 
 is the son of Dr. W. 
 J. Dale, a distin- 
 guished physician, 
 who was surgeon- 
 general of Massa- 
 chusetts, having 
 been appointed by 
 Governor Andrew, 
 and holding the 
 office for nearly 
 twenty years after 
 the close of the War 
 of the Rebellion. 
 Removing to his 
 ancestral homestead 
 
 in North Andover, Mass., at the close of the war, Sur- 
 geon-General Dale and his son, William 1., ha\e resided 
 there for most of the time since. The farm, which con- 
 tains several hundred acres, has been in the possession 
 of the Dale family since 1636. Mr. Dale was educated 
 in the public schools of Boston, and at I'liillips Academy, 
 Andover. He was for a number of years a member of 
 the School Committee of .Andover, and for several terms 
 was its chairman. He was also chairman of the Board 
 
 of Selectmen of the town. In December, 1886, on ac- 
 count of his well-known executive abilities, Mr. Dale was 
 appointed assistant postmaster of Boston, under Post- 
 master Corse, assuming the duties of that office on Jan. 
 I, 1887, and continuing in the position until the change 
 of administration and the incoming of Postmaster Hart. 
 During his term of office Mr. Dale rendered most valua- 
 ble assistance to General Corse in the many radical 
 reforms which the latter carried out, and which con- 
 tributed greatly t o 
 the e ffi c i e n c y of 
 the postal service in 
 Boston. During the 
 political campaign 
 of 1 89 1 Mr. Dale 
 was secretary of the 
 Democratic State 
 Committee, and en- 
 joyed the confidence 
 and esteem of all 
 the party leaders. In 
 December of that 
 year Governor Rus- 
 sell appointed h i m 
 to the Board of 
 Railroad C o m m i s - 
 sioners, to succeed 
 the late Edward W. 
 Kinsley. It has 
 proved to be one of 
 the wisest of the 
 many wise appoint- 
 ments made by (lov- 
 ernor Russell. Mr. 
 Dale for a number of 
 years was president 
 of the Exeter Manu- 
 facturing Company, 
 Exeter, N. H., manu- 
 facturers of cotton 
 goods. He is a member of the First Corps of Cadets, 
 of which his maternal grandfather. Colonel Joseph H. 
 Adams, was at one time commander. Mr. Dale has 
 been one of the directors of the Music Hall Association 
 of Boston, and is a member of the Somerset Club, the 
 Boston Athletic Association, and various social organ- 
 izations. He was married, in 1891, to Miss EHse M. 
 Ballou, daughter of Murray R. Ballou, chairman of the 
 Boston Stock Exchange. 
 
 WILLIAM J. DALE, JR. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 26s 
 
 JOHN G. LOW, the inventor of the art tiles that 
 bear his name, has developed the greatest artistic 
 industry of America in the department of fictile prod- 
 ucts. Mr. Low studied painting in Paris, and was 
 long a leading member of the artists' fraternity in Boston 
 at the time of that celebrated semi-Bohemian organiza- 
 tion, the Allston Club, of which he was a member along 
 with William M. Hunt, Thomas Robinson, Joseph Fox- 
 croft Cole and Albion H. Bicknell. Perceiving the 
 capacity for the artis- 
 tic design and use of 
 tile to a degree im- 
 mensely in advance 
 of anything done at 
 the time, while the 
 country was keenly 
 alive to the impulse 
 imparted to artistic 
 activity by the Cen- 
 tennial exhibition at 
 Philadelphia, two 
 years before, he, with 
 his father, Mr, John 
 Low, f o u n d e (_1 i n 
 Chelsea, in 1878, the 
 nucleus of the great 
 works now conducted 
 by the Low Art-Tile 
 C o m ])an y , — the 
 largest establishment 
 in the world for the 
 production of this 
 class of work. The 
 tiles thus produced 
 were of a new order ; 
 a revelation in the 
 way of the possibili- 
 ties of fictile art. 
 They soon became 
 known all over the 
 
 artistic world. In 1880, less than two years from the 
 birth of this new American industry, these tiles were 
 awarded in London a ten-guinea gold medal — the 
 highest prize — over all the English manufacturers, with 
 the experience and prestige of many years of prosper- 
 ous activity behind them. Since then, at Barcelona, in 
 Spain, and at the great Exposition Universelle in Paris, 
 they have been awarded gold and silver medals. A com- 
 parison between the tiles in use before the Low tiles were 
 
 JOHN G. LOW 
 
 made, and those which were soon turned out in great 
 quantities at Chelsea, will show in the former products 
 which now seem almost of a primitive crudeness in 
 design and color. The new American tiles exhibited a 
 phenomenal variety and attractiveness in shape, size and 
 design. For the first time tiles were made in relief, 
 and their inventor, with a remarkable fertility of resource 
 and a striking talent for structural design, adapted them 
 to form decorative parts of many objects of every-day 
 
 use — including 
 stoves, clocks, furni- 
 ture, candlesticks, 
 wine coolers, paper- 
 weights, ash-trays, 
 jardinieres, etc. 
 Great as is their use 
 for these purposes, 
 however, the most 
 extensive application 
 yet made of them is 
 in the recently de- 
 veloped tile soda- 
 fountains that are 
 now revolutionizing 
 this great and pecul- 
 iarly American busi- 
 ness. These fountains 
 are of massive con- 
 struction and most 
 attractive a p p e a r- 
 ance, being c o m - 
 posed of beautifully 
 artistic bas-relief 
 panels in combina- 
 tion with rich archi- 
 tectural mouldings, 
 making objects that 
 are extremely deco- 
 rative. The care 
 which Mr. Low has 
 taken to give all the products of the establishment a 
 thoroughly artistic character, in addition to their ster- 
 ling technical merit, has been at the base of his suc- 
 cess. An artistic triumph of the works was the produc- 
 tion, a few years ago, of a series of " plastic sketches," 
 made in a limited number, and now having the value of 
 great rarity for collectors. Mr. Low's son, John F. Low, 
 is associated with him, and to his rare ability as a chem- 
 ist are due the rich and delicate color-tones of these tiles. 
 
264 
 
 MASSACIWSETrS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ARTHUR S. LELAND was born and bred in Boston. 
 He was educated in pri\ate schools, attending 
 C'hauncy Hall and the Institute of Technology. He 
 determined early in his career to educate himself in 
 the woollen business. His first year of business was 
 spent in examining woollens in the concern of MacuUar, 
 Parker & Williams, now Macullar, Parker & Co., in 1879. 
 After remaining one year he left the woollen business 
 temporarily and went through Bryant & Stratton's Com- 
 mercial College. He 
 then went into the 
 woollen commission 
 business with the 
 concern of flowing 
 i<: Crew (now Cow- 
 ing, Sawyer & Co.), 
 of New York and 
 B o s t o n , a n d at 
 twenty-one years of 
 age he became their 
 h e a d hook - keeper. 
 From Cowing & 
 (i r e w ' s office h e 
 went to Mackintosh, 
 Green & Co.'s, 
 where, at the end of 
 one year, he became 
 their head salesman. 
 At this house during 
 his odd hours, gained 
 by early rising, he 
 studied law. Here 
 also he studied the 
 designing and weav- 
 ing of textiles. His 
 vacation he spent in 
 trying to perfect him- 
 self in his business. 
 He was a weaver in 
 a woollen mill in 
 
 South Boston, and endeavored to learn carding and 
 spinning in Vermont. He was also wool sorter in the 
 Washington Mills in Lawrence. After remaining with 
 the house two years, he associated himself, at twenty- 
 three years of age, with James Walton, of Methuen, 
 under the style of Walton & Leland. His business now 
 amounted to four hundred and fifty thousand dollars in 
 a single year. It was during this time that Mr. Leland 
 went into the Washington Mills as wool sorter, reniain- 
 
 ARTHUR S. LELAND 
 
 ing from six until twelve o'clock. His afternoons were 
 then spent at his mill in Methuen. When twenty-seven 
 years of age he assumed the business alone, under the 
 name of A. S. Leland & Co. Mr. Leland has written 
 articles for magazines and newspapers, which have been 
 received with the consideration they deserve. At thirty 
 years of age he sold out his mill property. Although 
 his business as a manufacturer was a success, Mr. Leland 
 at this time concluded to enter the arena of banking. 
 
 In January, 1S90, he 
 formed the concern 
 of Leland, Towle & 
 Co., which has from 
 its inception been 
 remarkably success- 
 ful. Mr. Leland 
 makes a business of 
 ", takmg up new enter- 
 
 prises and obtaining 
 for t h e m sufficient 
 capital to make them 
 successful. Mr. Le- 
 land has been suc- 
 cessful in everything 
 he has undertaken, 
 and has never been 
 connected with any- 
 thing approaching 
 failure. As an organ- 
 izer he has developed 
 his natural talents so 
 perfectly that in 
 a period of eighteen 
 months the birth of 
 three new companies 
 and the revivifying 
 of two old ones, all 
 of which are profit- 
 able, attest his busi- 
 ness tact. His 
 opinion and experience are much in demand by corpo- 
 rations and concerns wanting advice. His firm does a 
 large commission business in stocks and bonds. The 
 motto that nothing succeeds like success is exemplified 
 in Mr. Leland. He is endowed with a seemingly inex- 
 haustible capacity for work and has the faculty of 
 accomplishing much in totally different lines of activity 
 within a very short space of time. As he is still in the 
 prime of life, he has a good future before him. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 265 
 
 IN the long list of honored names of Boston financiers 
 who have been instrumental in the development of 
 New England industries, belongs the name of Spencer 
 Welles Richardson. He is the senior partner in the 
 banking house of Richardson, Hill & Co., one of the 
 most solid and conservative of all the financial institu- 
 tions of Boston, and besides this has multifarious inter- 
 rests in other directions which identify him with some 
 of the most prominent facts in the financial, mercantile 
 and social life of the 
 Boston of to-day. 
 He was born in 
 Princeton, Mass., 
 April 10, 1834, and 
 was educated in the 
 Boston public schools 
 and the Brookline 
 High School. He 
 was a bright scholar, 
 as is shown by the 
 fact that he received 
 the Franklin medal 
 at the (Juincy School 
 in Boston in 1849. 
 He began business 
 life in the ticket 
 office of the Boston 
 & Maine Railroad in 
 Boston, remaining 
 there a year. In Feb- 
 ruary, 1852, he en- 
 tered the Boston 
 office of the treas- 
 urer of the Laconia 
 Company, the Pep- 
 perell Manufacturing 
 Company, and the 
 Saco Water Power 
 Machine Shop, all of 
 Biddeford, Me. He 
 
 was employed in this office until the breaking out of the 
 Civil War, when he enlisted in the Forty-fourth Massa- 
 chusetts Regiment, and was promoted to the rank of 
 captain of Company K. Mr. Richardson is one of five 
 brothers who served in the Union .\rmy during the Re- 
 bellion. After returning to Boston, the banking firm 
 of Dwight, Richardson & Co. was estalilished, in 1866, 
 and Mr. Richardson was its head until October, 1869, 
 
 SPENCER W. RICHARDSON 
 
 With William H. Hill, Jr., and Edward D. Adams, he 
 founded, Nov. i, 1870, the present banking and broker- 
 age house of Richardson, Hill & Co. In December of 
 the same year he was elected treasurer of the Saco 
 Water Power Machine Shop, of Biddeford, in which 
 position he still remains. He is also a director of the 
 Boston & Bangor Steamship Company. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Mercantile Library Association from 1854 to 
 i860, serving on its board of directors, on its lecture 
 
 committee, as treas- 
 urer, and as presi- 
 dent. For several 
 years he was con- 
 nected officially with 
 the New England Fe- 
 male College, until it 
 was transferred to 
 the Boston Univer- 
 sity. He is at pres- 
 ent treasurer and 
 trustee of the Mas- 
 sachusetts H o m 02 o- 
 pathic Hospital, and 
 holds many [Jositions 
 of responsibility as 
 trustee and director 
 of other institutions. 
 Mr. Richardson is a 
 member of Benjamin 
 Stone, Jr., Post 68, 
 Crand Army of the 
 Republic, and com- 
 panion of the Mili- 
 tary Order of the 
 Loyal Legion. He 
 is also a member of 
 the Art, Algonquin, 
 and Merchant s' 
 clubs. On June 27, 
 1864, he was married 
 to Miss Mary T. Cumston, daughter of the late William 
 Cumston, founder of the firm of Hallett & Cumston, 
 piano manufacturers. Mr. and Mrs. Richardson have 
 three sons, — William Cumston Richardson, S. B., grad- 
 uated in 1 89 1 from the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
 nology ; Spencer Cumston Richardson, now at Harvard, 
 and .A.mor HoUingsworth Richardson, who is in his 
 father's office. Mr. Richardson's residence is on Marl- 
 
 \ 
 
 after which for a year he continued the business alone- borough Street, Boston. 
 
266 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IN the panorama of the religious history of Boston, one 
 of the most conspicuous figures is the First Religious 
 Society of Roxbury, which was founded in 1631, and of 
 which John F^liot, " the Apostle to the Indians," was the 
 second minister. The church has had a long line of 
 distinguished pastors whose influence was ever potent in 
 the religious, social and political life of the community. 
 Rev. James De Normandie, the present pastor, has 
 more than sustained the high reputation of the church, 
 for when he first took 
 charge, in 1883, he 
 found the society in 
 a rather disorganized 
 condition. He im- 
 mediately began to 
 buiUl up the church 
 and put into it new 
 life and activity. His 
 efforts have been 
 eminently successful. 
 Mr. De Normandie 
 has a scholarly mind 
 and is a pulpit orator 
 of great power. The 
 De Nor m a n d i e 
 family is one of the 
 oldest in the annals 
 of France, going from 
 thence to Geneva at 
 the time of Calvin. 
 Andre I )e Normandie 
 was the first of the 
 family to come to 
 .America. He settled 
 at Bristol, Penn., in 
 1706. It was near 
 here that fames De 
 Normandie was born, 
 June 9, 1836. His 
 mother's family, the 
 
 Yardleys, were of English (Quaker descent, coming over 
 with William Penn. Mr. De Normandie entered Antioch 
 College (Ohio) at its opening, in 1853, under Horace 
 Mann, then the most distinguished educator in America, 
 who took charge of this college, that here, without the 
 barriers of tradition, he might carry out some of his 
 high moral ideas in college training. After graduating, 
 Mr. De Normandie taught a year in Washington Uni- 
 versity at St. Louis, and then entered the Harvard 
 
 JAMES DE NORMANDIE 
 
 Divinity School. Graduating there in 1S62, he was 
 called to the South Parish, at Portsmouth, N. H., 
 October, 1862, as the successor of Rev. Dr. A. P. 
 Peabody. Here he became prominent in all the educa- 
 tional and philanthropic interests of that town, espe- 
 cially during the struggle of the Rebellion, and in the 
 work of the Unitarian denomination, a contributor to its 
 periodicals, a director for several years of the American 
 Unitarian .Association, and chairman of the National 
 
 Conference for seven 
 years. After being 
 connected with the 
 Unitarian Review in 
 an editorial capacity 
 for some time, he 
 assumed entire 
 charge of it in 1882. 
 His pastorate in 
 Portsmouth came to 
 a close in 1883, 
 when, after having 
 received calls to sev- 
 eral of the most 
 prominent churches 
 of the Unitarian 
 body, — among which 
 were the First Parish 
 in Portland, Me., and 
 the Church of the 
 Messiah at St. Louis, 
 — he acceptetl the 
 invitation to take 
 charge of the First 
 Religious Society in 
 Roxbury, the church 
 made famous by the 
 long ministry of the 
 .Apostle Eliot in its 
 early history, and at 
 a later date even 
 more so by the remarkable ministry of Dr. Putnam, who 
 is still regarded by a whole generation as one of the 
 most eloquent and effective preachers Boston ever had. 
 Since 1884, Mr. De Normandie has been president of 
 the Board of 'I'rustees of the Roxbury Latin School, 
 which was founded about the time of the great grammar 
 schools of England, during the revival of classical 
 learning. In this capacity his erudition and scholarly 
 attainments have proved invaluable. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 l6j 
 
 CHARLES WESLEY EMERSON, M. D., LL. D., 
 preacher, author, teacher, orator, and founder of 
 the Emerson College of Oratory of Boston, was born in 
 Pittsfield, Vt., Nov. 30, 1837, the son of 'I'homas and 
 Mary F. (Hewitt) Emerson. He comes of a race of 
 ministers and learned men, and is a remote relative 
 of Ralph Waldo Emerson. The family was ennobled 
 by Henrv VHL Charles Wesley Emerson laid the 
 foundation of his educational equipment in the public 
 schools of his native 
 State, supplemented 
 by several years of 
 scientific, philosoph- 
 ical and theological 
 study. He graduated 
 from the Medical Col- 
 lege of Philadelphia, 
 and coming to Bos- 
 t o n passed through 
 two departments — 
 law and oratory — of 
 the Boston Univer- 
 sity. Completing his 
 theological studies 
 with Rev. Dr. Tyler, 
 he was ordained to 
 t h e Congregational 
 ministry in Windham 
 C o u n t y, Vt. For 
 twenty years Dr. 
 Emerson preached 
 with phenomenal 
 success, holding pas- 
 torates in several 
 places in Vermont 
 a n d Massachusetts. 
 He built up weak 
 parishes, relieved 
 churches from debt, 
 and everywhere 
 
 preached to overflowing congregations. After twenty 
 years of incessant pulpit and parish work his health 
 became greatly impaired, and the resignation of his 
 Fitchburg pastorate and withdrawal from public work 
 became necessary. He then devoted himself to the 
 study of voice and physical culture, and \isited Eu- 
 rope for the further ]nirsuit of his oratorical studies. 
 On his return he spent some time in s]jecial study 
 in hospitals, and was subsequently elected professor 
 
 CHARLES W. EMERSON 
 
 of physiology and hygiene of the voice in the Bos- 
 ton University School of Oratory. In 1880 he opened 
 a school of oratory and physical culture in Pemberton 
 Square, Boston, giving it the name of the Monroe Con- 
 servatory of Oratory. 'I'he number of students increased 
 rapidly, new departments were added, and in 1886 the 
 school received a charter from the State, with power to 
 confer degrees, and become the Monroe College of 
 Oratory. Four years later, by legislative enactment, the 
 
 name of the institu- 
 tion was changed to 
 ' the Emerson Col- 
 
 lege of Oratory. The 
 school now occupies 
 the great gran i t e 
 building, corner o f 
 Tremont and Berke- 
 ley streets. The col- 
 lege year just closed 
 witnessed an at- 
 tendance of fi\e 
 hu n d r ed students. 
 The faculty includes 
 Dr. Emerson, presi- 
 dent ; Henry L. 
 Southwick, secre- 
 tary: Susie Rogers 
 Emerson, principal 
 of the department of 
 physical culture ; 
 \Villiam ]. Rolfe, lec- 
 turer on Shakes- 
 peare; John \\'. 
 Dickinson, lecturer 
 on pyschology ; Dan- 
 iel Dorchester, 
 teacher of English 
 literature; S. E. 
 Sherman, teacher of 
 anatomy and physi- 
 ology; H. E. Holt and Albert C. Cheney, teachers of 
 singing : Jessie Eldridge Southwick, teacher of dramatic 
 expression ; C. W. Kidder, professor of vocal physiol- 
 ogy ; Professor Trine, teacher of rhetoric ; and six 
 teachers of oratory, expression and physical culture. 
 In the midst of a busy life, Dr. Emerson has found 
 time to deliver many lectures, and has recently issued 
 three books, — " The Evolution of Expression," " The 
 Perfective Laws of Art " and " Physical Culture." 
 
268 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JAMES E. COTTER, a leading member of the Bos- 
 ton bar, and president of the Charitable Irish 
 Society of Massachusetts, was born in Ireland in 1848. 
 Left motherless in childhood, at the age of seven years 
 he came to Marlboro, Mass., where his father became 
 the owner of a small farm, upon which, and other farms, 
 the boy worked during the summer months, attending 
 school in the winter. Having received his education 
 in the public schools of that town and at the Normal 
 School at Bridge- 
 water, he studied law 
 with William B. Gale, 
 of Marlboro, and in 
 January, 1874, was 
 admitted to the bar 
 in Middlesex County. 
 Removing to Hyde 
 Park immediately 
 thereafter, he has 
 since practised h i s 
 profession in Norfolk 
 and Suffolk counties, 
 his office being in the 
 Sears Building, Bos- 
 ton. Almost from 
 the very start, Mr. 
 Cotter's legal career 
 has been one of 
 marked success. 
 During the last ten 
 years he has been re- 
 tained in a number 
 of important cases 
 in the State and fed- 
 eral courts, being 
 counsel in suits over 
 the water supply of 
 cities and towns, in- 
 volving the value of 
 franchise, and the 
 
 l)roi)erty and rights of water companies ; also in land 
 damage suits, in a variety of actions of tort for personal 
 injuries against cities, towns and railway corporations, 
 in several noted will cases, and in actions against insur- 
 ance companies. He was senior counsel for, and suc- 
 cessfully defended, the section master of the Old Colony 
 Railroad, who was indicted for manslaughter and 
 charged with the immediate responsibility for the terri- 
 ble railroad accident of Aug. 19, iSgCj known as the 
 
 JAMES E. COTTER 
 
 " Quincy disaster." Mr. Cotter has held various public 
 positions in Hyde Park. He has been chairman of the 
 registrars of voters ; member of the school committee 
 for three years, the last year (1888), chairman; town 
 counsel since 1878, with the exception of one year; 
 chairman of the general committee that had charge of 
 the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the 
 incorporation of that town ; vice-president of the His- 
 torical Society, and charter member and director of the 
 
 Hyde Park Social 
 Club. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Norfolk, 
 Suffolk and Ameri- 
 can Bar associations. 
 In 1874 and in 1S77 
 he was the Demo- 
 cratic candidate for 
 district attorney for 
 the district, compris- 
 ing Norfolk and Ply- 
 mouth counties, and 
 was the candidate 
 of his party for pres- 
 idential elector in 
 1884. He has de- 
 clined nominations 
 to other political 
 offices, and is now 
 devoting his whole 
 attention to the prac- 
 tice of his profes- 
 sion. In March, 
 1892, he was unani- 
 mously elected pres- 
 ident of the Chari- 
 table Irish Society, 
 one of the old and 
 honorable bodies of 
 New England, many 
 of its members being 
 prominent and influential citizens in and about Boston. 
 In April, 1892, he was admitted to practice in the Su- 
 preme Court of the United States, in Washington, 1). C, 
 on motion of Attorney-General Pillsbury. Mr. Cotter 
 was married, in October, 1874, to Miss Mary A. \\'alsh. 
 Six children have been born to them, fi\e of whom are 
 living. His residence is in Sunnyside, Hyde Park. 
 Not yet past his jirime, Mr. Cotter may well anticipate 
 many years of honorable achievement. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 269 
 
 OF Henry Austin, one of the most lirilliant and 
 versatile of the younger generation of New 
 England poets, it has been said by a famous critic, that, 
 as a master of the laws of versification, he has no living 
 superior. But Henry Austin is not a mere versifier — 
 he is both poet and philosopher. Edward Everett 
 Hale has said : " Mr. Austin really has the eye which 
 perceives the analogy between things visible and things 
 invisible, and he possesses the lyric swing." His life 
 has been full of in- 
 teresting incident 
 and adventure, a n d 
 in many lands he 
 has gathered the ma- 
 terial for his produc- 
 tions. Henry Austin 
 was born in West 
 Roxbury, near Bos- 
 ton, Feb. 25, 1858. 
 After attending the 
 p u b li c schools of 
 Dorchester, he was 
 fitted for Harvard at 
 St. Mark's School, 
 Southboro. Instead 
 of matriculating at 
 Cambridge, h o w - 
 ever, he started on 
 a tour of the West- 
 ern States, and be- 
 fore his return to 
 Boston had visited 
 Japan, China, Ma- 
 lacca, India, Egypt, 
 and Spain. Enter- 
 ing Harvard, he 
 stiulied for a time, 
 but did not gradu- 
 ate. His name, 
 however, is carried 
 
 on the rolls of the class of 1878. Going abroad again, 
 he spent some time in .'\ustralia and England, after 
 which he returned to this country and became con- 
 nected with the newspaper press of Baltimore and 
 Washington as reporter, editorial writer and art critic. 
 For two years he did considerable drai\iatic work, trans- 
 lating from the French several comic operas now the 
 property of Charles Ford, of Baltimore. He then went 
 to New Orleans, and while there wrote many notable 
 
 magazine articles. From the Southern metropolis he 
 went to Arkansas, and in (jarland County of that State 
 he ])ublished and edited a daily newspaper. Returning 
 to New Orleans and joining the staff of the Times- 
 Democrat, he remained there several years. During 
 this period he did a great deal of work for the press in 
 general, sending syndicate letters regularly to over 
 thirty American newspajjers. Mr. Austin was also an 
 official of the famous but ill-starred New Orleans Expo- 
 sition. Relinquish- 
 ing journalism, he 
 went into business 
 for two years, during 
 which his pen was 
 busy only at inter- 
 vals. Receiving an 
 invitation to join the 
 editorial staff of the 
 Boston Herald, h e 
 accepted it, and re- 
 m a i n e d with that 
 liaper for two years. 
 He then started a 
 literary syndicate 
 in connection with 
 the Boston Traveller, 
 which he continued 
 f o r a t i m e . Mr. 
 .i^ustin was actively 
 interested in the 
 Nationalist m o v e - 
 ment from its incep- 
 tion, and was one of 
 the leading spirits 
 in the formation of 
 its clubs. _He was 
 the editor of the 
 " Nationalist Maga- 
 zine " during its first 
 year. For the last 
 two years he has been engaged in general literary work, 
 " producing books for publishers," as he modestly puts 
 it. Some of the best of his poems have been collected in 
 a volume entitled " Vagabond Verses " (Boston, 1890). 
 Mr. Austin is residing at present (1892) in Boston, tem- 
 porarily, and is engaged in compiling a curious book to 
 be called " The Pathos, Picturesqueness and Philosophy 
 of Crime." He is also writing a novel in verse, illustra- 
 tive of present social conditions. 
 
 HENRY AUSTIN. 
 
270 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FRANCIS A. WALKER. 
 
 [See Portrait on Page 8.] 
 
 GENERAL FRANCIS A. WALKER, chairman of 
 the Board of World's Fair Managers of Massa- 
 chusetts, and president of the Massachusetts Institute 
 of Technology, is a veteran in the public life of the 
 country. A son of the economist, Amasa Walker, 
 Francis A. Walker was born in Boston on July 2, 1840, 
 graduated at Amherst in i860, and began the study of 
 law at Worcester. He joined the Massachusetts Volun- 
 teers, and ser\ed with distinction in the war, leaving 
 the army as brevet brigadier-general of volunteers. For 
 a time he taught the classic languages in the Williston 
 Seminary, and was later an assistant editor of the Spring- 
 field Republican. In 1869 he became chief of the Bu- 
 reau of Statistics in the United States Treasury Depart- 
 ment, and in 1870 superintendent of the ninth census. 
 During 1871 and 1872 he held, in addition to the 
 superintendency of the census, the ofifice of commis- 
 sioner of Indian affairs. In 1873 he was elected profes- 
 sor of political economy and history in the Sheffield 
 Scientific School of Yale University, and held this posi- 
 tion until 1 88 1, when he accepted the presidency of the 
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. During this 
 period he occupied public positions as chief of the 
 Bureau of ."V wards at the Philadelphia Exposition, and as 
 superintendent of the tenth census. He also served as 
 one of the LTnited States Commissioners at the Interna- 
 tional Monetary Conference of 1878, a position which 
 he was obliged to decline in connection with the con- 
 ference of 1892. President Walker is an active member 
 of scientific bodies, and has contributed much to their 
 success. He is vice-president of the National .\cademy 
 
 of Sciences, president of the American Statistical Asso- 
 ciation, member of the Advisory Committee of the 
 American Academy of Political and Social Science, presi- 
 dent of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, 
 and was president of the American Economic Associa- 
 tion for a number of years. He is a member of the 
 International Statistical Institute, and an honorary fel- 
 low of the Royal Statistical Society of England. The 
 degree of LI,. D. was conferred upon him in 1881 by 
 Amherst and Vale, in 1883 by Harvard, in 1887 by Co- 
 lumbia, in 1888 by St. Andrews, Scotland, and in 1892 
 by the University of Dublin. His oflicial writings in- 
 clude annual reports as superintendent of the ninth 
 census, 1870-72, as commissioner of Indian affairs, 
 1872, and as superintendent of the tenth census, 1879- 
 81, and the following: "Commerce and Navigation 
 of the United States," two volumes, 1868-69; "Ninth 
 Census," four volumes, 1872-73; "Statistical Atlas of 
 the United States," 1874 ; " Judges' Report on .Awards," 
 eight volumes, 1878; "Tenth Census," twenty-four vol- 
 umes, 1883, ct scq. President Walker has been a fre- 
 quent contributor to the reviews, has delivered numerous 
 addresses on economic, educational and military themes, 
 and has published the following works: "The Indian 
 Question," Boston, 1874 ; "The Wages Question,", New 
 York, 1876; "Money," New York, 1878; "Money, 
 Trade and Industry," 1879; "Land and Its Rent," 
 Boston, 1883; "Political Economy," New York, 1883 
 and 1887 ; "History of the Second .Army Corps," New 
 York, 1886; "First Lessons in Political Economy," 
 New York, 1889. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 271 
 
 MANAGER of the New England department of the 
 New York Life Insurance Company, a position 
 of great responsibility, Benjamin Shreve Calef has for 
 years been prominent and influential in insurance cir- 
 cles, and is recognized as having done much to elevate 
 the standards and the methods of the business. He 
 was born in Maine, but his parents moving to Salem, 
 Mass., he was educated there, graduating from the 
 English High School. He then went to New York 
 City and commenced 
 his business career 
 as clerk in an im- 
 porting house. At 
 the breaking out of 
 the war, in 1861, he 
 enlisted in the Ninth 
 Regiment, New York 
 State Militia. This 
 regiment, which was 
 the first to go out 
 from New York in 
 response to the call 
 for three years' 
 troops, relieved the 
 Seventh Regiment, 
 which had gone out 
 for ninety days. 
 Later, having been 
 promoted to major, 
 he assisted in organ- 
 izing the three regi- 
 ments of the famous 
 Berdan Sharpshoot- 
 ers, and afterwards 
 served on the staff 
 of Major-General 
 D. B. Birney, of the 
 Third Army Corps. 
 Major Calef was 
 taken prisoner in the 
 
 battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864, and was ex- 
 changed in December of the same year. On returning 
 home he received, in recognition of his services, an 
 appointment from President Lincoln as captain and 
 aide-de-camp of volunteers. His health having been 
 much impaired by his imprisonment, he was unable 
 to accept the appointment, and resigned from the army 
 in 1865. In the autumn following the close of the war, 
 Major Calef associated himself with one of the oldest 
 
 importing firms in Boston, from which he retired soon 
 after the great Boston fire of 1872. In 1873 he entered 
 upon the business of life insurance with the LInited 
 States Life Company. He subsequently was connected 
 with the Mutual Life, and in 1879 entered the service of 
 the New York Life Insurance Company in Boston, and 
 was appointed manager of the New England branch of 
 the company in 1880, which position he continues to 
 hold. Major Calef was one of the organizers of the 
 
 Boston Life Under- 
 writers' Association, 
 its first vice-presi- 
 dent, and second 
 president. He was 
 also prominent in 
 organizing the Na- 
 tional Association of 
 Life Underwriters in 
 1890, and was the 
 first chairman of its 
 executive committee, 
 to which position he 
 was again unani- 
 mously elected at the 
 annual convention in 
 New York in 1892. 
 Major Calef is a 
 prominent figure in 
 the business circles 
 of Boston. He is a 
 man of extended 
 social relations, hav- 
 ing held honorable 
 positions in many of 
 the leading clubs and 
 public organiwtions 
 of Boston. The pa- 
 triotic spirit and te- 
 nacity of purpose 
 that has marked his 
 career is an exemplification of the influence of hered- 
 ity. His paternal grandfather and great-grandfather 
 were officers in the army of the Revolution, and Robert 
 Calef, of Boston, will be remembered as the successful 
 antagonist of Cotton Mather, in the days of the Salem 
 witchcraft delusion. Major Calef is a handsome, sol- 
 dierly man, still in the prime of life. His demeanor 
 is vigorous though courtly. Mr. Calef's residence is on 
 Marlborough Street, Boston. 
 
 BENJAMIN S. CALEF, 
 
272 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 x\K 
 
 HUGH O'BRIEN has accomplished as much as 
 any other living man for the cause of good 
 municipal government in Boston. For four years, from 
 1885 to 1888, inclusive, he was mayor of the city, and 
 his administrations were singularly able and free from 
 blemish. The quality of the man and of his public 
 service are evident from this extract from his inaugural 
 address in 1886 : "If the mayor stops waste and extrava- 
 gance he makes determined and unscrupulous enemies 
 of men whose sole 
 object is public 
 plunder, and who do 
 not hesitate to resort 
 to any means to ac- 
 complish their ends. 
 Regardless of threats, 
 regardless sometimes 
 of adverse criticism 
 from parties who do 
 not understand the 
 facts, I have given 
 no quarter the past 
 year to any who have 
 abused the trusts 
 confided to the m , 
 and with such an 
 emphatic endorse- 
 ment from my fel- 
 low-citizens, I feel 
 encouraged to go on 
 with the work. Poli- 
 tical tricksters, who 
 have merely some 
 selfish purpose to 
 gratify, will receive 
 no countenance from 
 me, no matter what 
 party they may be 
 identified with for 
 the time being. It 
 
 is by yielding to these men, on account of the few votes 
 that they control, that municipal gover]iments in all the 
 large cities of the country have become a synonym for 
 waste and extravagance and corruption." And Mayor 
 O'Brien was as good as his word. He was born in Ire- 
 land, July 13, 1827. When he was five years of age his 
 jjarents came to this country, and he received his educa- 
 tion in the public schools of Boston, graduating from the 
 grammar school that stood on Fort Hill. When in his 
 
 JS^'- 
 
 -m 
 
 twelfth year he entered the office of the Boston Courier, 
 to learn the printing trade. From the Courier oflfice he 
 went to the book and job office of Tuttle, Dennett & 
 Chisholm, of which he became foreman at the age of 
 fifteen. Several years later he founded the S/iippins; and 
 Comiuercial List, of which he was long the editor and 
 publisher. His public career began in 1875, when he 
 was elected to the Board of Aldermen. He was re-elected 
 in 1876 and 1877; defeated in 1878; again elected in 
 
 1879, 1880, 188 1, 
 1883, and was chair- 
 man of the board 
 la^K during the last four 
 
 -•-•'''•■• years of his service. 
 
 He was a friend of 
 the laboring interest, 
 securing the passage 
 of an ordinance regu- 
 1 a t i n g payment to 
 workingmen by con- 
 tractors with the city. 
 He urged the aboli- 
 tion of the poll-tax 
 as a prerequisite for 
 voting, advocated 
 the purchase of large 
 areas for public 
 parks, and was iden- 
 tified with the work 
 of securing the im- 
 proved sewerage sys- 
 tem and enlarging 
 the water supply. 
 He has held the 
 office of treasurer 
 and general manager 
 of the Brush Electric 
 Light C o m p any, 
 president of the 
 Union Institution for 
 Savings, treasurer of the Franklin Typographical Society 
 for many years, trustee of the St. Vincent Orphan Asy- 
 lum, and has long been a recognized authority on all 
 matters relating to the trade and commerce of the city. 
 He has always been a firm believer in the future growth 
 of Boston, and as alderman and mayor, covering a period 
 of eleven years of active service, was a prominent factor 
 in carrying out many reforms that have placed Boston at 
 the head of the municipal governments of the country. 
 
 HUGH O'BRIEN 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 273 
 
 CHARLES H. ANDREWS has for many years been 
 a prominent figure in tlie journalistic circles of 
 Boston, both as editor and as publisher. He was born 
 in Boston, Jan. 29, 1834, the son of Justin and Tamar 
 Andrews. After his graduation from the English High 
 School of Boston he began his journalistic career in the 
 office of the New York Pathfiiulcr, a weekly journal, as 
 assistant editor, being then only seventeen years of age. 
 In April, 1852, he entered the service of the Boston 
 Herald, and his con- 
 nection w i t h that 
 paper is notable in 
 many respects. On 
 March i, 1888, Mr. 
 Andrews retired from 
 active journalistic 
 labors, after having 
 been continuously in 
 the service of the 
 Herald for very 
 nearly thirty-six 
 years. During the 
 greater part of this 
 long term he was the 
 news editor of the 
 paper, and in all 
 those years he lost 
 in the aggregate less 
 than one month's 
 time from active 
 duty. Any mention 
 in detail of the ca- 
 reer of Mr. Andrews 
 must necessarily be 
 also a mention of the 
 Boston Hei-ald, vvh i c h 
 for over half a cen- 
 tury has been a rep- 
 resentative, leading 
 and influential news- 
 paper. The Herald is one of the popular newspapers 
 of Boston and of New England, its circulation is e<|ualled 
 by that of only one of the other eight dailies in the city, 
 and its business patronage is extensive and profitable. 
 The first issue of the Herald vizs, in 1846, as an evening 
 publication, " neutral in politics." It was small, of only 
 four pages and twenty columns, and sold for one cent. 
 In 1847 the American Eagle was absorbed, and ten 
 years later the Daily Times. The success of the Herald 
 
 CHARLES H, ANDREWS 
 
 was assured from the start. In its second year it was 
 enlarged and it appeared morning, evening and weekly. 
 In 185 1 the weekly edition was suspended, and a few 
 years later a Sunday edition started. In 1854 it was 
 again enlarged, and in 1869 it came out in its present 
 form, though of late years it has appeared on at least 
 four or five days of the week as a ten or twelve-page 
 paper, and on Sunday with from twenty-four to thirty- 
 two pages. The Sunday edition of the Herald easily 
 
 ranks with the very 
 best publications of 
 its kind. In 1869 
 the paper was pur- 
 chased by R. M. 
 Pulsifer & Co., the 
 partners being R. M. 
 Pulsifer, E. B. Has- 
 kell and Charles H. 
 Andrews. In 1888 
 the paper was put 
 into the hands of a 
 close corporation, the 
 stockholders being 
 the old proprietors, 
 together with \\. H. 
 Woods, John H. 
 Holmes and Fred 
 E. Whiting. Of this 
 corporation Mr. 
 Andrews is now vice- 
 p resident, and 
 though he has relin- 
 quished much of his 
 active participation 
 in the management of 
 ^ the paper, he main- 
 tains a deep interest 
 in it and its steady 
 onward progress, and 
 much of his attention 
 is given to its service. Mr. Andrews' wife was Joseiihine 
 Maralio, and they have four children, — Charles S., 
 Edward J., Blanche and George H. Andrews. His 
 residence is on Beacon Street. It is as a keen, practical 
 steady and conservative journalist that Mr. Andrews 
 ranks among his fellow-craftsmen, who admire him for 
 his useful ciualities and steadfast industry as much as 
 they like him for the sociability that distinguishes the 
 other side of his character. 
 
274 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 TO awake and find himself famous, to be suddenly 
 classed among the leaders of thought who but the 
 day before had never e\en heard his name, — that has 
 been the fortune of Solomon Schindler, the celebrated 
 Jewish rabbi of Boston, to whose utterances the public 
 has listened so attentively during the last half dozen 
 years. Solely by his intellectual power has he made a 
 reputation that others have striven for a lifetime to gain, 
 and Rabbi Schindler, the rationalist, the thinker, the 
 student of sociolog- 
 ical problems, is a 
 figure in the circles 
 of cultured Boston 
 that is at once their 
 ornament and their 
 example. His c a - 
 reer is tinged with 
 romance, and 
 warped, too, with 
 vicissitudes that 
 make the promi- 
 nence of his present 
 position the more 
 emphatic by contrast. 
 He was born at 
 Neisse, in Silesia, in 
 1842. His father 
 was an official of the 
 local Jewish church, 
 and his mother the 
 daughter of a noted 
 Talmud scholar of a 
 neighboring t o w n . 
 He was destined for 
 the rabbinical pro- 
 fession, but the pe- 
 c u liar forces that 
 were to shape the 
 career of the youth 
 were already at work 
 
 in the liberalizing of the times. The more he studied 
 the book of his ancestors the greater became his dis- 
 belief in many of its teachings. " 1 cannot believe in 
 our Bible," he said once, when only nine years old, " it 
 does not seem reasonable to me." Nevertheless, at the 
 age of thirteen, upon the death of his mother, he was 
 sent to Breslau to continue his rabbinical studies. But 
 he was learning against his natural tendencies, and soon 
 gave up his studies. He entered business life, for which 
 
 \ 
 
 SOLOMON SCHINDLER 
 
 he was wholly unfitted by nature, and in which he did 
 not succeed. Two or three years later he was admitted 
 as a government proteg^ to a Catholic seminary at Ober- 
 Glogau, and in two years finished the three years' course, 
 passing his final examination as a teacher at Breslau. He 
 was subsequently a private tutor in \Vestphalia and in 
 Dortmund. He married, and, with the aid of his wife, 
 established a boarding-school, which he managed suc- 
 cessfully until 1871, when he offended the Government 
 
 by a radical political 
 speech and was com- 
 pelled to flee from 
 the country. With 
 a wife and three chil- 
 dren, but with neither 
 money nor friends, 
 he landed in New 
 York in July, 1871. 
 Accepting aid of no 
 one, he became a 
 pedler on the streets, 
 and afterward suc- 
 ceeded in obtaining 
 work in a saw-mill. 
 At last, when his af- 
 fairs were at their 
 lowest ebb, he was 
 invited to take charge 
 of a Jewish congre- 
 gation just formed in 
 Hoboken, N. J. His 
 salary was only five 
 h u n d r e d dollars a 
 year, but he added 
 to his income by 
 teaching in a Ger- 
 man-American acad- 
 emy. In 1874 he 
 was called to the 
 pastorate of the 
 Temple Adath Israel, in Boston, and has remained here 
 ever since. His Friday evening lectures on " Messianic 
 Expectations," which he delivered in 1887, brought him 
 at once into public notice and established his reputa- 
 tion as a vigorous and original thinker. His lectures 
 have been continued since then, and by means of them 
 he has contributed much to the religious and sociological 
 literature of the day. Rabbi Schindler has been a mem- 
 ber of the Boston School Committee for several years. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 275 
 
 TO the readers of Boston newspapers for the last 
 fifty years the firm name of Samuel Hatch &: Co. 
 has been as familiar as a household word. 'I'here is 
 probably no house in Boston that has been more closely 
 identified with, and thoroughly acquainted with, the 
 real estate interests of the city, or through which more 
 transfers of houses and building lots have been made. 
 Having been established in 1835, not many years after 
 the incorporation of Boston as a city, the firm has seen 
 the New England 
 metropolis quadruple 
 in size and popula- 
 tion, and has been 
 one of the factors in 
 its development. 
 The firm was founded 
 by Samuel Hatch, 
 who was one of the 
 pioneers in the auc- 
 tion and commission 
 business in New 
 England, and for 
 over half a century 
 the house has main- 
 tained its high repu- 
 tation for reliability 
 and enterprise. The 
 present junior mem- 
 ber of the firm, Mr. 
 Pldward Hatch, was 
 born in Boston. His 
 education was ob- 
 tained at the public 
 schools, which he left 
 in 1859. Three 
 years later he went 
 to work in the auc- 
 tion house of his 
 uncle, Samuel Hatch, 
 and, as employee or 
 
 partner, has been with the firm ever since. The firm of 
 Samuel Hatch & Co., at the time Mr. Edward Hatch 
 became connected with it, was located at the corner of 
 Water and Devonshire streets, where it remained until 
 1867. In that year the business was removed to No. 3 
 Morton Place, remaining at this stand until the great 
 fire in November, 1S72. Its office having been burned 
 in that fire, the firm opened another in the Traveller 
 Building at No. 9 Congress Street, and has continued 
 
 EDWARD HATCH. 
 
 there ever since. Mr. I'klward Hatch was admitted to 
 the firm in 1872, and for the last twenty years his name 
 has been prominent in many of the heavy real estate 
 transactions of the city, particularly in those of the 
 South End and the Highlands. He conducts a general 
 auctioneering business, selling houses, building lots, 
 farms, and city and suburban property of all kinds. 
 Besides doing a large business in real estate, the firm 
 also sells household effects, furniture, stocks and mer- 
 chandise of every 
 description, giving 
 especial attention to 
 the sale of real es- 
 tate and business 
 chances. All sales 
 entrusted to him are 
 certain to be handled 
 in the most judicious 
 and satisfactory man- 
 ner. Mr. Edward 
 Hatch is one of the 
 directors of the Real 
 Estate Exchange and 
 Auction Board, 
 which was organized 
 in 1889 for the pur- 
 pose of furnishing 
 information to real 
 estate men, and to 
 promote their gen- 
 eral interests. It is 
 modelled somewhat 
 upon the plan of the 
 New York Exchange, 
 and is one of the 
 most effective and 
 successful organiza- 
 tions of business 
 men in New Eng- 
 land. His duties 
 as director of the exchange, added to the management 
 of his own affairs, keep Mr. Hatch fully employed. Mr. 
 Hatch is a member of a number of social organizations, 
 including the Norfolk and Massachusetts Vacht clubs, 
 the Mercantile Library Association and the Boston 
 .Athletic Association. He is also secretary of the Bunt- 
 ing Club, and ex-treasurer of the Gardeners' and Flor- 
 ists' Club. Mr. Hatch is extremely popular both in 
 business and in social circles. 
 
276 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE eloquent advocate, Thomas J. Gargan, is a true 
 Bostonian, having been born in the New P^ngland 
 metropolis Oct. 27, 1844. His parents, Patrick and 
 Rose Gargan, were desirous of giving him a thorough 
 education, and in addition to the excellent course 
 obtained at the public schools, he received private 
 instruction in literature and the classics at the hands 
 of Rev. Peter Krose, S. J., by whom he was prepared 
 for the Boston University Law School. He entered this 
 institution, and in 
 1873 was graduated 
 therefrom, receiving 
 the degree of LL. B. 
 He added to his 
 legal equipment by 
 a course of reading 
 in the law office of 
 Hon. Henry W. 
 Paine. Mr. Gargan, 
 while still in his 
 teens, responded, in 
 1S63, to the call of 
 the Government for 
 troops, and was 
 mustered into the 
 United States ser- 
 vice with a commis- 
 sion as second lieu- 
 tenant. At the 
 expiration of his 
 term of service he 
 was honorably dis- 
 charged. During 
 part of his career. 
 Mr. Gargan followed 
 commercial pursuits. 
 At the age of twenty 
 he had charge of the 
 Boston house of the 
 dry goods firm of 
 
 Wilkinson, Stetson & Co., agents for A. & W. Sprague, 
 and Hoyt, Sprague & Co. While devoted to his profes- 
 sion and giving the major portion of his time to his 
 large practice, Mr. Gargan takes a deep interest in all 
 questions respecting the public welfare. During his 
 active life he has held many positions of trust. In 
 1873 and 1874 he was president of the Charitable Irish 
 Society. In 1868, 1870 and 1876 he served in the 
 lower branch of the Massachusetts Legislature. He 
 
 THOMAS J. GARGAN 
 
 was a member of the Board of Overseers of the Poor in 
 1875, and in 1877-78 was chairman of the Board of 
 License Commissioners of Boston. Mr. Gargan was a 
 member of the Boston Board of Police in 1880 and 
 1881. His eloquence and patriotism, which are the 
 heritage of his race, are frequently called into requisi- 
 tion. He delivered the Fourth of July oration in 
 Boston in 1885, and in the following year delivered the 
 oration at the centennial of the Charitable Irish Society 
 
 of Halifax, N. S- 
 Mr. Gargan was 
 married in Boston, 
 in September, 1867, 
 to Catharine L., 
 daughter of Law- 
 rence and Catharine 
 McGrath. The 
 death of this lady, 
 which occurred in 
 ■f^ the year 1892, was 
 
 lft>»v * the one irreparable 
 
 . M misfortune that has 
 
 % 
 
 cast a shadow upon 
 
 the life of the bril- 
 1 i a n t orator. M r . 
 Gargan has a beau- 
 tiful summer resi- 
 dence at Marble- 
 head, where he lives 
 during the genial 
 months of the year. 
 Mr. Gargan is an 
 earnest student of 
 political economy, 
 and in his public 
 life he has already 
 made for himself an 
 honorable record. 
 He is an enthusiastic 
 advocate of tariff re- 
 form and a firm believer in clean political methods. 
 His oratory is fervid and brilliant. Perhaps the great- 
 est effort of his life was his jjowerful speech before the 
 Charitable Irish Society at Halifax. Mr. tlargan's high 
 standing at the Massachusetts bar and his excellent 
 political record conspire to make him one of the most 
 influential citizens in the Commonwealth. Having 
 obtained an en\iable position while in his prime, the 
 future holds for him the ]jromise of still greater renown. 
 
BOSTOX. 
 
 277 
 
 GEORGE W. GALVIN, M. D., founder and surgeon 
 in charge of the Boston Emergency Hospital, 
 was born in Somerville, Mass., May 4, 1854, and 
 was educated in the pubHc schools. He fitted himself 
 for the study of medicine, and graduated from the Har- 
 vard Medical School in 1876. In a competitive exami- 
 nation for the position of assistant at the Massachusetts 
 Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, he received the 
 appointment, and served four years at that institution. 
 He began the prac- 
 tice of medicine and 
 surgery in the South 
 Cove district in 1885, 
 and was appointed 
 surgeon for the Old 
 Colony and New 
 York & New England 
 railroads, to take 
 care of accident 
 cases at their stations 
 in Boston. Being 
 the only surgeon in 
 that district, nearly 
 all the casualty work 
 was referred to him. 
 He established an 
 accident room in the 
 United States Hotel 
 in 1889, and in one 
 year eight hundred 
 injured people were 
 treated there. Rec- 
 ognizing the great 
 need of a hospital in 
 that district, and de- 
 siring the co-opera- 
 tion of some of the 
 younger members of 
 the Massachusetts 
 Medical Society, to 
 
 which he belongs, he advocated, at a meeting of that 
 organization, the innnediate establishment of an emer- 
 gency hospital in the business district. For some un- 
 explained reason no action was taken by the committee 
 appointed to investigate the matter. He consulted with 
 the officers of the three southern railroads and of the 
 West End Street Railway, personally interviewed nearly 
 four hundred of the leading business men, and received 
 substantial aid toward fitting up and equipping the new 
 
 GEORGE W. GALVIN 
 
 annex of the United States Hotel for hospital purposes. 
 In 1892, it was incorporated as a public charitable insti- 
 tution, under the name of the Boston Emergency Hos- 
 pital. It was a success from the outset, in the first 
 eighteen months of its existence seven thousand injured 
 people receiving treatment, twenty thousand dressings 
 being made, and only fifty cases being referred to other 
 hospitals. To-day it is admitted by those familiar with 
 the subject that the district covered by this hospital has 
 
 the best ambulance 
 service of any city in 
 the Union. Not over 
 five or six minutes 
 is consumed in reach- 
 ing the desired des- 
 tination, and the 
 
 t-< ambulance is never 
 :; allowed to leave the 
 i hospital without a 
 i surgeon and assistant 
 i who are equipped 
 I to act on the spot. 
 ' •" It is the only hos- 
 pital to respond to 
 calls, and there is 
 not a moment's de- 
 lay when the patient 
 arrives at the hos- 
 pital for treatment. 
 In December, 1892, 
 the hospital had out- 
 grown its accommo- 
 dations, and the 
 whole building was 
 leased for five years, 
 at the expiration of 
 which it is hoped that 
 the treasury will have 
 enough money to 
 build and own its 
 property. In 1888, Dr. Galvin published " Personal 
 Impressions of the Hot Springs, Arkansas, with report 
 of a case " ; and in 1S89, "The ^'alue of Local Treat- 
 ment of Pulmonary Diseases by Inhalation of Anti- 
 septic Vapors." He is a son of John Galvin, superin- 
 tendent of Long and Rainsford islands, and a brother 
 of City Clerk John M. Galvin, and a twin brother of 
 Thomas F. Galvin, the florist. Dr. Galvin's career of 
 usefulness has only just begun. 
 
278 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 GEORGE MANN FISKE, a son of (George Fiske, 
 a prominent citizen of Medfield, Mass., was born 
 in that town in 1842, receiving his education there. 
 In 1862, enlisting in the Forty-second Regiment, Mas- 
 sachusetts Vohinteers, he served one year under (leneral 
 Banks, in the Department of the Gulf. For several 
 years after the close of the war he was engaged in farm- 
 ing at Medfield, and in 1871, coming to Boston, became 
 connected with Messrs. James Edmond & Co., manu- 
 facturers of fire brick 
 and importers of 
 sewer pipe, etc. He 
 entered at once into 
 a practical study of 
 the business, and in 
 1877 the firm of 
 Fiske & Colman was 
 formed. In 1880 Mr. 
 Fiske merged his bus- 
 iness with that of the 
 Boston Fire Brick 
 Company, owners of 
 the wharf and factory 
 formerly occu])ied by 
 Messrs. James Ed- 
 mond & Co., and, 
 becoming a stock- 
 holder and director 
 therein, assumed the 
 management of the 
 whole concern. The 
 P.oston Terra Cotta 
 Company was formed 
 in 1 88 1, the stock- 
 holders being practi- 
 cally the same as in 
 the Boston Fire Brick 
 Company, and of that 
 also Mr. Fiske be- 
 came treasurer and 
 
 manager. Putting his whole energy into the manufac- 
 turing department, he has taken a leading part in the 
 development of clay building material in this country, 
 and has secured several United States and British patents 
 on new and unique forms of brick and terracotta work. 
 The two factories, one located on Federal Street, Bos- 
 ton, and the other on K Street, South Boston, employ 
 about two hundred and fifty men, and produce large 
 amounts of architectural terra-<:otta and specialties in 
 
 GEORGE M. FISKE, 
 
 building brick. Mr. Fiske is also a (lioneer in the suc- 
 cessful production of constructive faience for interior and 
 exterior work. This department was entered upon in 
 i8go, and among the notable pieces of work already 
 executed may be mentioned the corridor of "The 
 Charlesgate," on Beacon Street, Boston, and the wait- 
 ing-room in the Philadelphia & Reading terminal station 
 in Philadelphia. The firm of Messrs. Fiske, Homes 
 & Co. have prepared a fine exhibit for the World's Fair, 
 
 which will show to 
 what a degree of per- 
 fection their produc- 
 t i o n s have been 
 brought. Mr. Fiske 
 is widely known and 
 recognized as a leader 
 and authority in his 
 line of business, and 
 his success is due to 
 his thorough mastery 
 of all the details of 
 his calling, his broad, 
 progressive ideas and 
 his fertility in antici- 
 pating the public re- 
 <|uirements. Amid 
 his multitudinous 
 cares, Mr. Fiske finds 
 time to take an acti\e 
 part in civil affairs, 
 having served in the 
 city go\ernment of 
 Newton, where he 
 owns one of the 
 finest residences of 
 the "(jarden City," 
 and in other posi- 
 tions of trust and of 
 honor. He married, 
 in 1864, Sarah W. 
 Wilder, daughter of Silas W. and Caroline E. Wilder. 
 Their children are J. P. B. Fiske, a prominent electrical 
 engineer, and Amy Plympton Fiske. Mr. Fiske is past 
 commander of Moses Ellis Post, Grand Army of the 
 Reiniblic, of Medfield, and a prominent member of 
 Charles ^\'ard Post, of Newton. He has frequently 
 delivered most elocpient Memorial Dav addresses to the 
 people in the different towns and cities of the State, and 
 is very popular with the veterans. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 279 
 
 <0*- ^tjr*. 
 
 STARTING out into the venturesome world of busi- 
 ness without friends and without capital, George 
 O. Wales has achieved, while still a comparatively young 
 man, one of the conspicuous successes in the commer- 
 cial life of Boston — a success due not to speculation 
 or to mere chance, but to his own pluck, ability and 
 integrity. The firm of George O. Wales & Co., iron 
 merchants, is well and favorably known throughout New 
 England, as well as in the iron trade of the country. 
 Mr. Wales is a native 
 of the old presiden- 
 tial town of Brain- 
 tree, Mass., where he 
 was born in 1848, 
 the son of George 
 and Isabella C.Wales. 
 He obtained his early 
 education in the com- 
 mon schools of Brain- 
 tree, and, after grad- 
 uating from the Higli 
 .School, where he ac- 
 quitted himself cred- 
 itably, he came, in 
 1867, to Boston, hav- 
 ing chosen for him- 
 self a mercantile ca- 
 reer. Beginning in 
 a modest way as en- 
 try clerk for the 
 wholesale millinery 
 house of Sleeper, 
 Fisk & Co., he worked 
 his way up to "the po- 
 sition of book- 
 keeper. He served 
 this firm faithfully for 
 three years, and then, 
 being desirous of 
 widening his business 
 
 experience and familiarizing himself with other lines 
 of trade, he went as head book-keeper to the firm of 
 Albert Thompson & Co., wholesale leather dealers. In 
 this position he remained one year, and then, in 187 1; 
 when but twenty-three years of age, he started in busi- 
 ness for himself, and laid the foundations of what is 
 now"_one of the most respected firms in Boston. Its 
 growth has been rapid but normal. Taking the New 
 England agency of some of the Pennsylvania iron mills, 
 
 GEORGE 0. WALES. 
 
 Mr. Wales has developed, from small beginnings, a large 
 business that is conducted with great skill and energy. 
 Parallel cases of uninterrupted success from the very 
 start are not of frequent occurrence. By the introduc- 
 tion of original and aggressive methods, combined with 
 foresight and rare business tact, Mr. Wales has been 
 enabled to win the respect and confidence of all his 
 business associates. The firm of George O. Wales 
 & Co., whose offices are in the Mason Building, on 
 
 Kilby Street, repre- 
 sents many of the 
 largest and most re- 
 liable iron mills of 
 Pennsylvania, deal- 
 ing principally in the 
 highest grades of 
 goods, and making 
 specialties of steel 
 and iron plates and 
 sheets, boiler tubes, 
 boiler, tank and stack 
 rivets, steam, gas and 
 water pijie, and cor- 
 rugated sheet iron. 
 The demands of bus- 
 iness, absorbing as 
 they are, do not, by 
 any means, take the 
 whole of Mr. Wales's 
 thought and atten- 
 tion, for he is de- 
 voted to his home 
 life and is an ardent 
 horticulturist and an 
 art connoisseur. He 
 takes pride in the 
 beautiful homestead 
 at Braintree, embra- 
 cing t w e n t y acres, 
 where he still resides, 
 and which he has brought up to a fine state of cultiva- 
 tion. He is also deeply interested in the subject of life 
 insurance, and carries a very heavy policy. In 1S70 
 Mr. \\'ales was married to Miss A. F. P. Howard, who 
 died in 1886. He has five children, the eldest of whom 
 is in business with his father. The second son is a stu- 
 dent at Harvard. Mr. Wales is a member of the Mas- 
 sachusetts Horticultural Society and of the Art Club of 
 Boston. 
 
2 So 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 TO the proverbial nicety of taste exercised by the 
 wealthy citizens of Boston in matters combining 
 style and comfort, is due the high standing enjoyed by 
 the carriage-making industry among the trades of Massa- 
 chusetts. This industry has experienced great advance- 
 ment during the last score of years, and now the amount 
 of capital invested in it is counted by millions of dol- 
 lars. The admitted leader in this trade, and the man 
 whose brain has conceived many original ideas in the 
 construction of car- 
 riages to please the 
 most exacting lovers 
 of road driving, is Mr. 
 C h a u n c y Thomas, 
 whose factory and 
 warerooms occupy 
 two six-story build- 
 ings on Chestnut 
 Street, a t the west 
 end of Boston. He 
 holds patents on 
 twenty or more in- 
 ventions useful i n 
 his trade and has 
 evolved innumerable 
 conceits which have 
 been copied very ex- 
 tensively. As the 
 business of Mr. 
 Thomas sprang from 
 a small beginning 
 and arose to its pres- 
 ent importance by 
 virtue of his own 
 untiring efforts, the 
 history of his life 
 challenges the atten- 
 tion of admirers of 
 self-made men. He 
 was born in Maine in 
 
 1822, his parents, who are direct descendants of the Old 
 Colony Puritans, having moved from Hingham, Mass., 
 to the Pine Tree State in 1819. When he was sixteen 
 years of age he was apprenticed to the carriage-making 
 business in Bangor, Me., and subsequently came to 
 Boston, where he worked in the capacity of a journey- 
 man until 1852. While working as an employee, Mr. 
 Thomas displayed, in a remarkable degree, a gift for 
 drawing, and he seized every opportunity to develop 
 
 CHAUNCY THOMAS 
 
 that talent, thus acquiring an advantage which ever 
 since has served him well. In 1852 Mr. Thomas went 
 to West Newbury, Mass., where, in conjunction with 
 other young men, he established a carriage factory. The 
 principal event of his seven years' stay in that locality 
 was his marriage, Mrs. Thomas being the daughter of 
 the late Daniel Nichols of the town named. Leaving 
 West Newbury in 1859, Mr. Thomas, with his brother- 
 in-law, set up a factory in Roxbury and there constructed 
 
 carriages, ambu- 
 lances and army 
 wagons. In a short 
 time this partnership 
 was dissolved, and 
 Mr. Thomas came to 
 Boston, where he 
 transformed an old 
 boat-house, located 
 on the banks of the 
 Charles River, within 
 a few yards of the 
 site of his present 
 establishment, into a 
 carriage fact o r y . 
 During the thirty 
 years w h i c h have 
 since passed, Mr. 
 Thomas, by giving 
 constant personal 
 supervision to his 
 business, by his abil- 
 ity to design in a 
 way to please, and 
 by his readiness to 
 conceive original 
 ideas to meet the 
 resthetic as w'ell as 
 the practical tastes 
 of the people of the 
 Back Bay, has built 
 up a business which is an honor to the State. Although 
 devoted to business, Mr. Thomas has time to indulge 
 his literary tastes. He not only reads extensively but 
 also writes interestingly. Mr. Thomas is the author of 
 " The Crystal Button " (published by Houghton, Mifflin 
 & Co., Boston), a most ingenious and fascinating work 
 of the imagination, portraying the possibilities of an 
 ideal civilization when the problems of natural and 
 social science shall have been fully solved. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 381 
 
 INVENTIVE talent, business sagacity and indomitable 
 energy have placed Alonzo G. Van Nostrand, while 
 still a young man, in the front rank of New England's 
 men of affairs. He was born in Brooklyn, N. \ ., July 
 3, 1854, the son of Hon. William T. and Mehetabel 
 (Bradlee) Van Nostrand. His maternal grandfather 
 was Thomas Bradlee, of Boston. Mr. Van Nostrand's 
 parents moved to Boston when he was four years old, 
 and he first went to the Hawes and then to the Lincoln 
 grammar schools in 
 South Boston, gradu- 
 ating from the Eng- 
 lish High School in 
 1872. He then 
 went immediately to 
 work in his father's 
 brewery in Charles- 
 town, devoting him- 
 self night and day 
 to the business, and 
 becoming so identi- 
 fied with it that in 
 1878, at the age of 
 twenty-four, he was 
 admitted to the firm 
 as partner. In 1879 
 Mr. A"an Nostrand 
 originated the " V. 
 B." trade-mark for 
 his ale, which has 
 since become so fa- 
 mous in New Eng- 
 land. In 1886 he 
 conceived the idea 
 of bottling an ale in 
 the English fashion 
 to compete «• i t h 
 Bass, and in that 
 year established the 
 bottling department. 
 
 This proved so successful that he built a model bottling 
 house of his own planning, and to-day has the largest 
 output of any American ale bottler, selling last year 
 over half a million bottles of P. B. ale. In November, 
 1 89 1, he built a lager beer brewery, and May i, 1892, 
 purchased his father's interest in the ale brewery, 
 becoming sole proprietor of what is now known as the 
 Bunker Hill Breweries. Mr. Van Nostrand is the 
 youngest man operating a brewery in Massachusetts, 
 
 ALONZO G. VAN NOSTRAND. 
 
 and his establishment is also the oldest in the State, 
 ha\ing been founded in 1821. The P. B. ale has a rep- 
 utation second to none in the Commonwealth, and is 
 the only malt liquor used in the Massachusetts General 
 and the Boston City hospitals and other institutions for 
 the sick and convalescent. The Bunker Hill breweries 
 cover about three acres of land, with a frontage of four 
 hundred feet on Alford Street, Charlestown. Before 
 the spot is reached their location is made known by a 
 
 tall tower on one of 
 the buildings of the 
 group used for brew- 
 ing purposes. This 
 tower and belfry 
 were removed from 
 the old Boy Is ton 
 Market, an ancient 
 Boston landmark of 
 considerable histori- 
 cal interest, built in 
 1809 and demolished 
 in 1887. It was re- 
 built exactly as it 
 stood on the old 
 market, and is cher- 
 ished highly by Mr. 
 Van Nostrand, who 
 does not forget the 
 time when he with 
 thousands of Boston 
 high school boys 
 were obliged to drill 
 in the old Boylston 
 Market Hall. Mr. 
 Van Nostrand is a 
 member of* various 
 social and business 
 organizations, among 
 which are the Boston 
 Chamber of Com- 
 merce, the Boston Art Club, the Eastern Art Club and 
 the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. He is 
 also a prominent member of the Boston English High 
 School Association. He was married in 1885 to Miss 
 Sadie G. Foque, daughter of Theodore N. Foque, of 
 Maiden, Mass., and has one child, AMlliam Theodore 
 ^'an Nostrand. His residence is at No. 288 Newbury 
 Street, Boston. He is one of the progressive business 
 men of the Commonwealth. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS Of TO-DAY. 
 
 IT is a rare combination of talents which enal)les a 
 man to succeed in war, letters and business affairs, 
 and these talents have met in the versatile author of 
 " Patroclus and Penelope." Theodore Ayrault Dodge 
 belongs to an old New England family, his maternal 
 great-grandfather being General Selh Pomeroy, of Bun- 
 ker Hill fame. Colonel Dodge was born in Pittsfield, 
 Mass., May 28, 1842, and was educated abroad. After 
 studying military science four years at Berlin, Germany, 
 under Major-General 
 Von Frohreich of the 
 Prussian army, and 
 taking a course of 
 lectures at Heidel- 
 berg, he graduated at 
 the University of 
 London in 1 86 1. He 
 then returned to 
 .'America and enlisted 
 as a private in the 
 Union Army, serving 
 for two years in the 
 .\rmy of the Potomac 
 under Generals Kear- 
 ney and Howard. 
 His field service ter- 
 minated at Gettys- 
 burg, where he lost 
 his right leg. Col- 
 onel Dodge received 
 four brevets for gal- 
 lantry, — two in the 
 volunteer and two in 
 the regular service. 
 He became first lieu- 
 tenant Feb. 13, 1862 ; 
 captain in the Vet- 
 eran Reserve Corps, 
 Nov. 12, 1863 ; brev- 
 etted major, Aug. 17, 
 
 1864, and colonel, Dec. 2, 1865. He was made captain 
 of the Forty-fourth Regular Infantry, July 28, 1866, and 
 served as chief of the bureau of enrolment in the War 
 Department until April 28, 1870, when, under the act 
 of Congress by which all w-ounded soldiers were taken 
 from active service, he was placed on the retired list of 
 the army, where he still holds his commission. He has 
 been connected with various business enterprises in Bos- 
 ton which, under his management, have been made suc- 
 
 THEODORE A. DODGE. 
 
 cessful. He is now president of the ISoston Wo\en 
 Hose and Rubber Company. Colonel Dodge's tastes, 
 however, like those of his father and of his son, are 
 literary. For some years he has been engaged on a 
 history of the art of war, entitled, " Great Captains — 
 Six Lectures," of which three volumes, bringing the 
 subject down to the fall of the Roman Empire, have 
 been published. Colonel Dodge is an enthusiastic horse- 
 man, having been in the saddle forty years, and ridden, 
 
 as he estimates, over 
 a hundred thousand 
 miles. His " Patro- 
 clus and Penelope ; 
 a Chat in the Sad- 
 dle," is a recognized 
 authority on horse- 
 manship both in Eu- 
 rope and America. 
 Colonel Dodge has 
 also published " A 
 Bird's-Eye ^'iew of 
 our Civil War " and 
 " The Campaign of 
 Chancellorsville." In 
 addition to these 
 works, which are 
 sufficient to establish 
 his reputation as an 
 historian and military 
 critic. Colonel Dodge 
 has contributed much 
 to periodical litera- 
 ture, and has deliv- 
 ered a number of 
 lectures on military 
 sulijects at Harvard 
 College, before the 
 Lowell Institute, and 
 elsewhere. He has 
 been an officer of the 
 Military Order of the Loyal Legion, is a member of the 
 St. Botolph and Country clubs, and in 1887 was presi- 
 dent of the Papyrus Club. In 1865 Colonel. Dodge 
 married Miss Jane Neil, a grandniece of Chief Justice 
 John Marshall, of Ohio. She died in 1891, leaving him 
 three children, one of whom was editor of the "Harvard 
 Monthly " while at college. Colonel Dodge's home is 
 in Brookline. He is now ( 1S92) making a tour of the 
 world. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 283 
 
 WILLIAM FRANKLIN DRAPER, manufacturer, 
 veteran and congressman, was born in Lowell, 
 Middlesex County, on April 9, 1842, the son of George 
 and Hannah K. (Thwing) Draper. His early education 
 was gained in the public schools of his native city, sup- 
 plemented with a year or two of academic training. 
 When sixteen years of age he went to work in a cotton 
 mill, and made a study of the processes of manufactur- 
 ing cotton goods. The war came, and though only 
 nineteen years of 
 age Mr. Draper en- 
 listed in Company B, 
 Twenty-fifth Massa- 
 chusetts Volunteers, 
 a company recruited 
 in Milford. He was 
 l)romoted through 
 the various grades to 
 that of first lieuten- 
 ant, and when the 
 Thirty-sixth Regi- 
 ment was formed in 
 Worcester he was 
 made captain of 
 Company Y. Faith- 
 ful and gallant ser- 
 vice soon made him 
 major, then lieuten- 
 ant-colonel, and 
 while h o 1 d i n g tlie 
 latter rank he was in 
 command of a brig- 
 ade in the Army of 
 the Potomac. He 
 was wounded in the 
 battle of the Wilder- 
 ness, May 6 , b >i t 
 after partial recovery 
 he returned to the 
 front and com- 
 manded his brigade at Weldon Railroad. He was 
 bre\et lirigadier-general when mustered out, Oct. 12. 
 Returning from the war. General Draper engaged in 
 the manufacture of cotton machinery, and since his 
 father's death, in 1887, he has been the head of the firm 
 
 WILLIAM F. DRAPER 
 
 and is now an officer of a large number of corporations, 
 covering the manufacture of machinery, cotton cloth, 
 shoes, electrical goods, also railroads, gas and water 
 companies, insurance, etc. He possesses strong inven- 
 tive talent, and has personally patented nearly fifty 
 different inventions, some of them of great importance. 
 They were principally on looms and spinning frames, 
 though there is hardly a machine in use in the cotton 
 industry that has not been improved by inventions made 
 
 or introduced by him 
 or his firm. The 
 
 production of cotton 
 
 spinning machines 
 has been doubled 
 by the Draper im- 
 |)rovements, and the 
 cost of the process 
 divide d b v t w o. 
 More power has been 
 saved by them than 
 is furnished by the 
 Merrimac River to 
 the great manufac- 
 turing cities of 
 Lowell, Lawrence 
 and Manchester. 
 General Draper is 
 admittedly the first 
 expert in this coun- 
 try on spimiiug ma- 
 chinery, and has 
 written several stan- 
 dard articles on this 
 and other mechani- 
 cal subjects. T h e 
 protective tariff has 
 been with him a 
 special field for re- 
 search, and he has 
 personally inves- 
 tigated, at great length, economic conditions, both in 
 Europe and this country. His pamphlet and magazine 
 articles on the tariff have been widely read and dis- 
 cussed. He has twice been president of the Home 
 Market Club, founded by his father. He is also a mem- 
 
 of George Draper & Sons, widely known as the leading ber and officer of the Arkwright Club. In 1892 he 
 
 introducers of improvements in cotton machinery in ran against George Fred Williams for Congress from the 
 
 this country. Besides this, he has been directly con- ele\enth district. General Draper was elected by an 
 
 nected with many other large manufacturing concerns, oxerwhelming majority. 
 
284 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OP TO-DAY. 
 
 ALFRED WINSOR. 
 
 IN the \ast shipping interests of Boston the tow boat 
 service has come to be one of the most important 
 departments. It is a business that has grown with the 
 commerce of the city, and is now largely in the hands 
 of the Boston Tow Boat Company, which was first 
 organized in 1855, and began business with one tug, 
 the " William Sprague." From this humble beginning 
 the present company, owning a fleet of steamers, barges, 
 tugs, lighters, grain elevators and perfected apparatus 
 for wrecking has developed. Some of the most notable 
 wrecking and towing feats on record have been accom- 
 plished by the force of the Boston Tow Boat Company 
 — feats that a quarter of a century ago would have been 
 considered quite impossible. The saving of the Belgian 
 steamer " De Ruyter," wrecked on Scituate beach in 
 1890; the raising of the barge "Atlas," wrecked off 
 Hyannis in the same year; the raising of the "H. M. 
 Whitney," sunk by the "Ottoman" in Boston harbor in 
 1892 ; the tov^ing of the steamer " Akaba " from Turk's 
 Island nearly to New York, and of the steamer " Federa- 
 tion," from Bermuda to Philadelphia in 1892 ; the bring- 
 ing of the Joggins raft to New York — these and other 
 splendid achievements have attracted widespread atten- 
 tion among marine underwriters and in the shipping 
 world generally. The Boston Tow Boat Company has 
 been the first to demonstrate that ocean towing is prac- 
 ticable. The company was incorporated in 1873, and 
 in 1875 went into the transportation business, building 
 two large steamers, the " Saturn " and the " Orion," for 
 carrying coal and towing barges. They are the only 
 
 two American-built "tramp" steamers afloat, and the 
 latter is said to be the strongest iron steamer ever built 
 in the United States. Besides these steamers, the 
 Boston Tow Boat Company owns twenty barges, twenty 
 tugs, twenty-five lighters, three wrecking lighters, a 
 water-boat, floating derrick and floating coal hoisters. 
 Its wrecking gear, with pontoons, coffer-dams, pumps 
 and hydraulic lifts, is the most elaborate on the Atlantic 
 coast. The company maintains a wrecking plant at 
 Vineyard Haven. Mr. Alfred Winsor is president of 
 this company, and likewise of the Boston & Philadel- 
 phia Steamship Company, the oldest coastwise line from 
 the port of Boston. It originated in 1852, with two 
 small steamers that sailed from T Wharf. In 1872 the 
 company purchased the Keystone line, running between 
 Providence and Philadelphia, and has since operated it. 
 The following year the consolidated lines were incorpo- 
 rated with a capital stock of $713,000, and with Mr. 
 Henry Winsor, of Philadelphia, as president. He died 
 in 1889, and upon the reorganization of the company 
 in 1 89 1, his nephew, Mr. Alfred Winsor, was chosen 
 president. In its experience of over forty years, the 
 company has lost but one steamer, — the "Palmetto," 
 which was sunk off Block Island in 1858, — and has 
 made an exceptional record for regularity. It now runs 
 three steamers on the Boston and three on the Pro\i- 
 dence line. Mr. Winsor is also president of the North 
 Atlantic Steamshi]) Company, which was incorporated 
 in 1892, with a fleet of three steamers plying between 
 Boston, Halifax, Port Hawkesbury and Charlottetown. 
 
BOSTON. 
 
 zSs 
 
 JOSHUA MONTGOMERY SEARS. 
 
 RANKING third in wealth among the capitaHsts of 
 New England, and being the second largest 
 individual real estate owner in Boston, Joshua Mont- 
 gomery Sears has added to the many millions which he 
 inherited from his father. He is the son of Joshua 
 Sears, and was born in Yarmouth, Mass., on Christmas 
 Day, 1854. His father, who came of an old Cape Cod 
 family, started in business without capital, and within a 
 few years became one of the wealthiest of Boston's East 
 India merchants. His residence was the handsome 
 house on Beacon Street now occupied by the Somerset 
 Club. Marrying late in life, he died while his only son, 
 J. Montgomery, was quite young. Alpheus Hardy was 
 one of the guardians of the boy, who received his early 
 education at a private school in Andover, Mass., from 
 which he was sent to C.ermany, where he continued his 
 studies. Returning to .\merica in 1873, at the age of 
 nineteen, he entered Yale College and was graduated 
 in the class of 1877. On Sept. 18 of the same 
 year he was married to Sarah Carlyle, daughter of 
 Charles E. Choate, of Cambridge, who is now the 
 president of the Old Colony Railroad. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Sears have since resided in Boston. Though the care 
 of his large estate requires much of his attention, he 
 nevertheless finds time for much practical philanthropy. 
 Among his public charitable works is the West End 
 Workingmen's Club, which he established on the lines 
 laid down by Robert Treat Paine in the Wells Memo- 
 rial Workingmen's Institute. In connection with Rev. 
 
 Phillips Brooks, .Mpheus Hardy and others, Mr. Sears 
 organized the Poplar Street Club, the purpose of which 
 is to counteract the influence of the saloon among the 
 poorer classes. Mr. Sears also presented to the Episco- 
 pal parish at Marlboro, Mass., a fine new edifice. He 
 is the heaviest individual taxpayer in Boston, his finest 
 piece of real estate being the Sears Building, at the corner 
 of Court and Washington streets, which is considered 
 to be the most remunerative property in the city, as it is 
 one of the handsomest office buildings. Mr. Sears's 
 Boston residence is on Arlington Street. He owns a mag- 
 nificent farm at Southboro, Mass., and his stables there 
 are filled with blooded stock. He is one of the summer 
 residents of Bar Harbor, and though he is the wealthiest 
 man there, his cottage is one of the most unpreten- 
 tious. Both Mr. and Mrs. Sears are ardent amateur 
 musicians, and the musicales at their home during the 
 winter season have become celebrated. Mr. Sears is 
 also a prominent patron of art, his collection being one 
 of the best in New England. Many of the best 
 examples of the modern F'rench and Flemish schools 
 adorn his collection, which has been selected with 
 rare taste. He is a member of the Somerset, Union, 
 Country and St. Botolph clubs, and of the Eastern Yacht 
 Club, his steam yacht "Novya" being one of the fine 
 pleasure craft on the Atlantic waters. Mr. Scars is 
 called "the Boston Astor," and like the Croesus of the 
 metropolis, he is extremely modest, unassuming and 
 quiet in his tastes. 
 
286 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 J. MALCOLM FORBES. 
 
 THE yacht "Puritan," defender of the America's 
 cup, and Nancy Hanks, (jueen of the turf, are 
 both owned by J. Malcohn Forbes, whose wealth and 
 talents ha\e contributed so much toward the develop- 
 ment of American yachting, and whose name has also 
 become familiar on every race-course in the country. 
 He is the son of John Murray and Sarah (Hathaway) 
 Forbes, and was born in Milton, Mass., in 1845. His 
 ancestors were Scotch, belonging to a family that from 
 the days of Wallace and Bruce included many famous 
 fighters among its numbers. One of Mr. Forbes's 
 paternal ancestors was Dorothy Collingwood, aunt of 
 Admiral Lord Collingwood, who was second in com- 
 mand with Nelson at the battle of Trafalgar and took 
 the latter's place when he died. John Forbes, the great- 
 great-grandfather of J. Malcolm Forbes, was the first of 
 the family, though not the first of the name, who came 
 to America. John Murray Forbes and his brother. 
 Captain R. B. Forbes, have been very prominent in 
 American commercial and maritime affairs, the latter 
 being the first to build and sail the American schooner- 
 rigged vessel. J. Malcolm Forbes was educated in 
 private schools and at the English High School in Bos- 
 ton, from which he graduated in 1S63, at the age of 
 eighteen. He soon after went into business in Boston 
 with his father, who had built up a large China and East 
 Indian trade. Mr. Forbes early took an active interest 
 in the higher class of athletic sports, and especially in 
 
 yachting. He made a number of \oyages, including 
 one to Fayal on the fisherman " Fredonia." Mr. 
 Forbes built the schooner yacht " Rambler," which won 
 the Cape May cup in 1879, and subsequently built the 
 sloop "White Cap," the Scotch cutter " Byadere " and 
 the " Lapwing." He was one of the syndicate which 
 built the famous " Puritan," and he now owns her. He 
 is commodore of the Eastern Yacht Club, of which the 
 "Puritan" is the flag-ship. Though retaining his lively 
 interest in yachting matters, Mr. Forbes has during the 
 last few years been devoting much attention to the 
 breeding of fast horses. He owns an extensive stock 
 farm at Canton, Mass., where some of the finest horses 
 in the world are to be found. Besides the peerless 
 Nancy Hanks, Martha Wilkes and the great Arion, there 
 are many other turf record-breakers owned by Mr. 
 Forbes. He is a director in many railway and manu- 
 facturing corjiorations and a partner in the mercan- 
 tile firm of J. 1\L Forbes & Co. He is a member of the 
 Country Club, the Boston Athletic Association and the 
 Mercantile Library Association. Mr. Forbes has been 
 twice married, the first time to Miss Jones, daughter of 
 Edward C. Jones, of New Bedford. She died, leaving 
 him four children. His second wife was Miss Rose 
 Davney, of California. The Forbes family residence is 
 at Milton, Mass., and in the summer on Naushon Island, 
 which belongs to the family and is situated between 
 Buzzard's Bay and Vineyard Sound. 
 
SALEM is a rare old municipality, — rare because oiAts individuality, history, and the many distinguished men 
 it has reared and sent out into the world. It was first settled in 1626 by Roger Conant and others, and 
 incorporated as a city in 1836, Leverett Saltonstall being the first mayor. Many of the buildings seen about the 
 city are after the colonial style of architecture, some of which were built more than a century ago, and present 
 an ancient but pleasing appearance. The place would be great in history were it to risk its laurels solely on the 
 record and achievements of the old-time merchants and ship-masters. In 1825 there were 190 vessels owned 
 in Salem, and it was her ships which were the first from this country to display the American flag and open trade 
 with Zanzibar, Sumatra, Calcutta, Bombay, Batavia, Arabia, Madagascar, St. Petersburg and Australia. 
 
 Salem has the high honor of having had as a resident the first governor of the colony. July 20, 1629, was 
 set apart by Governor Endicott "to be a solemn day of humiliation for ye choyce of a pastor and teacher at Salem." 
 Rev. Mr. Skelton and Thomas Higginson were chosen to the respective positions. The vote was taken by each 
 person in the colony writing in a note the name of his choice. This was the origin of the use of the ballot on this 
 continent. 
 
 In 1692 the Witchcraft delusion sjirang up in the colony. Much of the history which has been written 
 on this subject is misleading, in that Salem seems to be the only place designated or given prominence where the 
 delusion prevailed, when, as a matter of fact, it was widespread, extending over many countries of the Old World. 
 Nineteen persons condemned for witchcraft, among whom was Rev. George Burroughs, were publicly executed 
 in Salem. 
 
 The wars of the Revolution, i S 1 2 and the Rebellion found Salem men well to the front battling for the 
 supremacy of the old flag, many of whom iell in action. The first provincial congress assembled in Salem, Oct. 5, 
 1774, which passed, during its session, a vote renouncing the authority of the British Parliament. The first blood 
 shed in the war of the Revolution was at North Bridge, Salem, Feb. 26, 1775, where Colonel Timothy Pickering 
 and his brave compeers successfully disputed the march across the bridge of Colonel Leslie and his regiment of 
 British redcoats. 
 
 In 18 1 2 Salem furnished for the war nearly as many privateers as the rest of the country. In the latter 
 ])art of the last century and the beginning of the present, the town outri\alled Boston in maritime importance, 
 having almost the entire monopoly of the East India trade. 
 
 Salem is widely known (or its inventions. 'Ihe first electric light in a dwelling-house in this country was 
 used by Professor Moses G. Farmer, at his home on Pearl Street, in July, 1859, while the first practical test ever 
 made of a telephone was by Professor A. G. Bell, who sent a dispatch from Lyceum Hall to the Boston Globe, 
 Feb. 12, 1877. 
 
 Salem is the birthplace of many noted men, including Timothy Pickering,-tb*^ famous statesmtm ; Rev. 
 Samuel Johnson, the noted liberal preacher; William H. Prescott, historian; Nathaniel Hawthorne; John 
 Pickering, the scholar and Greek lexicographer ; John Rogers, whose character groups are everywhere familiar ; 
 Benjamin Pierce, the mathematician, and Nathaniel Bowditch, the world-renowned navigator. 
 
 There are radiating from the city proper several lines of electric railways ; also several lines of steam 
 railways. The Willows and Juniper Point, about two miles from this city, are well-known summer resorts. Among 
 the educational institutions are the public library, Salem Athenaeum, the Essex Institute for the promotion of 
 history, science and art, Essex County Natural History Society, the Peabody Academy of Science, and the Marine 
 Society, composed of ship-masters. The charitable institutions are the .Associated Charities, Old Men's and Old 
 Ladies' homes. Woman's Friend .Society, Plummer Farm .School, Seamen's Ori)han and Children's Friend Society, 
 Orphan Asylum, The Fraternity and Young Men's Christian Association. 
 
 There are many points of historical interest within the city, among which are the First Church, built 
 in 1629 ; Roger \\'illiams's house, erected in 1635 ; the witchcraft sites ; the house in which Hawthorne was born ; 
 Timothy Pickering mansion, built in 1649, and other places which have been designated by bronze tablets. 
 
288 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ROBERT S. RANTOUL has been elected mayor 
 of Salem, by an increasing vote, four years in 
 succession. He is the son of Hon. Robert Rantoul, Jr., 
 and Jane (Woodbury) Rantoul, and was born at Beverly, 
 June 2, 1832. The name is Scotch, and has been traced 
 back, in Kinross, to 1355. His early education was 
 received at the Beverly Academy and at the Boston 
 Latin School, where he prepared for college. He was 
 graduated from Harvard in 1853, and, having pursued 
 his legal studies in 
 the Dane Law School 
 and in the office of 
 Hon. Charles G. 
 Loring, began the 
 practice of law in 
 Salem in 1856. He 
 soon interested him- 
 self in local and 
 national politics, and 
 was, in 1856, secre- 
 tary of the first Fre- 
 mont Club in Essex 
 County : represented 
 Beverly in the lower 
 branch of the Legis- 
 lature in 1858, where 
 he formed an ac- 
 quaintance with Gov- 
 ernor Andrew which 
 ripened into a life- 
 long friendship ; took 
 an active part in the 
 Lincoln campaign of 
 i860, and was the 
 working officer of the 
 Salem Union League 
 until Lee's surrender, 
 conducting a mem- 
 orable series of 
 meetings at Me- 
 chanic Hall in support of the war. He was appointed 
 by President Lincoln, in 1865, collector for the port of 
 Salem and Beverly, and served until 1869, when Clen- 
 eral Butler, whose election to Congress Mr. Rantoul had 
 pubhcly opposed, defeated his reappointment, though 
 it was asked for by every merchant doing business at 
 the port. Mr. Rantoul was, until 1888, allied with the 
 Republican party, and was active in both city and State 
 committees. Of late years, however, the position of the 
 
 ROBERT S RANTOUL 
 
 Democracy on the tariff and other questions more 
 nearly according with his views, he has identifietl him- 
 self with that political party. He w-as a member of the 
 Legislature for Salem in 1884 and 1885, and was first 
 chosen mayor in 1889, being annually re-elected since 
 that year. His administration of this office has been 
 conservative and businesslike. In 1863-68 he was 
 largely instrumental in bringing the water of Wenham 
 Lake into Salem, was arbitrator between the Common- 
 wealth and the Mas- 
 sachusetts Historical 
 Society in the matter 
 of the Hutchinson 
 papers in 1873, 
 was orator at the 
 centennial celebra- 
 tion of American in- 
 X. dependence at Stutt- 
 
 gart, Germany, in 
 1876, spoke for the 
 United States at the 
 dinner given to Gen- 
 eral Grant in Paris 
 in 1878, and was ora- 
 tor at the commem- 
 oration of the two 
 hundred and fiftieth 
 anniversary of Win- 
 throp's landing at 
 Salem in 1880. For 
 a period of six or 
 eight years he was 
 engaged in antiqua- 
 rian pursuits and in 
 editorial work on the 
 Boston E V (' n i n g 
 Transcript. His 
 many published writ- 
 ings include " The 
 Cod in Massachu- 
 setts History" (1865), "Notes on Old Modes of 
 Travel" (1872), "The Essex Junto" (1882), "The 
 Name and Family of Rentoul — Rintoul — Rantoul " 
 (1885), "The Ancient Family of Woodbury" (1887), 
 "The Spirit of the Early Lyceums" (1888), "Port of 
 Salem," "The Long Embargo," and "The Great Tops- 
 field Caucus of 1808." Mr. Rantoul was married at 
 Salem, May 13, 1858, to Harriet C, daughter of David 
 A. and Harriet (Price) Neal. 
 
SALEM. 
 
 289 
 
 WILLIAM CROWNINSHIELD F:NDIC0TT 
 was born in Salem, Mass., Nov. 19, 1826. He 
 is a lineal descendant of John Endicott, the first gover- 
 nor of Massachusetts Colony. In his veins also min- 
 gles the blood of the Putnams and Crowninshields, the 
 latter being his maternal name. Crown-in-shield was 
 a German nobleman, who came to this country in 
 the early days of the colony and settled in Salem. 
 John Endicott was the head of the first popular local 
 government e s t a b - 
 lished in America. 
 He was among the 
 six original patentees 
 of the grant made 
 by the great council 
 at Plymouth. Gov- 
 ernor Endicott was 
 an impetuous man, 
 but clear-headed and 
 liberal. He dealt 
 judiciously with the 
 Indians, and in a 
 friendly spirit. 'I'he 
 famous sword with 
 which Governor 
 Endicott cut the 
 cross from the King's 
 colors, has, together 
 with the original por- 
 trait and other relics 
 of the governor, 
 been handed down 
 through tlie line of 
 the oldest sons, and 
 is now in the posses- 
 sion of the subject 
 of this sketch. He 
 was always promi- 
 nent in public affairs, 
 and if at times seem- 
 ingly intolerant, this manifestation, as history has 
 shown, was confirmatory of his devotedness to the new 
 government. With such an ancestry it is not to be 
 wondered at that William C. Endicott has made his 
 influence felt in the world. Salem, the place of his 
 residence, is dear to him, with its many pleasing and 
 historical associations, connected with his early ances- 
 try. The house in which he lives is situated on p:ssex 
 Street. It is a large, two-story structure with hip roof 
 
 WILLIAM C. ENDICOTT 
 
 and dormer windows, the interior of which is divided 
 into spacious wainscotted rooms, which are adorned with 
 antique carvings. Large open fire-places are conspic- 
 uous, suggestive of the early times. In this house he 
 passes the pleasant days of his retirement. Not an old 
 man either in years or appearance, yet he is not court- 
 ing political honors, as both the county and State have 
 richly remembered him in this direction. Mr. Endicott 
 was married, Dec. 13, 1S59, to Ellen, daughter of the 
 
 late Colonel George 
 Peabody, a wealthy 
 and talented gentle- 
 man of the old 
 school. He received 
 his preparatory edu- 
 cation for Harvard 
 College in the Salem 
 Latin School, and 
 graduated from the 
 LTni versify in 1847. 
 He was admitted to 
 the bar in 1850, and 
 immediately entered 
 upon the practice of 
 his profession in 
 Salem. His abilities 
 as a lawyer were 
 soon recognized, 
 and these, combined 
 with a grace of de- 
 portment and dignity 
 of character, won for 
 liim from Governor 
 Washburn the a p- 
 pointment of justice 
 of the Supreme Ju- 
 cial Court, in which 
 capacity he served 
 from 1873 to 1882. 
 He was elected pres- 
 ident of the Peabody Academy of Science in 1863, and 
 was president of the Salem National Bank from 1857 to 
 1873. In 1884 he was the Democratic candidate for 
 governor of Massachusetts, and in 1885 he entered 
 President Cleveland's cabinet as secretary of war, in 
 which office he continued the full term. He has two 
 children, a son and daughter, the latter the wife of Hon. 
 Joseph Chamberlain, of England. Mr. Endicott was 
 one of the most scholarly judges the State has known. 
 
290 
 
 MASSJC/IUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 SAMUEL ENDICXnT PEABODV,. president of the 
 American Loan and Trust Company, was born in 
 Salem, Mass., on April 19, 1S25, the second son of 
 Colonel Francis and Martha (Endicott) Peabody. 
 Martha P'.ndicott was a direct descendant of John Endi- 
 cott, the first go\ernor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, 
 who settled in 1628 in Naumkeag, which was afterward 
 known as Salem. Colonel Francis Peabody was a 
 famous Salem merchant and a very large ship owner. 
 Mr. Peabody's early 
 education was gained 
 
 in Salem and he en- 
 
 tered Harvard, but 
 remained only one 
 year. Preferring a life 
 and career of more 
 activity than his col- 
 lege course seemed 
 to promise, he went 
 to sea in one of his 
 father's vessels. 
 Soon after his return 
 from that voyage Mr. 
 Peabody engaged in 
 business in Boston, 
 on India Wharf, with 
 Franklin Curtis, un- 
 der the firm name of 
 Curtis & Peabody. 
 The firm was in the 
 India and China 
 t r a il e a n tl o w n e d 
 many shijis, and con- 
 tinued in business 
 many years. Mr. 
 Peabody's home was 
 all these years in 
 Salem. In 1875, 
 with his wife and five 
 children, Mr. Pea- 
 body removed to London, England, and became a 
 partner in the house of I. S. Morgan & Co., American 
 bankers. This house had formerly been known as that 
 of George Peabody & Co. He remained there in busi- 
 ness eight years, and then again removed to America. 
 He purchased the old family residence, formerly owned 
 by his father, known as " Kernwood," in Salem, and he 
 makes that his home now, being there seven or eight 
 months of each year, and in the winter months at 205 
 
 Commonwealth A\enue, in Boston. It was Mr. Peabody's 
 intention lo retire from business when he returned to 
 America, but his mental and bodily activity soon again 
 led him into the old accustomed paths, and he was 
 induced to accej)! the position of director in \arious 
 moneyed and industrial enterprises, among them the 
 American Loan and 'I'rust Company, now located in the 
 new Exchange Building, 53 State Street, Boston. L'pon 
 the death of the late Ezra H. Baker, Mr. Peabody was 
 
 made ]3 r e s i d e n t , 
 which position he 
 still fills. The Ameri- 
 can Loan and Trust 
 Company is one of 
 the most widely 
 known and soundly 
 conducted institu- 
 tions of its kind in 
 the comitry. Mr. 
 Peabody has in late 
 years been interested 
 in electrical manufac- 
 turing enter|irises, 
 a n d w as, until the 
 formation of the Gen- 
 eral Electric Com- 
 pany, a director in 
 the Thomson-Hous- 
 ton Company. He 
 is also a director in 
 various other institu- 
 tions. He was for 
 many years president 
 of the Salem National 
 Bank, and is at pres- 
 ent largely interested 
 in real estate in that 
 ancient city, and he 
 has always taken an 
 active interest in her 
 progress. Mr. Peabody's life has been one of constant 
 and busy occupation, though he has never held public 
 office. At Salem, in 1848, Mr. Peabody married Mari- 
 anne Cabot Lee, daughter of the late John C. Lee, a 
 former partner in the house of Lee, Higginson & Co. 
 Their children are : John Endicott, Colonel Francis, 
 Rev. Endicott (who has established a school for boys 
 at Groton, Mass.), Martha Endicott, wife of John Law- 
 rence, and (ieorge Lee Peabody. 
 
 SAMUEL ENDICOTT PEABODY. 
 
SALEM. 
 
 291 
 
 J 
 
 I, 
 
 OSEPH BARLOW FELT OSGOOD, the second son 
 of William and Elizabeth Curtis (Felt) Osgood, 
 was born in Salem, Mass., July i, 1823. He was given 
 the full name of his uncle, Joseph B. Felt, D. D., the 
 noted antiquarian and annalist of Salem, whom Mr. 
 Osgood has justly memorized by presentation of the 
 doctor's portrait, and a good portion of his rare library, 
 with additional liberal gifts of the donor's own books 
 and money, to the Salem Public Library. Mr. Osgood 
 was educated at the 
 fc^nglish High and 
 Latin Grammar 
 schools of Salem : in 
 1842 he matriculated 
 at Harvard, graduat- 
 ing in 1846. He 
 was admitted to the 
 -Massachusetts bar 
 July 25, 1849, and 
 immediately opened 
 a law office in Salem, 
 where he has prac- 
 tised until the pres- 
 ent time, .^vailing 
 himself of proffered 
 positions, he laid the 
 foundation of a suc- 
 cessful business while 
 serving as a member 
 of the Salem Com- 
 mon Council from 
 1849 to 1853, inclu- 
 sive, and during the 
 same period served 
 as representative in 
 the General Court 
 session of 1850, in 
 the famous Coalition 
 Legislature of 1851, 
 and in the Legisla- 
 ture of 1852, with his classmate, Senator George F. 
 Hoar. He was also a senator in the Massachusetts 
 Legislature in 1859 and i860. Mr. Osgood regarded 
 all these positions as aids to success in his legal profes- 
 sion, and gradually smothered all future ambition of 
 political preferment under the self-persuasion that even 
 in the quiet city of his birth professional work would 
 yield him a comfortable support of a happy and unob- 
 trusive life. In December, 1864, while absent from 
 
 JOSEPH B. F. OSGOOD. 
 
 home, Mr. Osgood was nominated and elected by the 
 Republican party as mayor of the city for the closing 
 year of a great public trial and anxiety, but he brought 
 to the unsolicited position the same admirable good 
 sense, unselfishness and independent spirit which he 
 had elsewhere displayed, and by his administration — 
 a model one in temper and tone and practical results — 
 gave to the city true, faithful and honorable service. 
 He is now the oldest surviving mayor of the city. In 
 
 July, 1874, Governor 
 Talbot appointed Mr. 
 Osgood justice of the 
 first district court of 
 Essex County, when 
 first established. He 
 had not essayed to 
 be a pleader in 
 courts, but as a veri- 
 table counsellor-at- 
 law had reaped such 
 _.^' emoluments from a 
 
 large probate, trust 
 and confidential 
 |jractice as justified 
 him in accepting the 
 new honor extended. 
 His superior legal 
 training and strong 
 mental and moral 
 traits for fourteen 
 years placed the 
 court distinctly upon 
 the side of law and 
 order, of temperance 
 and social purity, 
 thereby secufing for 
 himself the lasting 
 respect and confi- 
 dence of the com- 
 munity. He resigned 
 this commission in January, 1888, and returned to the 
 less disheartening business of his office, to there quietly 
 illustrate that a distinct aim of early life, persevered in 
 with self-reliance, made steadfast with honorable motives, 
 must lead to a true and well-merited success in life. 
 His long and honorable record of public service, extend- 
 ing over nearly forty years, has won for him an enviable 
 name. Mr. Osgood was married, Nov. 23, 1S53, tq 
 Mary Jane Creamer, who died Sept. 16, 1865. 
 
292 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 CAPTAIN JOSEPH MONROE PARSONS is one 
 of the most active and useful men in his day 
 and generation, and has been successful in business as 
 well as in military affairs. Evidences of his skill and 
 workmanship are seen on every hand about the city of 
 Salem, and in several other places. He is one of Sa- 
 lem's reliable and best-known contractors and builders. 
 Captain Parsons was born in Portsmouth, N. H., April 
 2, 1840, and educated in the iniblic schools of that city. 
 He came to Salem 
 in 1857, and learned 
 the mason's trade. 
 When the War of the 
 Rebellion broke out, 
 the spirit of patriot- 
 ism was roused 
 within young Par- 
 sons, and laying aside 
 his trowel he entered 
 the service of his 
 imperilled country. 
 He enlisted in the 
 Salem M e c h a n i c 
 Light I n f a n t r y, a 
 com]iany of the Fifth 
 Regiment, and was 
 at once made cor- 
 poral, leaving Salem 
 for the seat of war 
 April 17, 1861, and 
 participated in the 
 first battle of Bull 
 Run, July 21, 1861. 
 At the end of this, 
 his first campaign, 
 his military ardor 
 was not in the least 
 abated, but on his 
 return home, at the 
 expiration of his 
 
 three months' service, he immediately re-enlisted in the 
 First Unattached Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, and 
 was commissioned as second lieutenant, July, 1862, and 
 promoted to first lieutenant, November, 1863. He was 
 assigned to duty in Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, and 
 was appointed provost marshal of the fort in 1863, dur- 
 ing a part of the time when rebel prisoners were con- 
 fined there. Lietitenant Parsons was also detailed in 
 the service of transporting conscripts from Gallop's 
 
 JOSEPH M, PARSONS 
 
 Island, Boston Harbor, to Washington, D. C. In 1864 
 he was commissioned captain, and was assigned to duty 
 in the defences of Washington, being placed in com- 
 mand, at different times, of Forts Ricketts, Maryland ; 
 Scott, Virginia ; Slemmer, Lincoln and Reno, District of 
 Columbia. He was in command of Fort Slemmer 
 when President Lincoln was assassinated, and was 
 called upon to throw out a picket guard to prevent the 
 escape of the assassin. He remained on duty in this 
 
 fort until September, 
 1865, when he was 
 mustered out of the 
 service of the United 
 States. Captain 
 Parsons joined the 
 Masonic Fraternity 
 in 1862. He was a 
 charter member of 
 Starr King Lodge, 
 April 17, 1865, and 
 is now a member of 
 Washington Chapter, 
 and Winslow Lewis 
 Command e r y of 
 Knights Templar. 
 He became a mem- 
 ber of Phil. H. Sher- 
 i d a n Post 34, 
 G. A. R., of Salem, 
 in 1869, and was 
 elected commander 
 of the post in 1881, 
 and served his term, 
 to the great accept- 
 ance of his comrades. 
 In whatever posi- 
 tion Captain P a r - 
 sons has been placed 
 he has fully met the 
 most exacting re- 
 quirements in his line of duty, and has always ac(iuitted 
 himself nobly and well. On returning from the war Cap- 
 tain Parsons took up building and contracting as an 
 occupation, in which handicraft he was well skilled, 
 erecting a number of government buildings in Salem 
 and vicinity. In 1892 he built the handsome stone 
 church for the First Congregational Society in Lynn, 
 the St. Joseph school-house and the Gardner Building, 
 in Salem. 
 
SALEM. 
 
 293 
 
 CHARLES ODELL is one of the well-known busi- 
 ness men of Salem. He rose to prominence 
 through his own untiring industry, and a determination 
 to accomplish whatever purpose he undertook. This 
 latter trait has been a marked one in his career. As a 
 railroad director and manager he has shown rare capa- 
 city. With him success has been a duty. Mr. Odell 
 became connected with the Naumkeag Street Railway 
 Company as director in 1882, and in 1884 was elected 
 president of the cor- 
 poration when it was 
 considered by many 
 a losing venture, and 
 when energy and 
 hard work were im- 
 perative in order to 
 bring it up t o a 
 prosperous c o n d i - 
 tion. He succeeded. 
 Under his adminis- 
 tration the road was 
 extended from about 
 seven miles, to Mar- 
 blehead, W e n h a m, 
 Asbury Grove in 
 Hamilton, and Bev- 
 erly Cove ; its pres- 
 ent length being 
 thirty-eight miles, 
 and it is one of the 
 most prosperous and 
 paying roads in the 
 State. In 1886 he 
 became president of 
 the Newburyport & 
 AmesburyHorse 
 Railroad Company, 
 which line has been 
 extended and 
 equipped for electric 
 
 traction. He also is interested in other street railway 
 lines. It can in truth be said that he was the great mov- 
 ing spirit in the upbuilding and development of the 
 Naumkeag road. He took hold of it, as has been 
 stated, when the road was not a paying property, and 
 when many capitalists looked upon it with distrust. 
 All honor to him for his push and enterprise. For 
 beauty of scenery the line of this road is unsurpassed in 
 the State. For some distance it passes along the 
 
 CHARLES ODELL 
 
 shores of Wenham Lake, and has its terminus at beau- 
 tiful Asbury Grove. Mr. Odell is not a theorist, nor 
 have his talents and life-work been circumscribed by 
 the narrow and exacting conditions of speculation and 
 trade. The new and handsome brick block he erected 
 on Washington Street in 1891 attests to this fact, which 
 structure, it is hoped, will remain as a permanent adorn- 
 ment to the city. Mr. Odell is a firm believer in build- 
 ing up rather than in pulling down. He is eminently 
 
 practical in his way 
 and manner of doing 
 business. The cap- 
 italist, he thinks, 
 should, as a rule, in- 
 vest largely in per- 
 manent improve- 
 ments — in other 
 words, a little more 
 of the "salting" 
 process should be 
 adopted by men of 
 means ; that money 
 is not necessarily 
 " tied up " because 
 it is represented in 
 real estate and busi- 
 n e s s blocks where 
 trade is carried on. 
 ik Riches would not so 
 
 frequently take unto 
 themselves wings and 
 fl y away, if Mr. 
 O dell's suggestions 
 and plans were 
 adopted. Mr. Odell 
 was born in. Salem, 
 Mass., Oct. 26, 1838, 
 and is still young, 
 vigorous and healthy. 
 He was educated in 
 the Salem public schools, and after leaving school en- 
 gaged in the hardware business for several years. In 
 1878 he interested himself in the real estate and broker- 
 age business, in which he became very successful, and 
 through placing the bonds of the Naumkeag Street Rail- 
 way Company he really made his first great move in 
 railway matters. All the various enterprises in which he 
 has been interested have been carried through by his 
 energy and enthusiasm. 
 
294 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 DAXIKL BARNARD HA(;AR, principal of the 
 State Normal School at Salem, Mass., has been 
 tor many years one of the strong pillars in the temple 
 of our State and national education. He was born in 
 Newton Lower Falls, Mass., .^pril 22, 1820, the son of 
 Isaac and Eunice (Stedman) Hagar. When a boy he 
 spent several years in a paper mill in his nati\ e village, 
 and was later a clerk in a Boston dry goods store for 
 two years. His early education was obtained in the 
 village district school, 
 and in the private 
 academy of West 
 Newton. He pre 
 pared for college 
 chiefly under private 
 tutors, and entering 
 Union College, New 
 
 York, he graduated ■t"- 
 
 in the class of 1843, ^ 
 
 being a member of ' 
 
 the Phi Beta Kappa 
 and a commence- 
 ment orator. While 
 connected with the 
 college he taught for 
 some months in the 
 academy at Schuyler- 
 ville, N. Y., and at 
 Kingston, N. \. Mr. 
 Hagar received from 
 Union College the 
 degree of A. M. in 
 1846, and of Ph.D. 
 in 187 I. His peda- 
 gogical experience 
 has covered a period 
 of fifty years. He 
 was principal of the 
 Canajoharie (N. Y.) 
 Academy five years ; 
 
 of the Norwich (N. Y.) Academy in 1848-49 ; of the 
 Eliot High School, Jamaica Plain, Mass., from 1849 
 until 1865, and since the latter year has been principal 
 of the State Normal School at Salem. He has been 
 l^resident of the Massachusetts State Teachers' Associa- 
 tion, the American Institute of Instruction, the Ameri- 
 can Normal Association, the National Teachers' Asso- 
 ciation, and the National Council of Education. He 
 was editor of the "Massachusetts Teacher," 1852-56, 
 
 \ 
 
 DANIEL B. HAGAR 
 
 and 1865-70. He has given numerous educational 
 addresses, and is author of a popular series of mathe- 
 matical text-books which have an extended use in the 
 best class of schools. He has often been solicited to 
 leave normal school work by invitations to other fields, 
 but he has uniformly declined ; among these are the 
 position of State commissioner of schools in Rhode 
 Island, supervisor of schools in the city of Boston, and 
 superintendent of schools in four other cities of Massa- 
 chusetts. The Salem 
 Normal School, of 
 which Dr. Hagar has 
 been the honored 
 principal so long, 
 is one of the oldest, 
 best-known and 
 strongest institutions 
 of its kind in .•\mer- 
 ica. Twenty -eight 
 years at the head of 
 such a school as this 
 has given Dr. Hagar 
 the opportunity for 
 great usefulness, and 
 the impress of his 
 accurate analvtical 
 m i n d has been 
 stamped upon the 
 schools and the 
 school system of 
 Massachusetts a n d 
 the neighboring 
 States. Dr. Hagar 
 has been president 
 of the Y'oung Men's 
 Christian Association 
 of Salem ; vice-presi- 
 dent of the Essex 
 Institute of Salem, 
 and in 1884 he was 
 one of the presidential electors of Massachusetts. His 
 honorable and extended career of educational usefulness 
 has been of great value to the cause of public educa- 
 tion, with which nearly his whole life has been identi- 
 fied. Dr. Hagar was married, in 1845, to Mary Bradford 
 McKim, of Schenectady, N. Y. Of this union there 
 have been se\ en children. He is the author of " An 
 .\bstract of the Proceedings of the Massachusetts 
 Teachers' Association from 1845 to 1880." 
 
THE settlement of Cambridge in 1630, with the view of making it the seat of government of the Colonv, 
 after a thorough reconnoissance of Boston's surrounding wilds by Governor VVinthrop and Lieutenant- 
 Governor Dudley, marked an era in the life of the young community of Massachusetts Bay. Though the origina 
 purpose of making it the capital town was not carried out, the place, as Newetowne, early became important. 
 The governor set up the frame of a dwelling in 163 1, where he had first tented on one of his e.xplorations. Streets 
 were regularly laid out, four in number at the start, and several houses were built, a small square being left for a 
 market-place. In the fall of that year, however, for some unexplained reason, Winthrop removed his skeleton of 
 a house to Boston, and there covered it in. Dudley and his family remained, and the ne.xt year partially inclosed 
 the little village with a palisade to guard against Indian attacks. The settlement grew, and in 1632 was reinforced 
 by a company of about a hundred from Eraintree, England, organized by Rev. Thomas Hooker. In 1634 com- 
 plaints of " overcrowding" were made, and in 1636 the disaffected ones, led by Hooker, emigrated to Connecticut 
 with one hundred and sixty cattle. The same year, the Rev. Thomas Shepard arrived with a small company from 
 England, and finding so many vacant houses, determined to join their interests with the remnant. The influence 
 of Shepard was so great that in the same year the General Court agreed to give ;!{"400 toward a school or colle^'e, 
 and the next year located it in Newetowne, subsequently naming it Harvard, and changing the town name to Cam- 
 bridge. Rev. John Hanard of Charlestown was a graduate of Cambridge, England, and at his death left the 
 embryo institution his library of three hundred volumes and a bequest of ^^800. Nathaniel Eaton was first in 
 charge of the college, but it had no "president" until Henry Dunster was thus chosen in 1640. In 1639 Stephen 
 Daye established the first printing-press in America, one of the adjuncts to the college, with which he had impor- 
 tant dealings, as evidenced when he sued the president for a balance and lost his suit. These are the beginnings 
 of Cambridge and Harvard ; they were practically a unit ; they are more distinct in their respective greatness 
 now. To follow the course of either would take volumes, and volumes have already been written of them. Old 
 Cambridge is full of colonial monuments. Beside the Washington Elm, many of the imposing mansions deserted 
 by the Tories on their departure, notably the Craigies, the Brattles and the Lees, are yet objects of interest to the 
 visitor. 
 
 In its early history Cambridge embraced what is now comprised in Brighton, the Newtons, Waltham, Water- 
 town, Belmont, Arlington, Lexington, Bedford, Medford and a part of Somerville. One by one these farming 
 districts separated from the mother town, and are now important cities and towns. The Cambridge of to-day, a 
 city of nearly eighty thousand inhabitants, is naturally divided into distinct sections, with Old Cambridge and 
 Harvard L^niversity as the geographical and historical centre, surrounded by North Cambridge ( the old cattle 
 market). East Cambridge (distinctively a manufacturing district, containing also the Middlesex Courts), and Cam- 
 bridgeport (once a port of entry, now largely industrial). The lines of these sections, no longer than. fifty years 
 ago, were very positively marked by wide intervals of vacant land, now well built over in a residential way, 
 so as almost to obliterate them, to the confusion of returning wanderers from home in their early days. These 
 old intervals, particularly those between Old Cambridge and the Port are monopolized by the better class of 
 homes for the leading merchants of Boston, and others seeking the advantages afforded by the University for the 
 education of their growing families, impro\ed travelling facilities between the two cities also being an attraction. 
 The healthfulness of the city has always lieen jiroverbial. 
 
 Being the first town in the country where important book printing was undertaken, from that of Eliot's 
 Indian Bible onward, Cambridge, with her l'ni\ersity Press and Riverside Press, still retains the prestige in that 
 respect, the first-named establishment having had at one time last year more than a hundred volumes in process. 
 The carriage interest has for years been a prominent feature, from the construction of Holmes's ever-to-be-remem- 
 bered " One Hoss Shay," to the modern .American railroad car. The glass-making industry of East Cambridge 
 has gone to the West, and has been supplanted by enormous meat-packing establishments. North Cambridge has 
 been co\ered by modern dwellings. Bridge building and other iron work, with box and soap making, are 
 conspicuous at the Port. 
 
296 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ALPHEUS B. ALGER, of Cambridge, was born in 
 Lowell, Mass., Oct. 8, 1854, and attended the 
 public schools of that city. He entered Harvard Col- 
 lege in October, 187 1, from which he graduated in the 
 class of 1875. He then attended the Harvard Law 
 School, and also studied with the late Judge Josiah G. 
 Abbott, of Boston, being admitted to the bar in June, 
 1877. Since his admission he has practised his profes- 
 sion in Cambridge and Boston. He early took an active 
 part in the politics, 
 and from 1878 to 
 1 89 1 he was a mem- 
 ber of the Demo- 
 cratic City Commit- 
 tee of Cambridge, 
 occupying the posi- 
 tion of chairman and 
 secretary of that com- 
 mittee during por- 
 tions of that period. 
 In 1884 he was 
 elected alderman of 
 the city of Cam- 
 bridge, and the same 
 year was chosen a 
 member of the Dem- 
 ocratic State Com- 
 mittee, continuing a 
 member of the latter 
 until 1891, serving on 
 the Finance and Ex- 
 ecutive committees, 
 and being secretary 
 of the State Com- 
 mittee for four years. 
 The University City 
 is never chary of be- 
 stowing honors upon 
 her deserving chil- 
 dren, and, therefore, 
 
 in 1886, made her progressive alderman a senator from 
 the Third Middlesex Senatorial District, again returning 
 him to the Senate in 1887, where he served on the 
 following important committees : Mercantile Affairs, 
 Public Service, Judiciary, Liquor Laws, and Bills in 
 Third Reading, and on the committee representing the 
 State of Massachusetts at the Centennial Celebration 
 in Philadelphia in 1887. Although the youngest mem- 
 ber of the Senate, he made an enviable record for him- 
 
 ALPHEUS B. ALGER. 
 
 self as the ijromoter of the interests of his city and 
 State, and during his term of service he was recognized 
 as one of the most earnest advocates of the cause of 
 labor. He was chosen a delegate from the Eighth 
 Congressional District of Massachusetts to the National 
 Democratic Convention in 1888, and in 1890 was 
 elected mayor of Cambridge, to which chief honor in 
 the gift of his city he was unanimously re-elected in 
 1 89 1. Socially, one of the most genial and companion- 
 able of men, his suc- 
 cess is as pronounced 
 as has been his po- 
 litical advancement, 
 and he has been 
 foremost in every 
 movement and or- 
 ganization for the 
 advancement and 
 mental betterment 
 of his fellow-citizens. 
 He is a member of 
 Amicable Lodge, 
 F. and A. M., Cam- 
 bridge Royal Arch 
 Chapter, Boston 
 Commandery ; P o - 
 nemah Tribe, Im- 
 proved Order of 
 Red Men ; St. Omer 
 Lodge, K. of P.; 
 Aleppo Temple, 
 Order of the Mystic 
 Shrine ; and the 
 Haymakers. In 
 1 89 1 he was great 
 \ sachem of the Im- 
 
 -' proved Order of 
 
 Red Men, and was a 
 great representative 
 of the order to the 
 council held in Atlanta, Ga., in September, 1892. 
 Mayor Alger is also a member of the Central Club, of 
 Somer\ille ; Arlington Boat Club, of Arlington ; Newe- 
 towne Club, of Cambridge, and Taylor Club, of Boston. 
 He is treasurer and secretary of the Bay State Club, of 
 Massachusetts ; was chairman of the Board of Harvard 
 Bridge Commissioners in 1891 and 1892 : and is a 
 member of the Charles River Improvement Commission, 
 established bv act of Legislature of 1891. 
 
CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 297 
 
 WILLIAM AMOS BANCROFT was born in Gro- 
 ton, Middlesex County, April 26, 1855. He 
 was the son of Charles and Lydia Emeline (Spaulding) 
 Bancroft. His grandfather, Dr. Amos Bancroft, was a 
 physician well known throughout Middlesex County. 
 A maternal great-grandfather, Henry Bass, was one of 
 the Boston " tea party." His father was a farmer, and 
 in farm work and country sports Bancroft laid the 
 foundation of a vigorous constitution. He was pre- 
 pared for college at 
 the Lawrence Acad- 
 emy in his native 
 town, and at Phillips 
 Exeter Academy. In 
 1874 he became a 
 resident of C a m - 
 bridge, entered Har- 
 vard College and 
 graduated in 1878. 
 He studied at the 
 Harvard Law School, 
 was admitted to the 
 Suffolk bar in 1881, 
 and began practice 
 with his college 
 classmate, Judge 
 Edward F. Johnson, 
 since mayor of Wo- 
 burn. From child- 
 hood he took an 
 active part in athlet- 
 ics, and became 
 famous as the cap- 
 tain and stroke oars- 
 man of the Harvard 
 crews of 1877, 1878 
 and 1879, whose 
 victories were largely 
 due to his manage- 
 ment. Young Ban- 
 croft joined the State Militia when a college freshman, 
 as a private in Company B, Fifth Regiment of Infantry, 
 and rose through the various grades till he became a 
 company commander in 1879, and colonel of his regi- 
 ment in 1882. Under his command, both company 
 and regiment rose to the front rank of efificiency, and, 
 in 1889, the regiment was detailed because of its high 
 standing, as escort to the State delegation on the anni- 
 versary of Washington's inauguration in New York. 
 
 WILLIAM A. BANCROFT. 
 
 He is now (1892) the senior colonel of the Massachu- 
 setts Volunteer Militia. In 1885 Colonel Bancroft's 
 executive talents attracted the attention of the directors 
 of the Cambridge Railroad, and he was unanimously 
 elected its superintendent, and later superintendent of 
 the consolidated Cambridge and Charles River roads. 
 Afterward he was appointed general roadmaster of the 
 West End system. In the street railway business his 
 powers as a manager were shown in the successful con- 
 duct of the road, 
 and in obtaining the 
 g o o d - w i 1 1 of the 
 employees ; while 
 his firmness, energy 
 and organizing 
 ability at the time 
 of the strike in 
 1887, enabled the 
 company to i)ut 
 every one of its 
 twenty-two lines in 
 full operation within 
 fourteen days after 
 the " tie-up." Col- 
 onel Bancroft left 
 the street railway in 
 18S9, and returned 
 to the practice of 
 law in partnership 
 with his college 
 classmate, Warren 
 K. Blodgett, Jr. The 
 firm has offices in 
 Boston and Cam- 
 bridge. He was 
 elected to the Cam- 
 bridge C o m m o n 
 Council in i 88 i , 
 and, in 1882, was 
 elected to the Gen- 
 eral Court. During his three years' service in the 
 Legislature, he served on many important committees. 
 In the fall of 1890 Colonel Bancroft was elected a 
 member of the Cambridge Board of Aldermen. In 
 1 89 1 he was re-elected, and was unanimously chosen 
 president of the board. He married Mary Shaw, daugh- 
 ter of Joseph and Catherine (Perry) Shaw, of Peabody, 
 in 1879, and has three children, — Hugh, (luy and 
 Catherine. 
 
2gS> 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE growth of a community is largely due to its 
 traxelling facilities. This fact has been made 
 very apparent in the increased population of Cambridge. 
 To Thomas Stearns that city is indebted indirectly for 
 its present high status, aside from its world-wide repu- 
 tation as a university town. Mr. Stearns came to Cam- 
 bridge in 1830, from Paris, Me., at the age of twenty- 
 one years. He engaged in various pursuits for a few 
 years, and bought a livery stable that had a large pat- 
 ronage. There was 
 but one stage line to 
 Boston, making only 
 two trips a day at 
 twenty-five cents a 
 fare. A popular 
 driver on this line, 
 Joseph K. Tarbox, 
 though without 
 means, sought to es- 
 tablish a new line at 
 a reduced rate. In 
 this he was aided by 
 Mr. Stearns and oth- 
 ers, the facilities of 
 the stable being ac- 
 corded him. The 
 traffic grew until Mr. 
 Stearns was induced 
 to join him. It was 
 not long before the 
 price of a passage 
 was brought down to 
 fifteen cents, and 
 many Boston mer- 
 chants were thus at- 
 tracted to Cambridge 
 as a place of resi- 
 dence. The induce- 
 ments to emigrate 
 from the city were 
 
 further increased by a concession of forty tickets for 
 five dollars, and trips to intervals of only fifteen minutes. 
 Stearns iv Tarbox became very popular. Dwellings of 
 the first class sprang up along and off the route. The 
 prospects for further progress were so apparent that still 
 greater inducements to settlement were determined 
 upon. (^)uarterly rates were made for regular patrons 
 at five dollars, entitling them to two fares a day, not 
 including Sundays or theatre trips. The line at one 
 
 time had fi\e hundred of these subscribers, and a com- 
 putation of what they thus paid brought their fare to 
 them at a little under six cents, the rate of tolls over 
 West Boston bridge considered, the omnibus company 
 paying for its conveyances and passengers at a shilling 
 ( 16J cents) each way. The highest thus paid for bridge 
 service in one month was Si, 140. Finally the old and 
 the new lines of omnibuses were consolidated, Abel 
 Willard and Charles Kimball, of the original line, join- 
 ing their interests, 
 and Cambridge was 
 favored with several 
 routes under one 
 management. These 
 varied in rates, ac- 
 cording to distance, 
 from eight and ten 
 cents to twenty cents, 
 quarterly commuta- 
 tions being propor- 
 tionately low. In Jan- 
 uary, 1856, this cor- 
 poration, of which 
 Mr. Stearns was the 
 head and the treas- 
 urer, disposed of its 
 plant and interest to 
 the Cambridge Street 
 Railway Company, 
 which has recently 
 been absorbed by the 
 \\'est End Railway. 
 In these years Cam- 
 bridge has increased 
 from six thousand to 
 nearly eighty thou- 
 sand inhabitants who 
 pay uniform five-cent 
 fares. The starting 
 point of all this was 
 the foresight and enterprise of Mr. Stearns and his co- 
 adjutors. He has also borne an important jiart in de- 
 veloping a township in Minnesota. He is descended 
 from Isaac Stearns, who came to Salem from England 
 in 1630. On the occasion of the funeral of Daniel Web- 
 ster, he fitted out his largest omnibus, named for the 
 statesman long before, with six big grays, and jiiloted 
 the coach, full of prominent Cambridge men to Marsh- 
 field, forty miles and return, the same day. 
 
 THOMAS STEARNS. 
 
CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 299 
 
 CHKSTER WARD KINGSLEY, one of the most 
 enterprising ami public spirited citizens of 
 Cambridge, was born in Brighton, June 9, 1824, his 
 parents being Moses and Mary Kingsley. His initial 
 education was obtained in his native town, where his 
 father died when Chester was but four years old, and 
 at the age of ten he was thrown upon his own resources. 
 He made his way to Michigan, and passed five years 
 in that then wild region. Returning to Brighton, he 
 finished his school 
 life in the grammar 
 and high schools, and 
 afterward learned the 
 trade of a carpenter. 
 This not proving con- 
 genial to his temper- 
 ament, he sought 
 another occupation 
 in applying for and 
 accepting the posi- 
 tion of messenger in 
 the old bank of 
 Brighton, where he 
 remained as such 
 two years. He was 
 afterwards teller in 
 the same bank three 
 years. In 1851 he 
 became cashier of the 
 Cambridge Market 
 I) a n k, re m a i n i n g 
 there fi\e years ; 1856 
 he went into the 
 wholesale provision 
 business in Boston, 
 and retired from that 
 in 1865. Since then 
 he has been inter- 
 ested in, and treas- 
 urer of, an anthra- 
 cite coal company in Pennsylvania, and during the time 
 was the president of the National Bank of Brighton, 
 which was the successor to the old bank in which he 
 began his business life. Mr. Kingsley was married in 
 Boston by Rev. Dr. George \V. Blagden, in May, 1846, 
 to Mary Jane, the daughter of Daniel and Hannah 
 Todd, of Brighton, and they have had seven children, 
 four of whom are now living, — Ella Jane (Mrs. M. 
 Clinton Bacon), Addie May (Mrs. D. Frank Ellis), 
 
 Luceba Dorr (Mrs. Parker F. Soule), and C. ^\^ Kings- 
 ley. Mr. Kingsley has been an alderman of Cam- 
 bridge, a member of the School Board, a prominent 
 member of the Cambridge Water Board since 1865, and 
 president of the same for many years past. He was a 
 member of the House of Representatives in 1882, 1883 
 and 1884, and senator from the Third Middlesex Dis- 
 trict in 1888 and 1889. He was chairman of the com- 
 mittee which reported and carried through the Legisla- 
 ture the Metropolitan 
 Sewerage Bill for the 
 valleys of the Charles 
 and Mystic rivers. 
 He was a member of 
 the Rapid Transit 
 Commission of 1891 
 to recommend a sys- 
 tem of rapid transit 
 for Boston and the 
 suburban districts. 
 He is one of the trus- 
 tees of the American 
 Baptist Education 
 Society, Colby Uni- 
 versity, Newton The- 
 ological Institution, 
 Worcester .Academy 
 and the Massachu- 
 setts Baptist State 
 Convention. He was 
 for three years pres- 
 ident of the Ameri- 
 can Baptist Home 
 Missionary Society. 
 He has been one of 
 the execiTtive com- 
 mittee of the Amer- 
 ican Baptist Mission- 
 ary Union, and pres- 
 ident of the Boston 
 Baptist Social Union, and is a member of the Cambridge, 
 Colonial and Massachusetts clubs. He is a life -long Pro- 
 hibitionist and Republican. In recent years Mr. Kingsley 
 has been very acti\e in beautifying and enlarging North 
 Cambridge, where he resides. Streets have been laid, 
 trees planted, attractive dwellings of the higher grades 
 built, sewers constructed, and everything possible has 
 been done by him to enhance the importance and in- 
 terests of the city. 
 
 CHESTER W. KINGSLEY. 
 
300 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 CHARLES JOHN McINTIRE has been the city 
 solicitor of the city of Cambridge since March 
 12, 1886. He is the only son of Ebenezer and Amelia 
 Augustine (Landais) Mclntire ; was born and has always 
 lived at Cambridge. His paternal ancestors came to 
 Salem from Argyll, in Scotland, about 1650. In 1733 
 they went to Charlton (formerly Oxford), in Worcester 
 County, the birthplace of his father. His mother is 
 the daughter of a French engineer officer, commissioned 
 in the United States 
 army on the recom- 
 mendation of his 
 uncle. Colonel Tou- 
 sard, who came over 
 with I-afayette and 
 organized our artil- 
 lery service under 
 General Washington. 
 She was born in Fort 
 Moultrie, Charleston, 
 Sou th Carolina. 
 Through her mother 
 she is a lineal descen- 
 dant of John Read, 
 one of the leading 
 lawyers of Boston in 
 colonial days, and 
 also of his son-in- 
 law, Charles Morris, 
 born in Boston, but 
 who for many years 
 was chief justice of 
 Nova Scotia. While 
 still a student, Mr. 
 Mclntire enlisted as 
 a private in the Forty- 
 fourth Massachusetts 
 Regiment, and was 
 with it in all its en- 
 gagements during the 
 
 Civil War, including the famous defence of the besieged 
 town of Washington, N. C. He has since held many 
 positions of trust, among which are terms in the Board 
 of Aldermen, Common Council, School Board and the 
 Legislature. He has been assistant district attorney ; 
 assisted in framing the new city charter for Cambridge, 
 and in revising the city ordinances ; and at the present 
 time, by appointment of the governor, he is a member 
 of the commission to revise and codify the election 
 
 CHARLES J. McINTIRE. 
 
 laws. He was also one of the organizers of the Colo- 
 nial Club, and is a member of the Cambridge and 
 Newetowne clubs. Mr. Mclntire is a convincing advo- 
 cate and strong counsellor, and has attained success in 
 competition with the eminent practitioners of the 
 Massachusetts bar. A leading member of the bar of 
 his county, whose constant presence in court makes him 
 better qualified to form an opinion than almost any 
 other, writes of him : " The honorable position attained 
 
 by Mr. Mclntire at 
 the justly celebrated 
 Middlesex bar is in 
 itself all sufificient to 
 lead to a just esti- 
 mate of h i s 1 e g a I 
 abilities. The time 
 has passed when men, 
 by chance or fortui- 
 t o u s circumstance, 
 step to the front rank 
 of the profession. 
 Patient study and un- 
 tiring devotion only 
 lead to success. Mr. 
 Mclntire's success is 
 nowhere better illus- 
 trated than in his 
 administration of the 
 office of city solic- 
 F I ,^^^'mil^^B 'tor of Cambridge. 
 
 * mm^ ^^^ He has been called 
 
 ^^K upon to obtain varied 
 
 and important legis- 
 lation ; he has mas- 
 tered the whole range 
 of municipal law and 
 become the safe ad- 
 viser of the city's 
 officials ; he has ex- 
 ercised rare judg- 
 ment in the settlement of claims, and prudently adjusted 
 large suits incident upon the extension of the water 
 works ; and when called into court he has managed his 
 cases with tact and skill, and with a quiet dignity which 
 can only be obtained by the consciousness of a thorough 
 mastery of his case and of the law." Not only of all the 
 intricacies of municipal law but of general law as well 
 Mr. Mclntire is considered a thorough master. His 
 Boston office is in Pemberton S(|uare. 
 
CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 301 
 
 T 
 
 HOMAS WEN'r\\'ORTH HIGGINSON, author, 
 
 graduated at Harvard in 1841, and at the Harvard 
 Divinity School in 1847, when he was ordained pastor 
 of the First Congregational Society in Newburyport, 
 Mass. He left this church on account of anti-slavery 
 preaching in 1850, and in the same year was an unsuc- 
 cessful Free-soil candidate for Congress. He was sub- 
 sequently pastor of a free church in Worcester, Mass., 
 from 1852 to 1858, 
 when he left the 
 ministry and devoted 
 himself to literature. 
 He had been active 
 in the anti- slavery 
 agitation of this 
 period, and for his 
 part in the attempted 
 rescue of a fugitive 
 s 1 a \- e , Anthony 
 Burns, was indicted 
 for murder with 
 Theodore Parker, 
 Wendell Phillips and 
 others, but was dis- 
 charged owing to a 
 flaw in the indict- 
 ment. He also 
 aided in the organi- 
 zation of Free State 
 forces in Kansas. 
 He was appointed 
 captain in the Fifty- 
 first Massachusetts 
 Regiment, Sept. 25, 
 
 1862, and in the 
 following November 
 was made colonel of 
 the First South 
 Carolina Volun- 
 teers (afterwards called the Thirty-third United States 
 Troops), the first regiment of freed slaves mustered into 
 the national service. He took and held Jacksonville, 
 Fla., but was wounded in South Carolina, in August, 
 
 1863, and in October, 1864, resigned on account of 
 disability. He then engaged in literature at Newport, 
 R. I., till 1878, and afterwards at Cambridge, where he 
 has since resided. He is an earnest advocate of woman 
 suffrage and of the higher education of both sexes. He 
 
 THOMAS W. HIGGINSON 
 
 was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1S80 
 and 1 88 1, serving as chief-of-staff to the governor dur- 
 ing the same time, and in 1881-83 ^^"^^ 3- member of the 
 Board of Education. He has contributed largely to the 
 leading American periodicals. He is the author of 
 "Out-Door Papers" (1863); " Malbone, an Oldport 
 Romance " (1869) ; "Army Life in a Black Regiment " 
 (1870) ; French translation by Madame de Gasparin 
 (1884); ".Atlantic Essays" (1871); "Oldport Days" 
 
 (1873); "Young 
 Folks' History of 
 the United States " 
 (1875); French 
 translation (1875) ; 
 German translation 
 (1876) ; Italian 
 translation (1888); 
 " Common Sense 
 .About Women" 
 (i88t) ; "Life of 
 Margaret Fuller 
 Ossoli," " American 
 Men of Letters" 
 series (1884) ; 
 " Larger History of 
 the United States, to 
 the Close of Jack- 
 so n ' s Administra- 
 tion" (1885) ; "The 
 Monarch of Dreams" 
 (1886) ; "Hints on 
 Writing and Speech- 
 making " (1887); 
 "Short Studies of 
 .•\merican Authors " 
 (1879) ; -"Women 
 and Men" (1888) ; 
 "The Afternoon 
 Landscape" (1889) ; 
 "Life of Francis 
 Higginson" (1891); "The New World and the New 
 Book" (1892); " Concerning All of Us" (1892). He 
 has also translated the "Complete Works of Epictetus" 
 (r865), and edited the "Harvard Memorial Biogra- 
 phies " (two volumes, 1865), and "Brief Biographies of 
 European Statesmen" (four volumes, 1875-77). Several 
 of his works ha\e been reprinted in England. As a 
 lecturer. Colonel Higginson has been extremely popular. 
 He is a member of the Republican Club of Massachusetts. 
 
302 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS UF TO-DAY. 
 
 DR. DUDLEY A. SARGENT, director of the Hem- 
 enway Gymnasium at Harvard College, presi- 
 dent of the American Association for the Advancement 
 of Physical Education, and chairman of the Advisory 
 Council of the World's Fair Auxiliary Congress of 
 Physical Culture, is entitled to the credit of having 
 originated and introduced into Harvard College a sys- 
 tem of physical culture based on therapeutic princi|3les, 
 which has been so successful that nearly all of the 
 important colleges 
 and private gymna- 
 siums of the country 
 have taken up the 
 method. Dr. Sar- 
 gent, believing that 
 proper physical train- 
 ing, together with 
 logical attention to 
 dietetics, bathing, 
 sleep, clothing, etc., 
 would not only make 
 the weak strong, and 
 the strong well, but 
 would also attack in- 
 cipient forms of dis- 
 ease and fortify the 
 -system against the 
 evil tendencies of 
 our c i V i 1 i z a t i o n , 
 evolved a system of 
 individualism in 
 ])hysical rulture 
 which had for its 
 groundwork the ac- 
 tual needs of each 
 particular ]i e r s o n . 
 This was in contra- 
 diction to the mili- 
 tary or group method, 
 whereby persons of 
 
 unequal development and varying conditions of health 
 were all given the same exercise, which resulted in 
 abnormal development to some and injured others by 
 over-exertion. To remedy this. Dr. Sargent, by a series 
 of measurements and a study of the physi([ue of the 
 individual, prescribed a course of training to suit each 
 case. Dr. Sargent was born in Belfast, Me., Sept. 28, 
 1849, of oW Puritan stock, John Rogers being one of 
 his ancestors. He was always fond of out-door sports, 
 
 DUDLEY A. SARGENT 
 
 and early developed strength and agility. He attended 
 the public schools at Belfast. His career as an expo- 
 nent of physical culture was probably decided by the 
 breaking of a piece of apparatus in the local athletic 
 club, for which he was expelled from the organiza- 
 tion. Piqued, he bent all his energies on gymnastic 
 practice and at a subsetpient exhibition sur])assed all the 
 members of the club to which he had lielonged. In 
 1869 he accepted the position of instructor of gym- 
 nastics at Bowdoin, 
 by which he earned 
 money enough to fit 
 himself to enter the 
 freshman class in 
 1 87 1. In this year 
 he was given full 
 charge of the depart- 
 ment. In 1872 Dr. 
 Sargent became di- 
 rector of the Yale 
 College Gymnasium, 
 also continuing his 
 connection with that 
 of Bowdoin, from 
 which college he 
 graduated in 1875. 
 He graduated from 
 the Vale M e d i c a 1 
 School in 1878. It 
 was while studving 
 medicine at Yale that 
 he developed his 
 new system of physi- 
 cal culture, which has 
 now become almost 
 uni\'ersal. He sub- 
 mitted his plan to 
 the Yale faculty, but 
 it vvas rejected, 
 whereupon he re- 
 signed, going to New York, where he took a si>ecial 
 course of hygiene and medicine. He (nit his system 
 into practice in the Fifth Avenue Gymnasium, and soon 
 gained a wide reputation. In 1879 he accepted the 
 position of assistant jjrofessor of physical training at 
 Harvard College, and it was under his direction that the 
 then new Hemenway Gymnasium was fitted u]i. Dr. 
 Sargent has been a frequent contributor to the magazines 
 and reviews. 
 
CAMBRIDGF.. 
 
 303 
 
 •m^ 
 
 JOHN FISKE, historian and philosopher, was born 
 in Hartford, Conn., March 30, 1843, the only child 
 of Kdmund Brewster Green, of Smyrna, Del, and Mary 
 Fiske (Bound) Green, of Middleton, Conn. The father 
 was an editor of newsjjaijers, at different times, in Hart- 
 ford, New York and Panama, where he died in 1852. 
 His widow married Edwin W. Stoiighton, of New York, 
 in 1855. The son's name was originally Edmund Fiske 
 Green. In 1855 he took the name of his maternal 
 great- grandfather, 
 John Fiske. He was 
 graduated at H a r - 
 vard in 1863, and at 
 the Law School in 
 1865, having been 
 already admitted to 
 the Suffolk bar in 
 1S64, but he never 
 jjractised the law. 
 His career as an au- 
 thor began in 1861 , 
 with an article on 
 " Mr. Buckle's Falla- 
 cies," in the " Na- 
 tional (Quarterly 
 Review." Since that 
 time he has been 
 a frequent contribu- 
 tor to British and 
 American magazines. 
 In 1869-71 he was 
 university lecturer on 
 philosoi)hy at Har- 
 \ard, in 1870 in- 
 structor i n history 
 there, and 1872-79 
 assistant librarian. 
 He was elected to 
 the Board of Over- 
 seers twice, serving 
 
 from 1879 to 1891. Since 1881 he has lectured annually 
 on American history in Washington L'niversity, St. Louis, 
 and since 1SS4 has held a professorship of American 
 history in that institution, but continues to make his 
 home in Cambridge. He lectured on American history 
 at University College, London, in 1879, and at the 
 Royal Institution of Great Britain in 1880. Since 187 1 
 he has given many hundred lectures. The largest part 
 of his life has been devoted to the study of history, but 
 
 i 
 
 at an early age inciuiries into the nature of human prog- 
 ress led him to a careful study of the doctrine of evolu- 
 tion, and his first lectures on the subject brought him 
 into prominence. In 187 1 he made his remarkable 
 discovery of the effects of the prolongation of infancy in 
 bringing about the development of man from a lower 
 creature. His conclusions were accepted by Darwin 
 and Spencer. His published works are — "Tobacco 
 and Alcohol" (New York, 1868) ; "Myths and Myth- 
 makers " (Boston, 
 1872) ; " Outlines of 
 Cosmic Philosophy, 
 Based on the Doc- 
 trine of Evolution" 
 (2 volumes, London, 
 1874), repul)lished 
 in Boston; "The 
 Unseen World" 
 (Boston, 1876) ; 
 " Darw i n i sm and 
 Other Essays" (Lon- 
 don, 1879), ns^^ ^'1'' 
 enlarged edition 
 (Boston, 1885); 
 " Excursions of an 
 Evolutionist" (Bos- 
 ton, 1885); "The 
 Destiny of M a n 
 Viewed in the Light 
 of his Origin " (Bos- 
 ton, 1884) ; "The 
 Idea of God as Af- 
 fected by Mod ern 
 Knowledge " ( Bos- 
 ton, 1885) ; " .Amer- 
 ican Political Ideas 
 Viewed from the 
 Standpoint of Uni- 
 versal History" 
 (New York, 1885) ; 
 "The Critical Period of American History" (Boston, 
 1889); "The Beginnings of New England" (Boston, 
 1889) ; "The Discovery of America, with Some Account 
 of Ancient America and the Spanish Conquest" (2 vol- 
 umes, Boston, 1 89 2 ) . The last-named is Mr. Fiske's most 
 elaborate, and one of his most original works, including 
 the results of investigations carried on for a (piarter of a 
 century. It is his habit to keep his books partly written 
 and ripening for several years before publishing them. 
 
 
 JOHN FISKE. 
 
304 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE name of Agassiz is synonymous with the ad- 
 vanced knowledge of nature, zoological and geo- 
 logical, in the United States. Alexander Agassiz, the 
 only son of the late Louis Agassiz, the naturalist, by his 
 first wife, was born in Neufchatel, Switzerland, Dec. 17, 
 1835. In 1846, his father, after a long career as a 
 scientist and author in Europe, came to the United 
 States at the suggestion of Humboldt, under the patron- 
 age of the King of Prussia, and incidentally to deliver a 
 series of lectures on 
 " Comparative Em- 
 bryology" at the 
 Lowell Institute, Bos- 
 ton. His mission of j 
 research proved s o 
 successful and prom- 
 ising for further 
 knowledge, that h e 
 determined to make 
 America h i s home, 
 and accepted a pro- 
 fessorship made for 
 him in the Lawrence 
 Scientific School, 
 Cambridge, by its 
 founder. Voimg Al- 
 exander followed in 
 1849, his early edu- 
 cation completed. 
 He prepared for 
 Harvard, and gradu- 
 ted in 1855. After a 
 course of engineer- 
 ing in the Scientific 
 School, he received 
 the degree of B. S., 
 and took a course in 
 chemistry ; then he 
 taught in his father's 
 school for young 
 
 ladies. He assisted in the California coast survey in 
 1859, and collected specimens for the museum that the 
 elder Agassiz had established at Cambridge, visiting on 
 the same tour many of the mines. In i860 he became 
 assistant in the museum, taking charge in 1865, while 
 his father was in Brazil. Coal mining in Pennsylvania 
 also engaged his attention in 1865, and in the following 
 year he made the Lake Superior copper mines his study. 
 There, in 1 869, he was made superintendent of the Calumet 
 
 ALEXANDER AGASSIZ 
 
 and Hecla mines, and developed them until they became 
 the most prolific ore bearers known. From the wealth 
 they have brought him he has increased the capacity of 
 the Agassiz Museum of Comparative Zoology, of which 
 he is the head, more than threefold, at a monetary ex- 
 pense to himself of more than §500,000, not to mention 
 the years of personal care and oversight. He examined 
 the museums of England, France, Germany, Italy and 
 Scandinavia in 1869-70, and on the death of his father 
 
 succeeded to his po- 
 sition in 1874. He 
 was director of the 
 Anderson School of 
 Natural History in 
 1873, and visited the 
 western coast of 
 South .America in 
 1875, making notes 
 of the copper mines 
 of Peru and Chili, 
 and a survey of Lake 
 Titicaca, collecting 
 for the P e a b o d y 
 Museum many an- 
 tiquities. He assisted 
 Sir Wyville Thomp- 
 son, of Scotland, in 
 arranging the collec- 
 tions made by the 
 " Challenge r " ex- 
 ploring expedition, a 
 part of which he 
 brought home, and 
 he wrote one of its 
 final reports. Deep- 
 sea dredging was his 
 winter occupation in 
 1876-81, in connec- 
 tion with the United 
 States coast survey, 
 the steamer "Blake" having been tendered him by the 
 government. Mr. .Agassiz has been a fellow and over- 
 seer of Harvard College, is a member of the National 
 Academy of Sciences, and of the American Association 
 for the Advancement of Science. His publications are 
 chiefly on marine zoology. It is said of him that " he is 
 the best authority in the world on certain forms of marine 
 life." In the fall of 1892 he projected and entered upon 
 an extended exploration of the West Indian waters. 
 
CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 305 
 
 TO bear the distinction of having originated and built 
 the first ty|)ical American railway passenger car 
 is certainly a great honor. Charles Davenport is de- 
 scended from Thomas Davenport, who came from Eng- 
 land to Dorchester, Mass., before 1640. He was born 
 in Newton Upper Falls, May 25, 1812, and was the 
 seventh of a family of twelve children, four of whom 
 lived to be more than eighty years old, and three of 
 whom are now living. In 1828 he was apprenticed to 
 George W. Randall, 
 of Cambridgeport, to 
 
 learn the wood-work 
 
 of the coach and 
 carriage-mak i n g 
 trade. In 1832, be- 
 fore he was twenty 
 years old, Ca]>tain 
 -E. Kimball and he 
 bought Mr. Randall 
 out, and he started 
 for himself with two 
 journeymen and four 
 apprentices. C a p- 
 tain Kimball was the 
 landlord of the Pearl 
 Street Hotel, and, in 
 connection with a 
 livery stable, ran two 
 or three coaches a 
 day between Cam- 
 bridge and Boston. 
 H e furnished the 
 money. Mr. Daven- 
 port thereafter built 
 all the carriages of 
 the establishment, 
 and taking half the 
 profits, h e doubled 
 the business the first 
 year. Mr. D a v e n - 
 
 port's business prospects were so good that Mr. Kimball 
 advised him to buy out the blacksmith, painter, harness- 
 maker and trimmer, who were in the same yard, and to 
 combine all the business under his own direction. In 
 1833-34, the firm built a large number of all kinds of 
 vehicles, including sleighs, and the first omnibus built in 
 New England. In the fall of 1834 Mr. Davenport took 
 the contract to build some four-wheel railway cars for 
 the Boston & Worcester Road, to seat twenty-four people 
 
 CHARLES DAVENPORT 
 
 each. They were the first ever designed with a passage- 
 way running from end to end between the seats, all of 
 previous construction ha\ing been in three conijiart- 
 ments, half the passengers riding backwards. In 1836-37 
 he built for the Eastern Railroad twenty four-wheel cars 
 with platforms and doors on the end, and a passageway 
 through each car. A model of these cars was exhibited 
 at the Mechanics Fair in 1837, also a model of the Dav- 
 enport patent draw-spring and bumper, patented in 
 
 1835. Mr. Daven- 
 port also patented a 
 
 swing bolster to allow 
 
 the truck of his long 
 sixteen-wheel cars to 
 move sidewise with- 
 out swaying the body 
 of the car. Upon 
 these patents some 
 $90,000 was paid in 
 royalties. Their cars 
 were the first that 
 were i)ro\ided with a 
 Mj* ladies' saloon, toilet- 
 
 •4r]^ room and wide turn- 
 
 over backs to the 
 seats. His succes- 
 sive improvements 
 brought him gold and 
 silver medals from 
 the Mechanics Fair. 
 The firm names of 
 Kimball & Daven- 
 port, Davenport & 
 Bridges, and Charles 
 Davenport will long 
 be remembered b y 
 old-time railroad 
 men and tra\ellers. 
 Mr. Davenport was 
 the first large car 
 builder in the United .States, and for twenty-two years 
 his firm led the business in the country, having con- 
 structed, between 1834 and 1856, some S3, 000,000 worth 
 of cars for more than fifty different roads, from Maine to 
 Alabama, and in Cuba, and had two hundred men at 
 work on cars. In 1844 Major Whistler wanted Mr. Dav- 
 enport to go to Russia and take a contract to build the 
 railroad cars for the St. Petersburg & Moscow Railroad. 
 This flattering offer was declined on account of an 
 
3o6 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 excess of work here, and for family reasons. This Rus- 
 sian contract afterwards proved very profitable to those 
 who accepted it. Through the suggestion of the late 
 John E. Thayer, Mr. Davenport took from the Eastern 
 Railroad in 1837 $10,000 in stock, as part payment for 
 §200,000 worth of rolling-stock. This stock advancing 
 ten or twelve per cent, he took $50,000 stock of the 
 Fitchburg Railroad on $250,000 contracts. This also 
 went up fifteen per cent above par. Had it sold for that 
 amount below par, Mr. Davenport said it would have been 
 better for the firm, for subsequently eight or ten other 
 railroad companies induced the firm to take twenty to 
 twenty-five per cent in stock as payments on large con- 
 tracts for cars, and they lost more than $300,000 by a 
 fall in value of the stock. No creditor, however, lost by 
 their mistake. In 1849 Mr. Davenport lost all his 
 property, but not his credit, so he went ahead again. 
 Between 1850 and 1853 he built more than $800,000 
 worth of cars, agreeing with his new creditors in ad- 
 vance to take the same kind of pay from him that he 
 took from the railroads. He thus cleared $100,000. 
 Those he dealt with declining to continue this arrange- 
 ment, he sold out as soon as he could, ])referring to live 
 ujion the interest of what he already possessed rather 
 than to take any risk to gain more. 
 
 But the building of railroad cars has not been the only 
 achievement of Mr. Davenport. While he was filling a 
 contract for Cuba, he visited Havana, and saw the small 
 embankment on the bay there, where the people sat 
 under the palms, enjoying the breezes from the bay. 
 His mind wandered back to his home in Cambridge, and 
 he saw the opportunity for a beautiful water park upon 
 the Charles River Basin. Returning, he bought at 
 different times three quarters of the marsh land in Cam- 
 bridge between the West Boston and Brookline bridges 
 for a water jiark. In 1868 he had his plans for the great 
 impro\ement before the I,egislati\e Commissioners, 
 showing how the park would be if his idea was carried 
 out, on both sides of the bay. This plan was practically 
 adopted by the park commissioners and has been in the 
 Boston City Hall for twenty years. The outcome of this 
 is the beautiful beginning of Charlesbank now finished 
 on the Boston side, between Leverett and Cambridge 
 streets, and the rapid walling and filling of Mr. Daven- 
 ])ort's land on the Cambridge side, which he sold to the 
 Embankment Company, of which he is a director. 
 
 Mr. Davenport says that when the boulevards on both 
 sides of the bay are completed, there will be reserved a 
 ))eautiful inland sea of about five hundred acres, with a 
 
 delightful boulevard two hundred feet wide and more 
 than five miles long around the bav, containing a hun- 
 dred and ten acres, making, with the adjoining pleasure 
 grounds, eight hundred acres, equal in area to New York 
 Central Park. This will allow fine facilities for boating 
 and other pleasant and healthful exercise and will make 
 this bay the most beautiful water park in the world, and 
 a cause of pride to all citizens. Instead of the bad odor 
 from the unsightly flats, they will all be covered from 
 three to ten feet at low tide. On pleasant days and 
 evenings, this wide bay, the boulevards on both shores, 
 and the wide bridge across the bay, — they being so 
 central and accessible from all parts of the metropolis, 
 — will draw many people in boats, carriages and on 
 foot, and the ])ark will equal in beauty and attraction 
 any place of resort in Europe or America. The ])eople 
 will wonder why the embankment was not made years 
 ago. Dr. H. I. Bowditch, Dr. (). W. Holmes and manv 
 other of the leading physicians have testified that the 
 benefits to health which the citizens will receive from 
 an embankment on this bay cannot be estimated in 
 dollars and cents. 
 
 Mr. Davenport is the only surviving director of the 
 Hancock Free Bridge Corporation, which made West 
 Boston bridge free. He has been prominent in further- 
 ing many of the interests of Boston and its environs, 
 by taking hundreds of thousands of stock in the New 
 England Railroad, and by his influence in the building of 
 Harvard bridge, and the extension of Washington Street 
 to Haymarket Square. He confidently predicts that a 
 radius of ten miles from the State House will within 
 forty years inclose a population of some 2,000,000. The 
 Ijopulation in said radius has doubled every twenty years 
 since 1830. 
 
 Few men have enjoyed life better than Mr. 1 )aven- 
 |Jort. He gave up his car business when he was forty- 
 five, and has visited Euroi)e three times, and travelled 
 six thousand miles in visiting all the large cities and 
 important and interesting places. He has also visited 
 all the large cities this side of the Mississippi River 
 between Halifax and New Orleans ; also all the summer 
 resorts within five hundred miles of Boston. He has 
 four sons, two daughters and fifteen grandchildren. 
 His son, son-in-law and grandson graduated at Har- 
 vard, and four grandsons are now fitting for Harvard. 
 
 The longevity of Mr. Davenport's family is shown in 
 the fact that his grandparents and their six children 
 lived to an a\erage of eighty-one years. The oldest 
 was ninety-three and the youngest seventy years. 
 
CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 lOJ 
 
 AMONG the great educational advantages that have 
 been introduced at Harvard University during the 
 last quarter of a century is the establishment of the depart- 
 ment of music. The study of musical theory, composi- 
 tion, history and Jesthetics thus found an equal place 
 among the other humanities, and the example of Harvard 
 has been emulated by our leading universities. We owe 
 this step mainly to the zeal and ability of John Knowles 
 Paine, who, in 1872, suggested that the study of har- 
 mony should be made 
 elective to the stu- 
 dents. From this 
 initiative step the 
 higher study of music 
 was gradually devel- 
 oped at Harvard 
 until it was recog- 
 nized as one of the 
 regular departments 
 in which special 
 honors are given. 
 Mr. Paine was ap • 
 pointed professor of 
 music in 1876. He 
 was born in Portland, 
 Me., Jan. 9, 1837. 
 He showed musical 
 talent early in life, 
 and first appeared in 
 ]3 u b 1 i c as organist 
 and pianist in 1856- 
 57. He visited Ger- 
 many in 1858, where 
 he studied under 
 Haupt and others. 
 After giving several 
 organ concerts in 
 Be r 1 i n he returned 
 home in 1861. The 
 following autumn he 
 
 gave his first organ concerts in Boston, and was ac- 
 knowledged as the first representative of the Bach 
 school of organ playing. In 1862 he was called to Har- 
 vard as organist and instructor. In 1867 he had the 
 prestige of directing his Mass in D at the celebrated 
 Sing-akademie of Berlin. In June, 1873, he conducted 
 the first performance of his oratorio of "St. Peter." His 
 first great success was the performance of his symphony 
 in C minor, given by Theodore Thomas in the Boston 
 
 JOHN K. PAINE 
 
 Music Hall, Jan. 6, 1876. Many of his orchestral works 
 have since been made familiar to the .American public 
 by Thomas and others. He composed the "Centennial 
 Hymn " of Whittier, sung with great enthusiasm at the 
 opening of the exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876. Per- 
 haps the climax of his popular achievement was the 
 music of his " (Jidipus Tyrannus " of Sophocles, as pro- 
 duced in Sanders Theatre, Cambridge, in May, 1881. 
 Mr. John Fiske, in Appleton's Cyclopsdia, says of it : 
 
 " The most complete 
 resources of modern 
 chorus and orchestra 
 were brought to bear 
 on the task of ren- 
 dering the peculiar 
 and subtle religious 
 sentiment of the 
 Greek tragic drama. 
 The work is one of 
 wonderful sublim- 
 ity." It expressed 
 the tragic pathos of 
 the drama more 
 potently than any 
 other modern exam- 
 pi e. .Among his 
 other compositions 
 are the cantata 
 " P hcebu s Arise " 
 (1882); Keats' 
 "Realm of Fancy" 
 (1882); Milton's 
 "Nativity" (Handel 
 and Haydn Festival, 
 1883) ; national 
 ^ cantata, " .A Song of 
 Promise " (Cincin- 
 nati Festival, 1888) : 
 "Spring" symphony, 
 symphonic poem to 
 Shakespeare's "Tempest," ".An Island Fantasy" for 
 orchestra, overture to " .\s You Like It," and songs, 
 motets, organ preludes, piano pieces, string quartet, 
 piano trios, violin sonata, etc. His last work is the 
 " Columbus March and Hymn," composed by official 
 invitation for the opening ceremonies of the World's 
 Columbian Exposition, Chicago, October, 1892. Sev- 
 eral of his orchestral works have been performed in 
 Paris, ^'ienna, Berlin, and other foreign cities. 
 
THE city of Worcester is popularly known as "Tire Heart of the Commonwealth," a designation to which its 
 situation in the State entitles it, and one which is still further borne out by the arterial ramifications of the 
 railway lines which diverge from it. 
 
 The city presents many of the usual features of a New England municipality, but with the sturdy conserva- 
 tism of the native New Englander it still preserves numerous characteristics of the primitive Yankee village from 
 which it has grown to its present size and importance. Its principal street is still called Main Street, and until 
 very recently was adorned throughout its length by rows of stately elms. Fifteen minutes' walk, or a brief ride in 
 almost any direction, brings one into the country, for included within the thirty-six sf|uare miles of its territory are 
 very numerous farms in a high state of cultivation, and contributing annually a large sum, in the value of their 
 products, to the aggregate productions of the city. 
 
 The population of Worcester in 1890 was 84,655, and various local statistics show that it must be now, in 
 1892, over 92,000. It is the second city in the Commonwealth, and the third in New England. This population 
 includes members of almost every civilized race. The varied character of Worcester's industries has made it the 
 attraction for all kinds and conditions of men, and it speaks well for the adaptive character of these immigrants 
 that they have been wrought into the homogeneous, law-abiding population which the city possesses. 
 
 The secret is to be found in industry, and one element, and an important one, in the success of Worcester's 
 industries is their variety. Unlike many New England manufacturing cities, Worcester is dependent on no one 
 occupation. It produces everything from a paper doll to a power loom. With the exception of paper, there is 
 not a staple product of manufacture in New England that has not its representative in this thriving city. The 
 result is greater financial security for both manufacturer and workman, a greater number of homes owned by the 
 laborer, larger deposits in the savings banks, and, finally, a freedom from labor troubles of a serious character with 
 ensuing losses on all sides. The largest single industry is wire making, in which over four thousand men are 
 employed by the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company. Then follow in importance the Crompton and the 
 Knowles Loom Works, fifteen factories engaged in the manufacture of shoes, a greater number of woollen mills, 
 two large carpet mills, and then the hundreds of machine shops turning out daily every variety of machine which 
 ingenuity can invent, or a want demand. More patents are annually issued to residents of Worcester County than 
 to inhabitants of any other county in the Union. 
 
 Most of these industries have grown from small beginnings. .-X feature of the city industrially has always 
 been its supply of rooms with jiower, for rent on easy terms. Many a prosperous concern dates its success from 
 the start in a small way, made with a few feet of floor surface and power supplied by the landlord. 
 
 Then Worcester is a railroad centre. It is reached by rail direct from Boston, Providence, Norwich, 
 Nashua and Springfield, and has good train service in every direction, over seventy trains running out of the city 
 daily. Its street railways have recently been extended to the suburbs north, south and east, and the \vork of 
 substituting electricity for horse power is now going on. It has a magnificent system of water supply, equal to all 
 demands for many years to come. Water is used very freely in manufacturing, and its use is encouraged by the 
 low rate of fifteen cents per one thousand gallons. 
 
 Worcester has eight national banks, with a combined caiiital of §2,450,000. Its savings banks have deposits 
 amounting to $26,642,000. 
 
 The city is favored in its educational institutions. It has an excellent system of public schools, a State 
 Normal School, and Worcester Academy, in the elementary grades, while in the collegiate rank are the Worcester 
 Polytechnic Institute and the College of the Holy Cross, with Clark University, which because of its unique 
 character is a class by itself. The libraries of the city comprise over 300,000 volumes. 
 
 'i'he ])ul)lic parks comjjrise over three hundred and sixty acres, and Lake Quinsigamond, only two miles 
 away, furnishes a beautiful water park. 
 
WORCESTER. 
 
 309 
 
 ^^ 
 
 FRANCIS A. HARRINGTON was born in Worcester, 
 Nov. 17, 1846. His ancestors were of sturdy old 
 New England stock — farmers, nearly all of tiiem, and 
 Francis began life in this same ancient and honorable 
 profession. One of his ancestors, his maternal grand- 
 father, was one of that determined band who showed 
 King George III. that tea and salt water would mix by 
 dumping into Boston harbor the shiploads a confiding 
 British ministry had dispatched to the colonial town. 
 The father of the 
 subject of this sketch 
 was Daniel Harring- 
 ton, farmer, militia 
 captain, common 
 councilman and al- 
 derman. Francis 
 worked on the pater- 
 nal farm, and at- 
 tended the public 
 schools of Worcester, 
 supplementing them 
 with a course in the 
 Worcester Academy 
 and at a business 
 college. When he 
 was twenty-five years 
 of age he entered 
 the livery stable 
 business, and in 
 company with his 
 brother still contin- 
 ues in it, having now 
 one of the largest 
 stables in the city. 
 Mr. Harrington is a 
 man of great mod- 
 esty, seeking only to 
 do his best in what- 
 ever he undertakes, 
 and avoiding all pub- 
 licity. What he has made of himself has been done by 
 hard work and persistent attention to the task in hand. 
 He is a church member and a firm believer in the prin- 
 ciples of temperance. Mr. Harrington's public career 
 began in 1886, when he was selected as the representa- 
 tive of Ward Three in the Board of Aldermen. He 
 continued in the board for three years, the latter portion 
 of the time as president. He served on the committees 
 on Claims, Sewers, Military, Charities and Sewer Assess- 
 
 / 
 
 FRANCIS A. HARRINGTON 
 
 ments. He was chairman of the Sewer Committee when 
 the purification works at Lake Quinsigamond were erected, 
 and has followed closely the course of the experiments 
 and large expenditures in this department ever since. 
 In December, 1889, he was elected mayor, to succeed 
 Hon. Samuel Winslow. He has since been twice re- 
 elected. During his three years of incumbency of the 
 office, some great improvements, involving great ex- 
 penditures of money, have been made. Chief among 
 
 them are the purifi- 
 cation works, on 
 which nearly two 
 h u n d r e d thousand 
 dollars have been 
 expended ; the rais- 
 ing of the Holden 
 dam, at a cost of one 
 hundred thousand 
 dollars, and the con- 
 struction of the new 
 English High School, 
 at a cost of nearly 
 one hundred and 
 fifty thousand dollars. 
 He gave to the affairs 
 of the city the same 
 faithful attention that 
 had won success in 
 his private business, 
 and his sound com- 
 mon-sense and com- 
 mercial sagacity and 
 experience proved of 
 the greatest value to 
 the city in the large 
 expenditures _which 
 were necessary dur- 
 ing the years he was 
 in the public service. 
 His administrations 
 of the office were singularly able and free from all re- 
 proach. He was enabled to accomplish not a Httle in 
 placing Worcester among the most progressive munici- 
 palities of New England. The mayor is prominent in 
 Masonic circles, and has held high offices in the order, 
 as also in the Odd Fellows. He has been master of the 
 Worcester Grange, and is deservedly popular in the 
 order, as well as in the social, business and political life 
 of the city. 
 
3IO 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 HENRY ALEXANDER MARSH, mayor of Wor- 
 cester, was born in Southborough, Mass., Sept. 7, 
 1836, the son of Alexander and Maria (Fay) Marsh. 
 The family moved to Worcester in 1849, and Mr. Marsh 
 attended the public schools of Worcester during the three 
 following years. In 1852 he entered the high school, 
 which he soon left to continue his studies with the Rev. 
 Edward Everett Hale, then pastor of the Church of the 
 Unity in Worcester. In June, 1853, Mr. Marsh entered 
 the employ of the 
 Central Bank as 
 clerk. He has since 
 passed through all 
 the grades in bank- 
 ing service, and is 
 now president of the 
 bank, a position to 
 which he was elected 
 Jan. 12, 1892. Mr. 
 Marsh's public ser- 
 vice liegan in 1867, 
 when he became a 
 member of the Com- 
 mon Council, and 
 served two years. 
 He was elected an 
 alderman in 1878, 
 and served four 
 years, the last one 
 as president of the 
 board. Though fre- 
 (juently solicited to 
 take public office in 
 other capacities than 
 those named above, 
 he always declined 
 until, in 1892, the 
 very general demand 
 of the citizens per- 
 suaded him to accept 
 
 a nomination as mayor. He was elected in December, 
 receiving the largest vote ever cast for a mayoralty can- 
 didate in the history of the city. Mr. Marsh's business 
 reputation and high character have led to his selection 
 on numerous occasions for positions of trust. He has 
 undoubtedly held more offices of a fiduciary nature than 
 any other citizen of Worcester. In 1856 he was secre- 
 tary and treasurer of the Worcester Lyceum and Library 
 Association. From 1869 to 1875 he was a director of 
 
 HENRY A. MARSH 
 
 the Free Public Library. He has been a trustee of the 
 People's Savings Bank since 1869, and vice-president of 
 the board since 1892. He was a commissioner of the 
 sinking funds of the city in 1875 and 1876, and has 
 served continuously in this capacity since 1882. Still 
 other offices of trust are — trustee of the City Hosjiital in 
 1879 and since 1889, auditor of the State Mutual Life 
 Assurance Company from 1880 to 1885, trustee of the 
 Rural Cemetery Corporation in 1882, chairman of the 
 
 Worcester Clearing 
 House Association 
 since 1884, commis- 
 sioner of City Hospi- 
 tal funds since 1888, 
 member of the com- 
 mittee to examine the 
 accounts of the treas- 
 urer of Harvard Col- 
 lege, 1875 to 1877, 
 director of the Asso- 
 ciated Charities 
 since 1890. Mr. 
 Marsh has very fre- 
 quently been se- 
 lected as executor of 
 estates. In this ca- 
 pacity he settled the 
 large estates of 
 George Jaques, Lu- 
 cius J. Knowles, 
 Helen C. Knowles 
 and William A. Den- 
 holm. He has also 
 been treasurer of 
 public relief funds 
 on many occasions, 
 notably for the Irish, 
 Michigan forest fire, 
 Charleston earth- 
 quake, yellow fever 
 and Conemaugh Valley funds. Mr. Marsh married, Sept. 
 7, 1864, Emily W., daughter of John C. and .Sarah Miles 
 Mason. Three children have been born to them, of 
 whom two daughters survive. Mr. Marsh is a member 
 of the Worcester Club, the Quinsigamond Boat Club, 
 and of the St. Wulstan Society, and is treasurer of the 
 last-named organization. Few citizens of Worcester 
 have been called to so many different positions of trust 
 as Mr. Marsh, or ha\e filled them so satisfactorily. 
 
WORCESTER. 
 
 311 
 
 STEPHEN SALISBURY, third of the name, was born 
 in Worcester, March 31, 1835, the son of the sec- 
 ond Stephen Salisbury and of Rebekah Scott (Dean) 
 Salisbury. He left the Worcester High School in 1852, 
 and entered Harvard College, from which he was grad- 
 uated in the class of 1856. Going to Europe immedi- 
 ately after graduation, he was matriculated at Frederick 
 William University in Berlin, and remained in Europe 
 more than two years, dividing his time between the 
 Berlin University, the 
 Ecole de Droit in 
 Paris and travel, vis- 
 iting different por- 
 tions of England, 
 Scotland, Ireland, 
 and the Continent, 
 and also the less 
 known countries of 
 Greece and Turkey. 
 Mr. Salisbury re- 
 turned to Worcester 
 in 1858 and studied 
 law. He received 
 the degree of LL. B. 
 at Harvard in 1861, 
 and was admitted to 
 the Worcester bar. 
 In the winter of 1861 
 Mr. Salisbury visited 
 Yucatan, and passed 
 six months studying 
 the interesting In- 
 dian remains of that 
 country. The results 
 of this and subse- 
 quent visits and in- 
 vestigations are em- 
 bodied in several 
 interesting contribu- 
 tions to the transac- 
 tions of the American Anti(iuarian Society. Mr. Salis- 
 bury has been generous to his native city. The Dean 
 and Salisbury buildings, the first ajjartment houses in 
 Worcester constructed on the most modern plan, and 
 numerous buildings for manufactories and for homes, 
 have been erected by him. He has given to the city a 
 ward at the City Hospital and the beautiful Institute 
 Park, a pleasure ground of eighteen acres on the borders 
 of Salisbury Pond. The land was graded and laid out, 
 
 STEPHEN SALISBURY. 
 
 and the \arious buildings thereon were erected at Mr. 
 Salisbury's expense and under his personal supervision 
 and direction. The Salisbury Laboratories at the Poly- 
 technic Institute are another of his gifts. Mr. Salisbury 
 was elected to the Common Council in 1863, 1865 
 and 1866. In the latter year he was president of the 
 board. In 1892 he was elected to the Massachusetts 
 Senate from the Worcester city district. He became a 
 director of the Worcester National Bank in 1865, and 
 
 its president on the 
 death of his father, 
 in 1884. He has 
 been president of the 
 Worcester County 
 Institution for Sav- 
 ings since 1882. He 
 has been a director 
 of the State Mutual 
 Life Assurance Com- 
 pany since 1863, and 
 was a director of the 
 Worcester, Nashua 
 & Rochester and of 
 the Boston, Barre & 
 Gardner railroads 
 until their absorption 
 by the Boston & 
 Maine and the Fitch- 
 burg roads. He was 
 a trustee of the City 
 Hospital from its 
 incorporation in 187 i 
 until 1889 and its 
 secretary for seven- 
 teen years, and he is 
 also a trustee of tlie 
 Washburn "Memorial 
 Hospital, and held 
 the position of sec- 
 retary for ten years. 
 He was elected trustee of the 'Worcester Polytechnic 
 Institute in 1884, of Clark University in 1887, and 
 treasurer since 1891, and of the Peabody Museum of 
 Archsologv in 1887. Mr. Salisbury is a member of the 
 American Antiquarian Society, of which he has been 
 president since 1887 ; American Geographical Society, 
 Massachusetts Historical Society, New England Historic 
 Genealogical Society, Conservatorio Yucateco, and of the 
 Socie'dad Mexicana de Geografia y Estadistica. 
 
312 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 SAMUEI- SWETT GREEN was born in Worcester, 
 Feb. 20, 1837. His father was James Green, son 
 of the second Dr. John Green, of Worcester, and his 
 mother is Elizabeth (Svvett) Green. Mr. Green was 
 raduated from the Worcester High School in 1854, and 
 from Harvard College in 1858. He was graduated from 
 the Har\ard Divinity School in 1864, and took the 
 degree of master of arts at Harvard in 1870. After 
 ser\ing several years as book-keeper in the Mechanics' 
 National Bank, and 
 as teller in the Wor- 
 cester National Bank, 
 he became, in 1867, 
 a director, and in 
 1871, 1 ibrarian, of 
 the Free Public Li- 
 brary of W^orcester. 
 The latter position 
 he still holds. The 
 library has grown rap- 
 idly in size and use- 
 fulness under his 
 care, and a remark- 
 able feature respect- 
 ing its use is the very 
 large proportion of 
 books that is em- 
 ployed for study and 
 purposes of refer- 
 ence. Mr. Green is 
 one of the distin- 
 guished librarians of 
 the country, and is 
 an authority in re- 
 spect to the use of 
 libraries as popular 
 educational institu- 
 tions, and in respect 
 to the establishment 
 of close relations be- 
 tween libraries and schools. Mr. Green has held vari- 
 ous ofifices in the American Library Association. Elected 
 president of the association in 189 1, he presided at the 
 meetings held in San Francisco, Oct. 12-16 of that 
 year. In May, 1892, he was chosen one of the original 
 ten members of the new council of the association. 
 He was a delegate of the association to the International 
 Congress of Librarians, held in London in 1877, was a 
 member of the council of that body, and took an active 
 
 SAMUEL S. GREEN 
 
 part in the discussions of the meetings. He was chosen 
 an honorary member of the Library Association of Great 
 Britain in 187S. In October, 1890, Mr. Green was 
 appointed by the governor of Massachusetts an original 
 member of the State Board of Free Public Library 
 Commissioners. He is one of the founders of the Mas- 
 sachusetts Library Club, and gave courses of lectures in 
 the School of Library Economy when it was connected 
 with Columbia College, New York City, He is a mem- 
 ber of the Advisory 
 Council of the 
 World's Congress 
 Auxiliary of the 
 World's Columbian 
 Exposition on a Con- 
 gress of Librarians. 
 Mr. Green is a Fel- 
 low of the Royal 
 Historical Society, a 
 member of the coun- 
 cil of the American 
 Antiquarian Society, 
 a member of the 
 American Historical 
 Association, of the 
 New England His- 
 toric Genealogical 
 Society, of the Art 
 Commission of the 
 St. Wulstan Society 
 and of the Sons of 
 the Revolution. He 
 is a trustee of Leices- 
 t e r Academy, and 
 was recently presi- 
 dent of the Worces- 
 ter Art Society. Mr. 
 Green has written 
 constantly for the 
 " Library Journal " 
 since its establishment, and has made many contribu- 
 tions to the proceedings of the American Antiquarian 
 Society. He has also contributed to other periodicals 
 in the United States and England. He has written two 
 books and several pamphlets on questions in library 
 economy, and has prepared monographs which have 
 been published by the Massachusetts Board of Educa- 
 tion, the United States Bureau of Education and the 
 American Social Science Association. 
 
WORCESTER. 
 
 313 
 
 JOHN STANTON BALDWIN is at the head of 
 one of the oldest institutions in the country, — 
 the Worcester ^r, one of the very few American news- 
 papers which antedate the Revolution, and have had 
 a consecutive history since that time. The first num- 
 ber of the Spy was printed experimentally in Boston in 
 July, 1770, at the office of the veteran printer Zechariah 
 Fowle, with whom Isaiah Thomas had that year entered 
 into partnership. The next year the paper passed entirely 
 into Mr. Thomas's 
 hands. In 1775 the 
 atmosphere of Boston 
 grew too hot for a 
 journal of the revolu- 
 tionary character of 
 the Spy, and the press 
 (still preser\ed at the 
 hall of the American 
 Antiquarian Society 
 at Worcester) and 
 types were smuggled 
 across Charles River, 
 and thence, the day 
 after the Battle of Lex- 
 ington, to Worcester, 
 where the paper has 
 since been regularly 
 published. A com- 
 plete file covering one 
 hundred and twenty- 
 two years may be seen 
 at the Antiquarian 
 Hall. After the death 
 of Isaiah Thomas 
 the paper was for 
 thirty- five years 
 edited by John Mil- 
 ton Earle, who be- 
 gan the daily issue 
 in 1845. Mr. Earle 
 
 was a pioneer and leader in the free-soil movement. 
 He was succeeded by John D. Baldwin, who with his 
 sons, John S. and Charles C, assumed control of the 
 paper in 1859. Mr. Baldwin was also an anti-slavery 
 pioneer. He was a member of Congress and an 
 author of note, two of his volumes, " Pre-Historic 
 Nations" and "Ancient America," having taken their 
 place as standard works. He died in 1883. John S. 
 Baldwin, the present editor and chief owner of the Spy, 
 
 JOHN S. BALDWIN. 
 
 was born in New Haven, Conn., Jan. 6, 1834. He was 
 educated in the Connecticut schools, learning the 
 printer's trade while he was passing through the several 
 grades, and fitting for Yale College at the Hartford High 
 School. At this time all his hours not spent in school, 
 from break of day till evening, were given to the print- 
 ing-office. Disappointed in his desire to enter college, 
 for he was a poor boy and could not afford it, he pre- 
 pared himself for the work of teaching, graduating with 
 
 high honors at the 
 State Normal School. 
 On the recommenda- 
 tion of the principal, 
 D. N. Camp, after- 
 wards Connecticut's 
 commissioner of ed- 
 ucation, he was ap- 
 pointed principal of 
 a large school but 
 declined the offer, 
 for he was called 
 to Boston to take 
 charge of the busi- 
 ness of the Dai/y 
 CiViimomoca/tJi, o f 
 which his father was 
 the editor. During 
 the excitingi years 
 which followed he 
 was m close contact 
 with some of the 
 most famous men of 
 Massachusetts, w ho 
 made that office 
 their headquarters. 
 Among them • were 
 Charles Sumner, 
 Henry Wilson^ Dr. 
 Samuel G. Howe, 
 Theodore Parker, 
 Richard H. Dana, John A. Andrew, Anson Burlingame, 
 Richard Hildreth, W. S. Robinson, William Claflin, 
 Robert Carter, and many others of note. Mr. Bald- 
 win's life in Worcester has been devoted to his paper. 
 He has never sought public office, though he has served 
 in the City Council, the School Board and the Legisla- 
 ture. He was an officer in the LTnion Army, going out 
 in command of a company in the Fifty-first Regiment, 
 which he raised at the request of Governor Andrew. 
 
314 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EDWARD AUGUSTUS GOODNOW was born in 
 Princeton, Mass., July i6, 1810. His i)arents, 
 Edward and Rebecca (Beaman) Goodnow, kept the 
 tavern in Princeton, and Mr. Goodnow's early training 
 was in the labors of the tavern and the farm attached to 
 it, with the limited educational facilities of the district 
 school, eked out by three terms at Hadley Academy. 
 At the age of nineteen he entered the employ of his 
 brother in the village store, .and later entered into 
 partnership with him 
 in the enterprise. 
 He afterward entered 
 upon the manufac- 
 ture of shoes in 
 Princeton, but in 
 1847 sold out his 
 business and left the 
 village for wider 
 fields. After one or 
 two ventures without 
 marked success, one 
 in a cutlery establish- 
 ment in Shelburne 
 P\ills and another in 
 manufacturing in 
 New York, he came 
 to Worcester and 
 bought a small retail 
 shoe store. In four 
 years he disposed of 
 the retail department 
 and devoted his 
 attention to the 
 broader and more 
 lucrative field of a 
 jobbing house, the 
 first exclusively job- 
 bing house ever 
 started in Worcester. 
 In ten years he was 
 
 doing a business of $400,000. When the war broke out 
 he joined heartily in the movement to save the Union, 
 giving liberally to various causes to helji the Govern- 
 ment. He invested largely in government bonds, and 
 when the national banking law was passed anticipated 
 the local State banks in acceptance of the situation, by 
 organizing a new banking institution which secured the 
 name of the First National Bank of Worcester. He 
 gave up his business at the close of the war and de\oted 
 
 EDWARD A. GOODNOW 
 
 his attention to the bank, of which he became jiresi- 
 dent, an office which he still holds. Mr. Goodnow 
 encouraged the clerks in his employ to enlist for the 
 war, and thirteen of his employees enlisted at different 
 times. When the movement for arming colored troops 
 was started he headed a subscription with $500 to aid 
 in the equipment of the first regiment. Mr. Goodnow 
 has been a liberal giver of his wealth. He gave to Iowa 
 College, $15,500; to the Huguenot Seminary in South 
 
 Africa, $15,000; to 
 Washburn College, 
 Kansas, $5,000 ; to 
 the Young Women's 
 Christian ."^ssocia- 
 tion of Worcester, 
 $26,000, of wh i c h 
 $9,000 was devoted 
 to finishing and fur- 
 nishing a hall in the 
 building called the 
 Memorial Hall, in 
 memory of his wife. 
 Her portrait was 
 solicited for the hall. 
 He has also estab- 
 lished scholarships in 
 Mt. Holyoke College, 
 Northfield Seminary, 
 W'ellesley College, 
 Iowa College, Huge- 
 not Seminary, South 
 Africa, and Hampton 
 Institute, Virginia. 
 Over fifty girls are 
 receiving aid in these 
 \arious institutions 
 from funds furnished 
 by M r . Goodnow. 
 He gave to his na- 
 tive town $40,000, of 
 which $3,000 was toward the erection of a new town 
 hall, and the rest for the building and endowment of a 
 free jiublic library and reading-room and a grammar 
 school. Mr. Goodnow has been married three times. 
 His first wife was Harriet, daughter of Dr. Henry Bagg, 
 of Princeton, and at her decease he married her sister 
 Mary. After the death of the latter he married Cather- 
 ine Bowman Caldwell, eldest daughter of Seth Caldwell, 
 of Barre. 
 
WORCESTER. 
 
 315 
 
 SAMUEL WINSLOVV, son of Eleazer R. and Ann 
 Corbett Winslow, was born in Newton, Mass., 
 Feb. 28, 1827. He received a common-school educa- 
 tion in the schools of that town, after which he went to 
 work for a local establishment engaged in the manufac- 
 ture of cotton machinery. He displayed great ingenuity 
 and mechanical skill, and at the age of twenty was fore- 
 man of the machine shop in which he had learned his 
 trade. He moved to Worcester in 1855, and in com- 
 pany with his brother, 
 Seth C. Winslow, 
 started a m a c h i n e 
 shop. Two years 
 later they began the 
 m a n u f a c t u r e of 
 skates. They re- 
 mained in company 
 until the death of 
 Seth C, in 187 1, 
 after which Samuel 
 Winslow carried on 
 alone a constantly in- 
 cr easing business 
 until 1886, when he 
 was succeeded by 
 The Samuel Winslow 
 Skate Company, of 
 which Mr. Winslow 
 became president 
 and treasurer, posi- 
 tions which he still 
 holds. This corpo- 
 ration is the most 
 extensive manufac- 
 toiy of ice and roller 
 skates in the world,' 
 and will probably 
 stand for all time as 
 a monument to the 
 perseverance and 
 
 industry of its present president and treasurer. Before 
 Mr. Winslow came to Worcester, he served as a member 
 of the prudential committee of the school committee 
 of Newton Upper Falls, Mass. He was a member of 
 the Worcester Common Council in 1864 and 1865, and 
 afterward represented the Tenth Worcester District in 
 the Massachusetts Legislature in the years 1873 and 
 1874. In 1884 he was elected alderman to fill an unex- 
 pired term of one year, and in December, 1885, was 
 
 SAMUEL WINSLOW 
 
 elected mayor of the city, a position which he held for 
 a term of four successive years. Mr. \V'inslow was a 
 trustee of the Worcester County Mechanics' Association 
 in 1868. He was vice-president in 1884 and 1885, and 
 president in 1886. In December, 1888, Mr. Winslow 
 became a director of the Citizens' National Bank, and 
 in 1889 was made president of the board, an office 
 which he still holds. In the same year he became a 
 trustee of the People's Savings Bank. He took an 
 
 active part in the 
 introduction of elec- 
 tric lighting into the 
 city of Worcester, 
 and was one of the 
 original stockhold- 
 ers of the Worcester 
 Electric Light Com- 
 pany, with which he 
 was continually con- 
 nected as a director 
 until early in the 
 year 1892. He was 
 the promulgator of 
 the \Vorcester, 
 Leicester & Spencer 
 Electric Street Rail- 
 way, which, with its 
 thirteen and one-half 
 miles of track, has, 
 until recently, en- 
 joyed the distinction 
 of being the longest 
 continuous elec- 
 tric railway operated 
 from one power sta- 
 tion in the world. 
 Mr. Winslow was ac- 
 tive in the incorpo- 
 ration of the com- 
 pany, and on its 
 organization became its president, an office which he 
 still holds. He was also among the promoters of the 
 organization of the Worcester & Millbury Electric Rail- 
 way, which is now in operation, and of which he is pres- 
 ident. He was a delegate to the National Republican 
 Convention in 1892. Mr. Winslow was married in 
 Newton, in 1848, to Mary, daughter of David and Lydia 
 Robbins. They have two sons, Frank Ellery and Samuel 
 Ellsworth Winslow. 
 
3i6 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 CHARLES B. PRATl' was born in Lancaster, Mass., 
 Feb. 14, 1824. His early years were passed in 
 a hard struggle for a li\elihood, for the poverty of his 
 parents compelled him to seek work at the early age of 
 nine years. He worked in a cotton mill in Fitchburg 
 for three years, and then wandered to Rochester, N. Y., 
 where he became apprentice to a moulder. He secured 
 a release from his apprenticeship after a year to enter, 
 at fourteen years, the dangerous employment of sub- 
 marine diving. At 
 twenty he had thor- 
 oughly learned the 
 business and had 
 saved a large portion 
 of his wages. He 
 then came to Wor- 
 cester and finished 
 his time as a moulder 
 in the old Wheeler 
 foundry. Seven years 
 later Mr. Pratt went 
 into the submarine 
 business on his own 
 account, and pursued 
 it with success for 
 twenty years, under- 
 taking in that time a 
 number of important 
 and hazardous opera- 
 tions on the coast 
 and among the (ireat 
 Lakes. He retired 
 in I 8 7 I to devote 
 himself to his private 
 interests in Worces- 
 ter, where he had in- 
 vested the profits of 
 his busine s s, and 
 where in the inter- 
 vals of his sub- 
 marine work he had been city marshal in 1863, 1864 
 and 1865. His business talents quickly found occupa- 
 tion. He had invested in the First National Bank on 
 its organization, and has been one of its directors from 
 the beginning. He became president of the First 
 National Fire Insurance Company in 1872, and was for 
 years its sole manager. He was the first president of 
 the Worcester Protective Department, and continues to 
 hold the position. He is also a trustee of the Worcester 
 
 CHARLES B. PRATT 
 
 County Institution for Savings. Mr. Pratt was president 
 of the Worcester .Xgricultural Society for sixteen years, 
 and was active in bringing about the combined exhibi- 
 tions of the New England and the Worcester societies. 
 He pushed the project of horse-car lines to the fair 
 grounds, and organized the Citizens' Street Railway 
 Company in 1886. The following year a combination 
 was effected with the old company, and Mr. Pratt 
 has since been president of the consolidated company. 
 
 He was an original 
 director in the Wor- 
 cester Theatre Cor- 
 poration, and also in 
 the Bay State House 
 Corporation. M r . 
 Pratt has attained 
 the thirty -se c ond 
 degree in Masonry. 
 He is a member of 
 Worcester County 
 C o m m a n d e r y of 
 Knights Templar, 
 and is also a mem- 
 ber of various Odd 
 Fellow and Pythian 
 organizations. Mr. 
 Pratt has served in 
 both branches of the 
 City Council and in 
 both branches of the 
 Legislature. He was 
 elected mayor in 
 1876, and was re- 
 elected in 1877 and 
 1878. During his 
 occupancy of the 
 office of mayor were 
 effected the settle- 
 ment of the claims 
 for the bursting of 
 the Lynde Brook dam, the construction of the Foster 
 Street extension and of the "Big Sewer" to Quinsiga- 
 mond, the three operations involving the expenditure 
 of half a million dollars. The city debt, however, was 
 increased but §5 0,000, and the tax rate kept below $15. 
 Mr. Pratt was State senator in 1883. He continues to 
 serve the city as an overseer of the poor and as com- 
 missioner of the Jaques (City Hospital) Fund. Mr. 
 Pratt married, in 1844, Lucy Ann Brewer. 
 
WORCESTER. 
 
 317 
 
 HH. BIGELOW was born in Marlboro, Mass., 
 , June 2, 1827, the fifth son of Levi and Nancy 
 Ames Bigelow. Mr. Bigelow received a common-school 
 education in the public schools of Marlboro, but at the 
 age of fifteen applied himself to learning the shoe- 
 maker's trade. He had always shown a taste for me- 
 chanics, and at an early age displayed inventive talent. 
 He devised an arrangement for making meat skewers 
 when but a boy, such articles having formerly been 
 whittled out by hand. 
 In 1847 he began to 
 manufacture shoes in 
 Marlboro, and three 
 years later went to 
 New York and made 
 brogans in company 
 with his uncle, 
 Charles D. Bigelow. 
 He returned to Marl- 
 boro in 1854, and 
 then after three years 
 of buildi ng, farm- 
 ing and speculating, 
 went to Albany, N. 
 v., and continued the 
 shoe manufacture, 
 employing convict 
 labor in the peniten- 
 tiary. He subse- 
 quently employed 
 convicts in P r o v i - 
 dence, R. I., and at 
 Trenton, N. J-, using 
 the latter in the 
 manufacture of army 
 shoes in the early 
 years of the war. 
 Among labor-saving 
 devices of Mr. Bige- 
 low's invention made 
 
 during the years last mentioned, were a gang punch, an 
 improvement in pegging machines which substituted a 
 knife for the saw to cut the pegs, and channeling and 
 heel trimming machines. Mr. Bigelow came to Worces- 
 ter in 1863 as superintendent for Bigelow & Trask, a firm 
 which was afterwards absorbed by the Bay State Shoe 
 and Leather Company. Mr. Bigelow became a large 
 owner of stock in this corporation, and its manager. In 
 1869, Mr. Bigelow invented the Bigelow heeling ma- 
 
 H. H. BIGELOW 
 
 chine, one of the greatest labor-saving devices of the 
 boot and shoe industry. The machine utilizes waste 
 leather by turning it under pressure into heels, at the 
 same time shaping, piercing and nailing the heel. In 
 1875 the interest of the Bigelow Heeling Machine 
 Company and those of the McKay Heeling Machine 
 Company were consolidated. Mr. Bigelow became in- 
 terested in real estate on Lake Quinsigamond in 1872, 
 but not until 1883 did he acquire control of the West, 
 
 or Worcester Shore, 
 and of the Worcester 
 & Shrewsbury rail- 
 roads, which gives 
 access to it. He im- 
 mediately began to 
 improve his property. 
 The railroad bed 
 and the rolling-stock 
 were renewed, build- 
 ings erected, and 
 the whole aspect of 
 things changed. 
 .As a result, the lake 
 became a popular 
 summer resort. Mr. 
 Bigelow has added to 
 his property at the 
 lake from time to 
 time. In conjunc- 
 tion with Hon. Ed- 
 ward L. Davis, he 
 presented to the city' 
 for a park a beautiful 
 tract of woodland 
 comprising over one 
 hundred :Kres. The 
 village of Lake View, 
 a flourishing suburb 
 of cottages, chiefly 
 the homes of Worces- 
 ter mechanics, was built up by Mr. Bigelow's encour- 
 agement. In 1882 Mr. Bigelow purchased of the 
 Boston & Albany Railroad the site of the old Worcester 
 depot on Foster and Mechanic streets, the largest sin- 
 gle purchase of real estate ever made in Worcester. 
 Here, in addition to a roller-skating rink, he established 
 the first electric-light plant in Worcester. He is still 
 interested in the Worcester Electric Power Company, 
 which furnishes power to forty or more minor industries. 
 
;i8 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TU-DAY. 
 
 JAMES A. NORCROSS and Orlando W. Norcross 
 comprise the firm of Norcross Brothers, whose 
 reputation as contractors and builders is now as firmly 
 established as a block of their own favorite Longmeadow 
 brownstone, and whose names are known all over the 
 country wherever a fine building is to be erected, or 
 where the fame of a fine structure has extended. The 
 Norcrosses came naturally by their calling, for they 
 inherited a constructing ingenuity and love of building 
 from their father. 
 He was Jesse S. Nor- 
 cross, a man of great 
 mechanical ability, 
 whose chief business 
 was setting up saw- 
 mills in the Maine 
 woods. James .'\. 
 Norcross was born 
 in Wins low, Me., 
 March 24, 1831, and 
 Orlando was born in 
 Clinton, in the same 
 State, Oct. 25, 1839. 
 The early death of 
 their father threw the 
 boys upon their own 
 resources. They be- 
 came carpenters and 
 builders, finally es- 
 tablishing themselves 
 in S warn ps CO t't , 
 Mass., in 1864, after 
 the return of the 
 younger brother, Or- 
 lando, from three 
 years' service with 
 the First Massachu- 
 setts Heavy Artillery 
 in putting down the 
 Rebellion. Four 
 
 years later they removed to \\'orcester, Mass., and 
 began laying the foundations of the vast business enter- 
 prise of which they are now the proprietors and man- 
 agers. The first important contract undertaken was for 
 the Congregational Church in Leicester, Mass., in 1866. 
 It was not a large structure, but it proved the beginning 
 of a long series of successful building operations, and 
 the firm have e\er retained a warm regard for the 
 Leicester society, and those of it who gave the contract 
 
 JAMES A. NORCROSS 
 
 to them. In the next four years they had taken and 
 successfully completed the contracts for the Crompton 
 Block, the First Universalist Church and the Classical 
 High School, all in Worcester, and in all their work 
 established a reputation for honesty, faithfulness and 
 trustworthiness. In the erection of the high school, 
 they came in contact with the late H. H. Richardson, 
 the master architect of America, and the close relations 
 that continued between the architect and the firm until 
 
 the death of the 
 former showed his 
 appreciation of the 
 skill with which the 
 Norcrosses carr i e d 
 out his designs. The 
 monuments of his 
 genius are no less 
 the monuments of 
 the skill and faithful- 
 ness of the contrac- 
 tors who erected 
 them. The Norcross 
 contracts are usually 
 of the kind that in- 
 cludes all portions of 
 the structure to the 
 completed building. 
 To be able to take 
 these they have gath- 
 ered together a large 
 force of clever arti- 
 sans in all kinds of 
 work that pertains 
 to building. They 
 have large shops, 
 where the finest in- 
 terior finish is turned 
 out, skilful carvings 
 and beautiful tracery 
 in wood, stone and 
 metal. They own ([uarries at Milford, Mass., whence 
 comes the famous pink Worcester granite, which is 
 growing in public favor as a material. They also own 
 quarries at Longmeadow, where they procure the com- 
 Ijact, and firm, yet soft and warm-looking Longmeadow 
 brownstone, which they were the chief means of intro- 
 ducing. They also own quarries of red granite at Stony 
 Creek, Conn., where the granite quarried is commonly 
 known as " Branford Red." They also operate ([uarries 
 
WORCESTER. 
 
 319 
 
 of marble at Tuckahoe, X. V., where a beautiful white 
 marble is secured, and from which many prominent 
 buildings in New York City have been built in the last 
 twenty years. James A. Norcross married, in 1852, 
 Mary Ellen Pinkham, of Peabody, Mass. They have 
 four sons and two daughters. Mr. Norcross, though a 
 very busy man, takes a good citizen's interest in the 
 affairs of the city, which he served as councilman in 
 1877. Orlando W. Norcross married in 1870, Ellen P. 
 Sibley, of Salem, 
 Mass. They have 
 three daughters. Mr. 
 Norcross was se- 
 lected by General 
 (iraut as an expert 
 on the commission 
 to examine the con- 
 dition of the Federal 
 Building in Chicago. 
 The task was diffi- 
 cult but its result will 
 long be remembered 
 by builders, for no 
 suggestion or finding 
 of the commission 
 has failed to be sus- 
 tained by subsequent 
 events. The follow- 
 ing are some of the 
 buildings erected by 
 this enterprising firm. 
 The list includes 
 only some of the 
 larger kind, but it 
 will be seen to in 
 elude almost all vari- 
 eties of buildings. 
 Public Buildings : 
 1872, Hampden 
 County Court House, 
 
 Springfield, Mass., cost, §175,000; 1877, Woburn 
 Library, cost, S8o,ooo ; Ames Library, North Easton, 
 Mass., cost, $36,000 ; 1879, Town Hall, North Easton, 
 Mass., cost, $50,000: 1880, Crane Memorial Library, 
 Quincy, Mass., cost, §44,000: City Hall, Albany, N. Y., 
 cost, §295,000 : 1885, Allegheny County Court House, 
 Pittsburg, Pa., cost, §2,500,000 : Maiden, Mass., Library, 
 cost, §90,000: 1S87, Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, 
 cost, §530,000 ; Howard Memorial Library, New Orleans, 
 
 ORLANDO W. NORCROSS. 
 
 La., cost, §98,000; 1889, State House Extension, 
 Boston, Mass., cost, §700,000; 1892, Bloomingdale 
 Asylum, White Plains, N. Y., cost. §1,135,000. 
 
 Club Houses: 1879, Union League, New York City, 
 cost, §255,000 ; 1881, Boston Art Club, cost, §54,000 ; 
 1886, Algonquin Club, Boston, Mass., cost, §177,000. 
 
 Educational: 1870, Worcester High School, cost, 
 §120,000; 1878, Boston Latin School, cost, §170,000 ; 
 Hemenway Gymnasium, Harvard College, cost, §91,000 ; 
 
 Sever Hall, Harvard 
 College, cost, 
 §104,000 ; 1882, 
 Austin Hall, Harvard 
 College, cost, 
 §136,000; Union 
 Theological S e m i - 
 nary. New York City, 
 cost, §286,000; 1883, 
 Yermont University, 
 Burlington, Vt., cost, 
 §92,000 ; Lawrence- 
 ville School, N. J., 
 cost, §320,000 ; 1886, 
 Durfee High School, 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 (stone work), cost, 
 §200,000 ; 1888, 
 C rouse Memorial 
 College, Syracuse, 
 N. Y., cost, §220,- 
 000 ; Yale Memorial 
 Building, New 
 Haven, Conn., cost, 
 §135,000 ; 1892, 
 Princeton College, 
 ( ' o m m e n c-e m e n t 
 Hall, cost, §214,000, 
 Walker Art Building, 
 Bowdoin College, 
 Brunswick, Me., cost, 
 §107,000. The business structures erected by them 
 include the Marshall Field Building, Chicago, §900,000 : 
 N. Y. Life Ins. Co.'s buildings at Omaha and Kansas City, 
 §750,000 each ; Exchange Building, Boston, §1,410,500 ; 
 .'^mes Building, Boston, §704,000 : Youth's Compan- 
 ion, Boston, §464,000. Their celebrated churches are : 
 Trinity, Boston, §390,000 ; St. John's, N. Y., §419,000 : 
 South Congregational, Springfield, ALiss., §150,000. 
 Thev built the B. & K. station at Springfield, §375,000. 
 
?20 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JAMES JOHNSON WARREN was born in Brimfield, 
 Mass., March 23, 1822. His ancestors were of 
 good old Puritan stock. His grandfather, Philemon 
 Warren, was a cousin of General Joseph Warren, the 
 patriot who fell at Bunker Hill. Philemon Warren set- 
 tled at Brimfield, and began as a tanner and currier the 
 successful leather industry which his descendants until 
 recently maintained there. John M. Warren, the father 
 of the subject of this sketch, continued the business, and 
 to make a market for 
 the leather that ac- 
 cumulated in the 
 tannery, started a 
 boot and shoe shop 
 in Brimfield in 1818. 
 Their factory, which 
 was one of the first 
 established in Mas- 
 sachusetts, became 
 the main industry of 
 Brimfield and its vi- 
 cinity. James J. 
 Warren grew up in 
 the atmosphere of 
 leather, and naturally 
 turned to it for a 
 means of livelihood. 
 He acquired his ele- 
 mentary education in 
 the schools of Brim- 
 field, and in acade- 
 mies at Ellington, 
 Conn., and Monson, 
 Mass. In 1834 he 
 came to Worcester 
 and completed his 
 education in the 
 Worcester Manual 
 Labor High School, 
 now Worcester 
 
 Academy. Here he passed two years, and then entered 
 active business in the leather trade, in which he has 
 ever since, in one branch or another, been engaged. 
 He began his business career in 1838 as clerk in a New 
 York leather house. Three years later he was clerk for 
 P. Warren & Sons, in the Brimfield factory, after which 
 he started with his brother in a wholesale and retail 
 boot and shoe store in Petersburg, Va., but less than a 
 year of Southern life contented him, and he disposed of 
 
 JAMES J. WARREN 
 
 his business and returned to Brimfield. Here he estab- 
 lished himself in the tanning and manufacture of card 
 leather. This industry he carried on successfully for a 
 number of years, and finally removed it to Worcester in 
 1867. Here he went into partnership with O. H. Wes- 
 ton, who then carried on a produce business, and the 
 two industries were continued together for a dozen years. 
 Perceiving the advantages of a location near the pro- 
 jected union station, Mr. Warren purchased property on 
 
 Washington Square, 
 and erected the 
 Warren Building, a 
 handsome granite 
 structure overlook- 
 ing the square. He 
 moved his leather 
 business into it, dis- 
 solving his part- 
 nership with Mr. 
 Weston. He next 
 purchased the busi- 
 ness of the Harrell 
 Manufacturing Com- 
 pany in Boston, and 
 c h a n g i n g the name 
 to the J. J. Warren 
 Company, of which 
 he became president, 
 moved it to Worces- 
 ter in 1887. This 
 concern has built up 
 a comparatively new 
 industry in this coun- 
 try in the manufac- 
 ture of fine leather 
 goods of all descrip- 
 tions which promises 
 to be per m a n e n t, 
 the business having 
 already outstripped 
 that of J. J. Warren & Son. The company uses many 
 varieties of leather, and makes all sorts of articles into 
 which this material enters. Mr. Warren is a modest 
 gentleman, and has always refused public office. The 
 only exception he made was when he accepted the trus- 
 teeship of the Hitchcock Free High School in his native 
 town. Mr. Warren married, in 1844, Mary Kmmons, of 
 Hinsdale, Mass. They have three daughters and one 
 son, the latter associated with his father in business. 
 
WORCESTER. 
 
 321 
 
 JOHN DAVIS WASHBURN was born in Boston, 
 March 27, 1833, the eldest son of John Marshall 
 and Harriet (Kimball) Washburn. The family removed 
 to the town of Lancaster, in Worcester County, in 
 1838, and there Mr. Washburn passed his boyhood and 
 received his earlier education. He was an apt student, 
 finishing the course at Harvard when only twenty years 
 of age, being graduated in the class of 1853. He en- 
 tered upon the study of law with Hon. Emory Wash- 
 burn, afterward in the 
 office of Hon. George 
 F. Hoar, and finally 
 in the Harvard Law 
 School, where he re- 
 ceived the degree of 
 LL. B. in 1856. Ad- 
 mitted to the Worces- 
 ter bar, he practised 
 his p r of es s ion in 
 partnership with the 
 late Hon. Henry C. 
 Rice. He early 
 turned his attention 
 to insurance, and be- 
 came prominent a s 
 an insurance attor- 
 ney, finally succeed- 
 ing the late Hon. 
 Alexander H. B u 1- 
 lock as attorney and 
 agent for several 
 large companies. 
 His title of colonel 
 he received as a 
 member of Governor 
 Bullock's s t a ff, on 
 which he served from 
 1866 to 1869. In 
 1871 he was ap- 
 pointed trustee of 
 
 the Worcester Lunatic Hospital, and served continu- 
 ously until 1881. From 1875 to 1885 he was a trustee of 
 the Massachusetts School for Feeble-Minded. He' was 
 in the lower branch of the State Legislature from 1876 
 to 1879, and served one term in the Senate from the 
 Worcester city district in 1884. Politically, Colonel 
 Washburn has always been an ardent Republican, taking 
 an active interest in the success of his partv, and being 
 a valued participant in its councils. Mr. Washburn has 
 
 JOHN D, WASHBURN 
 
 held many positions of trust. He was a director of the 
 Citizens' National Bank from 1866 to 1880; a member 
 of the Board of Investment of the Worcester County 
 Institution for Savings since 1871; trustee, and for fif- 
 teen years treasurer, of the Washburn Memorial Hos- 
 pital ; a director, since 1862, of the Merchants' and 
 Farmers' Insurance Company, in which he succeeded 
 the late Hon. Isaac Davis as president in 1883. He is 
 also councillor and recording secretary of the American 
 
 Antiquarian Society) 
 councillor of the 
 Massachusetts His- 
 torical Society, an 
 original member of 
 the American His- 
 torical Association, 
 corresponding mem- 
 ber of the Georgia 
 Historical Society, 
 trustee and first sec- 
 retary of Clark Uni- 
 versity, and for many 
 years was a director 
 of the Harvard 
 Alumni Association. 
 In 1889 he was ap- 
 pointed United 
 States minister to 
 Switzerland by Presi- 
 dent Harrison, a po- 
 sition which he filled 
 until his resignation 
 in the autumn of 
 1892, having held it 
 a year longer than he 
 had at first intended. 
 Colonel Washburn 
 married, in i860, 
 Mary, daughter of 
 Charles L. Putnam, 
 and has one daughter, Edith, wife of Richard W. Greene, 
 of Worcester. Colonel Washburn is a man of scholarly 
 tastes, and possesses a hearty and genial manner which 
 renders him a popular attendant on gatherings of a so- 
 cial character. He is an excellent presiding officer on 
 all occasions, and his presence always assures the suc- 
 cess of any movement or meeting in which he partici- 
 pates. He is considered one of the best authorities in 
 the State on historical questions. 
 
;22 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 HOMER TAYLOR FULLER was born in Lenip- 
 ster, N. H., Nov. 15, 1838, the son of Sylvanus 
 and Sarah M. (Taylor) Fuller, and is a direct descendant 
 of Dr. Samuel Fuller, the physician of the " Mayflower" 
 company who settled Plymouth. Mr. Fuller finished 
 his preparatory studies at Kimball Union Academy, 
 Meriden, N. H., and was graduated at Dartmouth in 
 1864. He had taught school at intervals during his 
 college course, and on graduation continued to do so- 
 He was principal of 
 Fredonia ( N . Y . ) 
 Academy for three 
 years. With a view 
 to entering the 
 ministry, he studied 
 at Andover T h e o - 
 logical Seminary and 
 at Union Seminary 
 in New York for 
 portions of two 
 years ; also devoting 
 part of this time to 
 teaching at Meriden 
 and at St. Johnsbury, 
 Vt. From 1869 to 
 187 1 he was acting 
 pastor of the Con- 
 gregational Church 
 at Peshtigo, Wis., 
 but then decided to 
 adopt teaching as 
 his profession, and 
 accepted the princi- 
 palship of St. Johns- 
 bury (Vt.) Academy. 
 This school under 
 his guidance in- 
 creased in numbers 
 from fi f t y to two 
 hundred and fi f t y 
 
 pupils, and came to the very front rank of schools for 
 secondary instruction. In 1879-80 he spent a year in 
 study and travel abroad, and visited England, the Con- 
 tinent, Greece and its islands, Egypt, Palestine, Syria 
 and Asia Minor. In 1882 he became principal — after- 
 wards president — of the Worcester Polytechnic Insti- 
 tute, and before entering upon his duties spent five 
 months in the examination of scientific and technical 
 schools in Europe. In that time he visited similar 
 
 HOMER T. FULLER. 
 
 institutions in Manchester, Birmingham, Bradford and 
 London in England, in Paris, .Aachen, Zurich, Munich, 
 Vienna, Dresden, Hanover, Berlin, Hamburg, Copen- 
 hagen, St. Petersburg and Moscow, and in his inaugural 
 address in June, 1883, showed how much technical 
 training had done, or was beginning to do, for the indus- 
 tries of these foreign countries. Dr. Fuller received the 
 degree of Ph. D. from his alma mater in 1880. The 
 institute has greatly prospered since he took charge of 
 
 it, the numbers of 
 students and instruc- 
 tors and the accom- 
 modations having 
 fully doubled in the 
 ten years of his ad- 
 ministrati on . He 
 reads five or si.x lan- 
 guages with facility, 
 and has some knowl- 
 edge of two or three 
 more. He has made 
 geology, mineralogy 
 and metallurgy spe- 
 cial studies from the 
 college on, and has 
 read widely in his- 
 tory and economics. 
 He is devoted to his 
 administrative work 
 and to instruction, 
 and has published 
 little except occa- 
 sional scientific pa- 
 pers and addresses. 
 He is now preparing 
 a monograph on 
 Russian technical 
 education. He is a 
 member of the 
 American Institute 
 of Mining Engineers, of the .American .-Academy of 
 Political Science, and a fellow of the Geological So- 
 ciety of America, and of the American Association for 
 the Advancement of Science. He has also, for some 
 years, been one of the vice-presidents of the American 
 Institute of Instruction, is a member of the Worcester 
 Club, and has served on the School Committee of Wor- 
 cester. He married, June 20, 1870, Miss Etta Jones, of 
 Fredonia, N. Y., and has two daughters and one son. 
 
WORCESTER. 
 
 323 
 
 JEVARTS GREENE was born in Boston, Nov. 27, 
 , 1834, son of Rev. David and Mary Evarts 
 Greene. The family removed to Roxbury soon after 
 Mr. Greene's birth, and he received his education in the 
 public schools and the excellent Latin School of that 
 town. In 1849 Mr. Greene entered the University of 
 the City of New York, and after a year at that insti- 
 tution went to Vale College, where he was graduated 
 in the class of 1853. He taught school for four years, 
 in Connecticut and 
 in Iowa, and then 
 spent two years i n 
 the employ of the 
 government, survey- 
 ing public lands in 
 Kansas. At that time 
 the plains were still 
 covered with buffalo, 
 and the Indians met 
 with there were still 
 armed with the primi- 
 tive bow and arrow. 
 Mr. Greene returned 
 to Massachusetts in 
 1859, and after less 
 than a year's study 
 was admitted to the 
 Worcester bar. He 
 settled upon North 
 Brookfield for a loca- 
 tion, and began to 
 practise his profes- 
 sion there. When 
 the call for volunteers 
 came, in 1861, Mr. 
 Greene was the first 
 man in North Brook- 
 field to enlist. He 
 aided in raising a 
 company in the T'if- 
 
 teenth Regiment, and was commissioned first lieutenant 
 of the company. Oct. 2, 1861, the regiment partici- 
 pated in the disastrous battle of Ball's Bluff, in which 
 it was badly shattered. Lieutenant Greene, with a de- 
 tachment of his company, remained on the south bank 
 of the river, covering the escape of his comrades, and 
 with his little force was taken prisoner. With other 
 ofificers taken in the battle. Lieutenant CJreene was held 
 prisoner of war in Richmond for four months. Re- 
 
 J. EVARTS GREENE. 
 
 leased on parole, the prisoners left Richmond, Feb. 22, 
 1862, the day Jefferson Davis was inaugurated. Mr. 
 Greene's gallant service at Ball's Bluff had been recog- 
 nized by a captain's commission, issued while he was in 
 prison. Finding it impossible, however, to secure an 
 exchange, and weary of waiting. Captain Greene re- 
 signed and returned to North Brookfield, and resumed 
 the practice of his profession. In April, 1864, Mr. 
 Greene married Mary A. Bassett, of New Haven. He 
 
 continued in prac- 
 tice at North Brook- 
 field until May, 1868, 
 when he removed to 
 Worcester to become 
 the associate of Hon. 
 John D. Baldwin in 
 the editorship of the 
 Worcester Spy. On 
 Mr. Baldwin's death 
 Mr. Greene became 
 editor-in-chief, a po- 
 sition which he filled 
 until 1 89 1. It was a 
 post for which his 
 scholarly tastes, well- 
 trained mind, and 
 ready knowledge of 
 men and events emi- 
 nent 1 y fitted him. 
 His style is direct 
 and forcible, and he 
 possesses a readiness 
 and aptness of ex- 
 pression which 
 makes his written 
 English a delight to 
 the reader. Mr. 
 (jreene was ap- 
 pointed postmaster 
 of Worcester, Feb. 5, 
 1 89 1. Under his administration the efficiency of the 
 service has materially improved, owing to the systema- 
 tizing of the work. The carrier service has been im- 
 jjroved and extended, and the number of collections 
 increased. Mr. Greene is a member of the American 
 Antiquarian Society, and of the St. Wulstan Society, and 
 has twice been president of the Board of Directors of 
 the Free Public Library of Worcester. In politics Mr. 
 Greene is a Republican. 
 
324 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 GENERAL ROBERT HORACE CHAMBERLAIN, 
 sheriff of Worcester County, was born in Wor- 
 cester, June 1 6, 1838. His ancestors on both sides of 
 the family had been for several generations residents of 
 Worcester, so he may truly claim to be born of old 
 Worcester stock. His father was General Thomas 
 Chamberlain, one of the solid men of A\'orcester 
 County, who, like his father before him, was a select- 
 man of the town and a citizen of prominence, ^^'hen 
 the town became a 
 city he was president 
 of its first Common 
 Council. The mother 
 of the subject of this 
 sketch was Hannah 
 Blair, also of an old 
 county family. Rob- 
 ert H. Chamberlain 
 received his educa- 
 tion in the public 
 schools of Worcester, 
 and at Worcester 
 Academy and West- 
 field .Academy, ."^t 
 eighteen he entered 
 upon an apprentice- 
 ship to Ball & Bal- 
 lard, machinists, and 
 learned the trade 
 thoroughly, as he al- 
 ways does everything. 
 Then the war broke 
 out, and Mr. Cham- 
 berlain enlisted in 
 Company A, of the 
 Fifty-first Regiment. 
 He was sergeant 
 while in the Fifty- 
 first, but later re- 
 enlisted in the Six- 
 tieth and was commissioned captain of Company F. 
 The taste for military affairs, which he acquired in the 
 service, induced him to continue after the war ended. 
 He was active in State militia circles for over a decade. 
 He was captain of the Worcester City Guards, major 
 and afterward colonel of the Tenth Regiment, and 
 finally was brigadier-general of the State militia, a posi- 
 tion he resigned in 1S76. He was active in organizing 
 Battery B, of Worcester, which still retains the name of 
 
 ROBERT H. CHAMBERLAIN 
 
 Chamberlain Light Battery. General Chamberlain has 
 received high Masonic honors. He joined the order in 
 1862 and the commandery in 1865. He has taken the 
 thirty-second degree, Scottish Rite, and holds one of 
 the highest offices attainable in Knight Templarship, — 
 that of grand commander of the Grand Commandery 
 of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. He is treasurer 
 of the Worcester Masonic Relief P'und. General 
 Chamberlain was a charter member of Post 10, G. 
 
 A. R. For three 
 years he was presi- 
 dent of the Worces- 
 ter County Mechan- 
 ics' Association. His 
 public service began 
 in 1869, when he 
 represented Ward 
 Three in the Com- 
 mon Council, an 
 office to which he 
 was re-elected in the 
 following year. Then 
 Mayor Blake, to 
 whom the city is 
 chiefly indebted for 
 its excellent sewerage 
 system, made him 
 sup erintendent of 
 sewers. \i< executive 
 officer of this impor- 
 tant department of 
 the city. General 
 Chamberlain was 
 most efficient. Dur- 
 ing his sixteen years 
 of ser\ice he ex- 
 tended the system 
 some sixtymiles. He 
 continued in charge 
 of the sewer depart- 
 ment until 1888, when he resigned to become deputy- 
 sheriff and keeper of the House of Correction. Although 
 Sheriff Sprague, who appointed him, was defeated for 
 re-election. Sheriff Nye wisely retained General Cham- 
 berlain in his position at the jail. In the fall of 1892, 
 after a spirited canvass, General Chamberlain received 
 the Republican nomination for sheriff and was elected. 
 He married Esther Browning, of Hubbardston, and they 
 have two daughters. 
 
WORCESTER. 
 
 32s 
 
 FRANCIS HENSHAW DEWEY, second of the 
 name, was born in Worcester, March 23, 1856. 
 He is the son of the late Judge Francis H. and Sarah 
 B. (Tufts) Dewey. He received his early education in 
 private schools, and then entered St. Marks School, at 
 Southboro, in 1868. Here he spent four years in prepa- 
 ration for college, and then entered Williams College, 
 his father's alma mafcr. Mr. Dewey took a high rank 
 in college, being one of the first six of his class, and so 
 became a member of 
 the Phi Beta Kappa 
 Society, the one col- 
 lege society in which 
 membership is deter- 
 mined by rank. Mr. 
 Dewey graduated in 
 the class of 1876, 
 and three years later 
 received from his 
 college the degree 
 of master of arts. 
 As Mr. Dewey's an- 
 cestors for several 
 generations had been 
 engaged in the pro- 
 fession of the law, it 
 was natural that ujion 
 graduation he should 
 choose the same 
 profession, and he 
 began his studies in 
 the office of Staples 
 & Goulding, in Wor- 
 cester. After a year 
 of office study he 
 entered the Harvard 
 Law School, and by 
 assiduous work cov- 
 ered the two years' 
 law course in that 
 
 institution in one year, receiving the degree of LL. B. 
 in 1878. After a few months more in the office of 
 Staples & Goulding he was admitted to the Worcester 
 bar in February, 1879. He began the practice of his 
 profession in Worcester, where he has since continued. 
 Mr. Dewey is a man of the firmness and stability of 
 character that invites confidence, and probably occu- 
 pies more positions of trust than any other among the 
 young professional men of the city. He became solic- 
 
 FRANCIS H. DEWEY 
 
 itor of the Worcester Mechanics' Savings Bank in 1880, 
 clerk of the corporation in 1882, and a trustee of the 
 institution in 1888. He succeeded his father in 1888, 
 on the decease of the latter, as director, and in April 
 of that year was chosen president of the Mechanics' 
 National Bank. He is also a director of the Worcester 
 Gas Company, of the Norwich & Worcester Railroad 
 Company, a director and the treasurer of the proprie- 
 tors of the Bay^State House, and holds the same posi- 
 tions in the Worces- 
 ter Theatre Associa- 
 tion. In the 1 a s t - 
 named corporation 
 he look an active 
 part in the reorgani- 
 zation of two years 
 ago, which resulted 
 in giving the city its 
 present beautiful 
 theatre. Mr. Dewey 
 is chairman of the 
 Board of Assessors, 
 of the Second Parish 
 (Unitarian) Church, 
 and superintendent 
 of the Sunday school. 
 He is also much in- 
 terested in charital)le 
 work, being a direc- 
 tor of the Associated 
 Charities of Worces- 
 ter. Though often 
 urged to accept polit- 
 ical office, he has felt 
 obliged, on account 
 of the business in- 
 terests with which he 
 is identified, to de- 
 cline. He is a mem- 
 ber of the American 
 Antiquarian Society, of the \\'orcester Fire Society, 
 the Worcester Club and the Quinsigamond Boat Club. 
 Among other positions of a fiduciary character he 
 includes the trusteeship of numerous estates. Mr. 
 Dewey married, Dec. 12, 1878, Lizzie D. Bliss, daughter 
 of the late Harrison Bliss, of Worcester. They have 
 one son and one daughter. Few men of his years carry 
 on their shoulders such a load of important and diver- 
 sified interests as Mr. Dewey. 
 
326 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ALFRED S. PINKERTON, president of the Mas- 
 sachusetts State Senate, was born in Lancaster, 
 Penn., March 19, 1856. After the death of his father, 
 he accompanied his mother to \\'orcester, where he was 
 employed as book-keeper in a manufacturing establish- 
 ment. Being ambitious to enter the legal profession, he 
 utilized his spare hours in study, and by dint of close 
 application, aided by the advice and assistance of the 
 late Hon. Peter C. Bacon, he was enabled to fit liimself 
 for the bar, to which 
 he was admitted in 
 1881. He immedi- 
 ately began the prac- 
 tice of law, and soon 
 rose to a position of 
 recognized pro m i- 
 nence. In 1887 he 
 was elected to the 
 House of Represen- 
 tatives, and was re- 
 elected in 1888 and 
 1889 by increased 
 majorities. He 
 served on the com- 
 mittees on the Judici- 
 ary and on Constitu- 
 tional Amendments, 
 and was house chair- 
 man of the Commit- 
 tee on Water Supply. 
 In I 8 9 o h e was 
 elected to the Senate, 
 where he was chair- 
 man of the Commit- 
 tee on Constitutional 
 Amendments a n d 
 served on the com- ■ 
 mittees on the Judi- 
 ciary and on Probate 
 and Insolvency. Re- 
 elected in 1 89 1, he was appointed chairman of the 
 Committee on Judiciary, the highest honor in the gift 
 of the president, and upon the creation of the Joint 
 Special Committee, to consider the organization of the 
 various State boards and commissions, was made its 
 chairman. In this year he was also a member of the 
 Committee on Probate and Insolvency. The further 
 consideration of the subject of State commissions being 
 referred to a Joint Special Committee, to sit during the 
 
 ALFRED S. PINKERTON 
 
 recess, Mr. Pinkerton served as its chairman, jiresenting 
 to the next Legislature a report of its findings. In 1892 
 he was elected president of the Senate by the unani- 
 mous \ote of his associates. Republicans and Democrats 
 alike. As the presiding officer of the Senate, he has 
 commanded respect and admiration for fairness, careful 
 rulings and knowledge of parliamentary law and proced- 
 ure. Mr. Pinkerton was elected to the .Senate for 1893, 
 and was again chosen as the president of that body. He 
 
 has been secretary 
 and chairman of the 
 Worcester County 
 Republican Commit- 
 tee. In appearance, 
 Mr. Pinkerton is 
 pleasing, and while 
 he has a somewhat 
 stern countenance, 
 is genial and warm- 
 hearted. He is a 
 member of AV'orces- 
 ter Lodge, No. 56, 
 I.O. (). F., and of 
 Wachusett Encamp- 
 ment. In 1882 he 
 entered t h e Grand 
 Lodge and Grand 
 Encampment, where 
 he at once took rank, 
 and was a member 
 of the committee 
 which in 1887 re- 
 ported in favor of the 
 establishment of a 
 " home for aged and 
 infirm members of 
 the fraternity." He 
 has been grand mas- 
 terof the Grand 
 Lodge of Massachu- 
 setts — the youngest man who ever occupied that ex- 
 alted chair, and has for a number of years been chairman 
 of the Finance Committee of that body. Since 1889 he 
 has represented this jurisdiction in the Sovereign Lodge. 
 He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, belong- 
 ing to Athelstan Lodge, of which he is past master ; to 
 the council and chapter, and to Worcester County Com- 
 mandery of Knights Templar. Mr. Pinkerton is a pub- 
 lic speaker of established reputation. 
 
NK^\■BURYPOR'^ dates its existence as a city from its grant of charter, May 24, 185 1 ; as a town, from its 
 incorporation, Jan. 28, 1764; but it had been settled for nearly one hundred and twenty years previously, 
 as a part of Newbury, which was incorporated as a plantation May 6, 1635. The original settlement of Newbury 
 was along the banks of the river Parker, and its people were mainly agricultural. Within a few years several fami- 
 lies migrated four miles further to the north, to the shore of the larger stream, the Merrimac, and formed a fishing 
 settlement. 
 
 From this grew a mercantile and commercial community, which for a period formed the third seaport 
 town in wealth and importance in the colonies. For over two hundred years Newburyport depended for its 
 prosperity upon the sea. .\long the river banks a ceaseless activity pervaded its score of ship-yards. Its vessels 
 sailed to every quarter of the globe and brought home the products of nature or the results of the industry of 
 every people. It was a market for the whole Merrimac valley, the farmers of New Hampshire and Vermont as 
 well bringing the fruits of their farms to exchange for the necessities or luxuries which were daily piled upon its 
 wharves or stored in its warehouses. When wars with the mother country came, from peaceful sailors its mariners 
 and shipmasters became naval heroes, and privateering, according to the established methods of warfare of the 
 times, made many rich. But ill-fortune did not overlook the rich and prosperous place. In 181 1 a fire, greater 
 in extent, more widespread in its results, than either those of Boston or Chicago, in later years, in proportion to 
 wealth and population, dealt a withering blow to its people. The embargo and non-intercourse acts left ships 
 rotting at its wharves, the general hard times of the first quarter of the century were felt with cruel force, and 
 Newburyport's commercial greatness was destroyed. The shipbuilding art continued, with varied degrees of pros- 
 perity, reaching its highest mark in the fifties, but since then it has steadily declined, until now no ship rests on 
 the stocks. Its commerce has been wholly obliterated, and its once great fishing mdustry is a tale which is told. 
 
 Towards the middle of the century Newburj'port began to experience its new birth, that of a manufacturing 
 community. Four large cotton mills were built. Later, at about the period of the war, the shoe industry was 
 inaugurated. Its growth was slow at first, but in the past dozen years has been rapid, until now Newburyport ranks 
 among the important shoe centres of the State. Other industries have been established, among which are the 
 manufacture of silver ware, of street railroad cars, horn combs, and a half dozen different products, and to-day 
 Newburyport's prospects as a manufacturing community are encouraging. Its population numbers some 15,000, 
 its taxable wealth is about Sio,ooo,ooo. A bare list of the names of those men claimed by Newburyport who have 
 become eminent in their country's history would more than fill the space alloted to this article. Caleb Cushing, 
 the statesman ; Theophilus Parsons, the jurist ; William Lloyd Garrison, the philanthropist ; William Wheelwright, 
 the cosmopolitan ; Tracy, Marquand, Brown, Bartlett, Lunt, the Cushings, great merchants, all ; Titcomb, Lunt, 
 Nichols, Moses Brown, Greely, svarriors by land or sea, the last named of Arctic fame — these are but a few of 
 the many. In "times which try men's souls," the patriotism of Newburyport has never been questioned. With 
 a population of but about 2,500, there were 717 enhstments from the town during the seven years of the Revolu- 
 tionary War. In the W'ar of the Rebellion there were 1,343 enlistments in the army and 242 in the navy, a total 
 of 1,585, and the war debt of the city reached $123,000. While Newburyport is proud of its history, it is not 
 unmindful of the demands of the present, nor lacking in faith for the future. It is not the fate or fortune of many 
 communities to experience so radical and far-reaching a change as that from a tow^n wholly commercial to a city 
 entirely industrial. The transformation could not be accomplished without a wrench, the adjustment could not be 
 reached and the march of progress resumed at the waving of a wand. If the gain has not been so rapid as that 
 of sister cities, there have been good reasons, but with her face to the future she awaits its unfolding with 
 confidence. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ORRIN J. GURNEY, mayor of Newburyport, was 
 born in that city in 1849. He received his edu- 
 cation in the common schools, and in 1873 engaged in 
 business for himself as a manufacturer of paper and 
 wooden boxes. He has carried on this industry to the 
 present time. In 1880, desiring more commodious 
 quarters for his business, he purchased a church building 
 on Congress Street, it having fallen into disuse by a con- 
 solidation of two societies. This he fitted up to'meet 
 his wants, but with- 
 out changing the 
 exterior, even the 
 steeple being left 
 standing, so that the 
 stranger, as he passes 
 along and pauses to 
 look at an old church 
 building, is startled 
 and amused on read- 
 ing a sign affixed to 
 the wall to learn that 
 the building is not 
 devoted to the usual 
 purposes the style of 
 architecture is wont 
 to proclaim, but that 
 instead it is the home 
 of a busy industry. 
 Mr. G u r n e y w a s 
 elected to the Com- 
 mon Council of 1883. 
 He entered that 
 body with a mission, 
 which was to reform 
 t h e unbusiness-like 
 and careless way of 
 assessing taxes, 
 which, in the course 
 of years, had come 
 to be a great evil. 
 
 At the May meeting, on his motion, an order was 
 passed instructing the assessors to fallow strictly the 
 public statutes relating to the exemption of property 
 from taxation. This was followed, against strong oppo- 
 sition, by a vote, carried in September, ordering printed 
 a list of all real and personal property in the city, the 
 amounts taxed thereon, the owners' names, with a list 
 of exemptions accompanied by reasons therefor. The 
 appearance of this " Doomsday Book " created a great 
 
 '^S^.^'. 
 
 ORRIN J. GURNEY 
 
 sensation, but its objects were accomplished. When 
 every man could see just what every other man's prop- 
 erty was valued at, with the opportunities for compari- 
 son, a sentiment was created which led the boards of 
 assessors thereafter to use the utmost care in their work, 
 and the benefits therefrom prevail to the present time. 
 That the people appreciated Mr. Gurney's efforts was 
 patent in the fact that they elected him to the Board of 
 Aldermen at the election following. In 1887, 1888, 
 
 1889, 1890 and 1891 
 he again was a mem- 
 ber of the Common 
 Council, and was 
 honored with the 
 presidency of that 
 board in 1888, 1890, 
 1891. At the mu- 
 nicipal election in 
 1 89 1, he was chosen 
 mayor for the ensu- 
 i n g year. Mayor 
 Gurney's inaugural 
 address showed at 
 once that his admin- 
 istration would be no 
 mere formality. It 
 was incisive and out- 
 spoken, and through- 
 out the year he gave 
 his best endeavors to 
 the city's interests. 
 Mayor Gurney is a 
 prominent Freema- 
 son, a member of 
 the Knights of 
 Honor, the United 
 Order of the Golden 
 Cross, and the New- 
 buryport Veteran Ar- 
 tillery Association, 
 Since identifying himself with the affairs of the city he 
 has been untiring in his efforts to accomplish what he 
 deemed best for the city's good, and though some have 
 differed with him as to methods, he has maintained the 
 respect of all. There is no disputing the fact that 
 Mayor Gurney is thoroughly alive to the best interests 
 of the city. The same fearless energy that characterized 
 his course in the Common Council and in the Board of 
 Aldermen has marked his administration as mayor. 
 
NEWBURYPORT. 
 
 329 
 
 GENERAL ADOLPHUS W. GREELY, the Arctic 
 explorer, was born in Newburyport, March 27, 
 1844. He was fitted for college in the public schools, 
 graduating in 1S60 from the Newburyport High School. 
 In July, 1861, he enlisted as private in the Nineteenth 
 Massachusetts Regiment, and served in the battles of 
 Ball's Bluff, Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Freder- 
 icksburg, and many other engagements. He was wounded 
 three times. In February, 1S63, he was commissioned 
 second lieutenant in 
 the Fifty-fourth 
 Massachusetts Regi- 
 ment (Shaw's colored 
 regiment), and in 
 March of the same 
 year was mustered a 
 second lieutenant in 
 the Fourth R e g i - 
 inent. United States 
 Volunteers, serving 
 through the siege of 
 Port Hudson. Pro- 
 moted to be first 
 lieutenant in April, 
 1864, and to be cap- 
 tain in March, 1865, 
 he was breveted 
 major, " for faithful 
 and meritorious ser- 
 vices during the 
 war." He served 
 with the Thirty-sixth 
 Regular Infantry 
 from March, 1867, 
 until August, 1 868, 
 when he was ordered 
 to duty with the 
 chief signal officer 
 of the army, under 
 whose orders he 
 
 served, with the exception of a few months, until, upon 
 the illness of General Hazen, in 1886, he was appointed 
 acting chief, and upon the latter's death was made chief 
 signal officer, with the rank of brigadier-general. That 
 is a bare outline of his military career, but it gives 
 scarcely a hint of his achievements in the realm of 
 science. These are too vast and multifarious even to 
 be catalogued in a brief biographical sketch. His suc- 
 cessful command of the international polar expedition 
 
 ADOLPHUS W. GREELY 
 
 to Lady Franklin Bay, undertaken in 188 1 and com- 
 pleted in 1883, during which he solved geographical 
 problems involving the progress of mankind in science 
 and civilization, and advanced the name of America to 
 the foremost rank of Arctic research ; his services for 
 meteorology, while at the head of the Weather Bureau, 
 — these are familiar to all. General Greely personally 
 invented a new telegraphic weather code which saved 
 the government about forty thousand dollars a year, and 
 
 so reorganized the 
 business methods of 
 the Bureau as to 
 reduce the annual 
 expenditures more 
 than one hundred 
 and seventy-four 
 thousand dollars. 
 Since the civil duties 
 of the Signal Corps 
 were transferred to 
 the Department of 
 Agriculture, General 
 Greely has resumed 
 his strictly military 
 duties as chief signal 
 officer of the army. 
 He is an honorary 
 member of the Royal 
 Swedish and Scottish 
 Geographical socie- 
 ties, and of the 
 British Science Asso- 
 ciation, and has been 
 the recipient of 
 many honors at the 
 liands of scientific 
 bodies the world 
 over. He is the au- 
 t h o r of many me- 
 moirs, mostly of a 
 scientific character. The most important of these are 
 " The Climate of Oregon and Washington," " The 
 Rainfall of the Pacific Coast and Western States," 
 "The Climate of Nebraska," "Climatology of the Arid 
 Regions, with reference to Irrigation " and "The Cli- 
 mate of Texas." He is also the author of " Three 
 Years of Arctic Service," "American Weather" and the 
 " Narrative and Observations of the International Polar 
 Expedition to Lady Franklin Bay." 
 
330 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ELISHA P. DODGE was born in Ipswich, Oct. 5, 
 1847, received his education in the public schools, 
 and at the age of sixteen years began his business career 
 as an assistant in the survey for the Schenectady & 
 Catskill Railroad, in New York State. He then became 
 a clerk in the shoe store of his brother, ^[. W. Dodge, 
 at Troy, a retail dealer and manufacturer, where he 
 obtained his first insight in that industry to which he 
 was afterwards to devote the best endeavors of his life, 
 and in which he was 
 destined to occupy 
 so prominent a posi- 
 tion. Mr. Dodge, in 
 1865, returned to 
 Massachusetts, a n d 
 became a partner 
 with his brother, Na- 
 than D. Dodge, in 
 the manufacture of 
 shoes at Lynn. Af- 
 ter some months he 
 sold his interest to 
 the latter, who re- 
 moved to Newbury- 
 port, and to the same 
 city came Elisha P., 
 May 24, 1866, enter- 
 ing the employ of 
 Dodge & Balch as 
 foreman. A year 
 and a half later he 
 was ready to estab- 
 lish a Imsiness of his 
 own, and Dec. i, 
 1867, at the age of 
 twenty, he com- 
 menced the manu- 
 facture of ladies' 
 shoes in a building 
 on Pleasant Street, 
 
 employing about thirty hands, and doing a business the 
 first year of some fifty thousand dollars. From that 
 time on Mr. Dodge has seen his business steadily in- 
 crease. In 1884 the firm, of which he was the head, 
 erected a four-story brick building on Pleasant Street. 
 Additions, extensions and factories built or purchased 
 became necessary from time to time, and in 1889 the 
 firm was changed to a corporation — the E. P. Dodge 
 Manufacturing Company being formed. A year later 
 
 ELISHA P. DODGE, 
 
 the Newburyport Shoe Company was established. Mr. 
 Dodge is president of, and the i^rincipal owner in, these 
 two corporations, and in the group of factories on Pleas- 
 ant Street, Tracy and Prince places, directs the largest 
 industry de\ oted to the manufacture of women's boots 
 and shoes in the country. The floor space of these 
 buildings covers some one hundred and seventeen thou- 
 sand square feet of surface, the yearly product of manu- 
 facture approximates one million five hundred thousand 
 
 dollars in value, and 
 from twelve hundred 
 to fifteen hundred 
 individuals are given 
 employment. Mr. 
 Dodge's public life 
 dates from 1872, 
 when he served as a 
 member of the Com- 
 mon Council. For 
 about ten years 
 thereafter he was a 
 member of t h c 
 school board, and in 
 1890 and 1 89 1 he 
 was mayor of New- 
 buryport. As chief 
 executive of the city 
 he will, perhaps, best 
 be remembered from 
 the fact, that largely 
 through his efforts 
 was inaugurated the 
 relaying of the streets 
 of the city in a per- 
 manent and scien- 
 tific manner, on a 
 system which is now 
 carried on without 
 interruption. M r . 
 Dodge has been a 
 director in the Mechanics' Bank since 1877, for many 
 years a trustee of the Institution for Savings, and is ac- 
 tively connected with other societies and organizations. 
 Four brothers have also been prominent as shoe manu- 
 facturers, and a new generation, in two sons of an elder 
 brother, give promise of further honoring the family 
 name in connection with this industry, •■^s business 
 man and as citizen, Mr. Dodge enjoys the highest 
 respect of the community in which he lives. 
 
NEWBURYPORT. 
 
 331 
 
 ANDREW F. ROSS, in common with not a few of 
 the active business men of Newburyport, is a 
 native of Maine. He was born in Shapleigh, York 
 County, in 1842, where his ancestors had been settled 
 for generations, and prominent in the business and 
 social history of the county. Mr. Ross in his boyhootl 
 received the usual education accorded to the mass of 
 youth in the country districts, and, at the age of four- 
 teen years, engaged in work with his father, O. R. Ross, 
 who was an extensive 
 dealer in lumber. 
 After a time he was 
 led to seek his for- 
 tune in city life, and 
 removed to Boston, 
 where for about a 
 year he served as a 
 clerk. Becoming 
 convinced that suc- 
 cess in life did not 
 depend alone on 
 location, and that 
 country towns offered 
 advantages w h i c h 
 cities did not, he re- 
 turned to Shapleigh, 
 at the age of eigh- 
 teen, to accept an 
 interest in his fa- 
 ther's business. H e 
 continued as a 
 lumber merchant for 
 about five years, 
 when, looking for a 
 promising invest- 
 ment for what capi- 
 tal he had accumu- 
 lated, he came to 
 Newburyport. Here 
 he met the late John 
 
 .A. Hill, and, in 1867, with him formed a partnership as 
 im[)orters, jobbers and manufacturers of teas, coffees, 
 spices and cream of tartar. By the death of Mr. Hill a 
 year and a half later, Mr. Ross was left to carry on the 
 business alone, which he has done since with unqualified 
 success, increasing and building it up from a modest 
 beginning, until the reputation of the "Hope Mills" 
 has come to be a not unimportant factor in extending 
 the name and fame of the old city of Newburyport. 
 
 
 ANDREW F. ROSS 
 
 Mr. Ross first engaged in business in a wooden building 
 on Hale's Court. Outgrowing this, he removed to the 
 Payne Block on AVater Street, where he continued for a 
 time, and later he purchased the brick building just 
 below, erected some years previously for general manu- 
 facturing purposes. Since occupying this building Mr. 
 Ross has increased its capacity by adding a wing, and 
 has also erected supplementary wooden buildings on 
 the premises, so that the plant is not only ample for his 
 
 own present and pos- 
 sible future needs, 
 but also affords quar- 
 ters for a manufac- 
 tory of fine shoes for 
 ladies. Here are 
 unloaded spices in 
 their crude state, 
 coffee as it conies 
 from the plantations, 
 cream of tartar in its 
 crystal form. The 
 spices are ground, 
 purified, and packed 
 in boxes and cases 
 ready for the grocer 
 to h a n d le . The 
 coffee is roasted and 
 ground, the cream of 
 tartar pulverized and 
 ]iut in the form famil- 
 iar to the housewife. 
 In connection with 
 this branch of the 
 trade Mr. Ross 
 conducts a gen- 
 eral wholesale busi- 
 ness, dealing in teas, 
 tobaccos, and vari- 
 ous household sup- 
 plies. His attention 
 has always been given almost wholly to his business 
 interests. For this reason he has had neither the time 
 nor inclination to seek political honors, but for many 
 years has been a director in the Ocean National Bank, 
 and a trustee of the Institution for Savings. Mr. Ross 
 has made one of the most conspicuous business successes 
 in Massachusetts — a success that is due solely to his 
 own industry and ability and to his faculty of recognizing 
 opportunities as they presented themselves. 
 
332 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ALBERT C. TITCOMB was born in Newburyport 
 in 1 83 1, of a family celebrated in the annals of 
 the town, the son of Francis and Sallie 1). Titcomb. 
 Receiving a common-school education, he commenced 
 business life as a clerk in a dry goods store, serving 
 later in the same capacity in Boston. The California 
 gold fever found him thus, earning scanty wages, but 
 with §50 he secured a passage on the brig " Charlotte," 
 from Newburyport, working out the balance of his fare 
 as a sailor before the 
 mast. On July 23, 
 1849, he landed at 
 San Francisco and 
 spent two years in 
 mining, but without 
 meeting with sudden 
 fortune. Removing 
 to Relejo, Central 
 America, he built up 
 a business as a ship- 
 per, but as this town 
 was soon left off the 
 main line of travel 
 and was speedily de- 
 populated, he found 
 his investments of 
 little value. In 1852 
 he returned to his 
 native city, learned 
 the machinist trade, 
 and worked at that 
 for three years. In 
 1855 he started as a 
 salesman for a jewelry 
 house, and in a short 
 time was established 
 for himself at Mobile, 
 .'\la. The breaking 
 out of the Civil War 
 again ruined him. 
 
 He left Mobile and abandoned a property of $20,000 to 
 confiscation, besides owing large sums to his New York 
 creditors. At St. Thomas and Curacoa, in the same 
 business, he retrieved his fortune and met all of his 
 former obligations in full, paying gold when gold was 
 at a heavy premium. In 1868 he again journeyed to 
 San Francisco. For seven years he was of the firm of 
 Titcomb & Williams, wholesale jewelers, and for twelve 
 years conducted the business alone, retiring in 1887 
 
 ALBERT C, TITCOMB. 
 
 with an ample fortune, and returning to his native place 
 to spend the balance of his life. Since 1849 Mr. 
 Titcomb has travelled to and from California upwards 
 of forty times, once going by way of Cape Horn, six 
 times through Central America or by way of Panama, 
 and thirty-five times by railroad. At the municipal 
 election of 1887 he was honored by being chosen an 
 alderman. Three months after taking his seat he was 
 elected mayor to fill the vacancy caused by the death 
 
 of William H. Huse, 
 and at the election 
 the next fall the peo- 
 ple endorsed his ad- 
 ministration by an 
 overwhelming vote. 
 At the close of his 
 term he declined fur- 
 ther political and 
 public honors to give 
 his whole attention 
 to the duties of the 
 treasurership of the 
 Lam son Consoli- 
 dated Store Sen'ice 
 Company, to which 
 he had been called. 
 Mr. Titcomb's suc- 
 cessful business ex- 
 perience and rare 
 judgment have been 
 of great value to this 
 company, which, 
 since his connection 
 with it, has reduced 
 its indebtedness 
 nearly half a million 
 dollars and has placed 
 its affairs on a solid 
 basis. Recently Mr. 
 Titcomb has p u r- 
 chased one of the historic old mansions of Newbury- 
 port, and is putting it into a condition for a comfortable 
 and elegant home, in which to spend his remaining 
 years, surrounded by his family and honored by his 
 hosts of friends, who admire no less than they respect 
 him. Few men in Newburyport have suffered so many 
 vicissitudes of fortune as has Mr. Titcomb, or have so 
 often risen superior to difficulties that have come be- 
 tween them and success. 
 
NEWBURYPORT. 
 
 333 
 
 EDWARD P. SHAW was born in Newburyport, 
 Sept. I, 1 84 1. At an early age he developed a 
 keen business instinct, and when but fifteen years old 
 commenced his career as a hack driver. In a few 
 years he was proprietor of an express route between 
 Newburyport and Boston, in 1870 was a partner in 
 the old mercantile house of Sumner, Swasey & Cur- 
 rier, succeeding them in 1878. In 1879 Mr. Shaw 
 turned his attention to the possibilities of summer pas- 
 senger traffic on the 
 Merrimac River, and 
 established the Peo- 
 ple's Line of steam- 
 ers. \Vhen the 
 government decided 
 on building jetties 
 at the mouth of the 
 Merrimac, Mr. Shaw 
 took a contract t o 
 deliver eighty thou- 
 sand tons of stone, 
 opened a new quarry 
 on the Mer r i mac, 
 and successfully ac- 
 complished the 
 building of the first 
 instalment of the un- 
 dertaking. At that 
 time a short railroad 
 line connected Salis- 
 bury Beach with the 
 Merrimac River. 
 This railroad Mr. 
 Shaw bought, and 
 thus found that 
 branch of business to 
 which he is pecul- 
 iarly adapted. The 
 Newburyport & 
 A m e s b u r y Street 
 
 Railway, in which the city held a large majority of the 
 stock, coming into the market by the e.xpiration of 
 leases, Mr. Shaw bought it. He at once increased its 
 efficiency and value, and after operating it for a time 
 sold it to a syndicate. He then turned his attention to 
 his summer traffic property, confident that it had not 
 yet been developed to its full worth. The Black Rocks 
 & Salisbury Beach Railroad had proved one of the best 
 paying lines in the Commonwealth in proportion to capi- 
 
 'rr 
 
 EDWARD P. SHAW 
 
 tal invested. This line he took as a nucleus for a 
 system. It was extended up the beach nearly to Hamp- 
 ton River. Then he built a line back into Salisbury. 
 From that point Amesbury was soon tapped, Seabrook 
 at the New Hampshire line, and later, Newburyport. 
 Meanwhile he had constructed a line to Plum Island on 
 the other bank. Recently the system has been further 
 extended by connecting Amesbury and Merrimac with 
 Haverhill, making a line thirty-three miles long. Nor 
 
 has Mr. Shaw con- 
 fined his efforts to 
 street railroad lines 
 near the mouth of 
 the Merrimac alone. 
 He is president of 
 the Haverhill & 
 Amesbury, Winches- 
 ter (at New Haven), 
 Hull, and New Lon- 
 don street railways ; 
 a director in the 
 Gloucester, Norwich, 
 Plymouth & King- 
 ston ; and a large 
 owner in the Worces- 
 ter, Leicester cS: Spen- 
 cer, Worcester& 
 Millbury, Natick, 
 Danbury & Bethel, 
 Augusta, Hallowell 
 and Gardner, New 
 Haven&West 
 Haven railways. He 
 organized the New- 
 buryport Car Com- 
 pany, manufacturers 
 of street cars, one of 
 the important indus- 
 tries of the city, and 
 is its president, and 
 he assured the success of other projects by prompt 
 action and readiness with financial assistance. Mr. 
 Shaw has taken a prominent part in public life. He 
 was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in the 
 years 1881, 1882, 1888, 1889, of the Senate in 1892, and 
 has been re-elected for 1893. He is president of the 
 Newburyport Board of Trade, and a director of the 
 First National Bank, and a large owner in real estate 
 throughout the city. 
 
O OGOOO ;j005 030(>^0.5 
 
 IN population Springfield ranks eighth among the cities 
 of Massachusetts. It is not going beyond the 
 bounds of truth, however, to state that the city ranks 
 second only to Boston in importance. Situated as it 
 is in the western part of the State, it has become the 
 metropolis of the 
 Connecticut Valley. 
 It is one of the most 
 progressive cities in 
 New England and is 
 one of the prettiest 
 and best governed. 
 \\'ith a population of 
 44,179, Springfield 
 has an assessed valu- 
 ation of $48,329,634, 
 and a net funded 
 debt of only $196,- 
 500. The percent- 
 age of the indebt- 
 ed n ess to the 
 valuation is only .40, 
 and the tax rate is 
 $12.50. Statistics 
 recently gathered 
 show that Springfield 
 ranks first in muni- 
 cipal and financial 
 prosperity. The 
 United States .•\r- 
 mory, located in this 
 city, is the repre- 
 sentative institution 
 of the kind in the 
 country, and it is to 
 this, with the excep- 
 tion, perhaps, of the railroads, that the city is most in- 
 debted for its prosperity. The Armory was established 
 by act of Congress in 1794, and the government now 
 owns the title to three hundred acres on and surround- 
 ing the site where the Armory stands. Several hundred 
 hands are employed here by the government. There 
 are two manufacturing interests located in Springfield 
 which have a national reputation. These are the Wason 
 
 jLAWSON SIBLEY 
 
 Manufacturing Company, which name is familiar to 
 everybody who has ever travelled on a steam railroad, 
 and the Smith & Wesson revolver manufactory. The 
 Board of Trade, the Improvement Association and the 
 Christian Industrial and Technical School are three of 
 
 the most recent in- 
 stitutions which are 
 doing the greatest 
 work for the Spring- 
 field of to-day. By 
 the former, with every 
 representative busi- 
 ness man on the 
 membership roll, no 
 o p ij <} r t u n i t y is al- 
 lowed to [jass unim- 
 proved that is likely 
 to tend toward the 
 city's increased finan- 
 cial or industrial 
 prosperity. The Im- 
 provement .Associa- 
 tion has a member- 
 ship of nearly four 
 hundred of the best 
 citizens of the town, 
 and its object is just 
 what its name im- 
 plies. The effective- 
 ness of its work is 
 best illustrated by 
 t h e beautiful parks 
 which are springing 
 up all over the city. 
 The Christian Indus- 
 trial and Technical 
 School is a free institution and is doing a good work in 
 giving a thorough scientific and industrial education to 
 students in the high school who wish to learn certain 
 trades, to kindergarten teachers, to manual training-school 
 teachers, and to those desiring to become mechanical or 
 electrical engineers. In other respects Springfield offers 
 advantages in the matter of edticational and literary ac- 
 quirements that are second to none in the country. The 
 
SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 335 
 
 city library is recognized as one of the best equipped of 
 libraries for students, and the public and private schools 
 of the city rank high. The school for Christian Work- 
 ers, the French Protestant College and the International 
 Young Men's Christian Association Training School are 
 located here. The first white men to see that portion 
 of the Connecticut Valley in which Springfield is located 
 were John Oldham and Samuel Hall, two adventurous 
 colonists who came westward from Boston in 1630. 
 These men returned with glowing descriptions of the 
 country through which they had passed, and in 1633 
 William Pynchon received the consent of the General 
 Court to remove to the Connecticut River. The follow- 
 ing year he came to this section, accompanied by his 
 son-in-law, Henry Smith, and by Mathew Mitchell, Jehu 
 Burr, William Blake, Edmund Wood, Thomas Ufford 
 and John Cable. They formed a municipal organization 
 and from that organization grew the present municipality. 
 The settlement was known as " the Plantation of 
 Agawam " until 1640, when it was given the name of 
 .Springfield in honor of Mr. Pynchon, who had formerly 
 lived in a town of that name in England. The date of 
 the incorporation of the town is shrouded in obscurity, 
 if, in fact, it was ever incorporated. Mr. Bliss, in his 
 address delivered at the opening of the town hall in 
 1828, said : "After searching thoroughly in Massachu- 
 setts and Connecticut I have come to the conclusion 
 that the town was never incorporated." The town was 
 first recognized as a municipality in 1641, from which 
 time it was known as " the town of Springfield " by the 
 Legislature. Hon. Lawson Sibley was the mayor of 
 Springfield in 1892. Springfield took a prominent part 
 in the War of the Revolution, and no more patriotic 
 citizens were to be found in any part of the then young 
 country than in this city. Prominent among the num- 
 ber who figured conspicuously in the affairs of Western 
 Massachusetts at that time was Hon. John Worthington, 
 whose name has been perpetuated in the history of the 
 city. He was a member of the governor's council, 
 colonel in the militia, and a magistrate of distinction 
 and ability, /^s a lawyer he won a name and wealth, 
 and was called one of the " Gods of the Connecticut 
 Valley." Colonel Worthington owned the first umbrella 
 in the town — not, however, for use in the rain, but as a 
 sunshade. A prominent representative of that time 
 
 and about the last of the " silk stocking, short breeches 
 and silver shoe-buckled gentry," was Jonathan Dwight. 
 He was the chief mover in the organization of the 
 Unitarian Church, and built the church edifice and pre- 
 sented it to the society. One of the ablest lawyers 
 prior to the Revolution was Jonathan Bliss, who studied 
 his profession with Colonel John Worthington. He 
 represented the town at Boston several times, and in 
 1768 was stigmatized as one of the famous " rescinders." 
 .•\ measure which had been regarded as revolutionary 
 in its character had been passed by the General Court, 
 and when the king and council called for the rescinding 
 of the action seventeen voted aye, Bliss among the 
 number, to ninety in the negati\e. This course ren- 
 dered him somewhat unpopular, and he went to England 
 and subsequently to Fredericktown, New Brunswick, 
 where he was chosen king's attorney and afterwards 
 chief justice of the Court of King's Bench. Among the 
 jjrominent men who have been residents of Springfield, 
 other than those whose names have already been men- 
 tioned, were Enos Hitchcock, D. D., Calvin Chapin, 
 D. D., \\'illiam Harris, D. D., Hon. Benjamin F. Wade, 
 United States senator from Ohio, Francis Warriner, an 
 able writer, Worthington Hooker, M. D., and Hon. 
 David A. Wells. Slaveholders lived in Massachusetts 
 during the revolutionary period as well as in the South, 
 but in fewer numbers. Jonathan Dwight was a slave- 
 holder to the extent of one full-blooded negro named 
 Andrew. Mr. Dwight, it is said, was among the number 
 who doubted the policy of arming against Great Britain, 
 and hearing that his cattle were to be seized by the 
 colonists, he dispatched the negro Andrew with them 
 to Stafford, Conn. In the early part of the nineteenth 
 century a runaway slave woman from Schenectady, 
 N. Y., came to Springfield, bringing her son, then a 
 small boy. She subsequently married Old Jack, who 
 had been a slave at Longmeadow. In February, 1808, 
 her old master, Peter Van Geysling, hearing of her 
 whereabouts, came and arrested her. The case caused 
 considerable excitement, as a subscription was raised 
 and her liberty purchased from Mr. Van Geysling for 
 $100. The spirit of abolition, which manifested itself 
 at such an early period, assumed definite shape about 
 the year 1840, when an abolition organization was 
 formed. 
 
336 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 REV. SAMUEL GILES BUCKINGHAM, D. D., 
 is not only the eldest clergyman, in point of 
 service in Springfield, but he is one of the oldest Con- 
 gregational ministers in the country, his term of service 
 as a minister having extended over a period of fifty-five 
 years. He was born at Lebanon, Conn., Nov. i8, 1812, 
 the son of Deacon Samuel Buckingham and Joanna 
 (Matson) Buckingham. His father traced his descent 
 from Thomas Buckingham, one of the original members 
 of the colony of New 
 Haven, and also from 
 Rev. Thomas Buck- 
 ingham, of Saylirook, 
 who was one of the 
 founders of Yale Col- 
 lege and one of its 
 rectors during the 
 period it was located 
 a t Saybrook. D r . 
 Buckingham studied 
 in the public schools 
 of his native town 
 and at the academy 
 at Plainfield, Conn. 
 On completing his 
 course there he en- 
 tered Yale College, 
 graduating in 1833, 
 and then entering 
 Yale Theological 
 Seminary, from which 
 he was graduated, in 
 1836. In May, 1837, 
 he was ordained and 
 settled as pastor of 
 the Second Congre- 
 gational Church at 
 Millbury, Mass., 
 where he remained 
 ten years. In 1842 
 
 the South Congregational Church was organized at 
 Springfield, and Rev. Mr. Buckingham was invited to 
 become its pastor. Feeling it his duty at that time to 
 remain at Millbury, he declined. Rev. Noah Porter, 
 LL. D., afterwards president of Yale College, and a 
 brother-in-law of Dr. Buckingham, accepted the charge, 
 but resigned four years later, when another urgent call 
 was extended to Dr. Buckingham. This time he 
 accepted, and was installed as pastor June 16, 1847. 
 
 SAMUEL G. BUCKINGHAM 
 
 Since that day he has been in continuous service as the 
 head of the parish, and has seen and helped its growth 
 from a young and feeble organization to one of the 
 largest, most powerful for good, and wealthiest parishes 
 in the State. Under his guidance the spiritual and 
 material interests of the church prospered, and instead 
 of the three Congregational churches which were in 
 Springfield when he came to the city, there are now 
 nine. In 1885 it was decided to give him an assistant, 
 
 and Rev. Edward G. 
 Selden was installed 
 as associate pastor, 
 since which time he 
 has taken charge of 
 the greater part of 
 the active work of 
 the church. Dr. 
 Buckingham re- 
 ceived his degree of 
 D. D. in 1869 from 
 Yale. For many 
 years he has been 
 one of the trustees 
 of VVilliston Semi- 
 nary at Easthamp- 
 ton, and he is one 
 of the corporate 
 m embers of the 
 American Board of 
 Commissioners for 
 Foreign Missions. 
 He has also been 
 active in many chari- 
 table and religious 
 
 •^Mf "ijy^ii^B^l bodies, and has held 
 
 ^^^Bjij^^:^ jB office in m any of 
 
 j^^^KS^^M Jlk.^^k them. In 1867 he 
 
 gave an address en- 
 titled "A Memorial 
 of the Pilgrim Fath- 
 ers," in which he gave a splendid exposition of the 
 ideas, religious and temporal, which animated the set- 
 tlers who landed at Plymouth Rock. Dr. Buckingham 
 has also delivered many addresses before religious bodies 
 on various topics, religious and secular. May 10, 1837, 
 Dr. Buckingham married Harriet, daughter of Rev. Dr. 
 Nathaniel \\. Taylor, jjrofessor of theology at the Yale 
 Seminary. In 1863 Mrs. Buckingham died. They had 
 one daughter, Harriet Taylor Buckingham. 
 
SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 337 
 
 FRPJDERICK HUNTINCnON (;ILI,ETT, elected 
 a member of Congress in 1892, is a young man 
 witli a remarkably good political record behind him and 
 with a brilliant future ahead. He was born at Westfield 
 in 1852, and is the son of Hon. E. B. (Hllett, one of 
 Massachusetts' most distinguished lawyers, and an orator 
 of no little ability. His mother was a daughter of 
 James Fowler, a prominent citizen of Westfield. He 
 was named after Bishop Frederick D. Huntington, of 
 Syracuse, N. V., and 
 Hadley, Mass., who 
 was a classmate of 
 his father at Am- 
 herst, and a life-long 
 friend of the family. 
 Mr. Gillett's early 
 education was ob- 
 tained in the public 
 schools of Westfield 
 and at home under 
 the guidance of his 
 father, who took a 
 deep interest in his 
 progress. The young 
 man early developed 
 a talent for graceful 
 oratory which he in- 
 herited fro ni h i s 
 father. After leaving 
 the public schools 
 Mr. Gillett entered 
 Amherst College, 
 from which he was 
 graduated with the 
 class of 1874. Mr. 
 Gillett then attended 
 the Harvard Law 
 School, from which 
 he was graduated 
 with honors in 1877. 
 
 On being admitted to the bar Mr. Gillett began the 
 practice of law in Springfield in jjartnership with Judge 
 E. B. Maynard. Mr. Gillett at once manifested a deep 
 interest in political affairs, and during his residence in 
 Springfield has been one of the most active workers in 
 the ranks of his party. In 1879 he was appointed 
 assistant attorney-general by the late Judge Marston. 
 On receiving this appointment Mr. Gillett removed to 
 Boston, where he remained until 1885. He resigned 
 
 FREDERICK H. GILLETT 
 
 his position as assistant attorney-general in 1881, after 
 having made a brilliant record. During the last four 
 years of his residence in Boston he practised law in 
 partnershij) with Judge A. L. Soule. On his return to 
 Springfield Mr. Gillett took an office with his father, 
 and owing to the latter's advanced age gradually took 
 charge of the entire practice. Mr. Gillett did not have 
 to win prominence at the commencement of the second 
 period of his life in Springfield. It had already come 
 
 to him. He was 
 honored with an 
 election to the 
 Springfield Common 
 Council, on w h i c h 
 board he served two 
 terms. He was tlien 
 elected representa- 
 tive to the General 
 Court, in which he 
 also served two 
 terms. He was a 
 recognized leader in 
 both offices. In the 
 Legislature of 1892 
 Mr. Gillett was chair- 
 man of the Judiciary 
 Committee, and has 
 probably had more 
 influence than any 
 other Republican in 
 shaping legislation. 
 In 1892 Mr. Gillett 
 was nominated by 
 the Republicans as 
 their candidate for 
 Congress from the 
 second district, and 
 he was elected by a 
 large majority. Mr. 
 Gillett is a very able 
 lawyer, an elo(|uent sjjcaker, and is destined to shine in 
 any public position. On his retirement from the attor- 
 ney-general's office Mr. Gillett was commended by the 
 judges of the Supreme Court bench for the care and 
 ability with which he prepared and presented his cases. 
 Mr. Gillett's friends all predict for him an active and 
 useful congressional career. He will certainly maintain 
 the high standard which his predecessors m the district 
 have set, and reflect credit upon his constituents. 
 
338 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JAMES KIRKHAM is the oldest bank president in 
 Springfield. There are, perhaps, others who have 
 been identified with banking interests as long or longer, 
 but none who have been continuously in harness at the 
 head of a bank for so many years. He is considered 
 one of the safest financiers in New England. Mr. Kirk- 
 ham was born at Newington, Conn., April 24, 182 1, the 
 son of William and Sophia (Leffingwell) Kirkham. He 
 came to Springfield with his parents when he was ten 
 years of age, and at- 
 tended the public 
 schools. He was 
 graduated from the 
 high school, and in 
 1837 took a position 
 as clerk w'th Henry 
 Sargent, a prominent 
 jeweller. Mr. Kirk- 
 ham remained in 
 this ])osition until 
 1845, when he went 
 into the business in 
 partnership with Earl 
 Woodworth. In 
 1852 Mr. Woodworth 
 retired from the firm, 
 and Mr. Kirkham 
 continued the busi- 
 ness, with his brother 
 William for a part- 
 ner, until 1857, when, 
 in midst of the mem- 
 orable panic he was 
 called to the presi- 
 dency of the Pynchon 
 Bank, of which he had 
 long been a stock- 
 holder and director. 
 He remained at the 
 head of this bank for 
 
 five years. In 1863 the First National Bank was formed, 
 Mr. Kirkham being elected president of the new insti- 
 tution. He has since remained the president of the 
 First National. The First National was the first bank 
 to apply for a charter under the new provisions that 
 went into effect through the war, and was the fourteenth 
 to receive its charter. Although Mr. Kirkham's finan- 
 cial history did not really begin until he became presi- 
 dent of the Pynchon Bank, he had long before won a 
 
 JAMES KIRKHAM 
 
 reputation as a capable and sound financier. In politics 
 Mr. Kirkham is a Democrat. He was president of the 
 Common Council in 1856, an alderman in 1883, and is 
 at the present time a member of the Park Commission. 
 He has often been urged to take other ofifices, but, while 
 always taking a deep interest in affairs, has preferred to 
 attend closely to his private business. Mr. Kirkham 
 has been one of the most prominent factors in the busi- 
 ness growth and prosperity of Springfield. He is con- 
 nected with several 
 local business con- 
 cerns, being a di- 
 
 ; rector of the follow- 
 
 1 ■ , 
 
 ; mg, among others : 
 
 ■ The Mutual Fire 
 
 I Assurance Associa- 
 
 ; tion, the Springfield 
 
 Street Railway Com- 
 pany, the City 
 Library Association, 
 and the Springfield 
 Gas Company. He 
 is also vice-president 
 and director of the 
 Chemical and 
 George C. Gill Pa- 
 per companies of 
 Holyoke. Mr. Kirk- 
 ham was a prime 
 mover in the estab- 
 lishment and incor- 
 poration of the Oak 
 Grove Cemetery As- 
 sociation, and has 
 been its treasurer 
 since its formation. 
 ' He is treasurer of 
 
 the French Prot- 
 estant College, and 
 president of the .Ag- 
 awam Woollen Company, of Agawam. He is now ( 1 8g 2 ) 
 associated with John Olmsted in the ownership of Kirk- 
 ham & Olmsted's block, and has been prominently iden- 
 tified with the advance of real estate interests in the city. 
 In 1846 Mr. Kirkham was married to Frances Kirkham, 
 daughter of John B. Kirkham. They have one son, — 
 J. W. Kirkham, of Springfield. Mr. Kirkham is con- 
 sidered one of the best authorities in Springfield on all 
 questions relating to commerce and finance. 
 
SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 339 
 
 HENRY STANLEY HYDE, one of the best-known 
 financiers in New England, has been president 
 of the Agawam National Bank for over twenty-two years, 
 and it is in a large measure due to his shrewd and able 
 management that the institution has taken the place it 
 has among the national banks of New England. The 
 Agawam was incorporated as a State bank, with a capital 
 of $100,000 in 1846, but was reorganized under the 
 National Banking Act in 1865, with a capital of $300,- 
 000, since increased 
 to $500,000. In 
 1869 Mr. Hyde was 
 called to the presi- 
 dency, and he has 
 filled the position 
 with great ability 
 ever since. Mr. 
 Hyde was born at 
 Mt. Hope, N. Y., 
 Aug. 1 8, 1837, the 
 son of Oliver M. and 
 Julia Ann (Sprague) 
 Hyde. In 1840 he 
 accompanied his 
 parents to Detroit, 
 Mich., where he was 
 educated in private 
 schools and began 
 work in a banking 
 h o u s e. Afterwards 
 he studied law for a 
 while, but abandoned 
 that profession. In 
 1862 he went to 
 Springfield, where he 
 immediately Viecame 
 connected with the 
 Wason Manufactur- 
 ing Company, rail- 
 way car builders, 
 
 with which he has been connected ever since. In 1864, 
 two years after his advent into the company, he became 
 treasurer of the concern, which position he still holds. 
 Mr. Hyde is also connected with a number of the lead- 
 ing business concerns of Springfield, being president of 
 the E. Stebbins Brass Manufacturing Company, and of 
 the Springfield Printing and Binding Company, vice- 
 president of the Hampden .Savings Bank, and of the 
 New England Telephone and (Telegraph Company, 
 
 HENRV S. HYDE 
 
 director of the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance 
 Company. Mr. Hyde is also treasurer of the Spring- 
 field Steam Power Company, and a director in several 
 manufacturing corporations in and out of the State. He 
 has been actively interested in the Springfield Hospital 
 since its establishment as a city hospital, and since its 
 incorporation in 1883 has been the president of the 
 Board of Trustees. In politics Mr. Hyde is a Repub- 
 lican, and has been a member of the Common Council 
 
 and Board of Alder- 
 men at various times, 
 and has represented 
 his district in the 
 State Senate. He 
 has also been a 
 member of the State 
 Central Committee, 
 and of the Republi- 
 can National Com- 
 mittee. In 1884 and 
 1888 Mr. Hyde was 
 delegate to the Na- 
 t i o n a 1 Republican 
 Convention at Chi- 
 cago. Mr. Hyde has 
 been prominent in 
 social life, being a 
 member of several 
 fraternal and social 
 organizations. In 
 his business affairs 
 he has been particu- 
 larly identified with 
 the .'\gawam Bank 
 and the ^V a s o n 
 Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, having paid 
 less attention to the 
 numerous other con- 
 cerns with which he 
 is connected. Mr. Hyile has been married twice, the 
 first time in Springfield, in i860, to Jennie S. Wason, 
 daughter of Thomas W. and Sarah Longley Wason. 
 Their children are Jerome W., Henry S., Thomas W. 
 and Fayolin Hyde ; and, in 1892, to Ellen Trask Chapin, 
 daughter of Hon. Eliphalet Trask, of Springfield. His 
 residence is at Brush Hill Farm, in West Springfield. 
 His honorable success in life makes him one of the 
 representative men of Springfield, 
 
340 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 COLONEL A. H. COE'ITING, chairman of the 
 executive committee of the Repubhcan State 
 Central Committee, is a yoimg man who has already 
 won a reputation for political shrewdness and clever 
 management. He is to-day one of the best-known 
 Republicans in the State, and is one of the most able 
 workers. In addition to his duties as chairman, he 
 paid especial attention to the campaign in the western 
 part of the State in 1892, and it is owing to his untiring 
 energy and zeal that 
 the State was carried 
 for Harrison by so 
 large a majority. 
 Colonel Goetting has 
 had good training in 
 the political school. 
 Before he became a 
 citizen of Springfield 
 he was a resident of 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 where he took a most 
 prominent and active 
 part in the campaign, 
 which resulted in the 
 election of Seth Low, 
 now president of Co- 
 lumbia College, as 
 mayor of the chief 
 city of Long Island, 
 and he was a mem- 
 ber of the New York 
 State delegation to 
 the Republican Na- 
 tional Convention of 
 1880, which included 
 6uch men as Ex- Pres- 
 ident Chester A. Ar- 
 thur, who was t h e 
 choice of that con- 
 vention for Vice- 
 President, and Roscoe Conkling. When he removed to 
 Springfield he lost none of his interest in politics. In 
 every campaign in which he has taken ])art, his business 
 affairs are attended to after he has attended to his pub- 
 lic duties. Colonel Goetting was elected a member of 
 the Republican City Committee soon after he became a 
 citizen of Springfield, and was secretary of that organi- 
 zation during the Blaine campaign. In 1889, when 
 William H.Haile was nominated for lieutenant-governor. 
 
 Colonel Goetting succeeded him as member of the 
 Republican State Committee. It was a tribute to the 
 ability of the new member that he was placed on the 
 executive committee of the State Committee immedi- 
 ately after his election. He at once proved his fitness 
 for the place and filled the position so well that he has 
 been made chairman of the Executive Committee, and 
 has from the first been recognized as a leader. At the 
 opening of the campaign of 1892 there was a strong. 
 
 movement to induce 
 him to accept the 
 chairmanship of the 
 State Co mmittee, 
 but he was too mod- 
 est to accept. When 
 Colonel Goetting 
 went to Springfield 
 he engaged in the 
 paper and leather 
 goods business, which 
 is at this time a large 
 and rapidly growing 
 business. He w o n 
 his military title as a 
 member of the staff 
 of Governor John (^. 
 A. Brackett in 1889. 
 During his service in 
 that capacity he was 
 elected a member of 
 the Ancient and Hon- 
 orable Artillery. 
 Colonel Goetting is 
 not only prominent 
 in the political affairs 
 of the State, but also 
 in the business and 
 social life of Spring- 
 field, and, in fact, of 
 the entire State. He 
 is a member of nearly all the leading institutions of the 
 city in which he resides, as well as of the principal politi- 
 cal and social organizations of the State. Both as politi- 
 cal manager and as business man. Colonel Goetting 
 enjoys the confidence of his fellow-citizens, and his name 
 has been frequently mentioned in connection with higher 
 political honors than any which he has thus far been in- 
 duced to accept. His friends anticipate for him a long 
 continued career of honorable activity and usefulness. 
 
 A, H, GOETTING. 
 
SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 341 
 
 HOMER FOOT, one of the men to whom Spring- 
 field owes a great deal of its material prosperity, 
 and one of the oldest and most respected business men 
 of the western part of the State, was born in Springfield, 
 July 27, 1 8 10, on the site of the United States Armory, 
 his father being master armorer. He was the son of 
 Adonijah and Clarissa (Woodworth) Foot. In 1825, 
 when he was only fifteen years of age, his father died, 
 and he became a clerk in the general store of the 
 Dvvights, at the cor- 
 ner of Main and 
 State streets. He 
 remained there until 
 1 83 1, when, becom- 
 ing of age, he took 
 charge of the busi- 
 ness. At various 
 times George Dwight 
 and J. B. Stebbins 
 were in partnership 
 with him. On assum- 
 ing control of the 
 business, Mr. Foot 
 confined his trade ex- 
 clusively to hardware, 
 iron and steel. He 
 was probably the 
 first in New Eng- 
 land, outside of Bos- 
 ton, to make this 
 departure. Mr. Foot 
 has remained in this 
 business continu- 
 ously since that time, 
 the present firm con- 
 sisting of himself anil 
 two sons, — Homer, 
 Jr., and Frank 
 Dwight Foot. In 
 1847 Mr. Foot built 
 
 Foot's Block, at the corner of Main and State streets, 
 which was one of the finest blocks in Springfield, and at 
 the present time stands visible as a monument to his 
 public-spirited enterprise. He was one of the earliest 
 officers of the Chicopee National Bank, and has been 
 connected with the Pynchon National Bank since it was 
 founded, being at present a director. He has also been 
 auditor of the Springfield Institution for Savings for 
 forty-five years. In 1857 the nomination of lieutenant- 
 
 HOMER FOOT 
 
 go\ernor was forced upon Mr. Foot by the Whigs and 
 the American party. Mr. Foot declined the honor, but 
 his declination was not accepted. Neither of the par- 
 ties was strong enough to elect any candidate at that 
 time, and Mr. Foot did not insist upon having his name 
 taken off the ticket. In politics he is an Independent, 
 and has always been reluctant to take office, although at 
 one time he consented to serve as overseer of the poor. 
 Mr. Foot was for many years treasurer of the Hampden 
 
 AVatch Company, and 
 it was largely through 
 his efforts that the 
 concern acquired its 
 extensive reputation. 
 He finally disposed 
 of his interest in this 
 concern, and a short 
 time afterwards i t 
 was removed from 
 Springfield to Can- 
 ton, Ohio. Mr. Foot 
 was married to Delia 
 Dwight, daughter of 
 James Scutt Dwight, 
 in 1834. They have 
 had ten children — 
 seven sons and three 
 daughters, all of 
 whom, with the ex- 
 ception of one son, 
 are still living. The 
 family is remarkable 
 for its longevity. 
 Mr. Foot is now 
 eighty-two years old. 
 His mother lived to 
 the age of jiinety- 
 four, and most of the 
 other members of 
 the family lived to a 
 ripe old age. Mr. Foot's sons are Emerson, Cleveland, 
 James, Sandford, Homer and Francis Dwight. His 
 daughters are Mrs. Leonard Ware, of Roxbury, Mass., 
 and Maria and Delia Dwight Foot. Not many men in 
 New England have remained so long — over sixty years 
 — in the same line of business, or have a more honor- 
 able record of success. Mr. Foot is now in the enjoy- 
 ment of the fruits of his labors, surrounded by his hosts 
 of friends. 
 
342 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JUDGE WILLIAM STEELE SHURTLEFF has, 
 with one or two exceptions, been on the bench 
 longer than any other judge in Massachusetts. He 
 was appointed judge of probate and insolvency for 
 Hampden County by Governor Andrew in 1863. He 
 has a peculiar military record. Entering the army soon 
 after the war broke out, as a private in Company A, 
 Forty-sixth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, he 
 was made lieutenant at company election, and at organ- 
 izing the field and 
 staff was promoted 
 to lieutenant-colonel, 
 and af te r s ervice 
 of three months 
 in the field was 
 promoted to the 
 colonelcy. He was 
 born at N e w b u r g , 
 \'t., Feb. 17, 1830. 
 He was the son of 
 Roswell and Clara 
 (Gleason) Shurtleff. 
 He is seventh in di- 
 rect descent from 
 William Shurtleff 
 (sometimes called 
 Shircliffe, of Eccles- 
 field, Yorkshire, Eng- 
 land ) , who came 
 with the Pilgrims in 
 the next vessel after 
 the " Mayflower." In 
 1839, after three 
 years' residence in 
 Rochester, N. Y., 
 he went to Springfield 
 with his parents and 
 was educated in pri- 
 vate schools in that 
 city and at Williston 
 
 Seminary at Easthampton, from which he entered Vale 
 in the class of 1854. After leaving college he studied 
 law in the office of that famous Massachusetts congress- 
 man, George Ashmun, and at the Harvard Law School. 
 He was admitted to the bar of Hampden County in 
 1856, forming a partnership with the late Judge Henry 
 Vose, and after the latter went on the Superior Court 
 bench, with George Walker, lately consul-general at 
 Paris. His judicial position made him ineligible to 
 
 WILLIAM S. SHURTLEFF 
 
 most other public offices. He, however, served three 
 years in the Common Council of Springfield, from 1875 
 to 1878, and has been prominently identified with 
 measures and movements affecting the best interests of 
 the city. He was in early life a prominent Mason, hav- 
 ing for a period been master of Hampden Lodge, high 
 priest of Morning Star Chapter, and commander of 
 Springfield Encampment of Knights Templar at one 
 and the same time. He is vice-president of the State 
 
 Board of Public Res- 
 ervations, created in 
 1 89 1 for the preser- 
 vation of places of 
 historical interest 
 and natural beauty ; 
 a member of the 
 Massachusetts His- 
 torical Society ; vice- 
 president of the 
 Connecticut Valley 
 Historical Society ; a 
 director of the City 
 Library Association ; 
 a member of the 
 Grand Army ; was 
 president of the 
 VVinthrop Club, the 
 leading social organ- 
 ization of the city for 
 four years, and was 
 for two years presi- 
 d e n t of the Yale 
 Alumni Association 
 o f Western Massa- 
 chusetts. For thirty- 
 f o u r years h e has 
 been the counsel for 
 the Springfield Insti- 
 tute for Savings. He 
 delivered the ode 
 when Springfield celebrated its two hundred and fiftieth 
 anniversary, the Memorial Day ode in 1878 in New 
 York City, an address at the dedication of the Wallace 
 Library, at Fitchburg, and the orations at the dedications 
 of soldiers' monuments at Springfield and Belchertown. 
 He is the author of a number of poems which have been 
 published in magazines and journals. He was married 
 to Clara Dwight, of Springfield, in 1857. They have 
 had two children, both daughters, one of whom is living. 
 
SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 343 
 
 GIDEON WELLS, one of the ablest lawyers \\'est- 
 ern Massachusetts has ever had, was born, Aug. 
 i6, 1835, at Weathersfield, Conn., the son of Romanta 
 and Mary Ann (Morgan) Wells. He fitted for college 
 at the East Windsor Hill School, at Easthampton, and 
 was graduated from Yale with the class of 1858. He 
 then went to Springfield and began reading law in the 
 office of Cha]5man & Chamberlain, being admitted to 
 the Hampden County bar in i860. Later, the same 
 year, "Mr. Chapman 
 was called to the 
 bench and Mr. 
 Chamberlain moved 
 to Hartford, t h e 
 business of the part- 
 nership passing into 
 the hands of a new 
 firm, composed^ of 
 Mr. ^^■ells, George 
 Ashmun and N. .\. 
 Leonard. Mr. .Ash- 
 mun presided at the 
 convention held in 
 Chicago which nom- 
 inated Lincoln for 
 the presidency, 
 .-^fter Lincoln was in- 
 augurated he spent 
 much time in Wash- 
 ington in connection 
 with government 
 affairs. The firm of 
 Leonard & W'ells 
 continued, however, 
 for many years, 
 although from 1 869 
 to 1876 Mr. \\ells 
 served as registrar 
 in bankruptcy, and 
 from 1876 to 1890 
 
 as judge of the Police Court. In the latter position his 
 sound rulings on perplexing points have passed into his- 
 tory. This place he resigned to become president of 
 the Holyoke Water Power Company, for which com- 
 pany he had long acted as attorney. Mr. Wells has 
 been a director of the Massachusetts Mutual Life In- 
 surance Company since 1S77, and is attorney for that 
 corporation as well as for the Springfield Street Railway 
 Company. He is also director of the John Hancock 
 
 GIDEON WELLS 
 
 and Third National banks, and of several Southern and 
 ^Veste^n electric and irrigation companies, in which the 
 insurance company is interested. Mr. Wells is nomi- 
 nally the attorney for the Connecticut River Railroad, 
 and has been connected in an official capacity with a 
 variety of minor business and philanthropic organiza- 
 tions. In 1889 the firm of Wells, McClench & Barnes 
 was formed, but Mr. Wells has virtually retired from the 
 partnership, although his name is retained. He is 
 
 devoting himself 
 principally to the 
 affairs of the Water 
 Power Company, 
 and the Massachu- 
 setts Mutual Life 
 Insurance Company, 
 although he o c c a - 
 sionally accepts a 
 case for an old 
 client. Mr. Wells, 
 with his busy pro- 
 fessional life, has not 
 found much time to 
 hold office, but 
 served in the City 
 Council in 1865 and 
 1866, as a member 
 from W a r d T w o. 
 He is best known to 
 the public by his 
 connection with the 
 lower criminal tribu- 
 nal. "Judge "Wells, 
 as he is called, is 
 possessed of a great 
 capacity for "work, 
 and excels in pre- 
 paring important 
 cases requiring a 
 broad and deep 
 legal knowledge. He has an honorable war record, 
 having enlisted in Company A, of Springfield, of the 
 Forty-sixth Regiment. He served as first lieutenant 
 under Captain Lewis A. Tifft, also in the same capacity 
 in the Eighth. Mr. Wells has well-developed agricul- 
 tural tastes, and of late years has been the owner of a 
 farm in Agavvam, the products of which are of notable 
 size and quality. Mr. W'ells married Marietta Gilbert, 
 Oct. I, 1875, and they have one son. 
 
344 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JOHN OLMSTED, president of the Springfield Street 
 Railway Company, is one of the most prominent 
 business men of Springfield. Although past seventy- 
 two years of age, he is one of the most active and 
 energetic men in AVestern Massachusetts. He was 
 born in Enfield, Conn., June i, 1820, and obtained his 
 earlier education in the schools of that town, supple- 
 mented by courses at Wilbraham and Westfield Acade- 
 mies. When twenty years old he was a manufacturer of 
 tinware and a dealer 
 in paper stock in his 
 native town. He re- 
 mained in this busi- 
 ness about twelve 
 years, when he sold 
 out on account of 
 failing health. He 
 lived at S o m e r s , 
 Conn., until i860, 
 when he came to 
 Springfield, where he 
 has since lived. In 
 this city he formed a 
 par t nersli ip with 
 Lewis H . Taylor. 
 The business was 
 cotton batting, cot- 
 ton waste, and paper 
 stock. After a few 
 years M r . Olmsted 
 bought Mr. Taylor's 
 interest and con- 
 ducted the business 
 alone. In 1880 
 Frank E. Tuttle be- 
 came associated with 
 him, and the busi- 
 ness soon grew to 
 such an extent that 
 in 1888 it was re- 
 moved to Chicopee and organized as the Olmsted & 
 Tuttle Company, of which Mr. Olmsted is president and 
 Mr. Tuttle treasurer. While the cotton waste business 
 has been Mr. Olmsted's chief interest during his resi- 
 dence in Springfield, his success in that by no means 
 indicates his entire activity. He has for many years 
 been president of the Street Railway Company. Under 
 his administration the capital stock has been increased 
 from fifty thousand dollars to one million dollars, and 
 
 the shares have greatly increased in value. Mr. Olm- 
 sted has been an excellent manager, both for his fellow- 
 stockholders and for the ptiblic, who have better accom- 
 modations than are furnished any other city of the size. 
 In politics Mr. Olmsted is a Republican. He has never 
 been an office seeker and a very reluctant office taker. 
 He has served in both branches of the City Council — 
 two years in the lower board and four years in the 
 upper. In 1S83 he was a representative to the Ceneral 
 
 Court. No man 
 stands higher in the 
 local business world 
 than does Mr. Olm- 
 sted. H is word 
 passes unchallenged, 
 for whatever he 
 promises he will per- 
 form. He has borne 
 no small part in the 
 material develop- 
 ment of Springfield, 
 and is a large owner 
 jC i of rC'^' estate. His 
 
 iir .v5M holdings include a 
 
 valuable business 
 block and a large 
 number of houses 
 and tenements. He 
 is a director of the 
 First National Piank, 
 of the United Elec- 
 tric Light Company, 
 of the Indian Or- 
 chard Company, of 
 the Union Newspaper 
 Company, trustee of 
 the Ham])den Sav- 
 ings Bank and vice- 
 president of the City 
 Library Association. 
 He is a generous donor to public and private charities, 
 and has always taken an active interest in every move- 
 ment having for its object the welfare and growth of 
 Springfield. Mr. Olmsted married Rhodelia E. Lang- 
 don, of Somers, Conn., in 1842, and to her advice and 
 assistance he attributes largely his success in life. Mrs. 
 Olmsted died, Sept. 29, 1891, leaving, besides her hus- 
 band, two daughters, — Mrs. Henry J. Beebe and Mrs. 
 Frank H. Goldthwait, both of Springfield. 
 
 JOHN OLMSTED 
 
SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 345 
 
 Ri;V. DR. WILLIAM RICE is prominently identi- 
 . fied with the literary life of Springfield. He has 
 been secretary and librarian of the City Library Associa- 
 tion for thirty-one years, and has had the entire charge 
 of the selection and classification of the books. His 
 wide range of reading, liberal views, cultivated taste and 
 sound judgment have fitted him eminently for this work, 
 and it is to his efforts largely that the City Library of 
 Springfield has attained so high a rank among the libra- 
 ries of the country. 
 Dr. Rice was born 
 in Springfield, March 
 10, 1821, the son of 
 \Villiam and Jerusha 
 (Warriner) Rice. 
 He is a descendant 
 of Ed m und Rice, 
 who settled in Sud- 
 bury, Mass., in 1639. 
 His father came to 
 Springfield in 1817, 
 Mr. Rice received 
 his earlier education 
 in the public schools 
 of Springfield, after 
 which he attended 
 the Wesleyan Acad- 
 emy at VVilbraham, 
 graduating from that 
 institution with 
 honor at the age of 
 nineteen. In 1841 
 he entered the min- 
 istry of the Metho- 
 d i s t Episcopal 
 Church, and served 
 as pastor of several 
 large and influential 
 churches. He re- 
 tired from the active 
 
 ministry in 1857, owing to impaired health, and re- 
 turned to Springfield. Dr. Rice was elected to the 
 (Jeneral Conference of the church in 1856, and took an 
 active part in the great controversy regarding slavery in 
 the church. Ten years later he was again elected to 
 the General Conference, and was a prominent member 
 of the committee appointed for the revision of the hymn 
 book, and was the editor under whose supervision the 
 " Methodist Hymnal " was published. The degree of 
 
 WILLIAM RICE. 
 
 A. M. was conferred upon him by Wesleyan University 
 of Middletown, Conn., in 1853, and in 1876 the same 
 institution ga\e him the degree of D. I). For many 
 years he has been a trustee of the university, and presi- 
 dent of the Board of Trustees of Wesleyan Academy. 
 He was a member of the State Board of Education for 
 eighteen years, and for the same length of time a mem- 
 ber of the Springfield School Board. At the last annual 
 meeting of the City Library Association Dr. Rice was 
 
 honored by a resolu- 
 tion unanimously 
 adopted to name the 
 wfH art building after 
 him. At Dr. Rice's 
 urgent request this 
 resolution was re- 
 called, but another 
 was adopted — that 
 " the present library 
 building of the City 
 Library Association 
 shall be known 
 henceforth as the 
 William Rice Build- 
 ing, in honor of the 
 man whose devotion 
 to the city and the 
 institution inspired 
 its erection, and 
 whose service has 
 filled it with treas- 
 ures of knowledge 
 and wisdom for the 
 free use of all the 
 people." In 1843 
 Dr. Rice jnarried 
 Caroline L., daughter 
 of William North, of 
 Lowell. Their chil- 
 dren are, — Rev. Wil- 
 liam North Rice, Ph. D., LL. D., professor in the Wes- 
 leyan LIniversity ; Edward H. Rice, A. M., for several 
 years a teacher in the public schools ; Rev. Charles F. 
 Rice, A. M., a minister in the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church ; and Caroline L. Rice, A. M., wife of Professor 
 Morris B. Crawford, of the Wesleyan University. Dr. 
 Rice's influence for good has been felt far beyond the 
 limits of Springfield, with whose intellectual and moral 
 life his name will ever be associated. 
 
546 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EVERE'lT HOSMER BARNEY, through a magnifi- 
 cent gift to the city of Springfield, has placed his 
 name among those that will never be forgotten. In 
 1882 he purchased one hundred and ten acres of land 
 in the southern part of Springfield, adjoining what is 
 known as Forest Park, and built a handsome residence 
 on a site commanding a picturesque view of the Con- 
 necticut River and valley. The grounds were laid out 
 with artistic skill, and are adorned by many rare and 
 valuable plants which 
 Mr. Barney imported 
 from Europe, Egypt, 
 China, Japan and 
 India. Mr. Barney 
 intended that this 
 beautiful home 
 should pass to his 
 only child, George 
 Murray, but the 
 young man's death 
 in 1889, when he was 
 only twenty-six years 
 of age, decided Mr. 
 Barney to present the 
 estate to the city as 
 a memorial of his 
 son, reser\ ing the 
 right to occupy it as 
 a home during hi s 
 lifetime. By this gift, 
 which is located ad- 
 jacent to the already 
 beautiful park, 
 Springfield will have 
 a park surpassed for 
 rustic scenery, rare 
 trees and i>lants, 
 ponds, brooks and 
 drives, by no other 
 park in the country. 
 
 Mr. Barney, with a rare spirit of generosity, is constantly 
 improving his estate, and intends to have its \alue 
 greatly enhanced before it goes into the possession of 
 the city. Mr. Barney was born at Framingham, Dec. 
 7, 183s, the son of Jaries S. and Harriet (Hosmer) Bar- 
 ney. His father was a manufacturer of machinery for 
 woollen mills at Saxonville, and made several important 
 improvements in looms and spinning machinery, which 
 are still used in some of the largest mills in the country. 
 
 EVERETT H. BARNEY. 
 
 Everett Hosmer was educated in the public schools and 
 the academy at Framingham, and followed his father's 
 business until 185 1, when he engaged as a contractor 
 on locomotive work at Hinkley & Drury's, in Boston. 
 It was while working there that Mr. Barney conceived 
 the idea of fastening skates by a metal clamp, dispens- 
 ing with the old method of straps and buckles. He 
 took out his first patent in 1864, after which followed a 
 series of i>atents. In the same year James C. Warner, 
 
 of Springfield, having 
 a large government 
 contract for guns, en- 
 gaged Mr. Barney to 
 complete the con- 
 tract. At the close 
 of the war Mr. Bar- 
 ney turned his at- 
 tention to his own 
 inventions, a n d to 
 the manufacture of 
 them. He formed a 
 partnership with Mr. 
 Berry, an old friend 
 who had worked with 
 him for several years, 
 and hired the prop- 
 erty vacated by Mr. 
 Warner. At the end 
 of two years Mr. 
 Barney bought out 
 Mr. Berry's interest, 
 but retained the firm 
 name of ISar.iey & 
 Berry. The business 
 grew ra])idlv, and 
 Mr. Barney built the 
 present mill, which is 
 equipped with every 
 modern improve- 
 ment, and his skates 
 have a world-wide reputation. In 1868 Mr. Barney 
 invented a perforating machine for stamping out the 
 amoimt payable on bank checks, and obtained a patent 
 for that. The machine stam]3s out any amount, and also 
 stamps out such words as "cancelled," "paid," etc. Mr. 
 Barney's eminent sticcess in the business world and his 
 public-spirited generosity conspire to make of him one 
 of the thoroughly representative men not only of Massa- 
 chusetts l)ut of New England. 
 
SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 347 
 
 RICHARD F. HAWKINS is a man whom the citizens 
 of Springfield have time and again sought to honor 
 with political office, but who has steadfastly refused to step 
 beyond the bounds of private life, excepting in two or 
 three instances where he considered it his duty to do so. 
 Mr. Hawkins is a representative man of the times. He 
 was born in Lowell, Mass., March g, 1837, but removed 
 to Springfield with his family at an early age. When 
 sixteen years old he was graduated from the Springfield 
 High School and be- 
 gan work as an office 
 boy for Stone & Har- 
 ris, railroad bridge 
 builders. He con- 
 tinued with them 
 until 1862, when Mr. 
 Stone retired and Mr. 
 Hawkins, in partner- 
 ship with D. L. Har- 
 ris, continued t h e 
 business. In 1867 
 M r. Harris retired, 
 and Mr. Hawkins 
 absorbed the entire 
 business, under the 
 name of the R. F. 
 Hawkins Iron Works. 
 He has since con- 
 tinued the business 
 without a change, and 
 has greatly increased 
 the volume of the 
 business. When Mr. 
 Hawkins first became 
 a member of the firm 
 the building of the 
 Howe truss bridge 
 was the principal 
 business carried on. 
 Prior to this time 
 
 nothing but wooden bridges had been built. Mr. Haw- 
 kins began the construction of iron bridges, and for many 
 years has constructed only those. Mr. Hawkins is a 
 natural mechanic, and to him should be credited in con- 
 siderable measure the development of the use of iron as 
 a building commodity in New England. In addition 
 to bridges he has conceived and turned out a large 
 quantity of the iron and steel material used in the con- 
 struction of the railroads and locomotives of to-day. 
 
 W^. 
 
 His business has grown until he is proprietor of one of 
 the leading industries of the city. Among the structures 
 that stand as fair examples of his work are the New 
 Bedford and Springfield jails, which are constructed 
 largely of iron. Among the other notable structures for 
 which Mr. Hawkins is responsible is the Willimansett 
 bridge, near Holyoke, eight hundred feet in length. 
 This bridge is built of iron, and was constructed at the 
 expense of the city of Holyoke and neighboring towns. 
 
 He also constructed 
 the North ampton 
 bridge for the Mas- 
 sachusetts Central 
 Railroad. This is 
 an iron bridge, and 
 is one thousand five 
 hundred feet in 
 length. Mr. Haw- 
 kins is a Republican, 
 and has frequently 
 been the choice of 
 t h e party managers 
 for mayor, but he has 
 ne\er been induced 
 to accept the nomi- 
 nation, for the reason 
 that he would be 
 compelled to neglect 
 either the office or 
 liis private business. 
 He was an alderman 
 for three years, and 
 is at the present time 
 a w a t e r c o m m i s - 
 sioner. Mr. Haw - 
 kins is one of the 
 most active members 
 of the Board of Trade 
 and one ofthe direc- 
 tors. He is also a 
 member of the Financial Committee of the Hampden 
 Savings Bank. Mr. Hawkins was married on Sept. 3, 
 1862, to Cornelia Morgan, daughter of A. B. and Sarah 
 (Cadwell) Howe. They have five children, — Paul, 
 Florence, Edith, Ethel and David Hawkins. In all 
 matters relating to the scientific construction of iron 
 bridges Mr. Hawkins is considered one of the best 
 authorities in the country, and his opinion is held in 
 high esteem by experts in the same line of work. 
 
 ^yy^yi-'-.j^^pyy 
 
 RICHARD F. HAWKINS. 
 
348 
 
 AfASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 GEORGE C. FISK, the president and general 
 manager, and the largest individual stockholder 
 of the Wason Manufacturing Compan}' of Springfield, 
 was born at Hinsdale, N. H., March 4, 1831, the son of 
 Thomas T. Fisk. He was educated in the public 
 schools of his native town, and at the age of seventeen 
 began work in a general store in that town. Mr. Fisk 
 had a strong inclination toward mechanics, and in 1S51 
 went to Springfield, where he hoped to find a better 
 opportunity for carv- 
 ing out his fortune 
 than was to be found 
 in Hinsdale. Not 
 finding just what he 
 wanted at first, he 
 went West. On ar- 
 riving at Cleveland, 
 Ohio, he became a 
 book agent. For 
 some time he sold 
 "Uncle Tom's 
 Cabin." He returned 
 to Springfield in 1S52 
 and became book- 
 ie e e p e r and pay- 
 m aster for T. W. 
 Wason & Co. In 
 1854 Mr. Fisk se- 
 cured a partnership 
 interest in the con- 
 cern, and when the 
 company was incor- 
 porated he was made 
 the treasurer. A 
 short time afterward 
 he was elected vice- 
 president, and when 
 T. W. Wason, the 
 founder of the com- 
 pany, dietf in 1870, 
 
 Mr. Fisk was chosen ])resident and general manager, 
 which position he still holds. When Dr. J. G. Holland 
 moved from Springfield to New York, Mr. Fisk pur- 
 chased the poet's house, Brightwood, which is one of 
 the finest estates in Springfield. Mr. Fisk is also half 
 owner and president of the Fisk Soap Works, which is 
 under the management of his brother, Roger W. Fisk ; 
 is a large owner and president of the Springfield Steam 
 Power Company, and proprietor of the Brightwood 
 
 GEORGE C. FISK 
 
 Pai)er Mills, at Hinsdale, N. H. In 1885 Mr. Fisk built 
 what is now known as the Casino at Brightwood, as an 
 entertainment hall, in which entertainments for the 
 amusement of the residents of that section of the city 
 are frecjuently given. It is conducted wholly by ama 
 teurs, and is one of the finest private theatres in 
 America. Brightwood, while a i)art of the city of 
 Springfield, is one of the handsomest and most prosper- 
 ous villages in New England, and its beauty and pros- 
 perity are chiefly due 
 to Mr. Fisk's enter- 
 prise and public 
 spirit. There are a 
 number of industries 
 located at Bright- 
 wood, of which the 
 ^V a s o n Manufactur- 
 ing Company is the 
 chief. The works, 
 comprising some ten 
 or twelve immense 
 one and two story 
 brick and frame 
 buildings, cover 
 about eight acres of 
 land and are con- 
 nected by ])r i\a t e 
 switch tracks w i t h 
 the Connecticut 
 River Railroad, by 
 means of which the 
 cars constructed on 
 the p r e m is es are 
 shipped direct to the 
 various roads 
 throughout this 
 country for which 
 they are built, or to 
 New York or Boston 
 for shipment by sea 
 to foreign countries, many of their best orders coming 
 from Central America, the Argentine Republic, Portugal, 
 and other distant lands, the total output averaging 
 1700,000 per annum. The name of the Wason Manu- 
 facturing Company is known wherever railway cars are 
 used throughout the world. Mr. Fisk married Maria E., 
 daughter of Daniel H. Ripley, of Springfield. They 
 have two children, Charles A. Fisk and Mrs. O. H. 
 Dickinson, both of Springfield. 
 
SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 349 
 
 LEWIS AUGUSTUS TIFFT, one of Massachusetts' 
 bravest volunteers during the late war, was born 
 in Nassau, N. Y., June 13, 1836, being the oldest of the 
 four children of John and Sally (White) Tifft. His 
 great-grandfather, John Tifft, went to New York from 
 Rhode Island, the Tiffts, or Teffts, having originally 
 settled in the latter State upon coming to this country. 
 Mr. Tifft came to Springfield during his boyhood, and 
 attended the high school. After graduating there he 
 became a clerk in 
 the office of the 
 Massachusetts M u - 
 tual Life Insurance 
 Company. In i860 
 he married the eldest 
 daughter of Ex- 
 IJeutenantC Governor 
 Eliphalet Trask. In 
 1862 he was com- 
 missioned lieutenant 
 in Company A, 
 Forty-sixth Regi- 
 ment, M. V. M., and 
 was soon promoted 
 to the captaincy of 
 the company. He 
 was not only a thor- 
 ough soldier and 
 officer, but became 
 the warm personal 
 friend of every sol- 
 dier under his com- 
 mand. His courage 
 and good judgment 
 find favorable men- 
 tion in the Adjutant- 
 General's Report of 
 an engagement at 
 the Neuse road 
 bridge, near Batch- 
 elder's Creek, North Carolina, in May, 1863, where he 
 held his position with his command for some hours 
 after being deserted by the remainder of the Union 
 forces which had been engaged, and he had been 
 reported at headquarters as having been taken prisoner. 
 His situation was finally ascertained and reinforcements 
 were sent to him. Later, after the Forty-sixth was 
 mustered out, he was appointed captain of the Eighth 
 Massachusetts Infantry, and did provost duty at Balti- 
 
 LEWIS A. TIFFT. 
 
 more for three months. His service in the war was 
 courageous and creditable in a high degree. At its 
 close he engaged in business as an insurance and gov- 
 ernment claim agent, and in 1868 became secretary of 
 the .Springfield Mutual Fire Assurance Company, which 
 position he held up to the time of his death, in connec- 
 tion with the agency for other companies. Captain 
 Tifft served the city capably in both branches of the 
 City Council, and was the nominee of the Republican 
 
 party for mayor in 
 1873. Captain Tifft 
 died Aug. 31, 1874, 
 at the age of thirty- 
 eight. The Spring- 
 field Rcpuh/ican, at 
 the time of his death, 
 said : " Had death 
 spared him he would 
 have been mayor of 
 Springfield, and a 
 worthy one. Lewis 
 Tifft was a man of 
 few faults, and of 
 many shining virtues. 
 His character was 
 never impeached in 
 any relation of life ; 
 by nature frank , 
 brave and honora- 
 ble, he won and held 
 the confidence of his 
 friends with no more 
 ease than that of the 
 public. His courage 
 was physical and 
 moral alike. As in 
 the risks of war he 
 never shunned expos- 
 ure, so in society, 
 business or politics, 
 he never skulked a belief nor evaded any consequences 
 of his avowed position." Captain Tifft left three 
 children, Eliphalet T. Tifft, the present city treasurer, 
 an office to which he has been elected five years in 
 succession, and two daughters, Lurancie and Lantie. 
 The Springfield Camp of Sons of Veterans is named 
 L. A. Tifft Camp in honor of his memory. His untimely 
 death was mourned by thousands in Springfield who had 
 never enjoyed personal acquaintance with him. 
 
3SO 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 NOVES \V. FISK for a quarter of a century has 
 been a prominent resident of Springfield, and in 
 the latter part of that period has been one of the lead- 
 ing men of the city. He is the head of the Fisk Manu- 
 facturing Company, the prosperity of which is a monu- 
 ment to his business sagacity. Mr. Fisk was born at 
 Hinsdale, N. H., March 15, 1839. He was the son of 
 Thomas T. and Emily (Hildreth) Fisk. A few years 
 before his death, in 1861, his father had started in a 
 small way the manu- 
 facture of soap at 
 Hinsdale, and it is 
 the outcome of that 
 business that the son 
 today conducts, now 
 one of the largest 
 and most important 
 business concerns in 
 the country. Noyes 
 \\'. Fisk, at the age 
 of thirteen, entered 
 the store of Freder- 
 ick Hunt, at Hins- 
 dale, as clerk, and 
 an incident that oc- 
 curred at that time 
 is one that has played 
 a prominent part in 
 his life. Mr. Hunt 
 handed young Fisk a 
 pair of scissors, with 
 the remark that he 
 would need them in 
 cutting cotton cloth. 
 Mr. Fisk has carried 
 those scissors in his 
 pocket ever since, 
 not even excepting 
 the time he was in 
 the war. He re- 
 mained in the store about four years, and then went to 
 Northampton, Mass., as book-keeper for 'I'hayer & Sar- 
 gent. Soon afterwards he went to Springfield, where he 
 entered the office of the A\"ason Manufacturing C^om- 
 pany, with which his brother, (leorge C. Fisk, had re- 
 cently become connected. He remained there a year 
 or two, when he was succeeded by Henry S. Hyde, 
 now treasurer of the company. Mr. Fisk then became 
 book-keeper for E. B. Haskell & Sons, grocers, with 
 
 NOYES W. FISK. 
 
 whom he remained until he entered the army, in 1862. 
 He enlisted with Company A, Forty-sixth Regiment, 
 and after serving one year, returned to Springfield and 
 started a grocery and provision business. In 1867 he 
 disposed of this business and went into the manufacture 
 of lampblack. The following year he was burned out. 
 Then he went into the soap business, buying an interest 
 in the old business of his father, which, in the mean- 
 time, had been removed to Springfield, his brothers, 
 
 George C. and Lu- 
 cius I., who had 
 previously been in- 
 \ terested in the busi- 
 
 ness, remaining as 
 partners. In 1880 
 Lucius I. Fisk died, 
 and the business was 
 reorganized as the 
 Fisk Manufacturing 
 Company, with 
 George C. Fisk as 
 president, and 
 Noyes \V. Fisk as 
 clerk and treasurer, 
 and these two gen- 
 tlemen and Charles 
 k. Fisk, as direc- 
 tors. Mr. Fisk 
 married Emma (L 
 .^dams, of Hinsdale, 
 N. H., Aug. 25, 
 1862, and a few 
 days later Mr. Fisk 
 marched to the front, 
 leaving his bride in 
 Hinsdale. On his 
 return from the war 
 they went to Spring- 
 field, where they 
 have since resided. 
 They have one child, Harry G. I'isk, a daughter having 
 (lied in infancy. Mr. Fisk was for se\en years a mem- 
 ber of the Common Council, and was for eleven years a 
 member of the Board of ^Vater Commissioners. Not 
 only as business man but also in his capacity as council- 
 man and water commissioner, he has won the confidence 
 and esteem of his fellow-citizens, with whom he is very 
 popular. The demands of his business have been such 
 as to prevent him from accepting other public offices. 
 
SPRINGFIELD. 
 
 351 
 
 EC. ROGERS is one of the most enterprising 
 , and progressive business men in Western New 
 England. He has made an enviable record for himself 
 in the business world, although he started the battle 
 of life as an employee of one of the concerns of 
 which he is now president and manager. Mr. Rogers 
 was born at Ogden, Munroe County, N. Y., May 6, 
 1838. He was the son of John and Betsy (Covell) 
 Rogers. When he was seven years of age his parents 
 removed to Western 
 Michigan, where he 
 remained for eleven 
 years, during which 
 time he attended the 
 public schools and 
 worked on a farm. 
 He went to Spring- 
 field in 1856, when 
 he was eighteen years 
 of age. There he 
 attended the public 
 schools until he 
 finished his educa- 
 tion. In 1859 he 
 became a clerk in 
 the office of the 
 Oreenleaf & Taylor 
 Company, manufac- 
 turers of pajier, at 
 Huntington. When 
 the war broke out 
 Mr. Rogers enlisted 
 as a sergeant in the 
 Forty- sixth Massa- 
 chusetts Regiment. 
 This was in 1862. 
 When he returned 
 from the war he was 
 an orderly sergeant 
 with an excellent 
 
 record. Mr. Rogers returned to his old position with 
 the Clreenleaf & Taylor Company. In 1865 (). H. 
 Greenleaf of this company became president and man- 
 ager of the Holyoke Paper Company, and in 1866 
 Mr. Rogers became treasurer of the new concern. He 
 remained in this position for two years. In 1868 he 
 returned to the old company as treasurer and manager. 
 In 1873 the name of the (Jreenleaf & Taylor Manufac- 
 turing Company was changed to the Massasoit Paper 
 
 E. C. ROGERS. 
 
 Manufacturing Company, when a new mill was erected 
 at Holyoke and the capital increased to three hundred 
 thousand dollars. In 1882 Mr. Rogers's company took 
 hold of the Chester Paper Mill at Huntington, which 
 had been erected in 1853 by the Greenleaf & Taylor 
 Company, and of this mill Mr. Rogers is now president. 
 Both of the mills are handsomely equipped and turn out 
 many tons of fine writing paper every day. Mr. Rogers 
 is a resident of Springfield, where he has for many years 
 
 ranked as one of the 
 representative m e n 
 of the city, in both 
 business and social 
 affairs. He is a 
 director of the John 
 Hancock National 
 Bank of Springfield, 
 and also of the 
 Springfield Electric 
 Light Com])any. He 
 was for many years a 
 director in the 
 Springfield Union 
 Newspaper Com- 
 pany, and is one of 
 the directors of the 
 Home National Bank 
 of Holyoke. M r . 
 Rogers is a Republi- 
 can in politics, and 
 has always mani- 
 fested a lively i n - 
 terest in the political 
 cami)aigns, although 
 he has been adverse 
 to taking office. He 
 served, however, as 
 a member of the 
 Common Council in 
 1882, 1883 and 1884, 
 being president of the board the latter year. Mr. 
 Rogers was secretary and treasurer of the American 
 Paper Manufacturers' Association in 18S7 and 1888, and 
 was president of the same association in 1889 and 1890. 
 The first banquet of the association at an annual meet- 
 ing was held while he was its president, .'\mong the 
 paper manufacturers of New England, as well as in busi- 
 ness and financial circles generally, Mr. Rogers is widely 
 known and highly respected for his many fine qualities. 
 
352 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO~DAY. 
 
 MICHAEL DUNN, of Springfield, is prominent 
 among the men of Western New England, who, 
 by honesty, industry and close attention to business, 
 have arisen to prominence. Mr. Dunn is pre-eminently 
 a self-made man. Born in the parish of Aghavoe, 
 Queen's County, Ireland, on March 24, 1833, his early 
 life was spent on a farm. One of a family of eight, he 
 received his education in the schools of his native land, 
 supplemented by extensive reading, observation and 
 travel. In 1851 Mr. 
 Dunn emigrated 
 with his parents to 
 the United States, 
 locating at Paterson, 
 N. J. He obtained a 
 position in a woollen 
 mill, where he worked 
 twelve hours a day 
 for twenty-five cents 
 a day. By untiring 
 energy, i)ush and 
 appreciation he be- 
 came overseer. He 
 soon bettered him- 
 self by a situation in 
 a cotton mill, where 
 he remained for sev- 
 eral years, becoming 
 thoroughly conver- 
 sant with the busi- 
 ness. He then be- 
 came connected witli 
 a dyeing and bleach- 
 i n g establishment, 
 where he formed the 
 foundation for his 
 future success. In 
 company with John 
 Anderton he went to 
 Chicopee Falls, in 
 
 1 87 1, and established the Hampden Bleachery. In 
 1875 he became interested in the Musgrove Alpaca 
 Company, located at Chicopee, as a partner, his atten- 
 tion being still given to the bleaching business. This 
 continued for six years, when misfortune overtook the 
 company by the peculations and treachery of the officers. 
 'I'he concern failed, and Mr. Dunn lost a ijuarter of a 
 million dollars. With a stout heart and a stronger 
 determination to win, he again put his sho\il(ler to the 
 
 MICHAEL DUNN. 
 
 wheel, and once more earned success. To-day he 
 is probably the wealthiest Irishman in Western New 
 England. In 1887 Mr. Anderton died. Mr. Dunn 
 purchased his interest in the Hampden Bleachery from 
 the heirs, and carried on the business as sole owner until 
 1891, when he sold it to his nephew, Daniel J. Dunn, 
 and Edward Foley, both of Chicopee Falls, accepting a 
 position himself as agent and treasurer of the company, 
 and de\oting his spare time to safe financial invest- 
 ments, in which he 
 has been fortunate. 
 - - He was one of the 
 
 original incorpora- 
 tors of the Chicopee 
 Falls Savings Bank, 
 was elected trustee 
 and vice-president, 
 continuing as such 
 until his resignation 
 at the last annual 
 meeting. He is at 
 present connected 
 with several corpora- 
 tions in Springfield 
 a n d Holyoke. I n 
 Chicopee public life 
 he played a promi- 
 nent part, acting as 
 assistant engineer, 
 selectman and mem- 
 ber of the Board of 
 Health. He would 
 have been given rep- 
 resentative honors, 
 but declined. In 
 financial matters Mr. 
 Dunn has the reputa- 
 tion of a safe and 
 sound business man. 
 Mr. Dunn married 
 Miss Mary E. Norton, of Somerville, on March 3, 1867, 
 and they have five children : Margaret E., the wife of 
 B. J. Griffin, of Springfield ; Katharine I.., aged twenty- 
 one ; Joseph J., eighteen, a student at Fordham College, 
 N. Y. ; Mary H., fifteen, and Kieran, aged twelve. Mr. 
 Dunn has at different times in his life travelled over the 
 greater part of the United States and the British 
 Provinces. He is a man of broad sympathies and a 
 deep stiulent of human nature. 
 
spRrxGFrFJ.n. 
 
 353 
 
 JOHN H. CLUNE is one of the most prominent 
 Democrats in Springfield, and well known through- 
 out the State. Although a young man, he has been at 
 various times secretary, treasurer and chairman of the 
 City Committee of Springfield, has been a member of 
 the County Committee and is at the present time a 
 member of the executive committee of the State Cen- 
 tral Committee, in which he represents the Democracy 
 of Western Massachusetts. In business Mr. ("lune has 
 also made a flatter- 
 i n g success. M r. 
 Clune was born i n 
 Springfield, July 4, 
 1856, the son of Mi- 
 chael and Catherine 
 (Arthur) Clune. His 
 education was r e- 
 ceived in the Spring- 
 field public schools, 
 although his school- 
 days ended when he 
 was eleven years of 
 age. When thirteen 
 years old Mr. Clune 
 entered the establish- 
 ment of the Milton 
 Bradley Company for 
 the purpose of learn- 
 ing the lithographic 
 printing business. 
 He remained there 
 for three years, dur- 
 i n g which time he 
 became a complete 
 master of the trade, 
 after which he went 
 to work for Jacob C. 
 Lutze in the same 
 business. He r e- 
 mained with M r. 
 
 Lutze sixteen years. In 1887 Mr. Clune was appointed 
 city marshal by Mayor Maynard, and held the position 
 two years. On retiring from this office Mr. Clune pur- 
 chased the business of T. P. Sampson, funeral director, 
 which he has since conducted with ability and success. 
 In politics Mr. Clune has had an unusually successful 
 career, and for a young man, has a remarkably large 
 acquaintance throughout the State. His first office was 
 held in 18S5, when he was elected to the Springfield 
 
 JOHN H. CLUNE 
 
 Common Council from Ward Three. He served the 
 people in that branch of the City Government two 
 years, during which he made a remarkably good record. 
 He served on the Committee on Parks and on the Prop- 
 erty Department Committee. He was on the Committee 
 on Parks when Forest Park was presented to and ac- 
 cepted by the city in 1885. He withdrew from city 
 politics in 1887 in order to accept the appointment as 
 city marshal. Mr. Chine was elected a member of the 
 
 City Committee in 
 1880, was made sec- 
 retary and treasurer 
 in 1884, for its Cleve- 
 land campaign, and 
 chairman in 1885. 
 He was elected a 
 m ember of the 
 County Committee 
 in 1886, on which he 
 served with credit 
 for a year. On the 
 retirement of James 
 B. Carroll from the 
 State Central Com- 
 mittee in 1889, Mr. 
 Clune was chosen as 
 his successor, and in 
 everyone of his 
 ofific i a 1 positions 
 he has wo n d i s- 
 tinction for shrewd 
 man a g e m e n t and 
 soundness of 
 j u d g m e n t . Mr. 
 Clune was the candi- 
 d at e for sheriff of 
 Hampden County in 
 1892, when there 
 was little hope o f 
 being elected, a n d 
 made a good run. In business life Mr. Clune has always 
 stood high. He was married to Catherine Donvan, of 
 Springfield, in 1877. They had four children. Mrs. 
 Clune died on March 24, 1889. He has always been 
 prominent in church and social life, being a member 
 of St. Michael's Cathedral, and of several social organiza- 
 tions in the city. As political manager and as business 
 man, Mr. Clune has won the confidence of the com- 
 munity in which he lives. 
 
354 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EX-LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR E L I P H A L E T 
 TRASK was one of the most distinguished men 
 Western Massachusetts has produced. He was select- 
 man before Springfield became a city, then alderman, 
 and afterwards mayor, in 1855. In 1857 he was elected 
 lieutenant-governor, with Oeneral Nathaniel P. Banks 
 as governor. Ex-Go\ ernor Trask was born at Monson, 
 Jan. 8, 1S06, the son of Josiah and Eliza (Webb) 
 Trask. His childhood was spent at Monson, and when 
 twelve years of age 
 he went to live with 
 his maternal grand- 
 father, at Stafford, 
 Conn. He learned 
 the trade of an iron 
 founder. The work 
 was hard and the 
 wages low, — not 
 more than ninety-two 
 cents a day, — but 
 
 he remained Indus- ^^ 
 
 triously at work until 
 he had saved enough, 
 in 1834, to start a 
 foundry with his 
 brothers, Lanson and 
 Abner, in Springfield. 
 In 1836 he sold his 
 interest to his 
 brothers and started 
 a foundry of his own, 
 which he continued 
 until the time of his 
 death. Mr. Trask 
 began political life 
 as a Whig. He re 
 mained with this 
 party until the 
 " Know-N othing " 
 party sprung into ex- 
 istence. He was an earnest advocate of the abolition 
 of slavery, and first came into prominence as a public 
 man in 1850, when, as a leader, he prevented a mob 
 from interfering with an abolition speech in Springfield. 
 In 1857, as the tidal wave of " Know-Nothingism " 
 was receding, the Republicans and part of the " Know- 
 Nothings " elected Nathaniel P. Banks, governor, and 
 EHphalet Trask, lieutenant-governor. They were twice 
 re-elected, in 1858 and 1859. He was present at the 
 
 ELIPHALET TRASK. 
 
 Chicago Con\ention in 1S60, when Abraham Lincoln 
 was nominated for the presidency, and accompanied 
 the delegation to Springfield, 111. (as a guest of the 
 president of the Convention), to ofificially notify Mr. 
 Lincoln of his nomination. During the War of the 
 Rebellion he was actively interested, and his influence 
 and aid always went to sustain the Government. He 
 was a warm friend of Governor Andrew, the Massachu- 
 setts war governor, and was frequently in consultation 
 
 with him regarding 
 the commission for 
 the officers of the 
 regiments from West- 
 e r n Massachusetts. 
 He was also a per- 
 sonal friend and 
 w a r m admirer of 
 Charles Sumner, 
 Wendell Phillips, 
 William Lloyd Garri- 
 son and Henry Wil- 
 son. When the Re- 
 publicans of Massa- 
 chusetts divided 
 upon the issue of 
 nominating General 
 Butler for governor, 
 Mr. Trask espoused 
 the Butler cause very 
 warmly, and after 
 that time was an In- 
 dependent. W- 
 though devoted to 
 his own church (the 
 Universalist), he was 
 a warm friend of all 
 churches and of all 
 moral and educa- 
 tional movements. 
 Governor Trask mar- 
 ried Ruby Squier, daughter of Solomon and. Sarah 
 (Moulton) Squier, of Monson, March 3, 1829. Mrs. 
 Trask died Nov. 26, 1890, and Governor 'i'rask died 
 thirteen days later, on Dec. 9. They had ten children, 
 six of whom are still living : Henry F., .\lbert, Mrs. 
 Harriet F. Davis, Mrs. H. S. Hyde and Mrs. W. H. 
 Hawkins, of Springfield, and Mrs. Edward Newcomb, 
 of Albany, N. V. They celebrated the sixtieth anni\er- 
 sary of their marriage a year before their death. 
 
SPRTNGFIELD. 
 
 355 
 
 GENERAL HORACE CLARK LEE was born in 
 Springfield, Jan. 31, 1822. After graduating 
 from the public schools and taking courses at the 
 Greenfield and East Hartford, Conn., academies he 
 embarked in the dry goods business, first in Boston and 
 later in Springfield. In 1858 he was tax collector of 
 Springfield, and in 1859 city treasurer, which office he 
 filled until he entered the army. General Lee's mind 
 displayed a military bent when he was twenty years of 
 age. In 1842 he was 
 instrumental in 
 organizing a military 
 company which was 
 known as the Spring- 
 field Guards. He 
 served in the subor- 
 dinate grades of the 
 command, and was 
 elected captain a few 
 years after its organi- 
 zation. In 1854 he 
 was chosen colonel 
 of the Third Massa- 
 chu setts Artillery, 
 which was reorgan- 
 ized as the Twelfth 
 Regiment of Infan- 
 try the following 
 year, Colonel Lee 
 retaining the com- 
 m a n d . Mainly 
 through h i s efforts 
 the Twenty-seventh 
 Regiment, Massa- 
 chusetts Volunteers, 
 was organized, and 
 on Sept. 20, 1 86 1, he 
 received his commis- 
 sion as colonel. The 
 regiment took a 
 
 prominent part in the battles of Roanoke Island and 
 Newbem. After the latter engagement Colonel Lee 
 was appointed acting brigatlier-general, and under that 
 title gained honorable mention for his gallantry at the 
 battle of Goldsboro, N. C. Shortly after this General 
 Lee was appointed provost marshal for the district of 
 North Carolina, and soon afterwards the department of 
 Virginia was added to his command. He served in 
 this capacity until January, 1S64, and received many 
 
 HORACE C. LEE 
 
 commendations from his superiors for the manner in 
 which he performed his duties. After resigning as pro- 
 vost marshal he particiijated in the battle of Drury's 
 Bluff, where he was captured by the confederates after 
 a brave defence. He was first taken to Libby prison 
 at Richmond, and was afterwards transferred to Camp 
 Oglethorpe, Macon, Ga. From here the fifty federal 
 officers of the highest rank were ordered to Charleston 
 and placed under fire of the Union guns. The govern- 
 ment, in retaliation, 
 then sent fifty confed- 
 erate officers to Mor- 
 ris Island and ])laced 
 -^ them under Southern 
 
 fire. This resulted 
 in an exchange of 
 prisoners on April 2, 
 1864. Again rejoin- 
 ing his regiment, he 
 served until Sept. 27, 
 1864, when he was 
 mustered out w i t h 
 the brevet of briga- 
 dier-general. After 
 leaving the a r m y 
 General Lee entered 
 the custom house at 
 Boston, where he re- 
 mained four years. 
 In 1868 he re-em- 
 barked in business 
 in Springfield. In 
 1872 he was ap- 
 pointed postmaster 
 by President Grant, 
 and held the office 
 twelve years under 
 Presidents Garfield, 
 Arthur and Hayes, 
 He died June 22, 
 1884. General Lee helped organize E. K. Wilcox Post, 
 G. A. R., being its first commander. He was also a 
 member of the Knights Templar, Loyal Legion and of 
 the .-Xncient and Honorable Artillery of Boston. As an 
 instance of his military and civic popularity may be 
 mentioned the presentation to him, in 1855, on the 
 occasion of his assuming the command of the Twelfth 
 Regiment, of a handsome sword, the gift of the citizens 
 of Springfield. 
 

 NEW BEDFORD has had an experience which has fallen to the lot of few cities in the United States. It has 
 seen its principal industry sink into decline, an industry which had made of a tiny hamlet an important and 
 wealthy city. On the ruins of one industry has been built up another and a greater. The old whaling city of the 
 United States is now one of its great manufacturing centres. To only one other city, Fall River, does it yield the 
 palm for the number of spindles employed in cotton manufactures ; at its present rate of increase it will soon 
 yield to none. 
 
 The city is growing more rapidly, proportionately, than any other city in New England. By 1895, at the 
 latest, the population of 1880 (26,485) will have been doubled. A\'hen it is stated that five new cotton mills are 
 now in course of erection, the cause of the increase is suggested. Of these mills four are being erected by corpora- 
 tions which have been organized since February, 1892, with a total capital stock of $2,100,000. The five mills will 
 run at the start 206,000 spindles. 
 
 New Bedford is the wealthiest city of its size in the Union, its wealth approaching $100,000,000. The 
 readiness with which capital for promising enterprises is obtainable was well instanced when the project for the 
 erection of the Pierce Mill was set on foot a few months ago. Through the exertions of a single individual the 
 proposed capital stock of $600,000 was all subscribed within four days. 
 
 There are about twenty-five cotton mills in the city, and one woollen mill. These mills are owned by four- 
 teen corporations having a total capital stock of $11,310,000 and running in all 1,040,500 spindles and 15,834 
 looms. Two of the mills make yarns exclusively, the others produce varieties of fine goods and sheetings. Alike 
 in structure and internal fixtures, the New Bedford mills are unexcelled anywhere. 
 
 The manufactures of the city are not limited to the textile industry. There are over one hundred and ten 
 other factories which turn out a large variety of products. Among the largest are the Morse Twist Drill and 
 Machine Company (capital, $600,000), whose goods find a market all over the world ; the Pairpoint Manufacturing 
 Company ($400,000), fine silver-plated ware; the Mount Washington Glass Company ($83,000), fine and cut 
 glassware ; Hathaway, Soule & Harrington ($250,000), boots and shoes ; Clark's Cove Guano Company ($800,000)', 
 fertihzers ; New Bedford Cordage Company ($375,000), and New Bedford Copper Company ($250,000). 
 
 The whaling industry, in which the city's wealth was earned, while sadly reduced, is by no means extinct ; 
 and New Bedford, now as in the olden days, does the largest whaling business of any place in the world. When 
 the industry was at its height, in 1857, there were 329 New Bedford vessels of all kinds in the fleet, out of a total 
 of 569 from all United States ports. On Jan. i, 1892, the New Bedford vessels numbered 48, out of a total of 92 
 from all United States ports. The high price of whalebone does much to make the industry profitable. In 1891 
 the average price was $5.38 per pound. In 1866 the average was $1.37 per pound. 
 
 The city has rare natural beauty. It rises from the west bank of the Acushnet River and the north shore 
 of Buzzards Bay ; and from the hill, which constitutes the finer residential ])art, a view of land and water, rarely 
 excelled, presents itself. No American city of even twice its population can boast such well-kept and beautifully 
 shaded streets. It is surrounded on all sides by lovely summer resorts which are easily reached, some by land 
 over finely macadamized roads, others by sea in comfortable and commodious steamers. But the city is itself a 
 choice summer resort. Nowhere are there better facilities for boating, bathing, fishing and driving. Like Newport, 
 it has an ocean drive, three and a half miles in length, around the Point, which is a never-failing source of pleasure 
 in smnmer. And the nights are always cool and invigorating. 
 
 New Bedford desires and welcomes new industries. It offers cheap land, water and coal, excellent trans- 
 portation facilities by land and water, low taxes and a climate which, for manufactures as well as for general health, 
 is nowhere excelled in this country. It has over thirty-five churches, a magnificent school system and three news- 
 papers, the younial. Standard and Mercury. Many fine buildings adorn its streets, and its private residences 
 are unique. 
 
NEW BEDFORD. 
 
 357 
 
 CHARLES SUMNER ASHLEY, mayor of the city 
 of New Bedford in the years 1891 and 1892, 
 is one of the youngest executive ofificers the city has 
 had, but his administration promises to leave behind 
 it a record of extensive work in the direction of im- 
 proving and beautifying the city which will make it long 
 memorable. Particularly will this be so in regard to the 
 system of public parks now being laid out. These 
 parks, three in number, and all of them finely located, 
 will fill a " long-felt 
 want "of a very real 
 nature, and will add 
 greatly to the attrac- 
 tiveness of an already 
 beautiful city. Mr. 
 Ashley is now only 
 thirty-four years of 
 age. He is the son 
 of Joshua B. Ashley, 
 a well-known citizen 
 of New Bedford. 
 .\tter he had gradu- 
 ated from the gram- 
 mar school, natural 
 inclinations led him 
 to enter at once on 
 a business career. 
 At the age of seven- 
 teen he formed a 
 copartnership in the 
 market business, con- 
 tinuing and increas- 
 ing this after his 
 partner's retire- 
 ment, and down to 
 the year 1889. In 
 that year he disposed 
 of the business, and 
 later, with Stephen 
 D. Pierce, opened a 
 
 clothing and furnishing goods store, where he now does 
 a very large business. He also conducts an extensive 
 wholesale pork business. Mayor Ashley is a Democrat, 
 and an earnest believer in the tenets of the Demo- 
 cratic party. As the party gains in strength in New 
 Bedford and vicinity, and it has recently gained greatly, 
 his part in its battles is likely to be a prominent one. 
 So far, howe\er, Mr. Ashley has been more closely iden- 
 tified with municipal than with State or national affairs, 
 
 CHARLES S. ASHLEY 
 
 and in municipal affairs he has figured not as the 
 Democrat, but as the citizen. His adherents in munici- 
 pal affairs are men of all political parties, and they are 
 now generally known as the " xAshley " party. The 
 public service of Mr. Ashley commenced in 1884, when, 
 at the age of twenty-six, he was chosen a member of 
 the Common Council. In 1886 he was elected to the 
 Board of Aldermen, being the only successful aldermanic 
 candidate on his ticket, and polling more votes than 
 
 the mayor elect. 
 After another year as 
 alderman, Mr. Ash- 
 ley was induced to 
 aim higher, and the 
 two following years 
 m a d e unsuccessful 
 fights for the may- 
 oralty. The defeats 
 were encouraging, 
 however, and the 
 third year brought 
 \' i c t o ry by one of 
 the largest majorities 
 in the city's history. 
 This was in 1890, and 
 in 1 89 1 the young 
 mayor was again 
 elected by a substan- 
 t i a 1 majority. As 
 m a y o r, Mr. Ashley 
 has been untiring in 
 his devotion to the 
 city's interests. He 
 is familiar with every 
 detail of Jhe city's 
 work, and has given 
 personal supervision 
 to much of it, includ- 
 ing the plotting of 
 the city, a work of 
 great value, which has been undertaken at his instiga- 
 tion. His administrations have given great satisfaction 
 to the citizens, regardless of party. Personally, the 
 mayor is a prince of good fellows. He makes friends 
 readily, and is known as a man who never fails to stand 
 by them. His devotion to the duties of his office and 
 the rare ability and tact he has displayed in fulfilling 
 them make him one of the most valuable public servants 
 New Bedford has ever had. 
 
358 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THROUGHOUT the State of Massachusetts, and 
 indeed throughout the country, no name is to-day 
 more generally associated with New Bedford than that 
 of the Hon. William Wallace Crapo. Mr. Crapo is the 
 son of Henry Howland Crapo, who was for four years 
 governor of Michigan. His father was a native of 
 Dartmouth, near New Bedford, where Mr. Crapo was 
 born, May i6, 1830. ."Xfter ]iassing through the public 
 schools of New Bedford, he prepared for college at 
 Phillips Academy, 
 Andover. He was 
 graduated from Yale 
 
 — which has since 
 conferred u]3on him 
 the degree of LL. D 
 
 — in the class of 
 1852. He studied 
 law in the Dane Law 
 School in Cambridge, 
 and in the office of 
 (Governor Clifford in 
 New Bedford. In 
 1855 he was admitted 
 to the bar, and en- 
 tered upon practice 
 in New Bedford. Mr. 
 Crapo's political ca- 
 reer began in 1856, 
 when he took the 
 stump for John C. 
 Fremont. In the 
 same year, when only 
 twenty-six years of 
 age, he was elected 
 to the Massachusetts 
 House of Represen- 
 tatives. In 1857 he 
 declined a nomina- 
 tion to the State Sen- 
 ate. Mr. Crapo is 
 
 most widely known through his service in Congress. 
 He was elected to fill a vacancy in the Forty-fourth 
 Congress, and was returned for three succeeding terms 
 thereafter. In the Forty-fifth Congress he was a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. In the Forty- 
 sixth he served on the Committee on Banking and Cur- 
 rency, and in the Forty-seventh he was chairman of this 
 important committee. In this capacity he won the ad- 
 miration and confidence of the business men of the 
 
 WILLIAM W. CRAPO 
 
 country by the ability and sagacity with which he car- 
 ried through, against determined opposition, the bill to 
 extend the charter of the national banks. By other 
 legislative work he enhanced the national reputation 
 thus acquired. His speeches, argumentative, calm, 
 convincing, then, as now, commanded attention and 
 stimulated thought. In recent years Mr. Crapo's name 
 has on several occasions been brought before the Re- 
 publican State conventions of Massachusetts in connec- 
 tion with the nom- 
 ination for governor. 
 His attitude on these 
 occasions has greatly 
 increased the respect 
 with which the peo- 
 ple regard him. He 
 has refused to be in 
 any sense a self- 
 seeker or to have 
 ^^ ^ used in his behalf 
 
 ^iSff political methods 
 
 which are often more 
 effective than credit- 
 able. He believes — 
 and lives uji to his 
 belief — that the 
 office should seek the 
 man, not the man the 
 office. In the affairs 
 of the city of New- 
 Bedford, Mr. Crapo 
 has always been most 
 deeply interested. 
 .An enthusiastic ad- 
 mirer of its natural 
 beauties, he has been, 
 and is, an earnest 
 and liberal supporter 
 of all movements 
 tending to its best 
 development. .As ])rivate and business lawyer, bank pres- 
 ident, president and director of large manufacturing and 
 railroad enterprises, and in many other positions of re- 
 sponsibility, he has actjuired the reputation of a financier 
 of rare ability, a business man of sagacity, judgment and 
 prudence and a citizen of kindly and generous tenden- 
 cies. In New Bedford no man enjoys the trust and 
 esteem of all sections of the community more full\' 
 than William W. Crapo. 
 
NE IV BEDFORD. 
 
 359 
 
 THE tamily of which Governor John H. Clifford of 
 Massachusetts was the head has been for sixty 
 years past, and is to-day, most prominently identified 
 with New Bedford. In 1S27 Mr. Clifford came to New 
 Bedford to study law, the profession in which he after- 
 wards achieved such remarkaljle success, and which is 
 to-day adorned by his sons. Thereafter this city was his 
 home. He was at various times member of the State 
 House of Representatives, member and ]iresident of the 
 State Senate, district 
 attorney for the 
 southern district of 
 Massachusetts, attor- 
 ney-general (for 
 seven years), and 
 governor of the 
 Commonwealth. 
 He died, Jan. 2, 
 1876. Governor 
 Clifford married Sa- 
 rah Parker .-Mien, 
 daughter of William 
 Howland ."Mien, of 
 New Bedford, who 
 still sur\ives. Mrs. 
 Clifford is a direct 
 descendant of Cap- 
 tain Myles Standish 
 of Plymouth, while 
 the governor was a 
 descendant of Gov- 
 ernor May hew, of 
 Martha's Vineyard. 
 They had nine chil- 
 dren, of whom the 
 male survivors are 
 Charles Warren and 
 Walter Clifford, both 
 distinguished mem- 
 bers of the bar of 
 
 Bristol County, and prominent figures in the public 
 affairs of the State. Charles W. Clifford was born -Aug. 
 19, 1844, graduated from Harvard in July, 1865, and stud- 
 ied law. It was his chosen profession from his earliest 
 years, and one for which experience has proved him 
 eminently qualified. He was for many years associated 
 with Hon. George Marston in partnership, and in the 
 trial of important causes, and is now of the firm of 
 Crapo, Clifford & Clifford. In 1876 he was one of the 
 
 JOHN H. CLIFFORD 
 
 commissioners to revise the judiciary system of the 
 Commonwealth, and in i8gi received the almost unani- 
 mous support of the bar of Massachusetts for appoint- 
 ment as judge of the Circuit Court. He holds many 
 positions of honor and influence in the State and the 
 city, and is largely interested in the most important 
 financial and manufacturing enterprises of New Bed- 
 ford. He married, 1869, Frances Lothrop, daughter of 
 Charles I,, and Elizabeth T. Wood, of New Bedford, 
 
 who died in 1872. 
 In 1876 he married 
 Wilhelmina H., 
 daughter of the late 
 ( iovernor Crapo, of 
 Michigan. Walter 
 Clifford was born 
 Aug. 1 1, 1849, grad- 
 uated in 187 1 from 
 Harvard College, 
 and from Harvard 
 Law .School in 1875. 
 He was associated 
 with the office of 
 Marston & Crapo 
 from 1875 to 1878, 
 and since then has 
 been a member of 
 the firm of Crapo, 
 Clifford & Clifford. 
 As mayor of New 
 Bedford in 1889 and 
 1890, he made a 
 splendid record, 
 alike in valuable and 
 enduring work ac- 
 complished for the 
 city, and in increas- 
 ing popularity with 
 the people. Mr. 
 Clifford is an earnest 
 and vigorous Republican. As a member of the Repub- 
 lican State Central Committee he has taken a prominent 
 place in the party councils. He was a delegate to the 
 Minneapolis convention (1892). He is a sound lawyer, 
 a capable business man, an able politician, an eloquent 
 and graceful speaker, and a courteous and honorable 
 gentleman. He married, in 1878, Harriet Perry, 
 daughter of Congressman Charles S. and Sarah (Perry) 
 Randall, and has four children. 
 
36o 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FROM New Bedford's earliest days, the Rotch family 
 have been most prominently identified with its 
 growth and development, seven generations having lived 
 consecutively within its limits. It was Joseph Rotch, 
 an enterprising merchant of Nantucket, who in 1765 
 came here and established himself in the whaling busi- 
 ness, and gave to the little hamlet to which his arrival 
 brought new hfe, the name of Bedford Village. Mr. 
 Rotch's selection of this harbor as one especially 
 adapted for the pros- 
 ecution of the whale 
 fishery was the first 
 step in the develop- 
 ment of a great in- 
 dustry and an impor- 
 tant city. Later 
 generations have dis- 
 played the same en- 
 ter p r i s e , industry, 
 and public spirit 
 which characterized 
 their ancestor, and 
 to-day the Rotch 
 family is still found 
 at the front in efforts 
 to develop the city 
 and its industries. 
 The senior member 
 of the family is Hon. 
 William J. Rotch. 
 He is a son of Joseph 
 Rotch (a great- 
 gran d s o n of the 
 Joseph Rotch above 
 named), and was 
 born in Philadelphia 
 May 2, 1819. In 
 1838 he was grad- 
 uated from Harvard 
 with his brother Ben- 
 jamin, the brothers being the two marshals of the class. 
 Soon after this, with his brother and Joseph Ricketson, 
 Mr. Rotch founded the New Bedford Cordage Com- 
 pany, which has developed into one of the most success- 
 ful industries in the city. Of this company he was 
 president for thirty-four years. The Rotch brothers 
 were among the first to recognize the value of the 
 McKay sewing machine, which, under the able manage- 
 ment of Gordon McKay, has obtained world-wide fame. 
 
 Mr. Rotch is president of the Howland Mills Corpora- 
 tion, the new Rotch Spinning Corporation and the 
 Rotch Wharf Company. He is vice-president of the 
 New Bedford Institution for Savings and a director of 
 most of the im]jortant manufacturing and financial 
 enterprises of the city, as well as of the Old Colony 
 Railroad. In these and many other positions Mr. Rotch 
 has won the confidence and esteem of all who know 
 him. Mr. Rotch's career in public life has been limited 
 
 only by his own in- 
 clinations. In 1852 
 he was elected the 
 second mayor of the 
 city of New Bedford. 
 Prior to this he had 
 served two years in 
 the General Court. 
 He was a member of 
 the military staff of 
 Governor C 1 i ff o rd . 
 But his ambitions 
 were not centered on 
 political preferment, 
 and he could not be 
 induced to aim 
 higher. He has, 
 however, been a 
 steadfast supporter 
 of the Republican 
 party since its for- 
 mation. Mr. Rotch 
 m a r r i e d, in 1S42, 
 Emily Morgan, 
 daughter of Charles 
 W. Morgan, of New 
 Bedford. She died 
 in I 8 6 I , lea\' i ng 
 seven children, all 
 of whom are still 
 living. In 1866 he 
 married Clara Morgan, and they have one daughter. 
 Mr. Rotch's New Bedford residence is one of the largest 
 and handsomest in the city. The grounds are alike 
 beautiful and extensive, and within are all the comforts 
 which wealth can bring. Here, surrounded by his 
 family and the friends of a lifetime, Mr. Rotch is still 
 actively engaged in the development of the many enter- 
 prises with which he is jirominently associated and 
 which he has done so much to promote. 
 
 WILLIAM J. ROTCH 
 
NEW BEDFORD. 
 
 361 
 
 MORGAN ROTCH is one of New Bedford's younger 
 men of mark who has won distinction in her 
 financial and poHtical interests. A son of Hon. Wil- 
 liam J. Rotch, whose life is sketched on another page, 
 he was born in New Bedford in 1848. He was edu- 
 cated at the Friends Academy in his native city, at 
 the Phillips (Exeter) Academy, and at Harvard Col- 
 lege, from which he was graduated in 1871. .After 
 leaving Harvard he spent a year in European travel, 
 and then entered 
 business in New Bed ■ 
 ford, first as a cotton 
 broker, and later as 
 a stock and note 
 broker. In the lat- 
 ter capacity he now 
 does a very extensive 
 business, and his 
 ofifice is one of the 
 financial centres of 
 the city. Mr. Rotch 
 is president of the 
 New Bedford Manu- 
 facturing Company, 
 and his services are 
 much sought after in 
 the direction of the 
 city's most important 
 enterprises. He is 
 now a director of the 
 Howland Mills Cor- 
 poration, the Rotch 
 Spinning Corpora- 
 tion, the Pierce 
 Manufacturing C o r - 
 poration, the South- 
 ern Massachusetts 
 Telephone Co m- 
 pany, the National 
 Bank of Commerce, 
 
 the New Bedford Cordage Company, the New Bedford 
 Opera House Company the Pairpoint Manufacturing 
 Company, and the Illinois Steel Company. His con- 
 nection with the enterprises with which he is associated 
 is always an active one, and it never fails to be for the 
 benefit of the stockholders. In politics Mr. Rotch has 
 had all the honors he has sought, and has refused more. 
 He entered the Common Council of the city as a young 
 man of thirty, and made his influence quickly felt. 
 
 MORGAN ROTCH 
 
 Four years in succession (1885-88) he was elected to 
 the mayor's chair, being returned on each occasion by 
 majorities which attested his -growing popularity. His 
 administration was marked by the agitation and adop- 
 tion of many much needed improvements, including 
 extensive and beneficial work upon the streets, the con- 
 struction of a new system of sewerage in a thickly 
 populated part of the city, and the reorganization of the 
 poor department. Since he left the mayor's chair Mr. 
 
 Rotch has continued 
 to be a prominent 
 figure in municipal 
 affairs, and as a mem- 
 ber and first chair- 
 man of the Board of 
 Public Works, which 
 has entire charge of 
 the streets, he has 
 done, and is doing, 
 excellent work for 
 the city. Mr. Rotch's 
 zealous work for the 
 Republican party, of 
 which he has always 
 been a consistent 
 adherent, was recog- 
 nized by Governor 
 .Ames, who selected 
 him as a member of 
 his military staff. In 
 1 89 1 he was elected 
 to the State Senate, 
 where he served with 
 distinction for one 
 term, refusing a re- 
 nomination for busi- 
 ness reasons. Mr. 
 Rotch was elected 
 president of the Bris- 
 tol County Agricultu- 
 ral Society in 1891, and his association with and work 
 for it has given this society a new vigor. On Dec. 4, 
 1879, Mr. Rotch was married to Miss Josephine G. 
 Grinnell, of New Bedford. They have two children. 
 He is a member of the Wamsutta Club, New Bedford ; 
 the Somerset, Country, and Athletic clubs, Boston, and 
 the Union and University clubs, New York. In the 
 social and financial circles of the two last-named cities 
 Mr. Rotch is well known and ver)' popular. 
 
362 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 GEORGE F. BARTLETT was born in New Bed- 
 ford, May 4, 1828. He is descended from the 
 Rev. Ivory Hovey, who graduated at Har\ard College 
 in 1733 and died at South Plymouth (.Manomet) in 
 1803, aged ninety years. Two pastorates covered his 
 life-work at Rochester and Manomet. His grandfather 
 was Deacon Abner Bartlett of Manomet, prominent in 
 town and State councils. His parents were Ivory Ho\ey 
 Bartlett and Betsy Clark, both of Manomet. He was 
 educated in the pub- 
 lic schools, graduat- 
 ing at the high 
 school, December, 
 
 1844. He attended 
 Phi 11 i 13S Academy, 
 A n d o \' e r, during 
 
 1 845, and the Friends 
 Academy, in New 
 Bedford, the winter 
 terms of 1845-46. 
 He is a Republican 
 in politics, and wor- 
 ships with the Ortho- 
 dox Congregational 
 Church. He entered 
 his father's counting- 
 room April T, 1846, 
 became a ]}artner in 
 1854, and is the sur- 
 vi vi ng ]) art ner of 
 Ivory H. Bartlett & 
 Sons. He was 
 elected director of 
 the Merchants' Na- 
 tional Bank in 1865, 
 and a member of the 
 board of public works 
 in 1 89 1 for three 
 years, now serving in 
 both. His business 
 
 is whaling and commission. His firm has for fifty-two 
 years been the purchasing agents for the London house 
 of Langton & Bicknells, and in 1861 bought twenty- 
 four whalers for the Stone fleet. In 1852 he married 
 Clara Gordon Nye, daughter of the late Gideon Nye and 
 Sylvia Hathaway Nye, of Acushnet. They had eight 
 children, three of whom are living. His eldest son, 
 the late Frederick Carew Smyth, graduated from Har- 
 vard College in 1875, ^nd became a partner with the 
 
 distinguished law firm of Crapo, Clifford & Clifford. In 
 1877 he took passage for .San Francisco in the ship 
 "Syren." In 1878 he visited Europe, going from New 
 Bedford to London docks in Norwegian brig, " Noatum." 
 In 1882 he married Abby Gibbs Wood, daughter of the 
 late James B. Wood. He died in 1886, aged thirty- 
 three, leaving a widow and two sons, Geoffrey and Clif- 
 ford. He was twice elected selectman, and to the State 
 Legislature, from Fairhaven, and was serving at the time 
 
 of his death. His 
 second son, Gideon 
 Nye, was a passenger 
 in whaling bark 
 "Ocean," in 1874, 
 returning from l''a\al 
 in the " Fredonia." 
 He visited, on busi- 
 ness, the Sandwich 
 Islands in 1875 and 
 1876, and the Arctic 
 |fc|^ Ocean in 1878 as 
 
 >C-^ supercargo of ship 
 
 " Syren" to St. Law- 
 rence Bay, Siberia, 
 where she took a 
 cargo of oil and 
 bone and returned 
 to New Bedfo rd, 
 while he continued 
 to the Arctic Ocean 
 in whaleship " Rain- 
 bow," Cogan, master, 
 going as far east as 
 Camden Bay, near 
 McKenzie River, and 
 west to Herald 
 Islands. He now is 
 manager of the To- 
 bin Whalebone Com- 
 pany. New York. 
 He married, in 1881, Stella May Smith, of San Fran- 
 cisco, and has two children, George Gordon and Alice 
 Church. His third son, the late George F., Jr., died in 
 Mexico, in 1881, in the employ of Kidder, Peabody 
 & Co., of Boston, at the Cusihuiriachic mining camp, 
 after three months' residence there, aged twenty-four 
 years. His youngest son, Clarence Hathaway, entered 
 the employ of the banking house of Sanford &: Kelley, 
 of New Bedford, in 1885, where he is now book-keeper. 
 
 GEORGE F. BARTLETT 
 
NEW BEDFORD. 
 
 363 
 
 NO man has been more prominently associated with 
 the public affairs of New Bedford during the last 
 half century than George B. Richmond. Mr. Rich- 
 mond is a nati\e of the city, and was born Nov. 9, 182 1, 
 his parents being Gideon Richmond, of Dighton, and 
 Rebecca (Barstow) Richmond, of Scituate. He was 
 educated at the schools of New Bedford and Middle- 
 boro, and at Brown University, where ill health cut 
 short his studies during the first term of his junior year. 
 Returning to New 
 Bedford, he entered 
 on a business life, 
 and i m m e d i a t e 1 y 
 became identified 
 with the public in- 
 terests of the city. 
 In 1 85 1 he was 
 elected to the State 
 Legislature on the 
 Whig ticket. In 
 1 86 1 he was ap- 
 l)ointed inspector, 
 weigher, ganger and 
 measurer in the New 
 Bedford C u s t o m 
 House, and heUl 
 that office till he re- 
 signed in 1874. Mr. 
 Richmond was five 
 times mayor of New 
 Bedford. For twelve 
 successive years, 
 with a single excep- 
 tion, he was before 
 the people as the 
 champion of pro- 
 hibition and the en- 
 forcement of the 
 liquor laws, and he 
 sat in the mayor's 
 
 chair in the years 1870, 1871, 1872, 1874 and 187S. 
 His administration won wide attention and was cited 
 everywhere by temperance advocates as proving the 
 efficiency of Prohibition liquor laws when honestly 
 enforced. To this day the name of George B. Rich- 
 mond makes the blood of a New Bedford liquor seller 
 run cold. His administration of the city's affairs was 
 also signalized by a new era in the extension of streets 
 and by many other important improvements incidental 
 
 GEORGE B. RICHMOND 
 
 to its development from a whaling to a great manufac- 
 turing city. In State affairs Mr. Richmond has been 
 most prominent. In 1873 he was appointed by Gover- 
 nor Washburn one of the police commissioners of the 
 Commonwealth, and remained on the commission till 
 it was abolished. In 1880 and 1881 he represented his 
 district in the State Senate, and was chairman in the 
 latter year of the Committee on Public Charitable 
 Institutions and the Liquor Laws. In 1883 he was 
 
 appointed registrar 
 of deeds for the 
 Southern Bristol Dis- 
 trict, to fill a vacancy, 
 and he has since 
 occupied this posi- 
 tion by the choice 
 of the people again 
 and again expressed. 
 He has been a trus- 
 tee of Westboro In- 
 'Utt , sane Asylum since 
 
 1886 by appointment 
 of C;o\ ernors Robin- 
 son, Ames and Rus- 
 sell. For years Mr. 
 Richmond has been 
 a Republican leader. 
 As member of the 
 Repul)lican State 
 Committee, chair- 
 man of the Republi- 
 can City Committee, 
 and in many similar 
 capacities he has 
 done invaluable 
 work for his party. 
 In 1888 he declined 
 further election to 
 these offices. But he 
 is still as then an 
 ardent Republican. Mr. Richmond is chairman of the 
 Board of Trustees of the First Baptist Society, a member 
 of the Baptist church, and was for five years superin- 
 tendent of its Sunday school. He was for seven years 
 president of the New Bedford Young Men's Christian 
 Association. He is now one of the trustees of the Five 
 Cents Savings Bank. Mr. Richmond has been thrice 
 married and has had seven children, of whom five are 
 living. 
 
364 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WILLIAM D. HOWLAND. 
 
 WILLIAM D. HOWLAND is a prominent rep- 
 resentative of the mill interests of New Bed- 
 ford. As treasurer of the New Bedford Manufacturing 
 Company, the Rowland Mills Corporation and the 
 recently organized Rotch Spinning Corporation, he 
 directs the affairs of three of the most im])ortant manu- 
 facturing enterprises of the city. Mr. Howland is the 
 youngest son of Matthew and Rachel Howland, and was 
 born in New Bedford in 1853. His family name is one 
 which has always been prominent in the history of New 
 Bedford, and his ancestors for several generations have 
 held positions of honor in the community. His grand- 
 father, George Howland, who was born in Fairhaven in 
 1 781, was one of the old-time whaling merchants of 
 New Bedford, and one of its most prominent and re- 
 spected citizens. He was the first president of the 
 Bedford Commercial Bank, now the National Bank of 
 Commerce, one of the incorporators of the Insti- 
 tution for Savings, and a pioneer in the movement 
 which brought the railroad to New Bedford. His son, 
 Matthew, the father of William D., also engaged in the 
 whaling business. He was a director of the National 
 Bank of Commerce, and was closely and liberally iden- 
 tified with many efforts for the moral and religious 
 improvement of the community. Mr. Howland was 
 educated at the Friends Academy in his native city, 
 and at Brown University. He entered, in 1879, the 
 employ of the A\'amsutta Mills Corporation. Four years 
 later he organized the New Bedford Manufacturing 
 Company for the manufacture of cotton yarns. In this 
 project he was aided by many friends of the How- 
 land family, who were probably led to interest them- 
 selves in it more from personal than from business 
 considerations. But before many months had passed 
 they found that the in\estment was to prove a most 
 
 valuable one. Almost from the start the record of the 
 concern has been one of constant growth and exten- 
 sion. In the spring of 1886 a second and larger mill 
 was built by the company. In 1888 the Howland Mills 
 were erected by a new corporation composed largely 
 of the same individuals. Soon a second Howland Mill 
 was erected, and to this a large addition was made 
 later. And now, in 1892, the Rotch Spinning Corpo- 
 ration has been organized, and its fine new mill is al- 
 ready partially in operation. The three concerns, 
 though quite distinct, are yet closely allied. Their total 
 capital stock is $2,000,000, and they have in all 136,000 
 spindles. The Howland Mill Village has acquired al- 
 most a national reputation. This splendid collection 
 of workmen's homes is the outcome of a plan formed 
 by Mr. Howland in 1888 by which to secure and retain 
 the best class of operatives. A large tract of land was 
 laid out by the corporation, with wide, well-built streets, 
 and some fifty or more model single houses, fitted 
 with all modern conveniences, and surrounded by an 
 abundance of ground, were built. These houses are 
 let or sold outright on reasonable terms to the em- 
 ployees, and effort is put forth to make them in every 
 way as attractive as possible. The scheme was under- 
 taken not from ])hilanthropic but from the broadest 
 economic motives. The result has been most encour- 
 aging, and has shown that consideration for the welfare 
 of the help proves mutually beneficial. Mr. Howland 
 is also president of the Pierce & Bushnell Manufactur- 
 ing Company, manufacturers of pastels, etchings, etc., a 
 trustee of the New Bedford Institution for Savings, and 
 a director of the National Bank of Commerce and the 
 New Bedford Safe Deposit and Trust Company. He is a 
 Republican in politics, and a strong believer in protection 
 as a factor in the development of American industries. 
 
^KsJUi --' ^<'V:. (^ 
 
 
 THE site on which the city of Lowell was founded is full of historic interest, for here gathered the redskin to 
 partake of Nature's l)ounties, and here came the settler to take advantage of Nature's inducements and 
 usurp the reign of the Indian. Like all New England cities and towns, Lowell's history is interw-o\en with that of 
 an old-time parish, for before Lowell there was East Chelmsford, a hamlet in the wilderness north of Boston, with 
 a tavern for the accommodation of wayfarers on the higl\way between Boston and Vermont. 
 
 This was at the opening of the present century, and eight years before " The Proprietors of the Locks and 
 Canals on the Merrimack River" had been incorporated, and a canal around the falls in the Merrimack, now Paw- 
 tucket Falls, built. Through this canal was floated, from time to time, lumber from the North to the sea. Twenty 
 years later, the insignificant hamlet had become a village, with two hundred and fifty inhabitants, several indus- 
 tries, a grist mill, and a water highway to Boston. But the creative hand of enterprise had not touched the mighty 
 force of the Merrimack ; only the-falls in its tributary, the Concord, were yielding wealth through its industries. 
 
 To Francis Cabot Lowell, New England is indebted for it.s cotton industries, for in 1813, with Patrick T. 
 Jackson and Nathan .\ppleton, he obtained an act of incorporation to manufacture, and his plans were a few years 
 later, though after his death, put into execution at Lowell in 1822 by the erection of a cotton mill, under the 
 direction of the Merrimack Manufacturing Company. 
 
 This company paid nearly fifty thousand dollars for water rights on the Pawtucket canal, and Sept. i, 1823, 
 the first wheel was started. A year later St. Anne's Church was built, and soon after came the incorporation of 
 other mills named after the early mill owners, Appleton, Boott and Jackson. 
 
 L'ntil 1836 Lowell was still a town, but of size and importance to receive municipal privileges, which this 
 year were granted. The pioneer cotton manufactories were drawing thousands of people, and the tide did not 
 turn until the panic of 1857. The cotton mills suffered with the other industries of the country. For a time the 
 growth was checked, but in 1870 the population was 40,928, the area 3,838 acres, with fifty miles of streets, and 
 property valued at $25,922,488. There were fifteen manufacturing corporations and seven other concerns, with 
 property valued at twelve millions. The last census shows that the population exceeds 80,000, making it the 
 thirty-seventh in the list of American cities, and in point of industries entitled to the name of the " Manchester of 
 America." Since 1836 its area had increased fourfold ; it had 11,200 dwellings, valued at $62,046,799. Its accepted 
 streets were over no miles in length, with nine miles granite paved, and 56 miles of sewers. Its water is the 
 best and its gas the cheapest in New England. The forty incorporated companies had property valued at 
 $26,224,115, while in textile mills were employed 24,172 persons, 2,838 in machine shops, 1,050 in wood working, 
 560 in leather, and 2,500 in other industries, a total of 31,120 operatives. 
 
 The character of the people is exemplary, riots or strikes being almost unknown, there being little. or no 
 vagabond element and no socialistic agitation to disturb the peace of the community. A large proportion of the 
 wage earners are housed in their own homes. When the mills were first opened the operatives were drawn from 
 the towns and villages of New England. Now all is changed, for the foreign element, represented by French 
 Canadians, British, Irish and Swedes have flocked in, readily finding work as new industries are developed. The 
 cost of living is lower than in any other city in the country, due to the boarding-house system, inaugurated when 
 the cotton mills were first built. It costs a man $2.90 per week and a woman S2.25 for good substantial food at 
 these boarding-houses, and the corporation pays a stated sum for each boarder. 
 
 The industries are manifold, but cotton manufacturing is the staple of the great trade. The annual output 
 in 1891 was over 257,800,000 yards of cloth, and 103,000,000 yards of calico printed, in seven corporations, 
 valued at $19,572,556 ; eight mills manufacturing woollens and carpets had an output of $11,422,921 ; twelve mills 
 making elastic webbing, suspenders, etc., aggregate a business of $5,550,000 ; bleachery and dye works, $1,000,500 ; 
 machinery, $6,460,000; wood working, $4,180,500; mill supplies, $2,000,000; medicines and perfumes, 
 ^6,000,000; miscellaneous, $5,000,000, a total amount of business of $76,503,782. 
 
366 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS 0/ TO-DAY. 
 
 GEORGE W. FIFIELD, ex-mayor of the city 
 of Lowell, is the largest manufacturer of engine 
 lathes in the United States, and a worker in the iron 
 business extensively known in manufacturing circles. 
 He is a native of Belmont, N. H., and at the age of 
 eighteen years went to Lowell, and became an appren- 
 tice in the machinery trade. He has made his home 
 there ever since, and from a machinist's apprentice he 
 became a master workman and finally in a small way 
 branched out into 
 building engine 
 
 lathes, a business 
 
 which has had a sur- 
 prising growth. 
 These have been 
 years of hard work 
 for JMr. Fifield, and 
 he has attended 
 strictly to his busi- 
 ness, entering public 
 life but seldom. He 
 first became well 
 known as an alder- 
 man, serving in 1883 
 and 1884, and his 
 work there indicated 
 that he was business 
 to the backbone. In 
 1891 and 1892 he 
 served as mayor of 
 the city, defeating at 
 the polls, on two oc- 
 casions, the strongest 
 Republican candi- 
 date who could be 
 pitted against him . 
 Politically, he is a 
 Democrat of the 
 stanchest kind, and 
 has been for several 
 
 years on the Democratic State Central Committee. Mr. 
 Fifield is looked upon as the type of a conser\ ative, sub- 
 stantial business man, one of whom all Lowell speaks in 
 highest terms, and one who as a mayor was thoroughly be- 
 lieved in by the taxpayers of the city. He has shown his 
 business ability in his management of the Lowell Elec- 
 tric Light Company, of which he has been president 
 since 1883, and since which time it has developed from 
 a small plant in a hired building to one of the largest 
 
 GEORGE W. FIFIELD 
 
 electric companies of New England, with buildings 
 covering a large territory. It was perhaps this fact more 
 than any other which brought Mr. Fifield prominently 
 before the public as a business representative of the 
 people. His own business he had developed from a 
 small shop to a big one employing scores of skilled 
 mechanics. Mr. Fifield has inany financial enterprises 
 in different parts of the country, and to look after their 
 interests he travels a great deal. Whenever political 
 
 material is needed in 
 the big campaigns 
 Mr. Fifield is the 
 most sought after of 
 all the Lowell manu- 
 f ac t u r e r s, as his 
 knowledge of the 
 manufacturing inter- 
 ests of all sections of 
 the country is very 
 extensive. Espe- 
 cially in mining mat- 
 ters is he conversant, 
 and besides he is a 
 believer in free coal 
 and iron as the 
 greatest need of New 
 England industries. 
 Personally, Mr. Fi- 
 field is a very enter- 
 taining talker, and 
 whatever he says is 
 strictly reliable. As 
 mayor of the city he 
 gave a purely busi- 
 ness atlministration, 
 and tax]>ayers with- 
 out regartl to party 
 had the greatest con- 
 fidence in him. He 
 declined to serve 
 another term, owing to the demands of his business. He 
 is in the directory of the Lowell banks, and resides in 
 a magnificent house in the Highlands. Like all resi- 
 dents of that section of the city, he does his utmost to 
 make it the ideal residential ward. Mr. Fifield's name 
 has often been mentioned in connection with higher 
 political honors than the mayoralty of Lowell, but his 
 large business interests are such that he cannot neglect 
 them. In the social life of Lowell, he is very popular. 
 
LOWELL. 
 
 367 
 
 JOHN JAMES PICKMAN, mayor elect of Lowell, 
 was born in this city, Jan. 9, 1850. He comes from 
 rugged Scotch stock, his father, David Pickman, being 
 the personification of sturdy honesty and sterling worth, 
 and though of Scotch birth, a patriotic and zealous 
 American citizen to those of the city who shared his 
 acquaintance. The mayor received his education in 
 the public schools of his native city, and at the age of 
 sixteen years he was graduated from the high school 
 and entered at once 
 upon the study of law, 
 
 being graduated at ' 
 
 the Harvard Law 
 School in 1869, while 
 lacking two years of 
 his majority. On his 
 attaining his twenty- 
 first birthday he was 
 admitted to practice 
 in the Middlesex 
 County bar, and at 
 once laid the foun- 
 dation of that repu- 
 tation which justifies 
 his choice of a pro- 
 fession. Mayor Pick- 
 man has had a varied 
 municipal and legis- 
 lative experience, 
 having first been sent 
 to the Common 
 Council in 1876 and 
 1877 from his own 
 ward, then in 1879 
 and 1880 to the 
 lower branch of the 
 General Court, and 
 from 1882 to 1885 
 to the School Board, 
 in all of which ofifices 
 
 he performed painstaking and conscientious work. In 
 1885 he was commissioned an associate justice of the 
 Police Court by Governor Ames, and he still retains the 
 office, sitting on criminal and civil cases whenever the 
 regular justice is absent. In 1886 he was city solicitor, 
 and his important cases of the year were the suits 
 brought by the largest manufacturing corporations to 
 recover excess in taxation of their property by the city 
 assessors. The cases commenced at this time have 
 
 I 
 
 JOHN J. PICKMAN. 
 
 only just been finished, and it is worthy of note that 
 the legal questions raised and finally decided by the 
 highest court in the Commonwealth were without prec- 
 edent. Professionally, Mayor Pickman is a self-reliant, 
 sound and safe practitioner, who is widely and thor- 
 oughly esteemed by his associates at the bar. He is 
 a speaker of more than ordinary ability, and is sure to 
 impress his hearers with his earnestness and his sin- 
 cerity. Personally, Mayor Pickman is a man of varied 
 
 attainments and de- 
 lightful character. 
 He has a genial and 
 hearty disposition, a 
 keen wit and a rich 
 store of literary 
 knowledge. He is 
 an ardent lover of 
 nature, and enjoys no 
 leisure better than 
 that which comes 
 with a life in the 
 camp, a tramp among 
 the hills or a voyage 
 in a frail canoe. He 
 has been abroad sev- 
 eral times, and his 
 observations have 
 given him an origi- 
 nality of thought, 
 wh i c h, wh en ex- 
 pressed, is both de- 
 lightfully entertaining 
 and instructive. 
 Mayor Pickman is a 
 member of the 
 Mayors' _Club, is a 
 Freemason, and has 
 had great success as 
 the president of the 
 Lowell Republican 
 Club. Despite the fact that Lowell is a Democratic 
 stronghold, he was elected upon the Republican ticket 
 to the mayoralty, — a worthy expression of his popularity 
 among the citizens of his native city, regardless of party 
 lines. His extended experience in municipal affairs, his 
 ability as a lawyer and his wide culture conspire to make 
 Mayor Pickman a thoroughly representative man of the 
 Commonwealth. It is anticipated that his administra- 
 tion as mayor will be successful. 
 
368 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FREDERIC T. GREENHALGE, lawyer and orator, 
 who represented the Eighth Massachusetts Con- 
 gressional District in the Fifty-first Congress, is one of 
 the most brilliant of Lowell's many lawyers, and an ora- 
 tor and political speaker of great reputation throughout 
 New England. He was born in Clitheroe, a parliamen- 
 tary borough of England, in the county of I^ancaster, 
 July 19, 1842. His father, William Greenhalge, removed 
 to Lowell in 1854, and assumed charge of the copper 
 roller engraving in 
 the Merrimack Print 
 Works. His son, 
 Frederic, entered the 
 public schools, and 
 passed the grammar 
 and high school 
 grades, attracting at- 
 tention as a scholar 
 of unusual ability. 
 He graduated from 
 the high school as 
 a Carney medal 
 scholar. Li debate 
 and declamation 
 young Greenhalge 
 had already made his 
 mark, the forecast of 
 of a brilliant career 
 in later life. In 1859 
 he entered Harvard 
 College, intending to 
 pursue a full colle- 
 giate course, but the 
 death of his father 
 brought him face to 
 face with the r e- 
 sponsibilities of life 
 in a busy world, and 
 so, relintiuishing his 
 hopes for a college 
 
 education, he secured a teacher's position. While pur- 
 suing this vocation he found time to study law, and just 
 before the outbreak of the war entered the law office 
 of Brown & Alger. In 1S63 he went into the army, 
 and was connected with the commissary department at 
 Newbern, N. C. While there he was stricken with ma- 
 larial fever, and after months of sickness he was sent 
 home. Slowly he recovered, and then resumed the 
 study of law, and in 1865 was admitted to the Middle- 
 
 FREDERIC T. GREENHALGE 
 
 sex bar. He early received recognition for his abili- 
 ties, and in Lowell became quite popular. In 1868 and 
 1869 he served in the Common Council, and in 1871 
 was elected to the School Board for two years. He 
 devoted himself strictly to the practice of his profession, 
 and received the appointment of special justice of the 
 Municipal Court. In the years 1880 and 1881 he was 
 elected mayor, and his administration was a successful 
 and thoroughly business-like one. From this time on he 
 
 became recognized 
 as a speaker of ex- 
 ceptional brilliancy, 
 and especially upon 
 educational topics he 
 was in demand as a 
 lecturer. In the po- 
 litical campaign of 
 i888 the Republicans 
 nominated him for 
 congressman, and he 
 was elected a m i d 
 great enthusiasm. At 
 \V ashing ton he at 
 once took a foremost 
 position in the ranks 
 of the House leaders, 
 his speeches receiv- 
 ing immediate atten- 
 tion from the press 
 all over the country, 
 especially his debates 
 as a member of the 
 Inflections Committee 
 during the legislative 
 fight over the unseat- 
 ing of several South- 
 ern Democrats, and 
 the seating of Re- 
 publicans in their 
 stead. In 1890 he 
 was again a candidate, but failed to secure a re-elec- 
 tion, and for the time being his political career is' 
 ended. Mr. Greenhalge has a great depth of knowl- 
 edge, and this, combined with keen wit, makes him a 
 favorite speaker at important gatherings, educational 
 and religious. He has held and still holds many minor 
 but important offices, as commissioner in insolvency, 
 and master in many law cases. He has been president 
 of the Unitarian Club of Lowell. 
 
LOWELL. 
 
 369 
 
 CHARLES I. HOOD, proprietary medicine manu- 
 facturer, was born in Chelsea, the shire town of 
 Orange County, Vermont, in 1845, his father, Amos R. 
 Hood, being a native of the town, and for many years 
 the leading druggist. In his early life he acquired a 
 liking for the drug trade, and was in the store enough 
 to get a general idea of the business. He obtained his 
 education at the common schools and at the academy 
 in Chelsea, and immediately after completing his aca- 
 demic course went 
 to Lowell with a de- 
 termination to thor- 
 oughly master all the 
 details of the drug 
 trade. He served a 
 five years' apprentice- 
 ship with Samuel 
 Kidder, one of the 
 best known of Low- 
 ell's druggists, and at 
 the expiration of the 
 time took the posi- 
 tion of prescription 
 clerk in the estab- 
 lishment of Theodore 
 Metcalf & Co., Bos- 
 ton, where he gained 
 an experience which 
 has been invaluable 
 to him in buying 
 materials for and in 
 the i)reparation of 
 medicines. In 1870 
 he left Metcalf's and 
 with a partner opened 
 a drug store in Low- 
 ell at the corner of 
 Merrimack and Cen- 
 tral streets. It was 
 while here that Mr. 
 
 Hood conceived the idea of making and offering to the 
 public a new medicine, — Hood's sarsaparilla. In 1875 
 the young druggists began in a small way to compound 
 the sarsaparilla, and to-day the preparation is known 
 and used all over the world. Mr. Hood has manufac- 
 tured sarsaparilla ever since, and in doing so has paid 
 strict attention to his business, declining all invitations 
 to allow his name to be used for political honors, and in 
 fact keeping personally out of public sight, but enter- 
 
 CHARLES I. HOOD. 
 
 prisingly pushing his preparations into the best markets. 
 To pen a sketch of Mr. Hood is to describe the wonder- 
 ful growth of the manufacture of Hood's sarsaparilla. 
 The sales increased rapidly, and in 1878 the drug store 
 becoming overcrowded, a floor in the Southwick Block 
 was taken. Next year larger quarters were demanded, 
 and accordingly a five years' lease of a wooden building 
 on Church Street was taken. In three years the busi- 
 ness had increased so wonderfully that greater accom- 
 
 m o d a t i o n s were 
 needed, and land on 
 Thorndike Street 
 was purchased. Up 
 till 1878 two hundred 
 square feet in area 
 accommodated the 
 business ; the fine 
 four-story brick 
 building erected in 
 1883 covered 5,000 
 square feet of land. 
 In 18S6, an addition 
 to this building made 
 the entire structure 
 229 feet long and 50 
 feet wide, a total floor 
 area, including the 
 boiler house, of 62,- 
 000 square feet. 
 Another big addi- 
 tion was made 
 last year, making 
 the building the 
 largest in the world 
 devoted to medicine 
 preparation. The 
 capacity of the stor- 
 age tanks is 195,000 
 bottles. The entire 
 preparation of the 
 article is made in the building. Printers' ink, through 
 the medium of 6,500 newspapers, is the secret of Mr. 
 Hood's success. Mr. Hood loves the turf, owns several 
 fast trotters, and maintains at Andover the best stock 
 farm in New England. His latest addition to his farm 
 is a fine herd of blooded Jersey cows. Mr. Hood has 
 made one of the most conspicuous business successes 
 not only in New England, but in America, and it is a 
 success deserved by honest effort. 
 
37° 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 CHARLES HERBERT ALLEN, ex-congressman, 
 was born in Lowell, April 15, 1844, and is the 
 son of Mr. Otis Allen, one of the oldest manufac- 
 turers in this city. He was educated in the public 
 schools, and after being graduated from the high school 
 in 1865, entered Amherst College, from which he was 
 graduated in 1869. Returning to Lowell, he was admit- 
 ted to partnership with his father in the box-making 
 business, in 1872, and he still carries on that industry, 
 his father, who is 
 nearly eighty-two 
 years of age, having 
 retired. Mr. Allen 
 first entered politics 
 by being elected to 
 the School Board in 
 1874, and in that 
 body he sat until 
 1881, when he was 
 elected to the Gen- 
 eral Court as a repre- 
 sentative. Serving 
 two years there, he 
 was elected in 1883 
 to the Senate, and 
 his growing popular- 
 ity won for him the 
 congressional nomi- 
 nation the following 
 year, and an election 
 followed, and a re- 
 election in 1886. 
 The two terms sjjent 
 in Congress ga\e him 
 many opportunities 
 to become a familiar 
 figure in national 
 politics, andj in his 
 second term the effi- 
 cient work performed 
 
 as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs won 
 for him instant recognition and the approval of Senator 
 Dawes. He was strongly urged to take a renomination 
 in 1886, but was forced to decline owing to the demands 
 of his father's business, Mr. Otis Allen, then eighty years 
 old, desiring to retire. Mr. Allen received his honorary 
 title of colonel by being a member of Governor Robin- 
 son's staff. He did not again take active part in poli- 
 tics until the fall of 1891, when he was prevailed upon 
 
 CHARLES H. ALLEN 
 
 to stand as the Rejiublican gubernatorial candidate. 
 Mr. Allen then took the stump, and by his speeches 
 proved that he was a speaker of more than ordinary 
 brilliancy. He worked indefatigably upon the stump, 
 but was defeated at the polls by Governor Russell. 
 Colonel Allen is well known socially, not only in Lowell 
 but throughout the State. He has a fine residence on 
 Rolfe Street, surrounded by seven acres of beautifully 
 laid-out grounds, overlooking the Merrimack River. 
 
 He belongs to sev- 
 eral social clubs and 
 to the Union Club 
 of Boston. While in 
 Congress Colonel 
 Allen received al- 
 most national atten- 
 tion by his entering 
 the ranks of the 
 amateur photogra- 
 phers, and while 
 on the Indian reser- 
 vations in the \\'est 
 h e secured m any 
 valuable negatives, 
 which have since 
 p r o \' e n good ma- 
 terial for interesting 
 lectures in aid of the 
 impro\ement of the 
 condition of the In- 
 dians. In the Fif- 
 tieth Congress Mr. 
 Allen served on the 
 Committee on Post- 
 Offices and Post 
 Roads — an impor- 
 tant committee hav 
 ing at its disposal 
 sixty millions of 
 money. He was the 
 only member from New England on this committee. 
 Mr. Allen was married in Manchester, N. H., Nov. 10, 
 1870, to Harriet C, daughter of James and Sarah B. 
 (Chase) Dean. Of this union were two children : 
 Bertha and Louise Allen. Mr. Allen is a member of the 
 Masonic order. It is unfortunate that the demands of 
 private business should deprive the Commonwealth of 
 his public services. As a business man Mr. .-Mien is 
 highly respected by all associated with him. 
 
LOWELL. 
 
 371 
 
 FREDERICK AVER, the foremost business man of 
 Lowell, Mass., was born in Ledyard, Conn., 
 December 8, 1822, and recei\ed the rudiments of his 
 education in the district schools of his native town. 
 He early entered upon his commercial career, as clerk 
 in the general store of 'I'omlinson & Co., Baldwinsville, 
 N. Y. When twenty years old he became partner of 
 the same firm at Syracuse, N. Y. After three years he 
 retired and became a partner of Hon. Dennis McCarthy, 
 this partnership con- 
 tinuing eleven years. _ 
 In 1855 Mr. Ayer 
 removed to Lowell 
 and joined his* 
 brother, Dr. James 
 C. x^yer, in the manu- 
 facture of proprietary 
 medicines, under the 
 name of J. C. Ayer 
 & Co. In 1877 this 
 concern was incor- 
 porated as the J. C. 
 .\ y e r Co m p a n y , 
 Frederick .\yer be- 
 ing appointed treas- 
 urer, which office he 
 still retains. He is 
 identified with sev- 
 eral banking and 
 other incorporated 
 enterprises in New 
 England. In 187 1 
 James C. and Fred- 
 erick Ayer purchased 
 a controlling interest 
 in the Tremont Mills 
 and Suffolk Manu- 
 facturing Company. 
 Both these corpora- 
 tions were bankrupt. 
 
 Being contiguous, a consolidation was subsequently 
 effected under the name of the Tremont & Suffolk 
 Mills, and this corporation is now one of the most suc- 
 cessful .in New England. Mr. Ayer was one of the 
 founders of the Lowell &: .'\ndover Railroad, and was 
 early made its i)resident, which office he still holds. 
 He is treasurer of the Portage Canal in Michigan, and 
 a director of the Lake Superior Ship Canal Railway and 
 Iron Company, which has a capital of four million dol- 
 
 FREDERICK AYER 
 
 lars. He is also interested in large horticultural and 
 mining enterprises. In 1885 Mr. .'\yer purchased the 
 Washington Mills, Lawrence, Mass., and immediately 
 reorganized the plant under the name of the Washing- 
 ton Mills Company. He became its first president, 
 and is now treasurer. New mills have been built, new 
 machinery added, new manufactures introduced, and 
 the concern forms the largest woollen manufactory in 
 America. In 1871 Mr. Ayer served as alderman, during 
 
 which period small- 
 pox appeared as an 
 epidemic. The 
 Board of Health as 
 then constituted 
 utterly failed to cope 
 with this disease, and 
 the severe criticisms 
 of Alderman Ayer 
 provoked every 
 member to resigna- 
 tion. This resulted 
 in the election of a 
 new board, of which 
 h e w a s chairman. 
 The plague had been 
 raging for eight 
 months, b u t under 
 Mr. -Oyer's efficient 
 management, this 
 disease was entirely 
 eradicated from the 
 city in six weeks. 
 Of five hundred and 
 sixty-seven cases re- 
 ])orted, one hundred 
 and seventy- s.e v e n 
 proved fatal. In his 
 benefactions Mr. 
 Ayer has been un- 
 ostentatious, but the 
 public charities are few in which he has not joined. Mr. 
 Ayer has been twice married : first in 1858, to Miss 
 Cornelia Wheaton, at Syracuse, N. Y., by whom he had 
 two sons and two daughters. Mrs. Ayer died in 1878. 
 He was again married in 1884, to Miss Ellen B. Banning, 
 at St. Paul, Minn., by whom he has two daughters and 
 a son. Mr. Ayer is still hale and vigorous, energetic in 
 enterprise, esteemed by all, and is now reaping the 
 fruits of his long and honorable career. 
 
ir-^ 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 CHARLES LEWIS HILDRETH, general superin- 
 tendent of the Lowell Machine Shop, the largest 
 machine works in the country, and in which the greater 
 part of the machinery for the Lowell corporations is 
 made, was born in Concord, N. H., Oct. 9, 1823, and is 
 a son of Elijah Hildreth, a lineal descendant of Richard 
 Hildreth, a member of a party of thirty-nine settlers, to 
 whom, in 1653, was granted by the Massachusetts Legis- 
 lature a tract of land embracing what is now the site of 
 Lowell. It is an 
 interesting fact in 
 regard to Richard 
 Hildreth, that, upon 
 his petition, the 
 Legislature of Mas- 
 sachusetts made him 
 a special grant of 
 one hundred and fifty 
 acres of land because 
 he " had a wife and 
 many small children, 
 and, being a hus- 
 bandman, he was 
 greatly disadvan- 
 taged, partly by the 
 hand of God depriv- 
 ing him of the use 
 of his right hand, 
 whereby he was 
 wholly disabled to 
 labor." The grant 
 of land, in the pres- 
 ent town of West- 
 ford, has been in the 
 hands of the Hildreth 
 family for seven 
 generations. Elijah 
 Hildreth removed to 
 New Ipswich, N. H., 
 after his son's birth, 
 
 and here Charles was brought up, receiving his educa- 
 tion at the New Ipswich Academy. At the age of 
 twenty- two years he removed to Lowell, and as an 
 apprentice began laboring in the " big shop " over 
 which he is now the head. He was a hard worker, and 
 having the advantage of a good education soon made 
 progress, in three years being advanced to a contractor- 
 ship in the shop, a position he held for about ten years. 
 During the great depression in the iron working trade 
 
 CHARLES L. HILDRETH. 
 
 in 1858, he became foreman in the Industrial Works of 
 Bement & Dougherty in Philadelphia for two years. 
 Then, returning to Lowell, he worked in the Lowell 
 Machine Shop until 1865, when, promoted to a fore- 
 man's place, he entered upon the fulfilment of important 
 duties for a fourteen years' term. In 1879 Mr. Hildreth 
 was elected to the position he now holds. Mr. Hildreth 
 is a quiet, reserved man, but he has a cordial address 
 and broad sympathies, and is possessed of sound judg- 
 ment and firm pur- 
 pose, and as the head 
 of Lowell's most 
 important corpora- 
 tion he has the 
 respect of his thou- 
 sands of employees, 
 and the confidence 
 of Ihe entire com- 
 munity. Mr. Hil- 
 dreth dislikes osten- 
 tation, and has left 
 public and political 
 life almost entirely 
 alone, although from 
 1868 to 1871 he 
 served on the alder- 
 manic board, and 
 contributed much to 
 the city's welfare. 
 He takes a great 
 interest in the be- 
 nevolent institutions 
 of the city, but his 
 principal attention 
 has been given to 
 the Middlesex Me- 
 chanics' Association, 
 an institution which, 
 as its name implies, ' 
 was organized by 
 mechanics early in the city's history, to afford educa- 
 tional facilities to the thousands of mill operatives. In 
 furthering the ends of the association, through its library 
 and lyceum, Mr. Hildreth has given time and thought, 
 and to the accomplishment of its objects no one is en- 
 titled to more creilit than he. As the manager of a 
 great machine works Mr. Hildreth is conversant with 
 the minutest details, and to his knowledge perhaps is 
 due the great variety of machinery manufactured. 
 
LOWELL. 
 
 373 
 
 JAMES BICHENO FRANCIS was one of the greatest 
 of American civil engineers, and one who did 
 more in making Lowell's history than any other man. To 
 his great genius and wonderful achievement is due the 
 high position the City of Spindles now holds in the 
 manufacturing and commercial circles of the country 
 and of the whole world. Mr. Francis' death, which 
 occurred in September, 1892, was a loss to the whole 
 world, and it was particularly felt in Lowell, where every 
 page of its history 
 for a half century is 
 linked with his name. 
 Mr. Francis was born 
 in Southleigh, Ox- 
 fordshire, England, 
 May 18, 1815, his 
 father at the time be- 
 ing superintendent of 
 the Dufferyn, Llynwi 
 & Forth Cawl Rail- 
 way in South Wales. 
 He early received a 
 training for what was 
 to be his life's work, 
 as at fourteen years 
 of age he became an 
 engineer upon the 
 harbor works of Forth 
 Cawl, and subse- 
 quently on the Great 
 Western Canal. He 
 came to .\merica at 
 the age of eighteen 
 years, and went to 
 work on railways. 
 He attracted the at- 
 tention of George 
 W. Whistler, the dis- 
 tinguished engineer, 
 in the surveys for the 
 
 New York, Providence & Boston Railroad. A year 
 later Mr. Whistler came to Lowell to build locomotives 
 and to superintend extensive hydraulic works for the 
 Locks and Canal Company, a corporation controlling 
 the water power of the Merrimack River. Mr. Francis 
 also came to Lowell, and in 1837 was appointed chief 
 engineer. In 1845 he was chosen agent, in addition to 
 his other office, and for fifty years he filled both posi- 
 tions. The corporation refused to accept his resigna- 
 
 JAMES B' FRANCIS. 
 
 tion, but made him consulting engineer and appointed 
 his son. Colonel James Francis, agent and engineer. 
 During the half century of service, Mr. Francis had 
 entire control of the immense water power at Lowell, 
 and he undertook the great hydraulic improvements 
 which have made the city a great manufacturing centre. 
 Many of these operations were original and on a grand 
 scale, and as a result came the volume " Lowell Hydrau- 
 lic Experiments" in 1858, and republished in 1868 and 
 
 1883, and recognized 
 as an authority by 
 the engineers of 
 two continents. Mr. 
 Francis was regarded 
 as the founder of a 
 new school of hy- 
 draulic engineering, 
 and wherever great 
 interests were at stake 
 in connection with 
 hydraulics, his ser- 
 vices were de- 
 manded. Two great 
 monuments to his 
 foresight and skill 
 are the Northern 
 Canal, constructed in 
 1846, a work of such 
 massive strength and 
 such perfection of ex- 
 ecution that it will be 
 admired for ages, and 
 the " Guard Locks " 
 of the Fawtucket 
 canal, constructed 
 in 1850 to save 
 the city from inunda- 
 tion, and which, in 
 i852,did save the city 
 from destruction by a 
 freshet. Mr. Francis was a member of the principal 
 European and American societies devoted to the devel- 
 opment of the mechanic arts and sciences. He was 
 elected a member of the American Society of Civil 
 Engineers in 1852, and served as president from 1880 
 to 1882. He was chairman of the commission to ex- 
 amine and report upon the condition of the dam and 
 to explain the cause of the terrible Johnstown disaster. 
 He left a widow and two sons. 
 
374 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 COLONEL ALBERT A. HAGGEIT, ex-postmaster 
 of I>o\vell, is perhaps without a single exception 
 more familiarly known in social and political circles than 
 any other citizen. He surely is the most prominent 
 Democrat of the city, a Democrat by conviction and ac- 
 tion. He was born in Lowell in 1839, and was edu- 
 cated in the public schools, graduating from the Moody 
 Grammar and the high schools, and at the age of fifteen 
 years entering the counting-room of the Middlesex Manu- 
 facturing Company as 
 a "runner." Already 
 Colonel Haggett has 
 covered a period of 
 service of nearly forty 
 years with this com- 
 pany, for he is now 
 the paymaster, a posi- 
 tion reached by close 
 attention to his du- 
 ties and promotion 
 step by step. He has 
 been in political life 
 to a certain extent 
 since 1868, but his 
 Democratic tenden- 
 cies date back to the 
 years when his minor- 
 ity prevented his ex- 
 ercising the right of 
 suffrage. Indeed, he 
 was a Democrat i n 
 his early days when 
 ■ it required a great 
 deal of back bone to 
 hold out against the 
 Republican majority. 
 He l)egan to attract 
 attention as a politi- 
 cian and a sturdy 
 Democrat by acting 
 
 as an inspector of elections in Ward Six, and afterwards 
 as clerk and warden in Ward Three. Then in 1868, 
 1869 and 1870 he was sent to the Common Council by 
 Ward Six, and the last two years he served in the 
 capacity of president, an honor which attested his 
 popularity because it was a time of Re])ublican admin- 
 istrations. In 187 1 he served on the Board of Alder- 
 men, and in 1872 was elected a director of the City 
 Library, this institution not being free at that time. In 
 
 1873 he was again sent to the Council, serving as presi- 
 dent, in 1874 again being returned to the City Library 
 directory, and in 1875 returning as president of the 
 Council, and in 1876 again wearing aklermanic honors. 
 In 1869 he was on the special committee chosen to 
 build the city water works, and in 1875 he was iilaced 
 on the Water Board, the interim being the years in 
 which he sened in other branches of the city govern- 
 ment. In 1878 he was elected to the Water Board, and 
 
 chosen president, an 
 office which he held 
 until 1885. His rank 
 of " colonel " comes 
 from his commission 
 on Governor G a s - 
 ton's staff in 1875. 
 In 1883 Colonel 
 Haggett was ap- 
 pointed by Governor 
 Butler as a member 
 of the State Board of 
 Health, Lunacy and 
 Charity. In October, 
 1885, he was ap- 
 pointed by President 
 Cleveland postmas- 
 ter of Lowell, and 
 served until Feb. 28, 
 1890. In April, 1891, 
 Mayor Fifield itom- 
 inated him as City 
 Hall commissioner, 
 to fi 1 1 a vacancy 
 in the commission 
 caused by the resig- 
 nation of Mr. James 
 B. Francis, a position 
 which he still fills 
 in an acceptable 
 manner. For years 
 he was chairman of the Democratic City Committee, a 
 member of the State Central Committee, and in 1876 
 and 1880 a delegate to the National Democratic Con- 
 vention. In minor honors he has been particularly 
 favored, and in 1892 once more served as chairman on 
 the Board of Aldermen, elected from the city at large. 
 In social circles he is welcomed, as he is a ready talker 
 and especially clever at repartee. He is connected with 
 the Masonic and Elk orders. 
 
 ALBERT A. HAGGETT. 
 
LOWELL. 
 
 375 
 
 COLONEL JAMES WILLIAM BENNETT, super- 
 visor of construction on the Lowell Federal 
 Building now in process of erection, is probably one of 
 the best known of Lowell's citizens. He was born in 
 Newmarket, N. H., March 21, 1833, and came to Lowell 
 at the age of fifteen, binding himself to his uncle, Abram 
 Matthews, to learn the carpenter's trade. During his 
 life in the country Mr. Bennett had little opportunity to 
 secure an education, as he only attended school sessions 
 in the winter months. 
 He went to the old 
 Franklin School for 
 three months, soon 
 after engaging with 
 his uncle. After a 
 five years' appren- 
 ticeship he worked 
 as a journeyman for 
 two years, and then 
 his uncle admitted 
 him to partnership. 
 ']"he first wages 
 earned by the colonel 
 were six dollars a 
 month and board 
 during his appren- 
 ticeship. Colonel 
 Bennett began busi- 
 ness for himself on 
 Aug. 17, 1858, when, 
 with a few effects 
 loaded upon a hand- 
 cart, he took a shop 
 on Middlesex Street, 
 near his present es- 
 tablishment, the part- 
 nership with his 
 uncle having come 
 to an end by reason 
 of the latter receiv- 
 ing a position with the Lowell Bleachery Company. 
 It was not long before Colonel Bennett's ability as a 
 master mechanic, and the excellence and workmanlike 
 nature of his building brought him to the attention of 
 the rapidly growing city, and once his reputation was 
 established, his success in life was assured. From that 
 time to the present that reputation has been strength- 
 ened and broadened, and the builder has become known 
 throughout New England. Soon after, he added gravel 
 
 JAMES W. BENNETT 
 
 roofing, and in 1881 he took into partnership his 
 brother, George A. liennett, and his son, Fred W. Ben- 
 nett, under the firm name of J. W. Bennett & Co. Mr. 
 Bennett's individuality, as well as his public spirit, early 
 brought him into social and political favor with his 
 fellow-townsmen, and while he never sought public 
 office, he has been several times honored with it. Po- 
 litically he was a Whig until that party fell, and then he 
 became a Republican, a sturdy, faithful, hard-working 
 
 member of the party. 
 He represented his 
 ward in the Common 
 Council in 1876 and 
 1877, and was in the 
 lower branch of the 
 General Court in 
 1879 and 1880. In 
 1878 he was elected 
 a water commis- 
 ^^ sioner for a two 
 
 IK^,^^ years' term, and in 
 
 ^"^ - 1880 was re-elected 
 
 for an additional 
 term. His title of 
 "colonel" comes 
 from his commission 
 held for three years 
 on Governor Ames's 
 staff, as an assistant 
 adjutant-ge n eral, 
 with the rank of 
 "colonel." He has 
 been a president of 
 the Erie Telephone 
 Company, and is in 
 the directory of two 
 Lowell banks. So 
 thoroughly identified 
 with Lowell's inter- 
 ests is Colonel Ben- 
 nett that his opinion always carries with it weight. He 
 was one of the chief promoters, and is one of the sub- 
 stantial men of the Highland Club, which has a magnifi- 
 cent club-house in the ward with which Colonel 
 Bennett has so long been identified. Secretary of the 
 Treasury Windom appointed him supervisor of the new 
 Federal Building, now in process of construction. In 
 the social, political and business circles of Lowell 
 Colonel Bennett is highly esteemed and very popular. 
 
n^ 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JEREMIAH CROWLEY, lawyer, was born in Lowell, 
 Jan. 12, 1832. He was educated in the public 
 schools, and at an early age went to work in the 
 cotton factories, and later learned the machinist's 
 trade with Aldrich, Calvert & Tyng. In 1S57 he went 
 to Nashua, and stayed there until December, i860. 
 While in that city Mr. Crowley pursued an educational 
 course in an academy founded for the purpose of assist- 
 ing young mechanics m securing an education. The 
 sessions were held 
 nightly, and it re- 
 quired pluck and 
 energy to spend an 
 evening, after a hard 
 day's work, in a 
 school -room. In 
 I 8 6 I Mr. Crowley 
 went to the war as a 
 member of the Me- 
 chanic Phalanx, 
 Company C, Sixth 
 Regiment (a com- 
 pany still in exist- 
 ence), and was in 
 the march through 
 Baltimore, Company 
 C being one of the 
 four companies pass- 
 ing through the city. 
 Mr. Crowley served 
 until the regiment 
 returned home, and 
 was with General 
 Butler at the Relay 
 House and at the 
 taking of Baltimore. 
 .After coming home 
 he was o ff e r e d a 
 commission in the 
 Thirtieth Massachu- 
 setts Regiment, but was rejected for physical disability. 
 He was also offered a commission in the Tenth New 
 Hampshire Regiment, but was rejected for the same 
 cause. He then went to work at the Watertown .\rsenal 
 until early in 1864, when he came to Lowell and entered 
 the law office of the late John F. McEvoy. In 1868 
 Mr. Crowley was admitted to practise law at the bar, 
 and that year he entered into partnership with Mr. 
 McEvoy. The partnership lasted one year, Mr. Crowley 
 
 JEREMIAH CROWLEY. 
 
 continuing to practise alone. In his practice he has 
 become one of the best known and most successful of 
 Lowell's lawyers. In politics Mr. Crowley is a Demo- 
 crat. His first political office was that of councilman, 
 in 1868 and i86g, from Ward Five, the ward in which 
 he was born and in which he has always lived. In 1870 
 and 187 1, 1873 and 1874, 1877 and 1878, 1884 and 
 1 89 1 he was in the Board of Aldermen, serving eight 
 times in the u]:i|>er board. During his periods of service 
 
 he was on every 
 committee of the 
 City Council, and 
 thus he had a hand 
 in some of the most 
 important municipal 
 improvements, of 
 which the introduc- 
 tion of city water is 
 one. In 1882 Mr. 
 Crowley was elected 
 to the State Senate, 
 defeating Hon. F. T. 
 Greenhalge by five 
 hundred votes, and 
 the following year 
 he was counted in 
 for re-election and 
 then counted out. 
 He was twice nomi- 
 nated for mayor and 
 defeated. In 1888 
 he ran for the Senate 
 against Hon. F. W. 
 Howe, and although 
 defeated, he ])ulled 
 down a Republican 
 majority of twelve 
 hundred of the year 
 before to eighty. 
 Mr. Crowley has 
 always been an active worker in the crusade against 
 intemperance, and is known as a temperance speaker 
 of much force. In 1848 he was instrumental in pro- 
 moting temperance societies, and was a member of the 
 Mathew Institute. Mr. Crowley has been a national 
 delegate of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, president 
 of the Lowell l>enevolent .Society, and president of the 
 Sixth Regiment Association. Mr. Crowley belongs to 
 B. F. Butler Post 42, (i. A. R. 
 
jp^y^^^ 
 
 CHELSEA, the "Queen City of the Commonwealth," has to-day a population of thirty thousand, ranks the 
 thirteenth largest in the State, and is a prosperous and growing community. According to the national 
 census of 1890 the population was 27,850. The Indian name of the place was Winnisimmet, and it was settled in 
 1630 by some of the good people who came to Massachusetts Bay with Governor John \\inthrop. All the adjacent 
 land was bought for a horn of powder, and to this day the highest elevation in the city limits is known as Powder 
 Horn Hill. In 1632 it was ordered "that the neck of land betwixt Powder Home Hill and Pullen Poynte shall 
 belong to Boston," and two years later the (leneral Court ordered " that Wynesemit shall belong to Boston." For 
 more than a century Boston continued to exercise control over the settlements across the Mystic River, but in 
 1739, in consideration of having established and maintained a meeting-house, Winnisimmet, Rumney Marsh and 
 Pullen Point, which included what is now Chelsea, Revere, Winthrop and part of Saugus, was set apart as the town 
 of Chelsea, the name being given in honor of Chelsea in England. In 1846 Chelsea were divided, less than a 
 third of the area being retained as Chelsea, while what is now Revere and Winthrop was set apart as North Chelsea. 
 The division seemed to act as an invigorator, for Chelsea increased rapidly from a population of forty-three hun- 
 dred in 1846 to twelve thousand, four hundred in 1857, and in the latter year it was incorporated. 
 
 The City Council consists of a mayor, a Board of Aldermen of eight members, and a Common Council of 
 twenty members, all of whom, excepting the mayor, serve without pay. Elections are held annually, the mayor 
 and aldermen being elected at large, and the councilmen by wards. With the exception of the School Committee 
 all other city offices are filled either by appointment by the mayor, with the approval of the aldermen, or elected 
 by concurrent vote of both branches of the City Council. The total debt of the city is S8oo,ooo, and the valua- 
 tion of real and personal property, ^22,000,000. The city is principally residential, but has many important manu- 
 facturing industries, and in everything is closely allied with Boston, from which it is separated by the Mystic River 
 and Chelsea Creek, and joined by three substantial bridges. By an arrangement made some years ago between 
 Boston and Chelsea, each city cares exclusively for the affairs usually managed by county commissioners. Chelsea 
 pays no county tax, all the expenses being borne by the city of Boston. 
 
 Numerous lines of street cars, a line of steam cars and a ferry connect Chelsea with surrounding cities and 
 towns. The ferry is the oldest established in the country, dating from 1631, and has been operated continuously 
 ever since. In Chelsea are located the United States Naval and Marine hospitals, and the Soldiers' Home of 
 Massachusetts. The city has a General Hospital, the gift of Hon. Rufus S. Frost, which is maintained by popular 
 subscription ; a public library of sixteen thousand volumes and pamphlets, the handsome and commodious build- 
 ing being a gift to the city from Hon. Eustace C. Fitz. In the city are three Congregational, two Baptist and two 
 Methodist Episcopal churches, and one each of the Universalist, Unitarian, CathoiiCj Free Baptist .\fricaji Metho- 
 dist Episcopal, Adventist and Episcopal denominations. The city has schools ranking second to none in the 
 State, efficient fire and police departments, beautiful streets, complete water and sewerage systems, two parks, and 
 an elaborate park system now under consideration. The financial institutions include two national banks, two 
 savings banks and a co-operative bank. Of newspapers there are one daily and five weeklies. There are innu- 
 merable social clubs and fraternal societies. 
 
 Manufactures are many and diversified. Rubber goods are the most important, the annual product being 
 valued at three million dollars. Here are located the only wall-paper factory in New England ; the laboratory of the 
 New England Vaccine Factory, the largest of its kind in the world, annually producing sufficient virus to vaccinate 
 two million people ; and here, also, is the largest lampblack factory in this part of the country. Some of the 
 manufactured products are furnaces and stoves, hardware, art tiles, soda fountains, crockery, building and fire- 
 proof brick, furniture, street cars, cordage, boots and shoes, whiting, oils and varnishes, fire hose, bluing, salt, ships, 
 type, mattresses, clothing and machinery. Other important industries are iron and brass foundries, bleacheries, 
 dye works, lithographic printing works and tanneries. 
 
3/8 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 I 
 
 ALFRED COLLINS CONVERSE is the present 
 mayor of Chelsea, and a member of the firm of 
 Phelps, Dalton & Co., ])roprietors of the Dickinson 
 Type Foundry. His connection with this foundry com- 
 menced about thirty-eight years ago, upon his removal 
 from New York, where he had learned matrix making in 
 the type foundry of Hagar & Company. The connec- 
 tion then formed has continued uninterruptedly as em- 
 ployee and employer. Twenty-eight years ago he 
 bought an interest in 
 the company, taking 
 charge of the manu- 
 facturing depart- 
 ment. He has seen 
 the business in its 
 small beginnings 
 grow to such propor- 
 tions as to make a 
 market for its manu- 
 factures in every part 
 of the world. Its 
 type is used wherever 
 the Roman letter is 
 read. The type used 
 in this book is of 
 their manufacture. 
 Nine years ago, in 
 connection with his 
 nephew, Morton E. 
 Converse, he estab- 
 lished at VVinchen- 
 don, Mass., what is 
 now the largest toy 
 manufactory in the 
 country. When Mr. 
 Converse was still an 
 employee of the 
 Dickinson Type 
 Foundry he became 
 interested in the 
 
 manufacture of fire-alarm apparatus, which he continued 
 two years, selling out that business to purchase an inter- 
 est in the type foundry. Mayor Converse is descended 
 from an ancestry that came to this country from Eng- 
 land in 1630 with Governor John Winthrop. The first 
 ferryman to receive a grant from the General Court was 
 Edward Converse, for a ferry between Boston and 
 Charlestown, in 1631. Ten years later he was chairman 
 of a commission of seven men appointed by the church 
 
 '^mk: 
 
 "k> 
 
 ALFRED C. CONVERSE 
 
 for effecting the settlement of the now prosperous city 
 of ^\'oburn. Several generations ago his ancestors 
 moved to New Hampshire, and it was at Rindge, in 
 that State, that Mr. Converse was born, March 17, 1827. 
 His father was a large farmer, and a man much inter- 
 ested in town affairs, being a selectman for seventeen 
 years, a longer period than any other citizen of the town 
 has served. Mayor Converse attended the district 
 schools of his town, and the New Ipswich Academy. 
 
 Until he was twenty- 
 three years of age he 
 worked on the farm 
 and in his father's 
 mills in summer, and 
 taught school in the 
 winter. He went to 
 New York in 1850 
 and learned type 
 V founding. Mr. Con- 
 
 verse m o \' e d to 
 Chelsea in 1856. 
 He served in the 
 Common Council in 
 1877, being elected 
 as a Republican, to 
 which party he has 
 always adhered. In 
 1889 he was elected 
 to the Board of Al- 
 d e r m e n , and the 
 year following was 
 re-elected, both 
 years receiving the 
 popular vote of the 
 city. In 1890 he 
 was nominated for 
 mayor, but failed of 
 an election by 159 
 votes out of a total 
 vote of 2,300. In 
 1 89 1 he was again nominated, carrying the day by 762 
 majority, out of a total vote of 3,90c. In 1892 he was 
 unanimously renominated for the office. Mr. Converse 
 was married, in 1855, to Miss Julia A. Woods, who died 
 twelve years later. In 1869 he married Miss Hulda H. 
 Mitchell, of East Boston. They have two children liv- 
 ing, — Julia Luella, wife of De Witt Ramsay, of Madi- 
 son, Wis., and Alfred Otis Converse. Mayor Converse's 
 administration has been very successful. 
 
CHELSEA. 
 
 379 
 
 RUFUS S. FROST is one of the best-known men 
 in Massachusetts, through his long connection 
 with religious, educational and charitable organizations, 
 as well as through his public and business career. Mr. 
 Frost was born in Marlborough, N. H., July i8, 1826. 
 His father's ancestors came to this country in 1635 from 
 England, and his mother's ancestors were settled in 
 Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1640. At the age of 
 seven years, Mr. Frost was bereft of his father, and 
 then the mother and 
 two youngest chil- 
 dren left the farm in 
 Marlborough and 
 moved to Boston. 
 Here Mr. Frost at- 
 tended the public 
 schools, later taking 
 a s u ]5 p 1 e m e n t a r y 
 course at Newton 
 Academy. He 
 secured a position in 
 a wholesale dry goods 
 house in Boston, and 
 for the energy and 
 ability manifested 
 was admitted to part- 
 nership at the age of 
 twenty-one, the firm 
 adopting the name 
 of Osgood & Frost. 
 In 1866 the present 
 firm of Rufus S. 
 Frost & Co. was 
 formed for the trans- 
 action of a general 
 commission business 
 in American goods. 
 Mr. Frost is also 
 president of the 
 Haile & Frost Man- 
 ufacturing Company, manufacturers of woollens, of which 
 Lieutenant-Governor Haile is treasurer. Mr. Frost is 
 president of the North National Bank of Boston ; and 
 has been one of its directors for twenty-eight years. He 
 was the second president of the National Association of 
 Woollen Manufacturers, and is now chairman of its 
 executive committee. For two years he was jiresident 
 of the Boston Board of Trade. When still a young man 
 he moved to Chelsea, where he continues to reside. He 
 
 RUFUS S. FROST. 
 
 has received all the political honors within the city's 
 gift. He has been councilman, alderman and mayor, a 
 State senator, and a member of the governor's council. 
 In 1874 he was elected to Congress and served on the 
 committees on Railroads and Freedmen's Affairs. In 
 1892 he was a delegate to the National Republican 
 Convention at Minneapolis, which renominated Presi- 
 dent Harrison. In 1890 Mr. Frost founded a hospital 
 in Chelsea and presented it to the city, one of the 
 
 conditions of the 
 deed being that " no 
 person shall ever be 
 denied treatment on 
 account of poverty, 
 race or religion." 
 Another condition 
 was that patients 
 should be permitted 
 to be treated under 
 any school of medi- 
 cine they preferred. 
 The hospital has been 
 named by the trus- 
 tees the Rufus S. 
 Frost General Hos- 
 pital. His native 
 town of Marlborough, 
 N. H., was presented 
 in 1867 by him with 
 a free public library 
 building and two 
 thousand volumes, 
 and a trust fund of 
 $5,000 for the pur- 
 chase of books. Mr. 
 Frost was for eight 
 years president of 
 the New England 
 Conservatory of Mu- 
 sic. He is now pres- 
 ident of the American Congregational Association, and 
 has been president of the Congregational Club of Boston, 
 and of the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital. Mr. 
 Frost has been twice married. By his first wife he had 
 six children, five of whom are now living. His second 
 marriage occurred in 1879, when he was united to 
 Catherine Emily Wickham, of Corning, N. V. She is 
 one of the National Board of lady managers of the 
 World's Fair. 
 
38o 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JUDGE MELLEN CHAMBERLAIN, former libra- 
 rian of the Boston Public Library, was born at 
 Pembroke, N. H., June 4, 182 1, and graduated at Dart- 
 mouth College in 1844. After teaching several years in 
 Brattleboro, Vt., he entered the Dane Law School at 
 Cambridge, where he received the degree of LL. B., 
 and in 1849 he began the study of law in Boston. The 
 same year he took up his residence in Chelsea, where he 
 still makes his home. He has served the city in several 
 capacities. In 1858 
 and 1859 he was 
 representative in the 
 General Court and 
 member of the 
 Special Committee 
 on the Revision of 
 the Statutes. In 
 1863 and 1864 he 
 was in the State Sen- 
 ate, and in the latter 
 year was chairman of 
 the Judiciary Com- 
 mittee. From 1866 
 to 1878 he was a 
 judge, and during 
 part of that period, 
 chief justice of the 
 Municipal Court of 
 the city of Boston, 
 to which he brought 
 erudition and judi- 
 cial capacity. In 
 August, 1878, he was 
 elected librarian-in- 
 chief of the Boston 
 Public Library. His 
 familiarity with books 
 and literature and 
 executive ability en- 
 abled him to dis- 
 charge with credit the responsible duties of that ofifice, 
 until, by reason of ill-health, he retired, Oct. i, 1890. 
 The professional and public duties of Judge Chamber- 
 lain left him little time for other work ; but after com- 
 ing to the Public Library, freijuent demands were made 
 upon him for various papers which have been published, 
 and have evinced research, learning, originality and 
 critical acuteness, while proving that in the field of 
 New England history he has few li\ing superiors. 
 
 MELLEN CHAMBERLAIN 
 
 Among his printed papers are: "History of ^Vinnisim- 
 met, Rumney Marsh and PuUen Point" (1880); 
 "Daniel Webster as an Orator" (1882); "John 
 Adams, the Statesman of the Revolution" (1884); 
 "Samuel Maverick's Palisade House of 1630" (1885) ; 
 " The Authentication of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence " (1881); "Address at the Dedication of 
 Wilson Hall" (Dartmouth College Library, 1885) ; 
 "Notes to Sewall's Letter-book" (1886); "The His- 
 tory of the United 
 States : A Review of 
 McMasters' History" 
 (1886) ; "Land- 
 scape in Life and 
 Poetry" (1886) ; 
 "Remarks at the 
 Dedication of the 
 Statue of Daniel 
 Webster, at Concord, 
 N. H." ( I 88 6) ; 
 "Address at the 
 Dedication of the 
 Brooks Library 
 Building, at Brattle- 
 boro, Vt." (1887) ; 
 " Constitutional Re- 
 lations of the Ameri- 
 can Colonies to the 
 English Government 
 at the Commence- 
 ment of the Revolu- 
 tion" (1887); "The 
 Revolution Impend- 
 ing : with a Critical 
 Essay" (1888) ; 
 " Josiah Quincy, the 
 Great Mayor" 
 (1889); "Remarks 
 on the New Histori- 
 cal School" (1890) ; 
 "Governor Winthrop's Estate, 1638- 1639" (1891) 
 and " The Genesis of the Massachusetts Town and 
 Town Government" (1892). Judge Chamberlain is a 
 corresponding member of the Roval Society of North- 
 ern -Antiquaries at Co|)enhagen, Denmark, and of the 
 New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania and Massa- 
 chusetts historical societies. In 1885 he received the 
 degree of LL. D. from Dartmouth. He is a Fellow of 
 the .American .Academy of .Arts and .Sciences. 
 
CHELSEA. 
 
 ;8i 
 
 THOMAS MARTIN is closely identified with the 
 progress and development of the elastic fabric 
 industry in the United States, and is to-day the head of 
 one of the largest manufacturing houses in this country. 
 In England he served an apprenticeship of over five 
 years, bejng among the pioneers in the elastic fabric 
 business at a time when vulcanized rubber was not gen- 
 erally used. When twenty-three years of age he was 
 engaged by an American syndicate to manage an elastic 
 web mill at East- 
 ham p ton, Mass., 
 which was then the 
 only one in the coun- 
 try. Three years 
 later he came to 
 Chelsea as the man- 
 ager of a larger mill, 
 remaining in that po- 
 sition nine years, and 
 relincjuishing it to 
 engage in business 
 for himself. The new 
 firm took the name 
 of T. Martin & 
 Brother,, and em- 
 ployed twelve hands. 
 The business rapidly 
 increased. To-day 
 the firm, which is 
 now incorporated, 
 occupies five mills in 
 Chelsea, one in Mans- 
 field, Ohio, and 
 another in Canada. 
 In Chelsea over three 
 hundred and fifty 
 hands are employed, 
 and the pay-roll of 
 the operatives ex- 
 ceeds one hundred 
 
 and fifty thousand dollars per annum. Mr. Martin is 
 also president of the Chelsea Wire Fabric Company, 
 which manufactures general mechanical goods ; he is 
 president of the First National Bank of Chelsea ; is the 
 president, and was one of the founders, of the Provident 
 Co-operative Bank, which has now invested over two 
 hundred thousand dollars ; is a trustee of the Chelsea 
 Savings Bank, vice-president of the Frost Hospital and 
 a trustee of Bates College, Lewiston, Me. Mr. Martin 
 
 THOMAS MARTIN 
 
 was councilman in 1879-80, alderman in 1881-82, and 
 representative to the lower branch of the Massachusetts 
 Legislature in 1883, declining a renomination on account 
 of failing health and his wife's death, and going abroad, 
 travelling through England and the continent. Mr. 
 Martin was born in Leicestershire, England, in 1839, 
 being the eldest of twelve children. He had the advan- 
 tage only of the common school, and before he was 
 twelve years old went to work ; but his desire for edu- 
 cation and advance- 
 ment was so strong 
 that while tending 
 his loom he also 
 studied his arithme- 
 tic. He married in 
 i860, and of the 
 union three children 
 were born, two of 
 whom are now living. 
 In the summer of 
 1885 Mr. Martin 
 erected in Chelsea 
 the Horace Memo- 
 rial Hall, in memory 
 of ■ his eldest son, 
 Horace Binney, who 
 had died the previ- 
 ous spring in his 
 twenty -first year. 
 Later the building 
 was deeded to the 
 trustees of the 
 Horace Memorial 
 Free Baptist Church 
 Society as a place of 
 worship. The church 
 was organized 
 through the help of 
 Mr. Martin, and now 
 numbers over ninety 
 church members and one hundred and seventy-five in 
 the .Sunday school. Two years ago, when the church 
 attendance had outgrown the size of the building and 
 it became necessary to enlarge it, Mr. Martin generously 
 duplicated the amount raised by the church society for 
 the purpose. In 1884 Mr. Martin married Miss Frances 
 Jarrett, of Lincoln, England, a very accomplished lady, 
 and one who carried off first honors on her graduation 
 from Queen's College. 
 
382 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THOMAS STRAHAN is the proprietor of the only 
 wall-paper factory in the New England States, 
 and the works enjoy the enviable distinction of produ- 
 cing some of the finest and most artistic wall-paper 
 decorations in the United States. The products of his 
 skill find a ready market in every important city of the 
 Union. Mr. Strahan was born near Stirling, Scotland, 
 on May lo, 1847, being the son of Thomas and Jean 
 (Gordon) Strahan. His early education was obtained 
 in the public schools 
 of Arlington, Mass., 
 and afterward he at- 
 tended the Cotting 
 Academy in Arling- 
 ton, and Phillips 
 Exeter Academy, 
 graduating from both 
 institutions with hon- 
 ors. He took a 
 collegiate course, in- 
 tending to study for 
 the ministry, but by 
 mere accident these 
 intentions were aban- 
 doned, and at the 
 age of nineteen he 
 commenced an ac- 
 tive business life, — 
 first in a small way 
 as a dealer in wall 
 paper on Cornhill in 
 Boston. His busi- 
 ness, however, rap- 
 idly increased, and 
 he removed to Hor- 
 ticultural Hall build- 
 ing, and subse- 
 ([uently to a still 
 larger and more com- 
 modious store at the 
 
 corner of Washington and Eranklin streets. Although 
 meeting with great success in his business career, he 
 was not satisfied merely to buy and sell goods, but com- 
 menced manufacturing wall paper, and now has an ex- 
 tensive factory in Chelsea. His Boston office is in 
 Ticknor House, No. 9 Park Street. He has been granted 
 valuable patents, both in the United States and Great 
 Britain, on new and novel processes for the blending of 
 colors in the manufacturing of his goods, and also for 
 
 THOMAS STRAHAN 
 
 converting cotton materials and jute fabrics, making 
 them appear like silk damask, and having all the value 
 for wall hangings of the genuine silk fabrics. While 
 still carrying on a large and successful business Mr. 
 Strahan has found time to engage in social and political 
 affairs. He is a prominent Mason and Odd Fellow, and 
 is a member of a large number of social and fraternal 
 societies, and he has been at the head of the various 
 organizations with which he has been connected. In 
 
 politics he is a 
 stanch Republican, 
 and has been many 
 times honored by his 
 party. In 1879 Mr. 
 Strahan was elected 
 to the C o m m o n 
 Council of Chelsea, 
 and was re-elected 
 successively three 
 years, the last two 
 years of which he 
 was president of that 
 body. In 1883 he 
 was elected mayor, 
 and the year follow- 
 i n g was re-elected. 
 He has also ably rep- 
 resented his district 
 in the State Legisla- 
 t u r e . Mr. Strahan 
 has been chairman of 
 the School Commit- 
 tee, a trustee of the 
 1 )ublic library, and is 
 now and has been 
 for many years a trus- 
 tee of the Chelsea 
 Savings Bank. On 
 Nov. 28, 1867, Mr. 
 Strahan was married 
 in Chelsea to Esther, daughter of John T. and Esther 
 Lawrence, and of this union were six children, two of 
 whom are living, Florence Esther and Alice Pauline. 
 Mr. Strahan has long been noted as a genial host, and 
 his beautiful and artistic residence on the summit of 
 Mount Bellinghani, overlooking miles of city and coun- 
 try, ocean and river, has been the scene of many distin- 
 guished social gatherings. In the social life of Chelsea 
 Mr. Strahan is one of the prominent figures. 
 
CHELSEA. 
 
 383 
 
 CHARLES A. CAMPBELL is the senior member of 
 the firm of C. A. Campbell & Co., one of the 
 largest coal concerns in the State. The wharves of the 
 company in Chelsea are considered as being the best 
 equipped of any in New England, and more coal is 
 handled annually by them than at the wharf of any other 
 dealer in the Commonwealth. Mr. Campbell is largely 
 interested in shipping, and is treasurer and general 
 manager of the Boston Lighter Company. He is also 
 fi r s t vice-president 
 of the County Savings 
 
 Bank, and a director 
 
 in the Winnisimmet 
 Company and the 
 First National Bank. 
 Mr. Campbell was 
 born in Boston, Nov. 
 6, 1837, and when 
 two years of age his 
 parents removed to 
 Chelsea. He at- 
 tended the Chelsea 
 public schools, grad- 
 uated from the high 
 school and then went 
 West, where he re- 
 mained four years, 
 engaging in the 
 lumber business i n 
 Chicago. Returning 
 to Chelsea, he began 
 in the coal business 
 with his father at the 
 same wharf now 
 occupied by him, on 
 July I, 1859. Mr. 
 Campbell was mar- 
 ried on Jan. i, 1861, 
 to Miss L a V i n i a 
 Hutchinson, and to 
 
 them two children have been born, — Alice, now the 
 wife of Judge Albert Bosson, and Jeremiah, who is now 
 in business with his father. Early in 1862, a public 
 meeting was held in City Hall for the purpose of con- 
 sidering war measures, and before the meeting was over 
 Mr. Campbell became one of a number that volunteered 
 to raise a company in Chelsea to send to the front. 
 The ranks were filled with young men from the best 
 families of the city. Mr. Campbell enlisted for threeyears 
 
 CHARLES A. CAMPBELL. 
 
 as a private, and in July, 1862, the newly-organized body 
 became Company G, Fortieth Regiment. He served in 
 the Army of the Potomac, in the Department of the South, 
 and took part in many skirmishes and engagements, 
 including the rapture of Charleston Harbor and the 
 fall of Fort Wagner. He rose to sergeant, regimental 
 quartermaster sergeant, and was commissioned lieuten- 
 ant. Li the spring of 1864 he was taken seriously ill and 
 was obliged to return North. On the recovery of his health 
 
 he was commissioned 
 by Govenor John A. 
 Andrew captain for 
 the recruiting service. 
 He is now a member 
 of the Military Order 
 of the Loyal Legion, 
 and of Th eod ore 
 Winthrop Post 35, 
 Grand Army of the 
 Republic, of Chelsea. 
 Ever since the organ- 
 ization of the Repub- 
 1 i c a n party, Mr. 
 Campbell has been 
 one of its ardent 
 supporters, and to 
 the several offices he 
 has held he has been 
 elected as a Republi- 
 '(jB^' can. He was coun- 
 
 y cilman from 186S to 
 
 1872, alderman in 
 1873 and 1875, and 
 in 1883 was elected 
 to the State Senate 
 from a district that 
 had previously been 
 Democratic. Mr. 
 Campbell is now one 
 of the trustees o f 
 the Fitz Public Library. In all that pertains to the 
 welfaie of Chelsea, he is much interested and very active. 
 Mr. Campbell has been president of the Review Club, 
 and has always taken a prominent part in the affairs of 
 this social institution. He is a member of Robert Lash 
 Lodge of Masons, and of Winnisimmet Lodge of Odd 
 Fellows. His successful business career, his public ser- 
 vices and his honorable war record render Mr. Camp- 
 bell one of the conspicuous figures in the city. 
 
584 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 DR. WILLIAM CLARK CUTLER, the leading 
 l)ractitioner of medicine and surgery in Chelsea, 
 has been for twenty-six years a familiar figure on the 
 streets of the city and in the homes of the people. The 
 ancestors of Dr. Cutler came from England in 1637 and 
 settled near Boston. Manasseh Cutler, LL. D., M. D., 
 was one of the organizers of the old Ohio Company in 
 1786. Rev. A. P. Peabody, D. D., of Cambridge, Mass., 
 has written of him : " For diversity of good gifts, for 
 their efficient use, 
 and for the variety 
 of modes of valuable 
 service to his coun- 
 try and to mankind, 
 I doubt whether 
 Manasseh Cutler has 
 his equal in Ameri- 
 can history." The 
 grandfather of Dr. 
 Cutler, Hon. Elihu 
 Cutler, of Holliston, 
 Mass., was a member 
 of the Constitutional 
 Convention of 1820, 
 a representative in 
 1827, and State sen- 
 ator in 1831 to 1835. 
 His fatlier, Simeon 
 Newton Cutler, a 
 large mill-owner in 
 Holliston and Ash- 
 land, was for many 
 years in political 
 o f f ic e . He was 
 elected to the State 
 Legislature and Con- 
 stitutional Conven- 
 tion in 1853. Dr. 
 Cutler was born in 
 Holliston, Mass., 
 
 May 17, 1837. His preliminary education was received 
 in the Ashland High School and Mt. Hollis Seminary, 
 Holliston. He graduated from the old Laight Street 
 Medical College in New York in 1859, and began prac- 
 tice in Upton, Mass., in i860. In 1866 he removed to 
 Chelsea. He is a member of the American Institute of 
 Homoeopathy, the Massachusetts and Boston Home- 
 opathic Medical societies, vice-president of the Medical 
 Board of the Rufus S. Frost General Hospital ; a director 
 
 in the Winnisimmet National Bank, and a trustee of the 
 County Savings Bank. He was one of the founders of 
 the Review Club, and its president in 1875. In Free- 
 masonry he has attained the thirty-second degree. In 
 politics he is an old-line Democrat. He has always 
 declined to accept political office. In 1S71, when the 
 great small-pox epidemic was spreading over the coun- 
 try. Dr. Cutler began the propagation of boxine vaccine 
 virus. This new departure was marked with gratifying 
 
 success and has given 
 the doctor a national 
 reputation, making 
 his name, in connec- 
 tion with the New 
 England Vaccine 
 Company, known to 
 the medical profes- 
 sion throughout the 
 world. In 1883 he 
 visited the extreme 
 southern coast of 
 Florida, a section 
 t li e n comparatively 
 unknown. So favor- 
 ably was he impressed 
 with this locality that 
 he made ]jurchases 
 of land and founded 
 the town of Cutler 
 on the coast of Bis- 
 cayne Bay. He has 
 a large plantation of 
 tropical fruits, also a 
 steam starch factory. 
 In 1889 he was com- 
 missioned by a syn- 
 dicate of Boston 
 capitalists to investi- 
 gate and report upon 
 a large iron and coal 
 property in Kentucky, as a result of which there is 
 to-day the new and thriving manufacturing city of Grand 
 Rivers, Ky., with its millions of invested capital and a 
 population of several thousands. The doctor's chief 
 recreation is in the saddle. Genial, kind-hearted and 
 generous, he is beloved by a large circle of patients and 
 friends. In each of the widely differing fields of medi- 
 cine and of business affairs Dr. Cutler has achieved a 
 pronounced success. 
 
 WILLIAM C. CUTLER 
 
CHELSEA. 
 
 385 
 
 GKORGE W. MOSES is president of the First 
 Ward National Bank in East EJoston, and his rise 
 to this position has been the result of his own faithfulness, 
 energy, business and financial ability. Colonel Moses was 
 born in Boston, May i6, 1852, and in that city's schools 
 he obtained his earlier education. When he was twelve 
 years of age he moved with his parents to Chelsea, where 
 he has ever since continued to make his home. He 
 attended the Chelsea public schools, graduated from the 
 grammarschool 
 when fifteen years of 
 age, and immediately 
 went to work as 
 messenger boy for 
 the Western Union 
 Telegraph Company, 
 their office at that 
 time being located 
 in the old post-office 
 building. After si.\ 
 months he was taken 
 into the post-ofifice 
 as clerk, and from 
 that position he rose 
 to the head clerk- 
 ship. He held that 
 position for four 
 years. In 1S72 he 
 became a book 
 keeper in the First 
 National Bank of 
 Chelsea, and here 
 he was promoted 
 successively to the 
 positions of head 
 book - keeper, teller, 
 and assistant cashier. 
 In 1881 he was called 
 to the position of 
 cashier of the First 
 
 Ward National Bank in East Boston, and on the death of 
 the bank's president, Mr. S. H. Whidden, which occurred 
 in June, 1892, Mr. Moses was unanimously elected pres- 
 ident. Mr. Moses is vice-president and one of the 
 investing committee of the County Savings Bank of 
 Chelsea, president both of the Pennock Electric Light 
 and Railway Company of Massachusetts, and of the 
 Chelsea Real Estate Association. The latter is a com- 
 pany of one hundred of the leading business men, 
 
 GEORGE W. MOSES 
 
 formed for the purpose of buying and developing real 
 estate in Chelsea. Mr. Moses holds many important 
 positions in Chelsea business circles. Since 1882 he 
 has been treasurer and managing director of the Chelsea 
 Gas Light Company, and since 1883 has been the treas- 
 urer and a director of the Winnisimmet Company, propri- 
 etors of the Chelsea ferry. In 1885 he was elected by 
 the Chelsea City Council as one of the sinking fund 
 commissioners, and twice since then he has been re- 
 elected. This is the 
 only elective public 
 office he has held. 
 His inclinations are 
 not in that direction, 
 although for ten years 
 he served on the 
 Republ i can City 
 Committee, and la- 
 bored most diligently 
 for the success of 
 that party. In 1889 
 Mr. Moses received 
 an appointment on 
 the staff of Governor 
 J. Q. A. Brackett as 
 assistant quartermas- 
 ter-general, with the 
 rank of colonel, be- 
 ing the first man in 
 Chelsea to be thus 
 honored during the 
 past half century. 
 The following year, 
 when the Governor 
 Brackett Staff Asso- 
 ciation was formed. 
 Colonel Moses was 
 elected secretary, 
 and still continues as 
 such. For twenty 
 years Colonel Moses has been a member of the Review 
 Club, Chelsea's largest social organization, and has 
 serv'ed five years as one of its directors, and one year as 
 its president. He is a member of the Masonic frater- 
 nity and of the Royal Arcanum. In 1876 Colonel 
 Moses married Miss Susie A. Ricker, of Chelsea, and to 
 them three children have been born. In promoting the 
 development of Chelsea's resources Colonel Moses has 
 been for many years a prominent and leading factor. 
 
!86 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JUDC'.E ALBERT D. BOSSON enjoys the double 
 distinction of being the only Democratic mayor 
 Chelsea has ever had, and of being the only Democratic 
 judge to preside over the police court. His election to 
 the mayoralty in the fall of 1890 marked a new era in 
 the city. He brought to the position great financial 
 and executive ability, and with his administration is 
 linked the honor and credit of refunding the city 
 debt, reducing the total face debt from Si, 600,000 to 
 $800,000. At the 
 close of his term he 
 was tendered a re- 
 nomination, but de- 
 clined it on account 
 of his private busi- 
 ness demanding 
 more of his time. 
 In July, 1892, he 
 was appointed justice 
 of the police court 
 of Chelsea by Gov- 
 ernor William E. 
 Russell, the appoint- 
 ment being a de- 
 served promotion 
 from special justice 
 of the court, to which 
 position he was ap- 
 pointed by ( lovernor 
 John 1). Long in 
 1) e c e m b e r, 1882. 
 I ud ge Bosson is 
 trustee of a num- 
 ber of estates, inchiil- 
 hig that of the late 
 Isaac Stebbins, the 
 largest in the city, 
 and which, after the 
 death of the present 
 beneficiaries, will be- 
 come the property of the city. Judge Bosson is the 
 president of the County Savings Bank, was one of the 
 originators of the Provident Co-operative Bank, is 
 vice-president of the Winnisimmet National Bank, treas- 
 urer of the Gloucester Street Railway Company, and a 
 director in several other corporations. Judge Bosson 
 is the son of George C. and Jennie Hood Bosson, and 
 the grandson of Jonathan I). Bosson, who were for 
 many years prominent residents of Chelsea, where 
 
 ALBERT D. BOSSON 
 
 Tudge Bosson was born, Nov. 8, 1853. His grandfather 
 served in the war of 181 2, while his four great-grand- 
 fathers were soldiers in the Revolution, of whom two 
 fought in the battle of Bunker Hill ; his ancestor. Cap- 
 tain Samuel Flint, was killed at Stillwater, and his great- 
 grandfather, Warwick Palfrey, was the first collector of 
 the port of Salem, under the Continental Congress. 
 Judge Bosson attended the t'helsea public schools, grad- 
 uated from the high school in 1869, spent two years at 
 
 Phillips (Exeter) 
 Academy and the 
 Brown University 
 Grammar School at 
 Providence, and then 
 entered Brown LTni- 
 versity, graduating 
 therefrom in the 
 class of 1875. He 
 read law in the office 
 of Brooks, Ball & 
 Story in Boston, and 
 at the Boston Uni- 
 versity Law School, 
 and on Feb. 18, 
 187S, was admitted 
 to the bar. In May, 
 1887, he married 
 Miss Alice L., daugh- 
 ter of Hon. C. A. 
 Campbell, and to 
 them one cliild lias 
 been born. J ud g e 
 Bosson has travelled 
 extensively and spent 
 much time abroad. 
 He is a member of 
 the New England 
 Historic Genealogi- 
 cal Society, and 
 president of the Re- 
 view Club, the principal social club of the city. Judge 
 Bosson was originally a Republican , but in 1884 he 
 became one of the famous Committee of One Hundred 
 which opposed the candidacy of Mr. Blaine in that year, 
 and his convictions have since led him to advocate the 
 principles of the Democratic party. As lawyer, mayor, 
 judge and financier, no man in Chelsea is more highly 
 esteemed by all classes in the community, and by men 
 of all parties, than Judge Bosson. 
 
CHELSEA. 
 
 387 
 
 ELMER L. FRENCH is the junior member of the 
 firm of French Brothers, grocers and provision 
 dealers, and is one who has done much toward the 
 development of high-speed sailing vessels. He is owner 
 in some of the fastest pilot boats in Eastern waters. Mr. 
 French was born, Oct. 11, 1858, in Glover, Vt., on the 
 farm which was cleared by his great-grandfather in the 
 middle of the last century, and which has since remained 
 in the possession of the family. His great-grandfather 
 fought in the French 
 and Indian wars, and 
 participated in many 
 engagements on Ver- 
 mont soil. His boy- 
 hood was passed on 
 the farm, and attend- 
 ing the district school 
 in the winter. When 
 twenty years of age 
 he left the farm and 
 procured a situation 
 in the provision store 
 of his uncle, Mr. Z. 
 H. French, on Han- 
 over Street, Boston. 
 After he had been in 
 the store four years 
 his uncle was killed 
 in a railroad acci- 
 dent. .\ ]jartnershii) 
 was formed between 
 Mr. French and an 
 older brother, Mr. 
 ISyron L. French, 
 and they succeeded 
 to the business. To- 
 day they are the pro- 
 prietors of what is 
 probably the largest 
 retail provision busi- 
 ness in Boston. Their store is located at Nos. 390, 
 392 and 394 Hanover Street. The firm supplies many 
 of the lines of steamers plying between Boston and 
 London, Liverpool, Antwerp, and the Provinces. Mr. 
 French is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and 
 the Fruit and Produce Exchange of Boston. Mr. 
 French is largely interested in shipping and ship-build- 
 ing, being the owner in fourteen different vessels, includ- 
 ing the pilot boats "Hesperus," " Sylph " and "Friend," 
 
 ELMER L. FRENCH 
 
 all of which are among the fastest and best modelled 
 boats in Massachusetts Bay. The four-masted schooner 
 " Elvira J. French," fifteen hundred tons' burden, is 
 named in honor of his mother. Mr. French married 
 Miss Edna F. Simmons, of Southbridge, Mass., in 1875, 
 and the same year made his home in Chelsea, where he 
 continues to reside. In politics he is a Republican. 
 As such he was elected to the Common Council in 
 1884 and 1885. He was a member of the Board of 
 
 Aldermen in 1886, 
 1887 and 1888. 
 While a member of 
 the latter body he 
 was chairman of the 
 Committee on Pub- 
 lic Property, and 
 under his direction 
 the Broadway engine 
 house and the Bloom- 
 ingdale school-house 
 were built, while the 
 Shurtleff, Shawmut 
 and Cary school- 
 houses were entirely 
 renovated and re- 
 built. Mr. French 
 is a prominent mem- 
 ber of the Review 
 Club. In F r e e- 
 masonrv he is an 
 enthusiast. He is a 
 member of Robert 
 Lash Lodge, F. and 
 A. M., of which he 
 was for two years 
 worshipful master. 
 He is also a mem- 
 ber of Naphtali 
 Council ; Shekinah 
 Chapter of the 
 Royal Arch Masons, and Palestine Commandery, 
 Knights Templar of Chelsea; Lafayette Lodge of 
 Perfection; Mt. Olivet Chapter of Rose Croix; Giles 
 F. Vates Council, Princes of Jerusalem ; Massachusetts 
 Consistory, and Aleppo Temple of the Mystic Shrine 
 of Boston. He is a member of Massachusetts Lodge 
 of Odd Fellows and of the Royal Arcanum. With his 
 business associates of Boston Mr. French is as popular 
 as he is in the social life of Chelsea, 
 
388 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 <^ 1^- 
 
 COLONEL JOHN HENRY CUNNINGHAM is 
 president and treasurer of tlie J- H. Cunningham 
 Iron Company, one of the leading iron manufacturing 
 companies in Massachusetts. The business was founded 
 in 1852 by Thomas Cunningham, and in 1873 the firm 
 became Thomas Cunningham & Son by the admission 
 to partnership of John H. Cunningham, the latter suc- 
 ceeding to the sole control of the business at the death 
 of his father in 1882. Last year the firm was incorpo- 
 rated under its pres- 
 ent style. Wrought- 
 iron pipes and fittings 
 for steam, gas and 
 water, together with 
 several patent valves 
 and radiators, con- 
 stitute the firm's 
 specialties. In Bos- 
 ton business circles 
 Colonel Cunningham 
 has often been called 
 to positions of honor 
 and responsibility, 
 filling them with 
 credit and ability. 
 He is an active mem- 
 ber of the Master 
 Builders' Association, 
 the Master Plumbers' 
 Association and the 
 Massachusetts Street 
 Railway Association. 
 Colonel Cunningham 
 has done and is still 
 doing much to de- 
 velop the South. He 
 is vice-president of 
 the Lone Star Iron 
 Company, the largest 
 iron manufacturing 
 
 concern in Texas, and is interested in several street rail- 
 ways in Texan cities. His investments in Massachusetts 
 are also extensive. He is president of the Plymouth & 
 Kingston Street Railway, vice-president of the Gloi:cester 
 Street Railway, vice-president of the Boston Construc- 
 tion Company, and is a large stockholder and director in 
 the Worcester, Leicester & Spencer Street Railways, the 
 New Haven & West Haven Street Railway, the Ha- 
 verhill & Amesbury Street Railway and the Black Rock 
 
 JOHN H. CUNNINGHAM 
 
 & Salisbury Street Railway companies. Colonel Cun- 
 ningham was born in Boston, March 9, 1 851, and attended 
 the public schools. Twenty years ago he moved to Chel- 
 sea, and has since been prominently identified with the 
 city's public, business and social life. He has served in 
 the city government. He founded the Winnisimmet Na- 
 tional Bank, and is its president. He was one of the 
 incorporators of the County Savings Bank, and is now a 
 member of its Committee on Investments. He is the 
 
 largest stockholder 
 in and a director of 
 t h e W i n n i s i m - 
 met Ferry Company, 
 and a director of the 
 Lynn & Boston Rail- 
 road. His appoint- 
 ment two years ago, 
 a n d reappointment 
 one year later, on the 
 staff of Governor Rus- 
 sell, as assistant ad- 
 jutant-general, with 
 the rank of colonel, 
 testify to his high 
 and popular standing 
 in social circles. 
 Colonel Cunningham 
 i s a thirty-second 
 degree Mason, and 
 is a member of the 
 highest Chelsea Ma- 
 sonic lodges. He 
 has been a member 
 of the Most Wor- 
 shipful Grand Lodge 
 o f Massachusetts, 
 and for two years was 
 deputy senior grand 
 warden of the third 
 Masonic district. He 
 is president of the Chelsea Democratic Club, a member 
 of the Young Men's Democratic Club of Massachusetts, 
 of the Boston Athletic Association and the Review Club 
 of Chelsea. His military career extends over eleven 
 years, nine being passed in the Fifth Regiment, and two 
 upon the governor's staff. In April, 187,3, Colonel Cun- 
 ningham was married to Miss Francis E. Prouty, of Co- 
 hasset, and to them three children have been born, two 
 of whom, John H., Jr., and Sara M., are living. 
 
CHELSEA. 
 
 389 
 
 EVER since attaining his majority, Hon. Arthur B. 
 Champlin has been in jjubUc office, rising from 
 councihnan, in his native city of Chelsea, to State sen- 
 ator, and becoming one of the best-known young Re- 
 pubHcans in Massachusetts. Mr. Champlin is publisher 
 of the Chelsea Gazcttr, but is best known through the 
 acts of his public life. His political career opened in 
 1878, when he was elected to the Common Council, and 
 immediately took an active part in municipal matters. 
 For six consecutive 
 years he was returned 
 to the Council, and 
 during his last two 
 years in that body 
 was its president, be- 
 ing the youngest man 
 recorded to occupy 
 that position. In the 
 fall of 1887 Mr. 
 Champlin was elected 
 a representative to 
 the Legislature, serv- 
 ing during his first 
 term on the Com- 
 mittee on Street Rail- 
 ways. The following 
 year he was returned, 
 and served on the 
 Committee on 
 Towns, serving as 
 clerk both terms. In \ 
 
 1888 he was elected S 
 
 mayor of Chelsea, :^ 
 
 being then the young- 
 est man but one who 
 had ever held that 
 office. He was re- 
 elected the next year. 
 During his adminis- 
 tration the city was 
 
 vigorously improved, electric lights were introduced 
 throughout the city, miles of sewer and water pipe and 
 brick sidewalks were laid, the police and fire depart- 
 ments were reorganized, and, withal, the tax rate was 
 lowered. While mayor he was nominated and elected 
 senator, taking his seat when the Senate was equally 
 divided politically. He was made chairman of the 
 Committee on Liipior Law and a member of the com- 
 mittees on Public Charitable Institutions and Public Ser- 
 
 ARTHUR B. CHAMPLIN 
 
 vice. On being again elected to the Senate, he became 
 chairman of the committees on Liquor Law and Taxa- 
 tion and a member of the Committee on Constitutional 
 Amendments. During his two terms in the Senate he 
 displayed great activity on the floor of that chamber as 
 well as in committee work. While he was mayor of 
 Chelsea he was the only Massachusetts mayor to indi- 
 cate Chicago as his preference for the location of the 
 \\'orld's Fair. In 1892 he was appointed on the Senate 
 
 Committee to attend 
 the dedication of the 
 fair at Chicago. Mr. 
 Champlin was born 
 Feb. 7, 1858, and 
 until he was sixteen 
 years of age attended 
 the Chelsea public 
 schools. At that age 
 his newspaper career 
 commenced, with his 
 employment on the 
 Boston Globe as a 
 district reporter. 
 Two years later the 
 Chelsea Record was 
 established, and Mr. 
 Champlin, then not 
 out of his teens, was 
 made manager. He 
 successfully built up 
 the paper and con- 
 tinued manager until 
 1886, when he started 
 a paper of his own, 
 the Chelsea Gazette, 
 which he still pub- 
 lishes. Mr."Champ- 
 lin is a member of 
 many fraternal socie- 
 ties. He is a mem- 
 ber of all Masonic branches in Chelsea ; of the Odd 
 Fellows ; of the Knights of Pythias ; of the Improved 
 Order of Red Men, and is connected with several social 
 clubs. He is a trustee of the Walnut Street Methodist 
 Church, and has been identified with the Young Men's 
 Christian Association since its foundation. Mr. Champ- 
 lin is unmarried. With such a record of active useful- 
 ness as he has made, Mr. Champlin's friends anticipate 
 for him still higher honors in the future. 
 
HAVERHILL, with its fine residences resting upon an amphitlieatre of hills, and its mercantile buildings and 
 manufactories stretched along the bank of the Merrimack, is one of the busiest and most prosperous cities 
 in the State. It is indeed an ancient town, having been settled by the English in 1640, and was made a city in 
 1870. Few of its old buildings are now standing, but many historical spots are marked with monuments, stone 
 and board, and are full of interest. Its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary was celebrated July 2, 1890. Many 
 of the descendants of the old families are still active in the life of Haverhill, and the nature of her industries has 
 attracted manv of the best young men and women from other States. In \ery recent years, however, the present 
 ])opulation of thirty thousand people has grown more mixed, as in all manufacturing places. It has raised up 
 sons and daughters prominent in all walks of life, foremost among whom is the late John G. \\liittier, the great 
 poet of Freedom. 
 
 In public buildings, Haverhill can boast of one of the best city halls in New England, and of an excellent 
 public library well equipped in all branches, while the Old Ladies' Home, City Hospital and Children's Home 
 are models of their kind. The twenty-five churches are well attended, and testify to the character of the people. 
 There are many fine school-houses, some of which are of recent origin. The school system is equal to any in 
 New England. The natural location of Haverhill and its exceptionally fine stores make it a centre of trade for 
 many surrounding towns, and the recent entrance of the Haverhill, Merrimack & Amesbury Electric Road has 
 brought an increased patronage. The local Haverhill c& (Iroveland Street Railway is now changing to electric 
 eiiuipment, and the two roads will give a still greater boom to the building of more homes, though the city has 
 e.'cpanded very rapidly during the past few years. Its future is therefore full of promise. 
 
 The banking facilities are very large, with plenty of capital in the five national banks, three savings banks, 
 two co-operative banks, and one loan and trust company. The recent purchase by the city of the aqueduct which 
 gives a water supply at an expense of ^637,500, will prove to be a safe investment, and with the same conservative 
 policy which has been ]nirsued by its owners in the past, will within twenty years wipe out the debt, and put the 
 city in possession of an aqueduct, which in all its appointments and ])urity of water supply is unexcelled in this 
 country. 
 
 The statistics of Haverhill's manufacturing industry in the census of 1890 gives the following: Number of 
 establishments, 722; number of industries, 64; capital invested, :f!7,925,8io ; hands employed, 14,988: wages 
 paid, $6,815,474; cost of material used, §13,561,592, and value of produi:t, :S25,34o,36i. The product of the hat 
 industry, contemporary in age with the shoe industry, both having been started as early as 1795, is over Si, 000,000 
 each year. The other varied industries share $7,000,000 of the above-named product, while the shoe industry will 
 claim a division of over S15, 000,000 annually. It is chiefly to the shoe business that Haverhill owes her growth, 
 wealth and prosperity. 
 
 The conflagration of ¥eh. 17, 1882, destroyed the old factories, and the large area known as the shoe 
 district is now covered with new and substantial brick buildings that are increasing in number each year. In all 
 of them may be found the latest improvements in machinery, and a large number of the best skilled workmen. 
 The reputation of Haverhill for fine goods is now established in the trade, and large orders are daily received 
 from all parts of the world. Haverhill's contribution of $5,600, towards the erection of the Shoe and Leather 
 Trade Building at the World's Fair, demonstrated her interest in that project, and it is safe to predict that the 
 Haverhill shoe exhibit will sustain her well-earned prestige. 
 
UA VERHfLL. 
 
 391 
 
 MAYOR OI.IVKR 'I'AVLOR is one of the best- 
 known and most successful business men in the 
 Queen City of the Merrimack, Haverhill. He was born 
 in Atkinson, N. H., in the year 1827, and is the son of 
 Oliver and Lettice Taylor. He was educated in the 
 common schools, and at the academy of his native town. 
 Upon the completion of his school career he engaged in 
 farming, which pursuit he followed until the year 1852, 
 when he moved to Haverhill, and at once decided to 
 learn the grocery 
 business. He 
 accepted the posi- 
 tion of clerk in the 
 grocery store of Cur- 
 rier & Taylor, where 
 h e faithfully p e r - 
 formed his work un- 
 til engaged by John 
 Da\is in a similar 
 position in the same 
 business. After hav- 
 ing acquired a thor- 
 ough knowledge of 
 all the details of the 
 work, he entered into 
 a partnership with 
 Ebenezer Webster, 
 under the firm name 
 of \\'ebster & Taylor, 
 which firm continued 
 to do a successful 
 business for several 
 years. The partner- 
 ship was then dis- 
 solved, and Mr. Tay- 
 lor w e n t into the 
 clothing business 
 with his brother, Levi 
 Taylor, a former 
 honored mayor of 
 
 Haverhill. They built up a large trade, and the firm 
 continued as Oliver and l-evi Taylor, partners, until 
 Martin Taylor was taken in as a member of the firm, 
 when the name was changed, and is now styled, " The 
 Three Taylors." It is one of the largest and most 
 reliable business houses in Essex County. In addition, 
 Mr. Taylor has been a member of the firm of Taylor, 
 (ioodwin & Co., the largest coal and lumber dealers in 
 Haverhill. He is also a large real estate owner, and 
 
 consecjuently a heavy tax payer. Mr. Taylor's marked 
 business qualities were soon recognized by his associ- 
 ates, and he has been called to serve in many respon- 
 sible positions, among which are the following : Presi- 
 dent and director in the Essex National Bank, and di- 
 rector in the Citizens' Cooperative Bank and Pentucket 
 Savings Bank, all of which are doing a good business, 
 and are among the best banking institutions of the city. 
 He is also director in the Merrimack Valley Steamboat 
 
 Company, and in the 
 Amesbury Carriage 
 Company. Mr. 
 Taylor married Mary 
 E). Fellows, daughter 
 of Samuel Fellows, 
 and they ha\e one 
 daughter, Edith. 
 Mr. Taylor is a 
 stanch Republican 
 in politics, and has 
 seen something of 
 public life. He has 
 been a member of 
 the Board of Over- 
 seers of the Poor for 
 the past twenty-nine 
 years, and has been 
 a careful and val- 
 uable official in the 
 department. He 
 was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Board of 
 .'Mdermen in the year 
 1873. In 1876 he 
 was chosen to repre- 
 sent his d-istrict in 
 the lower branch of 
 the State Legislature, 
 and was assigned to 
 several important 
 committees, being made chairman of the State House 
 Committee. He proved to be a good legislator, and his 
 record was such as met the general approval of his con- 
 stituents, who honored him with a re-election the fol- 
 lowing year. He then retired from politics until the 
 present year, when he became a candidate for the may- 
 oralty in mass caucus, and received the nomination by a 
 large majority. The contest which followed was sharply 
 fought, but Mr. Taylor was elected. 
 
 OLIVER TAYLOR 
 
392 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WILLIAM H. MOODY, a well-known lawyer of 
 Haverhill, is a native of Newbury, Mass., having 
 been born in that town on the twenty-third day of 
 December, in the year 1S53. His early education was 
 obtained in the public schools of Salem, where his early 
 boyhood was spent. He is the son of Henry L. and 
 Melisha A. Moody. His father then moved his family 
 to Danvers, Mass., where his son took a course of study 
 in the Danvers High School, and then decided to fit 
 himself "or college. 
 With this in mind, 
 he naturally sought 
 one of the leading 
 preparatory schools 
 in this section of the 
 State, in the well- 
 known institution, 
 Phillips Academy, 
 A n d o V e r. LI p o n 
 completion of the 
 course there, h e 
 entered Harvard 
 College, from which 
 university he gradu- 
 ated in the year 1876. 
 The bent of his mind 
 was toward the legal 
 profession, and h e 
 entered upon the 
 study of law in the 
 ofifice of the late 
 Richard H. Dana, of 
 Boston, continuing 
 his studies until 
 April. 1878, w h en, 
 upon passing a suc- 
 cessful examination, 
 he was admitted to 
 the bar. He had in 
 the year 1874 taken 
 
 up a legal residence in Haverhill, and at once decided 
 to open an ofifice in the city of his adoption. He there- 
 fore made arrangements to enter into a law partnership 
 with K. N. Hill, under the firm name of Hill & Moody. 
 This firm continued to do business for the period of two 
 years, when Mr. Hill decided to seek another city, and 
 the partnership was dissolved. Mr. Moody then asso- 
 ciated himself for one year with the late Joseph K. Jen- 
 nen, under the firm name of Jennen & Moody, their 
 
 WILLIAM H. MOODY 
 
 business relations being severed by the death of Mr. 
 Jennen, whose memory is still dear to the citizens of 
 Haverhill. For a time following the decease of Mr. 
 Jennen Mr. Moody was alone until his present law 
 partner, Horace E. Bartlett, assumed an interest, and 
 the firm has since continued under the name of Moody 
 &: Bartlett. Mr. Moody has served one term of three 
 years as a member of the Haverhill School Board. He 
 was elected to the position of city solictor during the 
 
 year 1888, and was 
 re-elected to c o n- 
 tinue in office the 
 f o 1 lo w i n g year of 
 1889. Mr. Moody 
 is a Republican in 
 politics. His careful 
 administration of the 
 duties connected 
 with the ofifice within 
 the gift of his own 
 municipality served 
 to attract the atten- 
 tion of those in- 
 terested in county 
 affairs, and he was 
 made a candidate for 
 the position of dis- 
 t r i c t attorney o f 
 / ^ Essex County, and 
 
 was elected upon the 
 Republican ticket by 
 a handsome majority 
 in the fall of 1889. 
 The appreciation of 
 his work is seen in 
 the fact that he has 
 since continued to 
 hold the ofifice. Mr. 
 Moody is a member 
 of the Order of Elks, 
 and was the first exalted ruler of the order in Haverhill. 
 He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity. Mr. 
 Moody possesses rare common- sense, and, being en- 
 dowed with ability and great capacity for work, may 
 well anticipate many years of honor and usefulness. 
 His high standing at the Massachusetts bar, his legal 
 attainments and his many fine (jualities conspire to 
 render him one of the most prominent figures in the 
 ofiicial life of the city of his adoption. 
 
HA VERHILI.. 
 
 393 
 
 JOHN A. GALE, formerly a leading shoe manufac- 
 turer, but of late engaged in the banking business, 
 was born in Newton, N. H., Nov. 24, 1848. His pri- 
 mary education was received in the public schools of 
 Newton and the higher branches were pursued at Kings- 
 ton Academy, Kingston, N. H. He took up his resi- 
 dence in Haverhill in the year 1S69, and at once en- 
 tered into the shoe business under the firm name of 
 Gale &: Currier. This partnershi]) was soon dissolved 
 by the death of Mr. 
 Currier. Mr. Gale 
 then associated him- 
 self with Charles N. 
 Hoyt for three years, 
 at the expiration of 
 which lime he con- 
 ducted business for 
 himself until 18S9. 
 His accumulation of 
 a large property dur- 
 ing these years 
 marked out for him 
 a successful financial 
 career, which he is 
 now following as one 
 of the leading bank- 
 ers in this section of 
 the Commonwealth. 
 He married, in 1S70, 
 Mary K. Simonds, 
 and they have one 
 daughter, Mabel J. 
 Gale. Mr. Gale is 
 a Democrat in poli- 
 tics. He first ran 
 for office as an inde- 
 pendent candidate 
 for the Common 
 Council, and was 
 elected by the largest 
 
 vote cast for any nominee on the city ticket for that 
 year. He was re-elected to the same office the year 
 following, being a member of the city government 
 during the years 1877 and 1878. In 1879 he was 
 elected as overseer of the poor, and remained in the 
 position until the year 1892, during which time many 
 reforms in this department of city affairs were insti- 
 tuted and expenses greatly reduced. Mr. Gale served 
 two terms of three years each as a useful member of the 
 
 JOHN A. GALE 
 
 Haverhill School Board. In the fall of 1890 he was 
 nominated as one of the candidates to represent his 
 district in the lower branch of the Massachusetts Legis- 
 lature and was elected by a handsome plurality, a vic- 
 tory hardly to lie expected in what had heretofore been 
 regarded as a Republican district. He showed himself 
 to be an able legislator, and was especially strong in 
 the discussion of all financial questions. Through his 
 efforts a charter was obtained for the Pentucket Savings 
 
 Bank and the Haver- 
 hill Loan and Trust 
 Company. He was 
 unanimously renom- 
 inated to serve in 
 the same capacity 
 the following year, 
 but declined the 
 honor. In 1886 Mr. 
 Ciale organized the 
 Second National 
 Bank o f Haverhill, 
 and has since con- 
 tinued as its presi- 
 dent. From this 
 time on he made a 
 public financial rec- 
 ord, of which one 
 may well be proud, 
 as will be seen from 
 the responsible posi- 
 tions mentioned be- 
 low which he now 
 holds, in addition to 
 the presidency of the 
 Haverhill Second 
 National Bank. He 
 has been a member 
 of the Investment 
 Committee con- 
 nected with the Pen- 
 tucket Savings Bank, the Haverhill Loan and Trust 
 Company and the Citizens' Cooperative Bank ever since 
 their organization. In 1890 he was elected president 
 of the Amesbury National Bank. In 1892 Mr. Gale, 
 with others, organized the Somerville National Bank, of 
 which he is vice-president. He is also one of the 
 directors in the Haverhill and (Iroveland Street Railway. 
 Mr. c;ale is regarded as one of the ablest financiers in 
 the Commonwealth. 
 
394 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF 7^0-DAY. 
 
 El )\VARI) t;. FROTHINGHAM, a prominent resi- 
 dent of Haverhill, and son of Edward G. Froth- 
 ingham, Sr., the editor of the Haverhill Gazette for 
 twenty-six years, was born in Gloucester, Mass., and 
 educated in the Haverhill schools. He studied at the 
 Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, and later estab- 
 lished himself, and continued in the drug business in 
 Haverhill until 1885. He did much to raise the stan- 
 dard of pharmacy, serving as the first president of the 
 Essex County Phar- 
 maceutical Associa- 
 tion, as well as offi- 
 cer and member of 
 the city. State and 
 national pharmaceu- 
 tical associations, and 
 trustee of the Massa- 
 chusetts College of 
 Pharmacy for several 
 years. His interest 
 in literary and educa- 
 tional matters was 
 shown in his work as 
 assistant editor of the 
 Haverhill Gazette for 
 several years, and as 
 president of the 
 Haverhill High 
 School Alumni Asso- 
 ciation. During the 
 late war he enlisted 
 and served as hos])i- 
 tal steward until its 
 close. He first ac- 
 cepted puVilic office 
 in 1885, and was 
 elected representa- 
 tive to the General 
 Court, where he 
 proved himself an 
 
 able legislator, participating freciuently in discussions 
 upon the floor of the House and notably as champion 
 of the famous Pharmacy Bill. He helped to secure its 
 passage after it had been defeated in eight ]jrevious 
 Legislatures. As an advocate of wise legislation for the 
 workingmen he proved himself a conser\ative but true 
 friend of the labor interests. He was handsomely 
 re-elected the next year by a majority of seven hundred 
 votes in a close district. He is a stanch Republican, 
 
 striving to keep his party in sympathy with the indus- 
 trial classes, and the wisdom of this course is now more 
 generally recognized in the platforms adopted. Mr. 
 Frothingham would doubtless have been returned for a 
 third term, but was prevailed upon to enter the sena- 
 torial race in 1887, and received the support of thirty- 
 six out of forty-two of the Haverhill delegates to the 
 convention. Unfortunately, however, Newburyport at 
 the lower end of the district had been unavoidably 
 
 divided into two dis- 
 tricts by the Senato- 
 rial Redis trie ting 
 Committee of the 
 previous Legislature, 
 of which Mr. Froth- 
 ingham was a mem- 
 ber. He did not 
 favor the division, 
 but Newburyport at- 
 tributed the change 
 of boundary to him, 
 and caused his de- 
 feat at the polls. 
 Haverhill, however, 
 gave him the unprec- 
 edented majority of 
 nearly one thousand 
 votes. As a vindi- 
 cation he was 
 strongly urged to 
 enter the mavoralty 
 contest, but he pre- 
 ferred a rest from 
 political excitement. 
 Mr. Frothingham is 
 a thirty-second de- 
 gree Mason, an en- 
 campment Odd Fel- 
 low, and has been 
 master workman of 
 the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He is also a 
 charter member of Major How Post, was its surgeon for 
 sixteen years, and its historian upon the celebration of 
 its twentieth anniversary. He has been Memorial Day 
 orator for his own and other posts. He was chairman 
 of the Republican City Committee for five consecutive 
 years. In 1889 he was appointed by the [iresident 
 special examiner of drugs, medicines and chemicals, 
 for the port of Boston and Charlestown. 
 
 EDWARD G. FROTHINGHAM 
 
HA VERHILL. 
 
 395 
 
 i 
 
 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BRICKEIT, son of Frank- 
 lin and Mehitable Dow (Bradley) Brickett, was 
 born in Haverhill, Essex County, Mass., April lo, 1846. 
 He belongs to one of the oldest and best-known fami- 
 lies in Haverhill on both the paternal and maternal 
 side, his ancestry upon the Brickett side embracing Gen- 
 eral Brickett of Revolutionary fame. His father, Frank- 
 lin Brickett, was famous in his lifetime for his enterprise 
 and courage in helping to build up and promote the 
 best interests of Ha- 
 verhill, and no man 
 of his time did more 
 than he for Haver- 
 hill, in the erection 
 of substantial blocks 
 and dwelling-houses. 
 Benjamin F. was edu- 
 cated in the public 
 schools of his nati\ e 
 town, and fitted for 
 college at the well- 
 known institution, 
 Phillips Exeter 
 Academy. He en- 
 tered Dartmouth Col- 
 lege in 1863, and was 
 graduated therefrom 
 in the class of 1867. 
 He chose the profes- 
 sion of the law, and 
 began his prelimi- 
 nary studies in t h e 
 office of D. & C. 
 Saunders, in Law- 
 rence. After being 
 with them a year, he 
 entered the Harvard 
 Law School, c om - 
 pleted the course 
 there, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1869. He then taught the high 
 school two years in Clendall, Ohio. He returned to 
 Haverhill in 1872, and commenced the practice of his 
 profession, in which he is still successfully engaged. 
 On both the civil and criminal side of the court he has 
 acquired the reputation of being a fearless, discreet 
 and zealous advocate. He has attained considerable 
 prominence as counsel in many of the noted criminal 
 causes of Essex County, and he has acted as leading 
 
 T 
 
 '._^ 
 
 BENJAMIN F. BRICKETT 
 
 counsel successfully in a capital case of some note in 
 New Hampshire. Mr. Brickett has been closely iden- 
 tified with the politics of city and State for some years, 
 and is a stanch Democrat. He was chairman of the 
 Democratic City Committee from 1882 to 1886, and 
 from 1889 to 1892, inclusive ; city solicitor of Haverhill, 
 1883, 1884 and 1885 ; a member of the School Com- 
 mittee from 1876 to 1882 ; a member of the State Sen- 
 ate from the fourth Essex senatorial district for the year 
 
 1 89 1, and a delegate 
 from his congres- 
 sional district to the 
 National Democratic 
 Convention at Chi- 
 cago, which nomi- 
 nated Cleveland and 
 Stevenson. He was 
 an active worker for 
 the candidacy of Mr. 
 Cleveland. Lentil 
 Mr. Brickett took the 
 chairmanship of the 
 Democratic City 
 Committee in 1889, 
 the city of Haverhill 
 had always been 
 strongly Republican, 
 but under his leader- 
 ship it has become 
 quite evenly bal- 
 anced. His efforts 
 in behalf of his party, 
 and in defence of his 
 principles and con- 
 victions ha\e gained 
 him prominence and 
 distinction through- 
 out the State. As a 
 member of the State 
 Senate in 1891, he 
 was conspicuous for his very able work on the Judiciary 
 Committee. He was also appointed chairman of the 
 Joint Committee on Probate and Insolvency by a Re- 
 publican president of the Senate. While he was an 
 especial champion of all legislation intended to benefit 
 the wage earner and farmer, he carefully guarded all the 
 varied interests of the fourth Essex district, and won 
 the admiration of his constituents. Mr. Brickett was 
 married in (Ireat Falls, N.H., in 1889, to E.Jennie Guptill. 
 
 
 X-. 
 
396 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 RVX. (;K0RGE H. reed, pastor of the North 
 Church in Haverhill, was born in Worcester, 
 Mass., March 24, 1858. His father, Samuel (',. Reed, 
 who married Clara E. Harlan, of Shrewsbury, Mass., a 
 lineal descendant of John Alden, was for fifty years a 
 manufacturer of carriage wheels and an inventor of a 
 tire heater now extensively used in heating carriage 
 and locomotive tires with gas. His son George attended 
 the Worcester schools until the age of sixteen, when he 
 engaged in business 
 for five years. He 
 then renewed his in- 
 terest in his studies, 
 and prepared himself 
 for his present call- 
 ing in accordance 
 with a most cher- 
 ished desire of his 
 father. He there- 
 fore entered Phillips 
 Exeter Academy in 
 the fall of 1879, and 
 was graduated in the 
 centennial class of 
 1883, of which he 
 had the honor of 
 being class orator. 
 On account of the 
 uncertain condition 
 of his father's health, 
 Mr. Reed deemed it 
 wise to take his the- 
 ological course at 
 15 a n g o r Seminary 
 before entering upon 
 his studies at Boston 
 University. While at 
 the university h e 
 accepted a unani- 
 mous call to become 
 
 pastor of the Winslow Church, in Taunton, Mass., and 
 was ordained and installed June 3, 1887. During his 
 successful pastorate over this church Mr. Reed married 
 Miss Nellie V. Deane, daughter of Dr. A. S. Deane, a 
 prominent physician of that city. Mrs. Reed at once 
 proved herself eminently fitted in every way for the 
 delicate duties of a minister's wife. One daughter has 
 been born to them, Margaret Reed. While in Taunton, 
 he was elected trustee of Bristol Academy, president of 
 
 GEORGE H. REED 
 
 the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 
 l)resident of the Board of Associated Charities, presi- 
 dent of the Taunton Congregational Club, and for 
 three years was scribe of the Taunton Conference of 
 Congregational Churches. After four years of fruitful 
 service as a beloved pastor in this field, a unanimous 
 call was extended to him by the North Church of 
 Haverhill to be its minister, and upon its acceptance he 
 moved to Haverhill. He was installed Nov. 10, 1891, 
 
 in his new field of 
 labor, where his 
 knowledge of men 
 acquired in his bus- 
 iness career together 
 with his studious 
 habits and pleasing 
 address have emi- 
 nently qualified him 
 to meet the demands 
 of one of the strong- 
 est churches outside 
 of Boston in Eastern 
 Massachusetts. The 
 North Church em- 
 ploys a pastor's 
 assistant, who, being 
 a sensible and de- 
 voted woman, finds 
 access to the hearts 
 and homes of the 
 young women em- 
 ployed in the large 
 shoe shops. The 
 Young Women's 
 Reading Room, sus- 
 tained by the church, 
 attracts nearly five 
 thousand visitors 
 each year. Classes 
 in book-keeping, 
 type-writing, painting, elocution and singing enable 
 young women to obtain more lucrative positions than 
 they could otherwise command. One of the sewing 
 societies connected with the church, the Bethany Asso- 
 ciation, is a chartered organization, whose charities 
 amount to one thousand dollars each year. The large 
 sewing-school and the ably-conducted Chinese Mission 
 School indicate the vigor and practical spirit of this 
 church under the guidance of its popular pastor. 
 
IIA VERIIILL. 
 
 397 
 
 J OTIS WARDWELL, son of Zenas C. and Adriana 
 . S. VVardwell, was born in Lowell, Mass., March 
 14, 1856. His parents moved to Groveland in i860. 
 He was educated in the common schools, at the George- 
 town High School, at the New London Academy and at 
 the Boston LTniversity Law School, where he graduated 
 with the degree of LL. B. in the class of 1879. He 
 then studied law with Samuel J. Klder in Boston and 
 with J. P. and B. B. Jones in Haverhill, and was ad- 
 mitted to the Essex 
 bar in 1879. He 
 then took up his res- 
 idence in Haverhill 
 and formed a law 
 partnership with 
 Henry N. Merrill, 
 under the firm name 
 of Merrill & Ward- 
 well. This partner- 
 ship continued until 
 Dec. I, 189T, when 
 Mr. W'ardwell retired 
 from the firm and is 
 now practising in 
 Boston, with his office 
 at No. 53 State Street, 
 although residing in 
 Haverhill. He has 
 always taken an active 
 interest in politics, 
 and was elected a 
 member of the Com- 
 mon Council in 1882. 
 In 18S7 he was 
 elected to the lower 
 branch of the Mas- 
 sachusetts Legisla- 
 ture as a Republican, 
 and was honored with 
 five consecutixe 
 
 terms in that body. Early in his first session he was 
 prominent in debates, and at the close of the session 
 was regarded as one of the leaders of the House. At 
 the beginning of his second year he was recognized as 
 the Republican leader upon the floor, which position he 
 held during the remainder of his legislative service. 
 He was twice a candidate for speaker of the House, 
 and was defeated in the second contest by only two 
 votes, after one of the hardest contests in the history of 
 
 J. OTIS WARDWELL 
 
 the Commonwealth. While a member of the Legisla- 
 ture he served upon the following committees : Elec- 
 tions (chairman), Probate and Insolvency, Mercantile 
 Affairs (chairman), Judiciary, Rules (chairman), and 
 was a member of the special committee to investigate 
 the charges of corrupt use of money in the passage of 
 the bill to incorporate the town of Beverly Farms. He 
 was also chairman of a committee to investigate similar 
 charges as to the bill for granting franchises to elevated 
 
 railroads in Boston. 
 Both these investiga- 
 tions attracted wide- 
 spread attention, and 
 Mr. Wardwell was 
 highly complimented 
 for the manner in 
 which he presided 
 over them. During 
 his entire legislative 
 service he was always 
 prominent in debates 
 upon all public ques- 
 tions, particularly 
 those relating to the 
 right of suffrage, such 
 as the abolishment 
 of the poll-tax qual- 
 ification as a pre- 
 requisite to the right 
 to vote. As a mem- 
 ber of the "No Tax 
 League," he joined 
 with some of the 
 most prominent Re- 
 publicans in the State 
 in asking for the 
 amendment to the 
 constitution in favor 
 of the abolition as 
 above stated. He 
 always fa\ored progressive temperance legislation and 
 all legislation for protecting the ballot. He has not 
 only been active in the Legislature, but upon the stump 
 during the campaigns of the last six years, in which he 
 was very prominent. For several years Mr. Wardwell 
 has been an active member of the Republican State 
 Committee, and served as assistant secretary two years 
 and secretary three years. He has a wide acquaintance 
 with contemporary public men and measures. 
 
 >wf(«»r*^^w?r' 
 
39S 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ALDEN r. JAQUES, one of the successful business 
 men of Haverhill, is a nati\e of Bowdoin, Me., 
 where he was born, March 4, 1835. He is the eldest 
 son of Stafford and Harriet Jaques. In 1858 he mar- 
 ried Harriet, daughter of John Carr, of Bowdoin. She 
 died in 1865. Mr. Jaques married, in 1871, Miss Marci 
 L., daughter of Leonard R. .-Xvery, of New Hampton, 
 N. H. They have had one son, Walter H. Jaques. 
 Mr. Jaques lived in Bowdoin and Richmond, Me., until 
 1859, when he took 
 up his residence in 
 Haverhill, and soon 
 after formed a part- 
 nership with his 
 brother-in-law, Ran- 
 dall A. Potter, in the 
 shoe business, the 
 name of the firm be- 
 ing Potter & Jaques. 
 In 1870 Mr. Jaques, 
 i n company with 
 John B. Nichols, 
 purchased a build- 
 ing on Washington 
 Street, and in it in- 
 augurated an enter- 
 prise that has done 
 more than any other 
 to revolutionize the 
 shoe i nd u st ry i n 
 Haverhill, namely 
 t h e application of 
 steam power for 
 making shoes. This 
 movement was re- 
 garded at first as 
 im]3racticable, but 
 it was soon gener- 
 ally adopted. Mr. 
 Jaques was also the 
 
 first to succeed in making shoes in what is known as a 
 string sho|). In this he has been followed by others, 
 until now nearly every manufacturer has adopted this 
 method. Mr. Jaques continued in the shoe business 
 until the great conflagration in February, 1882, when 
 his factory and other buildings were totally destroyed. 
 He afterwards had more substantial buildings erected, 
 but retired at this time from the shoe business, and 
 became engaged in real estate and other enterprises, 
 
 ALDEN P. JAQUES 
 
 with now and then a \acation for travel in all parts of 
 his own country, and a trij) abroad. His unquestioned 
 integrity has been a large factor in his successful busi- 
 ness career, as he never experienced any difficulty in 
 obtaining large loans of money from banking institu- 
 tions and private citizens. In addition to his large 
 business interests Mr. Jaques has always found time to 
 de\ote to the welfare of the city and State where he 
 resides. His fellow-citizens, recognizing his talents and 
 
 ability, have honored 
 hnn by ])lacing him 
 in positions of trust 
 a n d responsibility. 
 Mr. Jaques has 
 served two terms as 
 a member of the 
 Haverhill School 
 Board. He is a 
 Republican in poli- 
 tics, a loyal supporter 
 of his party, and has 
 done much personal 
 work, besides con- 
 tributing liberally to 
 campaign funds. In 
 1885 and 1886 he 
 was a member of the 
 Board of .Aldermen, 
 and served on its 
 important commit- 
 tees. In 1887 anil 
 1 888 Mr. Jaques rep- 
 resented his district 
 in the lower branch 
 of the Massachusetts 
 Legislature, and in 
 1882 was elected to 
 the Senate, where he 
 was honored with a 
 membership of the 
 loint Special Committee on County Affairs and Criminal 
 Costs. He was also chairman of the State House Com- 
 mittee, chairman of the Woman Suffrage Committee, 
 and a member of the Committee on Libraiies. Mr. 
 laques is a member of Haverhill Commandery, Knights 
 Templar; Saggahen Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons , 
 Mutual Relief Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fel- 
 lows, and of the North Church Society, and is active in 
 all these organizations. 
 

 t: 
 
 HOl.YOKE, like Venice, is famous for her canals, or perhaps more properly for the many and immense con- 
 cerns which have had their birth on account of them, and which have given to the city a world-wide 
 reputation, and have raised her from an insignificant and almost unknown town, to the position of eighth city in 
 the State, within a generation. Her growth has been phenomenal, similar in some respects to that of some West- 
 ern cities, but vastly more stable. The city is yet young, still lacking three years of her majority, but she is alive 
 to every issue and fully able to meet all of the requirements made upon her. In fact there are few cities more 
 ])rogressive than Holyoke, as her rapidlv increasing population and valuation attest, and few Bay State municipali- 
 ties have a brighter future. 
 
 Holyoke's history is a brief one. In the early years of the present century no such place appeared upon 
 the map, although her progenitor, Ireland, a little colony of less than twenty families, was designated as early as 
 1745. The people were agriculturalists, and not even their most Utopian dreams pictured the handsome city of 
 to-day. In 1825 the place was sparselv settled, and only two small mills were in operation; neither one repre- 
 senting the big industry of the ])resent, which has given Holyoke her sobriquet of the " Paper City." Holyoke 
 owes her existence to her water power, but it was not until 1831 that any attempt was made to utilize it. At that 
 time the Hadley Falls Company built a wing dam, obli(|nely, into the ri\er, to olrtain power to run a cotton mill 
 of four thousand spindles. This mill, with another small one, was the only manufacturing establishment there as 
 late as 1847. It was in this year that the Holyoke of to-day really had its birth, for it was at this time that the 
 water was measured and found to re|)resent thirty thousand horse-power. Had a gold mine opened before the 
 gaugers they could not have been more surprised or delighted, and the negotiations of se\eral capitalists for a 
 certain tract of land were (|iiickly concluded. 
 
 In the following year a new company conceived the ])lan of damming the ri\er, and at once purchased 
 ele\ en hundred acres of territory ; the work was begun and the great structure stood completed the morning of 
 No\-. 19, 1848. The water was turned in, hut the dam was not strong enough to resist the strain, and at two o'clock 
 in the afternoon it ga\e way, and the waters swept on to the sea untrammelled. Nothing daunted, the promoters 
 of the scheme again set to work, and a second and more lasting structure was completed in ( )ctober, 1849, which 
 was further strengthene<l some years later by the construction of a massive apron in front of it. The water is con- 
 ducted through the city by three great canals, all being on different le\els ; the main water-course utilizing the 
 second le\el canal as a race-way. All are well lined with mills. 
 
 Paper making is the great industrv of the city, and represents an invested capital of about fise miliioii 
 dollars, while the daily o\itput rejjresents one-twentieth \iart of the entire manufacture of the country^ Other 
 manufactures of importance are i)umping machinery, wire goods and silk and woollen textiles, bringing the total 
 capitalization in the citv up to about twche million dollars, while hundreds of cars of freight are monthly shi[)i)ed 
 to and from the busy place. 
 
 Holyoke was set off as a town March 14, 1850, and the bill to establish her as a city was signed by Gover- 
 nor Washburn twenty-three years later. The city's valuation has increased very rapidly, and so have her improve- 
 ments, until to-day she stands well up with her sister municipalities in the onward march. She spends money 
 freely but not extravagantly in permanent improvements, such as asphalt and granite block paving, and besides, 
 supports excellent police and fire departments, and fine schools. The city has many elegant churches, business 
 blocks and residences, and a system of electric street cars that is first class, while every portion of the town is well 
 lighted by electricity or gas. The city also has one of the finest city halls in the State, and the veteran is remem- 
 bered by a handsome monument. Among the important institutions are the Board of Trade and the public 
 library, with fifteen thousand volumes, that have materially aided the growth of this young, but in niany ways 
 remarkable, city of inland Massachusetts. 
 
400 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JEREMIAH FRANCIS SULLIVAN, mayor of HoL 
 yoke, of whom a short life sketch is herewith given, 
 cLiims the United States as a home by adoption. His 
 residence here has extended over a period nearly cov- 
 ering his entire life. Mayor Sullivan was born in Dur- 
 sey Island, County of Cork, Ireland, Feb. 14, 1840, 
 his parents being Mortimer and Mary (Sullivan) Sulli- 
 van. For two or three years young Sullivan attended 
 school in the Emerald Isle, but in 1S49, when only nine 
 years old, he came to 
 this country and has 
 since been loyal to 
 the stars and stripes. 
 During his long resi- 
 dence in this country, 
 with the exception 
 of a few months 
 spent at Providence, 
 R. I., he has lived in 
 Holyoke, the c i t y 
 which iias often 
 honored him, and to 
 which he has brought 
 honor. LTpon arriv- 
 ing in Holyoke he 
 went to school and 
 passed his time with 
 his books until h e 
 was thirteen years 
 old, when he was 
 compelled to give up 
 his schooling and go 
 to work. He worked 
 in a cotton mill until 
 he reached the age 
 of sixteen, when he 
 went into the meat 
 and provision busi- 
 ness, in the employ 
 of James F. Allyn, 
 
 for whom he worked nine years, or until "Mr. Allyn took 
 him into partnership. This partnership existed for nine- 
 teen years, when Mr. Allyn retired from business, and 
 he has since conducted it alone, increasing it to very 
 prosperous proportions. In his political belief Mayor 
 Sullivan is a true-blue Democrat, and has been exalted 
 to several positions of honor and power by the party to 
 which he belongs. His official life began in 1874, when 
 he was elected overseer of the poor, which position he 
 
 JEREMIAH F. SULLIVAN 
 
 held for two years. He gave up the place in 1876, 
 when he was elected an assessor. To the latter office 
 he was elected for five consecutive terms of three years 
 each, being chairman of the board for the last eight 
 years of his incumbency. In the year 1889 he resigned 
 from the board and was elected mayor, and made such 
 a good record for himself and his party that he was 
 unanimously renominated the following year and was 
 again elected. For a third time the Democrats chose 
 
 him as their standard- 
 bearer, and he went 
 into the office with 
 an increased major- 
 ity, although he had 
 received an unusu- 
 ally large majority 
 the year before. He 
 has been a conscien- 
 tious and hard work- 
 ing executive and 
 has relegated self- 
 interest to the back- 
 ground in his desire 
 to give the city good 
 government. He 
 has received the 
 indorsement of 
 members of both 
 parties in many of his 
 official acts, and his 
 regime hasbeen char- 
 acterized by a spirit 
 of progress and im- 
 pro\ement. Mayor 
 Sulli\an's life is not 
 wholly taken up with 
 the trials and vexa- 
 tions of his official 
 or business cares, 
 however, for he finds 
 an opportunity to devote some time to the amenities of 
 domestic and social life. He was married in November, 
 1863, to Catherine E. Dower. Seven children have been 
 born to them, five of whom are living. Mayor Sullivan 
 is an excellent example of what a fine graft can be made 
 on American ideas and Ainerican life by foreign stock. 
 While remaining loyal to the cause of his native land 
 and sympathizing with her struggles, he is nevertheless 
 a thorough-going American. 
 
HOL YOKE. 
 
 401 
 
 COLONEL EMBURY P. CLARK, while closely in 
 touch with all sides of Holyoke life, cannot lie 
 exclusively called a Holyoke citizen, for his long and 
 honorable service for this State, both on the field of 
 battle and in the militia, give him a broader citizenship 
 than is afforded by the environment of any city or 
 section. Colonel Clark is the son of Chandler and 
 Joanna (Woodward) Clark, and first saw the light in the 
 town of Buckland, Franklin County, Mass., March 31, 
 1845. His early 
 education was r e - 
 ceived in the public 
 schools of the town, 
 but in 1858 he re- 
 moved with his par- 
 ents to Holyoke, 
 where he has since 
 resided. He spent 
 some time at school 
 a n d wo r ki ng in a 
 store, but in 1862, 
 when only seventeen, 
 he enlisted in Com- 
 pany B, Forty-sixth 
 Regiment, Massa- 
 chusetts \'olunteers, 
 and s e r \" e d with 
 credit in North Caro- 
 li na and with the 
 Army of the Potomac. 
 After his return from 
 the war he was for 
 several years in the 
 drug business and 
 afterward paymaster 
 for a large manufac- 
 turing concern. In 
 July, 1876, his fellow- 
 townsmen ga\e out- 
 ward recognition of 
 
 the service he had rendered and the esteem in which 
 they held him, by electing him water registrar, a posi- 
 tion he has since held. The honor is all the more 
 marked, when it is remembered that Holyoke is intensely 
 Democratic, while Colonel Clark is strongly Republican. 
 Colonel Clark has always taken a lively interest in educa- 
 tional matters and has been a member of the School 
 Board for the last fifteen years. In harmony with his 
 educational interest is his interest in music. He 
 
 EMBURY P. CLARK 
 
 has sung in various church choirs, was one of the origi- 
 nators and president, for several years, of the Holyoke 
 Choral Union, and, later, president of the Connecticut 
 Valley Musical Association. In matters military Colonel 
 Clark takes a ranking position. He has been very 
 prominent in the militia since the war. In 1868 he was 
 sergeant of Company K, Second Regiment, and was 
 elected captain a year later. In 187 1 he was made 
 major, and a little later, lieutenant-colonel, but upon 
 
 the reorganization of 
 the militia, in 1876, 
 was honorablv dis- 
 charged with all 
 other officers rank- 
 ing above captain. 
 He re-entered the 
 service as captain of 
 Company D, Dec. 23, 
 1S78, and was pro- 
 mote d to the lieu- 
 tenant-colonelcy of 
 the Second Regiment 
 in 1879, which posi- 
 tion he held until 
 Feb. 2, i88g, when 
 he was made colonel. 
 Although a strict 
 disciplinarian he is 
 very popular »■ i t h 
 both the officers and 
 men under him. 
 Colonel Clark is also 
 a member of the 
 Militarv Service In- 
 s t i t u t i o n of the 
 L'nited State-s,. be- 
 sides being a charter 
 member, a n d for 
 eight years comman- 
 d e r , of Kilpatrick 
 Grand Army Post of Holyoke. He was nominated in 
 1892 for sheriff of Hampden County by the Republicans. 
 He was married in 1866 to Kliza .A.., daughter of Perley 
 and Julia M. Seaver. Of this union there are four chil- 
 dren : Kate E., Edward S., Frederick B. and .Alice M. 
 Clark, and his home life is very pleasant. Colonel 
 Clark has rendered valuable services to the militia of the 
 Commonwealth, and to the causes of education and of 
 music in the community in which he lives. 
 
402 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 "^ 1^ 
 
 WILLIAM WHITING was born, May 24, 1S41, in 
 Dudley, Mass., his parents being William B. and 
 Elizabeth B. Whiting, the former a descendant of an old 
 English family which had settled in Lynn, Mass., in 
 1636. He was married in 1862 to Annie AL, daughter 
 of J-uther i\L F"airfield, of Holyoke, and they have two 
 children, William F. and Raynor S. Whiting. After 
 completing his studies in the public schools, including 
 the high school, he entered upon his mercantile career 
 by becoming book- 
 keeper for the Hol- 
 yoke Paper Company 
 in 1858, but r e - 
 mained with that 
 concern for t h r e e 
 months only, resign- 
 ing to purchase the 
 wire mill, which he 
 converted into a 
 paper manufactory, 
 and which was after- 
 w a r d known as 
 Whiting No. i. It 
 was devoted to the 
 manufacture of fine 
 writing paper, and 
 was so successful that 
 Mr. Whiting p u r - 
 chased a tract of land 
 alongside the second 
 level canal, and 
 erected the magnifi- 
 cent paper mill, 
 called Whiting No. 
 2. At one time the 
 mills had the largest 
 output of any in the 
 country, and their 
 product has a rank- 
 ing position. M r . 
 
 Whiting has also been prominently connected with 
 other mercantile interests in Holyoke, both in real es- 
 tate, banking and manufacturing. In 1877 he added to 
 the buildings of the city the Holyoke Opera House and 
 the Windsor Hotel, two of the finest structures in the 
 city, the buildings costing about ,^125,000. He has also 
 been closely identified with the history of banking 
 in his city, and was one of the organizers and for many 
 years the president of the Holyoke National Bank. He 
 
 was likewise at one time connected with the Holyoke 
 Savings Bank, and is now a director of the Chapin Na- 
 tional Bank of Springfield. In a different line of busi- 
 ness is his connection with the Connecticut River Rail- 
 road, of which he is a director, while he was for years 
 the vice-president of the Holyoke & Westfield Railroad. 
 In everything that pertains to the public weal he is one 
 of the leaders, and is connected with many local insti- 
 tutions, including the public library, of which he is the 
 
 president. Mr. 
 Whiting was one of 
 the organizers of the 
 Board of Trade, and 
 was its president 
 until 1892, when he 
 declined re-election. 
 In politics Mr. Whit- 
 ing is a Republican, 
 and has had a full 
 share of jjolitical hon- 
 ors. In 1873 he was 
 elected to the Mas- 
 sachusetts State Sen- 
 ate, and in 1877 was 
 chosen mayor of 
 Holyoke, being re- 
 elected the following 
 year. Previous to 
 becoming mayor he 
 was in 1876 and 1877 
 elected city treas- 
 urer, being chosen to 
 both positions by 
 heavy majorities, al- 
 though the city was 
 strongly Democratic. 
 In the Centennial 
 year he was chosen 
 a delegate to the 
 Republican National 
 C'onvention that numinateil Rutherford B. Hayes for the 
 presidency. So popular was he with his party that he 
 was elected to the National House of Representatives, 
 serving in the Forty-eighth Congress, and was re-elected 
 to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth congresses from the 
 same district, filling out in a measure a very eventful 
 and successful public career. Mr. Whiting's attainments 
 are of such a nature as to ensure for him an e\er widen- 
 ing field of usefulness in the future. 
 
 WILLIAM WHITING. 
 
HOL YOKE. 
 
 403 
 
 WILLIAM B. C. PEARSONS, who enjoys the 
 distinction of being tlie first mayor of the 
 city of Holyoke, that prosperous and enterprising muni- 
 cipality in the Connecticut valley, has been a resident 
 of the "Paper City" for more than forty-three years, and 
 has seen the place grow from a \ery small town into a 
 large and important city. Judge Pearsons is a Ver- 
 monter by birth, the little town of Fairlee in that State 
 being the scene of his advent into the world. The date 
 of the event was 
 Dec. 19, 1825, and 
 h i s parents were 
 J o h n and Hannah 
 (Putnam) Pearsons, 
 the latter being a 
 near relative of Gen- 
 eral Israel Putnam of 
 Revolutionary fame. 
 When he was very 
 young his parents 
 removed to Brad- 
 ford, in the same 
 State, and it was in 
 this town that the 
 education of the boy 
 was begun. His first 
 experience w a s in 
 the common schools, 
 and later he entered 
 the academy and be- 
 gan preparations for 
 his future profession. 
 After leaving the 
 academy he entered 
 upon a course of 
 stud y in the law 
 school of Harvard 
 University, and was 
 graduated with the 
 degree LL. B. in 
 
 1849. He immediately located in Holyoke, and during 
 all these forty-three years has practised his profession 
 in that city. His legal business early became a large 
 and lucrative one and still continues so, although his 
 position as police justice of the city takes so much of 
 his time that he cannot devote himself to pleading as 
 extensively as in former years. Judge Pearsons has 
 witnessed many important changes in the city, and has 
 himself been an important factor in some of its reforms. 
 
 WILLIAM B. C. PEARSONS 
 
 When Holyoke was yet in its teens, as a town, he was 
 one of the leading citizens, and was called upon to fill 
 many offices in the town government. At various times 
 he was an assessor and member of the School Com- 
 mittee, both offices being held for a number of years. 
 In 1863 and 1864 he was first selectman of the town, 
 but previously, in 1859, he was a representative to the 
 lower branch of the Massachusetts Legislature, and had 
 been a senator from the Western Hampden district in 
 
 1862. In 1S64 Judge 
 Pearsons entered the 
 army as paymaster, 
 with the rank of 
 major, and served 
 during that year and 
 the one following. 
 '^"->-, U'hen Holyoke 
 
 adopted municipal 
 government in 1873, 
 an eye was cast about 
 for a suitable man for 
 the mayoralty, and 
 Judge Pearsons was 
 nominated and easily 
 elected. His legal 
 training made him 
 particularly valuable 
 to the young city, 
 and he spent a great 
 deal of time and la- 
 bor in drafting the 
 city's ordinances, 
 while his far-sighted 
 and dignified method 
 of conducting the 
 city's affairs was ad- 
 mired by all. Con- 
 sequently he was re- 
 elected the two years 
 following. His ad- 
 ministrations were singularly able in every respect. He 
 has been police court justice since 1877. He married 
 Sarah E. Taylor, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George 
 Taylor, of Westfield, in February, 1857, and has a family 
 consisting of one son and two daughters, the latter 
 being married. Judge Pearsons's eminent legal attain- 
 ments and his honorable and highly successful career in 
 public service and on the bench place him among the 
 truly representative men of the Commonwealth. 
 
404 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ASHLEY B. TOWER, who has a national reputation 
 as an architect and civil engineer, was born at 
 Windsor, Mass., June 26, 1847. Mr. Tower's parents 
 were Stephen D. and P^sther L. (Beals) Tower, and the 
 family was a prominent one in that town and descend- 
 ants of the first settlers of Massachusetts Colony. He 
 received a good and liberal education, and, after serving 
 three years' apprenticeship as a builder, he began the 
 study of the business that has since become his life- 
 work and which has 
 given him an acquain- 
 tance with manufac- 
 turers in all parts of 
 the country. Mr. 
 Tower was married 
 in 187s to Permelia 
 J. Fritts. Mr. Tower 
 has had a long and 
 successful career in 
 his chosen profession, 
 and to-day stands at 
 the head. He was 
 elected city engineer 
 of the city of Holyoke 
 in the year 1881, 
 and he successively 
 held the office that 
 year and for the two 
 succeeding ones, in- 
 troducing many re- 
 forms into the man- 
 agement of the office. 
 In 1878 he became 
 the junior partner of 
 the firm of D. H. & 
 \. B. Tower, civil en- 
 gineers and archi- 
 tects, at Holyoke, 
 and for thirteen years 
 retained these rela- 
 tions. During that time the firm built up a very large 
 business in the designing and the superintendence of 
 construction of paper mills. Nearly all of the paper 
 manufacturing centres of the country show samples of 
 the work of the firm, and a mill building that bears the 
 stamp of the firm of Tower is considered all that is 
 desired. On Jan. i, 1892, A. B. Tower purchased the 
 interest of the senior partner and the good-will of the 
 firm, and has since conducted the business alone at 
 
 Holyoke, having large and well-arranged offices on Main 
 Street. With the change the success of Mr. Tower has 
 not decreased but, on the contrary, has largely increased. 
 As a designer and builder of paper and fibre mills, and 
 as an inventor and patentee of paper machinery, he is 
 recognized as the leading expert of the country. When 
 in partnershi]) with his brother he designed many of the 
 large paper mills of Holyoke, as well as mills that were 
 erected in foreign countries. x\mong his many con- 
 tracts some of the 
 most important are 
 the Kimberly and 
 Clark mills at Kim- 
 berly, Wis., the Telu- 
 lah mill at Appleton, 
 Wis., the Glens Falls 
 paper mill at Fort 
 Edward, N. V., the 
 Ticonderoga mill at 
 Ticonderoga, N. V., 
 the Denver paper 
 mills at Denver, Col., 
 the Shattuck and 
 Babcock paper mill 
 
 ASHLEY B, TOWER. 
 
 at De Pere, Wis., the 
 Linden paper mill 
 and the Riverside pa- 
 per mills at Holyoke, 
 the Niagara Falls 
 Paper C o m p a n y ' s 
 mills at Niagara Falls, 
 N. Y., and the im- 
 mense paper and sul- 
 phite fibre mills now 
 being erected at 
 Rumford Falls, Me. 
 He is also a director 
 in the Denver Paper 
 Mills Company, and 
 is interested in a num- 
 ber of other manufacturing plants. He enjoys the repu- 
 tation of being one of the best mill architects in the 
 country, his mastery of all the intricate details of paper- 
 mill construction being unsurpassed. His success as 
 civil engineer and as inventor is well matched by the 
 prosperity that has attended his numerous business 
 ventures. Mr. Tower is domestic in his tastes, and 
 after business hours enjoys his evenings at his home 
 with his library and many works of art. 
 
HOL YOKE. 
 
 405 
 
 WILLIAM HENRY BROOKS, the son of Reuben 
 P. and Margaret (Eliot) Brooks, is a native of 
 Schuyler's Lake, Otsego County, N. Y., where he was 
 born, Jan. 5, 1855. The birthplace of Mr. Brooks is 
 thirty miles south of Utica, being a part of Richfield 
 Springs, and was adopted as a home by Mr. Brooks, 
 Sr., when he retired from business in New ^"ork City. 
 William H. fitted for college at Clinton Liberal Insti- 
 tute at Clinton, N. Y., and entered Dartmouth College 
 in 1872, from which 
 he graduated during 
 Centennial year. 
 He began the study 
 of law in the office 
 of Warren C. French, 
 at Woodstock, \'t. 
 After being admitted 
 to the bar Mr. 
 Brooks formed a law 
 partnership w i t h 
 Edward W. Chapin, 
 of Holyoke, in 187S, 
 and remained so con- 
 nected until 1882, 
 when he withdrew 
 and commenced the 
 practice of his pro- 
 fession alone. H e 
 has practised in that 
 city ever since, al- 
 though owing to the 
 fact that "Sjjringfieid 
 is the county seat 
 and the scene of the 
 larger part of his 
 work, Mr. Brooks 
 has recently opened 
 an office in the latter 
 city, which he runs in 
 connection with 
 
 the one at Holyoke. Mr. Brooks's career at the Hamp- 
 den County bar has been a most brilliant one, and he 
 stands to-day in the front rank of his profession, in the 
 western part of the State. He is very versatile in his 
 practice and can conduct a criminal case or jjlead in a 
 civil suit with equal ease. Although still comparatively 
 young, both in years of life and experience, Mr. Brooks 
 has been counsel in some cases which have brought him 
 both fame and money. Recently his work has been 
 
 WILLIAM H. BROOKS 
 
 more in the civil line, but within the past few years he 
 has been counsel for the defence in several trials for 
 manslaughter and in six murder cases. He is a fine 
 jury lawyer, and the announcement that he is to deliver 
 an argument to the chosen twelve is sure to attract 
 many listeners. He never goes into a case unless fully 
 prepared, and both in cross examining and in delivering 
 an argument conducts himself in a manner that carries 
 conviction. Inheritance and personal study of political 
 
 principles have es- 
 tablished Mr. 
 Brooks's Republi- 
 canism beyond the 
 shadow of a doubt, 
 and he has done 
 some very effective 
 campaign work in 
 his congressional dis- 
 trict. He does not 
 seek for office, how- 
 ex er, and in the year 
 1892, declined 
 a nomination to 
 Congress, in his dis- 
 trict. He was nom- 
 inated for the dis- 
 trict attorneyship in 
 iSSg, but lost it by 
 only a very small 
 number of votes. 
 He was city solici- 
 tor of Holyoke in 
 1881, 1882 and 1883 
 and was nominated 
 for mayor the follow- 
 ing year, being de- 
 feated by a small 
 majority in that 
 Democratic strong- 
 hold. Mr. Brooks 
 has been twice married. His first wife was Mary, 
 daughter of Warren C. French, of \\'oodstock, Yt., who 
 died in 1881. In 1884 he married Jennie, daughter of 
 the late Edwin Chase. He has three children by the 
 first union and two by the latter. The qualities that 
 have assured Mr. Brooks's success at the bar are his 
 industry, his earnestness, his eloquence and his capacity 
 to throw himself, heart and soul, into a case and make 
 his client's interests his own. 
 
4o6 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 DR. C'iEORGP: HERBERT SMITH, who is one of 
 the leading physicians of the city of Holyoke 
 and has been for the past quarter of a century, was born 
 at Chicopee, Mass., July 4, 1840. He was the son of 
 Edmund H. and Lucy B. Smith. The elementary edu- 
 cation of Dr. Smith was acquired in the public schools 
 of his native town, both in the grammar and high schools 
 and later in Wesleyan Academy, at \Vilbraham, Mass., 
 from which he graduated in June, 1861. He commenced 
 the study of medi- 
 cine during the same 
 year. The breaking 
 out of the war fired 
 the youth with en- 
 thusiasm, and on 
 Sept. I, 1862, he 
 enlisted in Company 
 C, Twenty-fifth Reg- 
 iment, Connecticut 
 \' o 1 u n t e e r s . In 
 March of the follow- 
 i n g y e a r h e was 
 assigned to duty on 
 the surgical staff of 
 the regi me n t, re- 
 maining with it until 
 it was mustered out 
 of service. After 
 the close of the war, 
 Dr. Smith resumed 
 his medical studies 
 and was graduated 
 from Bellevue Hos- 
 pital Medical Col- 
 lege, at New York, 
 in March, 1865. 
 The young doctor 
 immediately located 
 at Simsbury, Conn., 
 and began the prac- 
 tice of medicine and surgery. He removed to Sycamore, 
 111., the following year and practised there for awhile. 
 In November, 1868, he returned Hast and settled at 
 Holyoke, where he has since been engaged in a large 
 and lucrative practice. He is considered one of the 
 best physicians in the city, and his opinion is often 
 sought. While the duties of the medical profession are 
 very exacting, especially where a doctor has a large 
 practice, Dr. Smith has found time to devote himself 
 
 GEORGE H. SMITH 
 
 quite extensively to municipal affairs and to several lines 
 of business in which he is interested. He is a Repub- 
 lican, and has often been an office holder in the city of 
 his adoption. He was a member of the Common 
 Council in the years 1875 and 1876, being president of 
 the board during his last year as a member. During the 
 next two years he represented his ward in the upper 
 branch of the City Council and was an important member 
 of that body- He has also been a member of the School 
 
 Committee for twelve 
 years, and has also 
 been a member of 
 the Board of Park 
 Commissioners and 
 chairman of the 
 Board of Health. 
 He has also been 
 chairman of the 
 Board of Commis- 
 sioners of the Sink- 
 ing Fund for the city 
 debt. Dr. Smith is 
 also interested i n 
 several mercantile 
 enterprises, being 
 owner of a third in- 
 terest in the Excel- 
 sior Paper Company 
 of Holyoke, and is 
 likewise a trustee 
 and auditor of the 
 Mechanics' Savings 
 Bank of that city. 
 He was a director 
 and auditor of the 
 Holyoke & West- 
 field Railroad in 
 I 87 8. Dr. Smith 
 is married, his wife 
 being Ada M., 
 daughter of the late Dr. C. W. Babcock, of Medina, 
 Ohio, to whom he was united, June 8, 1869. As a 
 result of this union Dr. and Mrs. Smith have two chil- 
 dren, .^bbie May Smith and Lucy C. Smith, to brighten 
 their home. In business political, and social circles 
 Dr. Smith enjoys great popularity, and he combines pro- 
 fessional ability and skill with a genius for business and 
 public affairs in an exceptional degree. In both spheres 
 he has been equally successful. 
 
not YOKE. 
 
 407 
 
 OXE of the representative citizens of Holyoke, and 
 especially of the French portion of that city, is 
 Pierre Bonvouloir, the subject of this sketch. Mr. 
 Bonvouloir was born in Sainte Brigide, county of Iber- 
 ville, P. Q., March 9, 1854, his parents being Pierre and 
 Mary Louise (Benoit) Bonvouloir. He attended school 
 until he was thirteen years old, when he went to work 
 on his father's farm and later in stores in St. Cesaire 
 and Farnham, P. Q. , He emigrated to the States and 
 settled in Holyoke, 
 Dec. 12, 1S71, 
 where he worked in 
 a couple of grocery 
 stores until August, 
 1875, when in com- 
 p a ny w i t h J. A. 
 Proulx he entered 
 business for himself. 
 The following year 
 he bought out his 
 partner and has 
 since conducted the 
 very profitable and 
 growing business 
 alone. The advan- 
 tages of this country 
 early impressed 
 themselves upon Mr. 
 Bonvouloir, a nd h e 
 became a citizen in 
 November of Cen- 
 tennial year. He 
 soon became promi- 
 nent in the political 
 affairs of the city and 
 became a leader in 
 the Democratic 
 party. In 1880 he 
 was elected to a seat 
 in the Common 
 
 Council from Ward Four, while during the years 1887 
 to 1892, inclusive, he served as school committeeman- 
 at-large, in which position he gave excellent satisfaction. 
 He was also elected a member of the Democratic State 
 Central Committee, this year. But Mr. Bonvouloir's 
 interest in city affairs is not confined to the field of 
 politics. It has a much broader scope. He is well 
 known and highly respected in business circles and is 
 interested in many important organizations. He is an 
 
 PIERRE BONVOULOIR 
 
 active member and director, since its organization, of 
 the Holyoke Board of Trade, and is always on the alert 
 for the advancement of the city's interest, either in the 
 introduction of new industries, or in the development of 
 old ones. He was also a member of the Holyoke Co- 
 operative Bank, and in July, 1889, he organized the City 
 Co-operative Bank and has been its secretary and 
 treasurer since that time. Mr. Bonvouloir is married 
 and has a pleasant family. His first marriage was to 
 
 Miss L u c i n d a, 
 daughter of Joseph 
 Dufresne, which took 
 place at Three 
 Rivers, P. Q., Feb. 
 2, 1883. Mrs. Bon- 
 vouloir died, and in 
 May, 1 89 1, he mar- 
 ried Annie Dufresne, 
 a sister of his first 
 wife. By his first 
 marriage Mr. B o n- 
 vouloir had four chil- 
 dren, Cosette,Liliane, 
 Annette and Lionel. 
 Mr. Bonvouloir is 
 very popular socially 
 and is a leader among 
 his countrymen, while 
 he counts his friends 
 among all nationali- 
 ties. He has in 
 terested himself in 
 the formation of 
 many French socie- 
 ties and has held 
 some office or other 
 in nearly all ot them. 
 Holyoke has a very 
 large French popu- 
 lation, and Mr. Bon- 
 vouloir's jjrominence in political and business life make 
 him a much sought after man, by members of the French 
 population. To many he has given friendly aid or 
 advice, and many have taken advantage of this interest 
 in the welfare of his fellow-man, to seek his help for 
 various objects. Mr. Bonvouloir is accordingly regarded 
 as the leading citizen of Canadian birth in Western Mas- 
 sachusetts, and he has exerted a widespread influence in 
 the Americanizing of his compatriots. 
 
4o8 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF 7^0-DAY. 
 
 EDWIN L. MUNN, president of the Park National 
 Bank of Holyoke, and one of the youngest bank 
 presidents in that section of the State, was born at 
 Greenfield, Mass., March 4, 1854. His father was 
 Colonel Charles H. Miinn, one of the leading citizens of 
 that town, and a descendant of a family that had been 
 residents of the place for many years. His mother was 
 Mary S. Stockwell, of Hadley. Both of Mr. Munn's 
 parents have died within the past two years. Edwin L. 
 Munn is unmarried, 
 and lives with his 
 brothers and sister, 
 having a very pleas- 
 ant home. Mr. 
 Munn's school -days 
 were comparatively 
 few, a n d h e m a y 
 properly be called a 
 self-educated man. 
 When a boy he at- 
 tended the public 
 schools inCreenfield, 
 and later spent a 
 year or more in Mt. 
 Pleasant Institute, at 
 Amherst, Mass. 
 While yet a boy he 
 began a business ca- 
 reer that has been 
 very successful, and 
 singularly enough 
 one that has followed 
 the same lines 
 through all of these 
 years. His first work 
 was as a boy in the 
 Franklin County 
 National Bank of 
 Greenfield, in which 
 institution he was 
 
 steadily advanced in position, being successively book- 
 keeper and teller. This latter position he held, when, 
 in 1876, he left the bank to go to Conway, Mass., as the 
 cashier of the Conway National Bank. He remained 
 there until he went to Holyoke, and with a number of 
 prominent capitalists organized the Citv National Bank 
 and became its cashier. He served in this cajiacity for 
 five years, or until 1884, when he organized the Home 
 National Bank and went into its service as cashier. In 
 
 EDWIN L. MUNN 
 
 March, 1892, he again became interested in the organ- 
 ization of a new bank, the third in one city, and the 
 result is the Park National Bank, of which he is the 
 piesident. The bank started with a capital of one hun- 
 dred thousand dollars and a paid-in surplus of fifty thou- 
 sand dollars, and so successful has it been that its stock 
 is quoted many points above par. The bank paid a 
 dividend of six per cent during the first six months of its 
 existence. It is finely located on High Street, near the 
 
 City Hall, and has 
 handsome quarters. 
 The safe and vault 
 are the finest in the 
 city, and are consid- 
 ered absolutely fire 
 and burglar proof. 
 The other officers of 
 the corporation are 
 William F. Whiting, 
 vice -president, and 
 G eorge W. Parker, 
 cashier. Mr. Munn's 
 political convictions 
 have a Democratic 
 tinge, and while he 
 is now too fully occu- 
 pied with his banking 
 business t o devote 
 much time to poli- 
 tics, he has in the 
 past been quite 
 pro m ine nt in this 
 field. He was treas- 
 urer of the city of 
 Holyoke in 1884, 
 1886, 1887 and 
 1888, and was the 
 Democratic nominee 
 for the State treasur- 
 ership in i88g and 
 1890. He is also a member of a number of promi- 
 nent clubs, including the Bay State, of Holyoke, the 
 Winthrop, of Springfield, and the Manhattan Athletic 
 Club, of New York, a chajner Mason, and a Knight of 
 Pythias. Mr. Munn's unliroken record of financial suc- 
 cess, his long experience in the banking business, and 
 his former prominence in political life constittite him 
 one of the representative men of the State. Socially, 
 Mr. Munn is popular in Holyoke and Springfield. 
 
l^^^^-i* 
 
 
 FITCHBURG is the thirteenth city in the State in point of size, and its population is twenty-seven thousand. 
 It is situated in the northeastern part of Worcester County, on the main line of the Fitchburg Railroad, 
 fifty miles west from Boston, and is one of the most active, enterprising and prosperous cities in the Common- 
 wealth. It is built in a \aUey through which courses the Nashua River, a stream^ that for one hundred years has 
 furnished power for various manufactories, and has been a leading factor in the growth of this now important 
 city. Originally situated only on the river banks, the city has of late years extended in every direction, so that 
 to-day the hills closing in the valley are covered with handsome mansions and comfortable cottages. In its early 
 days Fitchburg was the scene of many little conflicts with the aborigines, but very few tragic events are happily 
 recorded. The first white settlers permanently located there in 1748, and in 1764, with a population of only 259 
 souls, it was set off from the mother town of Lunenburg as a separate town. From this time to 1835 the history 
 of the town is like that of numerous others, a slow, steady gain : Init it was not till 1S70 that the place began to 
 attract notice. In 1800 the population was about 1,400; in 1S30, about 2,200; in 1S50, about 5,000; in 1870, 
 about 11,000; in 1885 it exceeded 15,000, and in 1890 it exceeded 22,000. From 1SS5, during a period of five 
 years, the gain exceeded forty-three per cent, surpassing any city in the State, and during the past two years it has 
 reached nearly 30,000. This rapid and almost unprecedented growth for a New England city has been due to the 
 activity of the Board of Trade in securing new industries, the enterprise and business foresight of its leading 
 citizens, and the city's natural advantages, more than to any artificial boom. 
 
 The industries of the city are both numerous and varied, comprising the manufacture of steam engines, 
 machinery and tools, woollen goods, worsted goods, extensive gingham factories, ranking among the first in the 
 country and the world ; large paper mills of national reputation, saw manufactory, rolling- machine mill, the only 
 one of its kind ; paper-mill machinery, boots and shoes, bicycles, large car shops, and many smaller but equally 
 important manufactories. The products of its factories and shops are exported to all parts of the world, and have 
 the reputation of holding their own in competition with home or foreign goods. Four national banks furnish a 
 vast amount of capital for the successful prosecution of all enterprises. 
 
 Besides being on the main line of the Fitchburg Railroad, now a trunk line, the city is the terminus for the 
 northern division of the Old Colony Railroad and the Cheshire division of the Fitchburg Railroad. About seventy 
 passenger trains arrive and depart daily from the large, commodious and handsome union depot. The railroad 
 facilities are exceptionally favorable both for passenger and freight traffic, and the two roads furnish an easy and 
 rapid communication with the seaboard, and with northern, southern or western connections at exceptionally 
 favorable rates. 
 
 The present valuation of the city is estimated as follows : Real estate, §12,97 r,i 5-5 ; personal estate,^4,093,- 
 630; gain since 1891, real estate, 5528,174 ; personal estate, $276,254 ; total, $804,428. The prospects of future 
 growth and importance were never brighter than now. The sales of real estate continue to increase at a surprising 
 rate, building operations and extensive impro\ements being noticeable on every side. Visitors from Western 
 States speak enthusiastically of the energy displayed, contrasting the city most favorably with the Western idea of 
 enterprise, growth and prosperity. The city possesses all the modern advantages of electric lights, gas, an excel- 
 lent system of water works unsurpassed in the State, paved streets and sidewalks, telegraph and telephone service, 
 local and long distance, electric and horse street cars, building societies, churches of all religious denominations, 
 first-class public schools with grammar and high schools, secret and benevolent societies of all orders, and numer- 
 ous private and public institutions for charitable, social, educational and benevolent purposes. The city also 
 possesses many public buildings of imposing appearance, chief among which is the Wallace Library and Art 
 Building, the gift of one of the city's most generons and most esteemed citizens, Hon. Rodney Wallace. In all 
 matters, industrial, social, moral, religious or educational, Fitchburg invites comparison with her sister cities, 
 having a peaceful, industrious and prosperous population. 
 
4IO 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE present mayor of Fitchburg is Hon. Samuel L. 
 Graves, a lawyer of considerable reputation and 
 a native of the pretty town of Groton, Mass. He is the 
 son of John J. and Lucy Graves, and was born July 18, 
 [847. .'\fter graduating from the schools of his native 
 town he entered .\mherst College, and graduated from 
 that institution with honors in the class of 1870. His 
 inclination led him in the direction of the law, and he 
 entered the office of Wood & Torrey, of Fitchburg, then 
 a leading legal firm 
 in Worcester County. 
 After the completion 
 of his legal studies 
 he was admitted to 
 practice in 1873. 
 Mr. Graves at once 
 opened an office of 
 his own in Fitchburg, 
 and almost immedi- 
 ately laid the foun- 
 dation for what has 
 grown to be an ex- 
 tensive and remuner- 
 ative practice. He is 
 looked upon as one 
 of the leading prac- 
 titioners in Central 
 Massachusetts. Mr. 
 Graves vv a s m a n y 
 times urged to accept 
 public office, but it 
 was twenty years be- 
 fore he could be per- 
 suaded to accept any 
 position but that of 
 school committee- 
 man. He faithfully 
 served in that capa- 
 city for eight years. 
 In the exciting mu- 
 
 nicii)a! contest of 1890 the temperance party urged him 
 to become their standard-bearer, and after some per- 
 suasion he consented. His opponent on the citizens' 
 ticket was Hon. Charles 1.. Hayden, then in office, but 
 Mr. Graves was elected by a big plurality, there being 
 a third candidate. The following year he was again ])ut 
 forward by the same party and was elected by a larger 
 vote than the previous year, his opponent, too, being 
 a well-known and highly-esteemed citizen who had seen 
 
 SAMUEL L. GRAVES, 
 
 many years of public life. In politics Mayor Graves 
 affiliates with the Democratic party, and has frequently 
 been mentiorted for important official positions by his 
 party. He has not, however, been an office seeker in 
 any sense of the term. Mr. Graves is universally con- 
 sidered a man of much courage and frankness, and his 
 expressions of opinion are always of a fearless and 
 aggressive nature, but at all times courteous and respect- 
 ful. Although he is a man of firm and decided convic- 
 tions, a due regard 
 for the opinions of 
 others has been one 
 of his distinguishing 
 characteristics ; and 
 among all ranks of 
 society, and with men 
 of all shades of po- 
 litical belief, he is a 
 decidedly popular 
 man. As in the case 
 of all men occupying 
 prominent and re- 
 
 j 1 sponsible positions, 
 
 m^ I Mr. Graves has been 
 
 igMSr^ t the subject of more 
 
 ■ or less criticism, but 
 
 his administration of 
 city affairs has been 
 considered by all par- 
 ties one of the most 
 able the city has yet 
 seen. During the two 
 vears he has held 
 office many public 
 improvements have 
 been made, and the 
 reiJutation of the city 
 as a business centre 
 has been more than 
 maintained. As a 
 speaker, Mr. Graves is well known, and is in demand at 
 gatherings of every kind. Mr. Graves has ne^■er become 
 closely identified with social or secret organizations, pre- 
 ferring his home circle to those gatherings when freed 
 from the cares of business and official life. In his capa- 
 city as member of the School Board of Fitchburg he was 
 enabled to accomplish much for the cause of education 
 in the city, and in the higher position to which he was 
 called he rendered greater services to the municipality. 
 
FITCHBURG. 
 
 411 
 
 INSEPARABLY connected with the growtli ami pros- 
 perity of Fitchburg, both during the past twenty- 
 five years and for many years to come, is Hon. Rodney 
 Wallace, who is widely known throughout the State and 
 the country. Mr. Wallace was born in New Ipswich, 
 N. H., sixty-nine years ago. His early days were spent 
 in his native State, and at the age of twelve years he 
 commenced life on his own account. Faithful to every 
 trust while filling the minor offices of life, he laid the 
 foundation for a pros- 
 ])erous and honor- 
 able business life, 
 and in early years 
 his employers 
 learned to place im- 
 plicit trust in him. 
 When thirty years of 
 age Mr. Wallace set- 
 tled in Fitchburg 
 and engaged in the 
 wholesale stationery, 
 paper and cotton 
 waste business, in 
 connection with the 
 late Stephen Shepley. 
 In 1865 the partner- 
 ship was dissolved, 
 and with three asso- 
 ciates he formed the 
 Fitch b u r g Pajjer 
 Company, becoming 
 sole proprietor in 
 1869. In addition 
 to his own business 
 undertakings M r . 
 Wallace has been 
 closely identified 
 with a number of 
 business projects, 
 helping in many 
 
 ways to further the interest of corporations, individuals 
 and the public generally, and in no small measure is 
 due to him a large share of the present growth and 
 prosperity of the city. hx. the present time Mr. Wal- 
 lace is president of the Fitchburg Gas Company, a 
 director of the Putnam Machine Company, a director 
 of the Fitchburg National Bank, a director of the 
 Fitchburg Mutual Fire Insurance Company, a trustee of 
 the Fitchburg Savings Bank, a director of the Fitchburg 
 
 RODNEY WALLACE 
 
 Railroad, a director of the Parkhill Manufacturing 
 Company, and is also interested in many other enter- 
 prises of value to the city. No man in the city is more 
 esteemed, honored or respected than Mr. Wallace, he 
 being considered on all sides as a public benefactor. 
 In every case where the honor, moral or material inter- 
 ests of the city and its people are concerned, none is 
 more active than he, and to his counsel, aid and judg- 
 ment the city is deeply indebted. His beautiful gift 
 
 to the city of a pub- 
 lic library and art 
 building, costing 
 over eighty-four 
 thousand dollars, 
 is only one of the 
 evidences of his gen- 
 erosity and public- 
 s])irited nature. .Al- 
 though Mr. \\'allace 
 has held many offices 
 of public trust, he 
 has never been re- 
 garded as an office 
 seeker, and it was 
 only after repeated 
 requests that he al- 
 lowed the use of his 
 name. He was a 
 selectman w hen 
 Fitchburg was a 
 town ; was a rejjre- 
 sentative to the lower 
 branch of the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature 
 in 1 873, and declined 
 a re-election, much to 
 the disappointment 
 of his fellow-citizens ; 
 he served three years 
 on the Governor's 
 Council and was member of the National House of 
 Representatives in the session of 1889-90, being 
 elected by an exceedingly flattering vote. Although he 
 could have been returned the following session without 
 a semblance of an effort, he declined a re-nomination. 
 His benevolence has endeared him to the hearts of his 
 fellow-citizens, who respect him for his integrity no less 
 than they admire the marvellous success of his career 
 as a public-spirited citizen. 
 
412 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ARTHUR H. LOWE, president of the Board of Trade, 
 the reputation of which extends to nearly every 
 State in the Union, is a typical Fitchburger, although 
 born in the neighboring State of New Hampshire. He 
 is a descendant of a family that made Ispwich, Mass., 
 their home in colonial times. He was born in 1853, 
 and is one of seventeen children, who at this time 
 are all li\ing, and went to Fitchburg when a mere child. 
 His education was received in the public schools, and 
 his first employer was 
 his father, who then 
 carried on a whole- 
 sale meat and prod- 
 uce business. In 
 1879, Mr. Lowe, in 
 conjunction with 
 John Parkhill and 
 Thomas R. B. Dole, 
 started the Parkhill 
 ^fanufacturing Com- 
 pany with thirty 
 looms. To a con- 
 siderable degree the 
 success of this now 
 vast plant is due to 
 him, and the little 
 mill of thirty looms 
 has grown to be the 
 third largest of its 
 kind in the country, 
 employing about 
 ele^■en hundred 
 hands, running about 
 two thousand looms 
 and paying out di- 
 rectly and indirectly 
 to employees more 
 than ten thousand 
 dollars a week. At 
 various times during 
 
 the past ten years the plant has been enlarged to meet 
 the ever-increasing demand for the firm's goods, and the 
 company now occupies over six acres of floor space. 
 Mr. Lowe fills the position of treasurer and manager, 
 having been elected in 1883. In 1885 he organized 
 the Cleghorn Mills Company, and the building of the 
 Cleghorn Mill has been the chief cause of the growth 
 of the section of the city, which during the past six 
 years has sprung up as if by the aid of a magician's 
 
 ARTHUR H. LOWE 
 
 wand. Six years ago scarcely a house covered the 
 ground now known as the Daniels District ; to-day there 
 are over two hundred houses, a church, large school- 
 house, three large factories and two more under course 
 of erection. Another ornament to the same section of 
 the city is the Onwell Mills, an industry which is in a con- 
 siderable measure due tojiis efforts and enterprise. The 
 Mitchell Mills, another prosperous and rapidly increasing 
 concern, is largely owing to his interest and foresight. 
 
 Chief among the 
 industrial ornaments 
 of the southern part 
 of the city are the 
 large and handsome 
 car shops of the 
 Fitchburg Railroad. 
 These works were 
 secured for this city 
 in I 8 8 S, although 
 several other places 
 were making strenu- 
 ous efforts to get the 
 valuable prize for 
 themselves. It is 
 acknowledged on all 
 sides that solely ow- 
 ing to the admirable 
 work o f Mr. Lowe 
 and Hon. Rodney 
 Wallace this valuable 
 acquisition to the 
 city's commercial 
 and business life is 
 due. Mr. Lowe's 
 public spirit and 
 pride in his home 
 are seen by the fact 
 that he gave his time 
 gratis and one hun- 
 dred and ten acres 
 of his and his brother's land for what they paid for it ten 
 years previously, when it was cheap. He also purchased 
 fifty acres more from a score of owners and turned it 
 over to the railroad company without a dollar of reward. 
 Mr. Lowe is a director in the Street Railway Company, 
 and in the Fitchburg National Bank, and a trustee in the 
 Fitchburg Savings Bank. He is also interested finan- 
 cially in the Gas Company, the Fitchburg Steam Engine 
 Company and the Grant Yarn Company. 
 
FITCH BURG. 
 
 413 
 
 FITCHBURG has the distinction of possessing the 
 only mill of its kind in the world. This is a mill 
 started in 1886 for the purpose of manufacturing by a 
 new and most ingenious process bicycle balls, screws, 
 pedal pins, axles, and many other articles which require 
 to be absolutely perfect to be of use. These articles 
 are manufactured by a rolling process, the invention of 
 George F. Simonds, the articles being moulded into 
 various forms, while rotating on their axles between 
 surfaces moving in 
 opposite directions. 
 The first use made 
 of the machinery 
 was the manufacture 
 o f spheres, ar m o r- 
 piercing projectiles 
 
 and axles. At the " 
 
 same time the ma- 
 chinery was being 
 perfected by expen- 
 sive experiments 
 which threatened to 
 exhaust the firm's re- 
 sources. During the 
 first few years of its 
 existence, the strug- 
 gle was hard and it is 
 only within a compar- 
 atively short period 
 that it has reached a 
 paying basis. The 
 present general man- 
 ager of this enterprise 
 is George W. Wey- 
 mouth, and to his 
 able management 
 during the past two 
 years is due a great 
 portion of the suc- 
 cess of the under- 
 taking. Mr. Weymouth is a native of West Amesbury, 
 now Merrimac, and first went to Fitchburg in 1882. 
 Having learned the carriage-making business, he natu- 
 rally fell into the same line and opened a carriage repos- 
 itory at No. 457 Main Street. He soon began to be 
 recognized as a young man of more than average 
 ability, and his fellow-citizens were not long in calling 
 upon him to take a hand in public affairs. He was 
 elected to the Common Council, and at the expiration of 
 
 GEORGE W. WEYMOUTH 
 
 his term was singled out for a place in the aldermanic 
 chamber, which he, however, refused. His interest in 
 the prosperity and development of his adopted city was 
 not abating, however, and in 1890, when the Board of 
 Trade was revived, Mr. Weymouth became one of its 
 most active and enthusiastic workers. Shortly after, 
 Mr. Weymouth, Hon. Rodney Wallace and D. M. 
 Dillon, with the co-operation of E. M. Dickinson, sur- 
 prised the whole State by inducing the Iver Johnson 
 
 Company of Wor- 
 cester to abandon 
 their cramped quar- 
 ters in that city and 
 remove to Fitch- 
 burg. The move was 
 pronounced one of 
 the most surprising 
 and most skilfully 
 managed of recent 
 years, and resulted 
 in F'itchburg re- 
 ceiving an advertise- 
 m e n t t h r o u g h ou t 
 New England that 
 has brought several 
 other important in- 
 dustries within her 
 gates, every one of 
 which is doinga 
 prosperous and in- 
 creasing business. 
 In less than ten years 
 from coming to 
 Fitchburg an entire 
 stranger, Mr. Wey- 
 mouth has become a 
 director in the Fitch- 
 burg National Bank, 
 general manager of 
 the now successful 
 Simonds Rolling Mill Company, a director in the Wor- 
 cester Society, of the .-Etna Life Insurance Company, 
 the Board of Trade, and a member of the Board of 
 Trustees of the Fitchburg Savings Bank. He was also 
 one of the promoters of the Fitchburg & Leominster 
 Street Railway and is a director of the corporation. 
 Mr. Weymouth is also a stockholder in the Wachusett 
 National Bank and the Fitchburg Gas Company. He 
 is recognized as a successful business man. 
 
414 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 DAVID M. DILLON is a native of St. John, N. 
 B., and has lived in the United States since 1859. 
 He learned the boiler-making trade in his native city, 
 and has been in that business all his life. Mr. Dillon 
 made Fitchburg his home in 1870, moving there from 
 Worcester, where he had been carrying on the boiler- 
 making business about five years. In 1863 he entered 
 the United States service, and for a year, during the 
 war, was engaged repairing government transports at 
 Port Royal. Mr. 
 Dillon was the first 
 man to succeed in 
 making boilers of 
 steel, which he ac- 
 complished in 1874, 
 although the idea was 
 scorned b y makers 
 generally. The r e - 
 suit was that those 
 who had scoffed at 
 and ridiculed his idea 
 as impracticable 
 found themselves 
 compelled to follow 
 his lead in order to 
 ]) r o t e c t themselves 
 and their trade. At 
 the present time Mr. 
 Dillon's works turn 
 out boilers which find 
 a market in every 
 State in the Union, 
 and are also exported 
 to Mexico and South 
 America. He w a s 
 the first man to ship 
 American boilers to 
 Japan. Through his 
 interest many orders 
 have come to Fitch- 
 burg and other cities. The increase of his business has 
 necessitated the employment of more men each year, and 
 several years ago he had to move into quarters specially 
 prepared for his use. While conducting a large and 
 exacting business, Mr. Dillon has ever been alert to the 
 public needs of his adopted home. Reluctantly he 
 obeyed a call to take part in the deliberations of the 
 city fathers, and almost in defiance of his will he was 
 twice elected on the aldermanic board. His course in 
 
 that body was marked by its strict integrity, rigid ad- 
 herence to law and conscientious and eminently able 
 administration of aldermanic functions. His liberal yet 
 strictly business-like course in every public matter made 
 him one of the most popular aldermen the city ever 
 had, and earned for him the respect and admiration of 
 all, opponents included. As a prime mover and ener- 
 getic worker in the Board of Trade, his work will never 
 be forgotten. The numerous valuable business acquisi- 
 
 tions and various 
 moves of a progres- 
 sive character, inau- 
 gurated during the 
 past two years, have 
 found in him an ad- 
 herent strong and 
 efficient. His judg- 
 ment and advice are 
 sought by all his as- 
 sociates in that body, 
 and his determina- 
 tion and devotion to 
 every project having 
 any prospect of rev- 
 enue for the public 
 finds him foremost 
 in the ranks. To 
 him in a very consid- 
 erable amount is due 
 the praise of adding 
 to the city's indus- 
 tries the Iver John- 
 son Works, formerly 
 o f Worcester. Mr. 
 Dillon is a strong ad- 
 vocate of co-opera- 
 t i V e banks, which 
 have been a source 
 of great advantage to 
 the masses of the 
 people in building and acquiring homes of their own. 
 His plain and outspoken expressions of opinion stamp 
 him as a man of much force of character and deter- 
 mination of will. Mr. Dillon is a stockholder in all the 
 recent new enterprises started in Fitchburg. His ])er- 
 sistence in the face of apparently insurmountable 
 obstacles, until he was enabled to give to the world the 
 steel boiler, stanqis him as a man of a strong mind, 
 scientific in cast. 
 
 DAVID L. DILLON 
 
FITCHBURG. 
 
 415 
 
 CHARLES C. STRATTON, of the Sentinel Printing 
 Company, Fitchburg, is a son of the late Thomas 
 Stratton, a leading farmer and citizen of Fairlee, Vt., 
 who represented his native town in the State Legislature 
 and held other positions of trust. Charles C. Stratton's 
 early education was obtained at the district school of 
 Fairlee, supplemented by a course at the academy at 
 Thetford Hill. He remained at home until the fall of 
 1846, when he went to Haverhill, N. H., and entered 
 the ofifice of the 
 Demoi-yatic R cp u b - 
 lican, which was then 
 published by the late 
 Hon. John R. Re- 
 ding. After com- 
 pleting his regular 
 apprenticeship at the 
 printer's trade, he 
 gave up his situation 
 in Haverhill to accept 
 one in Newbury, \"t., 
 .1 n d w or k e d f o r a 
 time in the office of 
 the Aurora of the 
 Valley. Then he 
 went to Boston and 
 found employment 
 in the Franklin 
 Printing House, 
 going from there to 
 New York, where he 
 worked in the ofifice 
 of the Methodist 
 Book Concern. \\\ 
 September, 1854, he 
 went to Fitchburg, 
 and ever since then 
 has been connected 
 with the Se 11 1 i iic I 
 office, with the ex- 
 ception of a few months, when he was with the Second 
 Massachusetts Cavalry, and in the Christian Commission 
 at City Point, Va. In March, 1867, he purchased a half 
 interest in the office, and a few years later he recognized 
 and urged the importance of publishing a daily paper 
 in Fitchburg. With this object in view the partnership 
 with John E. Kellogg was formed in the spring of 1873, 
 and the first number of the Daily Sentinel was issued on 
 the 6th of the following May. Results prove that the 
 
 time had come for such a \enture. The IVeekly Sentinel 
 in 1838 was four pages, 19 x 36, and in 1839 was 
 enlarged to 20 x 38; in 1845, it was again enlarged to 
 24 X 34 ; in 1853, to twenty-eight columns, later to thirty- 
 two columns, and in 1890 was changed from a blanket 
 sheet of thirty-six columns to an eight-page sheet of 
 forty-eight columns. The Daily Sentinel was started 
 May 6, 1873, as a four-page sheet, 21 x 30 ; in October, 
 1881, it was enlarged to 23 x 35 ; in September, 1885, 
 
 to 25 X 39 ; in Oc- 
 tober, 1886, to 
 27 X 44, in July, 
 1890, to eight pages, 
 double its size at the 
 start ; and in Decem- 
 ber, 1892, to an 
 eight-page paper of 
 seven columns each, 
 printed on a perfect- 
 ing press. The Sen- 
 tinel has proved an 
 important factor in 
 the development of 
 Fitchburg, and was 
 never more prosper- 
 ous than at the pres- 
 ent time. The office 
 is in one of the finest 
 buildings in the city, 
 and possesses excel- 
 lent f ac ilities for 
 printing of all kinds. 
 Mr. J. E. Kellogg is 
 associated with Mr. 
 Stratton in business, 
 and together they 
 have made the Sen- 
 tinel one of the vig- 
 orous and influential 
 papers of Central 
 Massachusetts. They have been firm believers in the 
 great possibilities of Fitchburg as a manufacturing 
 centre, and have lent the weight of the Sentinel's influ- 
 ence and large circulation to every movement that has 
 had for its object the development of Fitchburg's 
 resources. Hence the Sentinel, both daily and weekly, 
 has grown with the growth and prospered with the pros- 
 perity of the thriving inland city, with whose interests 
 it is thoroughly identified. 
 
 CHARLES C. STRATTON 
 
M 
 
 ALDEN in 1629 was a wilderness. Ralph Sprague and his brethren, who had recently landed at Salem, 
 
 were the early pioneers. Its inhabitants were a remnant of the once powerful tribe of the Patuckets. In 
 1634 an allotment of land in parcels of five acres was made to new-comers, whose village belonged to Charlestown. 
 In 1636 a commission set up boundaries, a part of which are still recognized. Settlers increased, and in 1640 
 a dam was built and a mill established. John Greenland took up his residence there, and Joseph Hills, who was a 
 landholder in 1638, and his son-in-law, John Wayte, were leading men. In 1643 came William Sargeant, a 
 " haberdasher" and a preacher, and for two hundred years his descendants possessed his lands. Settlers increased 
 and pushed their way northward up the valley between Mount Prospect and the western hills. In 1640 the penny 
 ferry was established across the Mystic River to Charlestown, and in 1653 a "new way" was laid out, and its wind- 
 ings from Chelsea line to the Reading ponds may still be traced. 
 
 The town was incorporated in 1649. The first legislator was Joseph Hills, who had been speaker of the 
 House of Deputies, and who had revised the Massachusetts laws. Mr. Hills came from Maiden, in Essex, Eng- 
 land, and it is supposed that in compliment to him the town received its new name. For more than one hundred 
 years, however, it has been spelled Maiden. Joseph Hills was chosen its first deputy, and John Wayte was the first 
 town clerk. Thomas Squire, ^Villiam Brackenbury, John Upham, John ^Vayte and Thomas Caule were the first 
 selectmen. Here began, for the inhabitants of Maiden, the form of local self-government initiated in 1633 by the 
 inhabitants of Charlestown, the parent town of the colony. 
 
 In 167 1 the first public school was maintained at the charge of the town, and the town then embraced the 
 new city of Everett and the town of Melrose. Maiden shared in the gloom and insanity which spread the charge 
 of witchcraft against some of its inhabitants, and there was much strife in the churches. It also shared in the 
 sacrifices of the Revolutionary War. Slavery had existed in Maiden in a patriarchal form. 
 
 In 17S7 the bridge over the Mystic River was formally opened. In 1837 the population had increased to 
 2,300, and manufacturing was carried on to the extent of 8350,000 per annum. At that time lines of omnibuses 
 connected the town with Boston until 1845, when the Boston & Maine Railroad was opened up. In 1S50 the 
 population was 3,520, not including 1,260 souls who were set off the previous year with the town of Melrose. 
 
 The opening of the railroad and the cheapness of land gave birth to various enterprises, which were more 
 or less successful. A tract of land on the west bank of the river and a tract of land on the highlands were laid out 
 for building and business purposes, and great inducements were offered to purchasers. On a portion of this prop- 
 erty has grown up the district of Edgeworth, where are now located the extensive factories of the Boston Rubber 
 Shoe Company, Webster & Co.'s tanneries, and Vaughn's box factory. The products of these industries amount 
 to more than S3, 000,000 per year. The honor of Maiden was upheld in the late Rebellion, the town sending six 
 hundred men, who bore their part manfully in that terrible struggle for the maintenance of right. In 1877 a 
 portion of Medford, comprising about two hundred acres of land with one hundred inhabitants, was annexed to 
 Maiden. Its greatest length from east to west is about three miles, and its average width about one and one-half 
 miles. Maiden has several lines of horse and electric railways and two steam railroads, with upwards of one 
 hundred and fifty trains to and from Boston daily. 
 
 In 1861 the population was 5,865, and the valuation was $3,365,101. In 1870 Everett was set off, leaving 
 Maiden with 7,370 inhabitants and a valuation of 84,999,272. At the present time the valuation is nearly $20,- 
 000,000 and the population is over 30,000. 
 
 Maiden has some of the finest schools and churches in New England, and it has a public library second to 
 none in the State, which was the gift of Hon. Elisha S. Converse. A public hospital has also recently been built, 
 and Mr. Converse generously gave the city the land and S20,ooo for this project. Maiden is a thriving and grow- 
 ing city, and will soon have a population of 50,000. 
 
M.ILDEN. 
 
 4'7 
 
 JAMES PIERCE, the mayor of Maiden in 1892, was 
 born in Medford, Jan. 20, 1837. In April of that 
 year, when he was less than three months old, his parents 
 moved to Woburn, where his boyhood was spent. At the 
 age of sixteen he left home and went to Lowell to learn 
 the retail dry goods business. On March i, 1858, he 
 left Lowell and came to Boston, where he became sales- 
 man in a dry goods store on Tremont Row. At this 
 time he took up his residence in Maiden, and has re- 
 sided there ever 
 since. In 1861 he 
 went into the retail 
 dry goods business, 
 having at one time 
 three stores in Bos- 
 ton, one in Lowell 
 and one in Maiden. 
 In 187 1 he sold out 
 his dry goods busi- 
 ness, and engaged in 
 the manufacture o f 
 buff leather, and has 
 continued in that 
 business ever since, 
 having at the present 
 time one of the best 
 tannery plants in the 
 country, which he 
 had built at Olean, 
 N. Y. His Boston 
 ofifice is at No. 143 
 Summer Street, cor- 
 ner of South Street. 
 Mr. Pierce has been 
 highly respected by 
 his fellow-citizens of 
 Maiden, both under 
 a town and city gov- 
 ernment. Under the 
 town government he 
 
 served on the Board of Selectmen, and was one of the 
 road commissioners for five years. In 1876 he was 
 elected one of the sinking-fund commissioners, which 
 ofifice he holds up to the present time. His fellow- 
 citizens honored him in 1866 by sending him to the 
 Legislature, and by re-electing him the following year. 
 He was again elected to the Legislature in 1875. In 
 1870 and 1871 he was one of the senators from Middle- 
 sex County, and he served on important committees. 
 
 JAMES PIERCE. 
 
 He was afterwards appointed one of the inspectors of 
 the State Prison for four years and nine months. Lender 
 the city form of government he was a councilman from 
 Ward Five for the first nine years. He was the first 
 president of the council, and of his nine years of ser- 
 vice in that body he was president seven years. As 
 president of the council he was zealously watchful of the 
 finances of the city, and no man in Maiden was so well 
 posted on the finances of the city as Mr. Pierce, and 
 
 the solid financia 1 
 standing of the city 
 at the present time 
 is due in no small 
 measure to his skill 
 as a financier in the 
 expenditures as well 
 as in the making of 
 appropriations. H e 
 is one of the direc- 
 tors o f the Boston 
 Belting Company, 
 and a director of the 
 Freeman's National 
 Bank of Boston, the 
 National Bank of 
 Boston, and of the 
 First National Bank 
 of Maiden. For 
 many years he has 
 been connected with 
 the Maiden Savings 
 Band as trustee and 
 V i c e-president, and 
 since 1887 has been 
 i t s president. He 
 has been a member 
 of the Standing Com- 
 mittee of the Baptist 
 Church Society for 
 several years, serving 
 often as its chairman. At the present time he is chair- 
 man of the Middlesex Republican Committee, and of 
 the Sixth Middlesex District Senatorial Committee. 
 ]Mr. Pierce is well known all over the Commonwealth as 
 an honorable citizen and a man of the strictest integ- 
 rity. The numerous positions of public trust that he 
 has held, and his high standing in the manufacturing 
 and financial circles of the Commonwealth, are striking 
 evidences of his ability. 
 
4i8 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 HENRY WINN, who has just been elected mayor 
 of the city of Maiden at the age of fifty-four, was 
 born in Whitingham, Vt., and was graduated at Yale in 
 1859. He studied law in the Harvard Law School and 
 in the office of Attorney-General Foster, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar at the age of twenty-two. The next 
 year he was assistant to the attorney -general, in whose 
 absence he had entire charge of the business of the 
 office, and the heads of the departments at the State 
 House wrote to 
 CharlesSumner: 
 "His judgment and 
 ability have been re- 
 lied upon in the de- 
 cision of such legal 
 questions as have 
 arisen in any of the 
 departments." Gov- 
 ernor Andrew wrote : 
 " He has extremely 
 well performed the 
 duties of his office. 
 At twenty-three he 
 was made clerk of 
 the Committee on 
 Foreign Relations of 
 the United States 
 Senate, and as such 
 drafted bills passed 
 by Congress." Mr. 
 Sumner wrote of him, 
 that he had per- 
 formed his work ably 
 and satisfacto- 
 rily, and commended 
 him to the regards of 
 good men, and said ; 
 " I add my con\ic- 
 tion that he will suc- 
 ceed because he de- 
 serves to succeed." W'liile with the attorney-general he 
 originated, at the request of a legislative committee, a 
 new method of taxing savings banks, which was adopted 
 and became the foundation of the present system of 
 taxing corporations in Massachusetts. Mr. Winn left 
 his office with a letter of the adjutant-general to raise a 
 regiment in Western Massachusetts. This regiment be- 
 came the Fifty-second Massachusetts Volunteers, and 
 he served as major. When under fire at Port Hudson 
 
 HENRY WINN. 
 
 his gallantry was conspicuous, and he was recommended 
 for promotion by the generals of his brigade and divi- 
 sion. After his service he did not resume his profession 
 at once, but entered business, as he said, to make some 
 money first and then practise. He succeeded, but lost 
 it, while living in New York, through the wreck of a 
 steamship he owned in the Caribbean. After returning 
 to Massachusetts he served in the lower branch of the 
 Legislature in 1877, receiving every vote but eight in 
 
 his district. The next 
 year he was elected 
 to the State Senate, 
 receiving the largest 
 majority ever given 
 a candidate for the 
 office in the Frank- 
 lin County District. 
 While in the Senate 
 he was chairman of 
 every committee on 
 which he served, and 
 the bills drafted or 
 reported by him in 
 one of the sessions 
 amounted to more 
 than one seventh of 
 the whole volume of 
 laws. In 1887 he 
 left Franklin County 
 to practise his pro- 
 fession in Boston, 
 making his home in 
 Maiden in 1 889. Dis- 
 gusted with the use 
 of money by public 
 men to secure place, 
 and the opposition 
 of his party to his 
 and other proposals, 
 he has recently joined 
 the People's party, with the hope of starting a reform 
 party on economic lines, and was the candidate for gov- 
 ernor in the campaign of 1892. His opinions on the 
 subject of taxation carry great weight, and have been 
 adopted in various laws of this and other States. Mr. 
 Winn is noted as a profound and original thinker, and 
 when aroused is a powerful jjublic speaker. He has 
 amply fulfilled the prediction made concerning him 
 many years ago by Charles Sumner. 
 
MALDEN. 
 
 419 
 
 ELISHA SLADE CONVERSE, the third son of Elisha 
 and Betsey (Wheaton) Converse, was born in 
 Needham, Mass., July 28, 1820. When he was four 
 years of age his parents removed to Woodstock, Conn. 
 Spending his childhood there, under the wholesome 
 restraint and kindly influences of New England rural 
 life, he was trained in habits of industry and integrity, 
 and in the essentials of an English education. In his 
 thirteenth year he was sent to Boston, that he might 
 have the advantage of 
 its superior schools. 
 He remained there 
 until sixteen years of 
 age when he returned 
 home. During the 
 next three years he 
 learned the trade of a 
 clothier, and when 
 nineteen years old he 
 engaged in that busi- 
 n e s s on his own 
 account in the village 
 of Thompson, Conn., 
 continuing there five 
 years. In 1844 he 
 again went to Boston, 
 where he made a 
 change to the whole- 
 sale shoe and leather 
 trade. The business 
 was new to him, but 
 he soon familiarized 
 himself with all its 
 details, and during 
 his connection with 
 it the reputation and 
 success of the firm 
 became well e s- 
 tablished. In 1847 
 he removed his place 
 
 of residence to Stoneham, Mass., and in 1849 to Maiden, 
 where he has ever since resided. In 1853 he accepted 
 the office of treasurer of the Maiden Manufacturing 
 Company. Early in 1855 this company's corporate 
 name was changed to that of the Boston Rubber Shoe 
 Company, when, by the earnest solicitation of the 
 directors, he was induced to relinquish his previous 
 business, and, in addition to the office of treasurer, to 
 assume that of buying and selling agent. These olifices 
 
 ELISHA S. CONVERSE 
 
 he has held to the present time, and the direction and 
 control of all operations, both of the factories and stores 
 of this immense concern, have been unreservedly in- 
 trusted to his care. Mr. Converse is also actively in- 
 terested in very many other enterprises, which have the 
 benefit of his business sagacity and experience. He is 
 president of the First National Bank of Maiden, of the 
 Rubber Manufacturers' Mutual Insurance Company, of 
 the Maiden Hospital and of the Standard Stave and 
 
 Cooperage Company, 
 director of the Ex- 
 change National 
 Bank of Boston, trus- 
 tee of the Five Cent 
 Savings Bank, of the 
 Maiden Public L i- , 
 brary, of the Soldiers' 
 Home, and a mem- 
 ber of the Board of 
 Trustees of Wellesley 
 College. He has 
 served the Common- 
 wealth two years 
 (1878-79) in the 
 House of Repre- 
 sentatives and two 
 years (1880-81) 
 in the Senate. In 
 1882, when Maiden 
 had been incor- 
 porated as a city, he 
 was, by universal 
 acclaim, awarded the 
 honor of serving as 
 its first mayor. His 
 administration gav e 
 general satisfaction 
 to the citizens, re- 
 gardless of party. 
 M r. Converse i s a 
 successful business man, active in thought, untiring in 
 work and conservative in method. He was, on the 4th 
 of September, 1845, married to Mary D. Edmunds, 
 daughter of Captain Hosea and Ursula Edmunds, of 
 Thompson. Their children are : Frank Eugene (de- 
 ceased), Mary Ida (wife of Costello C. Converse), 
 Harry Elisha and Frances Eugenia. The church con- 
 nections of Mr. Converse are with the First Baptist 
 Society of Maiden, 
 
420 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JOSEPH FURNAI.D WIGGIN, son of Joshua and 
 Dorothy (Furnald) Wiggin, has served four years 
 as mayor of Maiden. He was born in Exeter, Rock- 
 ingham County, N. H., March 30, 1838. His element- 
 ary education was received in the common schools of 
 Exeter. He then spent three years in Phillips Exeter 
 Academy and fitted there to enter college one year in 
 advance of the regular course. Instead of going to college 
 he entered the Harvard Law School and remained there 
 one year. He then 
 studied law in the 
 office of Hon. Wil- 
 liam W. Stickney, of 
 Exeter, N. H., and 
 was admitted to the 
 bar in Rockingham 
 County, N. H., in 
 1862. He practised 
 law in Epping, N. H., 
 one year, when he 
 removed to Exeter, 
 and practised there 
 until iSSo. He then 
 moved to Maiden, 
 where he now resides. 
 He is at the head of 
 the law firm of Wig- 
 gin & Fernald, with 
 an office on State 
 Street, Boston. He 
 was married in Mil- 
 ton, July 6, 1868, 
 to Ruth Hurd, 
 daughter of Thomas 
 and Deborah C. 
 (Allen) Hollis. Of 
 this union were ten 
 children, of whom 
 nine are now living : 
 Ruth H., Joseph, 
 
 Thomas H., Deljorah K., Walter, Margaret E., Harry, 
 J. Hollis and Helen Wiggin. From 1871 to 1876 Mr. 
 Wiggin was judge of probate for Rockingham County, 
 and in 1877 he was appointed one of the commissioners 
 to compile and revise the public statutes of the State of 
 New Hampshire. Soon after coming to Maiden, Judge 
 Wiggin began to take an active interest in the welfare 
 and progress of the city, and although he sought no pub- 
 lic or political office, his services were soon in demand, 
 
 JOSEPH F. WIGGIN. 
 
 and in 1885 he was elected a member of the School 
 Board. As member of this board he took a most active 
 interest in, and exerted a strong influence upon, the edu- 
 cational affairs of the city. He was re-elected to the 
 School Board the following year and in 1887 was chair- 
 man of the board. While holding this important posi- 
 tion he was nominated at the Citizens' Convention for 
 the highest office in the gift of the city, and he was 
 elected mayor by an almost unanimous vote. As mayor 
 
 of the city he man- 
 aged its affairs with 
 such prudence as to 
 win the respect and 
 confidence of all 
 classes of the city, 
 and more especially 
 of the taxpayers, be- 
 cause of his financial 
 ability and his con- 
 servatism in the ex- 
 ^_.^,- penditure of the ap- 
 
 ■^ If propriations. H i s 
 
 m administration was 
 
 Jf warmly endorsed 
 
 ^ by the leading citi- 
 
 zens, and he was re- 
 nominated and re- 
 elected the three 
 following years with- 
 out opposition, mak- 
 ing four years that 
 he served the city as 
 chief magistrate, 
 which is two terms 
 more than any of the 
 previous mayors had 
 served. Under his 
 prudent administra- 
 tion the city has in- 
 creased ra])idly in 
 population and wealth, the population having increased 
 from eighteen thousand to nearly thirty thousand. 
 Judge Wiggin, soon after retiring from the office of 
 mayor was elected city solicitor, and the city is still 
 enjoying the benefit of his valuable experience and 
 conservative judgment. There is not a more popular 
 man in Maiden than he, and his services are always at 
 the disposal of his fellow-citizens in connection with 
 any movement that affects the interests of the city. 
 
MAIDEN. 
 
 421 
 
 M 
 
 ARCELLUS COGGAN, son of Leonard C. and 
 Betsey M. Coggan, was born in Bristol, Lincoln 
 County, Me., in 1847. He followed the sea at an early 
 age, attending a district school during the winter terms. 
 When sufficiently advanced he became a student in 
 Lincoln Academy, New Castle, Me., where, by teaching 
 in the winter and going to sea in the summer, he was 
 enabled to prepare himself for entering Bowdoin Col- 
 lege, where he was graduated with honor in 1872. He 
 distinguished himself 
 as a student, and 
 graduated as class 
 orator. The same 
 energy and persever- 
 ance which enabled 
 him, in spite of diffi- 
 culties, to procure a 
 collegiate education, 
 have characterized all 
 hissubsequentcareer. 
 After graduation he 
 filled the position of 
 principal of Nichols 
 Academy, Dudley, 
 Mass., and at the 
 same time served as 
 a member of the 
 School Board for 
 three years in that 
 town. He studied 
 law in the office of 
 Child & Powers, Bos- 
 ton, was admitted to 
 the Suffolk bar in 
 1 88 1, and entered 
 upon the practice of 
 law in the office of 
 the firm with whom 
 he had studied, re- 
 maining with them 
 
 until 1886, when he formed a partnership with William 
 Schofield, under the name of Coggan & Schofield. 
 Prosperity attended the new firm, and Mr. Coggan 
 built up a lucrative practice, which has steadily increased 
 from year to year. Mr. Coggan became a resident of 
 Maiden in 1879, and at once took an active part in the 
 local benevolent and social organizations of the city. 
 For four years he was a member of the School Com- 
 mittee, one year acting as chairman. In 1884 he was 
 
 an independent candidate for mayor of Maiden, and 
 was defeated only by a small majority. The following 
 year, however, he was elected mayor of that city on an 
 independent ticket, and his official career was indorsed 
 by a unanimous re-election the following year. He was 
 held in high esteem as mayor of the city, and his official 
 acts were independent of partisanship, his sole aim 
 being to give the city a clean and efficient administra- 
 tion which should be and was beneficial to all the citi- 
 
 z e n s of Mai d e n . 
 Since his retirement 
 from the office of 
 mayor, Mr. Coggan 
 has devoted himself 
 exclusively to his ex- 
 tensive law practice, 
 but he still takes an 
 active interest in mu- 
 nicipal affairs, in 1892 
 ably advocating the 
 election of the inde- 
 pendent ticket as 
 against the present 
 administration. Mr. 
 Coggan has won con- 
 siderable renown as 
 a lawyer in connec- 
 tion with the famous 
 Trefethen murder 
 case, in which Ex- 
 Governor Long is as- 
 sociated with him. 
 Trefethen was found 
 guilty of murder in 
 the first degree, al- 
 though his counsel 
 made an admirable 
 defence. Mr. Cog- 
 gan has been untiring 
 in his efforts to se- 
 cure a new trial, and has recently finally succeeded, and 
 the case will come up for trial again, when Mr. Coggan 
 will present new evidence going to show his client's 
 innocence. Mr. Coggan was married in 1S72 to Luella 
 B., daughter of C. C. Robins, of Bristol, Me. They 
 have three children, Sumner, Linus Child and Florence 
 Lambert Coggan. As an able advocate, and as a public- 
 spirited citizen, Mr. Coggan enjoys the esteem of the 
 community in which he lives. 
 
 MARCELLUS COGGAN 
 
42: 
 
 AfASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WILLIAM B. DE LAS CASAS is one of the 
 young men who have put new blood into the 
 Democratic party of Massachusetts. Both from his 
 father and his mother he inherits his jjatriotic interest 
 in public affairs. His father was exiled from Spain for 
 taking part in a revolution to secure constitutional 
 liberty in 1820, and his mother was descended from 
 one of the sons of the Earl of Essex. His paternal 
 grandfather was a brother of Judge Story's grandfather. 
 Mr. de las Casas was 
 born March 3, 1857, 
 in Maiden, in the 
 house in which he 
 still lives. He was 
 educated in the pub- 
 lic schools of Maiden 
 and at Harvard Col- 
 lege, from which he 
 graduated in 1879. 
 He taught mathe- 
 matics two years at 
 Trinity School, 
 Tivoli-on-the- Hud- 
 son, and then took a 
 course at the Har- 
 vard Law School, 
 graduating in 1884. 
 After one year in the 
 law office of R. D. 
 Smith, in Boston, he 
 opened his present 
 office at No. 40 
 Water Street. While 
 in the law school he 
 began to develop and 
 build up one of the 
 most beautiful por- 
 tions of Maiden in a 
 way which at once 
 won him a reputa- 
 tion for energy, taste and judgment. At the same time 
 he displayed deeji interest in civil service reform as 
 secretary of the Maiden Association, and soon after as 
 a member of the executive committee of the Massachu- 
 setts League and of the general committee of the 
 National League, which positions he still holds. Lentil 
 1884 he was a Republican, but in that year, as secre- 
 tary of the Maiden Republican and Independent Club, 
 and on the stump, he worked for Mr. Cleveland's elec- 
 
 WILLIAM B. DE LAS CASAS 
 
 tion. In i8go he was chairman of the executive com- 
 mittee of the Maiden Democratic City Committee, 
 which secured the election of a Democratic representa- 
 tive in the Legislature for the first time in eighteen 
 years. At the same time he was chairman of the Sixth 
 Congressional District Committee, which managed Dr. 
 William Everett's brilliant campaign against Hon. Henry 
 Cabot Lodge, and reduced the latter's plurality of 5,295, 
 in 1888, to 1,040, — less than a majority. The next year 
 
 he was nominated 
 for the Governor's 
 Council, and won 
 great praise for his 
 plucky though unsuc- 
 cessful campaign in 
 a strongly Repub- 
 lican district. He is 
 frequently a delegate 
 to Democratic con- 
 ventions, and in 
 many other ways is 
 at the front of Demo- 
 cratic party move- 
 ments. Mr. de las 
 Casas has occupied 
 many positions of 
 trust, and has given 
 largely of his time 
 to the public as 
 warden of St. Paul's 
 Episcopal Church, as 
 trustee and member 
 of the Building Com- 
 mittee of the Maiden 
 Hospital, and in 
 other ways. He is 
 also a member of 
 the Union Club in 
 Boston, the First 
 Corps of Cadets, the 
 Young Men's Democratic Club, the Reform Club, the 
 Executive Council of the ICpiscopalian Club of Massa- 
 chusetts, and of the New York Reform Club. In 1892 
 Governor Russell appointed him to the Metropolitan 
 Park Commission, charged with the important work of 
 reporting on the opportunity and means of preserving 
 for the i)eople o])en spaces of unusual natural beauty or 
 usefulness in the neighborhood of Boston. He has trav- 
 elled widely, and is very fond of Spanish literature. 
 
MALDEN. 
 
 423 
 
 HOLLIS RANDALL GRAY was born in the town 
 of Westbrook, Me. (now called Deering), Dec. 
 6, 1836. His father removing to Boston soon after, he 
 was educated in the public schools there. On leaving 
 school in 1853, he entered the employ of W. P. B. 
 Brooks, furniture dealer, Boston, where he remained 
 until 1 86 1. He then accepted a position as inspector 
 in the Boston Custom House. Inheriting an inclination 
 for public life, he early entered the arena of politics as 
 a stanch Republican. 
 At the age of twenty- 
 one he was elected 
 clerk of Ward Twelve , 
 Boston, in which 
 capacity he served 
 during the years 
 1858, 1859 and 
 i860. In the latter 
 year he was elected 
 amember of the 
 Common Council, 
 in which body he 
 served his ward and 
 the city vvith energy 
 and faithfulness, and 
 would have been re- 
 elected, but he de- 
 clined a re-nomina- 
 tion to accept an 
 appointment in the 
 Boston Custom 
 House. In 1867 
 Mr. Gray resigned 
 his position in the 
 Custom House to 
 establish himself in 
 the furniture busi- 
 ness, which he still 
 carries on at Nos. 
 38 and 40 Washing- 
 ton Street, Boston. He was again elected a member 
 of the Common Council of Boston, and served during 
 the years 1868, 1869 and 1870. He was a candidate 
 for alderman in 1870, and for the Legislature in 1876 
 and 1878. In 1870 he was elected a member of the 
 Water Board, and did valuable service in that capacity 
 for the city. He became a resident of Maiden in 1880, 
 and immediately identified himself with the interests of 
 the town. His experience in the Common Council of 
 
 Boston served him to good effect when he was elected 
 to the Common Council of Maiden from Ward Four, 
 in 1885. After serving in that body one year, his abil- 
 ity and deep interest in the welfare of the city were 
 recognized, and he was elected by a large majority to 
 represent Ward Four in the Board of Aldermen, and he 
 was re-elected the two following years. While alderman 
 he was a member of the commission on the increased 
 supply of water from Eaton's Wells, which source is 
 
 now supplying nearly 
 the entire city. Al- 
 though a strong Re- 
 publican in politics, 
 he has always worked 
 hard for the best in- 
 terests of the public 
 without regard to 
 party, and thereby 
 earned a reputation 
 for courage, fidelity 
 and independence. 
 Socially, Mr. Gray is 
 held in high esteejn, 
 and has hosts of 
 friends all over the 
 State. He 'is a 
 prominent Freema- 
 son, being a past 
 master of St. Paul's 
 Lodge of South Bos- 
 ton, where he took 
 his degrees in 1859. 
 He still retains his 
 membership in this 
 lodge. He is also a 
 member of the Royal 
 Arch Chapter of the 
 Tabernacle, and of 
 Beauseant Com- 
 mandery of Maiden. 
 Mr. Gray has been frequently mentioned as a good man 
 for mayor of Maiden, and his friends claim that if he 
 desires such an honor that he can have it within a few 
 years. Though the demands of his business are such as 
 to require nearly all his time and energies, Mr. Gray 
 nevertheless continues to take a deep interest in all the 
 municipal affairs of Maiden, and belongs to that class of 
 useful, public-spirited citizens who are the backbone of 
 the State. 
 
 HOLLIS R. GRAY. 
 
424 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 LORIN LOVEJOY FULLER, son of David C. and 
 Maria (Lovejoy) Fuller, was born in Readfield, 
 Me., Jan. 25, 1826; he obtained his early education in 
 the public schools of his native State. In the spring of 
 1839 he came to Boston, and in 1845 began business 
 on his own account as carpenter and builder. For 
 forty-five years he has been a builder in and around 
 Boston and to some extent a dealer in real estate. For 
 a number of years he resided in Melrose, Mass., which 
 town he represented 
 in the Legislature of 
 1859. In i860 he 
 moved to Maiden, 
 where he now re- 
 sides ; he served as 
 alderman during the 
 first year of the or- 
 ganization of the 
 Maiden city govern- 
 ment and was mayor 
 of the city in 1884 
 and 1885 and again 
 alderman in 1887. 
 His administrations 
 of the municipal 
 government were 
 thoroughly business- 
 like and able, and 
 added no little to 
 his popularity. He 
 was one of the first 
 members of the 
 Water Commis- 
 sioners and contin- 
 ued on the board for 
 ten years. He has 
 been a member of 
 the Industrial Aid 
 Society from its or- 
 ganization to the 
 
 present time and is also an active member of the 
 Maiden Improvement Association. At the time of the 
 separation of Everett from Maiden he was chairman of 
 the committee for the adjustment and dividing of the 
 township property, and his able and satisfactory negotia- 
 tions gained for him the respect and esteem of his 
 fellow-citizens. He was one of the starters and pro- 
 moters of the Masonic institutions at Melrose, and has 
 to the present time taken a continued and active inter- 
 
 LORIN L. FULLER 
 
 est in all that pertained to the order. He was one of 
 the charter members of Wyoming Lodge, Waverly 
 Royal Arch Chapter, Melrose Council and Hugh De 
 Payen Commandery, and was the first commander of the 
 above commandery. In politics he is a conservative 
 Democrat, always taking a deep interest in all that 
 pertained to the welfare and prosperity of the country, 
 but never acting the partisan, or being influenced by 
 any mere party considerations. During the war of the 
 
 Rebellion, Mr. Fuller 
 took an earnest and 
 active part in aiding 
 and providing for the 
 soldiers, and was 
 c h a ir m a n of the 
 committee to pro- 
 vide for and look 
 after Company K of 
 Maiden, and on the 
 departure of this 
 company for the 
 South he presented 
 the officers with side- 
 arms and revolvers. 
 Mr. Fuller was mar- 
 ried in Sebec, Me., 
 N o \- . 8 , I 8 5 2 , t o 
 Lucy P., daughter of 
 John J. and Lydia 
 Br o wn Lovejoy ; 
 they have four chil- 
 dren, — Henry L., 
 M. Louise, Everett 
 L. and L. Alma 
 Fuller, all now living. 
 Mrs. Fuller died 
 April ir, 1886. Mr. 
 1"' u 1 1 e r was again 
 married at Maiden, 
 June 26, 1 889, to Mrs. 
 Annie W. Hornsby, daughter of Thomas and Lydia 
 Stewart, of Hartland, Me. Mr. Fuller still takes an 
 active interest in the progress and welfare of the city, 
 and was chairman of the building committee of the 
 Maiden Hospital, and his knowledge and experience as 
 a builder were of great benefit to the city in this con- 
 nection. He is still hale and vigorous and may reason- 
 ably expect many years more of active usefulness in 
 public and private life. 
 
MAIDEN. 
 
 425 
 
 CLARENCE O. WALKER, chairman of the MaL 
 den Board of Aldermen, was born in I'ortsmouth, 
 N. H., Oct. 30, 1848, and was educated in the public 
 schools of that place. He became a resident of Maiden 
 in 1877, and since then he has taken a great interest in 
 the welfare and prosperity of the city. His substantial 
 home is in Ward Three, the wealthiest ward in the city, and 
 ever since his residence in Maiden he has been known 
 as an energetic man of business, honorable and upright 
 in all his dealings. 
 In the business and 
 political, as well as in 
 the social and relig- 
 ious life of Maiden, 
 Mr. Walker wields a 
 healthy influence, and 
 is very popular among 
 his wide circle of 
 friends and acquaint- 
 ances. His immense 
 business absorbed his 
 attention the first ten 
 years of his residence 
 in Maiden, so that he 
 had but little time to 
 devote to public 
 o ffi c e. In 18S9, 
 however, the citizens 
 of his ward elected 
 him to represent them 
 in the Common Coun- 
 cil. His faithful and 
 efficient service was 
 appreciated, and he 
 was re-elected the 
 following year. His 
 two years as council- 
 man gave him a valu- 
 able experience in 
 the affairs of the city. 
 
 The citizens of his ward wanted him to serve them in the 
 upper branch of the city government, and he was elected 
 alderman without opposition. He was again elected 
 alderman, and his fellow-members of the board, recog- 
 nizing his worth, elected him chairman, in which capac- 
 ity he always presides with dignity and ability. He is 
 chairman of five important committees of the city gov- 
 ernment. He is a member of the committees on Police, 
 Fuel, Fire Department, Printing and Accounts. Within 
 
 CLARENCE 0, WALKER 
 
 the past year Mr. Walker has been freciuently mentioned 
 as the right kind of a man for mayor, and the prominent 
 citizens of the city agree that he would make a first- 
 class mayor, as he has all the requisites for that 
 honorable position. His friends claim that within a 
 few years, at least, he can have the office if he wants it. 
 Mr. Walker is recognized in social life as a man of 
 worth. He is a past master of the Mt. Vernon Lodge, 
 Free and Accepted Masons, chaplain of the Tabernacle 
 
 Chapter, and is a 
 member of the Beau- 
 seant Commandery, 
 Knights T e m p 1 a r. 
 He is also an active 
 member of the Young 
 Men's Christian As- 
 sociation, and a 
 deacon in the First 
 Congregational 
 Church. He is prom- 
 inent in Odd Fellow- 
 ship, being one of 
 the leading members 
 of Middlesex Lodge. 
 Quiet and unostenta- 
 tious, he has won the 
 esteem of his fellow- 
 associates in the va- 
 rious organizations 
 with which he is con- 
 nected, and all re- 
 spect him as a man 
 of integrity and good 
 judgment. In relig- 
 ious circles he is also 
 held in high esteem, 
 and he has ever 
 shown a willingness 
 to promote or help 
 any worthy project. 
 Mr. Walker is a member of the firm of J. Albert Walker 
 & Co., wholesale coal dealers, with wharves in Boston 
 and Portsmouth, and business office at No. 70 Kilby 
 Street. He has a wife and three boys, and one of the 
 most comfortable homes in Maiden. Few men in Mai- 
 den are more familiar with all the details of municipal 
 government than Mr. Walker, and few have performed 
 more conscientious and painstaking service in the cause 
 of good city government. His popularity is well merited. 
 
426 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TU-PAY. 
 
 ALFRED E. cox is one of the best-known men in 
 Maiden, and there is probably no man in that 
 city who has lived there even a year who has not heard 
 of " Al " Cox, as he is familiarly called. This is owing 
 to the fact that Mr. Cox has been actively interested 
 in every project of a public nature in which the interests 
 of the city are involved. He was born in Maiden, 
 Aug. 31, 1848, his parents being Charles C. and Lucy 
 (Faulkner) Cox, both of whom are still living in Mai- 
 den. He was edu- 
 cated in the public 
 schools, and even as a 
 boy showed an active 
 interest in the affairs 
 of the town, being a 
 frequent attendant at 
 the lively town meet- 
 ings which were held 
 twenty-five years ago. 
 In 1870 he entered 
 the service of the 
 Atlantic Works, East 
 Boston, and for sev- 
 eral years past he 
 has been the treas- 
 urer of that extensive 
 establishment. H e 
 was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Board of 
 Selectmen in 1875, 
 and re-elected the 
 following year. He 
 has served on many 
 important town com- 
 mittees, including 
 the Committee on the 
 Revision of the Town 
 By-laws, the com- 
 mittees on C e m e - 
 teries and Fire-alarm 
 
 Telegraph. He was elected a member of the School 
 Board in 1880, to fill a vacancy caused by the resigna- 
 tion of a member, and at the next town election was 
 re-elected. For the year 1878 he served the town as 
 auditor. Mr. Cox took a great interest in the city ques- 
 tion, and was, in fact, the first citizen to make any 
 practical move toward securing a charter, and he was 
 the leader of the forces which secured a favorable vote 
 for the change in the form of government, and he was a 
 
 ALFRED E. COX 
 
 member of the committee which prepared the city 
 charter. Since the organization of the city government 
 he has taken an active interest in all the important 
 questions which have come before the City Council, and 
 was elected street commissioner in 1883, which office 
 he filled one year. In December, 1883, he was elected 
 alderman at large, and was re-elected by an almost 
 unanimous vote the following year. Mr. Cox is an 
 ardent Republican, and is a great political organizer. 
 
 In Maiden it has 
 been generally con- 
 ceded that the meas- 
 ures and men in 
 which "Al" Cox be- 
 came interested came 
 pretty near being 
 successful in most 
 instances. Every- 
 body gives him credit 
 for having done a 
 \ast amount of work 
 for the progress and 
 welfare of Maiden. 
 He is an able and 
 earnest debater, and 
 while serving as al- 
 derman he did some 
 effective work, es- 
 pecially as a member 
 of the Highway Com- 
 mittee and the Com- 
 mittee on Street 
 Lights. He has also 
 been president of the 
 C o m m o n Council, 
 and is now one of the 
 street commission- 
 ers, and the good 
 condition of Mai- 
 den's highways is in 
 no small measure due to his efforts. His friends claim 
 that he could have been mayor of Maiden at any time 
 within the past few years had he consented to allow his 
 name to be used. It is more than likely, however, that 
 he will consent to serve the city as mayor before many 
 years elapse. He is now spoken of as a probable suc- 
 cessor to Henry Cabot Lodge. Mr. Cox has a beautiful 
 home in Maiden, where he lives happily with his wife 
 and nine children, five girls and four boys. 
 
MALDEN. 
 
 427 
 
 EDWARD OTIS HOLMES, son of Rev. Otis 
 Holmes, was born in the old historic town of 
 Dorchester, Mass., Jan. 5, 1830, of an old family who 
 were early identified with its settlement. Both of his 
 grandfathers were engaged in throwing up the fortifica- 
 tions upon Dorchester Heights, the night before the 
 expected attack by the British. His only brother is 
 Rev. H. M. Holmes, a graduate of Amherst, residing 
 in Ayer, who is agent of the Christian Commission. 
 Mr. Holmes attended 
 school in Dorchester, 
 Mass., and at the 
 Franklin School, Bos- 
 ton, until he was ten 
 years of age, when 
 his parents moved to 
 Gilmanton, N. H. 
 
 where he attended ,. ^- 
 
 the academy. He 
 fitted for college at 
 Sandwich Academy, 
 N. H., but having a 
 decided mechanical 
 turn of mind, at the 
 age of twenty he 
 turned his attention 
 to mechanics, more 
 particularly to grind- 
 ing mills for cereals, 
 but finally to grind- 
 ing and disinte- 
 grating all kinds of 
 minerals, phosphates, 
 paints, spices, cocoas, 
 and in fact every 
 material which re- 
 quired pulverizing, 
 grinding or redu- 
 cing. After two years' 
 experience as work- 
 man and superintendent of a milling establishment in 
 Boston, he bought it out, and in 1861 started life anew 
 as a manufacturer, and he soon increased the business 
 to twice its former proportions. In 1863 John W. 
 Blanchard became associated with him, and this partner- 
 ship still exists. The business was increased and has, 
 until the present time, been one of the leading manu- 
 factories of paint and grain mills, shafting, gearing, etc., 
 in the country. Mr. Holmes has invented several useful 
 
 EDWARD 0. HOLMES 
 
 machines and devices, some of which are patented, and 
 he has a high standing as an engineer. Soon after 
 attaining his majority he became a resident of Maiden, 
 where he now resides, having seen the town increase in 
 population from four thousand (including Everett) to 
 more than forty thousand, and the valuation from three 
 million to thirty million dollars. He holds quite an 
 amount of real estate, believing the investment better 
 than stocks of uncertain value, and far more secure. 
 
 He has always taken 
 a deep interest in the 
 welfare of the town 
 and city, and has held 
 m a n y i m p o r t a n t 
 offices, being one of 
 the original projec- 
 tors and c o m m i s- 
 sioners for the con- 
 struction of water 
 works. He was chair- 
 man of the Board of 
 Selectmen, three 
 years a member of 
 the School Board, five 
 years in the city gov- 
 ernment, and has re- 
 cently been ap- 
 pointed on the Board 
 of Street Commis- 
 sioners. Both as 
 councilman and al- 
 derman he took an 
 active interest in all 
 measures that per- 
 tained to the welfare 
 and prosperity of the 
 city, and the ability 
 displayed by him re- 
 flected to his credit, 
 and he has often been 
 sent to represent his ward. He is a member of the 
 Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, and 
 has several times been appointed on the Board of Judges. 
 His father is still living and is in his ninetieth year, and 
 there are in the family four living generations in regular 
 descent. In politics Mr. Holmes has always been a 
 Republican, and has been chairman and secretary of 
 Republican committees and conventions. He is a promi- 
 nent member of the First Congregational Church. 
 
428 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 CHARLES F. SHUTK is a native of Maiden, and 
 was born June 17, 1838. He was educated in 
 the Maiden public schools and when a young man became 
 engaged in the leather business in Lynn, where he re- 
 mained for several years. He subsequently went into 
 the milk trade in Maiden, and in this line has built up 
 an extensive business which he still carries on. Several 
 years ago he became interested in the ice business in 
 Melrose with Mr. Mclntyre, the firm being Shute & 
 Mclntyre. For a 
 number of years past 
 he has been an ex- 
 tensive and success- 
 ful dealer in real 
 estate, and has built 
 two substantial brick 
 blocks on Ferry 
 Street, which he still 
 owns. .'\s a real estate 
 dealer he has done 
 m u c h to build up 
 Ferry Street and 
 vicinity, and he has 
 become known as 
 one of Maiden's 
 substantial citizens. 
 When the subject of 
 changing from a town 
 to a city government 
 was first brought up, 
 twelve years ago, Mr. 
 Shute was one of the 
 leading citizens who 
 took an active in- 
 terest in the question, 
 and he did his part 
 in bringing about 
 that result, which the 
 majority of Maiden 
 citizens now believe 
 
 to have been a most beneficial change. The city has 
 enjoyed remarkable prosperity since it received its 
 charter, and its government has in general been ably 
 administered. Maiden is one of the progressive munici- 
 palities of the Commonwealth. When it came to se- 
 lecting men from the various sections of the city to form 
 the first city government Mr. Shute was unanimously 
 chosen to represent Ward One, where he then resided, 
 as one of the three councilmen from that section of the 
 
 CHARLES F. SHUTE 
 
 city. His first term in the Council gave entire satisfaction 
 to his constituents, and he was re-elected liy a unanimous 
 vote. He performed good service for the city as coun- 
 cilman and as an active member of the committees on 
 Finance, on Highways and Almshouse and Poor. After 
 two years in the Council he retired for a time from public 
 life, but he has ever since taken a most active interest 
 in the affairs of the city and in the promotion of its 
 welfare and prosperity. His efficient work as a member of 
 
 the Highways Com- 
 mittee led to his 
 selection as one of 
 the street commis- 
 sioners,subsequently, 
 and in this capacity 
 he did excellent work 
 for the city. In the 
 fall of 1890, when it 
 came to select two 
 new men to repre- 
 sent the city in the 
 lower branch of the 
 Massachusetts Legis- 
 lature, he was unani- 
 mously selected as 
 one of the men to 
 whom the honor was 
 due, and he was 
 elected by a large 
 majority. He was 
 re-elected for 1892, 
 and served on the 
 committees on 
 Finance and Expen- 
 ditures, taking rank as 
 one of the most use- 
 ful members of the 
 House. At the close 
 of the legislative 
 session he was 
 chosen as one of the members of the Legislature to 
 attend, with the governor of the State, the dedication of 
 the World's Fair buildings. In politics Mr. Shute is an 
 ardent Republican, though he has never permitted his 
 public actions to be governed by any considerations of 
 mere partisanship. As street commissioner, as well as in 
 other capacities, Mr. Shute has rendered the city valua- 
 ble service. He was married in December, i860, and 
 has a wife and seven children. 
 

 
 CHICOPEE is one of the youngest cities in Massachusetts, having been admitted on Jan. i, 1891. It is one 
 of the most important industrial centres in the western part of the State, and is somewhat noted as the 
 home of Ex-Governor George D. Robinson. Although a city of between fifteen thousand and sixteen thousand 
 inhabitants, it is so near to Springfield, the metropolis of the Connecticut valley, that it loses some of the prestige 
 that it would otherwise receive. The city as now constituted consists of several flourishing villages, which are 
 still called by their old names : Chicopee Centre, Chicopee Falls and Willimansett. The Centre is situated on 
 the south bank of the Chicopee River at its confluence with the Connecticut River, three and a half miles north 
 of Springfield. Its mills and factories obtain water power from the first-named stream, a rapid water course which, 
 in the course of two or three miles, has a fall of seventy feet. The Falls section of the city is situated on both 
 sides of the Chicopee River, one and a half miles above its mouth, and five miles north of Springfield. A bridge 
 connects the two halves of the place, and pedestrians passing to and fro have a charming view of the river, of the 
 fall over the dam and of the rapids below, checked by another dam at a lower level. There is a great volume of 
 water power utilized by the numerous factories with which the city abounds. Willimansett is a small hamlet at 
 the northerly end of Chicopee Street, on the east side of the Connecticut River and opposite Holyoke. Its 
 interests are chiefly agricultural. The Connecticut River Railroad runs through the centre of the city, and a 
 branch extends up the river to Chicopee Falls. 
 
 The city produces great quantities of machinery, bicycles, tricycles, sewing machines, locks, cutlery, bronze 
 statuary, cotton goods, etc. The city has excellent police and fire departments, is well lighted, and has the best 
 of streets. The public schools, supplemented with a free library, are first class and well attended. The evening 
 schools of Chicopee are probably the best in the State. Of the pupils attending the night schools there are two 
 hundred and seventy of all nations, and sixteen teachers are employed in their instruction. The distinction the 
 schools have attained is due to the fact that the city is so largely given over to manufacturing interests. It is here 
 more than anywhere else that all classes mingle, and all nationalities are brought in contact. According to the law, 
 it is compulsory that all illiterate minors who are employed during the day shall take advantage of the opportunity 
 offered by this means of education. Those who do not attend are expelled and deprived of their work during the 
 day at the factories or shops. The State commissioner of education has been pleased to commend the methods 
 and successes of the school work at Chicopee. 
 
 One remarkable feature of the place is the fact that it is probably the only city iu the country thai has no 
 newspaper. This is accounted for by the fact that it is connected so closely with Springfield by electric cars that the 
 residents prefer to rely upon the newspapers of the latter city for their news. Chicopee has a bank of discount — 
 the First National, which has a capital of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and a surplus of over fifty thou- 
 sand dollars — and two savings banks, which have a large number of depositors. The city, formerly called Cabot- 
 ville, takes its odd name from the river, the original of which was " Chickkuppy." It was at first a part of Spring- 
 field, but as the settlement began to grow it withdrew into a settlement by itself. Its early growth was so slow, 
 howe\er, that it was not until 1825 that it was incorporated as a town. 
 
430 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WILLIAM W. McCLENCH, the present mayor 
 of Chicopee, is one of the coming men of 
 Massachusetts. Elected mayor of his native city at 
 the age of thirty-seven, Mr. McClench has proved that 
 a prophet is not without honor in his own country. He 
 was born at Chicopee on April 6, 1854, the son of 
 Joseph U. McClench and Mary A. (Johnson) McClench, 
 a native of East Weare, N. H. The young man came 
 from sturdy stock. His father was born in Fayette, 
 Me., in 1813, and 
 went to Chicopee in 
 1837, when the great 
 industries of that 
 place were being 
 started, and when 
 Chicopee was a part 
 of Springfield, known 
 as Cabotville. He 
 was educated in the 
 public schools of his 
 native town and at 
 Tufts College, going 
 from the Chicopee 
 High School to the 
 college in 1871. He 
 was graduated from 
 Tuftsin 1875. After 
 his college days were 
 over he taught school 
 for two years, — one 
 year at the Hitch- 
 cock Free High 
 School at Brimfield 
 and another year as 
 p r i n c i pa 1 of the 
 Ware High School. 
 He then entered the 
 law office of Stearns, 
 Knowlton & Long at 
 Springfield, where he 
 
 read law until his admission to the bar in 1878. He 
 was then associated in Chicopee with the Hon. George 
 M. Stearns, in the practice of law for ele\en years, being 
 counsel for the town a greater part of the time. .After 
 this he moved his office to Springfield, and formed a 
 law partnership with Judge Gideon Wells and Jonathan 
 Barnes, under the firm name of Wells, McClench & 
 Barnes, but retaining his residence in Chicopee. For 
 several years he was chairman of the School Board of 
 
 WILLIAM W. McCLENCH 
 
 Chicopee, and also of the Board of Registrars of Voters. 
 He received the nomination of both of the big political 
 parties for mayor in 1891, being unanimously elected 
 the second mayor of the city. He is also a member of 
 the Board of Trustees of the Hitchcock Free High 
 School of Brimfield, and was for two years a member of 
 the Supreme Lodge, Knights of Honor, as a represen- 
 tative from Massachusetts. Mr. McClench is also a 
 prominent Mason. In 1880 Mr. McClench was married 
 
 to Miss Katherine A. 
 Hill, the only daugh- 
 ter of Sylvester B. 
 Hill, of Chicopee, 
 one of the most 
 prominent business 
 men of the place, 
 and for many years 
 connected as con- 
 tractor and other- 
 wise with the famous 
 Ames Manufacturing 
 Company. Mr. Mc- 
 Clench is connected 
 with the LInitarian 
 Society at Chicopee, 
 and is chairman of 
 the Standing Com- 
 mittee of the society. 
 In politics Mr. Mc- 
 Clench was a Repub- 
 lican until 1884, 
 when he joined the 
 Democratic party. 
 A warm admirer of 
 Cirover Cleveland, he 
 supported h i m for 
 election ui>on the 
 stump, and has ever 
 since that campaign 
 been a stanch 
 Democrat. He has been an earnest advocate of tariff 
 reform, and has participated actively in all State and 
 national campaigns since he became a voter. In 1892 
 Mr. McClench was the Democratic candidate for district 
 attorney for the AVestern district, comijrising Hampden 
 and Berkshire. He is regarded throughout the State as 
 one of the strongest men in public life in Western Mas- 
 sachusetts, and his friends are confident that the future 
 has manv honors in store for him. 
 
CHICOPF.E. 
 
 431 
 
 GEORGE SYLVESTER TAYLOR, Chicopee's first 
 mayor, is one of the most respected and most 
 influential citizens of the city. A resident of what is 
 now Chicopee since 1828, no citizen is held in higher 
 esteem or more honored by the people of his city. 
 When Chicopee was made a city, in i8gi, Mr. Taylor 
 was the citizens' candidate for mayor, and was elected 
 without opposition. He has been a justice of the peace 
 since 1845, and was special justice of the Chicopee Po- 
 lice Court until 1859, 
 when he was elected 
 a member of the 
 lower branch of the 
 Massachusetts Legis- 
 lature, to represent 
 his town. He was 
 elected to this office 
 for two years in suc- 
 cession. In 1869 
 he was elected a 
 State senator, and 
 served one term. In 
 the Legislature he 
 was an efficient and 
 consci entious 
 worker, leading the 
 other members from 
 Western Massachu- 
 setts in pushing the 
 interests of his sec- 
 tion of the State. 
 For two years he was 
 an assessor of the 
 town of Chicopee, 
 and for three years a 
 member of the Board 
 of Selectmen. H e 
 is also president of 
 the Chicopee Falls 
 Savings Bank. In 
 
 business and private life Mr. Taylor has been etjually as 
 distinguished as he has been in politics. He was born 
 in South Hadley on March 2, 1822, the son of Sylvester 
 and Sarah (Eaton) Taylor. On his mother's side he is 
 a descendant of the famous Chapin family, one of the 
 oldest families in Western Massachusetts. He went to 
 Chicopee (then a part of Springfield), with his family, 
 in 1828, where he has lived ever since. He was de- 
 pendent upon the schools of the town for his educa- 
 
 GEORGE S. TAYLOR. 
 
 tion, with the exception of a finishing course at the 
 school kept by the Re\'. Sanford Lawton in Springfield. 
 In 1839 Mr. Taylor entered the store of Colonel Bryant, 
 where he was a clerk for two years. In 1842 he en- 
 tered the store of S. A. Shackleford & Co., soon after- 
 wards becoming a partner. This was upon his becom- 
 ing of age, in 1843. The name of the firm was then 
 changed to Shackford & Taylor. This firm continued 
 in business twenty years, after which Mr. Taylor entered 
 
 into the agricultural 
 tool business, under 
 the firm name of 
 Belcher & Taylor. 
 This company con- 
 tinued nearly two 
 years, when the stock 
 company of the 
 Belcher & Taylor 
 Agricultural Tool 
 Company was incor- 
 porated. Since that 
 time Mr. Taylor has 
 been the treasurer, 
 and since Mr. Belch- 
 er's retirement, in 
 1866, he has also 
 been the agent of the 
 company. Under 
 his able management 
 the business has be- 
 come very prosper- 
 ous. Mr. Taylor is 
 also president of the 
 Chicopee Fall s 
 Building Company. 
 He is a prominent 
 member of the Con- 
 gregational church, 
 and has been one of 
 the deacons since 
 June 20, 1857. He was superintendent of the Sunday- 
 school from May 8, 1848, until May, 1873, when he 
 resigned, after twenty-five years of faithful service. Mr. 
 Taylor was married in 1845 to Miss Asenath B. Cobb, of 
 Princeton, Mass. He has one daughter and three sons 
 living, having lost two sons and one daughter. In the 
 development of the natural resources of Chicopee and 
 in the advancement of the interests of the municipality 
 Mr. Taylor has been one of the potent factors. 
 
432 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 GEORGE MUNROE STEARNS is one of a small 
 number of lawyers in Western Massachusetts 
 whose professional reputation extends all over New 
 England. He is one of the most eloquent and witty 
 orators in the country. He was born at Stoughton, 
 Norfolk County, April i8, 1S31, the son of William L. 
 and Mary (Munroe) Stearns. His early education was 
 obtained in the common schools of the town of Rowe, 
 where his father was settled as pastor of a Unitarian 
 parish. After being 
 graduated from the 
 public schools there 
 he took a course at 
 the academy at Shel- 
 burne Falls. Mr. 
 Stearns decided long 
 before his school- 
 days were over that 
 the profession of law 
 was his field in life, 
 and on leaving school 
 he entered the office 
 of the late Judge 
 John Wells, at Chic- 
 opee, where he pur- 
 sued his legal studies. 
 He was admitted to 
 the Hampden 
 County bar in April, 
 1852, and immedi- 
 ately entered into 
 partnershij) with 
 Judge Wells. This 
 partnership was con- 
 tinued until Judge 
 Wells removed to 
 Springfield, after 
 which Mr. Stearns 
 continued alone for 
 several years. Later, 
 
 Mr. Stearns formed a coiKirtnership with the late Hon. 
 E. D. Beach, and after that with Hon. Marcus P. Knowl- 
 ton, judge of the Supreme Judicial Court, and C. L. 
 Long. This partnership continued for some years. 
 Since 1878 he has continued in practice in Chicopee. 
 Mr. Stearns held a commission as justice of the peace 
 and quorum and notary public for several years. He 
 was elected a representati\e to the General Court from 
 Chicopee in 1859 and was appointed one of the Coni- 
 
 GEORGE M. STEARNS. 
 
 mittee of Thirty who reported the revision of the statutes 
 in i860. In 1 87 1 Mr. Stearns was elected to the Senate, 
 serving on the Committee on Railroads. In 1872 he 
 was elected district attorney for the western district, 
 which office he resigned after holding it for over two 
 years. In February, 1886, Mr. Stearns was appointed 
 United States attorney at Boston, which office he also 
 resigned after seventeen months. In politics Mr. 
 Stearns is a Democrat, and has frequently been a dele- 
 gate to State conven- 
 tions. He was a 
 delegate to the Na- 
 tional Democratic 
 Convention, in 1872, 
 where he favored the 
 nomination of Hor- 
 ace Greeley. Mr. 
 Stearns was candi- 
 date for lieutenant- 
 governor on the 
 t i c k e t w i t h J o h n 
 Quincy Adams, and 
 also for the same 
 place when Charles 
 Sumner was nomi- 
 nated by the Demo- 
 crats, but when the 
 latter declined, Mr. 
 Stearns also w i t h - 
 drew. Mr. Stearns 
 married Emily Caro- 
 line, daughter of 
 Erasmus D. and 
 Caroline (BuUard) 
 Goodnow, at Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y., May 17, 
 1855. Their chi 1- 
 d r e n were : Mary 
 Caroline and Emily 
 Spaulding Stearns, 
 the former dying at the age of twenty-eight and the 
 latter at twelve. Mr. Stearns is a grandson of Charles 
 Stearns, D. D., of Lincoln, who was made doctor of 
 divinity by Harvard, and was one of the ablest and 
 most learned men of his day. He was at one time 
 offered the presidency of Harvard College, but declined 
 it, because he considered it his duty to remain with the 
 little parish at Lincoln, though his compensation was 
 but four hundred dollars a year. 
 
CI-irCOPF.E. 
 
 433 
 
 AH. OVERMAN, president of the Overman Wheel 
 , Company, of Chicopee Falls, had an idea when 
 he was a boy, and long before the bicycle of to-day was 
 thought of, that mankind should have some means of 
 locomotion for which the motive power should be con- 
 tained within himself. This idea was possibly sug- 
 gested by the velocipede of that period, which was not 
 only a clumsy vehicle, but was far from speedy. The 
 result of this train of thought is his position to-day at 
 the liead of the great- 
 est wheel manufac- 
 turing company i n 
 the country. Mr. 
 Overman was born 
 in Fulton County, 
 111., in 1850, his fa- 
 ther being Cyrus R. 
 Overman, president 
 of the Illinois State 
 Horticultural So- 
 ciety, and the lead- 
 ing wholesale nurs- 
 eryman of the State. 
 Mr. Overman was 
 educated at the State 
 Normal University 
 of Illinois. He went 
 to Chicago when 
 twenty years of age, 
 where he accepted a 
 position with Jansen, 
 McClurg & Co., 
 wholesale book and 
 stationery dealers, 
 with whom he re- 
 mained until he had 
 perfected his plans 
 for becoming a bi- 
 cycle manufacturer. 
 He then resigned his 
 
 position and sold his home, against the protest of his 
 friends, to come East, where the conditions of labor 
 were more suitable for his purpose than where lie was. 
 While with this house, however, Mr. Overman con- 
 stantly studied the possibilities of his project, and spent 
 his spare time in making models of his own invention, 
 which were of no little value to him when he went into 
 the business in earnest. Mr. Overman went from Chi- 
 cago to Hartford, Conn., where he matured his i)lans. 
 
 A. H. OVERMAN 
 
 He then went to Chicopee Falls, where the corporation 
 he formed while at Hartford erected a building two 
 stories in height, and covering an area of about two 
 thousand feet, and began business with about thirty men. 
 As a result of Mr. Overman's able management, the 
 corporation now has a building more than twenty times 
 the size of the original, in addition to several smaller 
 buildings, and employs about twelve hundred men. 
 For some time when he first began, Mr. Overman had 
 
 his wheels c o n- 
 structed by contract, 
 but now claims that 
 ^ his is the only con- 
 
 cern in the world 
 which builds the en- 
 tire bicycle. In 1891 
 Mr. Overman offered 
 to give $10,000 to 
 the League of Ameri- 
 can Wheelmen in 
 case any other manu- 
 facturers of bicycles 
 could prove that they 
 manufactured every 
 part of their wheels 
 in their own factories, 
 providing any com- 
 peting party would 
 agree to forfeit tlie 
 same amount in 
 case they failed. 
 No one accepted his 
 challenge. Mr. 
 Overman is a thor- 
 ough master of every 
 part of his business, 
 and is at his manu- 
 factory every day, 
 looking after me- 
 chanical details. He 
 is the in\-entor of many of the devices of which his 
 wheel is made, but is constantly buying up impro\ed 
 patents. He has a board of experts who do nothing 
 but experiment and invent parts of bicycles and he him- 
 self is thoroughly conversant with all the intricate 
 minutiae of the various branches of the Ijusiness. Mr. 
 Overman married Miss Millie E. Benton, of Normal, 111., 
 in 1S73, and they have three children, — Marjorie, Max 
 anil Edward Overman. 
 
434 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EMERSON GAYLORD, although not a veteran of 
 the late war, is one of the heroes of that war. 
 An incident that occurred at the very start of the Rebel- 
 lion tells the whole story. Mr. Gaylord, who was at that 
 time a manufacturer of military accoutrements, had been 
 manufacturing supplies for nearly every State in the 
 Union and had, before there was any expectation of war, 
 received an order for a large consignment of military 
 accoutrements for the Southern States. The day Fort 
 Sumter fell he had 
 the order finished. 
 That afternoon he 
 received a telegram 
 from Colonel Thorn- 
 ton, commanding at 
 Governor's Island, 
 N. Y., asking him to 
 ship to the govern- 
 ment all goods on 
 hand and all in pro- 
 cess of construction. 
 Soon afterward a 
 message was received 
 from Governor An- 
 drew with the same 
 request for Massa- 
 chusetts. Mr. Gay- 
 lord resolved to 
 divide the accoutre- 
 ments equally be- 
 tween the govern- 
 ment and the State. 
 Before night a noted 
 speculator from New 
 York offered $5,000 
 more than he would 
 otherwise receive for 
 the stock. Mr. Gay- 
 lord, realizing that 
 the accoutrements 
 
 would go to the South, refused the offer and sent the 
 goods to the government. The demands of the govern- 
 ment for this line of goods became so large that he was 
 com])elled to erect new buildings, increase his force of 
 employees to four hundred and fifty men, and ship from 
 Si 8,000 to ;?20,ooo worth of goods every week. Mr. 
 Gaylord was born at South Hadley, Mass., Sept. 2, 1817, 
 the son of Josiah and Lucretia Smith Gaylord. His 
 father dying when he was seven years of age, he was 
 
 EMERSON GAYLORD 
 
 early left to depend upon his own resources. At seven- 
 teen years of age he was apprenticed to learn harness 
 making. An apprentice in those days was called upon 
 to do chores and render other assistance, and young 
 Gaylord, finding he had so much other work to do for 
 his employer, after two months began to learn the shoe- 
 maker's trade. Soon afterwards he purchased his time 
 for fifty dollars and paid a Mr. Ely one dollar a week to 
 teach him the art of making first-class gaiter boots. At 
 
 twenty-one years of 
 age he had saved 
 forty dollars. He 
 continued in the shoe 
 business until 1840, 
 and in 1841 he went 
 to Chicopee where 
 he entered the em- 
 ploy of the N. P. 
 Ames Company, 
 manufacturers of can- 
 non swords and mil- 
 itary accoutrements. 
 He was employed in 
 the latter depart- 
 ment, and in 1843 
 took charge of it. 
 In 1856 he purchased 
 the department and 
 added to it the man- 
 ufacture of leather 
 hose and machinery 
 belting. In April, 
 1863, Mr. Gaylord 
 organized his estab- 
 lishment into a stock 
 company^ of which 
 he became president. 
 After the Rebellion 
 the business w a s 
 chiefly confined to 
 cabinet locks and regulative and society swords of the 
 finest workmanship. In 1881 he sold out his interest 
 to the stockholders and retired from active business. 
 He has been a director of the First National Bank of 
 Chicopee for about thirty years, and has been president 
 of the bank since 1880. In politics Mr. Gaylord has 
 always been a Republican. He was a member of the 
 House in 1866 and a member of the Senate in 1880 
 and 1881. 
 
CHICOPEE. 
 
 435 
 
 THOMAS CLARK PAGE is as good an illustration 
 of a self-made man as it is possible to find. 
 Starting the battle of life without even the ad\antages 
 possessed by the ordinarily poor boy, he has erected for 
 himself a monument of success that will ever stand as an 
 illustration of what creditable ambition and well-directed 
 energy can be made to do. He was born in Hollis, 
 York County, Me., April 23, 1832, the youngest son of 
 James and Eliza (Woodman) Page. Eight years later his 
 father died, leaving 
 his mother with seven 
 small children and 
 no means of support. 
 At this eventful 
 period in his life 
 Thomas Clark Page 
 went to work on a 
 farm with an uncle, 
 where he was per- 
 mitted to attend 
 school only on rainy 
 days or at such times 
 as he could be spared 
 from the work on the 
 farm. Three years 
 later he was appren- 
 ticed to a shoe 
 manufacturer at 
 Haverhill, Mass., by 
 whom he was allowed 
 to attend school three 
 months in the year. 
 Two and a half years 
 later he was given 
 his time, and he went 
 to Saco, Me., where 
 his mother was then 
 residing. Here he 
 continued making 
 shoes and attending 
 
 the public schools. At the age of eighteen years he 
 decided that the trade he had learned did not offer the 
 field for advancement that he aspired to, and he 
 apprenticed himself to a machinist, with whom he 
 remained three full years. In April, 1853, just after 
 becoming of age, Mr. Page went to Holyoke, Mass., 
 where he worked as a journeyman machinist four or 
 five years. In 1857-58, during those hard times when 
 nearly all the shops closed, Mr. Page embraced the 
 
 THOMAS C. PAGE. 
 
 opportunity to start a repair shop. He commenced 
 business with one engine lathe and with just room 
 enough to set the lathe and a vise and bench. From 
 this modest beginning what is now one of the largest 
 machine works in New I^ngland has grown, although 
 Mr. Page has long since severed his connection with the 
 concern. In 1865 he became interested in the knitting 
 machine invented by I. W. Lamb, and recognizing its 
 merit, purchased an interest in the patents. He then be- 
 gan the manufacture 
 of these machines 
 
 at Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 In 1867 he purchased 
 the real estate and 
 mac h i n ery of the 
 Massachusetts Arms 
 Company at Chico- 
 pee, organized the 
 Lamb Knitting Ma- 
 chine Manufacturing 
 Com])any, and be- 
 gan the manufac- 
 ture of the machines 
 o n a large scale. 
 Since that time Mr. 
 Page has been man- 
 aging agent of the 
 f 1 company and for the 
 
 k most of the time 
 
 * treasurer. He has 
 
 been a life-long Re- 
 publican in politics, 
 but has always re- 
 fused to accept any 
 political office: In 
 private life Mr. Page 
 has been a model and 
 public-spirited citi- 
 zen. He is a prom- 
 inent Mason, having 
 taken all the degrees up to and including the thirty- 
 second. Since the organization of the Chicopee Falls 
 Savings Bank he has been a vice-president of that insti- 
 tution. Mr. Page's success in life has not been due to 
 any fortunate external circumstances of birth and train- 
 ing, but to his own inherent ability and energy. His 
 career is one of many in the industrial world of New 
 England, showing what splendid opportunities she offers 
 to brains. 
 
436 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EDWARD BELLAMY is one of the few men in the 
 country who awoke one morning to find himself 
 famous. Mr. Bellamy was a journalist, and had written 
 several very noteworthy magazine articles, and two or 
 three novels, before he produced " Looking Backward," 
 but until this book appeared, in January, 1888, very few 
 people had more than a vague recollection of the name 
 when they saw his signature to a magazine article or his 
 name on the cover of a novel. With the last-named 
 work Mr. Bellamy 
 sprang into promi- 
 nence, and his work 
 to-day i s evidence 
 that this prominence 
 will not diminish. 
 The sales of " Look- 
 i n g B a c k w ar d " 
 reached four h u n- 
 d r e d thousand in 
 America, almost a s 
 many in Great Bri- 
 t a i n and probably 
 quite as many i n 
 Germany. Transla- 
 tions soon appeared 
 in Danish, Swedish, 
 G e r m a n, D u t c h, 
 French, Italian, Rus- 
 sian, Polish, Hunga- 
 rian and other 
 languages. Mr. 
 Bellamy has lived at 
 Chicopee Falls a 1- 
 m o s t continuously 
 since his birth, i n 
 1850. He is a de- 
 scendant of Rev. Dr. 
 Joseph Bellamy, a 
 famous theologian 
 of the time of the 
 
 American Revolution. On the other side of_ the house 
 his grandfather was the Rev. Benjamin Putnam, a promi- 
 nent man in the Baptist denomination. His father, the 
 late Rev. R. K. Bellamy, was pastor for thirty-five years 
 of the Baptist church at Chicopee Falls. Edward Bel- 
 lamy's early education was obtained at home, followed 
 by a partial course at Union College, a year of European 
 travel, and a course of law. He was admitted to the 
 bar of Hampden County, of which he is still a member. 
 
 EDWARD BELLAMY 
 
 though he has never practised. The appetite for literary 
 work spoiled a good lawyer in Mr. Bellamy, and he 
 aliandoned the profession for which he had fitted him- 
 self, in favor of journalism. In 1S71 he joined the 
 staff of the New York Evening Post, then under Charl- 
 ton Lewis. In 1872 he left the Post to accept a desk 
 on the Springfield Union as literary editor and editorial 
 writer. Mr. Bellamy remained with the Union four 
 years, when he made an extented trip to the Sandwich 
 
 Islands, for the pur- 
 pose of recuperating 
 h i s somewhat i m- 
 paired health. Mr. 
 Bellamy's first work 
 of fiction was "A 
 Nantucket Idyl," 
 and it brought the 
 author into more 
 prominence than has 
 any of his subsequent 
 work s, excepting 
 "Looking Back- 
 ward." His second 
 e ff o r t was "Dr. 
 Heidenhoff's Pro- 
 cess," which ap- 
 peared as a serial in 
 the S 13 r i n g fi e 1 d 
 i 'nion. This was 
 followed by " Miss 
 Ludington's Sister." 
 Mr. Bellamy has also 
 written much other 
 matter, continuing 
 h i s series of short 
 stories in the maga- 
 zines. Since the 
 publication of 
 "Looking Back- 
 ward " he has wholly 
 devoted his time to speaking and writing in advocacy 
 of the plan of social organization set forth in that book, 
 and known as Nationalism. In 1891 he founded a 
 weekly newspaper in Boston, called the The Neto Na- 
 tion, for the more effective promulgation of these ideas. 
 Mr. Bellamy was concerned in the organization of the 
 People's party in Massachusetts. In the national cam- 
 paign of 1892 Mr. Bellamy was a presidential elector-at- 
 large on the People's party ticket of Massachusetts. 
 
CHICOPEE. 
 
 437 
 
 WILLIAM M. E. MELLEN, M. D., the leading 
 physician of Chicopee, and one of the dele- 
 gates to the Tenth International Medical Congress at 
 Berlin, Germany, is one of the eminent men of Massa- 
 chusetts whose success in life is due almost entirely to 
 their own energy and ability. He was born in Worces- 
 ter, Mass., April 6, 1848, the son of James and Margaret 
 T. Mellen. His father died before the subject of this 
 sketch was able to take care of himself, and his mother, 
 a most refined wo- 
 man, was left with 
 three children and 
 in rather poor cir- 
 cumstances. Dr. 
 Mellen, in his boy- 
 hood, attended the 
 public schools of 
 Worcester, and being 
 desirous of obtaining 
 a more substantial 
 and practical educa- 
 tion, worked for some 
 time as an iron 
 moulder in the foun- 
 dries of his native 
 town. In this man- 
 ner he obtained 
 funds to enable him 
 to begin the study of 
 medicine at the LTni- 
 versity of Michigan. 
 While at the univer- 
 s i t y he showed 
 marked ability as a 
 student, accomplish- 
 ing with ease and 
 speed what required 
 hours of hard work 
 for his classmates. 
 He obtained some 
 
 assistance in his work by studying with Dr. Riley, of 
 Adams, and completed his medical course in 1876, at 
 which time he was graduated from the university. After 
 his graduation he first practised medicine in North- 
 ampton, Mass., and after remaining there one year, 
 moved to Chicopee, where he has since practised his 
 profession. In the medical profession he stands high, 
 as is seen in his success in dealing with critical cases. 
 He has performed a number of difiicult surgical opera- 
 
 tions, and is often summoned as consulting physician. 
 It was in 1890 that Dr. Mellen was chosen a delegate 
 to the Tenth International Medical Congress in Berlin. 
 In company with Dr. Fox, an eminent physician, he 
 visited the leading hospitals of London and studied 
 some of their methods of operating. He also visited 
 hospitals in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Bavaria, Vienna, and 
 in cities in France. .\s a citizen of Chicopee he has 
 been called to some of its highest offices. He was a 
 
 member of the 
 School Board for 
 three years, was for 
 one year chairman 
 of the Board of 
 Health, and has 
 been city physician. 
 His work in each of 
 these positions only 
 served to ]irove his 
 capability to fill more 
 im|Jortant positions, 
 and in 1891 he was 
 elected to the Board 
 of .Aldermen, and in 
 1892 became chair- 
 man of the board. 
 As a municipal offi- 
 cer he has acted as 
 chairman of nearly 
 all the important 
 committees, among 
 them the committees 
 on Highways and 
 Bridges, Fire Depart- 
 ment, Police, Ordi- 
 nance, Street Light- 
 ing, and Sewers. 
 His executive ability 
 and his knowledge of 
 municipal affairs are 
 acknowledged by all. In politics Dr. Mellen is a Demo- 
 crat. He was sent as delegate to the National Demo- 
 cratic Convention held in Chicago in 1892, and has also 
 been delegate at large to nearly all of the State conven- 
 tions of his party since he entered public life, and has 
 taken a prominent part in them. In 1883 Dr. Mellen 
 married Kate M. Burke, the only daughter of Patrick 
 Burke, a prominent citizen of Chicopee. They have 
 one daughter. 
 
 WILLiAM M. E, MELLEN. 
 
438 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EUGENE J. O'NEIL is one of the most popular 
 young men in Chicopee, being the only man 
 whom the city has ever honored by sending him as rep- 
 resentative to the Massachusetts (ieneral Court for three 
 consecutive tejms. Mr. O'Neil was born at Chicopee 
 Falls, Feb. 29, 1856, and has been signally honored for 
 a young man who is not yet in his prime. He was 
 educated in the public schools at Chicopee Falls. He 
 entered the employ of the Chicopee Manufacturing 
 Company at an age 
 when most boys are 
 still at school. He 
 began as bobbin boy, 
 and gradually worked 
 up from the lowest 
 position in the mill 
 to second hand in 
 the weaving depart- 
 ment. In 1883 Mr. 
 O'Neil was made a 
 flattering offer by the 
 Canada Cotton Man- 
 ufacturing Company 
 of Cornwall, Ontario, 
 to go there as over- 
 overseer. Mr. 
 O'Neil was only 
 twenty-six years of 
 age at this time, and 
 he accepted the 
 offer. He remained 
 in Canada only about 
 a year, however. At 
 the expiration of that 
 time he decided that 
 the prospects in the 
 United States were 
 much better than in 
 Canada, so he re- 
 turned to Chicopee 
 
 Falls, and began looking about for an opportunity to go 
 into business for himself. It was not long before he hit 
 upon the idea of beginning the manufacture of tape and 
 narrow fabric, and he immediately proceeded to carry 
 out the project. He secured a small factory at South 
 Hadley and began operations. The venture was a suc- 
 cess from the very start. It was not long before he 
 required more room, and then he removed his business 
 to Chicopee Falls, where he has since conducted it. 
 
 EUGENE J. O'NEIL 
 
 Mr. O'Neil is an ideal type of man for a candidate. He 
 has an uncommonly shrewd political judgment, is en- 
 dowed with no little ability, and has mastered the secret 
 of the art of being popular with the people of all parties. 
 He was elected representative upon nomination of the 
 Democrats in 1890, and he made an excellent record in 
 the Legislature. He was renominated in 1891 and re- 
 elected. An attempt was made to defeat him for a third 
 term, in accordance with the usual custom, and it re- 
 sulted in one of the 
 most interesting cau- 
 cuses ever held in 
 Chicopee, Mr. 
 O'Neil receiving an 
 overwhelming major- 
 ity. Mr. O' Neil's 
 political popularity 
 was gained by his fa- 
 mous fight for the 
 Willimansett Bridge, 
 and his success was 
 considered a great 
 victory for the peo- 
 ple. He has always 
 paid personal atten- 
 tion to the interests 
 of the people whom 
 h e represented i n 
 the Legislature. Mr. 
 ( I'Neil is the son of 
 William and Joanna 
 (Cur ran) O'Neil. 
 On Dec. 27, 1881, 
 he married Mary A. 
 Hederman, daughter 
 of Edmond and Jo- 
 anna ( Lynch) He- 
 derman. Mr. O'Neil 
 is prominent in 
 church and social 
 circles. For ten years he has been organist of St. Pat- 
 rick's Church, of which he is also a member. He is 
 also a teacher of music. He has been connected with 
 the Father Mathew Temperance Society for twenty 
 two years, and was its president for many years. Not 
 many young men in the State have been such useful 
 citizens and rendered such valuable services to the com- 
 munity. Mr. O'Neil's success in business affairs has 
 been founded on his own talents and industry. 
 
CHICOPEE. 
 
 439 
 
 DANIEL DUNN is one of the most prominent and 
 respected citizens of Chicopee Falls, — a man 
 who has often been called upon to serve the public, and 
 who has always generously responded to the call. He 
 is a type of that class of public-spirited citizens who 
 believe that the welfare of their country should take the 
 precedence over personal and business affairs. Mr. 
 Dunn has been eminently successful, both in his private 
 and his public life. He was born, June 3, 1835, in the 
 parish of Aughavoe, 
 Queen's County, Ire- 
 land, the son of Dan- 
 iel and Margaret 
 (Bergan) Dunn. He 
 came to this country 
 with his parents in 
 i85i,his school-days 
 having been confined 
 to the earlier years 
 in his native coun- 
 try. The family went 
 to Paterson, N. J., 
 on their arrival in 
 this country. There, 
 with his father and 
 brothers, he began 
 work in Morrow's 
 woollen mill. In 
 1859 Mr. Dunn ac- 
 cepted a position at 
 Maiden, Mass., as 
 overseer in the fin- 
 ishing department of 
 Cochran & McAllis- 
 ter's print work. He 
 went to Chicopee 
 Falls in 1862, where, 
 for twenty-eight years 
 he was overseer of 
 the Chicopee Manu- 
 facturing Company's finishing department. For a num- 
 ber of years he conducted a hardware and grocery 
 business in Chicopee Falls. He is now retired from 
 active business. Mr. Dunn has always been a shrewd 
 business man. He has, at various times, been interested 
 in a large number of enterprises, and is closely identified 
 with the material growth of the city. Since his retire- 
 ment from business he has remained a stockholder in 
 the Chicopee Manufacturing' Company and in other 
 
 DANIEL DUNN 
 
 concerns. He is a large real estate owner in Chicopee 
 and in Springfield, his combined property being valued 
 at about Si 00,000. Mr. Dunn has lived in Chicopee 
 Falls for thirty years. In politics he has always been a 
 Democrat. Before the city was incorporated he served 
 the town as selectman, and has been a trustee of the 
 Chicopee Falls Savings Bank since its organization. 
 He has also been a member of the Father Mathew 
 Temperance Society for the past twenty-four years, and 
 
 has been president 
 of St. Patrick's con- 
 ference of the St. 
 Vincent de Paul So- 
 ciety since its organ- 
 ization, fifteen years 
 ago. Mr. Dunn is 
 also treasurer of Par- 
 ticular Council of St. 
 Vincent de Paul So- 
 ciety of Springfield, 
 and for twenty years 
 has taken an active 
 interest in the Sun- 
 day-school of St. 
 Patrick's Church at 
 Chicopee Falls. Mr. 
 Dunn married Miss 
 Catherine E. Ma- 
 honey, of Boston, 
 Feb. 12, 1868. They 
 have had five chil- 
 dren, the two oldest 
 of whom — Daniel 
 and Mary — are 
 dead. Of the living, 
 Margarel, aged 
 twenty one, a gradu- 
 ate of Notre Dame 
 College of Roxbury, 
 Mass., is at home ; 
 William, aged twenty, educated at Holy Cross College, 
 Worcester, Mass., is in company with W. F. O'Neill in 
 the clothing business, and Callistus, aged sixteen, is 
 still attending school. Mr. Dunn, while not neglecting 
 his duties to his adopted country, has always taken a 
 lively interest in the welfare of his native country, and 
 has been one of the active supporters of the Irish 
 National cause. In church work at Chicopee Fallii 
 Mr. Dunn has been very prominent. 
 
NORTHAMPTON, or as it is familiarly known throughout the Connecticut valley, the " Meadow City," was 
 founded in 1653, when settlers at Springfield, Hartford and Windsor petitioned the General Court for 
 permission to plant a settlement at Nonotuck, the Indian name by which the site of the present city was then 
 known. John Pynchon, the son of the founder of Springfield and Roxbury, and his son-in-law, Elizur Holyoke, 
 with Samuel Chapin, fostered the scheme ; the petition was granted, and they were appointed commissioners to lay 
 out the new settlement. The land was purchased, but only eight of the twenty-four petitioners settled there. 
 The Indian grantors remained friendly until King Philip's War, when they joined the hostile savages, but the town 
 suffered only one attack. The savages, however, kept the settlers uneasy almost until the breaking out of the 
 Revolutionary War, in which the town sustained its part, as it did in the later struggles of the country. 
 
 Excepting these events, the experience of the town, during the latter part of the eighteenth century and 
 beginning of the present one, was much the same as other New England settlements, the town continuing to grow 
 until, in 1824, it was the largest in the State. Now it is a city of about fifteen thousand population, and is 
 accorded the twenty-fifth place among the cities of the "Bay State," but still ranks with the leaders in the 
 beauty of its surroundings and intellectuality of its atmosphere. 
 
 The city is beautifully situated on the Connecticut, seventeen miles above Springfield, under the very brows 
 of Mount Tom and Mount Holyoke. Edward Everett once described the view from the city as finer than that 
 on the Rhine or from the summit of Mount Blanc. But more to Northampton's glory is the fame of her institu- 
 tions and her sons. Foremost among the former is Smith College, for girls, which was founded under the provi- 
 sions of the will of Miss Sophia Smith, of Hadley, who left §400,000 for the purpose, in 1870. The first building 
 was completed in 1874, and since then many fine structures have been erected, until now the college campus is 
 dotted with handsome buildings, and six hundred girls are educated there. Along the same line is the Mary A. 
 Burnham Classical School for girls, the Round Hill School for girls, over which Bancroft, the historian, presided 
 for years, and a model high school. Another important educational institution is the Clarke Institute for Deaf 
 Mutes, endowed by John Clarke in 1867, and to which he gave §275,000. 
 
 The State is also vitally interested in the city, for the State Lunatic Hospital, a magnificent building situated 
 in an iron-fenced park of four hundred acres, is located there. The Dickinson Hospital is a monument to the 
 memory of Caleb Cooley Dickinson. Another institution is the Shady Lawn Sanitarium, which is designed for 
 wealthy invalids. A memorial hall and public library are also features of the city. A fitting conclusion to this list 
 is a mention of the Smith charities, which have proved a godsend to many people. The charities were founded 
 by Oliver Smith who, in 1845, bequeathed to the care of eight trustees the sum of $200,000, which was to be left 
 until it had doubled. Of this amount §30,000 was set aside until 1905, when it is to found the Smith Agricultural 
 College ; §360,000 was reserved, the income from which is to be paid to apprentices, young women and indigent 
 widows, while the remainder forms a contingent account to defray expenses. The will went into effect in 1848, 
 and since then more than §1,200,000 has been paid out as provided. 
 
 Northampton is the birthplace of many men prominent in the affairs of the State and nation. .Among the 
 former were Caleb Strong, an early governor of the State ; Isaac Bates, congressman ; Elijah H. Mills, congressman 
 and senator; Rev. Dr. Timothy Dwight ; Benjamin Tappan, jurist; Phineas .Allen, editor; George H. Clark, poet; 
 Henry Lyman, author ; Josiah Dwight Whitney, geologist ; William Dwight Whitney, philologist ; Austin Flint, author 
 and physician ; while William Cullen Bryant, Historian George Bancroft and Jenny Lind were prominent figures 
 on her streets in the early part of the century, and William Lloyd Garrison often expounded his abolition theories 
 to the citizens of the place. George W. Cable now lives there. The chief historical events of the century were 
 the Mill River flood in 1S74, when one hundred and thirty-six lives were lost, and the great Northampton National 
 Bank robbery in 1876. 
 
NOR THAMPTON. 
 
 441 
 
 JOHN B. O'DONNELL, mayor of Northampton, 
 was born in the county of Kerry, Ireland, Sept. 8, 
 1846, and is the son of the late James and Bridget 
 (Herlihy) O'Donnell. Mayor O'Donnell was married to 
 Bridget T. Coughlin in 1869, but his wife died in 1887, 
 leaving him with five children, all boys, who are now 
 living. Two of them, James C. and George P. O'Don- 
 nell, graduated from Holy Cross College in the class of 
 1892, and are now (1892) taking a course of medicine 
 in the College of Phy- 
 sicians and Surgeons 
 in New York City. 
 Maj'or O'Donnell 
 emigrated to this 
 country with his par- 
 ents in 1 85 1 and set- 
 tled in Northampton, 
 where he has resided 
 ever since. It was 
 in this city that young 
 O'Donnell attended 
 school for the first 
 time, but early had 
 to give up to go to 
 work in the mills, 
 .^t the age of twelve 
 he worked in a cot- 
 ton mill, putting in 
 more than thirteen 
 hours e\ery day for 
 the very small sum 
 of twenty-five cents. 
 He was steadily ad- 
 vanced in position 
 and wages until, in 
 1863, he left the mill 
 to work at gun mak- 
 ing. In 1864 he en- 
 tered the employ of 
 the Florence Sewing 
 
 Machine Company, where he remained until 1872, when 
 he opened a store in Florence. This line of work was 
 followed until 1874 when, to realize his ambition, he 
 began the study of law with his brother, Ex-City Soli- 
 citor T. B. O'Donnell, of Holyoke. In anticipation of 
 this course. Mayor O'Donnell had been preparing him- 
 self by attendance at the evening schools from the time 
 he entered the cotton factory, and later by private les- 
 sons. He graduated from the Boston University Law 
 
 JOHN B. O'DONNELL 
 
 School in 1877, and then took a postgraduate course, 
 being admitted to the Hampshire County bar the follow- 
 ing year. He immediately opened an office in North- 
 ampton, and has been in constant practice in that 
 city. Mayor O'Donnell has taken a deep interest in all 
 public and political affairs, and has been prominent in 
 both fields. He was a member of the committee 
 appointed to build town sewers and of the City Charter 
 Committee. In 1884 he was a member of the first 
 
 Common Council of 
 the city of North- 
 ampton, but declined 
 re-election. He was 
 elected an assessor 
 for three years in 
 1887, but resigned 
 to take a European 
 trip in 1889. He 
 was the Democratic 
 nominee for mayor 
 in 1890, but was de- 
 feated by a small ma- 
 jority. The follow- 
 ing year he was again 
 nominated and was 
 elected. His admin- 
 istration of munici- 
 pal affairs was a most 
 able one. He is 
 rather independent 
 in politics, although 
 for a long time sec- 
 retary and treasurer 
 of the Democratic 
 City Committee, but 
 he bolted the nomi- 
 nation of Grover 
 Cleveland in 1884. 
 He did not take much 
 interest in politics 
 after that until 1890, after the passage of the McKinley 
 Bill. He was nominated as Democratic presidential 
 elector in 1892. Mayor O'Donnell is a strict and 
 aggressive temperance man, and was instrumental in 
 organizing the Father Mathew Society of Northampton, 
 which is a valuable organization in that city. Mayor 
 O'Donnell has accompHshed much in various ways for 
 the welfare of Northampton, and is known throughout 
 the State as one of her most useful citizens. 
 
442 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 CHARLES NATHANIEL CLARK, than whom 
 Northampton has no citizen with a brighter past 
 or more promising future, was born in that city, April 
 4, 1S53, and has since resided there. He is literally a 
 child of Northampton, for his parents, Charles and ALiry 
 (Strong) Clark, were both descendants of the earliest 
 settlers of that city. The public schools of his native 
 town provided the intellectual food for the boyhood 
 period of Mr. Clark's life, and the high school, from 
 which he graduated 
 
 i n 1869, furnished _ 
 
 the finishing touches 
 of his local scholastic 
 career. LIpon grad- 
 uating from the high 
 school he entered 
 Amherst College and 
 graduated with the 
 class of 1873. Mr. 
 Clark had already 
 decided upon a legal 
 career, but after grad- 
 uating took up teach- 
 ing for a year, which 
 time he spent in the 
 Hitchcock free high 
 school in Brimfield. 
 In 1875 he began to 
 read law in the office 
 of Delano & Ham- 
 mond in Northamp- 
 ton, one of the largest 
 law firms in the West- 
 ern part of the State. 
 He was admitted to 
 the bar in 1877, and 
 at once began the 
 practice of his jiro- 
 fession in his native 
 city, being admitted 
 
 to practice in the United States courts three years later. 
 Mr. Clark has had considerable ])olitical experience at 
 the hands of the Republican party, of which he is, and 
 always has been, a stanch supporter. He has also been 
 a worker, and has done much for the success of that 
 party. Not a little of this was accom]jlished during 
 his eight years' membership of the Town and City Com- 
 mittee, and his two years on the State Central Commit- 
 tee. He represented the First Hampshire District in 
 
 CHARLES N. CLARK 
 
 the Massachusetts House of Representatives during the 
 years 1883, 1884 and 1885, and was elected to a seat in the 
 upper branch of the Legislature in 1887 and 1888 from 
 the Berkshire-Hampshire senatorial district. While a 
 member of the General Court he was honored by appoint- 
 ments on various committees, among which were the 
 Judiciary, the Hoosac Tunnel and Troy and Greenfield 
 Railroad, Claims, Mercantile Affairs, Public Service and 
 Bills^in the Third Reading. He has also been honored 
 
 at home, a n d h a s 
 served as a member 
 of the School Com- 
 mittee for a number 
 of years. In every 
 public capacity Mr. 
 Clark has shown the 
 qualities of a valuable 
 legislator. Mr. 
 Clark has also been 
 prominent in the 
 mercantile and i n- 
 dustrial life of the 
 city, and has a good 
 standing in both 
 fields. He is presi- 
 dent of the Hamp- 
 shire Mutual Fire 
 Insurance Company, 
 and is likewise 
 treasurer of the 
 Northampton Paper 
 C o m p a n y, and a 
 director of the 
 Northampton C u t- 
 lery Company. Be- 
 siiles these jiositions, 
 he holds a director- 
 ship in the North- 
 ampton National 
 Bank, and has been 
 treasurer of Smith College, since June, 1888, and is a 
 trustee of the Northampton Institution for Savings. He 
 is also interested in the First Congregational Church, 
 following the faith of his ancestors, and was for several 
 years chairman of the Board of Assessors of that parish. 
 This, briefly, is the life history of one who seems assured 
 of a broader recognition at the hands of his fellow- 
 citizens in the future and who has already acquitted 
 himself most creditably. 
 
NOR THAMPTON. 
 
 443 
 
 GENERAL JOHN LORD OTIS, one of the promi- 
 nent citizens of Hampshire County and of the 
 State, is a Connecticut boy by birth, and spent the 
 earlier years of his life in that State. He was born in 
 Lyme, New London County, July 15, 1S27, his parents 
 being Hayden K. and Mary (Lord) Otis. The earlier 
 years of his life were spent in a cotton factory, which he 
 entered before he was eight years old, working nearly 
 fourteen hours per day. His education, including his 
 knowledge of m e - 
 chanical engineering, 
 for w h i c h h e h a d 
 great aptitude, was 
 largely acquired by 
 study out of employ- 
 ment hours. In 185 i 
 he became superin- 
 tendent of the Pa- 
 cific Manufacturing 
 Company at M a n - 
 Chester, Conn., re- 
 maining with that 
 corporation for five 
 years. He left t o 
 establish the Otis 
 Manufacturing Com- 
 pany at South Man- 
 chester. While in 
 charge of this con- 
 cern General Otis put 
 in operation for Che- 
 ney Brothers, of that 
 place, the first ma- 
 chinery for the maim- 
 facture of silk and 
 wool knit goods ever 
 operated in this coun- 
 try. The breaking 
 out of the war drew 
 General Otis away 
 
 from his chosen business for a time, for after the first 
 battle of Bull Run he enlisted as a private soldier in 
 the Tenth Regiment of the Connecticut Volunteer In- 
 fantry, and started for the front. By heroic service he 
 won many promotions, passing through the different 
 grades, until in February, 1863, he was advanced to a 
 colonelcy. When he was mustered out of the army, 
 after three years and four months of service, he carried 
 home the title of brevet brigadier-general. General 
 
 JOHN L. OTIS. 
 
 Otis had a long and exciting war experience. He took 
 part in all of Burnside's and Foster's engagements in 
 North Carolina, and in 1863 was engaged with General 
 P'oster's army in its work in South Carolina. The fol- 
 lowing year he was ordered to service in Virginia, and 
 joined the Army of the James. In all of his army ex- 
 perience General Otis showed himself to be the true 
 soldier, and the scars of three wounds, one received at 
 Newbern, and two at Kingston, serve to keep fresh in 
 
 memory the dangers 
 of his long ca m - 
 paign. He returned 
 to his chosen profes- 
 sion at the close of 
 the war, and became 
 superintendent of the 
 Florence Sewing Ma- 
 chine Company at 
 Florence, Mass., 
 where h e remained 
 for three years, or 
 until he established 
 the Northampton 
 Kmery Wheel Com- 
 pany, of which he is 
 treasurer. General 
 Otis is held in high 
 esteem by his fellow- 
 townsmen, and has 
 often been honoreil 
 by election to office. 
 He is a standi Re- 
 publican, and one of 
 the party's leaders. 
 He was a selectman, 
 assessor and over- 
 seer of the poor in 
 Northampton in 
 1875-76, and a year 
 later was elected 
 to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, serving 
 on the Committee on Military .\ffairs. He was elected 
 to the State Senate in 1879, and re-elected the next 
 year, at both times serving on important committees. 
 He made a most honorable record as a legislator, per- 
 forming valuable ser\ice for his constituents and for the 
 State. General Otis was married, March i, 1847, to 
 Catherine, daughter of Cyrus Preston, of South Hadley, 
 and has two children. 
 
444 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 N( )RTHAMPTON has always been particularly 
 strong in her representatives of the law and 
 letters, and many shining lights in the former profes- 
 sion have had their birth or early business experiences 
 in the " Meadow City." The city still has its prominent 
 disciples of Blackstone, and among them may be classed 
 Richard W. Irwin, the present city solicitor, and a rep- 
 resentative of the younger generation. Mr. Irwin was 
 born in Northampton, Feb. i8, 1857, where his parents, 
 William and Mary 
 Irwin, resided. His 
 early schooling was 
 obtained in the pub- 
 lic schools of that 
 city, where he 
 learned just enough 
 to be imbued with a 
 desire to go to col- 
 lege. At that time, 
 however, the plan 
 seemed out of the 
 question, as he was 
 too poor, but the 
 idea always remained 
 and years afterward 
 bore fruit. He im- 
 mediately went to 
 work at the trade of 
 a machinist in Flor- 
 ence, and having 
 mastered it moved 
 to Elgin, 111., in 
 1876, where he went 
 to work in the ma- 
 chine department of 
 the Elgin Watch 
 Factory. He re- 
 mained there two 
 and one - half years, 
 resigning his position 
 
 to return to Natick, where he engaged in the house fur- 
 nishing business with his brother, T. L. Irwin. The 
 bent of his nature, however, was not in a mercantile 
 direction. He always had a desire to read law, and to 
 consummate that plan he left the furniture business in 
 1882, and entered Boston University, from which he 
 graduated with honors and the degree LL. R. in June; 
 1885. He had planned to locate in the West after 
 receiving his diploma,Mjut sickness in his family com- 
 
 pelled him to return to Northampton, where he has 
 since practised very successfully. ^Vhile an enthusiastic 
 Republican, Mr. Irwin has paid more attention to the 
 practice of his profession than to political battling, 
 although he has ever stood ready to serve his party in 
 the field, and has done some valiant service. He has 
 been a member of the Republican City Committee for 
 the past six years, and has "stumped " the district for 
 the Republican ticket. He is one of the most con- 
 vincing Republican 
 speakers in the State. 
 He has declined 
 nomination to the 
 Legislature on sev- 
 eral occasions rather 
 than have such honor 
 conflict with his law 
 business, and, as a 
 consequence, his cli- 
 entele has grown to 
 fl a 1 1 e r i n g propor- 
 tions. His selection 
 as city solicitor for 
 three consecutive 
 terms has also ex- 
 tended h i s reputa- 
 tion, and has added 
 not a little to his 
 legal business. Mr. 
 1 r w i n was also a 
 member of the Com- 
 mon Council of the 
 City Covernment for 
 two years, one of 
 which he was presi- 
 dent of the board. 
 He has shown a 
 great interest in mat- 
 ters relating to the 
 military, and is now 
 captain of Company I, Second Regiment, Massachusetts 
 Volunteer Militia. His recreation consists of his duties 
 in society and a devotion to music, which is a talent 
 with him, and which has led him to sing in several 
 church choirs at various times. Mr. Irwin was married, 
 Nov. 16, 1892, to Miss Florence E. Bangs, daughter of 
 Mr. and Mrs. A. W. Bangs, the former being a pros- 
 perous merchant of Springfield, where the ceremony 
 took place. 
 
 RICHARD W. IRWIN. 
 
NORTHAMPTON. 
 
 445 
 
 
 AMONG the many men who ha\e contributed to the 
 fame of Northampton, as an educational centre, 
 none deserve public recognition to a greater degree 
 than Lewis Joel Dudley, president of the Clarke Institu- 
 tion for Deaf Mutes. Mr. Dudley was born in Guilford, 
 Conn., Nov. ii, 1815, his parents being Joel and Har- 
 riet (Griswold) Dudley. Like many other boys, he was 
 brought up and worked on a farm, during his early boy- 
 hood, attending the district school during the winter. 
 He early decided 
 upon a college course 
 and began prepara- 
 tion in the Guilford 
 Academy and con- 
 tinued it in the acad- 
 emy at Berlin, in the 
 same State. At the 
 age of nineteen he 
 entered Yale, in the 
 class of 1838, and in 
 the face of many 
 difficulties, including 
 an almost fatal illness 
 during his junior 
 year, graduated with 
 his class. After his 
 matriculation he 
 taught the Lewis 
 Academy at South- 
 ington. Conn., for a 
 year, and the Brainard 
 Academy at H a d- 
 dam in t h e same 
 State. In 1840 he 
 became a tutor at 
 Yale, giving instruc- 
 tion in Latin the first 
 year and in Greek 
 for the next five 
 years. His instruc- 
 tion in Greek was highly complimented by Professor 
 James Hadley, who said that it was of permanent value, 
 to the college, in elevating the standard of instruction 
 in this department. While during this work he attended 
 lectures on theology, moral government and mental 
 philosophy. He gave up his tutorship in 1846 and 
 entered the Yale Law School, and a year later received 
 the degree of bachelor of laws. For a year he read 
 law in the office of Hungerford & Cone, in Hartford, and 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^^. 
 
 
 LEWIS J, DUDLEY. 
 
 was admitted to the bar in 1848, but disliking the 
 pleadings of that time he gave up the law and opened 
 a classical school in Northampton, to prepare boys for 
 college. This institution was a great success, and dur- 
 ing its fourteen years of life received pupils from every 
 State in the Lhiion. During the war Mr. Dudley aided 
 greatly in the enlistment of soldiers, besides doing 
 much for their comfort in the field. In politics Mr. 
 Dudley is an independent Republican. In 1864 he 
 
 was elected to the 
 Massachusetts State 
 Senate and was made 
 a member of the State 
 Valuation Commit- 
 tee. In the years 
 1865, 1866 and 1867, 
 and again in 1873, 
 he was elected a 
 representative to the 
 General Court. Dur- 
 ing his tenure of 
 office in 1867, he 
 took a leading part 
 in securing a charter 
 for Clarke Institute, 
 which has been 
 brought to a high 
 state of e.xcellence, 
 since his election to 
 the presidency, in 
 1883. Mr. Dudley 
 was also largely in- 
 strumental in the 
 construction of the 
 Massachusetts Cen- 
 tral R a i 1 1 u a d to 
 Northampton, a n d 
 was a director of that 
 corporation for thir- 
 teen years. Mr. 
 Dudley was married, in May, 1851, to Theresa Hunt 
 Bates, daughter of the late Hon. Isaac C. Bates, of 
 Northampton, and a colleague of Daniel Webster in the 
 United States Senate. Two children have been born 
 to them, Theresa Bates, who died Sept. 20, 1853, and 
 Etta Theresa, the wife of Wallace Holbrook Krause, of 
 Boston. President Dudley's services in the cause of 
 deaf-mute education and in other fields have gained for 
 him a national reputation. 
 
WALTHAM is conceded to be one of the prettiest manufacturing cities in the Commonwealth. It is located 
 on the banks of the Charles River, ten miles from Boston, and the heart of the city is a plain surrounded 
 by a series of hills, of which Mt. Prospect is the largest and best known. The river divides the city into two parts, 
 connected with a series of bridges, making access to all parts of the city very easy. The river is itself a great 
 attraction, and, from the point known as the Moody Street bridge up as far as Newton Lower Falls, there is more 
 pleasure boating than can be found on any sheet of water in New England. It is visited by thousands of strangers 
 each summer. Steam launches, row-boats and canoes make a fleet of nearly eight hundred pleasure craft. The 
 streets are well taken care of, and the houses, of a superior class, are nearly all owned by the occupants. Main 
 Street, on the north side of the town, is the oldest main thoroughfare, and for this reason the buildings are not of 
 so imposing a character as those on Moody Street on the south side. A notable improvement has, however, been 
 made in the last few years by the erection of several new brick blocks. The water supply is the best in the State, 
 the reservoir being supplied by springs that were accidentally discovered while digging the filtering basin on the 
 north side of the river. The health of the city is excellent, and the recent completion of the Metro])olitan 
 sewerage system, which includes Waltham in its scope, will tend to decrease the death rate. 
 
 Waltham was incorporated as a town on Jan. 4, 1738, old style; by the modern calendar, Jan. 15, 1738. 
 Its history for the first century of its settlement is so blended with that of the parent town of Watertown that it is 
 difficult to separate the incidents of its existence at that period. Within its limits is the newly discovered city of 
 Norumbega, the site being marked by a stone tower erected by Professor Horsford, who claimed that it was 
 founded at the time of Leif Ericson's discovery of the New World. 
 
 Waltham's growth, owing to a combination of circumstances, the principal one being the lack of railroad 
 facilities, was of a slow nature until within the last twenty years. Since then there has been a great change, and 
 the prosperity of the city has been great, although not of a mushroom character. In 1884 the town was incorpo- 
 rated as a city, the charter being granted by the Legislature on June 2, and accepted by vote of the people in 
 July of that year. It was the first city in the Commonwealth to adopt a one-board form of local government. 
 The population, according to the last national census, was 18,533, and it is now over 20,000. 
 
 The schools of Waltham have always been kept up to a high standard of excellence ; the reason for its 
 separation from Watertown, of which it was once a portion, being because of the lack of school accommodations 
 in that section of the town. The schools now rank with the best in the State. The public library contains 18,000 
 volumes. Waltham depends upon its manufactures for its wealth, although on the north side of the town are 
 some magnificent farms and some estates used as country residences. The Waltham Watch Company is the 
 largest watch factory in the world, employing three thousand hands, with a daily output of three thousand complete 
 watch movements. The company has $3,000,000 of capital, and is very pros]ierous. The United States Watch 
 Company was incorporated in 1885, employs three hundred hands, and is now on a paying basis. 
 
 The cotton factory, the Boston Manufacturing Company, was the first cotton factory in the United States to 
 take the raw material and furnish a finished product. It was established in 1813, and it speaks volumes for the 
 management that there has never been a strike by the employees. A bleachery is connected with the mills. The 
 mills have a capacity of 100,000 yards of cloth per day, and the underwear department turns out 150,000 garments 
 per year. Other important manufactories include the Davis & Farnum Manufacturing Company, established in 
 1844, which have a capacity of melting thirty-five tons of metal per day; the \Valtham Emery Wheel Company; 
 the Waltham Gas and Electric Light Company ; the Judson L. Thompson Manufacturing Company, manufacturers 
 of metal buckles ; the American Watch Tool Comjiany and the Parmenter Crayon Company. There are also several 
 other small factories. 
 
WAL THAM. 
 
 447 
 
 GEORGE LOWELL MAYBERRY was born in 
 Edgartown, Mass., in 1859, and is a son of Dr. 
 Edwin and Leonora Mayberry. After leaving the public 
 schools of his native place he finished his preparation 
 for college under the instruction of his father, and 
 entered Harvard College in 1878. (Graduating from 
 college in 1882, he immediatelv began the study of law, 
 graduated from the law school of Boston University 
 in 1885, and was admitted to the bar in Boston the 
 same year. He im- 
 mediately began the 
 practice of law with 
 his brother-in-law, 
 Horatio N. A 11 in, 
 having offices in 
 Walthani and Boston, 
 and has continued 
 this arrangement to 
 the present time. 
 In 1887 he married 
 Mary A. Atchinson of 
 Jericho, Vt., and has 
 three children. Mr. 
 Mayberry's first pub- 
 lic office was that of 
 city solicitor of 
 Waltham, to which 
 he was elected in 
 
 1889. Having held 
 this office for two 
 years he resigned it 
 to accept the office 
 of mayor, to which 
 he was elected in 
 
 1890. He served 
 the city as mayor 
 during 1891 and 
 1892, and at the 
 close of his second 
 term declined to be 
 
 again a candidate on account of the increasing demands 
 of his law business, to which he has since given his 
 exclusive attention. Though a resident of Waltham 
 only since 1884, Mr. Mayberry has gained the confi- 
 dence of the people of his adopted city in a marked 
 degree. His rapid progress seems the more creditable 
 when it is known that he is naturally of a retiring dispo- 
 sition, and one who ever studiously avoids public notice. 
 Though a pronounced Republican in politics, he was 
 
 GEORGE L. MAYBERRY 
 
 elected to ofilice as a citizens' candidate, and his admin- 
 istration has been 'liberal and free from' partisanship. 
 While filling the oflfice of mayor, Mr. Mayberry has 
 shown himself a fitting representative of the vigorous 
 young city which had honored him. He kept himself 
 thoroughly in touch with the different departments of 
 the city, and his counsel was eagerly sought, and was 
 invaluable in promoting harmonious and efficient work. 
 He reorganized the police department, and brought 
 
 about changes in its 
 management which 
 greatly increased its 
 efficiency. He was 
 largely instrumental 
 in the establishment 
 of a thoroughly 
 equipped manual 
 training-school as a 
 part of the public- 
 school system of the 
 city. During his 
 administration the 
 city has completed 
 its system of sewer- 
 age, and through his 
 efforts important 
 changes have been 
 made in the laws of 
 the State relating to 
 sewers, giving greater 
 freedom of action to 
 the local authorities. 
 H e recommended 
 the adoption of the 
 public park act, and 
 the establishment of 
 a system of parks 
 and playgrounds for 
 the city, and ap- 
 pointed an able park 
 commission to carry out these views. He has also been 
 a conspicuous advocate of important changes in the 
 city charter, urging the reorganization of the executive 
 departments on a more business-like basis, and more in 
 accord with advanced thought on the problem of mu- 
 nicipal government. It is in the practice of his profes- 
 sion that Mr. Mayberry has laid the foundation for a 
 successful career. His work as a lawyer has extended 
 widely through all branches of civil business. 
 
448 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FM. STONE is the leading man in financial mat- 
 , ters in Waltham, and his oi)inion on any of the 
 questions of municipal expenditure is always sure to 
 carry a great deal of weight. He has won this distinc- 
 tion by his integrity and strict attention to business. 
 He stands above all things for invincible honesty. If 
 he gives his word the people have always felt that they 
 could trust him and that their faith would not be mis- 
 placed. It is this one characteristic that has placed 
 him where he is to- 
 day and enables him 
 to hold the esteem 
 of all of his fellow- 
 townsmen. He went 
 to Waltham and set- 
 tled there perma- 
 nently in September, 
 1844. The town was 
 at that time very 
 small, and the prac- 
 tice of a young 
 lawyer did not 
 amount to very much. 
 But as the town grew, 
 so did his esteem in 
 the minds of the peo- 
 ])le, and he acquired 
 interests outside of 
 the practice of law 
 that netted a fair 
 income. The people 
 commenced to look 
 to him for advice in 
 the management of 
 the town, and he was 
 soon the foremost 
 citizen in the place. 
 During the early part 
 of his life he was a 
 Democrat in politics, 
 
 but soon after the breaking out of the war he became, 
 as did many of the Northern Democrats at that time, a 
 Republican and continued to remain in the Republican 
 party until about ten or twelve years ago, when he openly 
 announced that the Republican ])arty was ceasing to 
 represent the best interest of the ]ieople of the United 
 States and came out for the Democratic nominees. 
 Although at that time he was taking no very active inter- 
 est in politics, his example carrietl a great deal of 
 
 influence and strengthened the Democratic party in the 
 town considerably. During the administration of 
 Buchanan, Mr. Stone was appointed postmaster of 
 Waltham, and during the war he held the office of 
 selectman for several terms. After the close of the 
 war he was elected to the State Legislature and served 
 several terms there with such satisfaction that he was 
 elected to the State Senate. After this he was a candi- 
 date for the nomination to Congress, but in this he was 
 
 unsuccessful, owing 
 probably to the fact 
 that Waltham at that 
 time did not exert 
 the influence in the 
 congressional district 
 that she does now. 
 He was made savings 
 bank commissioner, 
 and it was during his 
 administration and 
 due in great part to 
 this influence that 
 the savings banks and 
 the national banks 
 were compelled to 
 separate and do busi- 
 ness each on its own 
 basis. The experi- 
 e n c e that he had 
 gained as director 
 and president of the 
 Waltham National 
 Bank, and as director 
 of the savings bank, 
 led him to advocate 
 this measure. His 
 ability displayed in 
 the discharge of his 
 duties as bank com- 
 missioner attracted 
 the attention of Boston capitalists, and when the Boston 
 Safe Deposit and Trust Company was formed he was 
 asked to take the presidency of the institution, an office 
 which he still holds. He is also the president of the 
 Waltham National Bank and a director of the Waltham 
 Savings Bank. He married Klizabeth H. Pierce, the 
 daughter of a Nantucket school-master, and has two 
 children, Charles F. Stone, the treasurer of the Waltham 
 Savings Bank, and Walter, who is in business in the West. 
 
 F. M, STONE 
 
WAI.THAM. 
 
 449 
 
 NATHAN WARREN, who has been quite prominent 
 in political and insurance circles, was born in 
 VValtham, Mass., where he now resides, Feb. ii, 1838. 
 He is from old New England stock, his ancestors being 
 among the earliest settlers, — the Massachusetts Colony. 
 Educated in the public schools of his native town, he 
 intended to follow his studies with a view to professional 
 life, but decided upon a business career, entering at first 
 a wholesale dry goods house in Boston and afterwards 
 being located in New 
 York. In 1862 Mr. 
 Warren responded to 
 the call of his coun- 
 try, and enlisted in 
 the Forty-fifth Regi- 
 ment o f Massachu- 
 setts Volunteers, 
 known as the Cadet 
 Regiment, and 
 served honorably 
 during the period of 
 his enlistment. This 
 regiment was sta- 
 tioned in North 
 Carolina, and took 
 an active part in the 
 service of that State. 
 He afterwards was 
 in service in the De- 
 partment of the Gulf 
 and in the War De- 
 partment in Wash- 
 ington. At the close 
 of the war he r e- 
 turned to Boston and 
 re-entered business 
 life, engaging in the 
 shipping business, 
 mostly in connection 
 with trade with the 
 
 West Indies, South America and Africa. While thus 
 engaged he visited the last-named part of the world. 
 He has visited various countries in Europe. Fond of 
 travel also in our own country, he has in the interim of 
 business made quite extensive trips through the wild 
 regions of the Northwest and across the plains. For 
 over twenty years Mr. Warren has been identified with 
 the Boston agency of the Equitable Life Assurance 
 Society, and is at present resident secretary of that 
 
 NATHAN WARREN 
 
 institution. He is also president of the Boston Life 
 Underwriters' Association, and one of the directors and 
 treasurer of the Security Safe Deposit Company. In 
 1880 and 1 88 1 he represented Waltham in the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature and was chairman of the Committee 
 on Insurance. He was also a member of the Joint 
 Special Committee for the compilation of the present 
 code of public statutes. He was for two years master 
 of Monitor Lodge of Freemasons and for several years 
 
 chairman of the trus- 
 tees of the public 
 library of Waltham. 
 He has been an active 
 and public-spirited 
 citizen in whatever 
 has related to the 
 welfare of the com- 
 munity in which he 
 has lived. In politics 
 Mr. Warren has al- 
 ways been a Repub- 
 1 i c a n, steadfast in 
 principles and inter- 
 ested in having those 
 principles prevail. 
 He has been at times 
 chairman of Repub- 
 lican town commit- 
 tees, a member of the 
 Republican State 
 Central Committee, 
 chairman of his con- 
 gressional district 
 committee and has 
 held other positions 
 evincing his interest 
 in what he conscien- 
 tiously considers best 
 party politics. Stu- 
 dious in his habits, 
 ready with his pen, he has made many contributions to 
 the press and otherwise on various topics of interest. 
 Mr. Warren was one of the writers of the historical address 
 on the occasion of the sesquicentennial celebration of 
 U'altham, and the author of the historical sketch of 
 Waltham in the recently published history of Middlesex 
 County. He was married, in 1881, to Miss Charlotte E. 
 Bacon, of Springfield, and has two children, a son and a 
 daughter. 
 
450 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 FRANCIS BUTTRICK has been prominently iden- 
 tified with the business interests of Waltham for 
 upwards of half a century. In the real estate opera- 
 tions incident to a growing young New England town, 
 and in the ownership of homes and other buildings, 
 which are so intimately connected with the welfare of 
 the people and the prosperity of the place, he has been 
 one of the leading men. He is now by far the largest 
 real estate owner in the city. He has grown up with 
 the material devel- 
 opment of the place, 
 and is still active in 
 whatever pertains to 
 the management of 
 his property. Mr. 
 Buttrick was born in 
 Pepperell, Mass., in 
 1814, and removed 
 with his family to 
 Concord in 1828. 
 Here, after receiving 
 an education in the 
 public schools, he 
 learned the trade of 
 house carpenter with 
 his father, working 
 in that and surround- 
 ing towns as a jour- 
 neyman. He went 
 to Waltham in 1838, 
 where he continued 
 in the same occupa- 
 tion. In 1844 he 
 commenced business 
 on his own account 
 as a builder and em- 
 ployer. In 1857 he 
 bought a lumber yard, 
 planing and saw-mill 
 and box factory, and 
 
 entered into quite extensive operations in that line oi 
 business, giving up his occupation as a carpenter. He 
 has lately retired from active participation in his busi- 
 ness, which is now organized as the Buttrick Lumber 
 Company. Through his business as carpenter and 
 builder he became interested in real estate, mostly of 
 improved character, with buildings devoted to the wants 
 of a manufacturing and laboring community. From 
 small beginnings in this way he has, by good judgment 
 
 and sagacity, fair dealings and attention to his affairs, 
 ac([uired a possession of real estate, varied and valuable, 
 in different parts of the city. As a landlord and party 
 in interest in property held by others, Mr. Buttrick has 
 always been kind-hearted and disposed to assist those 
 who were inclined to assist themselves. He has helped 
 many to preserve their homes when, under a more exact- 
 ing man, they might not have been able to keep them. 
 As a citizen he has always taken an interest in the affairs 
 
 of the town and city, 
 and contributed his 
 advice and support 
 to all matters, public 
 and private, affecting 
 the welfare of the 
 community. In ma- 
 terial aid to the many 
 objects constantly 
 presenting them- 
 selves for indi\idual 
 assistance, he has be- 
 stowed his benefac- 
 tions willingly and 
 liberally. Mr. But- 
 trick has been for 
 many years a director 
 n the Waltham Na- 
 tional Bank, is presi- 
 dent of the Waltham 
 Music Hall Company 
 and a director in the 
 New England North- 
 western Investment 
 Company. He was 
 one of the promoters 
 and incorporators of 
 the Waltham Co-op- 
 erative Bank, and for 
 several years has been 
 its president. He 
 was a member of the Waltham Board of Selectmen for 
 several years, and was on the last board under the town 
 government. Mr. Buttrick is a man unassuming in life 
 and manner, and bears the burden of business easily 
 and quietly. He is considered one of the best author- 
 ities on real estate and financial matters in Waltham, 
 and on these matters his advice is often sought by his 
 fellow-citizens. In 1849 he was married to Miss 
 Augusta M. Farwell. 
 
 FRANCIS BUTTRICK 
 
WALTHAM. 
 
 45 1 
 
 IN the role of honcr containing the names of men 
 who have, by their influence, led to the develop- 
 ment of industries which have spread the name of Wal- 
 tham over the entire globe, none can outrank that of 
 Aaron L. Dennison, "the father of the American watch 
 industry," for it was his suggestions and influence which 
 brought to VValtham the germ of the present watch fac- 
 tory. Indeed, he was the master spirit in its commence- 
 ment, and up to the time of his retiring from the busi- 
 ness, in December, 
 1 86 1, he was the in- 
 spiring spirit of the 
 enterprise. He was 
 born in Freeport, 
 Me., in 1812. His 
 father was a shoe- 
 maker, and young 
 Dennison was 
 obliged to contribute 
 his mite to the in- 
 come of the family. 
 He commenced work 
 as a tender for a 
 mason, and worked 
 at odd hours with 
 his father as a shoe- 
 maker. At eighteen 
 years of age he was 
 apprenticed to a 
 clockmaker in Bruns- 
 wick, Me. In this 
 business Mr. Denni- 
 son's inventive fac- 
 ulties had full play. 
 He made great im- 
 provements in the 
 then crude system of 
 manufacture. .After 
 finishing his appren- 
 ticeship he went to 
 
 Boston and was employed by several well-known firms 
 in the watch and jewelry trade. Mr. Dennison very 
 early discovered the lack of system in the manufacture 
 of both the English and Swiss watches, and having 
 studied the system of gun and pistol manufacture, he 
 conceived the idea that by manufacturing in large quan- 
 tities and securing interchangeability of parts, watches 
 could be made much cheaper and better. This led him 
 to spend most of his evenings in studying the problem 
 
 AARON L. DENNISON 
 
 of the creation of an American watch industry. He 
 met with serious difficulty in securing capital, but in 
 1849 he met Edward Howard, then engaged in the 
 manufacture of clocks, post-office scales, standard 
 weights and measures, fire engines, sewing machines, 
 etc., and who at that time was considering the subject 
 of going into the manufacture of locomotives. Mr. 
 Dennison persuaded him to give up that project and 
 converted him to his project of watch making, .-^fter 
 
 securing the neces- 
 sary capital, they 
 organized the War- 
 ren Manufacturing 
 Company. The 
 present output is two 
 thousand watch 
 movements per day, 
 with a force of 
 twenty-eight h u n - 
 dred. Mr. D e n n i- 
 son's peculiar genius 
 lay in devising ways 
 /^j-£ and means. His 
 
 ±^M constant study of 
 
 ^H methods was such 
 
 ' that it has been said 
 
 that " nothing could 
 be proposed in watch 
 manufacture that 
 Mr. Dennison had 
 not already pro- 
 posed." The origi- 
 nal company formed 
 in Roxbury, through 
 Mr. Dennison's sug- 
 gestions arid influ- 
 ence, was brought to 
 Waltham in 1854, 
 and was the first and 
 only watch factory in 
 the world that has ever produced in its factory a com- 
 plete watch ready for the pocket, making cases, dials, 
 hands, jewels and hair springs. In 1850 there were 
 no watches manufactured in this country. In forty- 
 three years the business has developed so that the out- 
 put of the American watch industry is si.xty-five hundred 
 movements per day, and an equal number of cases are 
 made. Prices of medium grade watches have been 
 reduced from fifty dollars to twelve dollars. 
 
452 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 HENRY NOAH FISHER, the president and 
 treasurer of the New England Northwestern 
 Investment Company of Seattle, Wash., has lived in 
 Waltham the greater portion of his life, and has been 
 prominently identified with all measures to increase its 
 prosperity. He is the son of Noah and Esther (Page) 
 Fisher, and was born in Barton, Orleans County, Vt., 
 June 5, 1842. His father's family removed to Nashua, 
 N. H., when he was an infant, and his education was 
 obtained in the pub- 
 lic schools of that 
 city. When he was 
 young his father 
 died, and he was 
 early obliged to seek 
 an entrance into 
 mercantile life. He 
 commenced as a 
 clerk in a grocery 
 store in Nashua, and 
 in 1859 went to 
 Waltham, securing 
 employment in the 
 American Waltham 
 Watch Company. 
 He rose rapidly from 
 one position to an- 
 other, until he occu- 
 pied one of the most 
 important executive 
 offices in the com- 
 pany. When the 
 war broke out Mr. 
 Fisher enlisted in 
 Company D, Thirty- 
 fifth Massachusetts 
 Infantry, in July, 
 1862, and partici- 
 pated in the battles 
 of South Mountain 
 
 and Antietam. On the 17th of September, 1862, he 
 was wounded at Antietam, his right shoulder being 
 fractured by a shell. He was confined to the hospital 
 until March 4, 1863, when he received an honorable 
 discharge. Mr. Fisher is an honored member of the 
 Masonic fraternity, and has held high and important 
 offices in that institution. He is a past master of the 
 Isaac Parker Lodge, Free and .Accepted Masons, of 
 Waltham ; past high priest of Waltham Royal Arch Chap- 
 
 HENRY N. FISHER 
 
 ter ; a member of the De Molay Commandery, Knights 
 Templar, of Boston, Massachusetts Consistory, thirty- 
 second degree, and of Aleppo Temple, Order of the 
 Mystic Shrine. He is the past commander of F. P. H. 
 Rogers Post 29, Grand .^rmy of the Republic, Waltham. 
 He is a member of the Middlesex and Century clubs, 
 both of Boston, and was president of the Mayors' Club 
 in 1890 and 1891. When Waltham was incorporated 
 as a city, in 1885, he was elected to serve on the first 
 
 Board of Aldermen, 
 and was elected pres- 
 ident of the board. 
 He was re-elected in 
 1886 both to the 
 board and the presi- 
 dency of the same. 
 In 1887 he was 
 elected mayor on 
 the Re publican 
 ticket, and his ad- 
 ministration was so 
 acceptable that in 
 1888 he was re- 
 elected without an 
 opposing ticket. 
 His popularity did 
 not wane in the 
 least, and in 1889 
 and 1890 was for 
 a third and fourth 
 time elected to the 
 office of mayor, no 
 candidate being 
 nominated in oppo- 
 sition. On account 
 of his interests in 
 the New England 
 Northwestern 
 Investment Com- 
 pany he refused to 
 serve another term as mayor, and in April, 1890, re- 
 signed his position in the watch factory for the same 
 reason. He is largely interested in the American 
 Watch 'I'ool Company, a trustee in the Waltham Savings 
 Bank, is a member of the firm of James A. Davis & Co., 
 Boston, wholesale coal, coke and cement, and director 
 of the United Anthracite Collieries Company of Penn- 
 sylvania. He was married, .^ug. 17, 1876, to Joanna E. 
 Bradeen, of Limerick, Me. 
 
WALTHAM. 
 
 453 
 
 BRADSHAW S. TOLMAN was born in Waltham in 
 185 1, and has always made his home there. He 
 is the oldest son of John E. and Sarah F. Tolman, has 
 never married, and resides on the Tolman estate on 
 Moody Street. He was educated in the public schools 
 of his native city. When scarcely grown to manhood, 
 at the age of nineteen years, he was placed in the 
 responsible position of superintendent of the Waltham & 
 Newton Street Railway, which position he held for a 
 number of years. 
 His energetic efforts 
 did much to put that 
 corporation on a pay- 
 ing basis. Mr. Tol- 
 man was for many 
 years a member of the 
 Board of Assessors of 
 Waltham, where his 
 excellent judgment 
 of real estate values 
 and familiarity with 
 the property interests 
 of the city made his 
 services peculiarly 
 valuable. He is at 
 present chairman of 
 the Board of Sewer 
 Commissioners, 
 which has recently 
 finished a complete 
 system of sewerage, 
 extending through 
 thirty-five miles of 
 streets, embracing 
 the whole of the 
 thickly settled part of 
 the city, and forming 
 a branch of the great 
 metropolitan sewer- 
 age system now being 
 
 built by the State. He also holds the office of treasurer 
 of the Waltham Screw Company, in which he has a 
 considerable financial interest. Through his efforts 
 capitalists have become interested in the enterprise, 
 and another factory, situated on the banks of the 
 Charles River, has been added to the long list of indus- 
 tries for which Waltham is justly noted. For nearly 
 twenty years Mr. Tolman has been actively engaged in 
 the real estate business, and is himself a large owner 
 
 BRADSHAW S. TOLMAN 
 
 of real estate, and trustee and manager of several 
 important estates. No active business man in the city 
 has been more prominently identified with the real 
 estate interests of Waltham than he. He has placed on 
 the market more than one half of the land in that sec- 
 tion of the city known as the South Side, where are 
 located the factories of the American Waltham Watch 
 Company, the American Watch Tool Company, and 
 several other manufacturing companies. When Mr. 
 
 Tolman first went 
 into business nearly 
 all the land lying east 
 of Moody Street was 
 unimproved. He 
 took hold of the land 
 of the Newton Chem- 
 "%|^ ical Company and 
 
 ^^^ the Crafts, Cutter, 
 
 ^^H Stearns and Reed 
 
 ^^^^L estates, each contain- 
 
 ^^^^B taining large tracts in 
 
 I^^V this locality, and has 
 
 ^fm rapidly and success- 
 
 ^■^ fully developed them. 
 
 The growth of this 
 section has out- 
 stripped a 1 1 other 
 parts of the city and 
 has been almost phe- 
 nomenal. Where 
 there were but a few 
 vears ago large pas- 
 tures and fields cov- 
 ered with bushes 
 and shrubs, there are 
 now wide streets, 
 carefully laid out, and 
 lined with those sub 
 stantial and well- 
 built residence 
 which every citizen of Waltham is proud to point out 
 as the homes of its prosperous skilled mechanics. The 
 values of land in this section have increased more than 
 sixfold in the last eight years, and so rapidly has the 
 property been improved that at present few lots remain 
 available for building purposes. Mr. Tolman's business 
 interests have brought him into contact with so many 
 people that he may be said to be one of the best and 
 most favorablv known of the city's business men. 
 

 THE fame of Quincy granite is world-wide. Quincy to-day is a bright star in the galaxy of Massachusetts 
 municipalities. For the first century and a half of the country's history, dating from the landing of the 
 Pilgrims, Quincy was an integral part of Braintree. In 1792 Quincy (the north precinct) became a town. In 
 1888 the town became a city with a somewhat unique and peculiar charter. The city government is divided into 
 two branches, the legislative and executive. The legislative branch consists of a city council, composed of twenty- 
 three members ; three from each ward and five at large. The executive department consists of the mayor and the 
 various officials, all of whom are appointed by him and for whom he is responsible. The appointing power is 
 vested in the mayor exclusively, and is not subject to the approval of or the interference of the council. The heads 
 of departments through their chief, the mayor, recommend to the council such measures as are demanded by their 
 departments. The council through its committees investigates and proposes such legislation as it deems proper. 
 The heads of departments consist of city clerk, treasurer, commissioner of public works, solicitor, chief engineer 
 of the fire department, deputy manager of police, overseer of the poor and assessors. 
 
 The history of Quincy is intimately interwoven with that of the nation. The (^uincys, Adamses, Hancocks, 
 Reveres, and other well-known men have given her a widespread reputation in which her citizens take a just pride. 
 Within her precincts re])ose the remains of two presidents of the I'nion, John Adams and John (Quincy Adams. 
 Their descendants to-day are the leaders in thought and in high-minded, ennoblmg statesmanship. 
 
 With a population of over twenty thousand, which is rapidly increasing in numbers, the city has bright 
 prospects. The chief industry and the one which has given the city a universal fame is the granite industry. In 
 this, the largest granite manufacturing centre of the world, employment is given to two thousand sober, intelligent, 
 industrious mechanics. The granite from her quarries may be found in every portion of this country and many 
 parts of the- globe. The city enjoys every mo'dern convenience — electric cars which connect all sections of her 
 domains ; electric lights ; an ample water supply ; a model city charter, and an industrious, thriving, sober, intelli- 
 gent citizenship. For ten years she has been rid of the liquor curse, and the prohibition banner has been her 
 standard. During the decade 1880-90, the city had a wonderful growth. In the matter of building there was a 
 gain of one thousand and thirteen houses, and it has rapidly increased in the past two years. 
 
 With a water front of .many miles, it is not surprising that the Quincy Yacht Club should be one of the 
 most prosperous in the State. In educational matters Quincy has always been in the van, and the Quincy system, 
 so styled, inaugurated by General Francis A. Walker in 1875, has acquired a wide reputation and has been exten- 
 sively imitated. The city has some of the finest school buildings in the country, and spends large sums annually in 
 support of her schools. 
 
 Quincy draws a large portion of her citizenship from the business men of Boston, who make their homes 
 within her borders and spend their leisure hours within her bounds. The residences of Quincy's business popula- 
 tion will compare favorably with those of any other municipality in tasteful design and finish and attractive 
 surroundings, .'^mong the buildings of interest are the " Stone Temple," the house of worship of the First Unita- 
 rian parish, within whose walls are entombed the two presidents ; the two ancient Adams houses, the birthplace 
 and home of the two rulers; the City Hall, built of (Quincy granite; the Willard schoolhouse, costing ^100,000 ; 
 Faxon Hall, a perpetiuil monument to the efforts of that indomitable fighter of the liquor interests, Mr. Henry H. 
 Faxon ; Adams's Block, erected by the .-^dams family ; Durgin & Merrill Block ; Robertson Block ; Adams Academy ; 
 the Old Hancock House ; the Episcopal Church ; the WoUaston Unitarian Church, and Atlantic Music Hall. 
 
 The statistics of 1891 were as follows : polls, 5,160; increase, 519 ; value of personal property, S2, 973, 100 ; 
 resident bank stock, $295,805 ; gain, $59,695; real estate buildings, $5,490,725; land, §5,667,400; total, Sii,- 
 158,125; gain, $689,925; total real estate and personal valuation, $14,427,030 ; total gain, $749,620; houses, 
 2)935 > gain, 169. Two national banks, a savings bank and two co-operative banks make uj) the city's financial 
 institutions, 
 
QUINCY. 
 
 455 
 
 IN Hon. Henry O. Fairbanks the city of Quincy has 
 had a wide-awake, progressive mayor, the past two 
 years. He was born in Boston, June 21, 1852, and is 
 consequently in his forty-first year. He was the son of 
 Mr. Moses Fairbanks, a former well-known Boston mer- 
 chant, and one of the first to interest themselves in the 
 building and development of WoUaston in Quincy, one 
 of Boston's most beautiful suburbs. Mayor Fairbanks 
 spent his earlier years in the Athens of .'\merica, and 
 received his educa- 
 tion in her schools. 
 Completing his stud- 
 ies in 1869, when he 
 graduated from the 
 English High School, 
 he began his business 
 career. He first en- 
 tered the office of 
 Messrs. Nazro & Co., 
 flour dealers of Bos- 
 ton, and during his 
 twelve years' associa- 
 tion with that well- 
 known firm, applied 
 himself so assidu- 
 ously to acquiring a 
 knowledge of the 
 business that, in 
 1881, he felt that his 
 experience justified 
 him in starting in 
 business for himself. 
 His judgment proved 
 correct, and he has 
 succeeded by dint of 
 pluck, perseverance 
 and superior ability 
 in es tabl ishing a 
 lucrative trade. He 
 is at present the 
 
 eastern agent for several well-known Western flour mills, 
 and has an office at No. 78 Commercial Street, Boston. 
 Mayor Fairbanks first became a citizen of Quincy in 
 1875, when he removed with his family to Wollaston, a 
 then comparatively new territory, in which his father, 
 Moses Fairbanks, took a deep interest. For the past 
 seventeen years he has been recognized as among the 
 social leaders of Wollaston, and is a general favorite 
 in social circles. He is a prominent member of the 
 
 Masonic fraternity and Knights of Honor. He is a 
 past master in the former and a past dictator in the 
 latter order. He has been honored with a commission 
 as district deputy grand master of the Twenty-fourth 
 Masonic District, which position he filled with great 
 satisfaction to the lodges in his charge. He first became 
 prominent in politics in 1888, when the town of Quincy 
 adopted a charter, and was elected from Ward Five, 
 Wollaston, to the first City Council. He was re-elected 
 
 in the following year, 
 and when the City 
 Council organized in 
 1890 he was selected 
 by its members to 
 preside over its de- 
 liberations. This 
 position he filled in 
 so acceptable a man- 
 ner, and with such 
 marked ability, that 
 he was selected as 
 the Republican 
 standard - bearer in 
 the campaign of that 
 year, and was elected 
 as the chief execu- 
 tive of the young 
 and thriving city by 
 a handsome majority. 
 He was again a can- 
 didate for like honors 
 in I 8 9 I , and was 
 again elected by a 
 flattering vote. Dur- 
 ing the two years of 
 service in the rnuni- 
 cipal harness Mayor 
 Fairbanks has proved 
 a popular and able 
 executive, and has 
 been notably fortunate in his appointments to the 
 various municipal offices. During his administration 
 he has been called upon to decide matters of vast 
 moment to the city, particularly the purchase of the 
 Quincy Water Supply Company's plant and franchise, 
 and in all of them he has displayed his characteristic 
 business ability and a thorough appreciation of the 
 various needs of the municipality. Mayor Fairbanks is 
 married, and has a charming home. 
 
 HENRY 0. FAIRBANKS, 
 
456 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 PROBABLY the best-known unofficial leader in 
 Massachusetts politics to-day is Mr. Henry 
 Hardwick Faxon, the Quincy philanthropist and zealous 
 worker for temperance legislation. Henry Hardwick 
 Faxon, son of Job and Judith B. (Hardwick) Faxon, 
 was born in Quincy, Mass., Sept. 28, 1823. He is de- 
 scended in the eighth generation from Thomas Faxon, 
 who came from England to America before 1647, set- 
 tling in that part of Braintree which is now Quincy. 
 Henry passed his 
 youth on his father's 
 farm, enjoying com- 
 mon school advan- 
 tages. He was ap- 
 prenticed to the 
 shoemaker's trade 
 when about sixteen, 
 and in 1843, with his 
 brother John, began 
 the manufacture of 
 boots and shoes. 
 About 1846 he 
 opened a retail gro- 
 cery and provision 
 store in (Quincy, 
 which he conducted 
 for seven years, after 
 which he became a 
 retail grocer at the 
 corner of South and 
 lieach streets, Bos- 
 ton, the firm name 
 being Faxon, Wood 
 ilv: Co. Two years 
 later he moved to 
 Commercial Street, 
 changing the title to 
 Faxon Bros. & Co., 
 and the business to 
 one of wholesale 
 
 transactions. In 1861, retiring from the partnership, 
 he went to New Orleans and made large purchases of 
 molasses. The next year he engaged in speculation on 
 Chatham Street, Boston, and subsequently on India 
 Wharf. Relinquishing speculation, he dealt extensively 
 in real estate, making in this the bulk of his fortune, 
 and is now the largest individual real estate owner in 
 (Quincy. He married, Nov. 18, 1852, Mary B., daughter 
 of Israel W. and Priscilla L. (Burbank) Munroe. Mrs. 
 
 HENRY H, FAXON 
 
 Faxon died, Sept. 6, 1885, leaving one son, Henry 
 Munroe, born May 22, 1864. Mr. Faxon represented 
 his native town in the State Legislatures of 1864 and 
 187 1. His attention was first attracted to the temper- 
 ance question while a member of that body. He was 
 a police officer in Quincy from 1881 to 1886, inclusive, 
 and was re-appointed by Mayor Porter in 1889. His 
 church connections are with the Unitarian society. Mr. 
 Faxon's political affiliations in the past have been with 
 
 the Republican party, 
 except in 1884, when 
 he was Prohibition 
 candidate for lieu- 
 tenant-governor. 
 The extent of Mr. 
 Faxon's influence in 
 State politics was well 
 illustrated in 1879. 
 Thomas Talbot was 
 governor, and Gen- 
 eral Butler loomed 
 up as an opposition 
 candidate. Governor 
 Talbot's friends 
 urged him to accept 
 a re-nomination. Mr. 
 Faxon's coolness and 
 shrewdness led him 
 to see inevitable de- 
 feat. He made sug- 
 gestions so full of 
 potency that His 
 Excellency thought 
 it prudent to decline 
 to again head the 
 State ticket. The 
 contest narrowed to 
 Hon. Henry L. Pierce 
 and Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor John D. Long. 
 The former had influence and wealth and was a favorite 
 with the party's "older heads" and its leading news- 
 papers. Mr. Faxon called a convention of temperance 
 men of the State. Mr. Pierce favored license, while 
 Mr. Long was sound on prohibition. The occasion was 
 one of great enthusiasm. Mr. Long's candidacy was 
 given an impetus that made his success in the conven- 
 tion a certainty. He was nominated on the first ballot, 
 and handsomely elected over General Butler. 
 
QUINCY. 
 
 457 
 
 THE traditions of a remarkable family are worthily 
 upheld in the person of the present Josiah Quincy, 
 of Quincy. Though only thirty-three years of age, he has 
 already given ample proof of his ability as a legislator 
 as well as a capacity for executive responsibility which 
 is not often met with in a man of his years. Josiah 
 Quincy is a member of the famous Ouincy family, and 
 was born in the city which bears his name, Oct. 15, 
 1859, and was educated at the Adams Academy, later 
 entering Harvard 
 College, from which 
 he graduated in the 
 class of 1880. He 
 studied law at the 
 Harvard Law School, 
 and was admitted to 
 the Suffolk bar in 
 1883. In 1887 Mr. 
 Quincy was elected 
 a member of the 
 Massachusetts L.egis- 
 1 a t u r e, being re- 
 elected in 1888, 
 1889 and 189 I. 
 The break in his 
 legislative career 
 in the year 1890 
 was caused by h i s 
 selection as the 
 Democratic candi- 
 date for Congress in 
 h i s district. Th e 
 district was heavily 
 Republican and Mr. 
 Quincy was defeated. 
 During his terms in 
 the Legislature, he 
 served with distinc- 
 tion on the commit- 
 tees on Labor, 
 
 Woman Suffrage, Rules, t^lection Laws and Taxation, 
 and took an active part in the perfection of the Austra- 
 lian ballot law. He also acted as a member of the 
 Special Committee on Child Labor, on which he did 
 good service. Mr. Quincy's influence has been felt in 
 securing some of the most important reforms which 
 have been incorporated into the statutes of Massachu- 
 setts within the past few years. He early manifested an 
 aptitude for politics, and in 1881 was elected secretary 
 
 JOSIAH QUINCY, 
 
 of the Massachusetts Civil Service Reform League, two 
 years later being elected secretary of the Massachusetts 
 Tariff Reform League. He was one of the founders 
 and first chairman of the executive committee of the 
 Young Men's Democratic Club of Massachusetts, an 
 organization which has done much hard work in behalf 
 of the Democratic party in the State. Mr. Quincy was 
 chosen secretary of the Democratic State Committee in 
 1890 and chairman of its executive committee in 1891, 
 
 and he was elected 
 to the chairmanship 
 of the committee in 
 1892, on the resig- 
 nation of Judge 
 Corcoran. At the 
 Democratic National 
 Convention, held at 
 Chicago in J u n e, 
 1892, Mr. Quincy 
 was selected as the 
 Massachusetts mem- 
 ber of the D e m o- 
 cr a ti c National 
 Committee. His 
 colleagues on the 
 committee r e c o g- 
 nized his practical 
 ability by placing him 
 in charge of the com- 
 mittee on campaign 
 literature, in which 
 capacity he had much 
 to do with the con- 
 duct of the cam- 
 paign of 1892. Mr. 
 Quincy is cool, cal- 
 culating and wonder- 
 fully practical in all 
 his movements, logi- 
 cal in his speeches, 
 which always bristle with facts, arguments and statistics, 
 but according to those who are his intimate acquaint- 
 ances, his cold exterior is no index to the kindly nature 
 of which he is possessed. Few Democrats in New 
 England, of the younger generation, have performed 
 such effective service for the cause of tariff reform, his 
 efforts in this direction, equally with his other political 
 services, having gained for him a national reputation 
 and the esteem of the party leaders at Washington. 
 
458 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THEOPHILUS KING, banker, organizer and man 
 of affairs, was born in Rochester, Plymouth 
 County, Dec. 14, 1844. He attended the public school, 
 and afterwards the Rochester Academy, until he was 
 sixteen years of age. He had the advantage of quite a 
 varied experience in affairs, for his father's business was 
 somewhat heterogeneous. He owned a farm, kept a 
 country store, conducted a saw-mill, was town clerk, 
 postmaster, justice of the peace and fire insurance 
 agent. Theophilus 
 assisted his father in 
 some of the depart- 
 ments of his busi- 
 ness, but it was on 
 the farm that he 
 found his special 
 pleasure, in tilling 
 that portion that his 
 father had set aside 
 for his use. He 
 managed to save in 
 the first year of his 
 farming #2.50, with 
 which he started an 
 account at the sav- 
 ings bank, seven 
 miles away. This 
 had increased to 
 S231.20 when he 
 was sixteen, with 
 which sum he left 
 home to engage in 
 the leather business, 
 as clerk with the 
 fi r m of Johnson & 
 Thompson. At this 
 time he developed 
 great fondness for 
 athletic sports, so he 
 made one of a unique 
 
 base-ball organization called the "Early Dawns," which 
 practised on Boston Common from five to seven o'clock 
 every morning. Mr. King played on first base, and 
 showed the same prowess there that has distmguished 
 his business life. After nearly eight years as clerk and 
 salesman, during which time he travelled over a large 
 part of the country, Mr. King formed a partnership with 
 Charles B. Bryant, under the firm name of Bryant i<: 
 King, and they started business on the corner of Pearl 
 
 THEOPHILUS KING 
 
 and Purchase streets. The Boston fire compelled their 
 removal to South Street. A tannery at Clinton had in 
 the meantime been added to the business. The burst- 
 ing of a dam in 1876 swept away in a few moments this 
 monument of years of patient industry and business 
 endeavor. Nothing daunted, and making a satisfactory 
 arrangement with their creditors, the firm started a tan- 
 nery at Woburn, and at the end of six years, having 
 recovered by law part of the property destroyed, the 
 
 firm had paid every 
 creditor in full on 
 claims long since 
 cancelled. Success 
 attended the firm 
 until 1887, when a 
 period of depression 
 set in, and the busi- 
 ness was transferred 
 to a company. Mr. 
 King has been called 
 upon to act as as- 
 signee, trustee and 
 receiver, and has 
 since turned his at- 
 tention to banking. 
 His success is shown 
 in the fact that he is 
 now president of the 
 National Cranite 
 Bank of Quincy, and 
 vice-president of the 
 National Bank of 
 Redemption of Bos- 
 ton. He was instru- 
 mental in bringing 
 about the incorpora- 
 tion, and becoming 
 treasurer, of the Riv- 
 erside Worsted Mills, 
 Atlantic Mills, and 
 Eureka Silk Company, representing an aggregate capital 
 of ^3,126,000, furnishing employment 104,500 people, 
 and doing an annual business of over §7,000,000. As 
 trustee, Mr. King has had control of one of the largest 
 cotton mills in Canada, and has brought about the 
 incorporation of the seven colored cotton mills of the 
 Dominion. Mr. King is trustee of several estates, and 
 a director in other institutions. He takes an active 
 interest in church and temperance work. 
 
QUINCY. 
 
 459 
 
 QUINCY granite leads the world, and McDonnell & 
 Sons, of Quincy, are the leaders in the granite 
 industry of America. Mr. Thomas H. McDonnell, of 
 this firm, is the active head of the concern. He was 
 born in Quincy, Aug. i8, 1848, and attended the schools 
 of his native place, subsequently taking a thorough busi- 
 ness course at Comer's Commercial College. Upon 
 completing his studies he associated himself, with his 
 father, the late Patrick McDonnell, in the granite busi- 
 ness with his brother, 
 John Q. Under 
 their able and judi- 
 cious management 
 the name of McDon- 
 nell & Sons has ac- 
 quired a national 
 reputation, not alone 
 for the excellence of 
 the work produced 
 by them, but for 
 their integrity and 
 s (J u a r e dealing. 
 They now own 
 twenty acres of the 
 best quarry land in 
 (Quincy, as well as 
 an extensive quarry 
 of fine light granite 
 at Barre, Vt, Be- 
 sides the quarries, 
 the equipment of 
 steam engines, drills 
 and other appropri- 
 ate machinery for 
 operating them, i s 
 very complete and 
 effective, and some 
 of it, specially con- 
 structed for the use 
 of the firm, quite 
 
 costly, yet necessary, since McDonnell & Sons, in addi- 
 tion to their monument interests, do more in finished 
 and building granite than any other Quincy firm. One 
 of their derricks alone is capable of removing a one 
 hundred ton block at a single lift, and thirty thousand 
 feet of lumber is annually consumed in boxing goods 
 for shipment. Nearly two hundred workmen are 
 employed, and it requires eight thousand dollars a 
 month to pay for the labor at the quarries and the 
 
 THOMAS H. McDonnell. 
 
 yards. In addition to the extensive works at Quincy 
 and Barre, they have three yards at Buffalo, N. Y., viz. : 
 Main Street, Pine Hill Branch and the Limestone Hill 
 Granite Company at West Seneca, and also offices at 
 Indianapolis, Ind., and Albany, N. Y. They recon- 
 structed the Soldiers' Monument at Buffalo, a most 
 difficult and delicate undertaking, and were highly com- 
 plimented by the committee for the thorough manner 
 in which the work was done. Their more noted pro- 
 ductions include the 
 Blocher canopy at 
 ^^^ Buffalo, costing 
 
 ipB| twenty-five thousand 
 
 dollars ; General 
 George B. McClel- 
 lan's monument, at 
 Trenton, N. J. ; the 
 C. W . Mackey family 
 monument, at Frank- 
 lin, Pa. ; the Shoe- 
 maker monument, at 
 Spring Grove, Cin- 
 cinnati ; the Seventy- 
 seventh Regiment 
 Monument, at Sara- 
 toga, while nearly 
 every cemetery of 
 note in the country 
 contains specimens 
 of their superb work- 
 m an s h i p. They 
 were the first firm 
 in Quincy to intro- 
 duce the American 
 Pneumatic _ Tool 
 Company's apparatus 
 for carving and cut- 
 ting stone, to super- 
 sede hand labor, Mr. 
 McDonnell being a 
 large stockholder in the company. He was one of the 
 promoters of the Quincy & Boston Electric Railway, 
 and has been a director since its incorporation ; he 
 was also one of the originators of the Security Live 
 Stock Insurance Company of Boston, and has been its 
 president since it was formed. In 1892 Mr. McDonnell, 
 accompanied by Re\'. T. J. Danahy, enjoyed a European 
 trip, and while in Rome they were accorded the rare 
 privilege of a private audience with Pope Leo XIII. 
 
THE city of Lawrence is twenty-six miles north of Boston and twenty-three from the mouth of the Merrimack 
 River. It ranks to-day as one of the most flourishing manufacturing cities in New England. Early in 1843, 
 Daniel Saunders conceived the idea of building a dam across the Merrimack River, and two years later the desired 
 privilege was granted by the Legislature. The first stone of the dam was laid Sept. 19, 1845, and the total cost of 
 the structure was $525,773.36. Canals have been built on both sides of the river, and furnish water power for 
 all the mills and smaller industrial establishments located on the banks. The Bay State, now the Washington, 
 mills were organized in 1845, with a capital of Si, 000,000, which has since been increased to $2,500,000. The 
 same year the Atlantic Cotton mills were incorporated, w'ith a capital of §2,000,000. Early in 1853 the Pacific 
 mills were built, and later two others, known as the Central and Lower Pacific mills, with a capital of 52,500,000. 
 The mill of the Lawrence Duck Company was built in 1853. In the same year the old Pemberton mill building 
 was erected, which fell on the afternoon of Jan. 10, 1861, burying in its ruins six hundred persons, of whom eighty- 
 seven were killed outright, forty-three others severely injured, and two disabled for life. The mills were promptly 
 rebuilt, and are doing a flourishing business. In many respects the Arlington mills have proved a greater success 
 than any of the others in the city. They were incorporated in 1865, with an original capital of $200,000, in a 
 wooden structure, which was totally destroyed by fire the following year. The plant since built is valued at 
 $2,300,000. 
 
 Besides the above there are nearly forty other manufacturing establishments, valued at over $13,670,000 in 
 all, which with other ta.xable property in the city in 1892 was valued at $32,527,937. In all, one hundred and 
 forty-three standard mill-powers, or eleven thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine gross horse-power, are developed 
 by the dam spanning the Merrimack River, of which one hundred and thirty and one half are sold, and the remain- 
 ing twelve and one half mill-powers will be granted appurtenant to some one thousand feet of canal frontage, 
 which is unoccupied in South Lawrence. 
 
 There are five lines of railroads centering in Lawrence, with eighty-four trains arriving or departing daily. 
 The total capital of the local national banks is $1,125,000, while the deposits in the savings banks exceed $7,500,- 
 000, mainly the earnings of the mill operatives or mechanics. 
 
 The city is supplied with two reservoirs, with a capacity of forty-one million gallons of water; lighted 
 entirely throughout the streets, avenues and parks by electricity. There are twenty-nine churches, twenty-one 
 school-houses, and a public library containing thirty-three thousand volumes. The fire department is admitted to 
 be as efficient as any in New England, the insurance rates being lower than in any other city in Massachusetts. 
 During the year 1893 the tracks of the Merrimack \'alley Street Railroad are to be extended so as to connect with 
 those in Lowell, Haverhill and Newburyport. 
 
 The mill operatives and laboring classes, which form the mass of the population, are generally reliable, 
 efficient and but little inclined to resort to strikes. There is little disturbance of the relations between employers 
 and employees. 
 
 Lawrence is one of the shire towns in Essex County, girt around with hills, free from any taint of malaria, 
 with wide streets, and from a comparatively recent birth has grown with remarkable rapidity. An armory for the 
 use of the two local military organizations was completed in 1892, its cost being upwards of Sioo,ooo. In short, 
 there are but few places in New England which afford so good an opening for additional manufacturing enter- 
 prises, owing to the unsurpassed water supply, excellent railroad facilities, and favorable atmospheric conditions. 
 The population of Lawrence is about 50,000. 
 
LA WRENCE. 
 
 461 
 
 HENRY PLUMMER DOE is one of the best- 
 known and influential men of Lawrence, in 
 whicli city he has passed nearly all his life, and by it 
 been honored with the highest gift in its possession, — 
 that of mayor, which office he is filling the present year 
 (1892). Born in October, 1841, in the little town of 
 Methuen, Mass., he attended the public schools of that 
 town, and afterwards the schools of Lawrence. When 
 twenty years of age he went to Boston and secured 
 employment in a 
 jewelry firm. For 
 six years he re- 
 mained in the store, , 
 and acquired a thor- , 
 ough knowledge of 
 the business. He 
 then returned to 
 Lawrence, and estab- 
 lished himself in the 
 business which he 
 has since carried on 
 with eminent suc- 
 cess. His jewelry 
 store is conceded to 
 be the finest in the 
 city. Mr. Doe is 
 married, and has one 
 daughter. He re- 
 sides at 336 Haver- 
 hill Street. He is a 
 prominent member 
 and attendant at the 
 Universalist Church. 
 In politics he is a 
 stanch Democrat, 
 and has served his 
 party with distinc- 
 tion. He made his 
 entrance into public 
 life in 1872, being 
 
 elected to the Common Council from Ward Three, and 
 he did good service on several important committees. 
 His natural enthusiasm drew him so far into public 
 matters, and he performed whatever he undertook with 
 such thoroughness, that he found the duties of the office 
 took too much of his time, and he declined a re-election. 
 Several times during succeeding years he was earnestly 
 solicited to allow his name to be used, but all these 
 offers were declined until 1881, when he acceded to the 
 
 HENRY P. DOE 
 
 great pressure brought to bear upon him, and became a 
 candidate for the Board of Aldermen for Ward Four. 
 His competitor on the Republican ticket was a member 
 of the Board of Aldermen, and was considered an almost 
 invincible candidate, but when the votes were cast and 
 counted on election day, it was found that the people 
 had elected Mr. Doe with a plurality rising one thousand 
 over his opponent. He served the term with credit to 
 himself and the city, and gained a good insight into 
 
 municipal methods. 
 His party tendered 
 him a unanimous re- 
 nomination the fol- 
 lowing year, but 
 again Mr. Doe found 
 himself compelled to 
 decline the honor. 
 In I 89 I he con- 
 sented to become 
 the candidate of his 
 party for mayor, and 
 was elected by a 
 handsome vote. 
 H i s administration 
 was vigorous, pro- 
 gressive and able, 
 and another term 
 was offered him, but 
 following his previous 
 policy, he retired 
 after serving one 
 year. Mayor Doe is 
 a director in a num- 
 ber of the financial 
 and charitable insti- 
 tutions of Law-rence. 
 He is popular in so- 
 ciety. He is a prom- 
 i n e n t and active 
 m ember of many 
 secret and fraternal societies, among which are Adelphic 
 Lodge, Knights of Honor ; Monadnock Lodge, Inde- 
 pendent Order of Udd Fellows ; Security Lodge, Knights 
 and Ladies of Honor ; Lawrence Council, Royal Arca- 
 num ; the Order of United Friends, and the New Eng- 
 land Order of Protection. Being a liberal Democrat, 
 and not a strict partisan, Mayor Doe has hosts of 
 friends in both political parties, and received many 
 Republican votes in the municipal contest. 
 
462 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 AMONG the active and public-spirited citizens of 
 Lawrence, there are but few who have done more 
 than John K. Norwood to promote the prosperity of the 
 city, where he has resided more than thirty-three years. 
 From a comparatively humble start in a business career, 
 he has succeeded in building up the largest insurance 
 agency in the city. Mr. Norwood was born in East- 
 port, Me., Aug. 6, 1837, and after the death of his 
 father, which occurred in 1858, he contributed for many 
 years to the support 
 of the family. Go- 
 ing to Lawrence, he 
 went into the insur- 
 ance business, taking 
 the agency at first of 
 the Citizens' Mutual 
 of Boston and of the 
 Merrimack Mutual of 
 .-Xndover. At the 
 present time, how- 
 ever, he is the Law- 
 rence agent for the 
 following stock com- 
 panics : .Etna of 
 Hartford, Home of 
 New York, Fire Asso- 
 ciation of Philadel- 
 phia, North British 
 and Mercantile o f 
 England, Williams- 
 burg City of New 
 York, Merchants of 
 Newark, Phcenix of 
 London, Westchester 
 of New York, Han- 
 over of New York, 
 American of Newark, 
 Girard of Philadel- 
 phia, Ll^nited Fire- 
 men's of Philadel- 
 phia, Providence-Washington of Providence, Caledonian 
 of Scotland ; also of these mutual companies ; The 
 Merrimack of Andover, Traders and Mechanics of 
 Lowell, Worcester of Worcester, Quincy of Boston, 
 Merchants and Farmers of Worcester, Lowell of Lowell, 
 Cambridge of Cambridge, Dedham of Dedham, Nor- 
 folk of Dedham, Dorchester of Dedham, Citizens of 
 Boston, Fitchburg of Fitchburg, Travellers' Accident 
 of Hartford, Connecticut Mutual Life of Hartford. 
 
 JOHN K, NORWOOD 
 
 During the war Mr. Norwood enlisted in the Ninth 
 Massachusetts Battery, and was severely wounded at 
 Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. The following justly deserved 
 tribute has been paid him by Major Bigelow : " When 
 I joined the battery, I brought a colored servant with 
 me, who, a few days after reaching camp was pros- 
 trated with a fever. For a week the boy lay insensible 
 from the effects of the fever ; and yet Mr. Norwood 
 tenderly watched over and cared for him. At Gettys- 
 burg, his horse's 
 head was shot away 
 by a canon ball. He 
 freed himself, cut 
 the dead animal 
 loose, and then 
 coolly mounted an- 
 other, which in turn 
 was soon shot, as 
 were all the others 
 attached to his gun. 
 He then joined the 
 only person left on 
 his gun unhurt, and 
 remained figh t ing 
 until he himself was 
 well-nigh fatally 
 wounded." Mr. Nor- 
 wood was president 
 of the Board of 
 Trade two years, 
 and made herculean 
 efforts to inspire 
 energy in the citizens 
 to the end of pro- 
 m o t i n g the pros- 
 jjerity of the city. 
 He joined the Law- 
 rence fire depart- 
 ment in 1858, and is 
 presidentof the 
 Lawrence Veteran Firemen's Association. Besides 
 these, he is an active member of the Old Residents' 
 Association, Home Club, Pine Tree State Club, Need- 
 ham Post 39, Grand Army of the Repubhc, Ninth 
 Massachusetts Battery Association and the Gettysburg 
 Pilgrim Club. He is married, and has two children. 
 Although a Republican of the more conservative type, 
 he has been frequently mentioned as a candidate for 
 the highest municipal office by men of all parties. 
 
LA WKENCE. 
 
 463 
 
 ALEXANDER BERN BRUCE, the youngest mayor 
 LawTence has ever had, has been three times 
 elected to that high office. Higher honors still would 
 have been bestowed upon him, if he could ha\e been 
 induced to accept them. His popularity is not confined 
 to the limits of the city which he has so faithfully sened, 
 but extends thoughout the congressional district. From 
 his boyhood Mr. Bruce has displayed a remarkably alert 
 and self-reliant disposition, which has stimulated him to 
 self culture and suc- 
 cess. He is emphat- 
 ically a self-made 
 man. He was born 
 in Brechin, Scotland, 
 Sept. 17, 1853, and 
 at an early age came 
 to this country with 
 his parents. They 
 were residents of 
 Andover, where he 
 lived until reaching 
 the age of fifteen 
 years. He then went 
 to Lawrence and se- 
 cured a position as 
 workman in the bak- 
 ery of the late Jona- 
 than P. Kent. Com- 
 mencing at the foot 
 of the ladder, he rose 
 to the upper round 
 before working there 
 six years, being pro- 
 moted to the position 
 of foreman of the es- 
 tablishment. After 
 Mr. Kent's death 
 Mr. Bruce managed 
 the business affairs 
 until 1 88 1, when he 
 
 purchased an interest in the concern, which until Feb. 
 3, 1 89 1, was known by the firm name of Kent & Bruce. 
 On the latter date Mr. Bruce, became the sole proprietor of 
 the largely-increased plant, which is with one exception 
 the largest cracker and biscuit bakery in New England, 
 throughout which the excellent quality of its products are 
 well known. At the time of the Johnstown disaster, as 
 quickly as news was received that assistance was needed, 
 Mr. Bruce secured a large-sized freight car, and filling it 
 
 f 
 
 ALEXANDER B. BRUCE 
 
 with the best brand of crackers and other goods manu- 
 factured by his firm, he shipped it as quickly as possible 
 to the mayor of Johnstown as a gift from his firm. Few 
 persons blessed with an abundance of worldly wealth 
 have given more liberally to the poor in every worthy 
 cause, and the inmates of charitable institutions have on 
 many occasions been made glad through his generosity. 
 He is a member of se\eral of the leading secret and 
 social organizations, and in several of them has been 
 
 honored with the 
 highest offices. Dur- 
 ing his political ca- 
 reer Mr. Bruce won 
 additional laurels 
 ■ each successive year. 
 
 He was elected an 
 alderman from \Vard 
 Five in 1884, and 
 mayor of Lawrence 
 in 1886-87. During 
 h i s administration 
 the LTnion Street 
 bridge, an iron 
 structure, costing 
 $65,000, was built, 
 and it was largely 
 due to his persistent 
 efforts by appealing 
 to the higher courts, 
 that the city was 
 relieved of paying 
 the sum of $25,000, 
 which was originally 
 assessed on it, and 
 that sum was pro- 
 vided for by the 
 other towns in the 
 county. The new 
 protective wagon and 
 other apparatus of 
 the fire dei>artment were purchased under his adminis- 
 tration. Mr. Bruce is president of the Lawrence Board 
 of Trade, director of the Lawrence National Bank, 
 trustee of the Wildey Savings Bank of Boston, director 
 of the Lowell, Lawrence & Haverhill Railroad, and a 
 director of the New England North Western Invest- 
 ment Company. He is also a director of the Odd 
 Fellows' Hall Association. Mayor Bruce is popular with 
 men of all parties. 
 
464 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 w 
 
 iJOR GEORGE S. MERRILL was born in 
 Methuen, Mass., March 10, 1837. He learned 
 the printer's trade in the Lawrence American office, of 
 which he became part proprietor in 1856. In early life 
 he took an interest in public affairs and earnestly es- 
 poused the cause of the Republican party. He has 
 advocated its principles for more than thirty-five years, 
 and during nearly all that period he has been sole editor 
 and proprietor of the only Republican newspaper in 
 Lawrence. He has 
 filled numerous offi- 
 cial positions since 
 1 86 1, having been [ 
 
 appointed postmas- j 
 
 ter in that year, and 
 remaining twenty- ' 
 
 four years in the ' 
 
 office. During his 
 administration, 
 mainly through his 
 persistent efforts, a 
 new post-office build- 
 ing was provided, of 
 greatly increased 
 capacity, the carrier 
 system enlarged, and 
 much-needed mail 
 accommodations 
 provided. Being an 
 able public speaker, 
 his voice was fre- 
 quently heard on the 
 platform during the 
 political campaigns 
 until within a few 
 years, and he has de- 
 livered numerous Me- 
 morial Day addresses 
 in various parts of 
 New England since 
 
 the organization of the Grand Army. Major Merrill was 
 a member of the Common Council in 1859-61, and again 
 in 1865-66, when he served as president of that branch 
 of the city government. He assisted in raising Com- 
 pany B of the Fourth Massachusetts Regiment, of which 
 he was commissioned first lieutenant and was soon after 
 promoted to the captaincy, serving eleven months with 
 General Banks in Louisiana, from Sept. 18, 1862, to 
 August, 1863. To enter the service he tendered his 
 
 resignation as postmaster, but this was declined and 
 leave of absence granted by the post-office department. 
 From 1866 to 1S69 he was adjutant of the Sixth Regi- 
 ment, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, which position 
 he resigned to accept the commission of captain of the 
 Fourth Light Battery, serving in that capacity four years. 
 Two years later, when the militia was reorganized, he 
 was commissioned major of the First Battalion of Light 
 Artillery, which office he has since filled. Major Merrill 
 
 is one of the past 
 commanders of 
 Needham Post 39, 
 Grand Army of the 
 Republic, of L a w- 
 rence. He was 
 State commander in 
 1875 and national 
 commander of the 
 Grand Army of the 
 Republic in i 88 i, 
 and has held several 
 offices in the Military 
 Order of the Loyal 
 Legion. He was sec- 
 retary of the Massa- 
 chusetts Republican 
 State Central Com- 
 mittee from 1869 to 
 1877, and president 
 of the Massachusetts 
 Press Club from 
 1869 to 1878. He 
 is a member of the 
 Masonic fraternity 
 and also of the First 
 Baptist Church of 
 Lawrence, the Home 
 Club and several 
 political organiza- 
 tions. He has been 
 State insurance commissioner since 1888, and has ren- 
 dered valuable public service in causing the suspension 
 of numerous irresponsible insurance organizations, which 
 had robbed the people of the State of hundreds of 
 thousands of dollars. Major Merrill disposed of his 
 interest in the Lawrence American in 1892. He was 
 married in Concord, N. H., Dec. 29, 1855, to Sarah J. 
 Weston. Of this union are two children, — Winfield G. 
 and Genevieve Merrill (now Mrs. Magee). 
 
 GEORGE S. MERRILL. 
 
LA WKENCE. 
 
 465 
 
 JAMES R. SIMPSON is the only one of the many 
 ex-mayors of Lawrence who has held the highest 
 municipal ofifice four terms. He was born in Canada in 
 1832, and his early years were passed on a farm. Dur- 
 ing the winter months he was frequently compelled to 
 walk six miles daily over unbroken roads to attend 
 school. When fifteen years of age he graduated from 
 the Stanstead Academy, and then for four years he 
 taught a country school. At the age of nineteen, he 
 came to Boston and 
 secured a position in 
 a furniture store. 
 Later, he worked in 
 one of the mills in 
 Lowell, and in the 
 ])rint works at Man- 
 chester, N. H. Here 
 he rose to the posi- 
 tion of o\ erseer and 
 remained there till 
 the works were de- 
 stroyed by fire. In 
 the spring of 1853 he 
 went to Lawrence 
 and after working for 
 the Pacific and 
 Atlantic mills entered 
 the employ of Shat- 
 tuck Brothers, gro- 
 cers. He subse- 
 quently formed a 
 copartnership w i t h 
 .Mfred A. Lamprey, 
 now president of the 
 Lawrence Lumber 
 Company, and for 
 twenty years they 
 conducted the gro- 
 cery business under 
 the fi r m name of 
 
 A. A. Lamprey & Co. In 1S78 Mr. Simpson purchased 
 Mr. Lamprey's interest in the firm, and has since carried 
 on the business alone, assisted by his son, James E. 
 Simpson. The latter is a graduate of the Massachusetts 
 Institute of Technology. Mr. Simpson has been inter- 
 ested in various business enterprises. He was one of 
 the most active promoters of the erection of the Mer- 
 chants' National Bank Building and the L^nited Order 
 of Pilgrim Fathers' Building, two of the finest structures 
 
 JAMES R. SIMPSON 
 
 on the main business street. He also owns much other 
 valuable property in the city. iSIr. Simpson is president 
 and director of the Merchants' Bank, which, during the 
 four years of its existence, has done a larger business 
 than any other bank in Lawrence. Mr. Simpson's 
 political career has been distinguished by the uniform 
 favor with which he has been received when a candi- 
 date for public office. He served as a member of the 
 Common Council in 1863, but took no part in political 
 
 matters again until 
 1878, when he was 
 elected mayor. He 
 was re-elected the 
 succeeding two years. 
 He was again chosen 
 to the same office in 
 1 885, and at the close 
 of that year he de- 
 clined a re-nomina- 
 tion. Since then, 
 ii o w e \' e r , he has 
 served as trustee of 
 the water loan sink- 
 ing fund, but has 
 uniformly declined 
 to accept other posi- 
 tions tendered him. 
 He is president of 
 the Pilgrim Fathers' 
 Hall Association, 
 Past Master of Gre- 
 cian Lodge of Ma- 
 sons, and has been 
 elected for twenty- 
 six consecutive years 
 its treasurers he is a 
 member of Mount 
 Sinai Royal Arch 
 Chapter and Beth- 
 any Commandery, 
 Knights Templar. Mr. Simpson has been for many years 
 one of the most active members of the Lawrence Board 
 of Trade. As private citizen, as business man and as 
 public official, Mr. Simpson has acquired a personal 
 popularity which has stood the test of time, and his 
 career has been marked by a strict integrity which has 
 gained for him the confidence and esteem of his fellow- 
 citizens, to whom he has repeatedly rendered such valu- 
 able public service. 
 
466 
 
 A/ASSAC/7USETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WILLIAM S. JEWEIT was born in St. George, 
 New Brunswick, Marcli lo, 1862, and though 
 yet a young man of thirty-one years, he has ably admin- 
 istered the affairs of three national banks as their presi- 
 dent. His father, residing temporarily in New Brunswick, 
 returned to the United States, and to Massachusetts again 
 in 1865, and thus from his third year, Mr. Jewett has 
 made the city of Lawrence, in that State, his home. He 
 attended the public schools and took a partial course in the 
 high school. Leav- 
 ingschool,he worked 
 for his father in the 
 house furnishing 
 business and for 
 ten years devoted 
 himself wholly to 
 this line of trade. 
 In 1888 he began 
 banking. He studied 
 the business thor- 
 oughly and was care- 
 ful, aggressive and a 
 tireless worker. 
 These ijualities 
 shaped his career. 
 He became a direc- 
 tor and subseiiuently 
 president of the 
 Essex National Bank 
 in Haverhill, Mass., 
 when the deposits 
 of the bank amounted 
 only to f if ty-nine 
 thousand dollars. 
 After a year and a 
 half the deposits, 
 under his manage- 
 ment, increased to 
 four hundred thous- 
 and dollars. In 
 
 1890 he founded the Arlington National Bank of Law- 
 rence and became its president. This position he 
 resigned in 1891 to become vice-president and acting 
 president of the National Pemberton Bank of Lawrence, 
 next to the oldest institution in the city, and than which 
 none was more prosperous. It had an invested capital 
 of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, undivided 
 profits of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and 
 deposits of over four hundred thousand dollars. He 
 
 later became president of this bank and retained this 
 position until the bank was consolidated with the 
 Arlington, which he had founded three years before. 
 Mr. Jewett has been a busy man even outside the bank- 
 ing business. His most important business stroke in this 
 particular was his purchase in June, 1892, of the entire 
 plant of the Lawrence American, the leading news- 
 paper of the city. He formed a stock company, and 
 the paper is now being conducted more successfully 
 
 than ever before. It 
 is Republican in pol- 
 itics, circulating 
 among a population 
 in I>awrence and sur- 
 rounding towns, of 
 over sixty thousand 
 inhabitants, and is a 
 successful and influ- 
 ential journal. P e r- 
 sonally, as well as in 
 business relations, 
 Mr. Jewett is a most 
 agreeable m an to 
 meet. He has in 
 his business r e 1 a - 
 tions the sharp, de- 
 cisive way of arriving 
 at conclusions that 
 stamp men of execu- 
 tive ability, but when 
 no business cares op- 
 press him, he is a 
 most agreeable com- 
 panion. He is mar- 
 ried and has two 
 children. He at- 
 tends Grace Episco- 
 pal Church. Mr. 
 Jewett's banking ex- 
 perience has ex- 
 tended over a few years only, but it has been full of 
 brilliant successes and marks him as one of the ablest 
 financiers of the city. The secret of his success lies in 
 the fact that he thoroughly mastered all the details as 
 well as the principles of the business, and that all his 
 transactions ha\e been characterized by the strictest 
 integrity. His record as the successful president of 
 three national banks is one to which but few men of his 
 years can point and is an earnest of a brilliant career. 
 
 WILLIAM S. JEWETT. 
 
SOMERVILLE, one of Boston's bed-chambers, is built on seven liills, three miles from the capitol. Although 
 it celebrated its semi-centennial as a town June 17, 1892, its life has the respectability of antiquity. Its 
 early history is closely identified with the events which made the record of colonial times, and it points with 
 pride to many landmarks of national interest. The title of the original site came from Chief Webcowit of the 
 Pawtucket Indians, and his queen, Squa Sachem. The very first hostile demonstration made by the British in the 
 Revolution was the voyage up Mystic river from Boston to Ten Hills Farm, landing at a wharf, the decaying 
 timbers of which can still be seen. The objective point was the famous old Powder House, still standing, from 
 which they took two hundred and fifty casks of powder belonging to the towns of the vicinity. Somerville was 
 included at that time with the present district of Charlestown, under the latter name. After Bunker Hill the 
 retreating Americans threw up hasty fortifications on Winter and Prospect Hills, where, during the siege which 
 followed, the Union flag, consisting of thirteen stripes, was first unfurled in the face of the foe Jan. i, 1776. 
 
 During the second period of her history, which ended with her incorporation as a town in 1842, six events 
 stand out as having a direct influence on her niaturer life. The first is the completion, in 1808, of the Middlesex 
 Canal between Boston and Concord, N. H., the first one of any considerable length in the country, which passed 
 through the town's northern boundaries, where its course may still be traced. The second event was the estab- 
 lishment of the McLean Asylum for the Insane, in 1818, by the Massachusetts General Hospital Corporation. It 
 still exists. It took its name in 1826 from John McLean, who gave to it nearly $100,000. June 25, 1835, saw the 
 opening of the Lowell Railroad. After many years two stations were designated within the town limits. The 
 fourth event in this period was the founding of the cemetery on Somenille Avenue in 1808. Within its unlovely 
 fence rest the ashes of some of Somerville's brave sons who died on Southern battlefields. The one blot on the 
 fair record of the State which Somerville might wish to efface, is the burning, in 1834, of the Ursuline Convent on 
 Mt. Benedict by an angry mob. It had been established by the Order of St. Ursula seven years before. 
 
 In 1828 the people living in the northern part of Charlestown, "outside the Neck," made the first step 
 towards separation, by petitioning for an act of incorporation as the town of Warren. The given reasons were 
 dissatisfaction with the expenditure of taxes for improvements which did not benefit them, and distant school- 
 houses. They were given leave to withdraw. 
 
 In 1842 the town of Somerville was formally incorporated, the result of a petition having one hundred and 
 fifty-two signers. Active in the passage of the bill was Charles E. Oilman, for forty-six years town and city 
 clerk, a man whose name is to-day one of Somerville's proudest and tenderest memories. The public property 
 of the new-fledged town was worth altogether §6,655, and its i)opulation was 1,103. Under its town charter the little 
 village grew symmetrically, blossoming out into greater intelligence and deeper religious life. In the " time that 
 tried men's souls " she gave of her money and her men, and liberally of both. .AH the improvements that mark a 
 town's growth to the stature of a city were added as needed. In 1871 she found that her sons numbered sufficient 
 to make her a city, and Jan. i, 1872, she became the city of Somerville. 
 
 The city is essentially a residential one, though not without its business life. Its schools have ever been its 
 chiefest pride, known the Commonwealth over, both for their work and for their many distinguished teachers. 
 The several departments of the city are models of their kind, and a new hospital has just been completed which 
 the people are proud of. The population shown by the last census was 40,152, a gain of 15,119 in ten years. 
 Building is going on continually, and edifices rise almost in a night. Somerville is still growing ; but it is in 
 the lives of her citizens that she finds her best and fullest life. The list of those to whom she owes her prosperity 
 is a long and honored one, through which she reaches into the "large places" of state and national life. 
 
468 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 GEORGP: ANSON BRUCE, an eminent lawyer of 
 great ability, has been mayor of Someville and 
 president of the Massachusetts Senate. He is the son 
 of Nathaniel and Lucy (Butterfield) Bruce. He was 
 born in Mount \'ernon, Hillsborough County, N. H., 
 Nov. 19, 1839. His early education and his prepara- 
 tion for college were obtained at the Appleton Academy, 
 Mount Vernon, and he was graduated from Dartmouth 
 College in the class of 1861. The law engaged his 
 attention and he 
 immediately began 
 its study. But the 
 cause of the Union 
 was a greater cause, 
 and in 1862 he en- 
 tered the service of 
 the Union Army as 
 first lieutenant of 
 the Thirteenth New 
 Hampshire \'olun- 
 teers. His promo- 
 tion was rapid. He 
 served as aid, judge- 
 advocate, inspector 
 and assistant adju- 
 tant-general on staff 
 duty. His service 
 extended throughout 
 the war, and July 3, 
 1865, he was mus- 
 tered out of service. 
 He was honored by 
 three distinct brevet 
 promotions. Th e 
 first was for service 
 at Petersburg, in 
 1864; the second, 
 that of major, for 
 gallant service at the 
 capture of Fort Har- 
 rison the same year; and the third, that of lieutenant- 
 colonel, for distinguished services in connection with 
 the capture of Richmond, April 3, 1865. When Mr. 
 Bruce returned to civil life, he again entered into the 
 study of his chosen profession in Lowell, but still kept 
 his residence at Mount Vernon. In i856 he was 
 elected as representative to the New Hampshire Legis- 
 lature. This was peculiarly creditable to his standing 
 in the community, as he was the first and only Republi- 
 
 GEORGE A. BRUCE. 
 
 can ever elected from that district. In October, 1866, 
 he was admitted to the bar in Lowell, and the next 
 year he began the practice of his jirofession in Boston. 
 He has there attained an honorable place among the 
 leaders of the legal fraternity, securing a large clientele 
 and a lucrative practice. He went to Somerville in 
 1874, and the same year he was appointed associate 
 justice of the police court. He was a member of the 
 Board of .Aldermen in 1876, and was mayor of the city 
 
 during the years 
 1877, 1880 and 
 1881. In 1882, 1883 
 and 1884, he repre- 
 sented his city in the 
 State Senate, being 
 chairman of the 
 Hoosac Tunnel Com- 
 mittee and a mem- 
 ber of the commit- 
 tees on Military Af- 
 fairs and Constitu- 
 tional .'Amendments. 
 The latter year he 
 was president of the 
 Senate. He was one 
 of the most wiilely 
 known and most \>o\i- 
 ular of the members 
 of the Legislature 
 during his service 
 there, as he was one 
 of the most able. 
 Since his retirement 
 from active political 
 life, he has given his 
 time and talents to 
 many of the impor- 
 tant cases coming 
 before the Legisla- 
 ture from year to 
 year. His long experience as a member of the General 
 Court and his wide acquaintance with ptiblic men make 
 him a dreaded antagonist and a very successful advo- 
 cate, and he has the reputation of rarely losing a case. 
 During his administration of the municipal affairs of 
 Somerville, which ga\ e imboiinded satisfaction to the 
 citizens, manv im])ortant public improvements were 
 inaugurated and carried out. In 1870 Mr. Bruce was 
 married in Groton to Clara M. Hall. 
 
SOMER VfLLE. 
 
 469 
 
 THE Boston & Maine Railroad, with its various 
 divisions and tiie connections which it controls, 
 is one of the great railway systems not alone of New 
 England but of the country, and the story of its growth 
 would be the story of the growth of a great part of New 
 England north of Boston. Daniel W. Sanborn is the 
 general superintendent of the Boston & Maine Railroad 
 system, and as he has been in the railroad business for 
 more than thirty-three years, he has a wide acquaint- 
 ance among railroad 
 and business men 
 throughout New 
 England, and is one 
 of the prominent fig- 
 ures in the Massa- 
 chusetts of to-day. 
 He was born at 
 Wakefield, N. H., 
 was educated in the 
 public schools of his 
 native town and at 
 the Wakefield Acad- 
 emy, learned ship 
 c a r [5 e n t r y and 
 worked at the trade 
 until May, 1859, 
 when he entered the 
 railroad service at 
 Portsmouth, N. H., 
 and was employed at 
 the Eastern Railroad 
 station there until 
 August, 1863. The 
 next two years he 
 was a brakeman on 
 a passenger train 
 running between 
 Portsmouth and 
 Portland. From 
 1864 until 1 87 1 he 
 
 was conductor of a passenger train on the same route ; 
 in 1871 and 1872 his "run" was from Portland to Bos- 
 ton; and from 1872 until 1879, between Boston and 
 Bangor. In the latter year he was appointed master of 
 transportation of the Eastern Railroad. This position 
 he filled with great credit to himself, and to the perfect 
 satisfaction of the company, until the Eastern was leased 
 to the Boston &: Maine, when he was made superintend- 
 ent of the Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine, 
 
 DANIEL W. SANBORN. 
 
 holding this office until July i, 1890. He was then 
 appointed superintendent of the Southern Division (the 
 old Boston & Lowell, which had been leased by the 
 Boston & Maine) of this great system. After the death 
 of James T. Furber, general manager of the Boston & 
 Maine, the position of general superintendent of the 
 system was created, and Mr. Sanborn, in February, 
 1892, was invited by the directors to accept it. Mr. 
 Sanborn has been highly successful in all the responsible 
 
 positions he has 
 held, and enjoys a 
 great personal popu- 
 larity among railroad 
 men in general. He 
 was at one time 
 president of the 
 American Railroad 
 .Superintendents' As- 
 sociation. His 
 brother, John W., 
 who was formerly su- 
 perintendent of the 
 Northern Division of 
 the Boston & Maine, 
 has been, since the 
 death of Mr. Furber, 
 acting general man- 
 ager of the system. 
 Mr. Sanborn is a 
 member of Soley 
 Lodge, F. and A. M., 
 of Somerville, and 
 S t r a w b e r r )■ Bank 
 I", n c a m p m e n t , 
 1.0. (). F., of Ports- 
 — ■' mouth, N. -H. In 
 1856 he was married 
 to Miss Lucy M. 
 Lydston, of E 1 i o t. 
 Me. Two children 
 have been added to the family, — a daughter and a son. 
 The latter, Fred E., is a passenger conductor on the 
 Maine Central Railroad, and runs between Portland and 
 Bar Harbor. Mr. Sanborn's daughter is the wife of 
 James M. French, ticket agent of the Boston & Maine 
 in Boston. Every one of the thousands of employees on 
 the Boston & Maine system feels that, as long as he 
 does his duty, he has a warm friend in the general 
 superintendent. Mr. Sanborn's home is in Somerville. 
 
470 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EDWARD GLINES has been closely and continually 
 identified with the history of Somerville since it 
 became a city, and has played no small part in State 
 politics. Born in Somerville, Aug. 31, 1849, his father, 
 Jacob T., was a direct descendant of Israel Glines, one 
 of the settlers of Falmouth in 1630. He graduated from 
 the high school in 1869, and was first employed in a 
 fancy grocery store in Charlestown, where he stayed but 
 a few months. His next venture was an express line, 
 which he ran for two 
 years between Bos- 
 ton and Somerville. 
 In 1872, he entered 
 his father's coffee 
 importing and roast- 
 ing establishment in 
 Boston, as clerk. 
 He gradually reached 
 the head of the busi- 
 ness, which he n o w 
 owns, becoming i n 
 1880, his father's suc- 
 cessor. H i s politi- 
 cal ability was early 
 apparent, and his 
 first ofhce was t h e 
 chairmanship of the 
 Republican City 
 Committee. Follow- 
 ing that office, came 
 his election to the 
 Common Council in 
 1878, and his re-elec- 
 tion, as its president 
 the next year. Here- 
 fused the aldermanic 
 nomination, but 
 was elected to the 
 Massachusetts House 
 o f Representatives 
 
 in 1882. In this house were Congressmen O'Neil, 
 Andrew, Cogswell, Hayden, and Allen. The next year 
 he was re-elected to the House in the face of vigorous 
 and prolonged opposition. He was a member of the 
 Committee on Street Railroads. Two years as a mem- 
 ber of the executive and financial committees of the 
 State Central Committee followed, and in 1886 he was 
 elected to the State Senate. He served on important 
 committees as follows : Railroads, Labor, Public Health, 
 
 EDWARD GLINES 
 
 Roads, and Bridges (chairman), Expediting Business 
 (chairman). In this session he made his famous speech 
 on the temperance question, raising a storm about his 
 ears. But he was re-elected to the Senate, serving as 
 chairman of the Railroad Committee, chairman of the 
 Committee on Federal Elections, and chairman of the 
 Committee on Expediting Business. As chairman of 
 the Railroad Committee, he reported and advocated 
 the passage of two important bills — the consolidation of 
 
 the Old Colony with 
 the Providence, and 
 the roads forming 
 the present Boston 
 and Maine system. 
 He has the remarka- 
 ble record of never 
 having lost a bill 
 reported from h i s 
 committee. Since 
 his retirement from 
 the Senate in 1888, 
 his only political 
 honors have been as 
 a delegate to the 
 Republican National 
 Convention in 
 Minneapolis, in 1892, 
 and presidential 
 elector on the Re- 
 publican ticket i n 
 1892. He has always 
 been connected with 
 all enterprises to 
 benefit the commu- 
 nity, and foremost in 
 chari t ab 1 e works. 
 He was interested 
 in the formation of 
 the Somerville Cen- 
 tral Club, was a for- 
 mer member of the Somerville Webcowit Club, is a life 
 member of the Somerville Improvement Society and is 
 now a member of the Winter Hill Club of Somerville, 
 and the Central, Middlesex, New England, and Taylor 
 clubs of Boston, and the Society of the Sons of the 
 Revolution. He has held offices in the Odd Fellows 
 and Knights of Honor, and is a Mason, Knights 
 Templar degree. He was married in 1872, and has no 
 children. 
 
SOMERVILLE. 
 
 47 i 
 
 JOHN HASKELL BUTLER is widely known as a 
 lawyer of great ability, and a man who stands 
 high in the councils of charitable and fraternal organi- 
 zations. He was born in Middleton x^ug. 31, 1841, 
 being the son of John and Mary J. (Barker) Butler of 
 that town. He was educated in the schools of Groton 
 and Shirley, fitting for college at the Lawrence Academy 
 in Groton. Yale is his alma mater, and he was gradu- 
 ated with the class of 1863, bearing high honors. Aiter 
 h i s graduation h e 
 served in the United 
 States Navy, and 
 then entered the law 
 office of John Q. A. 
 Griffin and William 
 S. Stearns of Charles- 
 town, and after two 
 years of reading was 
 admitted to the bar 
 in 1 868. That same 
 year he formed a 
 co-partnership with 
 William S. Stearns 
 for the transaction 
 of legal business, 
 and the firm of 
 Stearns & Butler is 
 to-day one of the 
 best known in Bos- 
 ton. He went to 
 Somerville in 1870, 
 and served on the 
 School Committee 
 there for twelve 
 years, from 1876. 
 In 1880 Mr. Butler 
 was elected a mem- 
 ber of the lower 
 branch of the State 
 Legislature, and the 
 
 following year was re-elected. He was elected a mem- 
 ber of the executive council from the third district in 
 1884 by the Legislature to fill a vacancy caused by the 
 death of Hon. Charles R. McLean. His service in this 
 capacity was such as to re-elect him, and he represented 
 the same district in the council in 1885 and 1886. In 
 all charitable schemes he is an influential worker, and 
 is recognized as such in Somerville and elsewhere. For 
 two years, from 1883 to 1885, he held a position which 
 
 JOHN H. BUTLER 
 
 few men have the honor of attaining — Supreme Regent 
 of the Royal Arcanum. He is now chairman of the 
 Committee on Laws of that order. In 1 887-1 888 he 
 filled the office of supreme representative of the Knights 
 of Honor. At the present time he is advisory counsel 
 of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, Ancient Ortler 
 of LTnited Workmen. He is also chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Laws of that body. In the fraternal and 
 social order of the Home Circle he has been a power, 
 
 holding many offices 
 in the gift of its 
 members, and he is 
 now its supreme 
 treasurer. His abil- 
 ity as a financier is 
 indicated by his 
 appointment as re- 
 ceiver of the Suffolk 
 Trust Company. For 
 two years he was 
 president of the Na- 
 tional Fraternal Con- 
 gress, being also the 
 e.xecuti\e officer of 
 the Eastern Associ- 
 ates for three years. 
 He holds member- 
 ship in the following 
 organizations : Soley 
 Lodge, Free and Ac- 
 cepted Masons ; 
 Boston Lodge, Inde- 
 pendent Order of 
 Odd Fellows ; Bay 
 State Council, A. L. 
 H. ; Webcoivit Club, 
 Excelsior Council, 
 Royal Arcanum : Mt. 
 Benedict Lodge, 
 Knights of Honor ; 
 Bacon Lodge, Ancient Order of ITnited \\'orkmen ; 
 L"ni\ersity Club of Boston ; Somerville Council, Home 
 Circle, and New England Commercial Travellers' Asso- 
 ciation, of which latter he is general counsel. Jan. i, 
 1870, Mr. Butler married Laura L., daughter of Jabez 
 B. and Mary Bull, in Pottstown, Penn. They have one 
 son, John Lawton Butler. There are few men whose 
 activities cover a wider range than is shown in the 
 career of Mr. Butler. 
 
472 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JOHN HAICIH is one of Somerville's best-known 
 business men. He is part owner of the Middle- 
 sex Bleachery and Dye Works, which is one of the 
 largest industries in Somerville, and a high degree 
 Mason. He was born in Dukinfield, Cheshire, England, 
 Dec. 31, 1832, and is the son of George and Hannah 
 (Parkinfield) Haigh. He obtained his early knowl- 
 edge of books in the grammar schools of his native 
 town. \\'hen he was seventeen years of age he was 
 apprenticed to the 
 trade of calico 
 printer, which trade 
 is to-day the founda- 
 tion of his success. 
 He left the land of 
 his birth and came 
 to America in 1855, 
 and in the early part 
 of the next year, 
 1856, he became en- 
 gaged with the 
 Pacific Mills at Law- 
 rence. After eigh- 
 teen years of service 
 with that firm, he 
 severed his connec- 
 tion with them in 
 1873. This was to 
 enable him to take 
 charge of the print- 
 ing department of 
 the Middlesex 
 Bleachery and Dye 
 Works, of which he 
 has since become 
 half owner. April 
 12, 1859, Mr. Haigh 
 was married in Per- 
 kins, Me., to Lucy 
 Jane, daughter of 
 
 Captain Redford D. and Jane Bowker Talhnan. Mr. 
 Haigh has always been associated with the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, not as a connnunirant Init as a 
 thorough believer in its governmental policy, l^ilieral 
 always, and charitable towards others of different 
 denominational views, he has been a strong suii|.)orter 
 of his special choice, and generous in church contribu- 
 tions, whether for local or missionary interests, and this 
 liberality has kept full pace with his increasing means. 
 
 JOHN HAIGH 
 
 He has long been an enthusiastic member and worthy 
 exemplar of the Masonic fraternity, which he joined in 
 I-awrence in 1859. He has been master of two lodges, 
 and by regular election has been at the head of chap- 
 ter, council and commandery. In the Grand Chapter 
 he has held the office of district deputy, grand high 
 priest and deputy grand high priest. He held the 
 latter position in 1878. For several years he was grand 
 recorder of the Grand Council of Royal and Select 
 
 Masters, and from 
 this he was elected 
 most illustrious 
 grand master, which 
 position he filled for 
 three years, consec- 
 utively. In 1883 
 he was elected grand 
 conductor of the 
 General Grand 
 Council, Royal and 
 Select Masters of the 
 United States, for 
 three years. He is 
 the representative of 
 grand bodies in 
 chapter, council and 
 commandery organi- 
 zations, and is an 
 active member of 
 the Supreme Coun- 
 cil of the United 
 States in the Ancient 
 Accepted Scottish 
 Rite. He is also 
 past most puissant 
 sovereign grand 
 commander of that 
 body. Mr. Haigh 
 has recently com- 
 pleted, at Somerville, 
 one of the most beautiful residences in the city. There 
 he has a private library which is, perhaps, the richest in 
 choice masonic literature of any in New England. He 
 has acquired no small fame as a collector, and his cab- 
 inets contain many rare coins, medals and articles of 
 vertu of all sorts that are characteristic of the intelli- 
 gent study of the collector. He is a connoisseur in 
 numismatics, and has rare artistic taste, which his means 
 fortunately enable him to gratify. 
 
SOMERVILLE. 
 
 473 
 
 JOHN MEDINA is a native of the Azores Islands, 
 where he was born Oct. 23, 1837, being the son of 
 John and Marianne (Silva) Medina. He came to the 
 United States in 1851, and here it was that he finished 
 his education, entering the pubhc schools of the city of 
 Lawrence, Mass., where he took up his residence. 
 Although his attendance at school in this country was 
 very limited, he rapidly acquired a knowledge of the 
 English language, and when he left the presence of 
 teachers he began 
 his career, which 
 stands to-day as that 
 of a self-made man 
 in the strict interpre- 
 tation of that phrase. 
 In his youth he took 
 up and thoroughly 
 learned the trade of 
 a hair - dresser and 
 manufacturer of hair 
 goods, and being a 
 natural artist he early 
 showed marked evi- 
 dences of future suc- 
 cess in this calling. 
 At the age of seven- 
 teen he bought out 
 the then well-known 
 house of Monsieur 
 ChebasoU, of 1 .aw- 
 rence, who was a 
 French wigmakerand 
 manufacturer of artifi- 
 cial hair goods. Mr. 
 Medina carried on 
 that business success- 
 fully for several years, 
 but he was ambitious 
 and not satisfied w'ith 
 a small undertaking. 
 
 Going to Worcester, he opened a hair dressing and hair 
 manufacturing store and carried on the business with 
 much success. At the same time he came to Boston 
 and established himself on Washington Street, where he 
 has now been located over twenty years, extending and 
 enlarging his business until his house has become the 
 leading one in its line, being known throughout the 
 country, to all parts of which his goods are sent. For 
 several years Mr. Medina was the senior member of the 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 JOHN MEDINA, 
 
 firm of Medina Brothers, sending vessels between Bos- 
 ton, New Bedford and the Azores Islands, laden with 
 grain, lumber, etc., and carrying passengers ; three ves- 
 sels made up the fleet. He has also been quite largely 
 interested in sperm whaling in the Atlantic Ocean. In 
 r88o Mr. Medina removed his residence to Somerville, 
 where he purchased a portion of the Russell estate. 
 Clarendon Hill, \\'est Somerville, and modernized the 
 building for his present home. In 1887 he erected a 
 
 handsome brick 
 block in Davis 
 Square, which bears 
 his name, with mod- 
 ern apartments and 
 stores, and he was 
 really the pioneer in 
 the improvements of 
 that locality, which 
 followed in the rapid 
 growth of building, 
 population and bus- 
 iness generally. Mr. 
 Medina cast his first 
 vote in this country 
 for .\braham Lincoln, 
 and has always \ oted 
 the Republican 
 *'*^' ticket with the ex- 
 
 ception of once vot- 
 ing for the late Gen- 
 eral B. F. Butler, 
 when Democratic 
 candidate for gover- 
 nor. He has often 
 been asked to accept 
 - ofifices of public 
 — - trust but has declined 
 
 these requests, feel- 
 ing that he could not 
 give them proper 
 attention on account of his business. He is a member 
 of several orders, among them the Odd Fellows, Royal 
 Arcanum, American Legion of Honor and Pilgrim 
 Fathers. In October, 1878, at Boston, Mr. Medina 
 married Anne Fish, daughter of Elias and Sarah Fish, 
 of Newcastle, Me. They have one child, — John 
 Medina, Jr. Mr. Medina is identified with every move- 
 ment that has for its object the improvement of the 
 pleasant city wherein he resides. 
 
474 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WARREN E. LOCKE, although one of the youngest 
 of the business men of Somerville, has done 
 more than many who boast of twice his years to advance 
 the interests of the city. Although not a natixe of the 
 jtlace, he has the interests of the city at heart, and has, 
 in the few years that he has resided in the place, worked 
 with an earnestness that has marked him as a man of 
 progressive ideas and of great executive ability. He 
 was born in Exeter, N. H., April 3, 1S63, and is the 
 son of Morris and 
 Mary E. (Dow) 
 Locke of that town. 
 While he was quite 
 young his parents 
 removed to the town 
 of Northampton, and 
 it was here that he 
 received his early 
 education in the 
 public schools. He 
 graduated from the 
 schools of North- 
 ampton with high 
 honors, and then 
 entered the New 
 Hampton Literary 
 Institution. He took 
 a three years' course 
 of study in this insti- 
 tution, and then his 
 business instincts 
 manifested t h e m - 
 selves. He left the 
 school at the comple- 
 tion of the three 
 years, and his early 
 business was that of 
 the manufacture of 
 wooden ware at 
 Bristol, N. H. In 
 
 this he was very successful and built up a large and 
 profitable business, which he disposed of in 1885. 
 Then he came to Boston in order to enlarge his field of 
 operations and have a greater scope for his rare busi- 
 ness and executive ability. At first he acted as the 
 manufacturer's agent for the goods which he had for- 
 merly manufactured and secured a permanent market 
 for the goods. This business, which was established 
 by Mr. I^ocke, is the most prosperous in its line in the 
 
 WARREN E. LOCKE 
 
 citv of Boston. In 1889 he entered the real estate 
 business and took an office in the (llolie lUiilding. In 
 this new field he had greater opportunities to display 
 his accuracy of judgment and his untiring zeal for the 
 work in which he engages. During the time that he has 
 been in the real estate business he has handled a great 
 amount of property, and his judgment has never been 
 at fault. The result has been that the business has 
 steadily prospered and he has been entrusted with the 
 
 care of many large 
 estates. Early in 
 this business he saw 
 that there was a big 
 field for real estate 
 operations in Somer- 
 ville and he did not 
 hesitate to seize the 
 opportunity. West 
 ^_ Somerville has been 
 
 j^n\ V the particular section 
 
 of the city to which 
 he has devoted his 
 attention, and the 
 result has been not 
 only of advantage to 
 his customers and 
 himself but also to 
 the city. What was 
 only a few years ago 
 a stretch of barren 
 fields is now laid out 
 with excellent streets, 
 and the lots are cov- 
 ered with pretty and 
 comfortable cottages. 
 One of his latest 
 ventures in building 
 is a large apartment 
 house at the corner 
 of Highland Street 
 and Vinal Avenue on Central Hill. This house is a 
 model of its kind. He is a member of the Caleb Rand 
 Lodge, I. O. O. F. ; Wonohaquaham Tribe, I. O. R. M. ; 
 Elm Council, R. A. ; the Mystic Valley and the Massa- 
 chusetts Repulilican clubs ; is treasurer of the West Som- 
 erville Associates and secretary of the West Somerville 
 Republican Club. He married Miss Lilla M., daughter 
 of Hiram and Dorcas (Whittemore) Heath, of Bristol, 
 N. H. 
 
SOMERVILLE. 
 
 475 
 
 NO characteristic of the period will be more forcibly 
 illustrated at the fair than the extent to which 
 modern genius has carried the sub-division of labor. 
 Massachusetts has taken this principle nearer its logical 
 conclusion than any other region of the world, as may 
 be seen in any of its manufacturing cities, and it has at 
 least one remarkable instance of the same thing in a 
 line more intellectual than mechanical. Not the least 
 important branch of newspaper work is the reading of 
 exchanges. About 
 five years ago an ex- 
 change editor of the 
 Boston Globe came 
 to the conclusion 
 that he could read 
 newspapers for many 
 people as well as he 
 could for one em- 
 ployer, and thus not 
 only do simultane- 
 ously the exchange 
 reading for such trade 
 and class papers as 
 might be glad to be 
 relieved of the work, 
 but also make the 
 contents of the press 
 more generally ac- 
 cessible and useful. 
 The idea had been 
 applied in London 
 and New York to the 
 reading of papers for 
 public and profes- 
 sional men, but in 
 Boston it had its first 
 considerable devel- 
 opment in editorial 
 and commercial 
 lines. The result is 
 
 that Robert Luce, the editor referred to, and his brother 
 Linn now direct the reading of nearly two thousand 
 papers a day, and their thirty-five employees now put 
 out more than two million clippings a year. Their in- 
 stitution, the Press Clipping Bureau, has proved, like the 
 newspaper syndicate system, that even in what for want 
 of a better term may be called literary directions, com- 
 bination and specialization can be effective in saving 
 labor. It also has shown that commerce, in its attack 
 
 upon the customer at his very fireside, may be aided 
 in its aim by that news in the local papers of the 
 country which indicates possibilities of traffic. Robert 
 Luce, however, has not confined himself to newspaper 
 work, though, during the seven years he served on the 
 Globe, rising from the bottom to an editorial position, 
 that became his chief reliance. He is also much in- 
 terested in politics, and has for some time been a leader 
 of the Democratic party in Somerville, where he resides. 
 
 He was nominated 
 for the governor's 
 council when but 
 twenty -four years old, 
 and has also been 
 nominated for the 
 House of Represen- 
 tatives. Twoof these 
 nominations were im- 
 posed without even 
 so much as asking 
 his permission. The 
 districts, however, 
 were in each case too 
 strongly Rei)ublican 
 to make the nomina- 
 tions more than an 
 honor. He has also 
 written much outside 
 the sanctum, and is 
 the author of "Writ- 
 ing for the Press," a 
 manual that has be- 
 come an authority in 
 passing through four 
 editions, and ",Elec- 
 tric Railways," the 
 first book on the sub- 
 ject. He is presi- 
 dent of the Unita- 
 rian Club in his city, 
 is a Mason, and belongs to the usual number of social 
 organizations. He was born in Auburn, Me., Dec. 2, 
 1862, the son of Enos Thompson and Phcebe Learned 
 Luce ; was educated in the public schools there and in 
 Somerville, and graduated at Harvard in 1882, taking 
 the degree of A. M. in the following year. In 1885 he 
 married Mabelle C. Farnham, of Somerville, and they 
 live at No. 44 Highland Avenue in that city. Mr. Luce 
 has a wide acquaintance with public men. 
 
 ROBERT LUCE 
 
THE city of Taunton is one of the oldest municipalities in New England. It was incorporated in 1639, but for 
 two or three years before that its fine water power and rich alluvial farms had been brought to the notice of 
 Boston and Plymouth colonists, and a few hardy settlers had drifted thither. Three rivers which watered the 
 territory were promptly utilized for grist, saw and fulling mills, and the concentration of business about these 
 first factories settled the fate of the new town. It was destined at its birth to be a manufacturing centre. Natural 
 advantages also gave it a steady impetus. The swamps and meadows were full of bog iron. The early settlers 
 were from the iron districts of Wales, and their attention was speedily turned to the development of the iron 
 industry. The first "bloomery," or forge, in New England was established in the town, and anchor, tool and nail 
 making gave employment to busy mechanics long before the surrounding country had been cleared of the wild 
 men and beasts. From that time on, iron working in all its forms has occupied the van in the steady advance of 
 the city. The old "bloomeries" in which the hollow ware of Pilgrim and Puritan homes was turned out and the 
 anchors of the colonial and continental craft, including "Old Ironsides," were forged, passed away, but other 
 forms of work came in as inventions, lightened labor, and gave wider range to mechanical skill and the employ- 
 ment of capital. Hollow ware suggested stoves, and for generations the best workmen in the country have given 
 the active years of their lives to developing that most important article of household economy. 
 
 Seven large foundries give employment to skilled workmen, turn out stoves, ranges and furnaces by the 
 thousand, and find a market from Maine to Alaska. Allied to these are the stove-lining companies and the nickel 
 plating establishments, which are called upon to furnish the ornamental part of stove equipment. Nail making, 
 too, kept pace with stove manufacture. Each invention which expedited production was promptly utilized, and 
 to-day the output of tacks, brads, shoe nails, points, rivets in an infinite variety, is the largest of any manufacturing 
 centre in the world, the A. Field & Son's branch of the Atlas coriioration in itself ranking as the largest tack and 
 small nail factory ever built. Engine and boiler construction, locomotive and printing-presses, cotton machinery, 
 saws and coopers' tools, steam and hot water heating apparatus are among other forms to which the iron industry 
 has been directed, and all are carried on in large factories employing a vast capital and an army of mechanics. 
 
 Cotton manufacture became an important feature early in the century, and it has held its own. To-day the 
 most advantageous sites along the streams are devoted to weaving or spinning, and tall chimneys indicate the 
 location of mills busily employed in helping clothe the world. Spinning mills for the production of cotton yarns 
 are the favorite mode of investment. The valley of Taunton River has been found to possess just the right amount 
 of dampness in the atmosphere to make yarn spinning particularly successful, especially in the finer grades. 
 Another branch of business which has been of the greatest importance in the development of the city is that of 
 britannia and silver ware. Nearly a century ago the first venture in that direction was begun in a small way, with 
 indifferent success at first, and now the factory of Reed & Barton, making useful and ornamental wares of white 
 metal, britannia, and German and solid silver, has the world for a market. 'I'hree other factories are also building 
 up a reputation for excellent work in the britannia and silver line. 
 
 The position of Taunton at the head of navigation on Taunton River has always made shipping and vessel 
 (iroperty a profitable in\estment, and one of its chief products, bricks, has been largely shipped by water. Other 
 important industries are copper and yellow metal, crucibles, shoe buttons, barrels, boxes and carriages. The 
 population of the city is about 30,000. Its valuation is between Si8,ooo,ooo and ^19,000,000. There are three 
 national, two savings and three co-operative banks. It is a county seat. Its iiublic buildings are large and 
 attractive, its streets broad and well kept. 
 
TA UNTO A'. 
 
 A77 
 
 w*^-^' 
 
 FRANCIS S. BABBriT carries an honored name in 
 the Old Colony, for his ancestors were among the 
 \ery first who dared the i)erils of the primeval wilder- 
 ness. All through the two and a half centuries, since 
 the incorporation of Taunton as a town, the name of 
 Babbitt a])pears in connection with various positions of 
 trust. 'I'he same thing is noticeable in the xarious 
 towns which were cut out of the original purchase and 
 made into separate municipalities. 'Ihe Babbitt stock 
 has been sturdy and 
 vigorous, and has 
 not been eliminated 
 by emigration, which 
 has wiped out so 
 many of the old 
 names fro m the 
 town and city rec- 
 ords. Mr. Babbitt 
 was born in Taunton 
 on Dec. 22, 1843. 
 He was educated in 
 the public schools of 
 the town, at Bristol 
 .Academy and at 
 Comer's Commercial 
 School, Boston. In 
 the s])ring of 1862, 
 when the retreat of 
 Banks's di\ision 
 caused a demand for 
 more volunteers to 
 recruit the Union 
 Army, he enlisted in 
 Company F, Fourth 
 Regiment, Massa- 
 chusetts Militia, for 
 one month, but was 
 discharged after 
 three days' service 
 in Boston, as the 
 
 government decided that it did not need the new men. 
 In August of the same year he enlisted in Company F, 
 Thirty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers, for three years' 
 service. He served one year with the regiment, and 
 was then detailed for service in the United States Signal 
 Corps. For nearly two years he was busily engaged in 
 that branch of military duty, being discharged on June 
 28, 1865, by reason of the close of the war. Returning 
 to his old home he began the manufacture of machinery 
 
 FRANCIS S. BABBITT. 
 
 in the fall of 1865, and kept busily engaged in that 
 business until 1890. He was chosen a member of the 
 Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1882 and 
 in 1883, and served on important committees of that 
 body. In 1887 he was a member of the Board of 
 .\ldermen of Taunton, and in the fall of the same year 
 was elected one of the three commissioners of Bristol 
 County. He was re-elected in 1890. He was made 
 chairman of the board when he took his seat in 1888, 
 
 and is still serving in 
 that capacity. In 
 
 1890 he was elected 
 mayor of Taunton, 
 and re-elected in 
 
 1 89 1 and 1892. Mr. 
 Babbitt has been a 
 very efficient and 
 faithful public officer. 
 During his service 
 as county commis- 
 sioner, large e.xpen- 
 ditures have been 
 necessary to fill the 
 needs of the rajiidly 
 growing county, 
 among them the 
 splendid new court 
 houses of Taunton 
 and Fall River, the 
 house of correction 
 at New Bedford, 
 bridges, etc., all re- 
 quiring a vast amount 
 of supervision a n d 
 detail work from 
 those charged" with 
 the care of the 
 county business. 
 Such, also, has been 
 the case of the city 
 
 during his administration. A constant growth in ])opu- 
 lation, the call for improvements, and the necessity for 
 pro\iding for the wants of a rapidly growing munici- 
 pality have made large expenditures and great care 
 necessary. Mr. Babbitt has shown his sagacity on all 
 trying occasions, and his repeated election to the manage- 
 ment of municiiial matters proves the estimation of 
 his fellow- citizens, who have full confidence in his 
 judgment. 
 
478 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 CAPTAIN SYLA'ANUS N. STAPLES was born in 
 Taunton on Aug. 2, 181 1. He received the 
 usual common-school advantages of the country boys 
 of those days and did his share of work which all had to 
 assume. He had a fondness for the sea, and when not 
 more than ten years old started as cabin boy on the 
 river and bay, and having an aptness for the business 
 rose through the various grades of seaman and mate, 
 until at eighteen he had command of one of the large 
 sloops which were 
 popular freight car- 
 riers. Those were 
 days when steam had 
 not yet clipped the 
 wings of sailing craft, 
 and an immense 
 business was done all 
 along the coast and 
 to and from the West 
 Indies by small ves- 
 sels, which were able 
 not only to dare the 
 dangers of the seas 
 but also ascend the 
 rivers and accommo- 
 date merchants al- 
 most at their own 
 doors. Captain 
 Staples was so suc- 
 cessful that he owned 
 in several vessels 
 when he was a very 
 young man. The 
 love of the brine has 
 never left him, and 
 through his long life 
 he has always kept 
 up an active financial 
 interest in coasters, 
 tugs, barges, steam- 
 ers, and other marine property. 
 business upon land as well 
 became a partner with 
 
 SYLVANUS N. STAPLES. 
 
 In 1836 he began 
 as upon the water and 
 Francis D. Williams in the 
 wholesale and retail flour and grocery business, which 
 has always been an important branch of Taunton trade. 
 He afterwards bought out Mr. \A'illiams and carried on 
 the business alone, then with different partners, and 
 built up a large trade with the West Indies, and also 
 with coastwise towns on the Atlantic seaboard. He 
 
 next returned to freighting for a few years but changed 
 in 1857 to a general commercial business, having 
 Captain ^^'illiara H. Phillips as a partner. The articles 
 handled by the firm were coal, iron, lime, hair, etc. 
 The freight business was kept up as an important 
 adjunct, and as years passed the firm of Staples & 
 Phillips became one of the best known in New England, 
 handling vast quantities of coal and iron and owning 
 wholly or in part a fleet of vessels of all kinds which 
 
 were always busy. 
 To the firm of Staples 
 & Philhps the im- 
 provements in Taun- 
 ton River are due. 
 Their work, more 
 than that of all 
 others, called t h e 
 attention of the gen- 
 eral government to 
 its value as a water 
 way and secured the 
 appropriations which 
 have made it availa- 
 ble for transporting 
 coal by barge and 
 schooner and naviga- 
 ble for tugs and 
 steamers engaged in 
 business or pleasure 
 purposes. The firm 
 of Staples & Phillips 
 was dissolved a few 
 years since, and a 
 large corporation 
 known as the Staples 
 Coal Company took 
 its place. This cor- 
 poration is one of the 
 largest in that line 
 in New England and 
 hasa n immense plant at Fall River and Taunton for the 
 wholesale and retail coal business, besides a large fleet 
 of steamers and barges which ply between coal ports 
 and New England. Of this corporation Captain Staples 
 is the head. He is also a director in many corporations, 
 and a citizen generally esteemed and honored for the 
 important part he has played in the development of the 
 material interests of Taunton. His name is familiar in 
 every port along the AUantic^coast. 
 
TAUNTON. 
 
 479 
 
 HENRY G. REED was born in Taunton on July 23, 
 1 8 10, where his father was a merchant. He was 
 educated in the pubHc schools of the town and at Bris- 
 tol Acadeni)', in vacations and at odd times helping his 
 father in the store. He was born with a love of me- 
 chanics and preferred to work with tools when other 
 lads w-ere at play. Babbitt & Grossman were then 
 engaged in the manufacture of britannia goods, and 
 when eighteen years old Mr. Reed went into their shop 
 as an apprentice. 
 He devoted himself 
 assiduously to the 
 work and soon 
 showed a n expert- 
 ness which won the 
 commendation of his 
 employer s. The 
 business passed into 
 the hands of the 
 Taunton Britannia 
 Gompany, with whom 
 Mr. Reed remained 
 as journeyman, tak- 
 ing charge of several 
 departments until he 
 became superin- 
 tendent. In 1835 
 the company ceased 
 business and Mr. 
 Reed, with Charles 
 Barton and Gustavus 
 Leonard, believed 
 that the work could 
 be made a success, 
 and in 1837 they 
 began in a small way 
 as Reed & Barton on 
 about the site of the 
 present extensive 
 works w-hich have 
 
 grown up from such a small beginning. The determina- 
 tion of the young firm was to make the best of goods 
 and hold the market by honest workmanship and 
 superior skill. The result justified their expectations. 
 The little plant expanded until it now covers acres of 
 ground with massive buildings, where in busy seasons 
 eight hundred and more skilled mechanics are engaged 
 in making electro-plated and solid silver goods, which 
 active salesmen distribute all over the world. For years 
 
 HENRY G. REED. 
 
 the business was a partnership under the old firm name. 
 More recently it was incorporated under the same name 
 with George Brabrook and Frank L. Fish and Mr. Reed 
 as the active members of the corporation. The develop- 
 ment of this business has been one of the main factors 
 of the growth of Taunton, as the wages earned by the 
 skilled labor necessary has covered much of the eighth 
 ward of the city with comfortable homes. The factory 
 is always an attraction to visitors, and people from all 
 
 parts of the country 
 have for years visited 
 it and watched the 
 ingenuity with which 
 plain metal is turned 
 into gems of art. Mr. 
 R e e d' s advancing 
 years have never 
 weakened his inter- 
 est in the business, 
 and he is as regu- 
 larly at his place in 
 the factory as any of 
 the journeymen. His 
 ingenuity, which be- 
 gan to develop in his 
 youth, has been of 
 great value in the 
 modelling depart- 
 ment. He has been 
 a director of the 
 Taunton National 
 Bank and Taunton 
 Savings Bank for a 
 generation, and his 
 judgment pn all 
 questions affecting 
 the public interest has 
 always been sought 
 by his fellow citizens, 
 who recognize his 
 sagacity and uprightness. It is seldom that a man who 
 has spent as many of the best years of his life in build- 
 ing up a tremendous business reaches a serene old age 
 and sees the most ardent dreams of his youth realized. 
 Mr. Reed has seen the village of Taunton grow into a 
 flourishing city and has the satisfaction of knowing that 
 the little britannia shop, with which nearly the whole 
 of his active life has been closely identified, was a lead- 
 ing factor in its growth. 
 
48o 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 CLOSELY connected with the widely-known manu- 
 facturing house of Reed & Barton, is George 
 Brabrook, who entered the service of the firm when a 
 young man, has given the prime of his life to its service, 
 and as one of the largest owners and the active busi- 
 ness man of the corporation, has seen it grow into the 
 giant enterprise of to-day. The ancestor of the Bra- 
 brook family is believed to have emigrated from Scot- 
 land to America in colonial days and to have settled in 
 Concord, Mass. 
 From him came all 
 who bear the name 
 in America. An 
 elder brother, Alfred, 
 first entered the 
 service of Reed & 
 Barton, as salesman, 
 and pushed the use 
 of the ware of the 
 firm all over the 
 country. For more 
 than fifty years as an 
 eflicient, \aluable 
 and ready salesman 
 and conscientious 
 and respected citi- 
 zen, his name has 
 also been connected 
 with the interests of 
 the great factory. 
 ( jcorge Brabrook 
 was born in Acton, 
 followed his bro'her 
 to Taunton, and in 
 1850, when twenty- 
 two years old, was 
 given a place in the 
 shipping department 
 of the factory. His 
 energy, devotion to 
 
 business, and sagacity were soon recognized by the 
 proprietors, and he was advanced from one position to 
 another, all of which he filled with zeal, intelligence and 
 fidelity to the interests intrusted to his care. His mind 
 was of that business quality that gave him a ready 
 adaptability for whatever sphere of action was his lot, 
 and his employers learned that the young man could be 
 relied upon at all times and in all places. He made it 
 a point to learn the business, and did not hesitate to 
 
 GEORGE BRABROOK 
 
 give his best efforts and all his time to jiromoting the 
 welfare of the firm. He was efficient not only in the 
 shop but upon the road, and as a ready salesman helped 
 extend the name and place the goods of the concern in 
 all the leading cities and towns of the country. Such 
 assiduity could not fail of securing the approbation of 
 his employers. It was recognized in a substantial 
 manner, and the young man who entered the works as a 
 clerk in 1850 became one of the firm and its leading 
 
 business manager in 
 1859. His rise was 
 ra]jid, so far as years 
 went, but it was 
 earned by faithful 
 work a n d a n u n- 
 grudging devotion to 
 duty. Mr. Brabrook 
 has remained with 
 the house ever since, 
 seeing it grow into a 
 firm with a business 
 on its hands of tre- 
 mendous volume and 
 then a great corpo- 
 ration with a reputa- 
 tion world-wide. 
 Such instances ot 
 perse^•erance a n d 
 promotion are not 
 common in these 
 days, when y o u n g 
 men are unwilling to 
 work a minute over 
 time and drop busi- 
 ness from their 
 thoughts the minute 
 the factory door 
 closes behind them. 
 Mr. Brabrook mar- 
 ried Miss Eliza E. 
 Knowies in i860. She is a descendant of Rev. Samuel 
 Danforth, the fourth minister of Taunton, although a 
 native of Boston. His home is one of the notable 
 residences of the city, with its wide lawns and clumps 
 of trees. Of his two sons the elder is connected with 
 the factory, which manufactures wares of (ierman and 
 solid silver, white metal and britannia, and is one of the 
 most imi)ortant, widely celebrated industries in New 
 England. No little of its fame is due to Mr. Brabrook. 
 
TA UNTON. 
 
 481 
 
 WILLIAM REED, JR., is a descendant of the old 
 families which landed in Newbury and began 
 the contest with the wilderness of New England in 1636. 
 The maternal ancestor was one of the little band to 
 which land was granted in what was then Haverhill, and 
 the first farm marked out by metes and bounds was his. 
 By the re-location of State lines the old homestead site 
 is now in the town of Hampstead, N. H. The history 
 of the early settlement of that town is stained with 
 blood, as Indian raids 
 down the Merrimack 
 River were many. 
 The records tell of 
 fierce fighting, daring 
 deeds, and the death 
 of more than one of 
 the family under the 
 hatchet of the savage 
 while the struggle for 
 mastery was going 
 on. Both his great- 
 grandfathers served 
 in the Revolutionary 
 \Var, one at Bunker 
 Hill, the other at 
 Stillwater, where a 
 British bullet lamed 
 him for life. He was 
 born in Newburyport 
 in 1842, and, after 
 preparing for college 
 in the high schools 
 of that city and 
 Cambridge, entered 
 Harvard College and 
 was graduated as one 
 of the prize men of 
 the class of 1864. 
 He began life as a 
 teacher and \vas prin- 
 cipal of the high schools of Edgartown and Nahant 
 Mass., Watertown, N. Y., and Erie, Penn. His atten- 
 tion was attracted to journalism, and he became con- 
 nected with the Fall River News, first, next with the 
 Herald o{ Helena, Montana, afterwards with the Provi- 
 dence Herald, and finally with the Taunton Daily 
 Gazette, which he bought in 1S72 and has edited and 
 managed since. Mr. Reed has been an untiring worker 
 and has built up his newspaper property so that it 
 
 WILLIAM REED, JR 
 
 stands in the front rank of the provincial press of the 
 State, and has much more than a local reputation. He 
 has been a very active citizen of Taunton, and has often 
 been called to fill positions of trust and responsibility. 
 He has been president of the Board of Trade, sewer 
 commissioner, member of the School Committee, has 
 represented the district twice in the Legislature and 
 once in the Senate, and served as an active and influen- 
 tial leader in all things that have tended towards the 
 
 commercial, moral 
 and social advance- 
 ment of the city. 
 While serving in the 
 Legislature he was 
 made a member of 
 the convict labor 
 commission of the 
 State, and was the 
 author of the report 
 which led to the es- 
 tablishment of the 
 reformatorv at Con- 
 cord and the separa- 
 tion of convicts into 
 two grades. He is 
 also one of the di- 
 rectors of the largest 
 corporation with 
 headquarters at 
 Taunton — The Mas- 
 sachusetts Real Es- 
 tate Company — 
 which has large in- 
 vestments in the 
 
 East and Westr He 
 
 is also president of 
 the Massachusetts 
 Press Association) 
 and is connected 
 with a large number 
 of social, literary and business enterprises at his home 
 and abroad. Always a Republican, in the councils of 
 that party he has held an honored place, and has been 
 often upon the stump in ad\'Ocacy of its principles, 
 preferring to work for the election of others to office 
 rather than for himself, on the ground that the man who 
 conducts a modern newspaper successfully has scope and 
 work enough to demand the employment of all his time 
 and energy. 
 
FALL RIVER, the leading cotton-manufacturing city of America, owes its origin indirectly to tfie expansion 
 of the Plymouth Colony, the first settlement in the immediately adjacent region having been made about 
 1656. In that year, on the 3d of July, the General Court of Plymouth granted to a number of the freemen of the 
 jurisdiction a tract of land east of the Taunton River, four miles in width and from six to seven in length, 
 bounded on the south by Quequechan, and on the north by Assonet Neck. Three years later this grant was con- 
 firmed by a warranty deed signed by the local sachems, the consideration being " twenty coats, two iron pots, two 
 kettles and one little kettle, eight pairs of shoes, six pairs of stockings, one dozen hoes, one dozen hatchets, two 
 yards of broadcloth, and a debt satisfied to John Barnes, which was due from Wamsitta to John Barnes." This 
 grant was known after 1683 as Freetown. 
 
 The first settlers were principally from Plymouth, Marshfield and Scituate ; some were from Taunton and a 
 few from Rhode Island. The region round about was gradually settled, until a considerable population resided in 
 and about Freetown. By act of the Legislature of Feb. 26, 1803, a considerable part of the ancient proprietary 
 of Freetown was detached and erected into a township named Fall River (changed to Troy in 1804, and again to 
 its present name in 1834). There was early a dispute as to the State boundary line, which continued a vexatious 
 feature until it was settled in 1861, after which the citizens of Fall River were no longer obliged to acknowledge 
 two jurisdictions, and received a considerable addition to their territory, population and wealth. In 1854 the 
 thriving town was made a city. In 1850 its population was 11,524 : in 1870, 26,766 ; and in 1890, 74,398. 
 
 Fall River is, in every sense, the embodiment of the sagacity, energy and successful industry of her own 
 people. No city or town engaged in similar pursuits has greater cause for satisfaction, or can refer to stronger 
 reasons for the exercise of a just pride in the achievements of her own citizens. The motto of her corporate seal 
 is "We'll try," and though she has met reverses in the form of conflagrations and strikes in her mills, she has 
 successfully passed through them and risen to still greater importance. Nature gave to her a water power in the 
 stream from which the city takes her name that is almost unequalled ; and along its whole course the mills stand 
 like the buildings in a city street. In one year eleven mills were erected, each with from thirty thousand to forty 
 thousand spindles, and costing over ten million dollars, and employing over five thousand hands. In 1876 there 
 were thirty-three mill corporations operating forty mills, with an incorporated capital of $14,735,000. The first 
 mill in the neighborhood was that erected by Colonel Joseph Durfee, in what is now Globe Village, in 181 1. The 
 first regular cloth-manufacturing enterprise was that inaugurated in 1813, and from this, properly speaking, has 
 grown the great industry of to-day. Statistics are bewildering; these for the year 1892 will tell of the present 
 condition of the Fall River cotton mills : thirty-six corporations operating fifty-nine mills, paid out in dividends 
 in the year $2,155,860, on a capital of §19,518,000, or an average of 11.04 per cent. In 1891 the same corpora- 
 tions paid out $956,450, or an average of 4.90 per cent. 
 
 Fall River is a port of entry, and the district includes the ports of Taunton, Dighton, Somerset, Freetown 
 and Swansea. The famous Fall River Line, a favorite route between Boston and New York, makes this city one 
 of its three points of departure and arrival, and there are other steamboat lines centering here. The City Hall, 
 the Durfee Memorial School and the Bristol County Court House are among the notable buildings. The educa- 
 tional and religious features have kept pace with the city's growth in population and importance, and no city in 
 southeastern Massachusetts has greater advantages. There are a free public library and several circulating libra- 
 ries, all of which are supplied with the latest publications and are accessible to all. There are also private and 
 society libraries and local book clubs of special value to members. The Fall River press includes three evening 
 dailies, and the weekly newspapers are able and representative. On July 4, 1876, the citizens celebrated by a 
 magnificent series of exercises the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence. 
 
FALL RLVER. 
 
 483 
 
 JOHN W. COUGHLIN, M. D, mayor of Fall River, 
 was born in that city, June 9, 1861. His parents 
 were William and Abbie Coughlin. He attended the 
 Fall River public schools until 1878. In that year he 
 started to learn the trade of a steam and gas fitter, 
 which trade his father, now deceased, followed before 
 him. In 1879, after a year's work, he entered the law 
 office of Coffey & Dubuque in F'all River, but in the 
 spring of 1880 he left that office to enter the employ 
 o f the Providence 
 Steam and Gas Pipe 
 Company ; there he 
 remained about 
 eighteen months, and 
 then returned to Fall 
 River, to enter the 
 drug store of Dr. 
 John B. Chagnon, on 
 Bedford Street. 
 After about fourteen 
 months in that place, 
 he resolved to study 
 medicine. He was 
 without means, but 
 he determined to 
 seek some employ- 
 ment by which he 
 could get the funds 
 needed to carry him 
 through college. He 
 sought and obtained 
 a place as conductor 
 on the Globe Street 
 Railway, which he 
 held about a year. 
 In the fall of 1882, 
 he was enabled to 
 begin the study of 
 medicine ; he entered 
 the office of Dr. 
 
 Charles C. Terry and in the next spring entered the 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons in Baltimore, and 
 took a spring course of studies. He then returned to 
 Dr. Terry's office for the summer, and in the fall resumed 
 his college studies, which he pursued until March, 
 1885, when he was graduated. He stood at the head 
 of his class of one hundred and sixty-one men, and 
 received the first college prize, the Cathell Medal, for the 
 highest average scholarship. He had opportunity to 
 
 JOHN W. COUGHLIN. 
 
 enter any one of several Baltimore hospitals, but he 
 chose to return to his own city after graduation, and 
 here, among his accpiaintances, early acquired a lucra- 
 tive practice. In 1888 Dr. Coughlin received the 
 Democratic nomination for mayor of Fall River, but 
 was defeated at the polls by about three hundred 
 votes. In 1889 he ran again, when he was antago- 
 nized by those who until then were the prime factors 
 in the local Democracy, and was again defeated by 
 
 about one hundred 
 votes. In i8go he 
 was again nominated 
 by the Democrats, 
 and, in spite of bitter 
 and aggressive oppo- 
 sition from the lead- 
 ers of his party, was 
 elected by eight hun- 
 dred and eight votes. 
 In 1 89 1 he was re- 
 elected on the Dem- 
 ocratic ticket by nine 
 hundred and twenty- 
 seven majority ; and 
 in 1892 on the same 
 ticket by eight hun- 
 dred and twenty-two 
 majority. In the lat- 
 ter year Mayor 
 Coughlin attended 
 the National Demo- 
 cratic Convention in 
 Chicago as the dele- 
 gate of the Thirteenth 
 Congressional D i s - 
 trict. Before he was 
 elected a delegate he 
 was a pronounced 
 Cleveland advocate. 
 He was, in fact, one 
 of the first to fa\ or the nomination of Cleveland, and 
 he publicly expressed his choice for the presidency at a 
 dinner of the Young Men's Democratic Club in New 
 Bedford, which was practically the first gun for Grover 
 Cleveland fired in Massachusetts. At the National 
 Convention he supported Stevenson for Vice-President. 
 Mayor Coughlin has continued the practice of medicine 
 to the present time, and is recognized as a leading 
 practitioner of the city. 
 
484 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ARNOLD BORDEN SAN FORD, president of the 
 Fall River Board of Trade and of the Sanford 
 Spinning Company, and treasurer of the Globe Yarn 
 Mills, was born in Goldsboro, N. C, Feb. ii, 1846, the 
 son of John P. Sanford, who left Fall Ri\er in 1840, 
 settled in Goldsboro, and returned with his family to his 
 native (ilace in 1857. After attending school, Arnold B. 
 Sanford began work in a woollen mill in Rhode Island. 
 His intention had been to learn the woollen-manufac- 
 turing business, but 
 his health becoming 
 affected, he was 
 obliged to make a 
 change, and em- 
 barked in the hard- 
 ware business. In 
 1869 he was married 
 to Miss H. Emma 
 Warren, daughter of 
 Edward Warren, a 
 well-known and es- 
 teemed citizen of the 
 city. Their children 
 are five in number, 
 two of them, Mabel 
 W. and Martha C, 
 being students of 
 Smith College, North- 
 a m p t o n , Mass. 
 In 1873 Mr. Sanford 
 joined Mr. Thomas 
 D. Covel in forming 
 the well-known firm 
 of Sanford & Covel, 
 dealers in mill sup- 
 plies and hardware. 
 This firm carried on 
 a prosperous busi- 
 ness for nine years. 
 In 1 88 1 Mr. Sanford 
 
 retired from the firm, as his health required a change, 
 and turned his attention to cotton manufacturing. He 
 proceeded to organize the Globe Yarn Mills, at Globe 
 Village, a corporation now of national reputation. The 
 organization of the company was effected with a capital 
 of $200,000, and Mr. Sanford was electeil treasurer. 
 Cold water was thrown upon the venture by local in- 
 vestors in print-cloth mills, and many predicted early 
 failure because the mill was not to make ])rint cloths. 
 
 ARNOLD B. SANFORD. 
 
 But the projectors were not discouraged ; they started 
 successfully, and their success has been remarkable 
 every year. They established the most extensive plant 
 for the manufacture of yarns in this country. Within 
 ten years the stockholders built and equipped three 
 large mills, with 100,000 spindles, on a capital of 
 Si, 200,000, an actual investment of $1,600,000. Four 
 times the capital of the concern was increased. It is 
 apparent how largely the success of this enterprise was 
 
 and is due to Mr- 
 San ford, who has 
 been its treasurer all 
 these years. In 1892 
 Mr. Sanford organ- 
 ized the Sanford 
 Spinning Company. 
 This company was 
 named for him, in 
 recognition of the 
 splendid efforts 
 which he had con- 
 tributed to the suc- 
 cess of the earlier 
 enterprise. The 
 capital on which or- 
 ganization w a s ef- 
 fected was $450,000. 
 This was secured 
 within two weeks, 
 antl include d an 
 over-subscription of 
 $50,000. This mill 
 will be ready to go 
 into operation early 
 in 1893. Mr. San- 
 ford is president and 
 director of other 
 corporations in the 
 city. He was a prime 
 mover toward the 
 organization in 1890 of the Fall River Board of Trade, 
 and is now its president. His interest in public and 
 private charities keeps pace with his interest in business 
 and the material progress of the city. He is a warm 
 friend of the Home for .Aged People, and aids other relig- 
 ious, charitable and useful organizations in the commun- 
 ity. In religion Mr. Sanford is a Baptist, and in politics 
 a Republican. He is a strong Protectionist, Ijeing one 
 of the founders of the Home Market Club of Boston. 
 
FALL nrvEK. 
 
 485 
 
 J 
 
 OSEPH A. BOWEN was born in Fall River, Oct. 10, 
 I S3 2. He is a son of the late Abraham Bowen, 
 who died about three years ago in his eighty-sixth 
 year, and Sarah Ann Bowen, who has since died in her 
 eighty-eighth year. He is a grandson of the agent of 
 the first cotton mill that was erected in the city. At 
 that period there were no banks, and the silver dollars 
 in which payment for shares was made were put on the 
 bottom of the old-fashioned clock for safe keeping. 
 The old farm-house 
 of Mr. B o w e n ' s 
 grandfather was one 
 of the ancient land- 
 marks of Fall River, 
 and was located at 
 the corner of Bed- 
 ford and North Main 
 streets, while his 
 farm extended from 
 Bedford to Elm 
 Street, and from the 
 bay to W a t u p p a 
 Pond. He was one 
 of the most promi- 
 nent and influential 
 men in the commu- 
 nity. Mr. Bowen 
 has always resided in 
 Fall River. He 
 learned the printer's 
 trade and worketl at 
 job and newspaper 
 1 ) r i n t i n g , in his 
 father's office, most 
 of the time from 
 his eighth to his 
 t w e n t y - 1 h i r d year, 
 attending the public 
 schools of his native 
 town at intervals. 
 
 In 1856 he went into the coal business, in which he 
 has ever since been engaged. From the nature of 
 his business, Mr. Bowen has for many years been inter- 
 ested in navigation and harbor improvements. He is 
 the agent and the largest owner of two four-masted 
 schooners, and has had a large amount of dredging and 
 rock-removing done at his own expense. He has thus 
 secured the greatest depth of water at his wharves of 
 any firm in the port of Fall Ri\er. Mr. Bowen was 
 
 .%v. 
 
 JOSEPH A. BOWEN 
 
 married, Jan. 19, 1865, to Miss Fanny M. Corey, of 
 Fall River. Their children are Joseph H. Bowen and 
 Fanny C. Bowen. Mr. Bowen has several times been 
 called upon by his fellow-citizens to accept public office. 
 He was a member of the Fall River Common Council in 
 1862 and 1863, and of the Board of Aldermen in 1869 
 and 1870. He was appointed by Mayor Brown in 1869 
 chairman of the Committee on Water Supply, with 
 power to investigate the general subject. After several 
 
 m o n t h s' considera- 
 tion of the subject, 
 visiting various cities, 
 and having the water 
 of different wells 
 analyzed, he wrote 
 the report to the 
 City Council, recom- 
 mending the taking 
 of the water of the 
 North Watuppa Pond 
 for a supply ; which 
 report was adopted 
 by the city govern- 
 ment, and being sub- 
 mitted to the people 
 at a special election, 
 met an almost unani- 
 mous approval. Mr. 
 Bowen was elected 
 one of the original 
 water commission- 
 ers, and put a large 
 amount of energy 
 into the work of 
 pushing that great 
 
 and beneficent-work 
 
 to a successful and 
 speedy completion, 
 he and another pur- 
 chasing the reservoir 
 land on their own responsibility, to keep it from the 
 hands of speculators, and assisting the engineers in every 
 possible way to overcome the many obstacles incident 
 to the natural location of Fall River. Mr. Bowen is first 
 vice-president of the Fall River Board of Trade, in which 
 he is one of the most active workers. He is a Repub- 
 lican, though of late years he has not been an active 
 political worker. Mr. Bowen and his family ha-ve long 
 been connected with the Central Cons;ret(ational Church. 
 
486 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ROBERT T. DAVIS, M. D., was born in County 
 Down, north of Ireland, Aug. 28, 1823, his father 
 being John Davis and his mother Sarah (Thompson) 
 Davis. His parents came to the United States when he 
 was three years old, and settled in Amesbury, Essex 
 County, Mass. His father was of the Presbyterian faith, 
 and his mother was a Friend. He was educated in the 
 Amesbury public schools and at the academy, and in 
 the Friends' School in Providence, R. I. Upon the 
 completion of his 
 preparatory educa- 
 tion he took a course 
 in the medical de- 
 partment of Harvard 
 University, and re- 
 ceived his diploma 
 in 1847. He then 
 engaged in the prac- 
 tice of medicine in 
 Waterville, Me. 
 After remaining there 
 three years he re- 
 moved, in 1850, to 
 Fall River, where he 
 has ever since re- 
 sided. Dr. Davis 
 early took a deep 
 interest in political 
 affairs, and has held 
 many ofifices of honor 
 and trust. He was 
 a member of the fa- 
 mous Constitutional 
 Convention of 1853, 
 and was elected to the 
 Massachusetts Sen- 
 ate in 1858 and i860. 
 He was a delegate to 
 the National Repub- 
 lican Conventions of 
 
 i860 and 1876. The citizens of Fall Ri\er chose him 
 as their mayor for the year 1873. He was a member 
 of the State Board of Charities when it was organized 
 in 1863; was ajjpointed to the State Board of Health 
 in 1869, on its organization, and remained a member 
 until it was merged with the State Board of Health, 
 Lunacy and Charity, in 1879, when he became a mem- 
 ber of that board. Dr. Davis has made a most excel- 
 lent record as member of the national House of Rep- 
 
 resentatives. He was elected to the Forty-eighth 
 Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth 
 Congresses on the Republican ticket. He has been a 
 member of the Sewerage Commission, president of the 
 Bristol County South Medical Society, councillor of the 
 Massachusetts Medical Society, and a member of the 
 American Medical and the National Public Health 
 associations. Locally, Dr. Davis, while for several years 
 retired alike from the practice of his profession and 
 
 engagement in pub- 
 lic matters, has shown 
 deep interest in the 
 common welfare, and 
 has several times 
 raised his voice in 
 behalf of popular ad- 
 \antages when pub- 
 lic questions have 
 been discussed. He 
 resides on High 
 Street, his family con- 
 sisting of his wife 
 and one son (Robert 
 C. Davis), the former 
 having been Miss 
 Susan A. Haight, of 
 New Castle, N. Y., 
 to whom he was wed- 
 ded in June, 1862. 
 He had previously 
 married Miss Sarah 
 Wilbur, who died in 
 1856. In public 
 speech Dr. Davis is 
 deliberate, clear, 
 forceful and often 
 eloquent. Grace and 
 strength are com- 
 bined in an individ- 
 ual style in his writ- 
 ing. He has been earnestly interested in the cause of 
 education in the city, and one of the public schools has 
 been named for him. Dr. Davis has also established a 
 fund, the jjroceeds of which are used for the purchase 
 of the " Davis Prize Medal," for the encouragement of 
 scholarship. He has been a member of the Commercial 
 Club since its organization ; is president of the Wam- 
 panoag Mills and a director in five other manufacturing 
 corporations. 
 
 ROBERT T. DAVIS 
 
FALL RLVER. 
 
 487 
 
 CHARLES JARVIS HOLMES, son of the late 
 Charles Janis and Louisa (Haskell) Holmes, 
 was born, March 4, 1834, in Rochester, Mass. His 
 father, as was his father before him, was a lawyer, a 
 prominent member of the Bristol County bar, and for a 
 long period was a member of the Massachusetts Legis- 
 lature, and at one time a member of the governor's 
 council. Charles Jarvis Holmes was five years old 
 when he removed with his parents to Taunton, and nine 
 years old when h e 
 and they removed to 
 Fall River, where he 
 has since resided. 
 H e attended the 
 public schools of the 
 city, and was a mem- 
 ber of the first class 
 formed in the Fall 
 Ri\er High .School, 
 graduating in 1853. 
 After graduation, 
 being nineteen years 
 old, he entered the 
 service of the Massa- 
 soit Bank. At the 
 age of twenty-one 
 he was elected treas- 
 urer of the Five Cent 
 Savings Bank, which 
 position he still 
 holds. In the same 
 year he was elected 
 cashier of the Wam- 
 sutta Bank, which in 
 1864 became t h e 
 Second National 
 Bank. He still oc- 
 cujjies this position. 
 Mr. Holmes is presi- 
 dent of the King 
 
 Philip Mills and of the Sagamore Mill, and a director in 
 the Border City Mills. Mr Holmes was a member of 
 the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1873, 
 and of the Senate in 1877 and 1878, being chairman of 
 the Banking Committee. His service in the State Legis- 
 lature was a most active and useful one. He served in 
 the Fall River Board of Aldermen two years. He was 
 a member of the School Committee for sixteen years, 
 during which time he exerted a strong influence upon 
 
 CHARLES J. HOLMES 
 
 the educational affairs of the city. Mr. Holmes has been 
 a trustee of the Public Library — which office he still 
 holds — thirty years. He is chairman of the Civil Service 
 Commission of the Fall River district, and has been 
 a member of the Board of Overseers of the Poor of Fall 
 River since the board was created during the adminis- 
 tration of Mayor Jackson. He is also chairman of the 
 committee of .Associated Savings Banks of the State, of 
 which committee he has been a leading member for 
 
 nearly thirty years, 
 and he has been a long 
 time in municipal 
 |)ositions requi ring 
 financial sagacity. 
 M r. Holmes was 
 married May 4, 1S58, 
 to Miss Mary A. 
 Remington, daughter 
 of Joshua and Joanna 
 Remington, in Fall 
 River ; and their 
 children are Mary L., 
 .Anna C. and Charles 
 L. Holmes. The 
 latter i s associated 
 with his father in the 
 business of the local 
 bank named. M r. 
 Holmes has long 
 been a member and 
 is the senior deacon 
 of the Central Con- 
 gregational Church. 
 
 \%| His position in the 
 
 community is that 
 of a i)rogressive busi- 
 """"""■"""^''^ ' ness man,a r-espected 
 
 citizen and a co-op- 
 erator in all move- 
 ments started for the 
 improvement of the condition of the people. On finan- 
 cial and municipal affairs Mr. Holmes is considered one 
 of the best authorities in the city, and his opinion is 
 frequently sought on difficult questions. His long 
 experience in official and business life, and his high 
 standing as man and citizen, will qualify him to rank 
 among the representative men of the Commonwealth. 
 \n Fall River no man is more highly esteemed for his 
 fine qualities of mind and heart than Mr. Holmes, 
 
488 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 GK()RC;E albert CHACE was born in Somerset, 
 Mass., opposite Fall River, Sept. i6, 1844, and 
 was the son of Albert Gordon Chace and Sarah Shearman 
 (Purinton) Chace. He passed his boyhood in Somerset, 
 and was educated in the common schools of that town. 
 At the age of seventeen he enlisted in the Third Regi- 
 ment, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, commanded by 
 Colonel Silas P. Richmond. He joined the command 
 of General Foster in North Carolina, went through that 
 campaign, and was 
 mustered out in July, 
 
 1863. Returning 
 from the war, he 
 entered, in May, 
 
 1864, the ofifice of 
 Charles O. Shove, 
 the projector and 
 treasurer of the 
 Granite Mills, and 
 was given every 
 opportunity by Mr. 
 Shove to acquire a 
 thorough knowledge 
 of the cotton-manu- 
 facturing business 
 as then conducted in 
 Fall River. Ten 
 years later, in 1874, 
 he was elected treas- 
 urer and manager of 
 the Shove Mills, and 
 built and equipped 
 Shove Mill No. i un- 
 der the direction and 
 plans of Mr. Shove, 
 and in 1880 planned 
 and equipped Shove 
 Mill No. 2. These 
 two mills contained 
 about sixty thousand 
 
 spindles and one thousand five hundred looms. In the 
 following year Mr. Chace was elected treasurer and 
 manager of the Bourne Mills, in North Tiverton, adjoin- 
 ing Fall River. Mr. Chace planned, built and equipped 
 these mills with about forty-three thousand spindles and 
 one thousand two hundred and si.xty looms. Mr. Chace 
 and the mills are widely known by reason of his system 
 of profit sharing, which was introduced in 1889, by which 
 the operatives, in jjroportion to their wages, share with 
 
 GEORGE A. CHACE, 
 
 the owners in the profits of the company. This system 
 has been written about and discussed extensively with 
 reference to its operation in the Bourne Mills, and Mr. 
 Chace, as treasurer and manager of the mills, has con- 
 tributed articles to leading newspapers explaining its 
 advantages. It is now as successful as ever in these 
 mills. In 1884 Mr. Chace resigned the management of 
 the Shove Mills, though he is still a director and one 
 of the larger stockholders. Mr. Chace is a member 
 
 of the Association 
 for Promotion 
 of Profit Sharing, 
 of which there are 
 seventy-f our m e m- 
 bers in the United 
 States. Mr. Chace 
 was for ten years a 
 director of the Mas- 
 sasoit National Bank, 
 resigning in 1892. 
 He was married in 
 1870 to Miss Sarah 
 .Anna B r o w n e I I, 
 daughter of Mr. 
 Fenner Brownell, of 
 [•'all River. The two 
 children of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Chace are 
 Eleanor Sarah Chace 
 and Fenner .Albert 
 Chace ; the former is 
 a student in Welles- 
 ley College, and the 
 latter is preparing 
 in the high school for 
 Harvard University. 
 Mr. Chace was one of 
 the projectors of the 
 moral and educa- 
 tional work now in 
 progress for boys in Fall River, and is vice-president 
 of the Boys' Club and of the Young Men's Christian 
 Association, and chairman of its extension committees. 
 Mr. Chace has a peculiar fondness for the study of lan- 
 guages, and has acquired by private application during 
 leisure hours an acquaintance with Greek, Latin, Ger- 
 man, French, Spanish, Italian and Swedish. Mr. Chace 
 has a modest summer cottage, "The Sea Breeze," at 
 Stone Bridge, in Tiverton, R. I, 
 
FALL RIVER. 
 
 489 
 
 STEPHEN BARNABY ASHLEY, son of William H. 
 and Joannah (Barnaby) Ashley, was born in the 
 suburb of Fall River now known as Steep Brook, Dec. 
 25, 1850. His parents were of English descent on his 
 father's side, and of Scottish on his mother's side. Mr. 
 Ashley went to Fall River to live in 1857 ; attended the 
 public schools of the city and studied about two years 
 in the High School, after which he went to Brooklyn, 
 N. Y., and spent two years in the Brooklyn Polytechnic 
 Institute. He then 
 returned to Fall 
 River, and worked 
 as a clerk in the 
 ready-made clothing 
 store of his father. 
 After about four years 
 he was admitted to 
 partnership in his 
 father's business, the 
 firm name being 
 W. H. & S. B. Ashley, 
 and the business 
 being conducted at 
 No. 20 North Main 
 Street. In 1876 this 
 firm closed out its 
 affairs, and Stephen 
 B. Ashley became a 
 coal merchant, which 
 business he carried 
 on three or four years. 
 In 1880 he sold out, 
 and with Stephen 
 Davol, of Fall River, 
 and Byron Smith, of 
 Providence, bought 
 the Middlebury, Vt., 
 cotton mills, which 
 the three operated 
 about a year and a 
 
 half, making cotton yarn. In February, 1882, with 
 William F. Draper, of Hopedale, J. B. Barnaby, of Prov- 
 idence, Simeon B. Chase, of Fall River, and others, 
 he organized the Barnaby Manufacturing Company, of 
 which he has since been the treasurer. The mill of this 
 company is located in the eastern part of the city ; its 
 business is the manufacture of fine colored cotton prod- 
 ucts, or what are called " fine zephyr goods." This mill 
 was the first one of its kind erected in this country, and 
 
 STEPHEN B. ASHLEY 
 
 the first combing machines for the combing of fine yarn 
 which were operated in this section were run in this 
 mill. The mill employs about four hundred and fifty 
 hands. The business, which has a capital of four hun- 
 dred thousand dollars, has paid liberally from the start. 
 It is noteworthy as the only enterprise out of the ordi- 
 nary run of cotton mills and other closely related enter- 
 prises which has been a success since the erection of 
 cotton mills began in Fall River. The goods made at 
 
 the Barnaby mill are 
 sent to every State 
 in the I'nion, and 
 the reputation of the 
 firm has become 
 firmly established. 
 Mr. Ashley was mar- 
 ried on Feb. 18, 
 1874, to Miss Har- 
 riet t e Remington 
 Davol, of Fall River, 
 daughter of Stephen 
 and Sarah F. Davol ; 
 their children are : 
 Mary Easton, .'\nna 
 Byron, William H. 
 and Stephen B. Ash- 
 ley. They reside on 
 Highland Avenue in 
 a large and attractive 
 house, which has 
 been recently 
 erected. In the so- 
 cial life of Fall 
 River he is as well- 
 known as in busi- 
 ness circles. He has 
 travelled much 
 abroad in the course 
 of advancing h i s 
 business, and is 
 known at home and elsewhere as an active, devoted and 
 progressive business man. He is a director in the 
 National Union Bank of Fall River and in the Colum- 
 bia Mutual Life Assurance Company of Providence. 
 In politics, Mr. Ashley is an active Republican, and is a 
 member of the Republican State Central Committee. 
 On all subjects relating to the cotton manufacturing 
 industry Mr. Ashley is well posted, and is one of the 
 best authorities in the city. 
 
490 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 LEONTINE LINCOLN, who was born in Fall River 
 Dec. 26, 1846, is descended from Thomas Lin- 
 coln, a sturdy New England pioneer, who settled in 
 Taunton in 1652, and is the son of Jonathan Thayer 
 and Abby (Luscomb) Lincoln. He was educated in 
 Fall River and at Providence, R. L At nineteen he 
 formed a connection with the business house of Kilburn, 
 Lincoln & Co., a large concern engaged in the manu- 
 facture of cotton and silk looms, of which he is now 
 treasurer, having 
 become thoroughly 
 acquainted with 
 the details of 
 the business. He 
 has since extended 
 his commercial inter- 
 ests in a great many 
 different directions, 
 however, and is pres- 
 ident and a director 
 of the Second Na- 
 tional Bank, presi- 
 dent of the Seacon- 
 net Mills, a director 
 in the Hargraves 
 Mill, a director in 
 the Tecumseh and 
 King Philip Mills, a 
 director in the Bar- 
 nard Manufacturing 
 Company and the 
 Crystal S])ring 
 Bleaching and Dye- 
 ing Company. His 
 connection with the 
 cause of education 
 in the city of F^all 
 R i %• e r has alwaj's 
 been earnest, active 
 and prominent. He 
 
 has been a member of the School Committee since 
 1879, and its chairman since 1888 ; has been a trustee 
 of the Fall River Free Public Library since 1878, and 
 its secretary and treasurer since 1879. He is the sec- 
 retary of the Board of Trustees of the B. M. C. Durfee 
 High School, and a member of the Old Colony Histori- 
 cal Society. The High Street school, which he attended 
 in early life, was named, in honor of him, the Lincoln 
 School, a few years ago. Mr. Lincoln was married in 
 
 ^f 
 
 LEONTINE LINCOLN 
 
 Fall River, May 12, 1868, to Miss Amelia S. Duncan, 
 daughter of Rev. John Duncan and Mary A. (Macowan) 
 Duncan, who has borne him two children, Jonathan 
 Thayer Lincoln and Leontine Lincoln, Jr. The degree 
 of A. M. was conferred upon Mr. Lincoln by Brown 
 LTniversity in 1889. He is a great lover of books and 
 finds his best recreation in extending his wide knowl- 
 edge of them in his valuable and complete library. Mr. 
 Lincoln is a Republican in politics, believing strongly 
 
 in the principles 
 of his party, and 
 earnestly advocating 
 protection in every 
 campaign, where his 
 earnest eloquence 
 has contributed 
 $^^,^ much towards the 
 
 success of the Re- 
 publicans. In his 
 speeches on these 
 occasions he has 
 shown a clear under- 
 standing and a thor- 
 oughly practical 
 grasp of the ques- 
 tions at issue, nota- 
 bly those questions 
 affecting the tariff, 
 on which he has 
 written one very im- 
 portant paper relat- 
 ing to raw material, 
 which has been 
 widely read. H i s 
 style is forcible, 
 graceful and correct, 
 both in writing and 
 speaking. Mr. Lin- 
 coln's sym])athy with 
 all moral and spirit- 
 ual progress is manifest in the unostentatious way in 
 which he devotes his powers to worthy objects apart 
 from business. In his position as chairman of the 
 School Board, it is realized that Mr. Lincoln is likely to 
 have no successor who will conduct the important duties 
 of the office with greater discretion, or aid the mem- 
 bers by a larger fund of knowledge of school affairs. 
 His wide knowledge of men and measures renders him 
 a citizen who is well fitted for the duties of public life. 
 
FALL RIVER. 
 
 491 
 
 FRANK SHAW STEVENS is a native of Rutland, Vt. 
 He was born in that town, Aug. 6, 1827. He 
 received a common-school education, and then entered 
 a store in Westfield, N. V., as clerk. After four years' 
 service in the store he made a trip with other 'Forty- 
 niners to the newly discovered gold fields of California. 
 He did not find the rough life of a miner to his liking, 
 however, and soon abandoned it to go into partnership 
 with Henry Durfee in the e.xpress business. The young 
 men were succeeding 
 finely when high 
 water came on and 
 they were forced to 
 give up theirbusiness. 
 ^[r Stevens then 
 went into the restau- 
 rant business, and 
 subsequently ran a 
 stage line between 
 Sacramento and 
 Flacerville When, 
 in 1854, all the stage 
 lines in California 
 were consolidated 
 under the name of 
 the California Stage 
 Company, he was 
 chosen vice-presi- 
 dent, and had charge 
 of an important di- 
 vision until 1866. On 
 his final return East 
 he settled in Swansea. 
 He still resides in 
 Swansea village, 
 where he is held in 
 high esteem M r . 
 Stevens has large 
 business interests in 
 Kentucky, and has 
 
 been prominently identified with many manufacturing 
 and financial enterprises in Fall River since he became 
 a resident of the vicinity. He is president of the Globe 
 Street Railway Company and the Fall River Merino 
 Company, president of the Afetacomet National Bank, 
 and a director in ten local corporations. Mr. Stevens 
 was a Democrat till the first year of the war ; since then 
 he has been an active Republican : was a State senator 
 in 1884 and a delegate to the National Republican 
 
 FRANK S. STEVENS. 
 
 Conventions of 1884 and 1888. He has been married 
 twice, his first wife having been Julia A. B. Birch, 
 widow of James E. Birch, of Swansea, to whom he was 
 united in July, 1858, and his second and present wife 
 having been Miss Elizabeth R. Case, of Swansea, to 
 whom Mr. Stevens was married .April 22, 1873. They 
 have no children. Mr. Stevens's benefactions in recent 
 years, both public and private, have endeared him to 
 the community ; and his genial disposition makes him 
 
 welcome wherever he 
 goes. In 1890 he 
 gave to the town of 
 Swansea a town hall 
 of modern architec- 
 ture with a tower, bell 
 and clock. The hall 
 is located in Swansea 
 A'illage, not far from 
 M r . Stevens's resi- 
 dence, and is known 
 as Stevens Memo- 
 rial Hall. It affords 
 room for the Swansea 
 Public Library, as 
 well as for town 
 elections and kin- 
 dred uses, and for 
 religious meetings. 
 The seating capacity 
 is five hundred. 
 There are three rooms 
 in the building : a 
 town hall, a library, 
 and a selectmen's 
 room. The structure 
 is of wall stone, taken 
 from Mr. Stevens's 
 fields, with Long- 
 meadow brownstone 
 trimmings. The hall 
 was dedicated Sept. 9, 1891, and the occasion was a 
 memorable one. Mr. Stevens is extremely popular in 
 the social life of Swansea and of Fall Ri\er, and at his 
 beautiful home there have been many brilliant social 
 gatherings. He is interested in the raising of fine 
 stock, and has many fine specimens on his farm at 
 Swansea. In political as well as in business circles, Mr. 
 Stevens exerts a strong and healthful influence, and is 
 widely esteemed by his fellow-citizens. 
 
492 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 SIMEON BORDEN CHASE, one of the foremost 
 manufacturers of Fall River, is a native of Ports- 
 mouth, R. I., where he was born Jan. lo, 1849, the son 
 of Borden and Elizabeth (Thomas) Chase. His early 
 davs were spent in Portsmouth, and he attended school 
 in that town until he was about eighteen years old. He 
 then went to Providence to take a course of study in 
 Scholfield's Commercial College. Having prepared for 
 the first steps of a business career, he was graduated 
 from the college and 
 became a clerk in 
 the office of the Mer- 
 chants' Mill in Fall 
 River. In the spring 
 of 1870 Mr. Chase 
 went to the West, 
 and spent about a 
 year and a half in 
 Nebraska. Return- 
 ing to Fall River, he 
 resumed his place 
 with the Merchants' 
 Mill, in whose office 
 he had become as- 
 sistant book-keeper 
 before he went to the 
 West. In the year 
 1875 Mr. Chase left 
 the employ of the 
 Merchants' Manufac- 
 turing Company to 
 accept a more re- 
 sponsible ]) o s i t i o n 
 with another corpo- 
 ration. He became 
 treasurer of the 
 Tecumseh Mills, in 
 which connection he 
 continued until about 
 the year 1882, when 
 
 he returned to the Merchants' Mill as treasurer. In 
 February, 1885, he became treasurer of the King Philip 
 Mills, which office he has held the past seven years. 
 This corporation is a very large and a very solid one ; 
 is one of the oldest mill concerns in the city and one 
 of the most prosperous. Mr. Chase's interests are by 
 no means confined to the King Philip Mills, for he is 
 also i)resident of the Barnaby Manufacturing Company, 
 and a director of the Tecumseh and Davol Mills, the 
 
 SIMEON B CHASE. 
 
 Crystal Spring Bleaching and Dyeing Company, and the 
 Stevens Manufacturing Company. He was married in 
 1S74 to Miss Louise Whitman Hills, and their children 
 are Mary Whitman, Annie Borden, Louise, Genevieve 
 and Florence Chase. Mr. Chase was at one time a 
 member of the Common Council of Fall River, but 
 has never otherwise engaged in the affairs of municipal 
 government, nor held prominent offices of any kind 
 aside from business. He has for many years been an 
 
 earnest student of 
 economic questions, 
 especially of the 
 tariff, and the result 
 of his study and in- 
 vestigation has 1 e d 
 him to a belief in 
 the ])rotective policy. 
 He is a Republican, 
 and in recent politi- 
 cal campaigns has 
 made many clear, 
 direct and effective 
 speeches in behalf 
 of the [irinciple of 
 protection as it is 
 advocated by the 
 Republican part y. 
 His ability as a pub- 
 lic speaker has thus 
 become recognized, 
 and he has delivered 
 ni a n y lec;tures and 
 read many essays be- 
 fore various literary 
 societies of the city. 
 His writings are 
 notable for practical 
 insight and original 
 presentation of his 
 views. Especially by 
 his articles and speeches on the tariff question Mr. Chase 
 has established an enviable reputation and become widely 
 known as a vigorous thinker. The many responsible posi- 
 tions which he holds in the manufacturing world and his 
 extended experience render him one of the highest 
 authorities in the Commonwealth on questions relating 
 to his special interests. In the business as well as in 
 the social life of Fall River, Mr. Chase is highly esteemed 
 and very popular for his personal qualities. 
 
FALL RLVr.R. 
 
 493 
 
 ANDREW JACKSON JENNINGS, one of the most 
 prominent members of the Fall River bar, was 
 born in that city, Aug. 2, 1849. ^^^'^ early education 
 was obtained in the public schools of Fall River, and 
 after leaving the high school in 1867 he pursued his 
 preparatory studies at Mowry & Goff's Classical School 
 in Providence, R. I. Upon graduating from this insti- 
 tution in 1868, Mr. Jennings matriculated at Brown 
 University and graduated with high honors in the class 
 of 1872. During his 
 college course Mr. 
 Jennings took a lively 
 interest in athletic 
 sports, and was cap- 
 tain of the base-ball 
 nines of his class 
 
 and of the univer- _ ,,,. 
 
 sity. After leaving 
 college, Mr. Jennings 
 was for two years 
 p r i n c i [) a 1 of the 
 Warren (R. I.) High 
 School, and in 1874 
 entered upon the 
 study of law, in the 
 office of James M. 
 Morton in Fall River. 
 He then entered the 
 Law School of Bos- 
 ton University, from 
 which he was grad- 
 uated with the degree 
 of LL. B. in May, 
 1876. Immediately 
 thereafter he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar of 
 Bristol County, and 
 became Mr. Morton's 
 partner, the firm 
 name being Morton 
 
 & Jennings. This relation continued until 1890, when 
 Mr. Morton was appointed a justice of the Supreme 
 Judicial Court of Massachusetts. Mr. Jennings subse- 
 quently formed a law partnership with Mr. John S. 
 Brayton, Jr., which was dissolved about a year ago. He 
 is now engaged in the practice of law alone, and has a 
 large and increasing business. Mr. Jennings is consid- 
 ered one of the ablest corporation lawyers in the Com- 
 monwealth, though he by no means confines himself to 
 
 ANDREW J. JENNINGS. 
 
 this class of practice. He early accjuired an enviable 
 reputation as a hard-working, painstaking and consci- 
 entious advocate, and this reputation has been well 
 sustained. Among the qualities which have assured his 
 success are his earnestness and his ability to identify 
 himself thoroughly with the interests of his client. Mr. 
 Jennings was a member of the School Committee of 
 Fall River for three years, during which time he ren- 
 dered valuable aid to the cause of education. He was 
 
 elected to the Mas- 
 sachusetts House of 
 Representatives i n 
 1877, and served on 
 the Judiciary Com- 
 mittee in that body. 
 Re-elected the fol- 
 lowing year, he again 
 served on the same 
 committee. In 1881 
 Mr. Jennings was 
 elected to the State 
 Senate, where he was 
 also a member of the 
 Committee on Judi- 
 ciary. He was one of 
 the most active and 
 useful members of 
 the Legislature, and 
 though a strong 
 Republican he was 
 not biassed by par- 
 tisanship. He has 
 at various times 
 taken an active part 
 in poll t i cal c am- 
 paigns, his sjiieeches 
 being remarkable for 
 the effectiveness of 
 their logic. Mr. 
 Jennings has for sev- 
 eral years been a trustee of the corporation of Brown 
 University. He is also identified with several of the 
 leading corporations of the city, being a director in the 
 Merchants' Mfg. Co., the Globe Yarn Mills and the San- 
 ford Spinning Company. In religion, Mr. Jennings is a 
 Baptist. His domestic and social relations have been 
 very pleasant. On Christmas Day, 1879, he was married 
 to Miss Marion G. Saunders, of Warren, R. I., and they 
 have two children, Oliver Saunders and Marion Jennings. 
 
494 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE city of Fall River does not rest her fame alone 
 upon her manufactures, or the fact that she has 
 given her name to the most famous of the world's float- 
 ing palaces. She excels in the character of her public 
 men, and to none of them does she offer a more gen- 
 erous meed of respect than to the gentleman upon 
 whose career this slight sketch is based. James Fred- 
 erick Jackson, son of Elisha T. and Caroline (Fobes) 
 Jackson, was born in Taunton, Mass., Nov. 13, 1851. 
 In his boyhood he 
 attended the Taun- 
 ton public schools, 
 and after proper 
 preparation entered 
 Harvard University 
 in 1869, and was 
 graduated therefrom 
 four years later. He 
 went from college, 
 where he studied dil- 
 igently, to the law 
 office of Hon. Ed- 
 mund H. Bennett, 
 in Taunton, and sub- 
 sequently pursued a 
 course in the Boston 
 University Law 
 School, being gradu- 
 ated in 1875. In 
 the September fol- 
 lowing graduation 
 Mr. Jackson opened 
 a law office in Fall 
 River. He practised 
 his profession alone 
 until 1878, when 
 he formed a law- 
 partnership with 
 John J. Archer, Ksij. 
 Mr. Archer dying in 
 
 1882, Mr. Jackson formed a partnership with Mr. David 
 F. Slade, the firm name being Jackson & Slade. In 
 June, 1 89 1, Richard P. Borden, Esq., became a mem- 
 ber, and the firm name was changed to Jackson, Slade 
 cS: Borden. This firm is at present (1892) one of the 
 leading law firms of Fall River. Mr. Jackson was mar- 
 ried on June 16, 1882, to Miss Caroline S. Thurston, 
 daughter of the late Rev. Eli Thurston, D. D., who was an 
 honored pastor of the Central Congregational Church of 
 
 JAMES F. JACKSON. 
 
 Fall River, and of Julia k. Thurston, who survives her 
 husband. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson have one child, a 
 daughter, Edith. Mr. Jackson has not been without 
 some military experience, having become connected 
 with the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia in 1879 ; served 
 as second lieutenant of Company M, First Regiment 
 Infantry ; served as paymaster on Colonel A. C. Wel- 
 lington's staff, and having been elected major and lieu- 
 tenant-colonel, which latter office he resigned in 1891. 
 
 He was solicitor of 
 Fall River from 1880 
 to 1889, with the ex- 
 ception of one year, 
 and was elected 
 mayor of the city on 
 the Republican 
 ticket in 18S8, and 
 again in 18S9. In 
 his practice as a law- 
 yer, both before and 
 since his acceptance 
 of the mayoralty, he 
 has been connected 
 with many very im- 
 portant cases, and 
 has been quite as 
 conspicuous in his 
 legal services in 
 other parts of the 
 State as in Fall 
 River, while his con- 
 duct as city solicitor 
 of the case of the 
 city in the water 
 suits pending dur- 
 ing his administra- 
 tion as mayor was 
 recognized as excep- 
 tionally able and 
 honorable. Mr. 
 Jackson has been connected for years with the Central 
 Congregational Church, of which he is an influential 
 member ; was the first president of the present Fall 
 River Young Men's Christian Association ; and is an 
 active promoter of public enterprises, both by reason of 
 his connection with the Fall River Board of Trade and 
 in his capacity as a sound and able business man. On 
 all ([uestions of municipal policy and government, Mr. 
 Jackson's word carries great weight. 
 
OCCUPYING a prominent position on the northern promontory of Massachusetts Bay, a headland about^five 
 miles in average breadth and extending about nine miles from the mainland into the Atlantic Ocean, named 
 Cape Ann by Prince Charles of England in honor of his mother, the consort of James I., Gloucester combines in 
 an unusual degree the attractions of woodland, hillside, beach and sea. 
 
 Its wholesome ocean breezes, seaside delights and facilities for sailing, fishing and bathing ; its lovely inland 
 byways and rural drives and rambles ; its sweet-scented pastures, covered with the fragrant bayberry, sweet-fern, 
 and acres of wild roses; and its sightly hills, commanding the most beautiful prospects by sea and land, have 
 made it a favorite summer resort for thousands from all parts of the land. 
 
 Its natural location and the enterprising, adventurous and hardy character of its early settlers have made 
 it the leading fish-producing port of the western continent. Its keels part all waters, from the outlying banks of 
 the New England, Canadian and Newfoundland coasts to far-away Greenland, Iceland, and the North Sea. Its 
 white-winged messengers of fishing commerce vie in symmetry of outline, staying qualities and speed with the 
 costly pleasure yacht of the lordly millionnaire. Its hardy sons know no fear, and are deterred by no danger in 
 their pursuit of the finny tribes, and its enterprising merchants are prompt to ado])t every device to place their 
 product upon the market in the most attractive and inviting guise. 
 
 'I'he first occupation of the territory by white men was in 1623, when a fishing vessel sent out from England 
 completed its cargo in Massachusetts Bay, and proceeded with the same to Spain, lea\ing fourteen men "in the 
 country at Cape Anne" to commence a plantation. Returning the next year with another \essel, both proceeded 
 to England after an unsuccessful season, leaving thirty-two men behind. In 1625 three vessels were sent out 
 from England with " kine and other provisions," and Roger Conant was summoned from Plymouth as governor of 
 the new colony. But from various causes the enterprise failed, the plantation was broken up, and Mr. Conant and 
 some of the men went further west to Naumkeag to establish the colony at Salem. How soon thereafter Glou- 
 cester became the residence of new settlers it is impossible to tell. It seems to have had permanent residents in 
 1633 ; fishing operations were conducted as early as 1639, and it was incorporated as a plantation in 1642. 
 
 It is now a city of 26,000 inhabitants (incorporated in 1873). Its leading industry is fishing, in which 
 it employs a fleet of 375 vessels, of some 25,000 tons, and from 4,000 to 5,000 men. It has also a large net 
 and twine factory, an anchor factory, three marine railways, and other manufactures incidental to the fisheries ; 
 a shoe factory and other business enterprises ; an excellent system of water supply, gas and electric lighting plants, 
 an electric street railway, railroad and steamboat connection with Boston, a free public library, and numerous 
 institutions of charity and benevolence. 
 
 The loving loyalty of her sons is shown by the Old Ladies' Home, the gift of Joseph F. Huntress; the 
 Home for Aged Men and \\omen, the Gilbert Hospital, and other benefactions from Adclison Gilbert, who"left his 
 entire estate for local public benevolence ; the Sawyer Free Library, Ravenswood Park, and charitable endowments 
 from Samuel E. Sawyer, a i)rincely benefactor ; a fund of Sio,ooo for temperance work from Charles Saunders, 
 and prospective benefits from the estates of John Woodward Lowe and George O. Hovey. 
 
 Last summer Gloucester observed the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of her incorporation as a town, 
 with a three days' celebration on a scale of magnificent proportions. The White Squadron and many beautiful 
 private yachts graced the waters of her beautiful harbor ; her sons and daughters came home from distant States 
 to exchange their congratulations with their old-time school-fellows ; her streets were thronged with visitors from 
 far and near to witness the spectacular exhibit ; and statesmen, soldiers, sailors, artists, merchants and men 
 eminent in every walk of life sat at her hospitable board. 
 
 Entering thus upon a new era, with bright prospects ahead and energy to secure them, who shall predict 
 her future career? The beauty which Nature provides will always endure to attract visitors to her health-giving 
 shores ; the sea will not refuse its har^'ests to recompense the toil of her valiant sons, and, with a past to rejoice 
 in, she may confidently look forward to further advance, additional triumphs, and a glory yet to be won. 
 
496 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 A 
 
 SA G. ANDREWS, mayor of Clloucester, was born 
 West Gloucester, June 24, 1843. When a 
 child his parents removed to the neighboring town of 
 Essex. Here he spent his childhood, and obtained a 
 good common-school education among a sturdy and 
 well-to-do people, amid pleasant scenes and intelligent 
 companionship. At the age of twenty-one he left this 
 home and branched out for himself, and for five years 
 was in the grocery liusiness at Concord, N. H. He 
 then went to Glou- 
 cester and entered 
 the employment of 
 Charles Parkhurst & 
 Son, and later on 
 acted as agent for 
 the Parkhurst ma- 
 rine railways, which 
 jjosition he filled 
 with ability for six- 
 teen years. Mr. An- 
 d r e w s has been 
 closely i d en t i fi ed 
 with the affairs of 
 the city, and has 
 always acted with 
 the Republican 
 party, serving on the 
 city committee for a 
 number of years. 
 In 1880 he was hon- 
 ored by the citizens 
 of Ward Three with 
 an election to the 
 C o m m o n Council, 
 and re-elected in 
 1881. In 1882 he 
 was elected alder- 
 man, and re-elected 
 in 1888 and 1889, 
 the latter year serv- 
 ing as president of the board with credit. During his 
 term of service he was a \aluable, conservati\e and 
 conscientious member of the committees on Public 
 
 ASA G. ANDREWS 
 
 made quite a saving in the cost of these well-planned 
 buildings. He was also a member of the board of 
 trustees of the Huntress Home for Aged Ladies. In 
 December, 1890, he was elected mayor by a handsome 
 majority, was re-elected in 1891 and in 1892, and is 
 now serving his third term, an honor which never 
 before has been accorded to any citizen, pro\ing his 
 popularity as a man and a public ofTicial. He now 
 devotes his whole time to the affairs of the city, and 
 
 citizens are sure of a 
 careful hearing when 
 they call on His 
 Honor at the City 
 Hall during office 
 hours. In 1892 the 
 two hundred and 
 fiftieth anniversary 
 of the incorporation 
 of Gloucester as a 
 town was celebrated, 
 an arduous year for 
 one occupying the 
 p3sition of mayor. 
 The chief executive 
 acquitted himself 
 with great credit, 
 and proved to be 
 the right man in the 
 right place, taking a 
 great interest in for- 
 warding matters, and 
 aiding the anniver- 
 sary committee in 
 e\'ery way to make 
 the occasion, as it 
 proved to be, one of 
 the most successful 
 and well-conducted 
 celebrations e\er 
 attempted in the 
 Commonwealth, long to be remembered by all who 
 came from far and near to do honor to the good old 
 city by the sea. Mr. Andrews is a veteran Odd Fellow 
 
 Property, Police, Fire Department and .Accounts. As and a member and past sachem of the Red Men. He 
 
 chairman of the Committee on Public Property he had is a charter jnember, director, and member of the invest- 
 
 charge of the erection of the handsome new high school ment committee of the co-operative bank. He married, 
 
 building, the new police court house and armory, Dec. 21, 1863, Almira C.Haskell, of West Gloucester, 
 
 buildings of which any city may well be proud. His and has two daughters living,— M. Addie, wife of Charles 
 
 care and attention, and his practical business methods, H. Coos, of F^ast Gloucester, and Miss Edith G.Andrews. 
 
GLOUCESTER. 
 
 497 
 
 SYLVANUS SMITH was born in Sandy Bay (now 
 Rockport), Gloucester, March lo, 1829. He was 
 a son of William and Charlotte (Poole) Smith. Cap- 
 tain Smith's great-grandfather was born on Castle Island, 
 in Boston Harbor, in colonial days, and served as a 
 pri\ateersman in the Revolutionary War. His father, 
 William, li\ed to a \enerable age, dying in Gloucester, 
 May 18, 1883, lacking only a month of the age of 85. 
 His mother belonged to a family long and intimately 
 connected with the 
 history of the town. 
 Captain Smith's edu- 
 cation was received 
 in the public schools 
 of his native village. 
 In those days the 
 boys had to " lend a 
 hand," and at eleven 
 years of age he started 
 out to earn a living 
 as an operative fisher- 
 man. By hard work, 
 perseverance and a 
 determination to suc- 
 ceed, he worked his 
 way up to be master 
 of his craft, then 
 owner and outfitter 
 of a large fleet. In 
 1864 he entered into 
 partnership with Cap- 
 tain Joseph Rowe, 
 also a successful mas- 
 ter-mariner in the 
 fishing trade, engag- 
 ing in the business 
 on an extensive scale. 
 In 1867 the copart- 
 nership was dis- 
 solved, Captain Smith 
 
 continuing the business with Addison Gott, Jr., the firm 
 continuing for ten years, when Mr. Gott retired, and 
 later Captain Smith took as a partner his son-in-law, 
 E. Archer Bradley, and afterwards admitted his son, 
 Howard F. Smith, under the style of Sylvanus Smith 
 & Co. The business is still conducted on an extensive 
 scale, fitting a large fleet and handling large quantities 
 of fish. In politics Captain Smith is an ardent Repub- 
 lican, and he is now serving his second term as a mem- 
 
 SYLVANUS SMITH. 
 
 ber of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, 
 where he has made a good record as an industrious and 
 useful member, particularly on matters connected with 
 the fishing and maritime interests, in which he is well 
 versed. He is popular in his party and out of it, and 
 no doubt will win other honors in the political field if 
 he desires to do so. He has represented the fishery 
 interests of his native city on several occasions at 
 Washington, Halifax, etc., when practical information 
 
 was desired to pro- 
 tect the rights of the 
 fishermen and out- 
 fitters. He has been 
 a director of the 
 Gloucester Mutual 
 Fishing Insurance 
 Company for the past 
 twenty-five years; 
 for nearly twenty 
 years a director of the 
 First National Bank 
 of Gloucester ; vice- 
 president and di- 
 rector of the Glouces- 
 ter Net and Twine 
 Company for the past 
 eight years, and pres- 
 ident of the Glouces- 
 ter Board of Trade 
 in 1890 and 1891. 
 Captain Smith has 
 been twice married, 
 — first to Sarah P. 
 .Atwood, who died 
 without issue.. His 
 second wife is Eliza 
 C, daughter of 
 Charles and Harriet 
 (Smith) Rowe, of 
 Rockport, by whom 
 he has had twelve children, five of whom are now living, 
 viz., two daughters, — Martha, wife of E. Archer Brad- 
 ley, and Eliza, wife of Fred. A. Fisher, — and three 
 sons, Howard F., Horace and Sylvanus. He is an excel- 
 lent representative of the hardy men who have done 
 so much to develop the fishery interests of Gloucester, 
 and, having accumulated a handsome estate, is content 
 to commit a portion of the responsibility to younger 
 men, and devote his time to public duties. 
 
498 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO~DAY. 
 
 WILLIAM H. WONSON, 311, comes from a well- 
 known (Uoucester family, being a descendant 
 of John Wonson, an early settler at Sandy Bay, now 
 Rockport, where he married a daughter of the first set- 
 tler, Richard Tarr, in 1720, and had a house as early as 
 1726. John W'onson's youngest son, Samuel, removed 
 to Last Gloucester, at which place the family is now a 
 large one, his descendants being among the most enter- 
 prising, reliable and perse\ering fishing merchants of 
 Gloucester, and are 
 now n u m b e r e d 
 among her most re- 
 spected citizens. 
 William H. Wonson, : 
 
 3d, was born in 
 Gloucester, June 22, 
 1826, son of William 
 H. and Susan ( Par- 
 sons) Wonson, who 
 are both still living, 
 being among the 
 oldest citizens. Mr. 
 Wonson is probably 
 the only man in the 
 city, of his age, who 
 has both his parents 
 now living. Mr. 
 Wonson was edu- 
 cated in the public 
 schools of (ilouces- 
 ter. In his boyhood 
 and early manhood 
 he followed the fish- 
 eries a s a business 
 for eighteen years, 
 starting out a t the 
 tender age of ten 
 years to earn a live- 
 lihood, and help his 
 father along, a s a 
 
 fisherman, rising to the command of a fine fishing 
 schooner at the age of twenty-four years, and continuing 
 as master for four years. About this time he retired 
 from fishing, and with his father, his two brothers, 
 Benjamin and Addison, established a new branch of 
 the fishing business, the purchase, smoking and sale of 
 smoked halibut, under the firm name of \\'illiam H. 
 Wonson & Son, which enterprise from the start has 
 been very successful. Mr. Wonson has ever been an 
 
 Wk 
 
 WILLIAM H, WONSON, 3cl. 
 
 active Republican, has fre(|uently served as a member 
 of the City Committee from Ward One, and always taken 
 part in ])ublic affairs. When the city government was 
 established in 1873 he was elected as an alderman 
 from his native ward, and re-elected in 1874, serv- 
 ing for the years 1874 and 1875, the first years of the 
 city go\ernment, with credit to himself and benefit to 
 his ward. He was chosen representative to the Massa- 
 chusetts (General Court in 1881, re-elected in 1882, and 
 
 was a \'alued mem- 
 ber, especially on 
 matters conne c t e d 
 «» wit h the fisheries. 
 
 He served on the im- 
 |)ortant committee of 
 harbor and pub I i c 
 lands. He kept 
 well in line in h i s 
 politii'al career, for 
 in the year 1883 he 
 was the choice of 
 the people for mayor, 
 and was re-elected 
 to serve in 1884, 
 making an honest 
 and conser \' a t i V e 
 executive. He is 
 the only ( Gloucester 
 mayor who has e\er 
 had the same Board 
 of Aldermen elected 
 and serve for the two 
 consecutive years 
 while he held the 
 office. Mr. Wonson 
 is president of the 
 Gloucester Fisher- 
 man's Institute, di- 
 rector and member of 
 the Executive Com- 
 mittee of the Gloucester Board of Trade. He is a trustee 
 of the Prospect Street Methodist Episcopal Church, in 
 which he takes a lively interest. He spends his summers 
 at Asbury Grove. He married, ."Vpril 30, 1848, Judith \\'. 
 Tarr, by whom he had four children, one son and three 
 daughters. The son died in early life ; the oldest 
 daughter, Judith K., married Augustus Hubbard; Ida 
 married Osborn P. Linnekin, and Josephine married 
 Sidney H. Savage, and all are settled in Gloucester. 
 
GLOUCESTER. 
 
 499 
 
 F 
 
 RANCIS PROCTER, eldest son of Francis Epes 
 and Ann (Allen) Procter, was born in Gloucester, 
 March i6, 1833. His mother was descended from Rev. 
 fohn White, who, ordained April 21, 1703, ser\ed the 
 First Parish fifty-eight years. On his father's side he is 
 a descendant from Rev. Francis Higginson, the first 
 minister at Salem, John Procter who was put to death 
 in the witchcraft delusion of 1692, and Colonel \Villiam 
 Prescott, of Bunker Hill fame. He was educated in 
 the Gloucester pub- 
 lic schools. H i s 
 father died in 1846, 
 when he was thir- 
 teen years old, leav- 
 ing him, with two 
 younger brothers, 
 the support of his 
 mother, who shortly 
 after lost her eye- 
 sight. Borrowing 
 of her one dollar 
 he purchased thirty- 
 three copies of the 
 Flag of our Union 
 and thus started a 
 business now em- 
 bracing printing, 
 |)ul)lishing, booksell- 
 ing, stationery, wall- 
 paper and a general 
 new'spaper trad e. 
 In 1854 he took his 
 brother, George H. 
 Procter, as a partner, 
 starting the firm of 
 Procter Brothers (his 
 younger brother, Wil- 
 liam A., having died 
 in 1848). In July, 
 1853, "Procter's Able 
 
 Sheet" was started and published monthly, and was later 
 changed to the Gloucester AJvcrtiscr, a semi-monthly. 
 In 1856 the Cape Ann Aihvr/isrr w^^'a first issued and 
 is still published weekly. Their latest venture, the 
 Gloucester Daily Times, came out June 16, 1888, and is 
 now printed on a Cox duplex iierfecting press. Mr. 
 Procter has always been interested in jiublic improvements 
 notably, the laying out of Belle\ue Heights for residen- 
 tial lots. The firm is also interested in Wolf Hill and 
 
 FRANCIS PROCTER. 
 
 Willoughby Park, pleasant summer resorts. Mr. Procter 
 was a delegate to the first Free -Soil Con\ention at Wor- 
 cester; served as auditor of the town accounts in 1861 ; 
 attended the Liberal Republican Convention of 1872 ;was 
 a member of the Conference Committee that nominated 
 Charles Sumner for governor ; was alderman from Ward 
 Four in 1876, and has always been an active Republi- 
 can. He joined the Masonic Fraternity in early man- 
 hood, was secretary of Tyrian Lodge for two years, 
 
 chairman of the 
 Parish Committee of 
 the Independent 
 Christian Society 
 (the oldest Univer- 
 salist Church in 
 America), from 1883 
 to 1889 ; is secretary 
 and tieasurer of the 
 Wolf Hill Land 
 Company, and ]jresi- 
 dent of the Wil- 
 loughby Park Land 
 Association. He is 
 also director of the 
 Gloucester Board of 
 Trade, chairman of 
 the Committee on 
 Manufactures, direc- 
 tor of the Gloucester 
 Cooperative Bank, 
 and a member of the 
 Board of Park Com- 
 missi o n e r s. Mr. 
 Procter married in 
 Marlboro', M-flss., 
 March 15, 1856, 
 Mary Melissa, 
 daughter of Solomon 
 and Mary H. (Per- 
 kins) Rice, of that 
 town. His children are Frank Rice, George Perkins 
 (deceased), William Allen and Mary iM. Procter. He 
 helped organize the Massachusetts Press Association in 
 1S69, served as secretary two years, vice-president five 
 years, president three years, is fourth vice-president Amer- 
 ican Associated Dailies, and has been delegate to many 
 conventions of the National Editorial Association, and 
 member of its Executive Committee. Mr. Procter has 
 tra\'elled extensively, spending two winters in Bermuda. 
 

 PITrSFIELD is the first city of Berkshire County. It is situated almost in the centre of a geographical amphi- 
 theatre, the Taconics, Washington Mountain, Perry's Peak and Potter Mountain rising about it like 
 sentinels. Visitors are speedily imjiressed with its wide streets, stately trees and substantial buildings. There 
 are six lakes within Pittsfield's borders and numberless scenic panoramas which would alone make the place 
 celebrated. Pittsfield became a city in 1891, feeling that, with eighteen thousand inhabitants, letter-carrier 
 service, well-organized police and fire departments, fire-alarm telegrajjh, fine water supply, electric lights, telephone 
 facilities, first-class sidewalks, street railway, etc., the place had attained municipal importance. By this change, 
 however, Pittsfield has lost none of its air of refinement and its loveliness as a summer resort. 
 
 Since 1868 Pittsfield has been the county seat, thus gaining a fine marble court house and soon after a 
 correspondingly substantial jail. Admirable railroad facilities have contributed much toward its development, 
 Boston and New York being within five hours' ride by way of the Boston & Albany and Housatonic branch of the 
 New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. Pittsfield has always nurtured its educational, industrial, social and 
 religious interests. Its aristocracy has never been of the purse-proud, arrogant type, but rather of the earnest, 
 ])atriotic sort, possessed of the same spirit that led " Fighting Parson" Allen to drop his sermon to participate in 
 the battle of Bennington. Linked with the history of the town are the names of Plunkett, Barker, Pomeroy, 
 Allen, Francis, Parker, Colt, Dunham, Childs and Russell. The town has always had something of a literary tone, 
 deepened perhaps by Dr. 01i\er Wendell Holmes's summer residence, Herman Mehille's home at "Arrowhead," 
 and the late Poet Longfellow's frequent \isits. Its pulpits have almost invariably been filled with pastors of strong 
 personality, such as Rev. Dr. John Todd, Rev. Dr. Heman Humphrey, Rev. Dr. William C. Richards and Rev. 
 Dr. William Wilberforce Newton. 
 
 Several libraries were founded as early as 1796. The Athenjeum, Pittsfield's present library building, stands 
 a monument to the late Thomas Allen, one of her self-made sons, who never lost his love for his native place, 
 although most of his life was passed in the West, he being the chief promoter of the Pacific Railroad and presi- 
 dent of the first company that began its construction. The Athenseum also contains an art gallery and museum 
 and rooms of the Berkshire Historical and Scientific Society. 
 
 The Business Men's Association was organized in 1881 with over a hundred members, and has convenient 
 rooms of its own. Pittsfield's increasing manufacturing establishments are to a great extent hidden away in the 
 extremities of the city, so that the principal streets retain all their old picturesqueness, so agreeable to the hun- 
 dreds of visitors who annually flock from the great cities to its summer hotels and many private residences. The 
 place has interesting residences. There is, for instance, the Thomas Plunkett house, once the home of Thomas 
 Gold, who, tradition has it, sat in an upper chamber and saw his own funeral, as the procession passed to the 
 cemetery. It was necessary, if the old story is to be believed, that, owing to some financial transactions, he 
 should be dead. After the obsequies he made his escape to distant lands. It was in this house that Longfellow's 
 famous poem, "The Old Clock on the Stairs," was written, and the clock remains in the same hallway to this day. 
 
 Twenty-six common schools serve to show the wide diffusion of educational advantages. At a period just 
 before the town became a city the real estate valuation was jilaced at $7,101,525, with personal estate sufficient to 
 bring the grand total to §9,893,959. Pittsfield's banking facilities are excellent, the loan and discount business of 
 three institutions reaching over §2,000,000 in a recent year. Its. industries are widely diversified, although the 
 manufacture of woollens, yarns, braids, shoes and shoe and iron specialties predominate. The city has several 
 noteworthy insurance companies and four newspapers. Pittsfield, with its unrommon ad\antages and encircled by 
 such interesting places as Lenox and Stockbridge, is an ideal home. 
 
PFTTSFIELD. 
 
 SOI 
 
 JABEZ L. PECK, mayor of Pittsfield and once before 
 the chief executive of his native city, was born 
 Dec. 7, 1826. He descended from pioneer New 
 England stock, his father Jabez and his uncle F'lijah 
 Peck being the foimders of what is now known as the 
 Peck Lower Mill, he succeeding them in the manufac- 
 ture of cotton yarn. His mother was Clarissa Peck. 
 Young Peck gained a good education in the public 
 schools and early entered the manufacturing business, 
 which was to prove 
 his life-work, grasp- 
 ing its details readily, 
 for he inherited a 
 liking for the impor- 
 tant industrial niche 
 destiny had marked 
 out for him . In 
 1864, i n company 
 with Joseph K. Kil- 
 burn, he built the 
 Peck Upper Mill, 
 for the manufacture 
 of flannels. Four 
 years later he bought 
 out his partner and 
 in 1 888 constructed 
 the large weave sheds 
 of the Peck Manu- 
 facturing Company. 
 He is at the head of 
 this prosperous con- 
 cern, which gives 
 employment to two 
 hundred a n d fifty 
 hands, and from the 
 first, through poor 
 and prosperous times, 
 has conducted it 
 with rare business 
 skill, energy and 
 
 forethought. His life as a business man, public officer, 
 citizen and pioneer is thoroughly interwoven with the 
 history of the old town which he has served five years 
 as water commissioner, ten as chief engineer of the fire 
 department, having always been a member of Company 
 No. I, and one year a selectman. He is president of 
 and a director in the stanch old Berkshire Mutual Fire 
 Insurance Company, which was organized in 1835, a 
 director and member of the Finance Committee of the 
 
 JABEZ L. PECK 
 
 Berkshire Life Insurance Company, a director in the 
 Agricultural National Bank, a trustee and member of the 
 Finance Committee of the Berkshire Savings Bank, and 
 a trustee in the Pittsfield Cemetery Corporation, be- 
 side being prominent in the affairs of the First Church 
 parish. Mr. Peck was elected to the Board of Alder- 
 man from Ward Three in 1890 and was chosen presi- 
 dent, in which position he did efficient work. So 
 heartily did his work commend itself to members of his 
 
 party that he was 
 unanimously nomi- 
 nated for the mayor- 
 alty a year later, and 
 although the city is 
 naturallyDemocratic, 
 was elected after an 
 exceedingly exciting 
 and interesting cam- 
 paign. His admin- 
 istration was char- 
 acterized by a firm 
 and wise control of 
 municipal affairs, and 
 an economical man- 
 agement of the city's 
 finances. At the 
 close of his admin- 
 istration there was a 
 general demand for 
 h i s renomination, 
 which was so strong 
 as to overcome his 
 personal preferences, 
 and he reluctantly 
 consented to again 
 
 be a candidater He 
 
 was re-elected by a 
 largely increased 
 majority, at a time 
 when the city stood 
 peculiarly in need of a firm and level-headed execu- 
 tive, the result giving satisfaction to men of all parties. 
 Mayor Peck was married in 1853 to Miss Elizabeth U. 
 Dowse, and has two children, Thomas D., who is asso- 
 ciated with him in business, and Miss Mary Clarissa 
 Peck. He resides on East Street, one of the loveliest 
 and most aristocratic avenues of the city. Mayor Peck 
 has the reputation of being one of the ablest financiers 
 in Berkshire County. 
 
502 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 COLONEL WALTKR CUTTING was born in 
 Westchester County, New York, April 19, 1.S41, 
 being the son of the late Robert L. Cutting and the late 
 Juliana Cutting, of New York City. He spent his boy- 
 hood days in and about the metropolis. Entering 
 Columbia College, he was graduated from that institu- 
 tion in the class of 1862. The war had fairly begun as 
 he closed his studies, and he was not long in determin- 
 ing which way duty led. He was mustered into ser\ice 
 as ensign of Com- 
 pany G, Thirtieth 
 Regiment, New York 
 Volunteers, Jan. 10, 
 1862. He was 
 speedily detailed on 
 staff duty as aide-de- 
 cam]) to Brigadier- 
 General (afterwards 
 Major -Creneral) C. 
 C. Augur. Three 
 months after enlisting 
 he was promoted to 
 the first lieutenancy 
 of Company f .. The 
 next year he was 
 made captain a n d 
 additional a i d e-de- 
 camp, being mus- 
 tered out of service 
 in July, 1866, when 
 he was bre\etted 
 lieutenant-c o 1 o n e 1, 
 for " gallant and mer- 
 itorious services." 
 In December, 1863, 
 Lieutenant - Colon e 1 
 Cutting was made 
 major and senior 
 aide-de-camp of the 
 Twenty-second .Army 
 
 Corps. Although closely confined to his varied busi- 
 ness enterprises, he has never lost interest in military 
 affairs, being a member of the Grand .\rmy and of the 
 Military Order of the Loyal I>egion of the United 
 States. Mr. Cutting is now colonel and senior aide-de- 
 camp to Governor William E. Russell of Massachusetts, 
 in which State he has resided since May, 1868. Thus, 
 at the age of twenty-five, Mr. Cutter found himself a 
 lieutenant-colonel, having been graduated when he was 
 
 WALTER CUTTING. 
 
 only twenty-one years old. Two years after returning 
 from the war he engaged in the manufacture of paper 
 at Dalton, Mass., with the late Major-General William 
 F. Bartlett, of the I'nited States Volunteers, the firm 
 being known as Kartlett & Cutting. The concern was 
 dissolved in September, 1875, after having gained a 
 wide-spread reputation for the quality of its products. 
 During his whole life Mr. Cutting has been a fancier of 
 fine horses and cattle, and for several years past has 
 
 devoted especial at- 
 tention to the breed- 
 ing of fast steppers 
 and (iuernsey cattle, 
 until the Cutting 
 farm has become 
 justly celebrated 
 throughout the East- 
 ern States. Colonel 
 Cutting has many 
 other interests, how- 
 ever, his stock inter- 
 ests being simply the 
 outgrowth of a gen- 
 tleman's stable. Al- 
 though he spends 
 some of his time in 
 New York, Colonel 
 Cutting has a deep 
 and abiding interest 
 in Pittsfiekl affairs, 
 and has jilayed his 
 ])art in the de\eloi)- 
 ment of the bustling 
 ISerkshire city, being 
 identified with its 
 most soliil institu- 
 tions. His residence 
 and grounds are 
 among the finest in 
 that pict u r e sq u e 
 municipality. In his earlier years he was interested in 
 the George Y. Learned Engine Company No. 2, which 
 is the " crack " fire organization of Pittsfield. Colonel 
 Cutting stands high in Masonry, having reached the 
 thirty-third degree, and is also a member of the Mystic 
 Shrine. He was once the Democratic candidate for 
 the lieutenant-governorship of Massachusetts. He 
 wedded Miss M. C. Pomeroy, daughter of Robert 
 Pomeroy, of Pittsfield, Sept. 30, 1869. 
 
PITTSFIELD. 
 
 503 
 
 OIIVKR WKLLS ROBBINS is a genuine son of 
 Ilerkshire. He was born in Pittsfield, Aug. 20, 
 1 81 2, and has always lived there, his jiarents being 
 Elijah and Thankful Wells Robbins. Young Robbins, 
 after completing the course of the jiublic schools, 
 engaged in farming, which occupation had consumed 
 much of his previous attention, for he was brought up 
 in the stern school of workers, which has ]iroduced so 
 many successful men. It may be truly said of him that 
 he has never known 
 an idle day in all his 
 long life. In 1856 
 he started in the re- 
 t a i 1 shoe business, 
 which he continued 
 for ten years, until, 
 his health failing, he 
 was forced to retire. 
 Four years later, 
 having recovered his 
 bodily \igor, he en- 
 gaged in shoe nian- 
 u f ac t u r i n g with 
 fharles W. Kellogg, 
 the firm being known 
 as Robbins & Kel- 
 logg, and being still 
 in existence. Mr. 
 Robbins was elected 
 to the Massachusetts 
 House of Represen- 
 tatives in 1880, and 
 was a member of the 
 State Senate ten 
 years later. In 1892 
 he served the Dem- 
 ocrats as candidate 
 for mayor of Pitts- 
 field. He has always 
 taken a deep inter- 
 est in public affairs, and has rarely been known to miss a 
 town meeting or caucus, no matter how small its prom- 
 ised import, and has sometimes been styled " the 
 watch-dog of the treasury," because of his economical 
 views. Still, his prudence is anything but of the mis- 
 erlv tvpe, and his candor and fairness have always been 
 so marked as to win him friends among his political 
 opponents. A prominent newspaper, independent in 
 its politics, once summed up Mr. Robbins's characteris- 
 
 OLIVER W. ROBBINS 
 
 tics in these words : " He is a good financier, a safe 
 counsellor and a man of sand." He is familiar with all 
 the plodding hardshijjs of life, which has pro\ed a valu- 
 able experience, not only to himself but to his constitu- 
 ents. Beginning the shoe manufacturing business in a 
 modest way, he has seen it increase until the yearly 
 cash transactions of the concern have exceeded five 
 hundred thousand dollars. The firm of Robbins & 
 Kellogg is doubtless the largest industry of its kind in 
 
 Western Massachu- 
 setts, occupying two 
 five-story brick 
 buildings, equi])ped 
 with the most i m- 
 proved machinery 
 for the manufacture 
 of shoes. The com- 
 pany has an estal)- 
 lished reputation on 
 men's and boys' fine 
 and medium calf 
 goods. Mr. R o b- 
 bins has been inti- 
 mately identified 
 with Pittsfield's real 
 estate interests and 
 the development of 
 the shire town and 
 ritv. He is a direc- 
 tor in the stanch 
 old Berkshire Mutual 
 Fire Insurance Com- 
 pany and connected 
 with other influen- 
 tial institutions. Mr. 
 Robbins wedded 
 Miss Ann Maria 
 Merrill, Sept. 26, 
 1837, and they have 
 had two sons and 
 two daughters, all of whom are dead except the oldest 
 daughter. Though somewhat advanced in years, Mr. 
 Robbins retains a large share of his health and mental 
 vigor, and while he has resigned the conduct of some 
 of his business interests to younger men, that he may 
 the more enjoy a well-earned competency, he is as 
 active as ever. Whatever life has afforded him has 
 been found in Berkshire, and Pittsfield has no more 
 loval son or ardent admirer. 
 
504 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EDWARD STILLMAN FRANCIS was born in Pitts- 
 field, Dec. 20, 1835, of one of the oldest and 
 most influential families in town, his parents being 
 James and Sarah C. Francis. He received his educa- 
 tion in public and private schools of the place, one of 
 his boyhood associates being Marshall Field, now the 
 millionnaire clothier of Chicago. At a very early age 
 young Francis became a clerk in the Pittsfield bank, 
 just after its establishment. He remained with this 
 bank three years, 
 constantly advancing 
 in position under 
 Junius D. Adams, a 
 most competent and 
 successful cashier. 
 Before attaining his 
 majority Mr. Francis 
 accepted the post of 
 cashier of the Shel- 
 burne Falls Bank, at 
 Shelburne Falls, 
 Mass., where he re- 
 mained until Decem- 
 ber, 1863, when he 
 was recalled to the 
 Pittsfield National 
 Bank to become its 
 cashier, the place 
 being made vacant 
 by the resignation of 
 Mr. Adams. The 
 bank by this time 
 had assumed an ex- 
 ceedingly important 
 position, its officers 
 being men of un- 
 common ability, and 
 many of them vet- 
 erans in the com- 
 mercial and financial 
 
 life of Berkshire. Under Mr. Francis's twenty-nine 
 years' administration the bank has met with a continu- 
 ance of the uninterrupted success that had marked its 
 earlier operations, the volume of business having steadily 
 increased, every dividend and demand being promptly 
 met, while ne\er has the suspicion of a cloud rested 
 u|jon the institution. Its capital stock is five hundred 
 thousand dollars. Mr. Francis has devoted his entire 
 energies to the bank management, and enjoys the full 
 
 EDWARD S. FRANCIS 
 
 confidence of the community in which he moves. He 
 is a man of scrupulous integrity, of literary culture and 
 refined tastes. His experience and ability have called 
 him into many positions of public trust. He was one 
 of the incorporators of the Berkshire Athenaeum, hav- 
 ing as colleagues in that beneficent enterprise such men 
 as Hon. Thomas Allen, Rev. Dr. John Todd, Senator 
 Henry L. Dawes and General W. F. Bartlett, and has 
 sened the institution as treasurer many years, beside 
 
 acting as auditor and 
 a member of the 
 Library Committee. 
 Mr. Francis was ap- 
 pointed chairman of 
 the Funding Com- 
 mittee of the Town 
 Debt, and was for 
 years the sole trus- 
 tee of a very large 
 J) r o p e r t y . Mr. 
 Francis is passion- 
 ately fond of music, 
 and has become ac- 
 complished in that 
 art. While his talents 
 in this direction are 
 chiefly exercised in 
 securing relaxation 
 from h i s manifold 
 responsibilities, they 
 have not infrequently 
 been turned toward 
 the benefit of the 
 public. Mr. Francis's 
 handsome residence 
 on Jubilee Hill, so 
 called because of the 
 famous Berkshire 
 jubilee held upon it, 
 occupies one of the 
 finest locations in town, there being an unobstructed 
 view for many miles in all directions. Turning north 
 through Onota Street, there is a lovely drive, Greylock 
 Mountain being directly in front. Mr. Francis wedded 
 Miss Eleanor Tucker. Of this union there are two 
 children living. Dr. E. N. Francis, now residing in 
 Texas, and Miss Nellie .-\. Francis, who makes her home 
 with her father. Both are fond of music, like their 
 father. Miss Francis being an accomplished pianist. 
 
PITTSFIEI.D. 
 
 505 
 
 JOHN CHAPMAN WEST was born at Washington, 
 Mass., March 9, 181 1, the second child, in the 
 family of six sons and one daughter, of Abel West, Jr., 
 and Mathilda Thompson West. His grandfather, Abel 
 West, came from Tolland, Ct., having borne his share 
 of trials in Revolutionary times. When Governor Trum- 
 bull called his fellow-citizens together to drive invaders 
 from the colonies, the Wests were a sturdy race of 
 farmers, coming from England to Plymouth, and settling 
 in Duxbury in 1636, 
 although a few fol- 
 lowed the sea. Abel 
 West, Jr., moved from 
 Washington to Pitts- 
 field in 1 81 6, and 
 then his son John at- 
 tended school, and 
 later a private acad- 
 emy. On the West's 
 farm was a brick 
 yard, and John, soon 
 becoming an adept, 
 followed that trade 
 in summer, learning 
 shoemaking to fill up 
 the winter months. 
 In 1836 he opened a 
 shoe store in Pitts- 
 field, in company 
 with I. and E. Peck. 
 Three years later he, 
 with Doria Tracy, 
 took the old Bissell 
 store, on the public 
 square, and began a 
 general business. 
 A few years later he 
 bought out his part- 
 ner, also the build- 
 ing and site, on which 
 
 he erected West's Block, in 1850. In 1844 his brother 
 Gilbert joined him, and they are still associated as John 
 C. West & Brother. In 1836 Mr. West wedded Clarissa 
 J. Root, who died six years later. They had one son, 
 Charles E. West, who is living in Pittsfield. Mr. West 
 was married in 1844 to Maria \.. Goodrich. Their 
 living children are : John K., of Detroit ; Dr. Frank E., 
 professor in the Long Island Medical College, Brooklyn, 
 and Frederick T., of Chicago. Mr. West was a man of 
 
 JOHN C. WEST. 
 
 uncommon physical strength, and as captain of the 
 Berkshire Greys, a militia company, gained special 
 prominence on training days. He was the first foreman 
 of the earliest hand-engine company, — the Housatonic, 
 — and was afterwards chief engineer. Mr. West assisted 
 in the formation of the Pittsfield National Bank, and 
 was long a director, rarely being absent from the meet- 
 ings of the board. He is a director in the Berkshire 
 County Savings Bank and the Mutual Fire Insurance 
 
 Company, serving as 
 president of the lat- 
 ter nine years. As 
 director of the Pitts- 
 field Cemetery Cor- 
 poration, his advice 
 has been especially 
 helpful in developing 
 a most beautiful bur- 
 ial ground, while the 
 First Congregational 
 Church has counted 
 him among its most 
 valued supporters. 
 For half a century he 
 sang in its choir. Mr. 
 West has always been 
 an enthusiastic Dem- 
 ocrat, serving two 
 terms in the Legisla- 
 ture. Many Pitts- 
 field streets were laid 
 out and over a hun- 
 dred buildings 
 erected by John C. 
 West & Brother. Mr. 
 — -West was chosen 
 selectman in 1853 
 and again in 1856, 
 being thereafter re- 
 elected nineteen suc- 
 cessive times, always acting as chairman. He was active 
 in securing the removal of the county buildings to Pitts- 
 field, and in obtaining desirable sites for them. During 
 the war he rendered great service in forwarding com- 
 panies, and later in erecting a fitting monument to its 
 fallen heroes. Judge Barker paid a fitting tribute to 
 Mr. West in his address at the city inaugural, in i8gi, 
 recognizing the many and valuable services he has 
 rendered to his fellow-citizens of Pittsfield. 
 
5o6 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ARTHUR H. HALL was born at Savoy, Mass., Nov. 
 9, 1 85 1, his parents being George and Jane C. 
 Hall. He received the advantages of a tommon-school 
 education in his native town, after which he entered the 
 store of the Lanesboro' Iron Company, at Lanesboro', 
 Mass., as clerk. Here he remained from Jan. i, 1866, 
 to June 1, 1872, during which time he developed 
 ability as an accountant. LTpon leaving his Lanesboro' 
 position, he became book-keeper for Rice, Robhins & 
 Co., of Pittsfield, 
 which place he re- 
 tained only a few 
 months, resigning to 
 accept a similar post 
 with the firm of 
 Prince & Walker, of 
 the same town. Two 
 years later he moved 
 to Boston and be- 
 (■ a m e book-keeper 
 for A. H. Miller, 
 serving in that capac- 
 ity considerably more 
 than a year, when, an 
 opportunity being 
 offered him to re- 
 turn to Pittsfield, he 
 determined to ac- 
 cept, as he was much 
 attached to the big 
 Berkshire town anil 
 closely identified 
 with its interests. 
 Accordingly, he re- 
 turned and became 
 accountant for the 
 concern of Robbins, 
 Gammell & Co., Oct. 
 I, 1877. This con- 
 nection was contin- 
 ued until March i, 1888, when he was admitted to part- 
 nership in the firm, which has long carried on an 
 extensive business in steam-heating apparatus, iron 
 piping, boilers, engines, pumps, sprinklers, etc., on 
 West Street. Mr. Hall still remains a member of this 
 house, which is one of the oldest and most successful 
 not only in its line, but of Pittsfield's varied concerns. 
 Mr. Hall is particularly well known through his active 
 efforts in behalf of the Republican party, the principles 
 
 ARTHUR H. HALL 
 
 of which he has ever loyally supported. He has been 
 a member of the Pittsfield Rejjublican Committee con- 
 tinuously since Jan. i, 1881, having served as chairman 
 since 1883, still retaining the directorship. Although 
 the exacting cares of business make heavy demands upon 
 his time, he has given the interests of his party careful 
 supervision, and it is more to his energy than to that of 
 any other one member of the committee that the excel- 
 lent Republican showing of recent campaigns has been 
 
 due. Fitting recog- 
 nition of Mr. Hall's 
 work was made a 
 year ago, when he 
 was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Republican 
 S t a t e C o m m i 1 1 e e , 
 representing the 
 Berkshire district. 
 His ])rincipal service 
 has been as a mem- 
 ber of the Finance 
 Committee, where 
 the \alue of his work 
 has been as much 
 appreciated as on 
 the city board, and 
 that is saving much, 
 for Pittsfield is noth- 
 ing if not political, 
 and many are the 
 war-horses of both 
 l)arties who have 
 done valiant service. 
 Mr. Hall was married 
 to Miss Ellen M. 
 Stewart, of Pittsfield, 
 June 29, 1873, and 
 t h e V have two 
 daughters, one aged 
 eighteen, and the 
 other eleven. Mr. Hall is a good specimen of the 
 modern business man, prompt and exact in dealings, 
 who applies business methods to everything he under- 
 takes. This is the secret of his success. While deeply 
 engaged in commercial pursuits Mr. Hall has yet found 
 time to mingle somewhat in less material matters which 
 deeply underlie the prosperity of any community, and is 
 counted among the most progressive of Pittsfield's 
 citizens. 
 
PITTSFIELD. 
 
 507 
 
 THE Commonwealth of Massachusetts takes good 
 care of its disabled firemen, the State Legislature 
 voting annually the sum of ten thousand dollars for 
 their relief. This fund was secured largely through the 
 efforts of George S. Willis, of Pittsfield, who for years 
 has interested himself actively in behalf of the firemen, 
 at the same time attending to the duties that devolve 
 upon him as secretary and treasurer of the Cornelius 
 Callahan Company of Boston, the largest firm in the 
 country dealing in 
 fire department sup- 
 plies. Mr. Willis 
 was born, July 27, 
 1847, at Pittsfield, 
 Mass., the son of 
 Colonel George S. 
 \Villis. His mother's 
 maiden na m e wa s 
 Louisa F a c k a r d. 
 .Mr. Willis is the 
 grandson of General 
 Nathan \\'illis, who 
 attained prominence 
 in the War of 181 2, 
 and who was one of 
 the first settlers of 
 Pittsfield. He was 
 one of the leading 
 men of the town, 
 organizing its first 
 bank and being the 
 first ]iresident of the 
 Berkshire Mutual 
 Fire Insurance Com- 
 pany. He was also 
 active in the politi- 
 cal life of his day, 
 representing Pitts- 
 field for many years 
 in the State Legisla- 
 ture. He was the Democratic candidate for lieutenant- 
 governor year after year for a long period, and would 
 have been elected if he had accepted the nomination 
 the last time it was offered to him. His son. Colonel 
 Willis, was at one time high sheriff of Berkshire County, 
 and at one time or another filled nearly all the county 
 offices within the gift of his fellow-citizens. George S. 
 Willis was educated in the public schools of Pittsfield 
 and at St. Paul's School, Concord, N. H. In his six- 
 
 GEORGE S. WILLIS 
 
 teenth year he left St. Paul's to enlist in the Eighth 
 Massachusetts Regiment. At the close of the war he 
 returned to Pittsfield, and for ten years was engaged in 
 the manufacture of tacks and nails. In 1879 he was 
 appointed chief engineer of the Pittsfield Fire Depart- 
 ment, and served in that capacity until 18S6. In 1885 he 
 established the Cornelius Callahan Company of Boston, 
 and was chosen its secretary and treasurer, a position 
 which he has held ever since. The company manufac- 
 tures patent special- 
 ties in great variety, 
 including rubber- 
 lined cotton hose, 
 relief valves, s h u t- 
 off and spray noz- 
 zles, flexible play 
 ^ pipes, hydrant gates, 
 
 ^y hose couplings, 
 
 \ gongs, strikers and 
 
 ^_^' door openings. Pre- 
 
 ■■■ vious to J a n u a r y, 
 
 "* 1893, Mr. Willis had 
 
 been a member of 
 
 1^-. the Democratic State 
 
 ^^^^^''\ Central Committee 
 
 for thirteen consec- 
 utive years, having 
 been a member at 
 large for the last 
 seven or eight years, 
 and taking ui)on his 
 shoulders the burden 
 of much active po- 
 litical work in every 
 campaign. LIpon 
 
 his resignation, he 
 
 was the oldest mem- 
 ber of the committee 
 in point of service. 
 Mr. Willis helped to 
 organize the Massachusetts State Firemen's Association, 
 and w-as its first president. He has been a member of its 
 legislative committee ever since its organization, and in 
 this capacity has been enabled to accomplish much for 
 the benefit of the firemen of the State. He is a mem- 
 ber of Post 196, Grand .Array of the Republic. Mr. 
 \\illis is unmarried, and lives at home with his mother 
 in Pittsfield, though his principal business interests are in 
 Boston. 
 
-<**^^^^.^<C5 
 
 Ji»--. 
 
 BROCKTON was formerly known as the North Parish of Bridgewater, and as such was first settled, and the 
 first houses were built a few years before the year 1700. The Howards and the Keiths are belieyed to have 
 been the earliest settlers, but before 1725 there were probably fifty owners of land in the parish. It was all very 
 primitiye in those days. Many houses were built of logs, squared, and with the cracks between filled with moss 
 and clay. But within a few years there was a noticeable improyement. Saw-mills and brick-kilns gave opportunity 
 for decent houses to replace the log huts of the early settlers, and occasional improvements were noted in the 
 manner of living generally. 
 
 From that time on, the life of a citizen of the North Parish of Bridgewater was no different from the life of 
 the other dwellers in small places elsewhere. He had the same difficulties to contend with that were common in 
 those days, and he surmounted them with the courage and persistence which were every-day virtues in those 
 times. The citizens made their first important move on May 31, 173S, when fifty-five householders put in a peti- 
 tion to the General Court, and asked that the parish be set off as the North Parish of Bridgewater. The poixilation 
 at that time was, perhaps, 300. After the General Court had granted the jietitioners' prayer, things moved on 
 quietly with the North Parish. The population increased but slowly, and in 1764 there were but 120 houses in 
 the place, and a population of 833. In 1810 there were 1,354 dwellers in the place; in 1820, only 1,480. In 
 1821 the parish became the town of North Bridgewater. Up to 1850, twenty-nine years after the parish became 
 a town, the population had only reached 3,939. 
 
 From 1830 to 1840 the town first began to take on a measure of business ])rosperity. The manufacture of 
 boots and a few shoes was begun, and it is told how Micah Faxon first took the manufactured product over the 
 road to Boston on horseback. A few small manufactories had started in the western part of the town, and 
 more down town. Population and factories began to increase, however. In i860 there were 6,584 jieople in 
 town : in 1870, a little over 8,000 ; in 1880 it had 13,608, and in 1890 it showed 27,272, an increase of over one 
 hundred per cent, and the most marvellous of any city in Massachusetts. It has long since shaken off the name 
 and the fetters that bound it to Bridgewater, and has prospered since 1874 as the town and city of Brockton. It 
 adopted the city form of government in 1881. 
 
 Brockton has grown on leather. It is now the greatest producer of men's fine and medium grades of shoes 
 of any city in the world. Women's shoes are not made at all, and men's cheap shoes are made to but a limited 
 extent. Shoes were made here in 181 1, but they were few. In 1837 the yearly output was but 100,000 pairs ; in 
 1855 it was 762,000 pairs. Then the production grew rapidly. In 1889 it had reached a yearly valuation of 
 S18, 000,000. In 1892 the shipment of shoes from this city was 428,241 cases, a gain of 166,584 cases over the 
 shipments of ten years ago. The average number of [lairs of shoes to a case is figured at twenty-one pairs, so it 
 is seen that Brockton in 1892 sent out about 9,000,000 pairs of men's shoes, a marvellous total, indeed. There 
 are over 70 shoe manufactories in the city, employing over 8,000 hands. 
 
 The present population, at a conservative estimate, is 30,000, though the State Board of Health places it 
 at 32,000. The valuation is $19,000,000. There are 4,593 dwellings in the city, of which 232 were erected 
 within the year 1892. The new buildings incUule a §250,000 City Hall that is well under way, a new brick police 
 station, and se\eral handsome residences that would ornament any city. New blocks and new residences are in 
 contemplation, and improvements are the order of the day everywhere. The greatest that is now in view is a 
 system of sewerage for the city. 
 
 The city is well built and business-like in a])pearance, with a large number of brick business blocks, gas 
 and electric lights, a fine system of electric street car lines running through the city out into the suburbs, a school 
 system which this year will cost over $88, 000, a good water system, and a good fire dejjartment and efficient 
 police force. There is not a liquor saloon in the city, and there has not been for over five years. 
 
BROCKTON. 
 
 509 
 
 ZIBA C. KEITH, the mayor of the city of Brockton, 
 was born there in 1842, when it was the town 
 of North Bridgewater. He obtained his education in 
 the schools there and at the Pierce Academy at Middle- 
 boro', and after graduating became book-keeper and 
 salesman for a business firm. In 1864 Mr. Keith 
 opened a store at Campello, in company with Embert 
 Howard. It was a general store, in which everything 
 was kept, from groceries to silks. The store was kept 
 up by Mr. Keith un- 
 der various firm 
 styles until 1883, 
 when he sold out the 
 business. Mr. Keith 
 can assuredly justly 
 claim that he is a 
 "favorite son" of 
 Brockton. In 1875 
 he was sent to repre- 
 sent the city in the 
 Legislature, where 
 h e remained t w o 
 years. In 1879 he 
 was chosen as a 
 member of the 
 Board of Selectmen. 
 In 1 88 1 he was a 
 member of the Com- 
 mittee on Drafting 
 the City Charter. 
 When the town be- 
 came a city he was 
 chosen as its first 
 mayor. He was 
 chosen again, after a 
 year of retirement, 
 in 1884 and 1885. 
 Again in i8gi and 
 1892 the Republi- 
 cans called upon him 
 
 to lead them, and he was triumphantly elected. He 
 is at present serving his sixth term as mayor of the city. 
 Even when he was not acting as mayor of the city he 
 was serving it in other capacities. He represented the 
 district in the State Senate in 18S7 and 1888; and was 
 the city's tax collector in 1887, 1888 and 1889. He 
 was an incorporator of the Campello Co-operative Bank, 
 the Brockton Savings Bank and the Brockton National 
 Bank, and has held ofifice in each corporation. He is 
 
 ZIBA C. KEITH. 
 
 president of the Plymouth County Safe Deposit and 
 Trust Company, and was chosen at the election in the 
 fall of 1892 a member of the governor's council. 
 There is no more genial and approachable man in the 
 city of Brockton to-day than Mayor Keith. While his 
 politics are, of course, not popular with one section of 
 the community, his personal enemies are very few and 
 of no importance. He has been a figure of public 
 importance practically for seventeen years. He has 
 
 been an able legisla- 
 tor. His repeated 
 elections to the office 
 of mayor of the city 
 show that he is re- 
 garded as an able 
 and thoroughly in- 
 corruptible occu[)ant 
 of the mayor's chair. 
 _ ^^^ Wherever he has 
 
 ■^^ i ^ been placed, he has 
 
 served to the satis- 
 faction of the great 
 mass of citizens, and 
 therefore with honor 
 to himself. Mayor 
 Keith is a very good 
 musician and a gen- 
 tleman of good taste 
 and a nice apprecia- 
 tion of life, as is 
 evinced in his 
 speeches upon all 
 sorts of topics and 
 on all sorts of occa- 
 sions. They are al- 
 ways well written and 
 befitting the time and 
 place. No small 
 share of the city's 
 prosperity is due to 
 the able and most energetic part which Mayor Keith 
 has always taken in municipal affairs. He is, in fact, as 
 thoroughly identified with Brockton as any other man. 
 The citizens of Brockton deem themselves exceptionally 
 fortunate in possessing in Mr. Keith a mayor who adds 
 to a wide knowledge of men and affairs a pleasing and 
 courteous personality which has endeared him to his 
 fellow-townsmen. His acquaintance with public affairs 
 is supplemented with a ripe culture. 
 
Sio 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JOHN J. WHIPPLE is among the best-known and 
 most inll\iential and successful men in Massachu- 
 setts. In business, political and society circles he is a 
 power, and numbers his personal friends by the legion. 
 He is [(resident of the Wildey Savings Bank of Boston. 
 He was born in Worcester, Mass., Dec. 31, 1847. After 
 attending the jniblic schools of Hopkinton and Milford, 
 he went to Marlboro' and learned the drug business, and 
 in 1886 started in business for himself in North Bridge- 
 water (which has 
 since become the city 
 of Brockton), and for 
 a quarter of a cen- 
 tury he conducted a 
 successful business as 
 a druggist. In 1876 
 he was elected to the 
 School Committee, 
 serving on that board 
 for nine years, and, 
 while still a school 
 committeeman, was 
 elected on the Board 
 of Selectmen and to 
 a number of impor- 
 tant town offices. 
 After the town be- 
 came incorporated as 
 a city, Colonel Whip- 
 ple was elected to 
 the Board of Alder- 
 men. In 1885 he 
 was sent as a repre- 
 sentative to the State 
 Legislature, and dur- 
 ing the years 1886- 
 87 was mayor of the 
 city. He was secre- 
 tary of the Republi- 
 can State Central 
 
 Committee in 1884-85, doing efficient work during the 
 memorable Blaine campaign, while Henry Cabot Lodge 
 was chairman of the committee. Governor Rol)inson 
 appointed Mr. Whipi)le his j.iersonal aid on his staff, 
 with the rank of colonel, and he served as such in 
 1883, 1884, 1885. Governor Ames ap])ointed him a 
 member of the Massachusetts Board of Pharmacy for 
 a term of three years, and at the expiration of that term 
 he was tendered a re-appointment by Governor Russell, 
 
 JOHN J. WHIPPLE. 
 
 which was declined. Colonel Whipple was the princi- 
 pal mo\er in establishing the first savings bank in 
 Brockton, and was made the first president of the 
 institution. Through his influence the present commo- 
 dious bank building was erected. He was president for 
 ten years, and in 1892 resigned the iwsition to accept 
 the presidency of the Wildey Savings Bank. He built 
 up the Brockton Savings Bank to one of the most suc- 
 cessful in the State, and when he left it there were 
 
 deposits in it amount- 
 ing to over $1,500- 
 000. He is one of 
 the proprietors of the 
 Brockton City Thea- 
 tre, one of the hand- 
 somest outside of 
 Boston. He was one 
 of a company of four 
 that introduced elec- 
 tric lights in the city. 
 He was chairman of 
 the Board of \Vage 
 Arbitration, the first 
 board of its kind in 
 the State. He is 
 ]jresident of the New 
 England Club, one 
 of the largest clubs 
 in Boston. In secret 
 societies Colonel 
 Whipple has a na- 
 tional reputation. In 
 Odd Fellowship he is 
 past grand patriarch 
 and a representative 
 to the sovereign 
 grand lodge. He 
 was a member of the 
 Board of Trustees 
 that built the new 
 Odd Fellows' Home at Worcester. In Masonry he is 
 a Knight Templar. He was one of the founilers of the 
 New England Order of Protection, and is now serving 
 his third term as supreme warden. In 1892 he was 
 grand jirelate in the grand lodge of the Knights of 
 Pythias, and has just been elected grand vice-chancellor. 
 He is president of the Odd Fellows' Accident Company 
 and is interested in many benevolent and financial enter- 
 prises in the State. 
 
BROCKTON. 
 
 5" 
 
 THK Keiths of Camiiello, the southern section of the 
 city of Brockton, have ever been important 
 factors in the business and social life of the town of 
 North Bridgewater and the city of Brockton, which fol- 
 lowed it. One of the best-known and most successful 
 has been George Eldon Keith, who is probal)ly to-day 
 the largest manufacturer of shoes in the city of Brock- 
 ton, and that is saying a good deal. George Eldon Keith 
 is the son of Franklin and Betsy Keith, and was born 
 Feb. 8, 1850. He ob- 
 tained a good edu- 
 cation, and was a 
 member of the first 
 class that graduated 
 from the Brockton 
 High School. In 
 many of the hours 
 when school was not 
 in session, he worked 
 at the bench, and 
 after graduating con- 
 tinuetl at the work 
 as a jjractical shoe- 
 maker till July 7, 
 1874, when he began 
 the manufacture of 
 shoes in company 
 w i t h W i 1 1 i a m S. 
 Green. In 1880 he 
 sold out his interest 
 to Mr. Green, and 
 built a large factory 
 (in Perkins Avenue 
 for his own occu- 
 Ijancy. Success was 
 his from the start, 
 and a phenomenal 
 success at that. It 
 was not long before 
 he had the biggest 
 
 factory in Brockton, did the biggest business, and em- 
 ployed the largest number of hands, making a good and 
 stylish line of footwear. This supremacy it is believed 
 that Mr. Keith still retains. A glance at Mr. Keith's 
 business offers some idea of its magnitude. At present 
 between six hundred and seven hundred hands are em- 
 ployed, and the shipments aggregate three quarters of a 
 million pairs of shoes a year. Within a comparatively 
 short time Mr. Keith has adopted the idea of catering 
 
 GEORGE E. KEITH 
 
 to the retail trade exclusively, his products being favor- 
 ablv known to dealers from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
 and from Maine to Texas. In addition to the respon- 
 sibilities of his business, he finds time to do his share 
 as a director of the Third National Bank of Boston, one 
 of the largest banking institutions of that city, and as 
 director of the Brockton National and Brockton Savings 
 banks. He is also treasurer of the Howland Falls Pulp 
 Company, of Howland, Me., this being one of the largest 
 
 institutions of the 
 kind in the country. 
 The mill alone cost 
 §300,000. Mr. Keith 
 is w i d e 1 y popular. 
 He made the inter- 
 ests of the people 
 who worked for him 
 his interests. He is 
 active in religious 
 matters, and has ad- 
 vanced in every way 
 the interests of the 
 South Congrega- 
 tional Church, of 
 which he is a mem- 
 V ber. He was the 
 
 A. first president of the 
 
 V.M.C. A. in Brock- 
 ton, and labored ar- 
 dently to promote 
 its cause in every 
 possible way, so that 
 its success is largely 
 attributable to his 
 efforts. Hehasgen- 
 orally kept out of 
 politics. The Re- 
 publicans wished to 
 make him their 
 standard-bearer i n 
 the mayoralty contest two years ago, but he declined to 
 allow the use of his name. He was the alderman from 
 Ward Four the first year that Brockton was a city, and 
 that is the extent of his political service. Personally, 
 Mr. Keith is of bright and pleasant temperament, a 
 good fellow socially, and without the angles and rough 
 edges of many self-made men. In connection with his 
 factory he has established a good restaurant, the [jrofits 
 of which are shared by the employees. 
 
512 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 IT is a question with many people, whether Mr. Har\ ey 
 F. Crawford has made the " Crawford shoe " what it 
 is to-day, or whether the " Crawford shoe " has made 
 Mr. Crawford. A brief review of his Iwsiness life, as 
 herewith given, will settle this doubt lieyond question, 
 proving conclusively, as it does, that Mr. Crawford has 
 not only niatle the " Crawford shoe," but himself also. 
 Like so many other successful men of affairs in this 
 Commonwealth, Mr. Crawford is a native of the State of 
 Maine. His first 
 venture in the shoe 
 industry was made 
 in 1879, when with 
 Mr. Holman Gould 
 as a partner he be- 
 gan manufacturing in 
 the Horace Keith 
 Building in Brockton. 
 That was about thir- 
 teen years ago, and 
 on the smallest foun- 
 dation he has built 
 up since then one of 
 the great industries 
 of this State. The 
 total capital of the 
 firm at the start was 
 fifty dollars. At the 
 expiration of four 
 months Mr. Craw- 
 ford bought his part- 
 ner's interest, entire, 
 for twenty-four dol- 
 lars. This original 
 bill of sale Mr. Craw- 
 ford still keeps among 
 his treasures. His 
 next venture was 
 with Mr. K. J. 
 Fletcher, and after 
 
 a few months, during which time the firm met with 
 indifferent success, he again purchased his jiartner's 
 share. Still later we find him in company with Mr. 
 Charles A. Eaton, who was later of Eaton & Terry and 
 is now in business alone. This firm was located on 
 Montello Street, Brockton, and was burned out. Busi- 
 ness was then recommenced in the Shaw Building. 
 After two years' affiliation with Mr. Eaton, the latter 
 disposed of his interest to Mr. Crawford, who continued 
 
 the business alone until the failure of F. Shaw & Broth- 
 ers of Boston. This swept Mr. Crawford, with others, 
 into insolvency. Nothing daunted by reverses, he again 
 began at the bottom of the ladder. It was about this 
 time that he invented the French welt, which gave the 
 cheaper grade of shoes a smooth inner sole, a result which 
 up to that time had never been obtained. This immedi- 
 ately proved a success and brought Mr. Crawford a hand- 
 some return. In 1887 the present partnership with Mr. 
 
 George F. Bouve, at 
 that time a promi- 
 nent leather dealer 
 in Boston, was 
 effected. Recog- 
 nizing the inequality 
 of the struggle be- 
 tween the smaller 
 manufacturers of 
 shoes and the large 
 concerns, and 
 shrewdly surmising 
 that a manufacturer 
 should get as near to 
 the consumer as pos- 
 sible, thus saving one 
 profit, at least, Mr. 
 Crawford conceived 
 the idea of establish- 
 ing retail stores in 
 the principal cities 
 throughout the coun- 
 try. Many of his 
 /friends tried to dis- 
 I suade him from what 
 
 they deemed certain 
 failure, but with con- 
 fidence in his scheme 
 he proceeded to put 
 it to the test. Its 
 success was instanta- 
 neous, and it has been widely copied by other manufac- 
 turers. At the present time two large factories are 
 required to produce the shoes sold by Crawford, Bouve 
 & Co., and the firm's success is known throughout the 
 land. Personally, Mr. Crawford is pleasant to meet and 
 respected by all with whom he comes in contact. He 
 will soon occupy a beautiful new home in Brockton, 
 which stands as a monument to his jjerseverance and 
 pluck. 
 
 HARVEY F. CRAWFORD. 
 
BROCKTON. 
 
 513 
 
 WHEN vou speak of the most \aluable men in 
 a community, the " self-made " men who have 
 attained success may, with ]iropriety, be placed in the 
 front rank. No better exam])le of the self-made man 
 can be found in Brockton to-day than is visible in the 
 ])erson of the Honorable William 1.. Douglas. The 
 name of Douglas is a household word throtighout the 
 United States, and his picture, representing a keen busi- 
 ness-like citizen, still young, with far-seeing eyes and a 
 general look of vigor 
 and enterprise, is to 
 be found in nearly 
 e\ery important 
 newspaper in the 
 land. For he is the 
 man who makes the 
 great "S3 sh o e." 
 Mr. Douglas was 
 born in Plymouth, 
 .\ug. 22, 1845. His 
 father died while 
 William was a child, 
 and at the age of 
 seven he was bound 
 out to his uncle to 
 learn the shoemak- 
 er's trade. He was 
 an apprentice till he 
 was sixteen years old 
 and at that age could 
 turn out a complete 
 pair of brogans un- 
 aided. In 1870 he 
 went to Brockton to 
 act as superintend- 
 ent of Porter & 
 Southworth's factory, 
 and in 1876, on S875 
 capital, he began to 
 manufacture i n a 
 
 single room. In a year or two he was in a well-equipped 
 factory on Spring Street, and in 1882 he put up a fac- 
 tory four stories high, two hundred and twenty-eight 
 feet long and with a capacity of one thousand four hun- 
 dred and forty pairs of shoes daily. In 1888 and i88g 
 additions were made to the factorv. isxen then the con- 
 stantlv growing business was too great for the big shop, 
 although seventy cases, the full capacity of the sho]), 
 were turneii out dailv during 1892. In the autumn of 
 
 WILLIAM L. DOUGLAS, 
 
 1892, the W. L. Douglas Shoe Company, which had 
 been incorporated in March of that year, moved into a 
 new and fine factory which, had been erected at Mon- 
 tello in the northern part of the city. The building is 
 three hundred feet long, forty feet wide, four stories 
 high, and with a capacity of three thousand si.\ hun- 
 dred pairs daily. The amount of the sales this year will 
 aggregate 81,500,000, and the advertising contract 
 calls for the expenditures by the company of §150,000 
 
 in the same time. 
 There are twenty- 
 four salesmen out 
 canvassing for orders 
 all over the Union. 
 The S3 shoe idea 
 was the scheme that 
 gave Mr. Douglas 
 his greatest success. 
 In a few years he 
 built up a trade on 
 that shoe that taxed 
 his factory's capa- 
 city. He gave up 
 the jobbing trade, 
 sent out his own 
 d r u m m e r s, spent 
 Si 00,000 in a single 
 year for advertising, 
 and sold his shoes 
 and is still selling 
 them everywhere. 
 Mr. Douglas was a 
 member o f Brock- 
 ton's Common Coun- 
 cil in 1882 and 1883; 
 was a representative 
 10 the General Court 
 in 1883 and 1884; 
 sat in the State Sen- 
 ate in 1886, being 
 the first Democrat elected from his district in a long term 
 of years ; and was mayor of Brockton in 1890. He is a 
 prominent member of the Universalist church. While 
 acting as mavor Mr. Douglas started a movement for 
 the adoption of a svstem of sewerage for Brockton, but 
 was unable to push the matter to success, owing to the 
 unpopularitv of a sewerage commission, but it has now 
 been adopted and is being carrieil on practically accord- 
 ing to his plans, 
 
514 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 PRESTON BOND KEITH is one of the leading 
 citizens of that portion of Brockton known as 
 Campello. Campello has produced so many successful 
 business men that she has grown tired of boasting about 
 it. One of the ablest is the gentleman who is the sub- 
 ject of this sketch. The extraordinary success of his 
 business career is due more to his own ability and 
 industry than to any fortunate external circumstances. 
 Mr. Keith is a direct descendant of the Keiths who 
 figure so prominently 
 in the history of the 
 city of Brockton, and 
 particularly of its 
 southern section. 
 He is the son of 
 Charles P. and Mary 
 K. Keith, and was 
 born in Campello, 
 Oct. i8, 1847. His 
 early education was 
 obtained in the 
 schools of Brockton. 
 W hen he reached 
 the age of eighteen 
 years he started out 
 in the business world 
 and went to Boston, 
 where he entered 
 the ofifice of Martin 
 L. Keith's shoe fac- 
 tory. He remained 
 in this office five 
 years, and there ob- 
 tained a good knowl- 
 edge of the business, 
 in which he was 
 eventually to he a 
 decided success, and 
 which was to make 
 his fortune. In 1S7 i 
 
 Mr. Keith decided that the time had arrived for him to 
 start in for himself. He accordingly began business on 
 his own account at Campello. The business increased 
 so rapidly in volume that in July, 1878, Mr. Keith 
 erected what was then the largest shoe factory in the 
 jjlace. His ambition was not satisfied even then. The 
 business continued to grow, and at the present time the 
 factory in size and capacity is nearly double what it was 
 in 1878. This remarkable growth is paralleled by that 
 
 of but few industries in the Commonwealth, and attests 
 the capacity with which Mr. Keith has managed his 
 business affairs. The shoes made by P. B. Keith are 
 sold throughout the land. The sale is steady, and a 
 chance to work at the factory is well regarded by the 
 shoe operatives, for the reason that the factory has few 
 idle weeks in the year. On account of the pleasant 
 nature of his relations with his employees, Mr. Keith is 
 one of the most popular manufacturers in Brockton. 
 
 Labor troubles at his 
 shop have been of 
 rare occurrence. 
 Mr. Keith has been 
 for years a promi- 
 nent figure in the 
 social, religious and 
 business life of the 
 place. He is a lead- 
 ing member of the 
 South Congrega- 
 tional Church, and 
 is also superintend- 
 ent of the Sunday- 
 school connected 
 with that church. 
 Since its organization 
 Mr. Keith has been 
 prominently identi- 
 fied with the Home 
 National Bank. In 
 every m o \' e m e n t 
 that has for its object 
 the promotion of the 
 material interests of 
 Brockton, Mr. Keith 
 is always one of the 
 leaders. Mr. Keith 
 is not a politician ; 
 he is too busy for 
 that. In 1883 and 
 1884, however, he reluctantly consented to represent 
 Ward Three on the Brockton Board of Aldermen, where 
 his business abilities made him a \alued member. 
 Since then public office has frequently been urged upon 
 him, but the demands of his large and increasing busi- 
 ness have always prevented his acceptance. Like other 
 manufacturers who are alive to the importance of their 
 business, Mr. Keith has utilized every device which has 
 tended to place his industry on a higher^plane. 
 
 PRESTON B. KEITH. 
 
"^^Vo^^^;^, .l.^'!!?^--^'^ 
 
 NP:WT0N has well been termed the "Garden City," as it is located in one of the most delightful sections of 
 the Commonwealth, and is the home of some of the wealthiest men in the State. The natural beauty of 
 the place is enhanced by large streets and avenues, well laid out, and lined on each side by some of the hand- 
 somest residendfes, taken collectively, that there are in the United States. The original territory of Newton has 
 been curtailed by ceding certain portions to Brookline, Waltham and Watertown, and yet the following names are 
 applied to different sections of the city : Newtonville, West Newton, Aiiburndale, Riverside, Chestnut Hill, New- 
 ton Centre, Highlands, Waban, Eliot, Woodland and Nonantum. Originally, Newton was a part of Cambridge, 
 but was released from ecclesiastical dependence on Cambridge and obligation to share in the expenses of religious 
 worship in 1661 ; became a precinct in 1673 ; received the name of Newton in December, 1691 ; was incorporated 
 as a town on Jan. 11, 1687-88, old style, or Jan. 11, 1688, according to the present style of reckoning ; and became 
 a city with the beginning of the year 1874. 
 
 Although better known as the bed-room of Boston business, yet there are many small manufactories in the 
 city. In Newton Lower Falls, paper making has been the chief industry for the last half century. The first Four- 
 drinier press in use in the United States was placed here. Such well-known men as the Curtises, Crehores and 
 Rices, prominently identified with the paper business in the New England States, have been interested in the paper 
 mills in this section of the city. The Crehore mill is still in operation. An attempt was made here more than a 
 century ago to establish a silk manufactory, but it was a failure, although at the present time there is a factory that 
 spins silk yarns, emljroidery silk, etc., for which the raw material is imported. The woollen mills give employment 
 to three hundred and fifty laborers, and produce six hundred thousand dollars' worth of manufactured material 
 annually. There is also a cordage factory in the place, and there are five houses employed in the manufacture of 
 furniture, and thirty in the manufacture of clothing. 
 
 In educational matters Newton always has been and is to-day in the front ranks. In the early days the 
 State Normal School, now at Framingham, was located here, and there has always been a great number of private 
 schools in the place, so much so that at one time, in the early history of the city, they threatened to materially 
 interfere with the success of the public schools, but this possibility happily came to naught. At the present time 
 there are one high school in the place, forty-eight grammar schools, thirty-eight primary schools, one mixed school, 
 making a total of eighty schools, with twenty-two school buildings, having a value with their furnishings of 
 $581,600. The two most noted of the private institutions are the Newton Theological Institute and Lasell Semi- 
 nary. The former was established in 1825, under the patronage of the Baptist denomination, and is located in 
 Newton Centre. At the close of half a century the whole number of students that had availed themselves of the 
 benefits to be derived at the institution were six hundred and ninety-nine. Of these fifty-five have been presidents 
 or professors of colleges, and fifty-four had served as missionaries. Since then the matitution has maintained its 
 high reputation and has graduated many noted men. Lasell Seminary was established in 1851 by Edward Lasell, 
 who sold it on account of failing health, to a party of ten Boston men, who placed Charles C. Bragdon in charge of it. 
 Since then, on account of the practical features that have been introduced, this seminary has become noted all 
 over the United States and also in Europe. Other private institutions of learning include the West Newton 
 English and Classical School, Miss Spear's English and Classical School, Riverside Home and Day School, and 
 Mr. E. H. Cutler's Preparatory School for Boys and Girls. There are thirty-seven churches in the city. The 
 people in the city have always been noted for their charitable acts, and the charitable institutions are the Home 
 for Orphan and Destitute Girls, Pine Farm School for Boys, the Home for Children of Missionaries, the Wesleyan 
 Home for the Orjihan Children of Missionaries, the Missionary Home and the Newton Cottage Hospital. 
 
 Club and social life flourishes in a surprising manner, the two most important social organizations being the 
 Newton Club, which has just dedicated a new club-house, and the Newton Boat Club, which has a splendid house 
 on the banks of the Charles, at Riverside. 
 
5i6 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JOHN A. FENNO, mayor of Newton, was born 
 in the town of Revere in 1849, and is a good 
 representati\e of the active yet conservative and suc- 
 cessful young business man of the period who has made 
 his way to the front by his own unaided efforts. He 
 went to the jjublic schools of Revere and finished his 
 education in the Chelsea High School. After graduating 
 from the high school, he went to work with a mercantile 
 firm and left that position in 1875 when the Boston, 
 Revere Beach & 
 I.ynn Railroad was 
 organized, in order to 
 take a clerkship with 
 the new corporation. 
 He continued to act 
 as clerk in the treas- 
 urer's office until 
 1878, when he was 
 offered the position 
 of general ticket 
 agent, which he ac- 
 cepted. In 1880 he 
 was elected to the 
 office of treasurer of 
 the corporation, and 
 he now holds both 
 the office of general 
 ticket agent and 
 treasurer. He is also 
 a director in several 
 other business con- 
 cerns. In 1874 he 
 married Nina M. 
 Hunt, the daughter 
 of Dr. O. E. Hunt, 
 a well-known practi- 
 tioner in the city of 
 Newton, and took up 
 his residence in that 
 city, living in the 
 
 section known as Newtonville. His married life has 
 been singularly happy, and he has moved in the best 
 social circles of that wealthy city. This union has been 
 blessed with two children, both of whom are girls. In 
 politics Mr. Fenno is a Republican, and he has taken a 
 great interest in the conduct of local affairs. His 
 thorough knowledge of business methods has stood him 
 in good stead in this connection and has worked to the 
 advantage of the city in many material respects. He 
 
 JOHN A. FENNO, 
 
 held office in the Common Council in 1888 and 1889, 
 and in the Board of Aldermen in 1890 and 1891. He 
 retired from office in the following year and was induced 
 to accept the position of trustee in the Newton Cottage 
 Hospital. While in the Council and Board of Alder- 
 men he held many important places on the various 
 conunittees. While chairman of the Committee on 
 Highways, in the Board of Aldermen, he, in connection 
 with Mayor Hibbard, established the system of dividing 
 
 the streets into sec- 
 tions and holding the 
 foreman of each sec- 
 tion responsible for 
 the condition of that 
 section. This 
 method is still con- 
 tinued and has 
 greatly assisted in 
 keeping the roads up 
 to the high standard 
 for which Newton is 
 noted. He was a 
 member of the Sewer 
 Committee, and in 
 1892 when the ques- 
 tion of assessments 
 for the payment of 
 the Metropolitan 
 Sewerage System 
 came up, there then 
 occurred an issue 
 that interested all of 
 the property owners 
 of the city. It was 
 on this issue that he 
 ran for mayor and 
 was elected by the 
 largest majority ever 
 given a candidate in 
 the city who had a 
 contestant. He is thoroughly earnest and devoted in 
 e\erything he takes up, and has won the confidence of 
 the citizens. He is a member of the Newton Club, and 
 resigned the position of secretary when he was elected 
 mayor. Although not much of a club man, preferring 
 the enjoyment of his own home to the pleasures of the 
 club life, he rendered much valuable assistance to the 
 organization, while secretary, and during his occupancy 
 of this office the handsome club-house was erected. 
 
NE WTON. 
 
 SI7 
 
 ALDEN SPEARE, one of the most honored of 
 JJoston merchants, who makes his home in New- 
 ton, was born in Chelsea, Orange County, Vt., Oct. 26, 
 1825. He was educated in the public schools of his 
 native place, and entered the Newbury Seminary in 
 Vermont with the intention of becoming a physician. 
 His father dying, he went to Boston and entered a dry 
 goods store as clerk, his salary consisting of his board 
 and a suit of clothes. He afterwards entered a whole- 
 sale store, and in 
 185 1 organized the 
 firm of Speare, Burke 
 & Co., to carry on 
 the oil and starch 
 business. In 1853 
 the o iifi c e was re- 
 moved to No. 3 
 Central Wharf, where 
 the business is car- 
 ried on under the 
 name of A 1 d e n 
 Speare's Sons & Co., 
 Mr. Speare being a 
 special partner. He 
 was married, March 
 I, 1849, to Caroline 
 M. Robinson, at 
 South Reading, Vt. 
 They had seven 
 children, three of 
 whom are now liv- 
 ing. In i860 Mr. 
 Speare was a resi- 
 dent of Boston, and 
 was elected a mem- 
 ber of the School 
 Committee. He 
 ser\ed in this capa- 
 city until 1868, when 
 he removed to New- 
 ton and resigned his position on the Boston School 
 Board. The loUowing fall he was elected to the New- 
 ton School Board, and served on that board until 1875, 
 when he was elected the second mavor of the city. He 
 was three times nominated, twice declining, and was 
 elected without an opposing vote, there being no other 
 candidate. He was re-elected for a second term. In 
 politics he is a Republican. Mr. Speare has been 
 identified with the Methodist Episcopal church, and 
 
 ALDEN SPEARE, 
 
 while living in Boston was for several years a director, 
 and in 1857 was president, of the Young Men's Chris- 
 tian Association. He has been for years an active 
 member of the Board of Managers of the Foreign and 
 Home Missionary Society of the M. E. Church. For 
 many years he has been a member, and in 1875, 1882, 
 1886, 1887 and 1888 he was president of the Boston 
 Wesleyan Association. Since 1872 he has been a mem- 
 ber of the Board of Trustees of Boston University, and 
 
 has been vice-presi- 
 dent. Mr. Speare 
 has been a mem- 
 ber of the Boston 
 Chamber of Co m - 
 merce since its or- 
 ganization, and for 
 four years, up to 
 1891, was the presi- 
 dent of the chamber. 
 It was largely through 
 his efforts that the 
 present building 
 for that body was 
 erected, he securing 
 the donation of the 
 land from President 
 Whitney, of the West 
 End Street Railroad. 
 He took an active 
 interest in the erec- 
 tion of the building, 
 and laid the corner- 
 stone. Mr. Speare 
 was one of the in- 
 corporators of the 
 Boston Peniiy Sav- 
 ings Bank, was one 
 of the trustees and 
 one of the vice- 
 presidents. For 
 nearly twenty years he was one of the directors of the 
 Everett National Bank. He is a director of the 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, of the St. 
 Louis & San Francisco, the Atlantic & Pacific, the 
 Mexican Central and the Connecticut & Passumpsic ; is 
 largely interested in several New England manufactur- 
 ing corporations, and is president of the Arkansas Valley 
 Town and Land Company. He is a member of the 
 Boston .^rt Club, and various other organizations. 
 
Si8 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 AUSTIN R. MITCHELL is one of the greatest 
 benefactors of Newton. He is at the head of 
 several of the city's important institutions, and his pub- 
 lic-spiritedness and great business abilities have materi- 
 ally helped Newton to its prosperous position of to-day. 
 He served in the Newton city government four years. 
 He is one of the largest real estate holders in the city, 
 and one of the largest taxpayers. He is president of 
 the West Newton Savings Bank, and is the head of the 
 large tobacco firm of 
 A. R. Mitchell & Co., 
 of Boston. He was 
 born, May 31, 1828, 
 in the little town of 
 Cummington, Mass., 
 the same town which 
 gave birth to William 
 CuUen Bryant, the 
 poet, and Henry 
 Laurens Dawes, the 
 statesman. Until the 
 age of eighteen he 
 attended the schools 
 of the town, and was 
 then employed as 
 clerk in a store, where 
 he remained until at- 
 taining his majority. 
 He was diligent in 
 business and careful 
 and saving in his 
 habits, and in 1849, 
 when an excellent 
 opportunity to start 
 in the tobacco and 
 cigar business pre- 
 sented itself, he — 
 was enabled to em- 
 brace it. In 1855 he 
 disposed of the busi- 
 ness and, with an old hotel man, bought the Bay State 
 Hotel, in New York. For three years this business was 
 conducted, and he withdrew from the partnership to 
 enter the employ of P. Lorillard & Co., tobacconists, 
 the largest and oldest house in the L^nited States. He 
 travelled for this firm until 1865, when he was appointed 
 New England agent for the concern for fifteen years, 
 and during that period built up an enormous business. 
 Subsecjuently he became the New England agent of 
 
 another New \'ork house, and this business is still held 
 by him. The firm of A. R. Mitchell & Co. has also the 
 agency for the Leggett & Myers Tobacco Company, of 
 St. Louis, Missouri, the largest tobacco manufacturers 
 in the world. In 1870 Mr. Mitchell moved to Nevvton- 
 ville. at that time a rural village, but to-day the geo- 
 graphical centre of the Garden City, and for more than 
 a score of years he has been closely identified with the 
 remarkable prosperity of his adopted city. His resi- 
 dence is among the 
 finest in the city. He 
 was prominent in es- 
 tablishing the West 
 Newton First Na- 
 tional Bank in 1888, 
 and was elected vice- 
 president and a di- 
 rector. A year later, 
 when the ^^'^est New- 
 ton Savings Bank was 
 organized, he was 
 made its president. 
 He is a director of 
 the Newton Associ- 
 ates, and of the New- 
 ton & Boston Elec- 
 tric Street Railway, 
 also being the largest 
 stockholder in the 
 latter corporation. 
 For the past ten years 
 he has been a di- 
 rector in the Middle- 
 sex Banking Com- 
 pany, of Middletown, 
 Ct., which is the 
 most successful farm 
 mortgage loan com- 
 pany in New Eng- 
 land, having total 
 assets of §7,622,908. He is a director in the New Eng- 
 land Street Railway Company. When the Newton Club- 
 House was built, in 1892, Mr. Mitchell donated $5,500 
 to the club, and became a liberal subscriber to the club 
 bonds. The Newton Club-House is now the finest in 
 the State outside of Boston. In the development of the 
 material interests of Newton Mr. Mitchell has been one 
 of the most prominent factors during the past twenty 
 years. 
 
 AUSTIN R. MITCHELL. 
 
WOBURN, one of the cliief seats of the leather industry in the country, is, as well, one of the most interesting 
 places in Massachusetts from an historic standpoint, its incorporation as a town dating back to 1642, or 
 only twelve years after the settlement of Boston. It had been settled two years before, being known as "Charles- 
 town Village," the deed of grant to Charlestown being made by the General Court in 1640. It received its name 
 of Woburn from the fact that the English town of this same name was the birthplace of Robert Sedgwick, the 
 chairman of the committee of thirteen chosen by Charlestown to define the bounds between the two places, and to 
 select the town site. The establishment of the church in the village, in 1642, was quickly succeeded by the town's 
 incorporation, the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of which incorporation was appropriately celebrated by the 
 jjeople of Woburn only a few months ago. 
 
 The early settlers had the same difficulties to overcome as were characteristic of the reclaiming to civilization 
 of the primeval wilderness of that early time ; but the stoutness of heart and indomitable purpose that triumphed 
 elsewhere under similar circumstances overcame all obstacles, and laid the foundations of the town that five years 
 ago blossomed into the fulness of municipal dignity. 
 
 The early history of Woburn is not associated with the tragic recital of Indian atrocities, its proximity to 
 Boston giving it a security not enjoyed by more remote places ; but it contributed loyally its quota of stout hearts 
 to the Indian wars pre\ailing during its first fifty years, to the French and Indian War about the middle of the last 
 century, and to the Revolution. A company of Woburn Minute Men particijjated in the nation's first "baptism of 
 blood" at Lexington and Concord, and two of their number — Asahel Porter and Da\id Thompson — are among 
 the martvrs of that historic day. In the eventful limes that followed, from Bunker Hill to Yorktown, the sons of 
 Woburn played a loyal part ; and neither were they found wanting in the second w&r with P^ngland, nor in that 
 with Mexico, while in the Rebellion she contributed 775 men, eighty-two of whom were killed. 
 
 The business of tanning in Woburn dates back to the very beginning of the town's history, for the names of 
 John and Francis Wyman, tanners, appear among the original signers of the town's orders. Thus this industry w^as 
 associated with Woburn from the first, and it remains to this day practically the sole business of the place. 
 
 Situated about ten miles from Boston, and upon the great railroad highway between Boston and the North, — 
 the Boston & Maine system, — it is easy of access, frequent trains daily putting it in close connection with the 
 metropolis of New England. Considering its advantageous location, its growth, while steady, has not been in 
 proportion to that which has been enjoyed elsewhere, a fact in the main due to its being dominated by a single 
 industry, which has drawn thither only those interested in that calling. Not offering the inducement of diversified 
 industries, it has been placed at a disadvantage compared with places more favored by such diversity, and -conse- 
 quently has been of slower growth. Its present population is about 14,000. 
 
 Its most noteworthy attraction to the visitor is its magnificent public library building, which, in architectural 
 beauty, is not surpassed by any library structure in the country. This is a monument to the philanthropy and 
 public spirit of Charles Bowers Winn, who died in 1875 and left $250,000 for the purpose. It is worthy of 
 note that the initial step toward the foundation of the library was taken by the Hon. Jonathan Bowers Winn, 
 father of the foregoing, as early as 1855 ; and that it received by his death in 1873, and by the death of the 
 latter's brother, Timothy \\'inn, the same year, legacies aggregating $5,500. 
 
 Woburn abounds in historic landmarks, while within the city limits, or immediately adjacent thereto, are 
 many romantic spots to catch the fancy and inspire the brush of an artist. Here still stands the house in which 
 was born Benjamin Thompson, better known as Count Rumford, who was undoubtedly one of the most remarkable 
 men of his time, although his Tory sympathies in his country's infant crisis removes him without the pale of 
 respect of patriotic Americans. It was in Woburn that Charles Goodyear discovered the |)rocess of vulcanizing 
 rubber, and the house is still standing in which he resided at the time. 
 
S20 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EDWARD K\KRETT THOMPSON was born in 
 North Woburn, Mass., Dec. i8, 1826, and is the 
 son of Charles and Mary Wyman Thompson, being the 
 youngest of nine children. He traces his ancestry 
 back through seven generations to James Thompson, 
 who was a member of the party which, under command 
 of Governor Winthrop, landed at Salem in June, 1630. 
 This James Thompson was one of the original settlers 
 of Woburn, and in December, 1640, was one of the 
 thirty-two signers of 
 the Town Orders. 
 He served as a mem- 
 ber of the first Board 
 of Selectmen elected 
 in 1642, and contin- 
 ued to hold this office 
 for twenty years. The 
 subject of this sketch 
 was educated in the 
 public schools of his 
 native town, finish- 
 ing with the gram- 
 mar school, which 
 was the highest grade 
 the town enjoyed in 
 those days. Leaving 
 school, he was for a 
 number of years 
 engaged in mercan- 
 tile business with his 
 brother Abijah, at 
 North Woburn, where 
 he also served as 
 ]i o s t m a s t e r. In 
 March, 1861, Wo- 
 burn increased its 
 selectmen fro m 
 three to nine, and 
 Mr. Thompson was 
 chosen one of the 
 
 number. At the breaking out of the war, his brother 
 having enlisted, and the duties of selectman demanding 
 so much time, owing to the requirements of the time, 
 Mr. Thompson sold out his business and devoted his 
 entire time to public affairs. He continued a member of 
 the Hoard of Selectmen for seventeen years, almost rival- 
 ling in length of service the public career of his paternal 
 ancestor in the town's infancy, and was chairman one 
 year and clerk of the board for twelve years. In 1871 
 
 EDWARD E. THOMPSON 
 
 he was chosen clerk of the Water Hoard and Water 
 Register, serving in this dual office for ten years. In 
 187 1 he also represented Woburn in the General Court. 
 For ten years he has been a special commissioner 
 for Middlesex County, and for twelve years treasurer of 
 the Woburn Five-Cent Savings Bank. When Woburn 
 became a city, in 1889, Mr. Thompson was elected to 
 the Common Council from Ward Four, and served two 
 years as president of that body. In the campaign of 
 
 1 89 1 he was elected 
 third mayor of \Vo- 
 burn, and had the 
 satisfaction of being 
 the executive head 
 of the city during 
 the year that marked 
 the two hundred and 
 fiftieth anniversary 
 of Woburn's incorpo- 
 ration, and the cele- 
 bration of which 
 c o m m e m o r a t e d 
 an event in which 
 his ancestor, James 
 Thompson, took an 
 active part. Mr. 
 Thompson has been 
 a prominent worker 
 in the counsels of the 
 Congre gat ion al 
 church, having been 
 deacon of the First 
 Church o f Woburn 
 for eight years, su- 
 perintendent of the 
 North Church Sab- 
 bath-school for five 
 years, superintend- 
 ent of the First 
 Church Sabbath- 
 school ten years, collector and treasurer of the First Con- 
 gregational parish fourteen years, and a member of the 
 Church Aid Committee of the Woburn Conference nine 
 years. Sept. 9, 1848, Mr. Thompson married Sarah S. 
 Hackett, of Wilton, N. H., and they have two children, 
 Mrs. Charles M. Strout and Mrs. C. Willard Smith. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have a pleasant home on Mont- 
 vale Avenue, Woburn, made brighter by the fact that 
 their children reside near by. 
 
W OB URN. 
 
 521 
 
 PHILIP KEARNEY ADAMS RICHARDSON is 
 the son of George Adams Richardson and Lavina 
 ((jillespie) Richardson, and was born in Chelsea, Mass., 
 Feb. 20, 1863. When but five years of age his parents 
 removed to Woburn, Mass., where his early education 
 was obtained in the public schools, supplemented later 
 by attendance at an art school in Boston. His tastes 
 early turned to wood-engraving as the business which 
 he later chose as his life-work, and which he has fol- 
 lowed ever since with 
 success, being at pres- 
 ent a partner in the 
 business of theAldine 
 Engraving Company, 
 of Boston. In poli- 
 itics Mr. Richardson, 
 since the attainment 
 of his majority, has 
 been an ardent and 
 active Republican, 
 and has done efficient 
 service as a member 
 of the Republican 
 City Committee of 
 Woburn ; but until 
 1890, when he was 
 appointed registrar 
 of voters by Mayor 
 Johnson, he had 
 never held public 
 office of any kind. 
 Later he became a 
 civil service exam- 
 iner, and in the mu- 
 nicipal campaign of 
 1 89 1 he was nomi- 
 nated as Republican 
 candidate from Wo- 
 burn's third ward, a 
 seat which had been 
 
 held by a Democrat from the time of Woburn's first 
 municipal election. It is a tribute to Mr. Richardson's 
 personal popularity among those without the pale of his 
 own party that he scored a victory in this his first ap- 
 pearance at the polls, and in a ward where the Demo- 
 crats are in a decided majority. His discharge of his 
 aldermanic duties was distinguished by that frank, manly 
 independence of character and high-minded conception 
 of his duties, as the representative of his ward, that was 
 
 PHILIP K. A. RICHARDSON. 
 
 expected by those who had loyally given him their 
 votes, and showed a grasp of the requirements of his 
 position that was bound to make him a political factor 
 henceforth to be considered in the conduct of his city's 
 affairs. Courageous when the occasion was one to 
 demand the courage of unpartisanship, he made for 
 himself a record that immediately dignified his individ- 
 ualitv as that of the most available man his party could 
 liut forward for mayoralty honors in the succeeding 
 
 election. His nom- 
 ination, therefore, fol- 
 lowed as the logical 
 sequence of the ser- 
 vice he had rendered, 
 and in the municipal 
 contest of 1892 he 
 was elected Woburn's 
 fourth and present 
 mayor in one of the 
 closest and most ex- 
 citing struggles that 
 his city has ever 
 known, a contest in 
 which there were two 
 other candidates, and 
 in which all three 
 polled an unusually 
 heavy vote. In 1891 
 Mr. Richardson mar- 
 ried Miss Roxanna 
 Baker Christy, and 
 his home life is as 
 happy as his political 
 career has been for- 
 tunate. Sociajly, he 
 is one of the most 
 genial and compan- 
 ionable of men, — 
 one whose frankness 
 is the natural reflec- 
 tion of his sincerity of character, and as such is prop- 
 erly understood and appreciated by all who know him. 
 No better evidence of such appreciation could be foimd 
 than the fact at so early an age and after so brief an 
 introduction to official affairs, he is to-day the executive 
 head of the city where his boyhood and manhood have 
 been spent, and where his character has developed and 
 unfolded under the eyes of the very people by whom he 
 has been honored with the chief gift at their disposal. 
 
5: 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EDWARD FRANCIS JOHNSON, son of John and 
 Julia A. (Bulfinch) Johnson, was born in Woburn, 
 Mass., Oct. 22, 1856, and is a direct descendant of 
 Captain Edward Johnson, who served as the fiist 
 town clerk and chairman of the first Board of Select- 
 men in Woburn. The subject of this sketch received 
 his early education in the public schools of his native 
 town, and upon his graduation from the high school in 
 :874, entered Harvard College, where, in 1878, he 
 obtained the degree 
 
 of A. B. The 
 
 suc- 
 
 ceeding year 
 
 was 
 
 sjient in rest, 
 
 en- 
 
 livened by travel 
 abroad, and upon 
 his return he entered 
 Harvard Law School, 
 graduating therefrom 
 in 1882 with the de- 
 gree of LL. B., hav- 
 ing been the year 
 previous admitted to 
 the Suffolk bar. The 
 very year that he 
 graduated from the 
 Harvard Law School 
 he was appointed 
 clerk of the Fourth 
 District Court of 
 Eastern Middlesex, 
 and held that posi- 
 tion until his resig- 
 nation in 1888. In 
 1887 he was elected 
 town treasurer of 
 Woburn, and was 
 again elected the 
 succeeding year, and 
 in 1888, when Wo- 
 b urn was incorpo- 
 rated as a city, he was elected as the first mayor of the 
 new municipality, being elected for a second term the 
 succeeding year. To the work accomplished by its 
 young mayor in those two first crucial years, during 
 which the city was enjoying its first lessons in city gov- 
 ernment, exceeding credit is due. With a keen com- 
 prehension of the requirements consequent upon the 
 assumption of municipal dignity, Mayor Johnson brought 
 into practical requisition a knowledge and grasp of 
 
 EDWARD F. JOHNSON 
 
 municipal law that placed the newly-fledged city on a 
 secure and creditable foundation, and removed the 
 occasion for friction among the various departments. 
 He was the man for the time, and the city owes him a 
 debt of gratitude for the signal manner in which he 
 demonstrated that fact. Rarely, indeed, has the guid- 
 ance of a city in its first days of municipal dignity, with 
 methods of government so distinct from those of the 
 town, been entrusted to so young a hand, and rarer 
 
 still, to one better 
 able to rise to the 
 full stature of the re- 
 q u i r e m e n t s . In 
 February, 1891, Mr. 
 Johnson was chosen 
 justice of the Fourth 
 District of Eastern 
 Middlesex, the same 
 tribunal of which he 
 had been clerk for 
 six years, prior to 
 his resignation in 
 1888. All of Judge 
 Johnson's American 
 ancestors, excepting 
 the first two genera- 
 tions, were natives 
 of Woburn, and like 
 his paternal ances- 
 tor. Captain Edward 
 Johnson, whose 
 " Wonder-Working 
 Providence" is the 
 earliest record of 
 Woburn, having been 
 written in 165 1, the 
 subject of this sketch 
 has contributed not 
 a little by his re- 
 searches to throw 
 light on Woburn's history. With a love for the place 
 with which the fortunes of his family have been asso- 
 ciated from the settlement of the town, he has published 
 many papers dealing with old landmarks, while a 
 decidedly important contribution is the record of births, 
 marriages and deaths in Woburn, from its settlement to 
 the present, compiled with great care and accuracy, 
 published in three volumes, and which are of incalcul- 
 able value to the genealogical student. 
 
W OB URN. 
 
 523 
 
 GEORGE FREMONT BEAN, second mayor of 
 Wobuni, is the only child of Stephen Sibley 
 Bean and Nancy (Colby) Bean, and was born in Brad- 
 ford, N. H., March 24, 1857. His early education was 
 obtained in Warner, N. H., whither his family removed 
 when he was very young and where he attended the dis- 
 trict school and subsequently the high school. He 
 fitted for college at Colby Academy, New London, 
 N. H., and entered Brown I'niversity in 1877, gradua- 
 ting t he re from as 
 second in his class, 
 and consequently 
 salutatorian in 1881. 
 While at college, Mr. 
 Bean was managing 
 editor of the Briiiio- 
 niaii, one of the 
 lead i ng university 
 publications, was a 
 member of the Delta 
 Upsilon Fraternity, 
 and took an active 
 part in the athletic 
 sports whereby phys- 
 ical development is 
 designed to keep 
 pace with the mental 
 improvement inci- 
 dent to the mind- 
 broadening curricu- 
 lum. The year after 
 graduation was spent 
 as principal of a gram- 
 mar school in Wo- 
 burn, which was Mr. 
 Bean's first introduc- 
 tion to a place over 
 which he was to be 
 the chief executive 
 about ten years later. 
 
 Teaching was in his case, as in the case of so many 
 others, but the breathing-spell ere taking up the career 
 that is to prove a life-work, and therefore after a single 
 year's service in the school-room, he took up the study 
 of law, entering the office of the Honorable Samuel C. 
 Eastman, at Concord, N. H., where the succeeding year 
 was spent in exploring the mysteries of Blackstone, 
 Coke and Lyttleton, as well as the works of American 
 jurists. The following year Mr. Bean entered Boston 
 
 GEORGE F. BEAN. 
 
 University Law School, from which he graduated in 
 1885, being admitted to the Suffolk bar in June of that 
 year. He immediately took up the practice of his pro- 
 fession in Boston, devoting himself especially to com- 
 mercial, probate and corporation law matters. Although 
 a Democrat and a resident of the strong Democratic 
 city of Woburn, Mr. Bean never took an active part 
 in politics until the municipal campaign of 1890, at 
 which time he was elected on a citizens' ticket for 
 
 mayor, defeating an 
 opponent who went 
 into the campaign 
 with the dual ad- 
 vantage of Republi- 
 can and Democratic 
 nomination. A new 
 and untried man, he 
 gave his city a good 
 administration under 
 circumstances that 
 were particularly try- 
 ing and difficult. 
 The succeeding year 
 he received the 
 Democratic nomina- 
 tion but was defeated 
 by his Republican 
 opponent through 
 factional opposition 
 in his own party. In 
 the campaign of 
 1892 Mr. Bean was 
 again the candidate 
 of his party, and 
 polled within thirty- 
 seven votes of the 
 successful Rei)ubli- 
 can candidate, not- 
 withstanding the fact 
 that there was an in- 
 dependent candidate in the field vvho polled a heavy 
 Democratic vote. Mr. Bean took an active and promi- 
 nent part in the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary 
 of the founding of A\oburn. In 1886 Mr. Bean mar- 
 ried Miss E. Maria Blodgett, a lady prominent in the 
 educational affairs of U'oburn, having been before her 
 marriage a teacher in the high school of that city, and 
 who is and has been for some time a member the 
 Woburn School Board. 
 
NEITHER the pioneer of the se\enteenth century nor the patriot of the eighteenth lould possibly ha\e con- 
 ceived the growth and development of the farming community scattered over the hills and valleys of the 
 western part of Middlesex County into one of the foremost manufacturing communities in Massachusetts. While 
 many of the old farms yet remain, unimpaired in area, on the outskirts of the territory embraced in the city limits, 
 another aspect than that of an agricultural community is presented by the modern Marlborough to the world at 
 large. A young and growing city, whose natural advantages are supplemented by the enterprise and industry of 
 her citizens, Marlborough is to-day an exemplification of what may be accomplished by the union of the progres- 
 sive ideas of the nineteenth century with the solid, Puritan stock of her founders. From the days when her 
 farmers, in common with those of so many New England towns, possessed a skill in the fashioning of footwear, to 
 the modern days of machinery, Marlborough has kept pace with the march of improvement and is to-day in the 
 first rank of the manufacturing cities of New England. 
 
 To the shoe industry alone Marlborough owes her growth and her material prosperity. Almost without 
 exception such other manufacturing plants as are established within her borders are connected in one way or 
 another with the one great industry, while it is the weekly pay-roll of the shops that maintains her mercantile 
 establishments, supports her public schools and contributes to her churches. The manufacture of boots and 
 shoes on a large scale was first commenced by .Samuel Boyd, and until his death, in 1892, he was one of the leading 
 figures in the life and business of Marlborough, while the plant which he established is one of the largest in the 
 city. Other manufactories have grown up, until to-day there are many of them all over the city, the largest being 
 that of the S. H. Howe Shoe Manufacturing Company, whose three large factories, located in the western part of 
 the business portion of the city, give employment to two thousand hands. In the immediate vicinity of the 
 Howe shops are located those of John A. Frye, T. A. Coolidge & Co., Chase, Merritt & Co. and J. Desmond, while 
 the large plants of the Boyd-Corey Manufacturing Company, John O'Connell, Rice & Hutchins and J. B. Billings 
 are located in the central and eastern portion of the city. Smaller establishments for the manufacture of a finer 
 grade of shoes than those made in the large shops are being started, that of HoUis & Dearborn being an example. 
 Elmer Loring, leather remnants ; T. J. Beaudry, die manufacturer : Frank Billings, leather remnants ; Henry 
 Parsons, John Davey, Anderson & Dailey, M. C. Wheeler, Wood & \Mllard, machinists : George A. Howe, E. F. 
 Longley, E. M. Low and Frank & Duston, box manufacturers ; Malcolm Mcl.ane and J. W. Strattard, foundries, 
 and the Marlborough Last Company — all are dependent on the one great industry for their maintenance and 
 their business. 
 
 The only prominent industry that is entirely distinct from the shoe trade is that of the Germania I';iectric 
 Company, whose plant is on Maple Street. This concern, finding itself cramped for lack of room at its former 
 location in Cambridge, was forced to look elsewhere, and through the efforts of the Marlborough Board of Trade 
 was induced to remove to Marlborough, the buildings and engine of the Commonwealth Shoe Company being 
 placed at its disposal, the latter concern ha\ing removed to Whitman in order to consolidate its various branches. 
 The Germania Company went to Marlborough in 1891, and immediately commenced the manufacture of dynamos, 
 incandescent lamps and other electric-light apparatus on a large and constantly increasing scale. In addition to 
 the force of experts that are required in this business, a large force of girls is constantly employed. 
 
 Marlborough is looked upon by the leaders of organized labor as one of the strongest labor-union cities in 
 the country, but wise and conservative management has always been the rule, and there is \ery little friction 
 between the employers and the employed, arbitration being the means employed to settle particularly knotty cases. 
 Marlborough has nothing to boast of in the line of public buildings, but the number of fine business blocks 
 is large and constantly increasing, some of the more notable structures being Frye's Block at the corner of 
 Mechanic and Lincoln streets, the People's Bank, Burke's, Warren's, Hunter's, and the Grand .Army of the 
 Republic blocks on Main Street, while others are designed for construction in the near future. 
 
MARLBOROUGH. 
 
 525 
 
 AMONG those of her adopted citizens, Marlborough 
 holds none higher than William Nathaniel Daven- 
 port, born in Boylston, Mass., Nov. 3, 1856. He is the son 
 of William J. and Almira (Howard) Davenport, having 
 been born on the original tract of land granted to the 
 Davenports by the colonial Legislature. He is the direct 
 descendant of Captain Richard Davenport, commander 
 of the King's forces, whose remains now rest in King's 
 Chapel Burying-ground, Boston. The senior Davenport 
 died in 1858, leaving 
 his wife with three 
 little children, two 
 of them daughters. 
 Attending school 
 until eleven years 
 old, William N. left 
 it forever, to work in 
 a cotton mill. Going 
 to Hudson w hen 
 thirteen, he worked 
 a year in a shoe 
 shop, going thence 
 to Marlborough, 
 where he worked in 
 a similar place nine 
 years. He had 
 studied during his 
 spare time, and at 
 the age of twenty- 
 three left the shoe 
 shop with one thou- 
 sand dollars, the sav- 
 ings of three years, 
 and entered the law 
 office of J. T. Joslin, 
 Hudson, remain- 
 ing there a year. 
 Thence he went to 
 Ann Arbor, attend- 
 ing the law depart- 
 ment of the Michigan University. In 1882 the Police 
 Court of Marlborough was formed, and Mr. Davenport 
 was a])iJointed clerk. In 1SS3 he entered into partner- 
 ship with E. F. Johnson, the union lasting one vear, at 
 the end of which time he resigned his clerkshijj. He 
 was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1S82 and to the 
 Massachusetts bar in 1883, upon examination. In 1SS4 
 he was elected to the Legislature by a large plurality, 
 and was re-elected in 1885 by a large majority, in the 
 
 WILLIAM N. DAVENPORT 
 
 face of an opposition majoritv in the town. He was 
 defeated for the Senate in 1886, was elected in 1888, 
 and was re-elected in 1889, running ahead of his ticket 
 in all cases. In the Legislature he served on the follow- 
 ing committees : House Committee on Labor, Probate 
 and Insohency, Election Laws (chairman) and Bills in 
 the Third Reading ; Senate Committee on Judiciary, 
 Probate and Insolvency (chairman) ; Bills in the Third 
 Reading (chairman), and Railroads: Joint Standing 
 
 Committee of Inves- 
 tigation of Commis- 
 
 sioner of Province 
 
 Laws, and Contested 
 Elections, 1889, 
 and chairman of 
 the Committee 
 on the Investiga- 
 tion of Bribery 
 Charges made b y 
 George Fred Wil- 
 liams in 1890. H e 
 was a member of the 
 Republican State 
 Central Committee 
 two years, of the 
 Ninth District Con- 
 gressional Committee 
 si.x years, chairman 
 of the Marlborough 
 Republican Town 
 Committee three 
 years, and now 
 (1892) member of 
 the Republican 
 Councillor Commit- 
 tee. He was Grand 
 Commander of the 
 American Legion of 
 Honor for two years 
 and grand leader of 
 the Home Circle for one year. At present he is Supreme 
 Representative to the Supreme Council of the Home Cir- 
 cle, and a Supreme Trustee of the American Legion of 
 Honor. He is likewise a member of the Masonic Fra- 
 ternity, Lodge and Chajiter, and of the Improved Order 
 of Red Men. He was married, on Jan. i, 1887, to 
 Lizzie M., daughter of Lyman P. Kendall, of Boylston. 
 Politically, professionally and socially, Mr. Davenport 
 occupies a front rank in the esteem of his fellow-men. 
 
526 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO~DAY. 
 
 FEW, if any, of Marlborough's sons have been hon- 
 ored with public ofifices of trust and responsibility 
 to the extent of the subject of this sketch. He is by 
 birth and education a typical specimen of Marlborough's 
 best men, and as such is known and respected through- 
 out the State. James W. McDonald was born May 15, 
 1853, being the son of Michael and Jane (Mulcahy) 
 McDonald, and has always lived in his native place. 
 He received his school education there, graduating from 
 the high school. At 
 the end of three 
 years' study he was 
 admitted to the bar, 
 after passing the ex- 
 a m i n a t i o n by the 
 Middlesex exam- 
 iners. His practice 
 has been a lucrative 
 and constantly in- 
 creasing one. For 
 several years he was 
 town counsel of Marl- 
 horough, and has 
 been city solicitor 
 since the formation 
 of the city govern- 
 ment. For twelve 
 years he was a mem- 
 ber of the School 
 Committee. He was 
 elected to the Mas- 
 sachusetts House of 
 Representatives, and 
 served during the 
 session of 1880, be- 
 ing a member of the 
 committees on Li- 
 quor Laws and Con- 
 stitutional Amend- 
 ments. In 1 89 1 he 
 
 served in the State Senate from the Fourth Middlesex 
 District, being chairman of the Committee on Manufac- 
 tures and a member of the committees on Constitu- 
 tional Amendments, Probate and Insolvency, the special 
 committee on Congressional Redistrictingand the special 
 committee which sat during the recess on the formation 
 of a general city charter, and which reported a bill 
 adopted by the Legislature of 1892. Re-elected to the 
 Senate, he served as chairman of the Committee on 
 
 JAMES w. McDonald. 
 
 Probate and Insolvency, and was a member of the com- 
 mittees on Judiciary, Constitutional Amendments and 
 the special recess committee on the revision of the 
 judicial system of the State. At the close of the ses- 
 sion of 1892 he was appointed chairman of the State 
 Board of Gas and Electric Light Commissioners, resign- 
 ing at that time from the Committee on Revision of 
 the Judicial System. During the session of 1891 Mr. 
 McDonald was chairman of the committee that drafted 
 
 the bill permitting 
 cities and towns to 
 construct and oper- 
 ate their own plants 
 for gas and electric 
 lighting, which was 
 known as the McDon- 
 ald Bill, and which 
 became a law. A 
 Democrat in politics, 
 Mr. McDonald has 
 never failed to re- 
 ceive Republican 
 support whenever he 
 was a candidate for 
 office, such was the 
 confidence in his in- 
 tegrity and ability 
 displayed by those 
 familiar with his 
 course as a public 
 official. For several 
 years he was asso- 
 ciate justice of the 
 Marlborough Police 
 Court. He has been 
 for a long time the 
 chairman of the Dem- 
 ocratic City Com- 
 mittee of Marlbor- 
 ough, and is always 
 called upon to render service to the party during the 
 campaign. He is a most convincing speaker on politi 
 cal subjects, being thoroughly versed in economic ques- 
 tions. Mr. McDonald is a member of two fraternal 
 organizations, — the Royal Arcanum and the Ancient 
 Order of Foresters of America. He is unmarried, re- 
 siding with his mother on Prospect Street in his native 
 city. As city solicitor of Marlborough, he keeps in 
 close touch with all municipal affairs. 
 
MARLBOROUGH. 
 
 527 
 
 IT was said, when Marlborough voted in July, 1890, to 
 accept a city charter, that S. H. Howe was practi- 
 cally chosen mayor, so strong was his hold on the 
 respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens. It is safe 
 to say that not one of Marlborough's prominent men 
 has, to a greater degree, the esteem of all classes and 
 conditions of men than has Simon Herbert Howe, the 
 subject of this brief biographical sketch. He is the 
 son of Samuel and Charlotte Howe, his mother's maiden 
 name being likewise 
 Howe. Born Dec. 
 21, 1835, he grew 
 up to youth and man- 
 hood on the breezy 
 hills of Marlborough. 
 He began shoemak- 
 ing at the age of 
 eleven, and is famil- 
 iar with all the de- 
 tails of the craft. He 
 graduated from 
 school at the age of 
 twenty. In 1855 he 
 c o m m e n c e d the 
 manufacture of shoes 
 in a shop on Pleas- 
 ant Street, in com- 
 pany with his brother, 
 Lewis A. Howe. He 
 subsequently p u r - 
 chased his brother's 
 interest and removed 
 the business to the 
 corner of Pleasant 
 and Elm streets, the 
 site of what is now 
 the main shop in the 
 trio of large factories 
 operated in his name. 
 This shop has been 
 
 enlarged many times, until it stands as one of the 
 largest in Eastern Massachusetts. On March 12, 1878, 
 he purchased the "Diamond F" shop on Pleasant 
 Street from James Tucker. This shop, too, has been 
 successively enlarged. On June 4, 1889, he purchased 
 the " Diamond O " shop from C. L. & L. T. Frye and 
 added it to his already large plant. The S. H. Howe 
 Shoe Company, of which he is the president, now 
 operates these three factories, the daily output being 
 
 SIMON H. HOWE 
 
 ten thousand pairs. Mr. Howe has been frequently 
 called to public position by his fellow-citizens. He 
 held the ofifice of town selectman in 1866, 1873, 1875 
 and 1 87 7 and, as intimated in the opening lines of this 
 sketch, was the choice by an overwhelming majority for 
 the position of the first mayor of the new city. He 
 served in that capacity for one year, retiring with the 
 respect of all citizens. Mr. Howe was for a long time 
 chairman of the School Committee of the town. He 
 
 represented the 
 district in the lower 
 branch of the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature 
 in 1877. In the 
 commercial life of 
 Marlborough, M r . 
 Howe has ever been 
 prominent. He was 
 elected trustee of the 
 Marlborough Savings 
 Bank in 1875, and in 
 1882 was c h o's en 
 president of that in- 
 stitution. He was, 
 in 1879, one of the 
 original incorpora- 
 tors of the People's 
 National Bank, and 
 has always been on 
 the Board of Direc- 
 tors thereof. Jan. i, 
 1857, he was mar- 
 ried to Harriet A . 
 Brigham. Four chil- 
 dren are the result 
 of this union^ the 
 eldest, Louis P., be- 
 ing vice-president of 
 the corporation 
 which bears his 
 father's name. Mr. Howe has always been a promi- 
 nent member of the Unitarian church, standing high 
 in its councils and doing much to further its interests. 
 He stands to-day the foremost citizen of Marlborough, 
 the one to whose business energy, as much as to any 
 other cause, is due her material prosperity. The man 
 who supplies the world with sixtv thousand pairs of shoes 
 a week, and finds time to devote to public interests, 
 commands the respect of his fellow-men. 
 
EVERP^TT is, with but one exception, the youngest city in the State. Only during the present year has it 
 secured a city charter, and become an incorporated municipality, ranking twenty-ninth in the list of Massa- 
 chusetts cities. But Everett is one of the growing and most prosperous communities in the State. In the 
 past ten years the growth has been phenomenal, yet of a solid, substantial character. The population of Everett 
 is now about 15,000. According to the census of 1880 the population was 4,159, while in 1890 the population 
 was 11,068, an increase of one hundred and sixty-six per cent, the highest of any city or town in the State. 
 
 The history of Everett as a distinct community dates only from 1870, when it was separated from Maiden 
 and named in honor of the orator, Edward F>erett. By an act of the Legislature on March 9, 1870, that part of 
 Maiden known as South Maiden, with 2,220 inhabitants, was allowed to become a separate town. For more than 
 a quarter century before, the citizens of South Maiden had agitated the question of separation, and up to 1870 had 
 made seven ineffectual attempts to get legislative consent. Maiden stoutly and persistently opposed the division, 
 but as the two communities had little of common interest, South Maiden labored unwillingly under the yoke. So 
 when the division bill was passed, there was great rejoicing in the town, and a celebration on an extensive scale 
 was indulged in, with a banquet, speeches, music and fireworks. However, the new town soon found it had nearly 
 e\erything to create for itself. Its educational facilities were poor, its school buildings destitute of modern 
 conveniences, its streets and sidewalks in wretched condition ; it had no water supply, and only an old-fashioned 
 hand engine to put out fires. 
 
 In the twenty-three years of its existence, E\erett has wholly reconstructed its school accommodations, and 
 with the completion of the new high-school building, which will cost over ^60,000, it will have eight large, conven- 
 ient and well-ventilated school-houses, representing an outlay of more than ^190,000. It has expended for the 
 maintenance of its schools, $397,000 ; for streets and sidewalks, §327,000 : for its water works, 8260,000 : and for 
 sewers, $107,000. 'I'hrough the liberality of two former citizens, the city is soon to have two public library build- 
 ings. The sum of Sio,ooo was bequeathed by William Shute, of Lynn, for a building in the Glendale district, and a 
 lot of land in Everett Square, valued at more than $6,000, has been presented to the town by Albert N. Parlin, who 
 is also to give $5,000 toward the erection of the building. 
 
 The acreage of Everett has manv times been the subject of dispute. In 1632 the English and Indians had 
 serious trouble in regard to it, but it was happily ended by the death of the Indian chief Wonohaquahan, or 
 Sagamore John. The following year the territory between Island End Ri\erand Maiden River, " and soe vpp 
 into the country," was granted to Charlestovvn. Five years later a division of Mystic-side lands, composing what 
 is now Everett and Maiden, was made, and a large tract was set apart for " desirable persons," and for " such 
 persons as may come with another minister." In 1640 the penny ferry, which continued one hundred and forty- 
 seven years, was established, running from a point near the present Maiden Bridge to Charlestown, being super- 
 seded by the Maiden Bridge. It is recorded in 1643 that Thomas Caule " dwelleth by the water at the Ferry place 
 on mystick side, many ])eople having occasion to come that way," and he did " hmiibly request leave to sell bread, 
 beare, and other victualling for the refreshing of such." 
 
 In contrast with the spirit displayed at that early day, it is interesting to note that since the passage of the 
 local option law not a single license for the sale of lii|uors has been granted in the town. In 1649 Maiden was 
 sejjarated from Charlestown, but the latter town retained, until 1726, the southern ])art, comprising more than half 
 of what is now Everett, and still retains a narrow strip near Maiden Bridge, on which is located the Charlestown 
 (Boston) almshouse. Everett has become noted for its s|)rings of remarkably ])ure water, and enormous quantities 
 are annually supplied to neighboring cities. 
 
 The manufactures of E\erett include acids and chemicals, bicycles, furniture, worsted goods, iron foundings 
 and roofing materials. Woodlawn, one of the most beautiful cemeteries in Massachusetts, is located in E\erett. 
 
EVERETT. 
 
 529 
 
 AMOS STONE has for half a century been one of 
 the prominent financiers in Middlesex County, 
 and to-day, at the age of seventy-six, holds more respon- 
 sible positions than any man of his years in the county. 
 He is president of the Charlestown Sa\ings Bank, which 
 was organized in 1854, with his brother as president 
 and himself as tieasurer and trustee, and he continued 
 as such till the death of his brother in 1891, when he 
 succeeded to the presidency. The bank has deposits 
 exceeding §5,000,- 
 000. He is presi- 
 dent of the Monu- 
 ment National Bank, 
 with which he has 
 been connected 
 twenty years. He is 
 president, and was 
 one of the incorpo- 
 rators in 1 86 1, of the 
 Mutiial Protection 
 Fire Insurance Com- 
 pany, and for more 
 than twenty years he 
 was clerk and treas- 
 urer of the Mystic 
 River Company, a 
 large landed corpo- 
 ration. Shortly after 
 Everett became in- 
 corporated as a town 
 Mr. Stone mo\ ed 
 there, where he con- 
 tinues to reside. A 
 few 'years ago, when 
 the town was agitat- 
 ing the important 
 question of a system 
 of sewerage, Mr. 
 Stone was appointed 
 on the committee 
 
 and made its chairman, to investigate the matter. The 
 committee's report was prepared by him, submitted to 
 the town, adopted, and of the commission appointed 
 to carry out the committee's recommendations, he was 
 made chairman. Mr. Stone was elected on the first 
 road commission in 1889, the first and only elective 
 office he ever held in the town. He was married in 
 1866 to Miss Sarah E. Mills. He became a Freemason 
 in early life, and now is treasurer of two Masonic lodges. 
 
 AMOS STONE. 
 
 Mr. Stone was born in Weare, N. H., Aug. 16, 1816, and 
 is a lineal descendant of Rev. Samuel Stone, who came 
 to this country from England in 1633. When eight 
 years of age he removed with his parents to Charles- 
 town, Mass., and there attended the public schools till 
 the age of fifteen, when he entered his father's grocery 
 store. On attaining his majority he engaged in the real 
 estate business, in which he is still interested. In 1847, 
 when Charlestown became a city, Mr. Stone was elected 
 
 its first treasurer and 
 collector, holding the 
 positions eight vears. 
 In 1855 he was 
 elected treasurer of 
 Middlesex County, 
 and for the long 
 period of thirty 
 years continued in 
 that capacity, doing 
 the enormous work 
 of the office without 
 any assistance. 
 When his thirty 
 years of service were 
 completed he d e - 
 clined a re-election, 
 and the convention 
 which nominated his 
 successor adopted 
 resolutions com- 
 mending his faithful- 
 ness, courtesy and 
 financial ability. 
 When the Civil War 
 broke out Mr. Stone 
 
 became one of -the 
 
 stanchest supporters 
 of the government, 
 and his time and 
 means were used in 
 his country's behalf. Being debarred from active mili- 
 tary duty on account of age, he sent two recruits to the 
 front, and was one of twenty-one citizens who bore the 
 expenses of sending to the seat of war the first three 
 companies from Charlestown. All his life he has been 
 a hard worker, for years putting in sixteen hours a day 
 in his office duties. His capacity for work is still ap- 
 parently undiminished, and at the age of nearly four- 
 score he is vigorous as ever. 
 
530 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 GEORGE EDWIN SMITH is one of the most 
 prominent men in the new city of Everett, where 
 he has resided for the last fifteen years. He was born 
 in New Hampton, Belknap County, N. H., on April 5, 
 1849, being the son of David H. and Esther (Perkins) 
 Smith. His early education was gained in the common 
 schools of his native town, and he was fitted for college 
 in Nichol's Latin School, at Lewiston, Me., and in the 
 New Hampton Literary Institute. He then entered 
 Bates College at 
 Lewiston, Me., from 
 whicli he was gradu- 
 ated with high 
 honors in the class 
 of 1873. His tastes 
 were for the legal 
 ]5rofession, and h e 
 at once commenced 
 the study of law in 
 the office of Hon. 
 William P. Frye, 
 now a Ignited 
 States Senator from 
 Maine, of the legal 
 firm of Frye, Cotton 
 & White, in Lewis- 
 ton, Me. Mr. Smith 
 was admitted to the 
 Suffolk County bar 
 in Boston, in May, 
 1875, and was asso- 
 ciated in business 
 with the late Horace 
 R. Cheney, I^sq. In 
 December of 1876 
 Mr. Cheney died, 
 and Mr. Smith as- 
 sumed the business 
 of the firm and still 
 carries it on, stand- 
 ing very high in his profession. Early in his legal 
 career he developed a marked aptitude for the calling, 
 and has made himself thorough master of its details. 
 Mr. Smith has taken only a small part in politics, though 
 in 1883, by his constituents of the Eighth Middlesex 
 District, which comprised Maiden and Everett, he was 
 sent to the lower branch of the Legislature. He was 
 re-elected in 1884 by an increased majority. In 1892 
 he was a candidate for mayor of Everett, the town hav- 
 
 GEORGE E. SMITH 
 
 ing become a city in that year. Since taking up his 
 residence in Everett, Mr. Smith has taken a deep inter- 
 est in its welfare, and being well informed in municipal 
 and State affairs, has done much to promote the good 
 of the town and city, and of its citizens. For ten years 
 he served on the Board of Trustees of the Public Library 
 and was chairman of the committee appointed by the 
 town last January to procure a city charter. He has 
 also served on the School Board. He was jirominent 
 
 in the committee of 
 the town to secure a 
 system of sewerage, 
 and aside from his 
 private business he 
 has always been 
 ready to assist in 
 every public under- 
 t a king. In 1879 
 Mr. Smith was 
 elected, by the alum- 
 ni, a member of the 
 Board of Overseers 
 of Bates College, and 
 in I 8 8 4 h e was 
 chosen, by the cor- 
 poration, a member 
 of the Pioard of 
 President and Fel- 
 lows of the same 
 institution. He is a 
 member of Palestine 
 Lodge of Masons, 
 of Everett, and is 
 president of the 
 Glendon Chib, the 
 leading social organ- 
 ization of that city. 
 Mr. Smith was mar- 
 ried at West Buxton, 
 Me., on Oct. 31, 
 1876, to Sarah F., daughter of Hon. Charles E. and 
 Eliza (Allen) Weld. They have one child, Theo- 
 dosia Weld Smith. In all the various capacities in 
 which Mr. Smith has served the town of Everett, his 
 work has been most valuable and fruitful on account of 
 the conscientious care and attention to detail which he 
 gives to every undertaking. In the social, as well as 
 the business life of the young city, he is one of the 
 most prominent figures. 
 
EVERETT. 
 
 S3I 
 
 JOHN C. SPOFFORD is best known throughout the 
 country as a member of the firm of architects that 
 planned the additions to the capitol buildings of Maine 
 and Massachusetts. Mr. Spofford was born in Webster, 
 .Androscoggin County, Me., Nov. 25, 1854. He was 
 educated in the public and private schools of his native 
 town and at Monmouth (Me.) .Academy, the Maine 
 Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's Hill, and at the Lewiston 
 Busine.ss College, of which he was for some time prin- 
 cipal. Naturally of 
 a mechanical turn of 
 mind, he spent con- 
 siderable time at the 
 carpenter's and ma- 
 son's trades, and the 
 knowledge and e x - 
 perience there gained 
 have been of great 
 service to him in his 
 profession. In 1879 
 he entered the office 
 of Henry J. Preston, 
 architect, of Boston, 
 spending some fifteen 
 months in the study 
 of the rudiments of 
 architecture. In Feb 
 ruary, 1881, he en- 
 tered the office of 
 .Sturgis & Brigham, 
 one of Boston's lead- 
 ing architectural 
 firms. ^Vhile in the 
 employ of this firm 
 xMr. Spofford had 
 charge of t he co n- 
 struction of several 
 important public 
 buildings and private 
 residences, among 
 
 which were the Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance 
 Company's building, 50 State Street, Boston, and the resi- 
 dence of H. H. Rogers in New York, one of the Standard 
 Oil kings. In 1886 the firm of Sturgis & Brigham was 
 dissolved, and in the following year Mr. Spofford formed 
 a partnership with Willard M. Bacon, the firm taking 
 the name of Spofford & Bacon. A year later Mr. Spof- 
 ford united with Charles Brigham, who had been the 
 junior member of the firm of Sturgis & Brigham. 
 
 JOHN C. SPOFFORD 
 
 Messrs. Brigham & Spofford became widely and fa\or- 
 ably known through the high class of buildings of which 
 they were the architects. Some examples of their 
 architecture are the additions to the Maine and Massa- 
 chusetts capitol buildings, the City Hall at Lewiston, and 
 the Memorial Hall at Belfast, Me. ; the Massachusetts 
 Hospital for Inebriates and Dipsomaniacs at Foxboro' ; 
 the Roxbury Presbyterian Church ; the Town Hall and 
 the Public Library building at Fair Haven, Mass. The 
 
 firm of Brigham & 
 Spofford dissolved in 
 February, 1892, Mr. 
 Spofford selling out 
 to his partner, and 
 starting anew in the 
 John Hancock Build- 
 ing on Devonshire 
 Street, Boston, where 
 he is rapidly acquir- 
 ing a large amount 
 ofbusiness. Mr. 
 Spofford is a direct 
 descendant of John 
 Spofford who settled 
 in Rowley, now 
 Georgetown, in 1638. 
 Hs is also a direct 
 descendant of John 
 Wentworth, who held 
 the lieutenant-gov- 
 ernorship of New 
 Hampshire from 
 17 I 7 to 1730 by ap- 
 pointment of Queen 
 Anne. Captain John 
 Wentworth, the great- 
 grandfather of Mr. 
 Spofford's grand- 
 father fought on the 
 Plains of Abraham at 
 the battle of Quebec, and was one of the soldiers who 
 carried Wolfe to the rock beside which he died. In 
 July, 1 88 1, Mr. Spofford married Miss Ella M. Fuller, 
 of Turner, Me., and to them has been born one child, 
 Mabel Fuller Spofford. Mr. Spofford is a prominent 
 figure in the social and political circles of the town, and 
 is a member of numerous social, political and secret 
 societies and clubs. He has never aspired to political 
 office. 
 
532 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 DUDLEY PERKINS BAILEY is a lawyer, and a 
 member of the first City Council of the new 
 city of Everett. He is a son of Rev. Dudley P. and 
 Hannah B. "Bailey, and was born in Cornville, Me., C)ct. 
 24, 1843. His father was a descendant of John Alden 
 and Priscilla, and his mother of Robert Cushman, 
 another of the Pilgrim Fathers. He was educated at 
 Monson Academy and Colby University. While at 
 college he took great interest in the study of political 
 economy, of which 
 he has ever since 
 been an industrious 
 student, so far as the 
 demands of an exact- 
 ing profession would 
 allow. In 1868 he 
 received the prize 
 offered by the Ameri- 
 can Free Trade 
 League to under- 
 graduates in Ameri- 
 can colleges for the 
 best essay on free 
 trade. He left col- 
 lege at the end of 
 the junior year, but 
 in 1877 received his 
 degree in course as 
 member of the class 
 of 1867. After study- 
 ing law with Hon. 
 William L. Putnam, 
 now one of the judges 
 of the United States 
 Circuit Court, he 
 was admitted to 
 the bar at Portland, 
 Me., in 1870. Two 
 years later he located 
 in Everett, and has 
 
 since that time been closely identified with its varied 
 material, educational and religious interests. For four- 
 teen years he was a member of the School Committee, 
 was chairman five years, and was always an acti\e and 
 progressive member. He was one of the i)ioneers in 
 the establishment of the Everett Public Library, has 
 always been a trustee and is now its chairman. In 
 1886-87 he was a member of the Massachusetts House 
 of Representatives, and was instrumental in securing the 
 
 DUDLEY P. BAILEY 
 
 revision and codification of the laws for the collection 
 of taxes. For many years he has been a contributor to 
 magazines, among his articles being " An Historical 
 Sketch of Banking in Massachusetts," "Austrian Paper 
 Money in the Panic of 1873," "The Commerce and 
 Currency of Cuba," " The Credit Institutions of Italy." 
 Some of these articles have been reprinted in pamphlet 
 form and have attracted attention in financial circles in 
 this country and Europe on account of the extent and 
 
 completeness of their 
 statistical informa- 
 tion. For the past 
 six years he has gen- 
 erally been elected 
 moderator of the 
 town meetings, and 
 was one of the com- 
 mittee to frame a 
 city charter and pro- 
 cure its passage. He 
 is a m ember of 
 Palestine Lodge of 
 Freemasons and of 
 the Royal Arch Chaji- 
 ter of the Tabernacle. 
 H e was the first 
 president of the 
 Pine Tree Club of 
 Everett, a life mem- 
 ber of the Massachu- 
 setts Baptist Conven- 
 tion, and has for 
 three years past been 
 a member of the Fi- 
 nance Commitee and 
 the attorney of that 
 corporation. He is 
 a trustee of the Ev- 
 erett Savings Bank. 
 He has been treas- 
 urer of the First Baptist Church in Everett since 1878, 
 and was one of the pioneers in establishing the ( Hen- 
 dale Baptist Church of Everett. With all these activi- 
 ties and with an office in both Everett and Boston, Mr. 
 Bailey is a very busy man, and the light in his office is 
 usually the last to be put out in Everett Square. Mr. 
 Bailey has invested quite largely in Everett real estate 
 and is a heavy taxpayer. He is still an eager student 
 and has probably the largest private library in town. 
 
EVERETT. 
 
 533 
 
 JOHN D. HENDERSON is a member of the firm 
 of Henderson Brothers, builders, who have in the 
 past ten years built more than seven hundred houses in 
 Everett. In the rapid development of property in the 
 town, Mr. Henderson has taken a prominent and impor- 
 tant part. Mr. Henderson is now ( 1892) on the Board of 
 Selectmen, was elected its chairman, but having last 
 year served in that position he declined in favor of 
 another. Mr. Henderson was born in the little town of 
 Gatehouse, in the 
 southern part of 
 Scotland, on Oct. 27, 
 1849. He received 
 his tuition in a pri- 
 vate school, and 
 when about fourteen 
 years of age was 
 apprenticed to learn 
 the trade of a car- 
 penter. After serv- 
 ing an apprenticeship 
 of five years he left 
 Scotlan<l and came 
 to Boston. His 
 abilities as a me- 
 chanic were soon 
 recognized, and in 
 less than a year he 
 was employed as 
 foreman by Henry F. 
 Durant, who built the 
 famous women's col- 
 lege buildings at 
 W e 1 1 e s 1 e y, Mass. 
 While Mr. Hender- 
 son continued with 
 Mr. Durant he super- 
 intended this con- 
 tract as well as 
 several other large 
 
 buildings. In 1872 Mr. Henderson formed a partner- 
 ship with an older brother, James M. Henderson, as 
 builders. The two young men removed to Everett and 
 began in the line of business thev have since followed. 
 They bought a tract of land and began the erection of 
 moderate cost houses to be sold on easy terms. They 
 were among the pioneers in this line of the business. 
 Meanwhile the brothers read diligently the American and 
 foreign architectural, building and other allied trade 
 
 JOHN D. HENDERSON 
 
 papers, and seized upon any new ideas which were pre- 
 sented. Their first houses were finished in a manner 
 twenty years ahead of the average modest dwelling of 
 the time, with such conveniences as mark the modern 
 house of to-day. During the past eight years the firm 
 have built an average exceeding fifty houses a year. 
 The firm has its own saw-mills, planing mills, paint 
 shops and lumber yards, complete with facilities for pre- 
 paring all the material used in constructing their houses. 
 
 With their own em- 
 ployees the firm 
 does every part of 
 the labor required in 
 the erection of a 
 house, from the 
 breaking of the 
 ground for the cellar 
 to the time the house 
 is readv for the 
 occupant. They 
 employ from fifty to 
 eighty men the year 
 through, and have a 
 weekly pay-roll of 
 one thousand dollars. 
 They pay taxes on 
 two hundred a n d 
 fifty thousand dollars' 
 worth of real estate. 
 In 1891, at the 
 annual town meeting, 
 Mr. Henderson was 
 elected selectman by 
 the largest vote ever 
 given a candidate 
 for that office i"ii the 
 town, and was made 
 chairman of the 
 board. Last spring 
 he received a r e- 
 election. He was on the committee which was success- 
 ful in securing a city charter for the town, and in 1892 
 was elected a member of the first Board of Aldermen 
 of Everett. Mr. Henderson is a member of Palestine 
 Lodge of Masons, past grand of Everett Lodge of Odd 
 Fellows, and a member of Assawomsett Tribe of Red 
 Men. Mr. Henderson was married in 1879 to Miss 
 Emily Thring, of Boston, and to them has been born 
 one child. 
 
534 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 NATHANIEL J. MEAD was for more than thirty 
 years a member of a firm of builders and con- 
 tractors which became one of the largest in New ting- 
 land, the firm of Mead, Mason & Co. To-day every 
 State in New England bears evidences of the high class 
 of work done by this firm. Churches, town halls and 
 other public buildings are scattered all over the eastern 
 part of the country as memorials of their success. 
 In 1854 Mr. Mead started in business with two brothers 
 in Concord, N. H., 
 the firm name being 
 Mead Brothers. 
 They made a small 
 beginning, doing 
 general jobbing and 
 contracting. T w o 
 years later Mr. Wil- 
 liam G. Mason was 
 admitted to partner- 
 ship. In 1862 the 
 the company p u r- 
 chased a large tract 
 of timber land and a 
 saw-mill in Warren, 
 N. H., and a wood- 
 working steam mill 
 in Concord, N. H., 
 thereby greatly en- 
 larging their business 
 
 acilities. Subse- 
 quently the firm 
 name was changed 
 to Mead, Mason & 
 Co. From the start 
 the firm prospered, 
 and in a few years 
 had established a 
 successful and grow- 
 i n g business. I n 
 
 1875 the extensive 
 
 mills of the Sturtevant Manufacturing Company in Leba- 
 non, N. H., were purchased by the firm. The mills were 
 among the best equipped in the country for the manu- 
 facture of furniture, doors, sashes, blinds and house 
 trimmings. At this time the firm employed five hun- 
 dred men, and had ofifices in Lebanon, Concord and 
 Manchester, in New Hampshire, and in Boston and 
 New York. Among their many contracts was the re- 
 building of the New Hampshire State capitol. In 1885, 
 
 NATHANIEL J. MEAD 
 
 on account of ill health, Mr. Mead retired from the 
 building firm, but continued his interest in the manu- 
 facturing department. Mr. Mead was born in New 
 Hampton, N. H., Jan. 4, 1833, and was educated at the 
 public schools and at the New Hampton Institution. 
 In 1856 he married Miss Cynthia A., daughter of Hon. 
 David B. Plumer, of Meredith, N. H. They have 
 two children, a son. Dr. George N. P. Mead, one 
 of the most successful physicians in Everett, and a 
 
 daughter, the wife of 
 Mr. F. S. Snyder, of 
 Everett. After leav- 
 ing school, M r. 
 Mead moved to 
 Concord, where he 
 lived nineteen years, 
 serving two terms in 
 the city government. 
 In 1 87 1 he made his 
 home in Everett, 
 locating there as he 
 had the management 
 of the rapidly in- 
 creasing business of 
 Boston and \icinity. 
 He served the town 
 as selectman in 1880 
 and was chairman of 
 the board. 'Lhe fol- 
 lowing year he de- 
 clined a re-election. 
 Before and since 
 that time h e has 
 ser\ed on many im- 
 portant town com- 
 mittees, especially 
 on building matters, 
 where his a d v i c e 
 was m u c h sought. 
 He is in timat e ly 
 identified with the social, political and religious interests 
 of the town, and is now a trustee of the Everett Sav- 
 ings Bank. During his whole life he has been a con- 
 sistent Christian, and for nearly twenty years has 
 been a deacon in the First Baptist Church in Everett. 
 He is one of the recognized leaders in all movements 
 that have for their object the moral and intellectual 
 welfare of the town, and his name is a synon\™ for 
 perfect integrity. 
 
JiE VERB. 
 
 535 
 
 JONATHAN STONE, of Revere, is the best repre- 
 sentative citizen of that town, and takes a deep 
 interest in its affairs, believing the proper management 
 of the town's business, and the election of proper town 
 officers to be of more importance to the people residing 
 in the town than the election of a president or a gov- 
 ernor. In the past sixteen years in which he has lived 
 in Revere, which is one of the many charming suburbs 
 of Boston, he has attended every town meeting, with 
 but one exception, 
 on that single occa- 
 sion having been 
 detained at home on 
 account of sickness, 
 — a devotion to pub- 
 lic duty such as is 
 seldom seen. His 
 whole aim is to pro- 
 mote the best inter- 
 ests of Revere. He 
 has served one year 
 on the Board of Se- 
 lectmen, three years 
 on the Board of 
 Health, and also on 
 very many important 
 town committees. 
 .At present he is a 
 member of the Com- 
 mittee on Sewers, 
 which, in the year 
 1892, laid about 
 twelve miles of sew- 
 ers in the town. 
 Since Mr. Stone has 
 lived in Revere he 
 has seen the town 
 grow in population 
 from sixteen hundred 
 to six thousand, and 
 
 with a summer population exceeding ten thousand. 
 The town embraces within its limits a beach as fine as 
 there is in the Bay State, and on a fair Sunday in sum- 
 mer attracts to its shores nearly fifty thousand people. 
 Mr. Stone was born in Weare, N. H., April 29, 1823, 
 being the seventh and youngest of a family remarkable 
 for longevity. His father died at the age of seventy- 
 six ; his mother was over eighty-four when she died ; 
 the eldest son died at the age of eighty-one ; the only 
 
 JONATHAN STONE 
 
 daughter died at the age of sixty-four ; and three of the 
 children are now living, over seventy years old. When 
 but one year old Mr. Stone's parents moved to Charles- 
 town, Mass. His father engaged in the grocery and pro- 
 vision business, and continued there for many years, be- 
 coming widely and honorably known. He died in 1852. 
 Jonathan Stone attended the Charlestown public schools, 
 and on graduating from them, in 1838, went to work in 
 his father's store. The virtues of economy, diligence, 
 
 faithfulness and 
 punctuality were im- 
 pressed on him by 
 his father. All his 
 savings were invested 
 in real estate. He 
 built manv stores 
 and houses in 
 Charlestown, and is 
 to-day the owner of 
 m u c h property in 
 that district. He 
 retired from active 
 business in 1872, and 
 has since employed 
 his time in the care 
 of his real estate. 
 In 1872 Mr. Stone 
 was a member of the 
 Common Council of 
 Charlestown, and in 
 the fall of the same 
 year was elected 
 mayor, being the last 
 man to hold that of- 
 fice, as on Jan. i, 
 1874, the cjty was 
 annexed to Boston. 
 Mr. Stone moved to 
 Re\ere in 1876, and 
 built a fine residence 
 on High Street, which he still occupies. He has been 
 twice married. His first wife was Miss Sarah Rebecca 
 Andrews, and by her he had two children. He after- 
 wards married Miss Mary L. Andrews, a sister of his 
 first wife, and to them one child has been born. Dur- 
 ing a long life of consistent usefulness and steadfast 
 integrity Mr. Stone has seen the material prosperity of 
 the State, as well as its art and educational life, steadily 
 progress, and he has assisted in its development. 
 
MEDFORD is the thirtieth and youngest of Massachusetts cities, and only in the present year has it become 
 an incorporated municipality, but it is one of the oldest towns in the State, and is rich in romantic Revolu- 
 tionary history. Medford was settled in 1630. It is situated five miles from Boston on the Lowell division of the 
 Boston & Maine Railroad. The city is chiefly residential, and contains many beautiful and extensive estates. 
 During the first half of the present century Medford was famous for its shipbuilding. The town was well situated 
 for the business, and this advantage was early recognized. Here, on July 4, 1631, Governor Winthrop launched his 
 bark, " The Blessing of the Bay," a vessel of thirty tons. For a century and a half the business grew in impor- 
 tance ; but not until 1800, however, did the industry receive the impetus which brought fame to the little town. 
 
 From 1803 to 1854 there were built at Medford five hundred thirteen vessels, with a total tonnage of two 
 hundred thirty-two thousand two hundred six tons, and a valuation of nearly ten and one-half million dollars. The 
 business has now entirely disappeared. Numerous bridges now cross Mystic River between Medford and the 
 mouth, making a formidable barrier to this kind of business. The famous Middlesex Canal, which connected the 
 Merrimack River with Boston Harbor during the early part of this century, passed directly through Medford, and 
 many of the townspeople were influential in the canal's construction. Another industry that has made Medford 
 famous is that of distilling. Medford rum, known the world over, is still manufactured here and exported in large 
 quantities. 
 
 Some of the other manufactured products are brick, carriages, carpets, buttons, crackers, gold leaf, furni- 
 ture, rubber goods, boots and shoes and knit goods. Medford has a fine school system, and uses a large high 
 school building and more than a dozen grammar and primary school buildings. The Congregational, Baptist, 
 Episcopalian, Methodist, Unitarian, Universalist and Catholic denominations are represented, and have commo- 
 dious edifices. Tufts College, the leading Universalist educational institution in the State, is situated on College 
 Hill, near the Somerville line. The buildings are spacious and convenient. In the college museum is the skeleton 
 of the big elephant. Jumbo, which was presented to the college by the late Phineas T. Barnum. The movement 
 for founding the college was begun in 1847. Charles Tufts, of Somerville, gave one hundred acres of land for 
 a college site, and in his honor the college is named. The town has a public library building, the gift of Thatcher 
 Magoun, with over twelve thousand volumes on its shelves. .■Xmong the distinguished citizens of iMedford have 
 been John Brooks, who was governor of Massachusetts from 1816 to 1823; and Matthew Craddock, the first 
 governor of the Massachusetts Company, in 1841, made Medford his home when in this country, and built the 
 famous house which to this day bears his name. It was through this town that Paul Revere passed on his 
 memorable ride to arouse the farmer minute-men to action on the i8th of .^pril, 1775. Medford has borne its 
 full share in furnishing soldiers for the country's defence. There was a company of militia before the Revolution, 
 and of it the adjutant-general said : "This company came out on the 19th of April, 1775, and were in service five 
 days, and were undoubtedly in the battles of Lexington and Concord." In the War of 181 2 eighteen Medford 
 men enlisted, three of whom were killed in battle. There were seven hundred and seventy soldiers enlisted from 
 the town for service in the Civil War, and to their honored memory has been erected a suitable monument. 
 
 In 1890 the population of Medford was 11,079, and during the past two years it has increased to nearly 
 13,000. The valuation of real and personal estate in 1892 was Si 1,250,000. The new city council is composed 
 of a mayor, a Board of Aldermen of six members and a Common Council of eighteen members. Medford is the 
 only city in the State that elects its mayor biennially. Aldermen are also elected for terms of two years, the 
 terms of one half the members expiring annually. The councilmen are elected for terms of one year. 
 
MEDFORD. 
 
 537 
 
 SAMUEL CROCKER LAWRENCE, the first mayor 
 of the city of Medford, was born in Medford 
 Nov. 22, 1832, the son of Daniel and Elizabeth 
 (Crocker) Lawrence. Obtaining his early education in 
 the public schools of his native town and in Lawrence 
 Academy, Groton, he was graduated from Harvard with 
 honors in the celebrated class of 1855. For two years 
 after graduation he was partner in the banking firm of 
 Bigelow & Lawrence, of Chicago, and then at the 
 request of his father 
 he returned to Med- 
 ford to engage in 
 business with him as 
 one of the firm of 
 Daniel Lawrence & 
 Sons, distillers, of 
 which he has for 
 many years been the 
 sole proprietor. He 
 was commissioned 
 lieutenant in the 
 Massachusetts Vol- 
 unteer Militia i n 
 
 1855, captain i n 
 
 1856, major in 
 1859, and in i86o 
 colonel of the Fifth 
 Regiment of Massa- 
 chusetts Militia, 
 which was one of the 
 first regiments in the 
 country to volunteer 
 for service when the 
 war broke out. He 
 tendered his regi- 
 ment to Governor 
 Andrew on the 15 th 
 of April, 1 86 1, and 
 on the igth was or- 
 dered to report for 
 
 duty. His regiment fought with credit in the first battle 
 of Bull Run, where Colonel Lawrence was severely 
 wounded. In June, 1862, he was commissioned briga- 
 dier-general in the Massachusetts Militia, which rank he 
 resigned in August, 1864. A term of service as com- 
 mander of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Com- 
 pany, in 1869, closed his meritorious career as a soldier. 
 On the financial shipwreck of the Eastern Railroad, in 
 187s, General Lawrence was chosen president of the 
 
 bAMUEL C. LAWRENCE 
 
 company, and was eminently successful in keeping the 
 property intact, and harmonizing the creditors and 
 shareholders into arrangements which saved their inter- 
 ests from the devastation of a struggle in bankruptcy 
 and the valuable leaseholds of the company from dis- 
 ruption. It is one of the few instances in which a rail- 
 road corporation in a condition of temporary insolvency 
 has been saved from the hands of the spoiler. General 
 Lawrence has been a zealous worker for the interests of 
 
 the Masonic frater- 
 nity, and has been 
 repeatedly honored 
 by election to its 
 highest offices. A 
 characteristic feature 
 of his Masonic labor 
 has been the estab- 
 lishment of perma- 
 nent charitable funds 
 in every body with 
 which he has been 
 associated in the 
 working offices. He 
 was three times 
 elected Grand Master 
 of Masons in Massa- 
 chusetts, and it was 
 largely through his 
 efforts that the heavy 
 debt on the Masonic 
 Temple in Boston 
 was finally paid in 
 full. His Masonic 
 library is one of the 
 most complete in the 
 country. General 
 Lawrence has a 
 strong hold upon the 
 esteem and gratitude 
 of his fellow-towns- 
 men of Medford, for no man has done more to preserve 
 its integrity, promote its prosperity and, by his own 
 generous example, ijuicken its charities. In memory of 
 the patriotic service he rendered his country, the ( Irand 
 Army Post of Medford is called by his name. On the 
 incorporation of Medford as a city, in 1892, he was, by 
 the spontaneous movement of his fellow-citizens, called 
 to the chief executive office as the first mayor of the 
 new municipality. 
 
538 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WHEN the Commonwealth of Massachusetts suc- 
 ceeded in getting out of the railroad business, 
 not many years ago, and in disposing of the stock it had 
 held in various companies, it was considered by all as a 
 most fortunate thing, and no one was more deservedly 
 complimented upon the result than Daniel A. Gleason, 
 who was at that time State treasurer. Mr. Gleason was 
 born in Worcester, Mass., May 9, 1836, the son of John 
 F. and Maria (Tourtelotte) Gleason. His ancestors 
 were among the first 
 settlers of the town 
 in 1715, the first of 
 the Gleason family 
 coming to Massachu- 
 setts from England 
 in 1652. On his 
 mother's side Mr. 
 Gleason is of Hugue- 
 not descent. After 
 attending the public 
 schools of his native 
 city, and fitting for 
 college in the Wor- 
 cester High School, 
 he entered Yale in 
 
 1852, went from 
 there to Harvard in 
 
 1853, and graduated 
 from the latter insti- 
 tution in the class of 
 1856. Among his 
 classmates were 
 Charles Francis 
 Adams, Governor 
 George D. Robinson 
 and Judge Smith, 
 formerly of the New 
 Hampshire Supreme 
 Court, but now pro- 
 fessor in the Harvard 
 
 Law School. After graduation Mr. Gleason taught 
 school in Western Pennsylvania and read law. After 
 being admitted to the bar he returned to Massachu- 
 setts, studied at the Harvard Law School, and received 
 his degree of LL. B. in i860. A year in the law office 
 of Chandler & Shattuck followed, after which, in 1861, 
 he was admitted to the Suffolk bar, and began practice 
 in an office with ex-Attorney-General Ste])hen H. Phil- 
 lips. Mr. Gleason edited several law books and for a 
 
 DANIEL A GLEASON 
 
 time was editor of the "Law Reporter." In 1862 he 
 became assistant to Attorney-General Foster, remaining 
 with him until the fall of 1863. In 1864 he took charge 
 of the tax commissioner's office, and was deputy tax 
 commissioner and commissioner of corporations until 
 1S81. From January of that year until January, 1886, 
 or just as long as the constitution would permit, Mr. 
 Gleason held the office of State treasurer. His adminis- 
 tration of the State's finances was successful in the 
 
 highest degree. It 
 was during his long 
 term of office that 
 the State changed 
 its Boston & Albany 
 Railroad stock for 
 bonds, sold out its 
 New York & New 
 England stock, and 
 the act was passed 
 providing for the 
 consolidation of the 
 State's interest in 
 the Troy & Green- 
 field and the Hoosac 
 Tunnel and connec- 
 ting lines. Mr. Glea- 
 son also drew up the 
 general corporation 
 act, which is now on 
 t h e statute books. 
 Upon the expiration 
 of his term of office 
 as State treasurer, he 
 resumed the practice 
 of law for a time, 
 and in March, 1887, 
 was elected treasurer 
 of the F i t c h b u r g 
 Railroad Company, 
 an office which he 
 still holds. Mr. Gleason has lived in Medford since 
 1863, and has always been interested in town affairs. 
 He served on the School Committee from T864 until 
 1885; was one of the commissioners that built the 
 water works in 1869, and is still on the board, and has 
 been a trustee of the savings bank since it was estab- 
 lished in 1869. He was married in 1863 to Miss Annie L. 
 Hall, of Roxbury. They have five children, the two 
 eldest sons being in business and the third in college. 
 
THE planting of Lynn in 1629, its interesting colonial life, the establishment there of the first successful iron 
 works in America in 1643, the development of the town into the greatest producer of women's shoes in the 
 world, its becoming a city in 1850, are matters each of which could furnish material for a most picturesque illus- 
 trated article. 
 
 The Lynn of to-day representing this represents so much more of recent development that the figures 
 which bear witness to the remarkable yet wholesome growth of this city in the last decade are worthy of profound 
 attention. These figures, moreover, are eloquent and reliable. They are taken from a " Special Bulletin " of 
 Robert P. Porter, superintendent of census, dated Oct. 12, 1892, giving statistics of manufactures, 1890, for the 
 city of Lynn, from city reports and from the annual report of the Board of Trade for 1892. 
 
 But before devoting the mind to a study of these figures, Lynn Beach and the Lynn Woods claim their due 
 tribute of historic mention. A brilliant writer says of them : " It is doubtful if any other tract of forest on this side 
 the ocean is so rich in associations of this kind — full of the romance of the primitive days of witchcraft and piracy 
 and of the modern delusion of spirit revelation, together with its interest as the haunt of various peculiar characters, 
 while the early settlers have left their traces on every hand, both visibly and in the quaint nomenclature of the 
 region. One must cross to old Kngland, to the haunts of Robin Hood, to F2pping Forest, to the New Forest, 
 and other woodland places of the mother country, for the like of Lynn Woods in these respects." 
 
 Lynn has now, in the oijinion of those best qualified to judge, a population of over sixty thousand and the 
 increase is going on at such a phenomenal rate that the day of one hundred thousand cannot be far away. Well 
 known as Lynn was pre\ious to 18S3, especially for its shoe and leather industry, the advent of the electric busi- 
 ness in that year gave it a fresh impetus, brought new life, new blood and new brains, into the community, and 
 made the city famous all over the world. The great fire, late in 1889, although looked upon at first and for a long 
 time as a terrible calamity, was really the turning point in the modern history of the city. It brought its people 
 more closely together, and, as it were, burned out personal selfishness, and out of the ashes and ruins has risen a 
 fairer and more progressive Lynn. Aside from its three great interests of shoes, leather and electricity, it numbers 
 to-day scores of others that place it in the very forefront of manufacturing and commercial centres. 
 
 The report of the inspector of buildings shows that over one thousand permits for new buildings have been 
 issued in the city within the year ending Dec. 31, 1892, or more than three for every working day in the year, 
 including holidays. This, however, is but one indication of Lynn's wonderful growth. Others can be seen or 
 found on every hand. As a city it has increased in population from 38,274 in 1880 to 55,727 in 1890, or 45.60 
 per cent. In assessed valuation it has increased from $22,487,864 in 1880, to $40,721,028 in 1890, or 74.14 per 
 cent. And, as some would claim that the increase in a community's debt is the best indication of its growtu, one 
 has only to consider that the " net debt " of Lynn in 1880 was §2,072,815, and in 1890 it was $2,278,959, or an 
 increase of 9.95 per cent. It is probable it would have been very much larger but for the law regulating the bor- 
 rowing limit of municipalities. The increase in population, assessed \aluation, etc., has been proportionately greater 
 since the census of 1890. 
 
 In 1880 there were 343 establishments of different kinds, with an aggregate capital of $5,894,575, employing 
 12,420 hands, paying $5,833,849 in wages and producing goods valued at $26,828,023. In 1890 there were 1,343 
 establishments, with an aggregate capital of $12,930,755, employing 19,792 hands, paying $11,328,797 in wages and 
 producing goods valued at $38,310,585. The average annual wages per hand increased from $470 in 1880 to $609 
 in 1890, or 29.57 per cent. 
 
 The Thomson-Houston Electric Company was brought to Lynn late in 1883, and had at that time a capital 
 of $125,000, and employed less than one hundred hands. It represents to-day in its plant and business something 
 more than $3,000,000, with a prospect of a very large increase within the next twelve months upon the completion 
 of what are known as the " New River Works." 
 
540 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ELIHU BURRITT HAYES, the present mayor of 
 Lynn, was born in West Lebanon, Me., April 26, 
 1848. He was educated in the common schools of his 
 native town and at West Lebanon Academy. At six- 
 teen he taught school for a term in Farmington, N. H. 
 The following year he came to Lynn and began working 
 in a shoe factory. With his savings he purchased a 
 periodical and stationery business, which he continued 
 successfully for ten years. His health failing, he sold 
 his store and stock, 
 reserving the whole- 
 sale agency of daily 
 and weekly newspa- 
 pers, which he still 
 ret ai n s. He was 
 soon after engaged 
 as an editorial writer 
 upon the Lynn Daily 
 Bee and Reporter, 
 and later became a 
 part owner in these 
 newspapers. He 
 disposed of these in- 
 terests to take the 
 management of the 
 Boston Daily Aih-er- 
 tiser and Boston 
 Record. He con- 
 ducted them success- 
 fully for the year 
 1884, when a serious 
 illness obliged him 
 to resign. Since 
 then Mr. Hayes has 
 been interested in 
 real estate matters, 
 and in the manage- 
 ment of his news- 
 paper agency. His 
 public career began 
 
 in 1883, as a member of the Lynn Board of Aldermen. 
 He represented Ward Four and Nahant in the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislatures of 1887, 1888 and 1889. He was 
 the author of the Australian ballot law, so called, which 
 was adopted in Massachusetts in 1888, and has since 
 been adopted in different forms in thirty-five States. 
 This was accomplished in his first term. The next year 
 he introduced an amendment to the Massachusetts con- 
 stitution so as to prevent the disfranchisement of voters 
 
 ELIHU B. HAYES 
 
 because of change of residence from one town or city 
 to another within the State limits. This amendment 
 passed through two Legislatures and was adopted by a 
 very large majority in 1890. The same year he intro- 
 duced a bill to provide a fire-escape, consisting of a 
 knotted rope attached to the window casings in hotels 
 and boarding-houses. This has been the means of 
 saving many lives. In 1889 he introduced and carried 
 through a bill providing that the State shall gi\e one 
 
 hundred dollars' 
 worth of books to 
 each town in the 
 State unprovided 
 with a public library. 
 This bill has resulted 
 in the establishment 
 of public libraries in 
 "Niln&saji^^ the small towns, until 
 
 ^^^^^B Massachusetts has 
 
 ^H^v to-day more public 
 
 Mjjbr fl^B libraries than all 
 
 "^"■^ Wmf other States of the 
 
 ,^ Union. This law has 
 
 been adopted and is 
 in successful opera- 
 tion in three other 
 States, and is likely 
 to become as univer- 
 sally adopted as the 
 ballot law. Mr. Hayes 
 has always taken a 
 very active interest in 
 public matters, being 
 prominent in Repub- 
 lican party contests 
 and management. 
 He was elected mayor 
 of Lynn, Dec. 15, 
 1 89 1, and was inaug- 
 urated Jan. 4, 1892. 
 He was re-elected in 1892, receiving the largest majority 
 that any local candidate ever received. For nine years 
 he has been president of the Board of Trustees of the 
 Lynn Public J,ibrary. In 1873 he married Amy A. Far- 
 num, of Lynn. They have one child, Eugene, and reside 
 on New Ocean Street. Those who really know Mayor 
 Hayes feel that his career has only just begun, for his 
 energy, firmness of purpose and character, combined 
 with courtesy, predicate still greater honors. 
 
LYNN. 
 
 541 
 
 SOME archaeologist has pointed out the curious fact 
 that there has been more development in the 
 making of shoes and in the shoe industry during the 
 last fifty years than in the preceding fifty centuries. 
 Indeed, among Egyptian pictures antedating Pharaoh, 
 are representations of shoemakers working with all the 
 tools and in the same fashion as prevailed at the begin- 
 ning of our new industrial epoch. With this era of 
 change and growth Lynn has been thoroughly identified 
 by the enterprise and 
 intellectual activity 
 of certain citizens, 
 and if her trade is 
 now trodden under 
 foot by all the west- 
 ern world, she has 
 to thank a few per- 
 sistent families. A 
 n a m e hereditarily 
 honorable in this 
 story of Massachu- 
 setts enterprise in 
 shoe manufacturing 
 is that of Breed, and 
 Francis W. Bieed, of 
 Lynn, has added to 
 the family lustre. 
 He was born in the 
 year 1846, and re- 
 ceived only a com- 
 mon school educa- 
 tion, which, however, 
 he has wonderfully 
 increased by wide 
 reading. The place 
 of his first employ- 
 ment was a singularly 
 responsible position 
 for a mere boy, since 
 it was that of teller 
 
 in the First National Bank of Lynn. A year later, 
 when only eighteen, he engaged in the shoe busi- 
 ness, and at twenty-one became a partner with Philip 
 A. Chase. At twenty-nine, in 1875, he bought the 
 business and has since continued it alone, increasing 
 it constantly. He has one large factory situated in 
 Lynn and two in the country, and the amount of his 
 production is very large. The extent and consequent 
 e.vactingness of his private business, nevertheless, have 
 
 FRANCIS W. BREED 
 
 not seemed to interfere with his civic and semi-cooper- 
 ative duties, for he is prominent in public and mone- 
 tary affairs, being a director in the Eliot National 
 Bank of Boston, in the Central Bank of Lynn, in the 
 Lynn Institution for Savings, in the Boston Chamber of 
 Commerce, in the Boston Merchants' Association and 
 in the Home Market Club. In the last two, Mr. Breed 
 is a member of the Flxecutive Committee. He is also 
 president of the New England Shoe and Leather Asso- 
 ciation. In addi- 
 tion to a thorough 
 performance of so 
 many and so varied 
 tasks, Mr. Breed has 
 found time for a 
 number of e x t e n- 
 sive tours and has 
 been in every coun- 
 try of Euroi:j^ and 
 every State of the 
 Union. He visited 
 the Centennial, the 
 last two Paris and the 
 Brussels e x p os i- 
 tions, and was ap- 
 pointed by President 
 Harrison as Massa- 
 chusetts C o m m i s- 
 sioner to the World's 
 Columbian Exposi- 
 tion at Chicago. By 
 the Chicago authori- 
 ties his singular apti- 
 tude for official work 
 was at once recog- 
 nized and h& was 
 put on prominent 
 committees, — exec- 
 utive, electoral and 
 legislative. He was 
 likewise one of those chosen to interview Congress on 
 the loan to the Exposition. In obtaining a site for a 
 shoe and leather building he rendered great service to 
 the leading industry of his town, visiting Chicago 
 several times for the purpose. He likewise succeeded 
 in having the classification arranged so as to put all the 
 shoe and leather exhibits in this building. Mr. Breed 
 is a Republican in politics, and his name has often been 
 mentioned for a high position in the gift of his party. 
 
542 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE motive power of the present century has been 
 chiefly steam, but now the more mysterious force, 
 electricity, is gradually superseding that cruder chari- 
 oteer of the car of progress. Among the electricians of 
 the world none merits more attention than the famous 
 " wizard of Swamiiscott." Elihu Thomson was born in 
 Manchester, England, March 29, 1853. His parents 
 settled in Philadelphia when Elihu was five years old. 
 The boy entered school at seven, at eleven was ready 
 for the high school, 
 but, the limit being 
 thirteen, was denied 
 admission. During 
 this enforced idle- 
 ness of the boy the 
 career of the man 
 began. A book tell- 
 ing how to make an 
 electri^ machine fell 
 into his hands. With 
 a wine bottle for a 
 cylinder, he soon had 
 one in operation, and 
 began experiment- 
 ing. He followed 
 this with more scien- 
 tific appliances, and 
 among other things 
 made a Morse tele- 
 graph circuit, a n d 
 used wrapping cord 
 for the insulation, 
 never having seen an 
 insulated wire. Soon 
 after graduation from 
 the high school he 
 became an assistant 
 there, and when only 
 twenty-three was 
 made full professor 
 
 of chemistry and physics. Here he formed that scien- 
 tific fraternity with Professor Houston, now known to 
 fame as the Thomson-Houston Electric Company. In 
 1878 Elihu Thomson visited the Paris Exposition. The 
 fruits of his study there were many new patents. Next 
 came the formation of a company, The American Elec- 
 tric, with headquarters at New Britain. Then Elihu 
 Thomson resigned his professorships and became at a 
 bound a practical electrician, and in 1883 the transfer 
 
 ELIHU THOMSON. 
 
 to Lynn took place. The vastness of this business 
 evolution almost rises into the realm of imagination, 
 since it now represents the practical application of over 
 three hundred patents, for the work of this man, who 
 is only forty, has covered the widest possible range of 
 electrical engineering, and has necessitated thousands 
 of experiments in new fields. Many of his inventions, 
 or perhaps original discoveries were the truer term, 
 have gone into extensive use, and his high originality 
 
 has been appreci- 
 ated by the world. 
 In 1889 he was 
 elected president of 
 the American Insti- 
 tute of Electrical 
 Engineers, and rep- 
 resented that body 
 in London at the 
 British and American 
 Congress. France 
 decorated him that 
 same year with the 
 ribbon of the Legion 
 of Honor, and the 
 grand prize for in- 
 vention was awarded 
 to him at the Paris 
 Exposition. Vale, in 
 1890, made him 
 M. A., and the Elec- 
 tric Metre Competi- 
 tion of Paris divided 
 its first prize between 
 him and Dr. Aeon. 
 Professor Thomson 
 gave his share, five 
 thousand francs, to- 
 wards a new com- 
 petition. Such is 
 the variety of Pro- 
 fessor Thomson's achievements that a mere list would 
 consume pages. One of the most striking is a simple 
 apparatus, recently built on principles discovered by 
 himself. This yields the longest electric sparks ever 
 obtained, closely resembling flashes of lightning five feet 
 long. The recent consolidation of the Edison with the 
 Thomson-Houston Company, as the General Electric, 
 has increased this giant industry. Professor Thomson in 
 1 884 married Miss Mary L. Peck, and has three sons. 
 
Z YNN. 
 
 543 
 
 HENRY A. PEVEAR, of Lynn, who has been the 
 president of the Thomson-Houston Company 
 since its inception, bears also the distinction, in con- 
 junction with his brother, of being the oldest morocco 
 manufacturer in that city. His father, Burnam Pevear, 
 learned his business in Exeter, N. H., and moved his 
 family to Lynn in 1838, his son, Henry A., having 
 been born Sept. 13, 1829, at Tewksbury, Mass. From 
 the father both sons acquired a practical knowledge of 
 their trade, and soon 
 after, 1847, they be- 
 gan manufacturing 
 morocco on their 
 own account. The 
 firm was originally 
 Roberts, Pevear & 
 Co., but Mr. Roberts 
 withdrew, and the 
 new firm soon took 
 that leading place in 
 the business which 
 they have since held, 
 though this original 
 firm, in 1883, divided 
 into two firms. Their 
 first factory was on 
 Monroe Street, in 
 Lynn, and in 1858 
 they opened a Bos- 
 ton store at 67 and 
 69 Kilby Street, be- 
 ing the first morocco 
 house in Lynn to 
 take that strong step 
 forward. In the year 
 1859 they employed 
 only thirty-two per- 
 sons, but had many 
 skins finished in other 
 shops, their manu- 
 facture that year being 103,000 goat skins, and their 
 sales in Boston, including sumac and patent leather, 
 reaching the satisfactory figures of §96,000. .-^bout the 
 beginning of the Civil War the firm began to import 
 South American goat skins, especially Paytas, and their 
 operations rose so quickly that they soon reached the 
 million mark, and, when the government assessed in- 
 comes, this house paid the government the largest 
 personal tax of the morocco business in Massachusetts. 
 
 HENRY A. PEVEAR 
 
 In 1864 they built a large factory on Boston Street in 
 Lynn. The year 1883 beheld a dissolution of this old 
 firm, or transmutation into two new ones, — Pevear & 
 Co., that is, G. K. Pevear and his sons, taking the old 
 factory, the Boston store at 83 High Street and the 
 South American business. The firm of Henry A. 
 Pevear & Sons — Frederick S. and William A. — took 
 possession at this time of the new factory on Boston 
 Street, a building 50 x 200, of five stories, brick and 
 
 wood, with coloring 
 house, engines and 
 storerooms separate. 
 This factory stands 
 on the spot where 
 the celebrated Lynn 
 hermit, George Gray, 
 lived and died. To 
 commemorate this 
 singular fact, and to 
 preserve the land- 
 mark, they have 
 named their product 
 "Hermit Kid." 
 They have a Boston 
 store at 61 High 
 Street. The broth- 
 ers of the original 
 firm have always held 
 the land at the cor- 
 ner of Munroe and 
 Washington streets, 
 in Lynn, where their 
 first factory stood, 
 and early in 1892 
 they built on it the 
 largest block-in Es- 
 sex County, a five- 
 story structure, thor- 
 oughly modern and 
 containing 100,000 
 feet of floor space, .^bout forty years ago they built 
 a handsome double residence on Washington Street, 
 near the swamp of the Johnson estate. Now this build- 
 ing is surrounded by homes of wealth, and there are no 
 signs left of the swamp, where half a century ago the 
 frogs held concert. Henry A. Pevear has not figured 
 in public life very much, preferring to confine himself 
 to home, church and business duties : but his opin- 
 ions in city affairs are naturally sought very often. 
 
544 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 PI',RHAPS no man could have been selected by a 
 jury of his peers more truly representative of 
 Massachusetts, in a quiet way, than Arthur F. Smith, of 
 Lynn. He was born, Jan. 6, 1835, in that part of 
 Danvers which is now West Peabody, one of ten chil- 
 dren, most of whom reached maturity. Like all the 
 sturdy stock of New England, he went to school and in 
 the intervals worked on the farm. In the intervals 
 offering he learned shoemaking, and when twenty was 
 running a stitching 
 machine. On the 
 attainment of his 
 majority, 1856, he 
 went to Lynn and 
 started a small stitch- 
 ing shop on Market 
 Street, employing 
 about twenty hands. 
 In two years, with 
 his brother, T. E. 
 Smith, he took the 
 Micajah Pratt Works 
 and employed about 
 sixty girls. This 
 shop was the first 
 one in the country 
 ever fitted up with 
 steam power for run- 
 ning stitching m a- 
 chines. In about 
 si.\ years Mr. Smith 
 began the manufac- 
 turing of the fin- 
 ished product, and 
 the Smith shoes verv 
 soon walked to the 
 front in a business 
 way. He took in 
 as a par t n e r his 
 brother, J. N., and 
 
 five years later their business had so expanded that they 
 built a factory on Oxford Street. Soon after this ex- 
 pansion, the result of so many years of patience, pru- 
 dence and persistence, occurred the great fire of Boston, 
 and that colossal catastrophe came near involving Mr. 
 Smith, like many others outside of Boston ; for all his 
 customers, with one exception, failed. During the three 
 following years Mr. Smith confined himself to a retail 
 trade, and he still retains that kind of business in part, 
 
 ARTHUR F. SMITH 
 
 doing a Western retail and a New England jobbing 
 trade. For nearly eighteen years he has been located 
 near the City Hall, where his business building, two 
 hundred and ten feet by sixty, and four stories high, 
 is situated. Severely simple, externally, and a model 
 of comfort and elegance within, this edifice stands by 
 itself, with no ornamentation save the plain gold letters, 
 K. F. Smith, above its door. It is worthy of note, as a 
 slight index to the thoroughness of Mr. Smith's nature, 
 
 that insurance folks 
 consider this the 
 ideal shoe factory. 
 B u t Mr. Smith's 
 chief claim, perhaps, 
 on the attention 
 of the business world 
 is his inventive 
 faculty, and one of 
 the most valuable 
 results of this gift is 
 is the Smith Shav- 
 ing Machine, which 
 is now in use abroad 
 as well as all over the 
 Lfnited States. The 
 machine whose place 
 Mr. Smith's inven- 
 tion took, shaved 
 the heel of the shoe, 
 but did not finish it, 
 and about eight 
 years ago, after many 
 experiments, Mr. 
 Smith patented a 
 machine with both 
 these functions. The 
 personal life of Mr. 
 Smith has been very 
 quiet. Republican 
 in politics, he has 
 always avoided the temptations of office. Married 
 years ago to Miss Helen M. ^^'hite, of Lynn, he was 
 berea\ed of her companionship ten years ago and left 
 with one child. In due course of time he was married 
 again to her sister, Miss Martha A. White, with whom 
 he li\es in a home marked with quiet elegance and 
 unostentatious hospitality. Though of a retiring dispo- 
 sition, Arthur F. Smith has made many friends and held 
 them through his life by constant kindness and courtesy. 
 
LYNN. 
 
 54S 
 
 BUSINESS and belles-lettres do not often go hand in 
 hand. The world, however, has taken account of 
 Samuel Rogers, the banker-poet of England in the past, 
 and of Edmund Clarence Stedman, the poet and banker 
 of our time. Not many people have heard of Eugene 
 Barry, though his name often appears in periodicals 
 appended to verse which would have done credit to 
 Samuel Rogers and of which even Stedman need not be 
 ashamed. Yet Eugene Barry is known to most of his 
 townsmen and friends 
 simply as a very suc- 
 cessful manufacturer 
 of morocco, for in 
 his modesty he has 
 not yet gathered up 
 his vagrant verses 
 into a book, and cast 
 them on the waters 
 of the world. He 
 was born in Lynn, 
 Oct. 12, 1843, his 
 father, Darius Barry, 
 being then a promi- 
 nent morocco manu- 
 facturer. There the 
 son attended the 
 public schools until 
 1 85 1 , when the father 
 moved his family 
 and business to Til- 
 ton, N. H. While in 
 New Hampshire the 
 boy worked part of 
 his time in the 
 morocco factory and 
 after the return of 
 the family to Lynn, 
 in 1857, he contin- 
 ued working in the 
 intervals of attend- 
 ance at school. Despite such double duty, Eugene 
 Barry, in 1861, at the age of eighteen, graduated at the 
 Lynn High School with great credit, the valedictorian 
 of his class. He at once went to work in the morocco 
 trade as a foreman, and soon then became a salesman, 
 the thorough knowledge acquired step by step as a boy 
 proving of constantly increasing advantage to himself 
 and others. In 1867 he became a partner of Charles (\. 
 Clark, and five years later began business alone. 
 
 EUGENE BARRY 
 
 Through the long depression following the panic of 
 1873 he gained slowly but steadily by that patience 
 and prudence which finally compel into their service all 
 the deities ; for, as a famous poet remarked about nine- 
 teen hundred years ago : Nullum Numcn abest, si sit 
 Pnidintia pnesens. The many changes, almost revolu- 
 tions, in tanning methods since 1873, from sumac tan- 
 nages to those of gambler, alum, oil, and later of 
 chemicals, exclusively, have demanded the utmost skill 
 
 and the closest atten- 
 tion, but through all 
 these changes Mr. 
 Barry has succeeded 
 in achieving excel- 
 lence, and his fine 
 grades in morocco 
 and kid stock have 
 gained for his goods 
 a high reputation. 
 Taking deep interest 
 in public affairs, he 
 has not sought pre- 
 ferment, and, saving 
 a directorship for 
 many years in the 
 First National Bank 
 of Lynn and a two 
 years' presidency of 
 the Oxford Club, he 
 has not held oflice. 
 .•\s a poet Eugene 
 Barry is far above 
 mediocrity. His ode 
 for the dedication of 
 
 the new high school 
 
 of Lynn is full of 
 fine feeling straight- 
 forwardly expressed. 
 His " Bayberry Leaf," 
 a tristful theme that 
 rises into trust, has a certain classic simplicity, and a 
 humorous rhyme called a " Classic Idyl," though lack- 
 ing technique in parts, is very pleasant. "At the 
 Palmer House, Chicago," which appeared in the Boston 
 Transcript, is a bit of blank verse not unworthy of 
 Cowper. Others of his poems are equally good, and 
 some time a modest little book containing them would be 
 worth having. It is pleasant to find a man like Mr. Barry, 
 amid business cares remembering the eternal verities. 
 
546 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WHEN the son of an evicted Irish farmer becomes 
 one of the most active men in a thri\ing city 
 hke l.ynn, such a fact impHes character. In the same 
 county where Patrick Collins first saw the light, the 
 famous county of Cork, and in the parish of Carrigtvvo- 
 hill, on Feb. 2, 1859, was born Richard Nagle, now the 
 president of the Consolidated Adjustable Shoe Company 
 of Lynn. In 1873 his father, driven to America by 
 oppression, settled in Salem, and Richard, the oldest, 
 went to work in a 
 cotton mill, be- 
 ginning with the 
 wretched salary of 
 Si. 80 per week. 
 There he worked 
 three years, but find- 
 ing no opportunity 
 for education he 
 sought a position in 
 the store of Almy, 
 Bigelow & Webber. 
 There also he stayed 
 for three years, study- 
 ing hard in his spare 
 time. Then he be- 
 gan to learn that part 
 of the shoe business 
 known as lasting, and 
 in 1885 this ambi- 
 tious young Irish- 
 American began 
 manufacturing shoes 
 at Salem under the 
 firm name of Nagle 
 & Condon. He re- 
 mained in this firm 
 two years and in " 
 
 1886 was a common 
 councilman and a 
 member of the Board 
 
 of Health. In the latter part of this year he went to 
 Lynn and took charge of a Co-operative Shoe Company, 
 having been interested ever since he began to think in 
 the principle of co-operation as applied to modern 
 industry. After a while the Taylor Adjustable Shoe 
 attracted his attention, and early in 1887 he with others 
 formed what is now known as the Consolidated Adjusta- 
 ble Shoe Company. This large concern began <iuite 
 small, but every year demonstrated the administrative 
 
 RICHARD NAGLE. 
 
 capacity of its president, Mr. Nagle, wlio in 1890 
 secured a patent on an adjustable shoe that retained all 
 the valuable features of the Taylor and did away with 
 the others. The Taylor, for instance, had a piece of 
 exposed rubber inserted at each side of the ball, but in 
 the Perfection Adjustable Shoe invented by Mr. Nagle 
 this rubber is covered and the shoe thus rendered far 
 more lasting. This is patented in Great Britain and 
 Ireland as well as America. Mr. Nagle has also ])atente(l 
 
 a plant to go on a 
 lasting-jack, and has 
 recently filed an ap- 
 '%Cfey*' ', plication for an im- 
 
 proved metallic but- 
 ton-f a s t e n e r, an 
 invention that ladies 
 will appreciate. 
 Such is the activity 
 of Mr. Nagle's busi- 
 ness life. His home 
 life was overshad- 
 owed by the death, on 
 •gj June 17, 1892, of his 
 
 ^ wife, who left him 
 
 one child. His pub- 
 lic life in Lynn 
 promises a success 
 not unlike that of his 
 business career. In 
 1 89 1 he was nomi- 
 nated for alderman 
 on the workingmen's 
 ticket which, con- 
 sidering his short 
 residence in the 
 city, betokened his 
 — •■ growth in popular 
 
 esteem, and consid- 
 ering that among 
 thirty candidates he 
 ranked thirteenth, his jnjlitical beginning may be reck- 
 oned rather remarkable. \'et is it remarkable, when we 
 review his life, and see how this Irish lad, Richard 
 Nagle, has secured a home for his aged parents and 
 himself, has built up a prosperous business, has added 
 to the comfort of mankind by his inventions, and has 
 become a representative citizen of the great State of 
 Massachusetts. To the land that has sent us so much 
 good material for citizens let us give full credit. 
 
L YNN. 
 
 547 
 
 WILLIAM G. S. KEENE. 
 
 N( ) account of Lynn could be complete without a 
 few points from the life of William G. S. Keene, 
 a man whose penetrative mind and strong, though never 
 super-asserti\e, personality, would have made him the 
 mark of a good deal of public attention, had he lived in 
 a much larger sphere of civic activity. For, not merely 
 wherever the trade of Lynn spreads the name of Keene 
 goes likewise, but in all the local improvements, in the 
 develo])ment of Lynn into a great civilized home as well 
 as a vast workshop, the Keenes for several generations 
 have played their part — an increasingly large part — 
 with unfailing and well-deserved success. William G. 
 S. Keene, who was born in Lynn, June lo, 1843, was 
 the son of George W. and Mary A. (Breed) Keene. 
 He came from old (Quaker stock on both sides, and his 
 maternal ancestry traces back to one of Lynn's first 
 settlers. It is worthy of remembrance in connection 
 with his Quaker ancestry, that Lynn once contained 
 more (Quakers than even Philadelphia. Mr. Keene's 
 mother was a daughter of the Hon. Isaiah Breed, a well- 
 known shoe manufacturer, whose tireless enterprise 
 rendered him a figure of more than local importance. 
 Isaiah was a long time the president of the Lynn 
 Mechanics' Bank, and one of the leading directors of 
 the Eastern Railroad. The father of W. G. S. Keene 
 was likewise a shoe manufacturer and, as a natural mat- 
 ter of hereditary bent and aptitude, it was to be expected 
 that when his sons, W. G. S. and F. Keene, succeeded 
 to the business under the firm name of Keene Brothers, 
 they would continue it with the energy and talent that 
 
 solidify past successes and pave the way for fresh 
 achievement. The career of W. G. S. Keene has been 
 closely identified with the material and intellectual 
 development of his native city, and perhaps the move- 
 ments of the very house where he was born illustrate 
 Lynn's growth as well as anything else. This house 
 originally stood on or near the corner of Exchange and 
 L'nion streets. But the pressure of business caused 
 Mr. Keene, Sr., to move it to the corner of Willow and 
 Oxford. In its place he built a brick business block, 
 ornamental as well as commodious. The house was 
 removed again to the western part of Franklin Street 
 (where it now stands), and in its stead another brick 
 block was erected, the beginning of a series built 
 on Willow Street by this progressive family. Many 
 wondered at this block on \Mllow Street, and were 
 tempted to think that its builders must be blockheads, 
 for the business tendency then seemed toward the 
 central station, and the new block was at least one 
 thousand feet away, and away from e\ery kind of busi- 
 ness. But now, within a radius of five hundred feet, 
 there are twenty-two brick blocks, nearly all from four 
 to six stories. To those who have accused W. G. S. 
 Keene of being a business visionary, this fact ought to 
 demonstrate his foresight. But perhaps they call it his 
 good luck, for to some minds-every Columbus is ■x vis- 
 ionary till he has found his San Salvador, and often 
 after his discovery, is still reckoned merely an inspired 
 blunderer. Mr. Keene married Miss Fanny Gerry, of 
 Lynn. His home is very attractive. 
 
THE pretty and enterprising town of Westfield entered upon the Columbian year with two marks of distinction. 
 The first was that of being the largest town in Hampden County ; the second, that it is the largest whip 
 manufacturing community in the world. Both have their value and both go to increase the fame of the town, 
 which is everywhere known as the " Whip City." 
 
 Westfield was settled some time previous to the year 1641, although there appears to be a considerable 
 difference of authorities on this point, and various dates, embracing the years between 1641 and 1662, are sup- 
 ported by various arguments, as the correct time of settlement. Legendary history says that it was the former 
 date, and that a colony of adventurers from Connecticut were the earliest settlers, and adds that they conceded 
 the territory to Massachusetts in 1649. K"' 'he first really authenticated settlement occurred in 1658, at which 
 time a grant of land was made to Thomas Cooper, and this was followed two years later by another grant to Deacon 
 Chapman. In 1661 a permanent settlement was effected and a trading post established. Captain John Pynchon, of 
 Springfield, being granted a monopoly of the fur trade of the new settlement by the General Court. The fur 
 trade in those days was a very lucrative one, and even a century later one of the vastest fortunes now menacing 
 the stability of this Republic, that of the Astors, had its foundation laid by dealing in the skins of beasts. The 
 early inhabitants of Westfield, besides their jieltries, also did a large business in the gathering of turpentine, and 
 grants of land were often made for that purpose. 
 
 At this early day the town was known by the Indian name of Woronoco, but as the time for incorporation 
 drew near, the residents decided to change it. Among the titles suggested was Streamfield, on account of the 
 fact that the town was located between two streams, — the Westfield and Little rivers of the present day. This 
 name was not selected, however, but Westfield was chosen instead, because the town was almost directly west of 
 Boston, and was at that time the most westerly town in New England. 
 
 The Westfield of to-day is beautifully situated, geographically, and could hardly be better located for pur- 
 poses of trade. The site of the town is a level, sandy tract, — the bed of an early lake, — and is on the direct 
 line of the Boston & Albany Railroad, the New Haven & Northampton Railroad and the Holyoke «& Westfield 
 road. Two rivers run through the town, the Westfield dividing the village almost into two equal parts. Around 
 the northern and western boundaries of the town stretch a line of low hills, the highest of which is Mount Tekoa, 
 a pretty elevation from which a very fine view of the surrounding country may be had. The town is a capital 
 place for residential purposes, the streets being broad, well shaded by magnificent trees, and lighted at night by 
 electric lights. Many elegant houses grace the streets, while Park Square, a beautiful green in the centre of the 
 town, with its pretty soldiers' monument, adds not a little to the attractiveness of the place. 
 
 The chief business, as has been stated, of the town, lies in the manufacture of whips, although the making 
 of cigars forms a large part of the town's industrial life. Other imiiortant industries are the manufacture of paper, 
 organs, machinery, undertakers' supplies, thread and heating apparatus. The town has two national banks with 
 an aggregate capital of four hundred thousand dollars, and two savings banks. 
 
 A thing in which this town especially glories is her educational eminence. Her institutions of learning 
 are well known. The principal of these is the State Normal School, which in the year 1890 moved into a new 
 and elegant building. This school, which was the second chartered by the State, was originally located at Barre, 
 but was removed to Westfield in 1844. Designed to educate young men and women as teachers, it has been very 
 successful in its field, especially of late years, and the teachers drilled in Westfield have always reflected credit 
 on their alma mater. The Westfield Athenaeum is another institution in which the town takes particular pride. 
 The Athenjeum was incorporated in 1864 for the purpose of maintaining a library and reading room. The former 
 now has about eleven thousand volumes. The public schools of the city include high, grammar and primary 
 institutions. 
 
WESTFIELD. 
 
 549 
 
 JAMES C. GREENOUGH, eminent as a teacher, 
 was born in Wendell, Mass., Aug. 15, 1829. In 
 i860 he married Jeanie Ashley, daughter of Hon. 
 William G. Bates, of Westfield, by whom he had four 
 children ; three of these are living. One of Mr. (Ireen- 
 ough's ancestors was a member of the committee of 
 safety that provided for the defence of Boston at the 
 outbreak of the Revolutionary War. Rev. William 
 Greenough, for fifty years pastor in Newton, Mass., was 
 Mr. Greenough's 
 grandfather, and 
 Ralph Waldo Emer- 
 son was his kinsman. 
 The boyhood of Mr. 
 Greenough was main- 
 ly spent on a farm 
 in Wendell and in 
 Deerfield, in which 
 places he attended 
 school, and also in 
 Portland, Me. In 
 the spring of 1854 he 
 entered Westfield 
 Normal School, but 
 in the autumn taught 
 a select school in 
 Heath, and the Bea- 
 con Street Grammar 
 School in Glouces- 
 ter during the win- 
 ter. He became 
 principal of the high 
 and grammar schools 
 in Rockport in 1855, 
 and was called from 
 thence to take charge 
 of the Hacker Gram- 
 mar School in Salem, 
 early in 1856. In 
 September, 1856, Mr. 
 
 Greenough was appointed first assistant in the Westfield 
 Normal School and held the position for fifteen years, 
 being absent one year only in order to complete his 
 four years' college course at Williams College. In 
 i86g he declined to accept the position of principal of 
 the normal school of Connecticut, and in 187 1 a similar 
 position in the State Normal School at Emporia, Kansas, 
 to which he had been unanimously elected. Accept- 
 ing the principalship of the Rhode Island State Normal 
 
 JAMES C. GREENOUGH 
 
 School, he opened the school in Providence in Septem- 
 ber, 1871, and for twelve years conducted it with marked 
 success. The school rapidly rose to the first rank. 
 Brown University conferred upon him an honorary 
 degree, and he was enrolled in its Phi Beta Kappa 
 chapter, and made one of the examining board of the 
 college. During this period he had a full share of public 
 educational work, as a writer and lecturer. He was one 
 of the four who, as teachers, inaugurated the Teachers' 
 
 School of Natural 
 Science in Boston, in 
 1871. While in 
 Rhode Island he 
 declined the presi- 
 dency of Illinois Col- 
 lege and the unani- 
 mous call of the 
 School Committee of 
 Boston to the posi- 
 tion of supervisor of 
 schools. In 1883 he 
 became president 
 of the Massachusetts 
 Agricultural College 
 at Amherst, and for 
 three years directed 
 the policy of the col- 
 lege, improving its 
 financial condition, 
 erecting admirable 
 buildings, making 
 important changes in 
 its course of study 
 and in its educational 
 appliances, and 
 securing for the col- 
 lege a generous ap- 
 preciation by the 
 people of the State 
 On Feb. 4, 1887 
 he entered upon his duties as principal of the Westfield 
 State Normal School. During his administration the 
 commodious boarding hall has been much improved, 
 important changes have been made in the course of 
 study, the standard of scholarship has been raised, a 
 kindergarten and training school of several grades has 
 been added, and a school building costing, including 
 the site, $150,000 has been erected. The school's 
 previous high reputation has been welPmaintained. 
 
S50 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JOHN HOYT LOCKWOOn was born in Troy, 
 N. Y., Jan. 17, 1848, and resided in that city with 
 his parents, Charles N. and Mary Elizabeth (Frye) 
 T.ockwood until his sixteenth year, during this time 
 attending the public schools and Troy Academy, a 
 private institution, in which he fitted for college. He 
 entered Williams College at the age of sixteen, in the 
 class of 1868, graduating with the degree of A. B., 
 besides winning the degree of A. M. by a three years' 
 course in the study 
 of literature. Upon 
 admission to col- 
 lege he was elected 
 to membership in the 
 Kappa Alpha Frater- 
 nity, the oldest (ireek 
 letter society in the 
 United S t a t e s, of 
 which he has been 
 ever since an enthu- 
 s i a s t i c member. 
 After the completion 
 of his course at Wil- 
 liams, he enrolled 
 himself, in the fall of 
 1868, as a student 
 in Princeton Theo- 
 logical Seminar y , 
 graduating in the 
 class of 1 87 1. He 
 was licensed to 
 preach by the Pres- 
 bytery of New York, 
 in the spring of 1870, 
 and spent that sum- 
 mer in Southern 
 Minnesota, doing 
 home missionary 
 work. During his 
 work there he organ- 
 ized a Presbyterian church in the town of \\'ells. Imme- 
 diately after graduating he was called to the pastorate 
 of the Reformed Church in Canastota, N. Y., and begun 
 work there Sept. i. He was ordained and installed by 
 the classis of Cayuga, N. Y., No\'. 15, 1871, remaining 
 there until May, 1873, when he was called to the pasto- 
 rate of the New England Congregational Church in 
 Rrooklvn, N. \ . He remained in charge of the Brook- 
 lyn church until |an i, 1S79. In A|iril nf that year he 
 
 JOHN H. LOCKWOOD 
 
 accepted the call of the First Congregational Society of 
 Westfield, and was installed as pastor of the church 
 May 14 of the same year. During his pastorate, which 
 continues at this writing, the church has enjoyed a 
 healthy and steady growth, and is one of the leading 
 churches of the denomination in this section of the 
 State. Rev. Mr. Lockwood is a preacher of ability, and 
 delivers his messages fluently and forcibly. He is also 
 deeply interested in matters local, benevolent and 
 
 missionary, and has 
 an attractive person- 
 __ ality that greatly aids 
 
 in drawing people 
 into his fold. In 
 7879 the church cel- 
 ebrated its bicenten- 
 nial, and Rev. Mr. 
 Lockwood preached 
 the historical sermon, 
 which was afterward 
 ]irinted in book form. 
 He is also very pop- 
 ular among his fellow- 
 workers in the church 
 and in 1888 was 
 chosen president of 
 the Connecticut 
 Valley Congrega- 
 tional Club, an or- 
 ganization composed 
 of the leading Con- 
 gregational clergy- 
 men and laymen of 
 the valley. Outside 
 of his pastoral duties 
 he is largely inter- 
 ested in educational 
 matters. He has 
 served a three years' 
 term as alumni vis- 
 itor at Williams College, is an active member of the 
 Westfield School Committee, a trustee of the Westfield 
 Athenffium and of the academy fund. Rev. Mr. Lock- 
 wood is married, his wife being Sarah L., daughter of 
 Dr. Ezra P. and Sarah M. Bennett, of Danljury, Conn., 
 to whom he was united July rg, 1S71. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Lockwood have three children : William .A., who is now 
 a student at \\'illiams College, Annie I-',, and Lucy 
 I'l. Lockwood. 
 
IVESTF/E/.D. 
 
 SSI 
 
 HOMER BEMIS STEVENS, well known as a lawyer 
 of ability, was born in the town of Norwich, now 
 Huntington, Mass., Sept. g, 1835. His parents were 
 Washington and Ruth Simons (Bemis) Stevens, his 
 father being a farmer in that mountain district. Homer 
 Bemis Stevens spent his boyhood on the farm, attending 
 the public schools, from which he obtained his early 
 education. Having completed his course in the schools 
 of the town, he began to teach in them at the age of 
 fifteen, meanwhile 
 ])reparing himself for 
 a higher education. 
 With this purpose in 
 view, he entered 
 Williston Seminary, 
 at E a s t li a m p t o n, 
 Mass., where he de- 
 voted his every en- 
 ergy in fitting him- 
 self for entrance at 
 Williams College. 
 He entered this lat- 
 ter i ns titut ion in 
 1853, graduating 
 four years later, the 
 salutatorian of his 
 class. Judge Stevens 
 began the study of 
 law immediately after 
 leaving college, and 
 was admitted to the 
 bar of this State in 
 February, 1859, ha\'- 
 ing in the meantime 
 served a term as 
 principal of the 
 Westfield High 
 School, and for a 
 short time as teacher 
 in the old U'estfield 
 
 Academy, to pay in part the expenses of his education. 
 After his admission to the bar he practised his profes- 
 sion in Boston for a few months, but gave up his resi- 
 dence there and moved to Westfield, where he formed 
 a law partnership with the Hon. E. B. Gillett, under the 
 title of Gillett & Stevens. Judge Stevens has lived in 
 Westfield for thirty-five years, and for twenty-five re- 
 tained these relations with Mr. (iillett. When the Dis- 
 trict Court of Western Hampden was established, in 
 
 HOMER B. STEVENS. 
 
 1886, he was appointed justice by the governor, and has 
 held the office since that time, the term being for life. 
 Judge Stevens, in his political faith, is Republican to 
 the backbone, and although he has never held any office 
 he has done valiant work for the party of his affiliation. 
 He has never cared for political honors, being too much 
 devoted to, and too busy with, his law practice to seek 
 them, although he might have had them had he 
 so desired. He was debarred from enlisting in the 
 
 Federal army during 
 the late war on ac- 
 count of a lameness 
 with which he has 
 been aiiflicted since 
 childhood. Judge 
 Stevens's only 
 brother was killed 
 while fighting for the 
 flag. Even with all 
 of the labor incident 
 ^^^ to a large legal prac- 
 
 -^K^ tice, Judge Stevens 
 
 has found some time 
 to devote to other 
 objects, such as cul- 
 tivating his love of 
 m u s i c, and inci- 
 dentally leading a 
 choir for twenty-five 
 years. He has also 
 done something in a 
 literary line, although 
 he has never written 
 any books. He is 
 an ardent admirer of 
 the game of chess, 
 and spends many a 
 pleasant evening in 
 studying the differ- 
 ent positions of the 
 (]ueens, rooks and bishops. Judge Stevens takes more 
 than the ordinary amount of ])leasure and comfort out 
 of his home life. He married Mariette, daughter of 
 Moses and Juvenilia Hannum, April 10, 1861. They 
 have an adopted child, Bella Horton Stevens. No man 
 in Westfield stands higher in the estimation of his fellow- 
 citizens than Judge Stevens. He is appreciated for 
 his genial and sociable nature as well as for his many 
 attainments of an intellectual character. 
 
55^ 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ARTHUR S. KNEIL, the son of Thomas and Mary 
 (Bush) Kneil, was born in Westfield, May 6, 
 1 86 1, and has been a resident of that town since that 
 period except during the time spent at school away 
 from home. Mr. Kneil is a lawyer by profession and, 
 although one of the younger members of the Hampden 
 County bar, he has already built up a considerable 
 practice in his own town and is reckoned an advocate 
 and counsellor of more than ordinary ability. His 
 earlier school-days 
 were spent within 
 the confines of the 
 public schools of his 
 native town, where 
 he fitted himself for 
 college. Graduating 
 from these, he en- 
 tered Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity at Middle- 
 town, Conn., in the 
 class of 1883. While 
 a student in the uni- 
 versity he became a 
 member of the Psi 
 U p s i 1 o n Fraternity. 
 Graduating from 
 Wesleyan, he entered 
 upon a course of 
 study in the Boston 
 University School of 
 Law and graduated 
 from that institution 
 in 1885 with the de- 
 gree of magna cum 
 laiule to his credit. 
 He began the prac- 
 tice of his profession 
 during the following 
 year, opening an of- 
 fice in W est fi eld, 
 
 where he has practised continuously ever since. Mr. 
 Kneil is also a member of the Suffolk County bar, and is 
 the attorney for the town of Westfield. From 1886 to 
 1 89 1, inclusive, he was clerk in the District Court of 
 Western Hampden. While his practice occupies the 
 greater part of his time, Mr. Kneil finds opportunity to 
 devote some of his energies to other matters, and 
 appears to be as successful in the civil walks of life as in 
 his profession. Among other offices that he holds is 
 
 the vice-presidency of the Business Men's Association 
 of Westfield, an organization having on its roll of mem- 
 bership nearly all of the leading citizens of the town. He 
 is also the clerk of the Pine Hill Cemetery Association, 
 a corporation existing in Westfield. Mr. Kneil is un- 
 married and is one of the leaders of society in the 
 town, a master-spirit of geniality in all social enter- 
 tainments. Mr. Kneil's executive ability has nowhere 
 been more manifest than in his work as a member of 
 
 the Republican Town 
 Committee of West- 
 field. He was elected 
 chairman of that 
 body in 1889 and 
 has held the ofifice 
 since that time, con- 
 ducting the work in 
 a manner which 
 was creditable 
 to himself and in a 
 way that brought out 
 the best results for 
 the party, of which 
 he is a leading expo- 
 nent in Western 
 Massachusetts. His 
 work has been par- 
 ticularly producti\-e 
 where the town elec- 
 tions were concerned, 
 and it proves him to 
 be a man of ready 
 resources and sound 
 judgment. These 
 native abilities 
 brought to ripeness 
 by indefatigable work 
 have obtained recog- 
 nition at the hands 
 of his party, and in 
 1892 he was honored by an election to the lower branch 
 of the State Legislature, receiving a majority that im- 
 plied more than mere success at the polls, x^lthough a 
 new member of the Legislature, Mr. Kneil fared very 
 well when the committees were appointed, and positions 
 on the Judiciary and on the Committee on Rules and 
 also Constitutional Amendments were assigned to him, 
 his ability being recognized by his party associates, and 
 by the speaker. 
 
 ARTHUR S. KNEIL. 
 
WESTFIELD. 
 
 553 
 
 JOHN W. COLTON was born in 1832 in that part 
 of West Springfield, Mass., which is now known 
 as Agawam. His father, Ebenezer Colton, came from 
 Longmeadow. His mother was Cynthia Whitman, only 
 daughter of the late Elder Jesse Whitman, of Agawam, 
 who was the first Baptist minister in that town, and was, 
 indeed, during his lifetime the village pastor. Mr. Col- 
 ton was married to Albina S. Ball, daughter of William 
 Ball, of Chicopee, Mass., in 1862. They have two chil- 
 dren living, William 
 B., now seeking 
 health in California, 
 and Mrs. W. I. Bar- 
 ton, of Westfield. 
 Mr. Colton was edu- 
 cated in the public 
 schools of West 
 Springfield Center, 
 in private schools in 
 Springfield, and later 
 took a course of 
 study in the Sheffield 
 Scientific School of 
 Yale U n i \' e r s i t y . 
 Pursuant to a long- 
 cherished wish, he 
 engaged in the drug 
 business with the 
 old established firm 
 of H. & J. Brewer 
 in Springfield, and 
 was their first sala- 
 ried clerk. He re- 
 mained with them 
 for six years, resign- 
 ing to take a posi- 
 tion with W . H . 
 Schieffelin & Co., of 
 New York City, with 
 whom he remained 
 
 until his health failed from a too close devotion to 
 business. Recovering, he located in Westfield and 
 bought a drug store, and very soon became one of the 
 leading druggists of the town. Mr. Colton is a Demo- 
 crat, and has never sought political oflice, but in 1881 
 he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Repre- 
 sentatives, and was re-elected to that body the following 
 year, receiving nearly four fifths of the entire vote cast. 
 During his first term he was a member of the House 
 
 JOHN W. COLTON 
 
 Standing Committee on County Estimates, and in 1882 
 was on the Joint Committee on Banks and Banking. 
 He was also elected to membership in the town School 
 Committee, even after refusing the nomination, but was 
 unable to attend to the duties because of his business, 
 and consequently declined to serve. He is a trustee 
 and vice-president of the Westfield Savings Bank, a 
 director of the Westfield Athenreum, and was the first 
 vice-president of the Bay State Beneficiary Association. 
 
 Mr. Colton is engaged 
 in the manufacture of 
 Colton's Select Fla- 
 vors, goods that have 
 secured on their mer- 
 its a national reputa- 
 tion. They are the 
 results of long study 
 and experience. For 
 over twenty-five 
 years he followed the 
 d rug business, the 
 latter half of the 
 time expending 
 much of his energy 
 on the development 
 of his flavoring ex- 
 tract trade. He re- 
 tired from the drug 
 business about five 
 years ago, to devote 
 himself to the manu- 
 facture of his flavors 
 and specialties. 
 These extracts are of 
 a very high quality, 
 perfectly pure,- and 
 of great strength. 
 The business grew 
 rather slow^ly at first, 
 but Mr. Colton ob- 
 tained such strong indorsement from leading citizens, 
 dealers and others, that his trade began to spread in all 
 directions, until to-day there is hardly a State in the 
 Union where his flavors are not known. A large num- 
 ber of Mr. Colton's orders are received through the 
 mails, and agencies have been solicited and established 
 as far away as Australia, South Africa and Japan, while 
 salesmen are now kept continually on the road in this 
 country and abroad. 
 
SS4 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 w 
 
 [LTON BURRALL WHITNKV, the son of 
 Samuel Hart and Marilla I.ovisa (Dickinson) 
 Whitney, was born in Granville, Hampden County, 
 Mass., Oct. 6, 1825, being a direct descendant of Henry 
 Whitney, who emigrated from England and settled on 
 the easterly end of Long Island about 1649. Milton 
 Burrall received his early education in the public schools 
 of his native town and later in the classical school of 
 Rev. Timothy M. Cooley, 1 ). D., in which he fitted for 
 college. He entered 
 Williams as a sopho- 
 more, and graduated 
 in 1849, being as- 
 signed to deliver the 
 classical oration, one 
 of the highest hon- 
 ors in the college. 
 For two years after 
 h i s graduation h e 
 taught school, and 
 w e n t to Westfield, 
 where he read law 
 in the o ffi c e of 
 Hon. WilHam G. 
 Bates. He was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 
 1853, and has re- 
 sided in Westfield 
 ever since, and has 
 had a large, varied 
 and successful legal 
 practice. He prac- 
 tised as a partner 
 with Mr. Bates, and 
 the two continued 
 their joint practice 
 until 1865, after 
 which he was alone 
 until 1874, when the 
 firm of Whitney & 
 
 Dunbar was formed, James K. Dunbar being the junior 
 partner. This partnershij) lasted until the latter was 
 appointed an associate justice of the Su]3erior Court, in 
 1887. From 1887 until 1S92 he was senior partner in 
 the firm of Whitney & Brigham. Mr. Whitney was 
 also a trial justice from 1S58 to 1865, at which time he 
 resigned. Mr. Whitney's early political affiliations were 
 with the Whig party, but he has been a Republican 
 since the formation of that party, though latterly his 
 
 MILTON B. WHITNEY 
 
 action has been rather independent. He has been 
 often honored by political preferment. Among other 
 public positions which he has held was that of State 
 senator from the Second Hampden District in 1862-63. 
 During his senatorship he was chairman of the commit- 
 tees on Public Lands, on Federal Relations, and of the 
 special committee on the Concord and Sudbury rivers, 
 besides being a member of other important commit- 
 tees, including the Judiciary. In 1868 he was chosen a 
 
 presidential elector, 
 and was a delegate 
 to the National Con- 
 V ention that nomi- 
 n at e d (larfield in 
 1880. .Mong the 
 civil walks of life, 
 also, he has filled 
 many important and 
 honorable positions. 
 He was appointed a 
 a member of the 
 State Board of Edu- 
 cation in 1 88 1 and 
 re-appointed in 
 1889 for a second 
 term of eight years. 
 He was chosen a 
 fellow in the Ameri- 
 c a n Geographical 
 Society in 1890, and 
 in lanuary, 1892, was 
 elected a councillor 
 of the American In- 
 stitute of Civics, a 
 national institution 
 incorporated under 
 the laws of Congress. 
 He has been deeply 
 interested in the 
 Westfield .^thensum, 
 and an active member of its Library Committee ever 
 since its organization in 1864, and was elected its presi- 
 dent for 1893, besides being a trustee of the Westfield 
 Savings Bank since 1857, a director of the old Westfield 
 bank and a director of the First National Hank since 
 1865 and its jiresident since 1881. Mr. Whitney is a 
 trustee and director of other local institutions, and has 
 always been an earnest advocate of all measures tending 
 to i)romote the best interests of Westfield. 
 
WESTFIELD. 
 
 SS5 
 
 IRA MILLER, president of the American Whip Com- 
 pany, the largest whip manufacturing establishment 
 in the world, and the pioneer in the modern style of 
 whip-making, was born in Cadiz, Trigg County, Ky., 
 April 2 2, 1848. His parents were James Quinn and 
 Susan Raglan Miller, his father being a prominent mer- 
 chant in that State. I'heir home was directly in the 
 path of the marching armies during the Civil War, and, 
 as may be readily inferred, the elder Miller's business 
 was sadly interfered 
 with, while the young 
 man's school-days 
 were brought to an 
 abrupt termination. 
 .After the close of the 
 war the elder Miller 
 moved to Evansville, 
 Ind., where he estab- 
 lished himself in the 
 wholesale dry goods 
 business. But the 
 son's tastes did not 
 run in this direction, 
 and, preferring the 
 manufacturing of 
 goods to the jobbing 
 of them, he engaged 
 in the saddlery busi- 
 ness, in which he re- 
 mained for twenty 
 years, or until 1887, 
 when he began the 
 manufacture of 
 whips. Ira Miller's 
 first mercantile ex- 
 perience was with the 
 firm of Topf, Long 
 it Co., wholesale sad- 
 dle manufacturers of 
 Evansville, into 
 
 whose employ he entered in 1867. 'I'hree years later 
 he removed to Louisville, Ky., to travel for J. \V. Morrill 
 & Co. He became identified with the well-known firm 
 of C. B. Smith & Co., of New York City, and while in 
 their employ visited Europe, Central and South .Amer- 
 ica, the West Indies, Mexico and nearly all the States 
 of the L'nion. During his travels he made many and 
 lasting business friends, and the work done then has 
 been of great assistance to him in his ]5resent business. 
 
 So zealously and successfully did he work for Messrs. 
 Smith & Co. that he was taken into partnership, and 
 remained in New York City until 1887. In 1886 he 
 purchased some of the stock of the American Whip 
 Company, and was elected president of the corporation 
 in 1888. The company was founded in 1822 and in- 
 corporated in 1855. It has always maintained the lead- 
 ing place among industries of its kind, and, as has 
 been said, is to-day the largest in the world, having an 
 
 annual output of two 
 million five hundred 
 thousand whips that 
 find their way over 
 the entire globe. The 
 same energy and en- 
 terprise that char- 
 acterized Mr. Miller's 
 ^,,_^ methods while in the 
 
 ^||^k||^ saddlery business, ap- 
 
 ^^^^B ^sv pear here, and a great 
 
 ^^^^^H '^fPV deal of the later suc- 
 
 ^^T* VW L-ess of the .American 
 
 ^^' > M , . \Vhip Company can 
 
 W "HP" ^^ directly traced to 
 
 I his influence and la- 
 
 \ bors. He is what 
 
 may be called a 
 shrewd business man, 
 but a conscientious 
 one. His dealings 
 are always character- 
 ized by dignity and 
 uprightness. Al- 
 though a resident of 
 W'estfield but a few 
 years, Mr. Miller is 
 justly looked upon as 
 IRA MILLER. one of the town's 
 
 foremost men. He 
 has never held any 
 civil or political office, since the requirements of his 
 work naturally prevented this. He takes, however, a 
 deep interest in all matters relating to the welfare of 
 the town. Mr. Miller was married, Oct. 3, 1883, to 
 Frances Eliza, daughter of Charles B. Smith, of Hart- 
 ford, Conn., and they have four children, — three sons 
 and one daughter. Mr. Miller's skill and energy have 
 been instrumental in bringing the whip-making industry 
 up to a high standard. 
 
SS6 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WILLIAM PROVIN, for a quarter of a century 
 a prominent manufacturer in the town of 
 Westfield, and during this time one of the town's leading 
 citizens, was born in Sullivan, Penn., Feb. 14, 1842. 
 His parents were William and Delilah Provin. His 
 early education was obtained in the public schools and 
 the academy in Westfield. His school-days, however, 
 did not extend over a very long period, as he learned, 
 while quite young, the trade of manufacturing whips, 
 which was then, as 
 now, the principal 
 business of the town 
 to which he had 
 migrated. Conse- 
 quently he has been 
 connected with that 
 business as boy and 
 man for many years. 
 In later years he has 
 been also engaged in 
 the manufacture of 
 whip lashes and • 
 cigars. Mr. Provin 
 was married Nov. 21, 
 1866, to Louise J. 
 Axtell, daughter of 
 D. S. Axtell, of West- 
 field, and two boys 
 have been born to 
 them. During his 
 residence in West- 
 field Mr. Provin has 
 been selected by his 
 fellow-townsmen t o 
 hold many offices of 
 importance, civil and 
 political, and on a 
 number of occasions 
 has been called to 
 represent his adopted 
 
 town in the State Legislature. In all these different 
 positions he has acquitted himself with distinction and 
 credit, not only satisfying his constituents, but also 
 evoking the admiration of many who, politically, were 
 opposed to him. Mr. Provin is a Democrat of very 
 broad views. Among the town offices that he has held 
 is that of chairman of the Board of Selectmen from 
 March, 1881, to March, 1882, while he also served the 
 community as a member of the Board of Water Com- 
 
 WILLIAM PROVIN 
 
 missioners for three years, being president and treasurer 
 of the board. In 1886, 1887 and 1888 he was elected 
 to the lower branch of the Legislature, while in 1891 
 and 1892 he was a member of the State Senate. In the 
 Senate of 1891 he was a member of the joint standing 
 committees on Labor and Insurance, while in 1892 he 
 was on the committees on Fisheries and Oame, Printing 
 and Insurance, being chairman of the latter both years. 
 Among the civil offices that Mr. Provin holds are those 
 
 of vice-president of 
 the W'oronoco Sav- 
 ings Bank of West- 
 field, and director 
 and auditor of the 
 Westfield Co-opera- 
 tive Bank. He is 
 also president and 
 one of the prime 
 movers of the Ma- 
 sonic Fraternal 
 Accident Association 
 of America, a corpo- 
 ration that has written 
 twenty-five thousand 
 certificates in the 
 past five years. Mr. 
 Provin is a veteran 
 of the late war, dur- 
 ing which period he 
 served in the cele- 
 brated Peninsula 
 Campaign under 
 General McClellan. 
 He is past c o m - 
 mander of Lyon Post 
 No. 41 of the Grand 
 Army of the Repub- 
 lic. Mr. Provin is a 
 firm believer in fra- 
 ternal associations, 
 and he regards them as being full of profound instruc- 
 tion and moral elevation for the body politic. He is a 
 Mason, Odd Fellow and Red Man, serving as great 
 sachem of the State in 1891 and is also a member of 
 other societies. In all of these he has been prominent, 
 l)oth as a member and an adviser. He is a ready de- 
 bater, and has always a valuable opinion on matters of 
 importance. Personally, Mr. Provin is a most agreeable 
 and companionable gentleman. 
 
IVF.STFIELD. 
 
 557 
 
 EDWARD BATF:S GILLETl', one of the promi- 
 nent lawyers of the " Old Bay State," was born in 
 South Hadley Falls, Hampshire County, Mass., Aug. 
 24, 1818, and was the son of Daniel and Edith (Bates) 
 Gillett. He was married, in 1848, to Lucy, the daugh- 
 ter of Hon. James and Lucy (Douglas) Fowler, and 
 seven children have been born to them, only three of 
 whom are living, Congressman Frederick H., Professor 
 Arthur L. and Lucy Douglas^ Gillett. Mr. Gillett is a 
 graduate of .Amherst 
 College in the class 
 of 1839, and was pre- 
 pared for entrance 
 into that institution 
 in the academies at 
 Hadley and West- 
 field. On his de- 
 parture from college 
 walls he entered the 
 1 a w office of his 
 uncle, that renowned 
 legal light, Isaac 
 Bates, of Northamp- 
 ton, but completed 
 his legal studies in 
 the Cambridge Law 
 School. He was ad- 
 mitted to the Suffolk 
 County bar in 1843, 
 after which he went 
 to Westfield and be- 
 gan practice as the 
 partner of William 
 G. Bates, one of the 
 leading lawyers of 
 that section. This 
 firm retained its ex- 
 istence until 1852, 
 when Mr. Gillett 
 took in Arthur Lin- 
 coln, as a junior partner. Mr. Lincoln died in 1859 
 and Mr. Gillett afterward formed a partnership with 
 Homer B. Stevens. This continued until 1883. Mr. 
 Gillett was elected district attorney for the counties of 
 Hampden and Berkshire in 1856, declining re-election 
 in 1 87 1. He was a member of the State Senate in 
 1852, and served on the Judiciary Committee. In the 
 Legislature he ranked as one of the most useful mem- 
 bers. In the course of his extensive law practice Mr. 
 
 EDWARD B, GILLETT. 
 
 Gillett has been connected with some cases of national 
 reputation, one of the principal being the celebrated 
 Northampton bank robbery case, in which he conducted 
 all of the cross examinations and made the final argu- 
 ments. He was also for many years the counsel for 
 the New Haven & Northampton and Boston & Albany 
 railroads. Mr. (iillett has likewise been prominent in 
 private life, and instrumental in bringing about many 
 improvements in the town of Westfield. Among other 
 
 positions that he has 
 held was the presi- 
 dency of the Hamp- 
 den bank from 1858 
 to 1882. He is 
 president of the 
 Westfield Insurance 
 Company, of the 
 Board of Trustees of 
 the Westfield .'\cad- 
 emy Fund, and of the 
 Westfield .\thenreum, 
 besides being a di- 
 rector in the Ameri- 
 can Whip Company. 
 He was also elected 
 a corporate member 
 o f the American 
 Board of Commis- 
 sioners for Foreign 
 Missions and is pres- 
 ident of the Hamp- 
 d e n County Bar 
 .\ssociation. He has 
 always manifested a 
 deep interest in ed- 
 ucational matters, 
 and was a member 
 of the Massachusetts 
 State Board of Edu- 
 cation for many 
 years. He has been vice-president of Smith College 
 since its foundation, and has been a trustee of Amherst 
 College since 1861, besides being a trustee of the Hart- 
 ford Theological Seminary. His alma mater conferred 
 upon him the degree of LL. D. in 1885. Mr. Gillett 
 was a W hig originallv, but has been a Republican since 
 the foundation of that party, and was a delegate to the 
 National Convention of 1856, and a presidential elector 
 in i860. 
 
558 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JAMES ALFRED LAKIN was born in Hoston, Feb. 
 7, 1 84 1. He married Lucy Adelaide Tower in 
 1870, and they have four children, — three daughters 
 and one son. He is an army \eteran, having enlisted 
 in the old First Massachusetts Regiment, in which he 
 ser\ed with distinction. The chief part of Mr. Lakin's 
 education and personal polish has been acquired by 
 contact with the world, but the fundamental principles 
 were instilled into his mind by a course of study in the 
 Boston schools. Al- 
 though a native of 
 Boston, Mr. Lakin 
 has preferred to live 
 in W e s t fi e 1 d for 
 twenty- two years, 
 and during all of that 
 time has been closely 
 in touch with the 
 best interests of the 
 town, and very prom- 
 inent in the indus- 
 trial life of the com- 
 munity. His value 
 as a citizen has been 
 recognized by the 
 town on various oc- 
 casions. In 189 o, 
 and again in 1891, 
 he was elected to the 
 State Legislature, 
 being a re])resenta- 
 live from the Secontl 
 Hampden District. 
 In 1892 he was nom- 
 inated for senator in 
 the Second Hamp- 
 den Senatorial Dis- 
 trict. During his 
 first term in the 
 Legislature Mr. La- 
 kin was a member of the Insurance Committee, and 
 during his second year was a valued member of the 
 Committee on Railroads. While in the Legislature he 
 made an es])ecially creditable record for himself, and 
 handled the (|uestions that came before him with the 
 dexterity of a veteran. Of especial value to the farmers 
 of his district, and indeed to those of the State in gen- 
 eral, were his efforts on the proposed dairy law, which 
 came before the House in such sha])e as to be practi- 
 
 JAMES A. LAKIN 
 
 cally valueless. Mr. Lakin fought hard to have those 
 portions of the law that were cut off in the Senate re- 
 incorporated in the bill, and finally succeeded. Not 
 content with that, he labored with some of the senators 
 and had the satisfaction of seeing the bill passed as 
 amended by him. He also reported on a bill allowing 
 the use of electricity on the railroads of the State, and 
 so convincing was his argument in favor of it that it was 
 almost unanimously passed. He stated on the floor of 
 
 the House that " in 
 his judgment, within 
 four years trains 
 would be run, heated, 
 lighted, bells rung, 
 whistles blown, and 
 breaks set by elec- 
 tricity." He was 
 also chosen by the 
 Legislature to ajipear 
 before Congress and 
 urge the adoption of 
 a uniform safety car 
 coupler for the pro- 
 tection of life and 
 limb, on account of 
 his thorough mechan- 
 ical ability. Mr. La- 
 kin's business career 
 began in 1865, when 
 he engaged in the 
 w a t c h and jewelry 
 trade, which business 
 he has followed ever 
 since in connection 
 with the manufacture 
 of his other inven- 
 tions. At ]3resent 
 Mr. Lakin is devot- 
 ing his time to the 
 A m e r i c a n Casket 
 Hardware Company, of which he is president, and 
 which is located in \Vestfield. As its name implies, the 
 company is engaged in the manufacture of plates, 
 handles, and other trimmings for burial caskets, and 
 although established little more than a year, is remark- 
 ably successful, and shows very able management. Mr. 
 Lakin has given much attention to the industrial health 
 of the State. It is the opinion of his many admirers 
 that the future has further honors in store for him. 
 
U'ESTFIELD. 
 
 559 
 
 HENRY \V. ASHLEY, lawyer, was born in ^Vest- 
 field, Mass., Feb. i6, 1855. His parents were 
 Henry and Mary A. (Bartholomew) Ashley. Mr. Ash- 
 ley's family were among the early Puritan settlers, the 
 first of the familv in this country, Robert .Ashley, emi- 
 grating from England and settling at Roxbury, Mass. 
 He remained in this early colonial settlement until the 
 departure of William Pynchon and his party for Spring- 
 field, in the year 1639, when he became a member of 
 the little band of set- 
 tlers, and carried the 
 name Ashley to the 
 
 then extreme west- . ■;.; • ■'••?.. 
 
 ern part of the old 
 Bay State. Robert 
 Ashley's name first 
 appears in the early 
 historical records as 
 one of the committee 
 appointed in behalf 
 of the little settle- 
 ment of Springfield, 
 to arrange about 
 the grinding of the 
 grain of the settlers, 
 while later he was 
 chosen as one of the 
 sealers on the same 
 question. When 
 Westfield was set off 
 from Springfield, 
 somewhere about 
 1658, the Ashley 
 family cast in their 
 fortunes with the 
 young settlement, 
 and reference to the 
 history of the times 
 shows that grants of 
 land were made to 
 
 HENRY W, ASHLEY. 
 
 has been in practice since that time. .Although estab- 
 lished but a few years, Mr. Ashley has, by careful study 
 and close application to his chosen work, built up an 
 excellent practice, and has the pleasure of seeing it grow 
 extensively year by year. He is regarded as one of the 
 ablest young lawyers in Western Massachusetts. Mr. 
 .\shley is also greatly interested in politics, both State 
 and national, being a discijjle of the party of Jefferson. 
 Among other offices that he has held is that of United 
 
 States deputy collec- 
 tor of internal reve- 
 nue, which position 
 (.^:_ ,. ;, "- 1 M' -- he filled from 1885 to 
 
 1889. In 1892 he was 
 chosen alternate dele- 
 gate at large from 
 Massachusetts to the 
 National Democratic 
 Convention at Chi- 
 cago. Mr. A s h 1 e }■ 
 was also elected a 
 member of the Mas- 
 sachusetts House of 
 Representatives i n 
 the Legislatures of 
 1892 and 1893, and 
 while acting in this 
 capacity served on 
 the Judiciary and 
 Railroad committees. 
 During his legisla- 
 tive work he showed 
 himself to be a good 
 speaker and pos- 
 sessed of sound judg- 
 ment, with a 'thor- 
 ough knowledge of 
 current affairs. He 
 is also gifted with 
 executive ability to a 
 
 Robert Ashley and David Ashley in 1666. John Ashley, rare degree, and has had ample opportunity to demon- 
 
 a graduate of Yale University, in the class of 1730, was strate his talent as a member of the Democratic State 
 
 one of the first lawyers in \Vestfield, and was, as his Central Committee. On the same iilane is his work as 
 
 de.scendants also have been, a [jrominent figure in the a member of the Executive Committee of the Young 
 
 affairs of the town. Henry \\. Ashley was educated in Men's Democratic Club of Massachusetts. On both 
 
 the public schools of \Vestfield and was graduated from 
 the Law School of Boston LTniversity in 1882. He was 
 admitted to practice at the bar the same year, and 
 immediately opened an office in Westfield, where he 
 
 committees Mr. .Ashley has done yeoman service, and 
 the brilliant quality of his work has Iteen generally rec- 
 ognized both by the members of his own party and by 
 the opposition. 
 
56o 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 LUCIUS B. WALKLEV was born in Westfield, Sept. 
 21, 1822. He was married in December, 1847, 
 to Sarah C. Young, of Westfield, and they have six 
 children, two boys and four girls, all of whom are living. 
 Until his sixteenth year he attended the public schools, 
 but at that period of his life he enlisted in the Third 
 Regiment, United States Artillery, for five years, during 
 which service he became sergeant of Company B, and 
 served in the war in Florida. At the expiration of his 
 term of service he 
 returned to Westfield 
 and learned the trade 
 of a mason, but dur- 
 ing the gold fever 
 excitement of 1850 
 he went to California. 
 There he spent a 
 year in the gold 
 mines, then returned 
 to Westfield in 1851 
 and resumed his 
 business as a mason. 
 Since that time he 
 has held many posi- 
 tions of trust and 
 honor in the town 
 and county and is 
 justly esteemed one 
 of Westfield's fore- 
 m o s t citizens. 
 Among the offices 
 that he has held is 
 that of constable and 
 poUce o fifi c e r for 
 many years, and a 
 deputy sheriffship of 
 the c o u n t i es of 
 Hampden and 
 Hampshire for about 
 eleven years. He 
 
 was also prominent in the military of the State, and 
 held all of the commissioned offices in the Tenth Regi- 
 ment from that of lieutenant to colonel. In May, 1 861, he 
 enlisted a company of volunteers for the Civil War, and 
 on June 21, 1861, was mustered into service as captain 
 of Company K, Tenth Regiment, Massachusetts Volun- 
 teers. The regiment was attached to the Army of the 
 Potomac, and was engaged in building fortifications and 
 guarding the approaches to Washington until March, 
 
 LUCIUS B. WALKLEY. 
 
 1862. He then went to the Peninsula with General 
 McClellan and took part in the siege of Yorktown and 
 the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Charles City 
 Cross Roads and Malvern Hill. He resigned his com- 
 mission at Harrison's Landing, July 16, 1862, and was 
 commissioned major of the Forty-sixth Regiment, Mas- 
 sachusetts \'olunteer Militia, in October of the same 
 year, being promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy in a 
 short time. He joined the army under Cleneral Foster, 
 
 at Newbern, N. C, 
 and was in the Golds- 
 boro expedition, the 
 fights at Kinston, 
 White Hall and 
 Goldsboro, besides 
 being in several other 
 expeditions. In 
 June, 1863, his bri- 
 gade was ordered to 
 join the Army of the 
 Potomac and during 
 the battle of Gettys- 
 burg was detailed to 
 guard the approaches 
 to Baltimore, after 
 which it joined Gen- 
 eral Meade's army 
 at Frankstown. The 
 Rebel Army having 
 crossed the river and 
 the regiment's time 
 having expired, it 
 was ordered home 
 and was mustered 
 out in July, 1863. 
 After the expiration 
 of his military ser- 
 vice Colonel Walk- 
 ley went into busi- 
 ness and is now a 
 contractor and builder and a large manufacturer of brick. 
 He is president of the Westfield Brick Company, a past 
 master of Mt. Moriah Lodge of Masons, a member of 
 Springfield Commandery, Knights Templar, and is also 
 a past commander of Lyon Grand Army Post. Politi- 
 cally, Colonel Walkley is a stanch Republican. He is 
 also a member and trustee of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and is prominent in the social and religious life 
 of Westfield. 
 
WESTFIELD. 
 
 561 
 
 ROBERT BRUCE CRANE AND JAMES ARTHUR CRANE. 
 
 ONNECTED inseparably with the 
 manufacture of pajier in Massachu- 
 setts, ever since the beginning of the 
 present century, is the name of Crane. 
 In 1 80 1 Zenas Crane estabHshed his 
 paper mill in Dalton, and ever since 
 then the different generations of the family have been 
 actively engaged in the manufacture of the product. 
 One branch of this family resides in Westfield, where 
 they operate paper mills, the plant being owned and 
 worked by Robert Bruce Crane and James Arthur Crane, 
 sons of the late James B. Crane, of Dalton, and grand- 
 sons of Zenas Crane, under the title of Crane Brothers. 
 The product of their mills has attained an international 
 reputation. 
 
 Robert Bruce Crane was born in lialton, June 4, 1845. 
 He attended a private school in Pittsfield and the Mili- 
 tary Academy in Worcester, and later took a course in 
 Williston Seminary at Easthampton, finishing his educa- 
 tion with a six months' trip through Europe, in company 
 with his brother, J. Arthur Crane. He has been promi- 
 nent in the town affairs of Westfield, and was elected 
 to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in i8go 
 and 189 r, serving as chairman of the Committee on 
 Labor. 
 
 J. Arthur Crane was born in Dalton, Dec. 24, 1847. 
 He studied in \\'illiston Seminary, and after the broth- 
 ers returned from their European trip, they at once 
 engaged in the business of ])aper making, in 1867, at 
 Ballston Springs, N. Y. The following year they pur- 
 chased the plant in \\'estfield, and since then have built 
 the business, from the smallest foundation, up to fine 
 proportions. Their main mills are situated on a stream 
 about two miles from the station of the Boston & Albany 
 and the New York, New Haven .S: Hartford railroads in 
 Westfield, and are connected with the latter railroad by 
 a spur track, which they own, while the smaller mill is 
 about a mile above on the same stream. The mills are 
 all built of brick in the most substantial manner, and 
 power is supplied from the river, with a supplementary 
 force provided for by Corliss engines. The chief prod- 
 uct of the company is a linen paper, and the water- 
 marks en Crane's " Linen Record," "Japanese Linen," 
 
 and "Warranted .-Ml Linen " are familiar throughout the 
 country. The success of this paper is due to the extraor- 
 dinary care taken even in the smallest details of its 
 manufacture. One of the chief elements in the success 
 of this grade of paper is the use of very pure water, 
 brought in six-inch pipes from the mountains at the 
 rate of five hundred gallons per minute. Another rea- 
 son for the excellence of the paper is that the rags for 
 making the paper are all cut by hand, because, being of 
 a better grade than ordinary rags, they cannot be well 
 cut by machine, as by the latter process it would be 
 impossible to obtain the retjuired fibre. This same 
 attention to detail characterizes every branch of the 
 business, and to it can be traced the success of Crane 
 Brothers' ])aper. 
 
 In 1876 they obtained the highest award for record 
 paper at the Centennial Exhibition, while two years 
 later they obtained the highest award at Berlin and the 
 grand prize gold medal at Paris. In 1880 the Mel- 
 bourne Exposition awarded them a gold medal, and the 
 New Orleans Exposition gave them a grand prize gold 
 medal in 1885. A medal of superiority was received 
 from the American Institute, New York, in 1889, and a 
 silver medal from the Mechanics' Fair in Boston in 
 1890. 
 
 Aside from the manufacture of paper, the mills have 
 a product, known as "linenoid," from which are made 
 a variety of seamless articles, including mill and ware- 
 house baskets, boats and canoes, trunks, bath -tubs, 
 caskets, cylinders, poll triangles, etc. 
 
 J. Arthur Crane has charge of the mills, while R. B. 
 Crane devotes much of his time to their stock farm of 
 some six hundred acres, which is known as the Wolf 
 Pit Stock Farm, and which is largely devoted to the 
 raising of fine horses. The most important stallion on 
 the farm is the celebrated Chronos, with a record of 
 2.12.^, who made such a fine showing on the circuit last 
 year. 
 
 J. .\rthur Crane was married Jan. 17, 1883, to Clara 
 B. Kittredge, daughter of Hon. Charles J. Kittredge, of 
 Hinsdale, Mass., and they have two children. The 
 initial letter with which this sketch begins is Crane 
 Brothers' trade-mark. 
 
562 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JOHN RICHARD RKKD was bom iMarch 25, 1832, 
 his father being Rev. Augustus Reed, the Congre- 
 gational pastor in Ware, Mass., who died in 1838. Mrs. 
 Reed removed to Westfield with her children, where 
 they were educated. In 1849 she migrated to Fall 
 River, where her son John spent a few months as clerk 
 in a store. He was soon attracted by the life of a sailor, 
 and at the age of twenty shipped in the forecastle, 
 spending the next three and one-half years in the 
 Northern Pacific and 
 .Arctic oceans. While 
 voyaging he was 
 strongly tempted to 
 seek his fortune in 
 New Zealand, b u t 
 was induced to stay 
 by the ship and re- 
 turned home in 1855. 
 He soon afterwards 
 visited his brother in 
 Westfield and e n - 
 tered the employ of 
 H. B. Smith (!t Co. 
 This com]iany was 
 founded in 1853 by 
 Henry B. and Kdwin 
 Smith, brothers, the 
 plant being a small 
 one engaged in the 
 manufacture of iron 
 fences, principally. 
 This business w a s 
 continued for about 
 seven years until 
 they became inter- 
 ested in and com- 
 menced the manu- 
 facture of Gold's 
 steam a n d w a t e r 
 heaters, the inven- 
 tion of Samuel Gold, of Englewood, N. J., and William 
 A. Foskett, of Meriden, Conn. The company began 
 the following year the sale and building of the first 
 combined steam and water heating apparatus for warm- 
 ing residences and the smaller class of buildings. .\\. 
 this time the company was melting three tons of iron 
 daily, which was put into these boilers and radiators. 
 Mr. Reed became connected with the company in 1859, 
 and much of the earlier success of the Smith brothers 
 
 JOHN R. REED. 
 
 was due to his untiring zeal. Their efforts were so suc- 
 cessful that in 1863 they had to erect a larger cupola to 
 accommodate the output, which had increased to eight 
 or ten tons per day. The business continued under 
 these favorable conditions from 1872 to 1878, when 
 there was a depression in this as in many other branches 
 of industry. In consequence of this state of things it 
 was found desirable to reorganize the firm, whereby the 
 capital was increased and the responsibility divided and 
 
 limited. Upon the 
 reorganization of the 
 firm, John R. Reed 
 became the president 
 and general manager, 
 Andrew Mercer vice- 
 president, and Philip 
 C. Smith, treasurer. 
 .At this time, the de- 
 mand for a better 
 direct radiator be- 
 coming clearly out- 
 lined, Mr. Reed's 
 i n \' e n t i \' e mind 
 solved the problem, 
 and the Reed radia- 
 t o r, which w a s 
 brought out in 1S79, 
 was the result, later 
 the celebrated 
 " Union " steam and 
 water radiator was 
 invented. The suc- 
 cess of these inven- 
 tions caused a further 
 increase in the plant, 
 and a commodious 
 foundry with a daily 
 output of six thou- 
 sand feet of radiators 
 and employing five 
 hundred people, was erected on the north side of West- 
 field River. Mr. Reed was married to Julia Priscilla 
 Breckenridge, of \\"are, Mass., May 8, 1861, and by her 
 had four children. She died; and on Jan. 9, 1876, he 
 married Martha Huntington Dudman, of Yarmouth, 
 N. S. They have two children. To the inventive genius 
 of Mr. Reed, no less than to his business ability, is due 
 his high standing among the manufacturers of \\'estern 
 Massachusetts. 
 
ANEW ENCrLAND town of 18,000 people, enterprising and progressive, having at its threshold the largest 
 and most famous railroad tunnel in the country, and for which the town's citizens worked zealously for years 
 under innumerable discouraging circumstances ; with scenery that is not surpassed in the United States ; with two 
 of the largest print works in the country, with employees numbering thousands ; with nearly a half dozen shoe 
 factories, employing hundreds of hands, with pay-rolls amounting to many thousand dollars monthly ; with cotton 
 and woollen factories that employ hundreds more : with a fine foundry and numerous other diversified industries, — 
 all these and many other things make North Adams a pleasant place for a home and a good place to do business in. 
 
 The growth of the town has been steady, and bids fair to continue. Aside from the main village are two 
 smaller xillages, — Blackinton and Greylock. The water supply is pure, as, indeed, it must of necessity be in the 
 Berkshire Hills, and ample for protection against fire. The town is supplied with both gas and electric lights, and 
 a street railway, with electricity as a motive power, connects North Adams and Adams, and is likely in the near 
 future to connect the town with \\'illiamstown, the location of Williams College, one of the best of Massachusetts 
 institutions of learning. 
 
 The town has as good public schools as the State affords, and money is contributed liberally by the tax- 
 payers that the high state of efficiency may be maintained. The churches are the Congregational, Rev. I. F. 
 Coyle, pastor ; the Methodist Episcopal, Rev. William W. Foster, Jr., pastor ; the Baptist, now without a settled 
 pastor. Rev. F. H. Rowley having lately resigned the jiastorate to accept a charge in Chicago ; St. John's Episco- 
 palian, Re\-. John C. Tebbets, rector; the Universalist, Rev. A. B. Church, pastor: St. Francis, Roman Catholic, 
 Rev. Charles E. Burke, pastor : Notre Dame of the Sacred Heart, Rev. L. Leduc, pastor. Without exception, all 
 these organizations ha\e fine edifices, and the services are largely attended. From the Congregational Church 
 have gone such widely known and eloquent speakers as Rev. Washington Gladden and Rev. Dr. Munger. 
 
 The secret and other organizations are strong in numbers and fraternal in their work. Of the Masonic 
 fraternity there are St. Paul Commandery, Knights Templar ; Composite Chapter, Royal Arch Masons ; and two 
 Blue lodges, Lafayette and Greylock, and Naomi Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star, all strong and compact 
 organizations. The Odd Fellows have these organizations : Oneco Lodge, Wells Encampment, Canton Colfax and 
 Oneco Mutual Relief Association. The Knights of Honor, Improved Order of Red Men, Roval Arcanum, Knights 
 of Pythias, Ancient Order of Hibernians, British American Association, Father Mathew Total Abstinence Society, 
 the Father Mathew Ladies' .\id Society, the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Robert Emmet Association, 
 the St. Jean Baptiste Society and the Young Men's Christian .Association all have large memberships and are flour- 
 ishing organizations. For purely social organizations or clubs there are the North Adams, the Club Brunswick, 
 the Washington, the Franco-American, the Pastime Athletic Club and the Lime Kiln Club. The town has a fine 
 hospital, owning its own grounds and building, an excellent public library, a capable fire department, and in the 
 town are the grounds and half-mile track of the Hoosac Valley Agricultural Society. All of these things tend 
 to make North .'\dams what it is, — a happy, prosperous community. 
 
564 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 AN interesting and picturesque figure in the liistory 
 of North Adams is Judge James T. Robinson. 
 In the legal profession he has won success and distinc- 
 tion. In politics he has received honors which demon- 
 strate his secure place in the popular regard. In 
 journalism his striking abilities have been devoted to a 
 useful purpose in the discussion of the great questions 
 of the day and the moulding of public opinion. It is 
 not often that roles requiring such distinct orders of 
 talent are found com- 
 bined in so eminent 
 a degree in one per- 
 son. Judge Robin- 
 son was born in 
 Adams, Berkshire 
 County, Mass., Sept. 
 6, 1822. .\t the age 
 of fifteen he moved 
 to N o r t h .-K d a m s , 
 where he has since 
 made his home. His 
 earlier education was 
 obtained in the pub- 
 lic school and acad- 
 e m y , with a few 
 terms s]ient at Shel- 
 burne Falls, \Vorth- 
 ington and Benning- 
 ton, Vt. In 1844 he 
 was graduated at 
 Williams College. 
 He read law in the 
 office of his father, 
 Thomas Robinson, 
 an able lawyer. Later 
 he was in partnership 
 with his father. His 
 subsefjuent career 
 confirmed the wis- 
 dom of his choice of 
 
 a calling. He easily mastered great legal principles, 
 while his remarkable memory enabled him to treasure 
 up for immediate use such facts as are indispensable in 
 so exacting a profession. He became a powerful advo- 
 cate. Nature gave him great gifts : a striking presence, 
 a melodious voice, an effective action, a command of 
 language equal to every demand, and charged with the 
 most attractive graces and ability to reason along severe 
 logical lines. All these gifts and forces have gained for 
 
 JAMES T. ROBINSON 
 
 Mr. Robinson a foremost place, whether in the court 
 room or on the political rostrum. In early life he was 
 a Whig, but in 184S he joined the Free-soil movement, 
 and later went into the Republican organization. In his 
 loyalty to this party, he has never swerved. Twice he 
 has been elected to the Massachusetts State Senate. It 
 was during his last term in the Senate, in 1859, that he 
 was appointed judge of probate for Berkshire County. 
 He has held that position ever since. He was secretary 
 
 of the famous consti- 
 tutional convention 
 
 of Massachusetts in 
 
 1853, and was also a 
 delegate-at-large t o 
 the Republican Na- 
 tional Convention in 
 i860, which nomi- 
 nated Abraham Lin- 
 coln for president. 
 In 1866 Judge Rob- 
 inson purchased the 
 North Adams Trans- 
 cript, one of the best 
 weekly papers in 
 New England and he 
 is still its editor and 
 senior proprietor. 
 The editorial depart- 
 ment, especially, has 
 a high standing 
 among journals. It 
 is instructive in that 
 sense in which his- 
 tory, experience, 
 knowledge, illustra- 
 tion and cogent 
 reasoning appeal to 
 the best sense of the 
 reader. On all polit- 
 ical subjects the 
 editor is enabled to pour from his extensive knowledge 
 such information, and to clothe his thoughts in such 
 excellent language, as to arrest public attention. The 
 North Adams Transcript, under Judge Robinson's man- 
 agement, has been a most potent factor in moulding the 
 public opinion of Western Massachusetts. Despite his 
 age, Judge Robinson is still active and in the enjoy- 
 ment of unimpaired mental and physical strength, which 
 promises to last many years more. 
 
NORTH ADAMS. 
 
 565 
 
 ASHLEY B. WRIGHT, of North Adams, congress- 
 man elect, was born in Hinsdale, Mass.,- in 1841, 
 and is the son of Charles Wright, who was one of the 
 pioneers of the Republican party in Massachusetts. 
 Hon. Ashley B. Wright's early years were spent in Hins- 
 dale, and he was educated in the public schools of that 
 town, and in Professor Lincoln's Academy. He went to 
 North Adams when he was twenty years old, and be- 
 came chief deputy internal revenue collector, under 
 Collector Tinker. 
 He had charge of 
 the tenth district, 
 comprising Hamp- 
 shire and Berkshire 
 counties, and also of 
 the home office in 
 North Adams from 
 its organization to 
 the close of the war. 
 At that time the in- 
 ternal revenue taxes 
 were very heavy, and 
 hundreds of thou- 
 sands of dollars were 
 collected, Mr. Wright 
 [jerforming the du- 
 ties of his office with 
 conscientious care. 
 After the close of the 
 war he became a 
 merchant in North 
 Adams, and has con- 
 tinued in business 
 ever since. In North 
 Adams Mr. Wright 
 served for several 
 years as town clerk. 
 He was afterwards 
 chosen selectman, 
 and for four years 
 
 was chairman of the board. In politics Mr. Wright 
 has always been a Republican. He was one of the 
 county commissioners of Berkshire County for three 
 years, and chairman of the board for one year. In 
 this capacity he rendered valuable services to the 
 county, and was regarded as one of the most efficient 
 commissioners Berkshire ever had. In 1889 Mr. Wright 
 was chosen a member of the Exectitive Council from 
 the Eighth Massachusetts District, and was re-elected 
 
 ASHLEY B. WRIGHT. 
 
 the following year. In that body Mr. Wright served on 
 the committees on Pardons, Finance, Military and 
 Charitable Institutions. In September, 1892, Mr. 
 Wright was nominated for Congress by acclamation by 
 the First Massachusetts District Republican Conven- 
 tion, kiiftx a discussion in the public prints lasting for 
 several weeks, the sentiment of the party finally crystal- 
 lized on Mr. \\'right as its strongest candidate. Such 
 proved to be the case, for at the polls in November he 
 
 was elected, defeat- 
 ing Congressman 
 John Crawford 
 Crosby, the strong- 
 est and most popular 
 Democrat in Western 
 Massachusetts, who 
 had made an excel- 
 lent record at Wash- 
 ington in the Fifty- 
 second Congress. 
 .\side from his polit- 
 ical offices, Mr. 
 Wright has held 
 many positions of 
 trust in the commer- 
 cial and fi n a n c i a 1 
 world. He is a di- 
 rector in the Adams 
 National Bank of 
 North Adams, and a 
 member of the In- 
 vestment Committee 
 of the North Adams 
 Savings Bank. He 
 is liked by every one, 
 is philanthropic, and 
 has probably assisted 
 as many poor people 
 with his means and 
 kind words as any 
 man now li\ing in North Adams. His friends look for- 
 ward to a successful congressional career for him. Mr. 
 Wright's long experience in public affairs, joined with 
 his business ability, and his thorough acquaintance with 
 the needs of his congressional district, will make him a 
 most useful representative at Washington, and a worthy 
 member of the Massachusetts delegation, which has 
 ever maintained a high reputation and strongly in- 
 fluenced national legislation. 
 
5 66 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 A I.BERT C. HOUGHTON, president of the Arnold 
 Print Works of Nortii Adams, is a native of 
 Stamford, Vt., and is about forty-five years of age. His 
 business career lias been one of great success and is due 
 to his masterful abilities. Starting in life with no other 
 capital than his hand and brain, he has triumphed over 
 obstacles which would have defeated most men, and 
 to-day occupies a leading position among the business 
 men of Massachusetts. He is a trustee of Williams 
 College, State direc- 
 tor of the Fitchburg 
 Railroad, president 
 of the North Adams 
 Savings Bank, vice- 
 president of the 
 Adams National 
 Bank, director in the 
 Berkshire Life Insur- 
 ance Company, and 
 was, by Governor 
 Brackett, appointed 
 a World's Fair com- 
 missioner, but this 
 position he subse- 
 quently resigned. 
 His special promi- 
 nence is as president 
 and principal owner 
 of the Arnold Print 
 Works and its four 
 tributary cotton mills, 
 consisting of com- 
 modious brick build, 
 ings covering over 
 fifteen acres of 
 ground, furnishing 
 employment to over 
 two thousand ]ieople 
 and having a yearly 
 pay-roll of over eight 
 
 hundred thousand dollars, being one of the largest con- 
 cerns under single control in Massachusetts. The 
 Arnold Print Works is the leading establishment of its 
 kind in the United States for variety and excellence of 
 its production ; it is not surpassed in facilities or organ- 
 ization by any rival in Europe. One pleasing thing to 
 Mr. Houghton is that no employee in the concern with 
 which he is connected has ever engaged in any strike. 
 .\ committee appointed by the Knights of Labor 
 
 ALBERT C. HOUGHTON 
 
 reported his mill paying the highest wages of any 
 like concern under their jurisdiction. His business 
 acquaintance is very large and influential, and his 
 standing among bankers and in financial circles in New 
 ^"ork City and Boston is the very best. Though never 
 in public office he has been from early years an 
 extremely interested member of the Democratic party, 
 and since his going to North Adams has done more 
 than any other man to develop the growing Democratic 
 
 strength there, which 
 now nearly equals 
 that of the Republi- 
 cans, in what was, 
 until recent years, 
 the banner Republi- 
 can town of Berk- 
 shire County. He 
 gives liberally of his 
 time and money in 
 political campaigns, 
 and Governor Rus- 
 sell has had no more 
 potent aid in West- 
 e r n Massachusetts 
 than that contributed 
 by him. In recog- 
 nition of Mr. Hough- 
 ton's valuable politi- 
 cal work, and his ex- 
 tended and influen- 
 tial acquaintance 
 with public men, the 
 State Convention of 
 the Democratic 
 party chose him as 
 delegate to the Na- 
 tional Convention to 
 Chicago in 1892. 
 Mr. Houghton was 
 an earnest supporter 
 of Mr. Cleveland's nomination from beginning to end, 
 and he is a manufacturer who has a firm belief in Mr. 
 Cleveland's policy of tariff reform. Mr. Houghton is 
 also president of the Young Men's Democratic Club of 
 North Adams, and under his leadership it promises to 
 become one of the most active political organizations 
 in Berkshire County. He is firm in his friendships, and 
 there are many young men who owe their present inde- 
 pendent position to his kindly interest and aid. 
 
XORTH ADAMS. 
 
 567 
 
 FRANK STONE RICHARI )SUN, one of the most 
 successful business men of his native town, was 
 born in North Adams, Oct. 18, 1856, and is conse- 
 quently in his thirty-seventh year. Mr. Richardson is 
 the son of the late .\masa \V. Richardson, one of the 
 pioneer manufacturers of Berkshire County, and Ksther 
 Cone, of Albany, N. V. It is fitting that a few words 
 should be said of Mr. .-^masa W. Richardson, for he was 
 one of the notable men of Northern Berkshire. I^arly 
 in life he successfully 
 established a large 
 dry goods business. 
 In 1848, with Wells, 
 White & Co., he pur- 
 chased the lames K. 
 Marshall property, 
 including the old 
 Phcenix Cotton Mill, 
 the Stone Mill on 
 River Street, and the 
 Cnion Print Works, 
 located where the 
 \\ iiidsor Print Works 
 now stand. The 
 company was very 
 successful. Later on 
 he was a successful 
 paper manufacturer 
 at Adams. He was 
 for a time president 
 of the old National 
 Bank of .-Xdams, and 
 assistant treasurer of 
 the Troy & Green- 
 field Railroad Com- 
 pany. His business 
 career, like that of 
 his son, was closely 
 identified with the 
 business growth of 
 
 North .-Xdams, and he contributed much toward the in- 
 dustrial development of the western part of the Com- 
 monwealth. Mr. Frank Stone Richardson was educated 
 in the [uiblic schools of North .Adams, and was gradu- 
 ated from the old Drury High School in the class of 
 1875. Since the year 1S78, Mr. Richardson has been 
 the treasurer and manager of the North .\dams ( Jas 
 Light Company. It operates the business of electric 
 lighting and for its size is one of the most prosperous 
 
 5SSS3SS 
 
 FRANK S RICHARDSON. 
 
 companies in New England, doing a very large business 
 for its capital. Mr. Richardson was clerk and treasurer 
 of the North .Adams fire district from 1883 to 1891, 
 dtiring the time of the large and important increase of 
 the district's water supply from artesian wells and the 
 Broad Brook system. In this capacity he was enabled 
 to render the town much valuable ser\ice. Mr. Rich- 
 ardson was treasurer and manager of the L^nited Zy- 
 lonite Company from 1S87 until the purchase of the 
 
 zylonite works by 
 the Celluloid Com- 
 pany, something less 
 than two years ago. 
 I'he transactions of 
 the Zylonite Com- 
 pany amounted to 
 several million dol- 
 lars, and in the 
 management of the 
 affairs of the com- 
 pany Mr. Richard- 
 son showed marked 
 ability and skill. In 
 politics Mr. Richard- 
 son has always been 
 an earnest and zeal- 
 ous Republican and 
 is always ready to 
 contribute in every 
 legitimate way for 
 the success of his 
 party. He has never 
 sought public office, 
 the many demands 
 of his business keep- 
 ing him fully occu- 
 pied. Mr. Richard- 
 son enlisted in the 
 State Militia in 1878, 
 and for four years 
 was in the service. He held commissions as second 
 and first lieutenant, and at the time of his resignation in 
 1882 was the captain of Company F, Second Regiment 
 of Infantry. Mr. Richardson was married, June 4, 1890, 
 to Mrs. .Alice Rudderow Bonnell, of Jersey City, N. J. 
 Thev have no children. It is no e.vaggeration to say 
 that Mr. Richardson is one of the most likable and 
 popular men in his native town, to which he has ren- 
 dered so many services. 
 
S68 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 NL. MILLARD, one of the successful shoe manu- 
 , facturers of North Adams, and long identified 
 with its interests, was born in Stamford, Vt., where amid 
 farm life his boyhood was passed. He was early dis- 
 posed to leave the farm and enter upon more active 
 pursuits, and began business life at North Adams in 
 1 86 1, entering the employ of Ingalls, Tyler & Co., 
 woollen manufacturers, as book-keeper, with whom he 
 remained eight years. Mr. Millard comes from a sturdy, 
 independent V e r- 
 mont family, and his 
 ambition was satis- 
 fi e d with nothing 
 short of a business 
 career on his own 
 account. Accord- 
 ingly, in i86g, hav- 
 ing formed a partner- 
 ship with his brother, 
 !•:. R. Millard, who 
 had been successful 
 as a stock grower in 
 the West, they, under 
 the firm name of K. 
 R. & N. L. Millard, 
 and without any pre- 
 vious experience in 
 this line whatever, 
 Ijegan the m a n u- 
 faiture of shoes. 
 This industry h a d 
 long had a foothold 
 in the town, and 
 they were attracted 
 to it bv the success 
 a n d growth with 
 which it had been 
 attended. They 
 purchased of C. T. 
 Sampson his old 
 
 factory on Eagle Street, next to the river, and began 
 in a small way, soon making one hundred and twenty 
 pairs per day. With this small beginning the business 
 steadily increased till after three years the demands 
 upon them necessitated a product of nine hundred 
 pairs daily. In 1874 Mr. Millard withdrew from the 
 firm, selling his interest to his brother ; but he was not 
 long out of the business of shoe manufacturing, as in 
 1875, by the purchase of the interest of H. S. Millard, 
 
 N. L. MILLARD 
 
 of the firm of Millard & Whitman, the firm of Whit- 
 man & Millard was formed. This firm continued 
 seven years, when, in 1882, Mr. Millard, through the 
 the purchase of his partner's interest, became .sole 
 owner. Meantime, through the influence of growing 
 competition, the methods of conducting the business of 
 shoe manufacturing were changing and adjusting them- 
 selves to new conditions. Mr. Millard was quick to 
 discern the shifting conditions of business and the 
 
 demands of compe- 
 tition, and took an 
 aggressive policy in 
 the complete over- 
 hauling of lasts, dies 
 and patterns, result- 
 ing in the production 
 of good-style, medi- 
 um and cheap goods 
 which have met with 
 a ready sale. In the 
 exercise of this 
 policy his business 
 grew so that two ad- 
 ditions have been 
 made to the original 
 plant. To-day, with 
 a floor space of more 
 than thirty thousand 
 square feet and with 
 an equipment of the 
 best and most mod- 
 ern machinery, Mr. 
 Millard has facilities 
 for the production of 
 three thousand pairs 
 daily. These goods 
 are sold through his 
 Boston office at No. 
 96 Summer Street to 
 the wholesale trade 
 only, his customers being found in nearly every large 
 city in the Union. In November, 1892, Mr. Millard 
 associated with him his nephew, Charles K. Millard, who 
 for several years had filled an important place in the 
 business, and the firm name is now N. L. Millard & Co. 
 The future policy of this house will be to employ only 
 the best workmen, to whom the highest w-ages will be 
 paid, thereby insuring the best quality of labor and uni- 
 formity of product. 
 
NORTH ADAMS. 
 
 569 
 
 S PROCTOR THAYER was born in North Adams, 
 , July I, 1853. He was educated at the Drury 
 High School in North Adams and at U'illiams College, 
 where he was graduated with honor in the summer of 
 1873. While in college he was one of the editors of 
 tlie Williams Rn>ie7v, a college paper, and was the 
 chairman of the committee of arrangements for class 
 day. After graduation he engaged in teaching as assis- 
 tant in the high school in North Adams and as princi 
 pal of the high school 
 in Cheshire, Mass. 
 Afterwards, in 1874, 
 he went to Boston, 
 and studied law in 
 the office of Alfred 
 Heme n way and 
 James P. Farley, Jr., 
 in Barristers' Hall on 
 Court Square, Bos- 
 ton, and entered the 
 law school of Boston 
 University, where he 
 graduated in 1S76. 
 In May of the same 
 year he applied for 
 admission to the bar 
 of the Supreme Court 
 for Suffolk County, 
 and after examina- 
 tion his petition was 
 granted. He re- 
 turned to North 
 Adams after his ad- 
 mission to the bar, 
 and since that time 
 he has been engaged 
 in practising law with 
 his father, Hon. 
 Shepherd Thayer, 
 under the style of 
 
 S. Thayer & Son. After his return to North Adams he 
 was elected a member of the School Committee of that 
 town, which office he held for fifteen years successi\ely. 
 During that time he was very active in all matters per- 
 taining to school work, and many improvements in the 
 educational system and school buildings of North Adams 
 were suggested and carried through by him. Upon the 
 separation of the town of North Adams from the old 
 town of Adams he issued his warrant for the first town 
 
 S. PROCTOR THAYER. 
 
 meeting of the new town of North Adams, and he has 
 been prominent in all public matters connected with 
 the town since he became of age. He was a member of 
 the original committee that established the public 
 library, and the arrangement and classification of its 
 books and the first catalogue were made under his 
 direction. He drafted all the bills which provided for 
 the present water supply of North Adams, and was one 
 of a committee of three which constructed the Broad 
 
 Brook water supply 
 system, at a cost of 
 over a quarter of a 
 million dollars. He 
 assisted in writing 
 several school-books, 
 some of which are in 
 use to-day, and he 
 has written a short 
 history of Berkshire 
 County and various 
 lectures and articles 
 upon educational and 
 other subjects. He 
 was twice appointed 
 special justice of the 
 District Court of 
 Northern Berkshire, 
 which office he re- 
 signed upon his 
 election as member 
 of the Legislature. 
 He was a member of 
 the House of Repre- 
 sentatives for the 
 years of 1880 and 
 1 88 1, and served on 
 the committees on 
 the Hoosac Tunnel 
 and Constitutional 
 Amendments. H e 
 was elected senator from the Northern Berkshire Dis- 
 trict in 1884 and 1885, and served in that body as 
 chairman of the committees on the Hoosac Tunnel, 
 Public Sen-ice, Education and Bills in the Third Read- 
 ing. Mr. Thayer has always been a Republican in 
 politics, and his services have been frequently in request 
 as a stump speaker and as manager of local pohtical 
 campaigns, in which he has been very successful. He 
 is unmarried. 
 
570 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JAMES HUNTER was born in the town of Gala- 
 shiels, Scotland, June 8, 1806. On both his father's 
 and his mother's side he came of good stock. His 
 paternal grandfather was for a long time a prosperous 
 merchant of Leith, so that his father, Andrew Hunter, 
 grew to manhood with the privileges of the genteel fam- 
 ilies of those days, and married Mary, the daughter of 
 Laird Blaikie, one of the leading citizens of Galashiels. 
 Four sons and one daughter were born to them, but the 
 family fortunes were 
 soon changed by 
 great losses in the 
 East India trade, and 
 the sons, therefore, 
 inherited little except 
 the stock of intelli- 
 gence and manly in- 
 dependent qualities 
 of character which 
 come of good ances- 
 try. They, however, 
 all received a good 
 education at a pri- 
 vate school for boys 
 in Edinburgh, where 
 James Hunter was 
 sent when nine years 
 of age, and remained 
 six years. At the age 
 of fifteen he was ap- 
 prenticed to Alexan- 
 der Sanderson to 
 learn the business of 
 woollen manufactur- 
 ing, and in 1829 he 
 married the daughter 
 of Thomas Walker, 
 
 who was one of the JAMES HUNTER 
 
 old manufactur- 
 ers and a prominent 
 
 citizen of Galashiels. Great depression overtook the 
 manufacturing interests of Scotland during the early 
 thirties, and Mr. Hunter emigrated with his wife and 
 two children in 1833. For five years he lived in Otsego 
 County, N. Y., working at his trade. In 1838 he went 
 to North Adams, and soon became superintendent of 
 a part of the mill of Brown & Tyler, afterward Brown 
 cV Harris. In 1846, with others, he built the first cotton 
 mill at Greylock, and, in 1847, exchanged his share of 
 
 this mill [for the furnace property in North Adams. 
 Though this was a new business to Mr. Hunter, he 
 made it successful by patient industry and an intelligent 
 study of its natural development, and the present large 
 and prosperous business of the James Hunter Machine 
 Company, of which James E. Hunter, the oldest son, 
 is at the head, has been the outgrowth of these small 
 beginnings. Mr. Hunter, as an employee, always gave 
 more than was expected of him. He once said : " I 
 
 am happy to think 
 that no human being 
 ever lost a dollar by 
 me," and then added, 
 " or a moment's work 
 when I was employed 
 by others." He was 
 the true and kind 
 friend of his emi)loy- 
 ees, the confidential 
 adviser and helper of 
 many, and just, gen- 
 erous and devoted to 
 the interests of his 
 patrons. He was the 
 consistent advocate 
 of temperance, edu- 
 cation and religion, 
 intelligent as to pub- 
 lic questions and loyal 
 to American institu- 
 tions, but ever re- 
 taining an ardent love 
 for the land of his 
 birth. He was for 
 several years ]iresi- 
 dent of the Berkshire 
 National Bank. At 
 the time of his death, 
 in 1 89 1, he had been 
 senior deacon of the 
 Congregational church for a long term of years. Mr. 
 Hunter's persevering industry, his courage in overcom- 
 ing difficulties, his strictness of life and stern honesty, 
 his intelligent methods of meeting the demands of bus- 
 iness, make him a tyjiical adopted son of America; but 
 more than that, his pleasing and cheerful manners, his 
 personality, which stood for all that is best and purest 
 in character, and his life of gentle usefulness to others 
 make him a fitting e.xample for emulation to the young. 
 
NORTH ADAMS. 
 
 571 
 
 GILBERT L. JEWETT, a member of the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature and a representative work- 
 ingman of North Adams, was born in South Deerfield, 
 Mass., Dec. 22, 1839, and is a son of James M. and 
 Sophrona Jewett. He is one of a large family of chil- 
 dren, and, like thousands of New England boys, in his 
 youth attended the district school in winter and worked 
 manfully in the summer. Later on he attended the 
 Dickinson Academy at Deerfield. The success which 
 he has attained in 
 life has been the 
 reward of his own 
 efforts. With the 
 exception of his 
 army service, Mr. 
 Jewett was by calling 
 a fairly pros])erous 
 farmer in South 
 Deerfield until the 
 year 1885, when he 
 m o \- e d to N a r t h 
 .\dams. Since that 
 time he has been a 
 shoe cutter, and can 
 fairly claim to be 
 one of the represen- 
 tative working men 
 of that prosperous 
 town, intelligent, in- 
 dustrious and frugal. 
 Mr. Jewett's war rec- 
 ord is not unlike 
 that of thousands of 
 others. He was a 
 brave and honorable 
 soldier, and the rec- 
 ord is pleasing to 
 him, his friends and 
 acquaintances. He 
 enlisted Feb. 9, 1864, 
 
 and joined the regiment to which he was assigned, the 
 Twenty-first ALissachusetts Infantry, at Annapolis, Md. 
 While a member of the regiment Mr. Jewett participated 
 in nine engagements, and was taken a prisoner near the 
 Weldon Railroad, .\ug. 19, 1864. He was confined at 
 first in Libby Prison, then at Belle Isle, and being very 
 ill had the good fortune to be taken to a hospital at 
 Richmond, Va. He was finally exchanged and went to 
 Annapolis. While a prisoner, the Twenty-first Regi- 
 
 GILBERT L, JEWETT, 
 
 ment had been consolidated with the Thirty-sixth, and 
 Mr. Jewett joined that regiment. He served honorably 
 and with great credit. Mr. Jewett is a member of 
 Charles D. Sanford Post, Grand Army of the Republic, 
 of North Adams, and has been its commander, and 
 held other positions of responsibility in the order. He 
 has ever been ready to do his share of the work of that 
 organization, and to contribute his share to the charity 
 fund. In politics Mr. Jewett is an earnest and loyal 
 
 Republican. In 
 I 89 I he was the 
 candidate of his 
 party for State rep- 
 resentative in the 
 First Berkshire Dis- 
 trict, and was hand- 
 somely elected. He 
 did excellent service 
 on .the Military Com- 
 mittee in the House, 
 and he was honored 
 with an appointment 
 by Speaker Barrett, 
 as a member of the 
 Legislative Commit- 
 tee to represent the 
 State of Massachu- 
 setts at the opening 
 and dedicatory exer- 
 cises of the World's 
 Columbian Exposi- 
 tion at Chicago, in 
 October, 1892. .\t 
 the State election in 
 November, 1892, 
 Mr. Jewett was again 
 elected to the lower 
 branch of the State 
 Legislature. His 
 constituents were 
 certainly well pleased with the record which he had 
 made the first year in that body, for at his second elec- 
 tion he received one thousand eight hundred and forty- 
 five votes to one thousand two hundred and ninety-four 
 in 1 89 1. He enjoys a widespread popularity among 
 his fellow-members of the Legislature, regardless of 
 party. Mr. Jewett was married, March 4, 1861, to 
 Miss Arvilla C. Wood. Their only child is an adopted 
 daughter, Lilly M., who is nine years old. 
 
572 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JOHN RRACF:WELL was born, June i8, 1837, in 
 Clitheroe, England. His fatiier, Miles Bracewell, 
 from his early boyhood had been engaged in printing 
 calico, and at the time of his death was the senior part- 
 ner and principal owner of two printworks — one at 
 Oakenshaw, Lancashire, and another at Kersal Vale, 
 near Manchester, England. When eighteen years of 
 age Mr. Bracewell had established such a reputation 
 that he recei\ed the offer of a position as assistant 
 manager in the Mer- 
 rimack Print Works, 
 Lowell, Mass., and 
 remained there five 
 years and a half, 
 winning for himself 
 a distinguished rep- 
 utation. Certainly, 
 it argues some un- 
 usual qualities in his 
 work while there, 
 some extraordinary 
 gifts and capacities 
 in his nature, that 
 could have led the 
 Cocheco Manufac- 
 turing Company of 
 Dover, N. H., to call 
 this young man of 
 twenty-three years of 
 age to its most re- 
 sponsible position, — 
 that of manager of 
 its print works. 
 Soon after entering 
 upon his new duties 
 Mr. Bracewell took 
 advantage of the sus- 
 pension of work in 
 the manufactory, 
 made necessary at 
 
 that period of the Civil War, to enlarge his scientific 
 knowledge by attending lectures on chemistry at Har- 
 vard College. He studied with great thoroughness this 
 science during a five months' course, and at the same 
 time directed the many repairs and changes which were 
 being made in the print works at Dover. With the 
 beginning of the year 1861 Mr. Bracewell took up his 
 residence in Dover. The remarkable enterprise and 
 judgment of the new manager made themselves at once 
 
 JOHN BRACEWELL 
 
 felt. For just twenty years he continued in his position 
 These years witnessed a series of brilliant successes. 
 He showed himself to be a genius in his profession. 
 To his originating, creative mind he joins an unusual 
 power of adapting to his own uses suggestions coming 
 from whatever source. By his sheer abilities, his in- 
 domitable energy, his quickness of insight, his tireless 
 perseverance and his perfect command of the minute 
 details of every branch of his work, he soon lifted the 
 
 Cocheco goods to 
 the very head of 
 their class, and held 
 them there to the 
 last day of his ser- 
 vice. During his 
 residence in Dover 
 he endeared himself 
 to all classes of peo- 
 ple by his large- 
 hearted liberality, 
 his great geniality 
 and his keen per- 
 sonal interest in 
 whatever affected 
 the welfare of the 
 city or the condition 
 of every individual 
 in it. Though born 
 and educated an 
 Englishman, he early 
 became an ardent, 
 patriotic American 
 citizen. In January, 
 1 88 1, Mr. ISracewell 
 removed to North 
 Adams, and pur- 
 chased a third inter- 
 est in the Freeman 
 Manufacturing Com- 
 pany of that place. 
 The same success which was acquired in Dover has 
 followed his abilities into the great business which he 
 represents at North Adams. The Windsor calicoes, 
 and other products of the Freeman Manufacturing 
 Company, already stand in the market among the fore- 
 most of their class. Mr. Bracewell served on (iov. Pres- 
 cott's staff, with the rank of colonel. He has been a 
 member of the Republican State Committee. 1 )artmouth 
 College conferred on him the degree of M. A. in 1877. 
 
NORTH ADAMS. 
 
 573 
 
 HTORRIE CADV, of North Adams, is one of the 
 , live, energetic manufacturers of the town. He 
 was born in North Adams, Jan. 17, 1844, and is in the 
 prime of life, with his best years for work and develop- 
 ment before him. His parents were Alanson and Jane 
 A. Cady, and both were of vigorous New England stock. 
 The father at one time was a large land-owner, and in the 
 earlier years of the town contributed materially to its 
 growth. Mr. Cady was educated in the excellent 
 schools of the town, 
 and was graduated 
 at "Old Drury" 
 Academy. In the 
 early days of the War 
 of the Rebellion, Mr. 
 Cady enlisted in Col- 
 onel Morrison's fa- 
 mous Black Horse 
 Cavalry of New York, 
 but was discharged 
 on account of his 
 
 youthful years. He ^i^ 
 
 has been urged to 
 become a member of 
 Sanford Post, Grand 
 Army of the Repub- 
 lic, but has always 
 declined, never de- 
 siring to claim more 
 than is justly his due. 
 The veterans, how- 
 ever, know Mr. Cady 
 as one of their warm 
 friends, who is always 
 ready to assist them 
 in the tlieir work or 
 charities. In 1866, 
 when he was only 
 twenty-two years old, 
 Mr. Cady began in a 
 
 small way as a shoe manufacturer. From that day to the 
 present his business has grown steadily and prospered. 
 There have been changes and partners and able lieuten- 
 ants, but the growth has been steady, until to-day Mr. 
 Cady gives employment to two hundred and seventy-five 
 hands; his yearly pay-roll amounts to Si 10,000, and the 
 annual output from his factory is five hundred thousand 
 pairs of shoes. Mr. Cady's shrewdness and tact ha\e 
 been illustrated in his dealings with his employees. He 
 
 H. TORRIE CADY, 
 
 has had no so-called labor troubles, and that is due to 
 his good judgment. Like all other manufacturers, Mr. 
 Cady desires a successful and remunerative business ; 
 he knows that a liberal spirit, a desire to treat his em- 
 ployees fairly and generously in wages and hours of 
 labor has a tendency to cause them to work for his 
 interest. In other words, they realize that prosperity 
 for their employer means increased wages and comfort 
 for themselves. Mr. Cady in politics is a Republican, 
 
 and he has been an 
 earnest worker for the 
 success of his party. 
 In 1889 h e w a s 
 elected a member of 
 the Massachusetts 
 House of Represen- 
 tatives, receiving a 
 very handsome vote, 
 and the following 
 year he was elected 
 a member of the 
 State Senate, defeat- 
 ing the strongest 
 candidate that the 
 Democrats c o u 1 d 
 name. While a mem- 
 ber of the House he 
 served on the joint 
 standing committees 
 on Banks and Bank- 
 ing and Federal Rela- 
 tions. When a sen- 
 ator he served on the 
 committees on Man- 
 ufactories, Roads and 
 Bridges. He de- 
 clined to accept a 
 renomination as a 
 senator, although 
 sure of an election. 
 He is vice-president of the Berkshire National Bank 
 and one of the directors ; he is also a trustee of the 
 North Adams Savings Bank, and president and one of 
 the directors of the North Adams Gas and Electric 
 Light Company. Mr. Cady was married to Miss Harriett 
 E. Cook, of Cheshire, Mass., June 14, i858. They have 
 one daughter. . He was a delegate-at-large to the Re- 
 publican National Convention of Minneapolis, and was 
 a strong supporter of President Harrison's candidacy. 
 
574 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 AMONC; the many able young business men" of 
 Western Massachusetts there is none who is 
 better known than WiUiam Arthur Cialhip, treasurer and 
 clerk of the Arnold Print Works of North Adams. He 
 was born Oct. 28, 185 i, and is the son of William W. 
 and Eugenia O. C.allup. He was educated in the public 
 schools of North Adams, and while still a youth obtained 
 a ])ractical business training in the store of his father, 
 who was one of the leading merchants of the town. 
 After several years' 
 exjierience obtained 
 in this way he entered 
 the store of Briggs lV- 
 Roland, who were 
 merchant tailors, and 
 after working there 
 for a time he entered 
 the Adams National 
 Bank as a clerk in 
 i86g. He remained 
 there for a year, and 
 in 1870 entered the 
 employment of Har- 
 vey Arnold iS: Co., 
 calico printers, as 
 an office boy. The 
 training he had re- 
 ceived in his father's 
 store and the expe- 
 rience gained in his 
 connection with other 
 establishments, stood 
 him in good stead, 
 and his promotion 
 was steady in his new 
 place. '1' h e ji r i n t 
 works were destroyed 
 by fire in 1872 and 
 were rebuilt in 1873, 
 and through all the 
 
 vicissitudes of the concern he retained his connection 
 therewith until 1876, when the corporation of the Arnold 
 Print Works was organized, and Mr. Gallup as one of 
 the charter members was elected clerk and director. 
 The same year he also entered into partnership with 
 Edwin Barnard in the clothing business, and this con- 
 nection was continued until 1881, when he withdrew 
 from the firm to concentrate his attention on the large 
 and growing manufacturing interests with which he was 
 
 WILLIAM A GALLUP 
 
 concerned. In 1877 Mr. (lallup purchased his father's 
 interest in the cotton manufacturing firm of ( 'lalhip, 
 Houghton & Smith, who operated the Beaver Mill, and 
 in 1878 Messrs. Gallup and Houghton bought out Mr. 
 Smith, and the copartnership then formed continues 
 to-day. In 1883 Mr. Crallu]) was made treasurer of the 
 Arnold Print Works, and still holds that position. He 
 was also treasurer of the North Pownal and Williams- 
 town Manufacturing companies from 1877 to 1882, and 
 
 is still a director o^ 
 those concerns. Mr. 
 Gallup has never held 
 political office, al- 
 though his opinions 
 are pronounced, and 
 as an independent 
 Cleveland I )emocrat 
 he holds an influen- 
 tial ])osition in his 
 party. He has been 
 identified with St. 
 John's Episcopal 
 Churc h of North 
 Adams for many 
 years, and for fifteen 
 years has been a 
 vestryman of the 
 parish. He is a lib- 
 eral sup|iorter of the 
 church, but his bene- 
 factions have not 
 been limited to the 
 ecclesiastical organi- 
 zation with which he 
 is connected. A 
 large and w e 1 1 - 
 ai^pointed addition 
 which was made in 
 1892 to the North 
 Adams Hospital was 
 his gift as a memorial to his wife, who died Oct. 31, 
 1889. The business abilities of Mr. Gallup have placed 
 him in a commanding position among the business men 
 of Western Massachusetts. His high character and 
 steadfast integrity have won for him the respect of the 
 community in which he dwells. Mr. Gallup's future 
 business career promises to be one of still greater benefit 
 to the town and State, of which he is a valued and thor- 
 oughly representative citizen. 
 

 
 AISEAUTIFUL New England town, with a population of 10,000; witii the best of schools, churches and 
 libraries ; with diversified industries gi\ ing employment to the people ; situated in a beautiful valley, 
 which is surrounded almost on every hand by rugged hillsides, the famous Berkshire Hills, with Greylock towering 
 over all, — such, in brief, is the town of Adams as it exists to-day. This is a different picture from that of the 
 wilderness. The valley of the " Hoosuck " it was then called. Captain Thomas Wells petitioned for a survey and 
 opening for settlement, and Captain Ephraim Williams, from whom Williamstown takes its name, was made the 
 chairman of a commission to lay out the towns. That was in 1738. 'I'wo years later three townships were mapped 
 out. East Hoosuck was one of the three, and that constituted what is now .Adams and North Adams. Oct. 15, 
 1778, a special act of the Legislature permitted the changing of the name of the plantation of East Hoosuck to 
 .Adams, a name given in honor of Samuel .'\dams, the illustrious leader of the Revolution, one of the signers of 
 the Declaration of Independence, and afterwards governor of Massachusetts. 
 
 Cotton manufacturing has been one of the principal industries of the town since 181 o, when the 
 first cotton mill was erected in the north part of the town by Benjamin Sibley, Captain Jeremiah Colgrove and 
 others, and it would be interesting, if space permitted, to trace the growth of that great industry down to the 
 present, and compare the little, almost insignificant, mills of that time with the magnificent mills of to-day, the 
 superb factories of the Berkshire and Renfew companies, hardly surpassed in the world, and equipped with the 
 best machinery that mechanical skill can produce. It is worthy of note that the first factory in .Adams proper was 
 the old Plunkett Mill, there being only a grist mill preceding it. From that time to the present the name of 
 I'lunkett has been an honored one in the manufacturing industries of Berkshire. 
 
 In 1877 the town of .Adams had grown too large and unwieldy, and by legislative act it was dividetl into 
 .Adams and North Adams, and the ]irosperous daughter is now sturdy and strong, with a ]iopulation of nearly if not 
 cpiite eighteen thousand. 
 
 The present business community of Adams is exceedingly enterprising and acti\e. In the last ten years 
 the vast output of its manufactories has doubled in \alue, and the town has increased in population proportionally. 
 .Among the manufacturing concerns are the Berkshire Cotton Manufacturing Company, which manufactures 
 sateens and lawns, the Renfrew Manufacturing Company, which makes fine ginghams, the L. L. Brown Paper 
 Company, which turns out some of the best ledger paper that is made in the world ; then there are the cotton 
 warp factories of W. C. Plunkett & Sons and Adams Brothers & Co., and the large lime-kilns of L. J- Follett iV- 
 Sons, whose lime is sent all over the country, and numerous smaller industries. "ITiere are seven churches in 
 town : the Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist, two Roman Catholic, St. Charles and Notre Dame, 
 and Universalist. 
 
 The scenery of the town is \ery beautiful, the Hoosac Mountain on the east commanding a view of the 
 Deerfield and Hoosac valleys, while in the northwestern part of the town is Creylock Mountain, the highest point 
 in the State. The mountain is converted into a park, and it has been reserved for that purpose by an act of the 
 Legislature. It is surmounted by an iron tower forty feet high, and the view from it is unsurpassed in the county. 
 Below lies the valley of the Hoosac, nearly three thousand feet below ; Pittsfield, the county seat, with its beautiful 
 lakes, and many smaller villages, are to be seen in the valleys and on the hills ; southwestward the eye sweeps over 
 the top of the Taghconics, away to the Catskills beyond the Hudson. Northwest the peaks of the .Adirondacks 
 are visible ; in the north the sturdy ridges of the Green Mountains file away in grand outline ; on the east Monad- 
 nock and Wachusett can be plainly seen, and Tom and Holyoke guard the Connecticut River that flows between 
 them ; southward Mount Everett stands at the portal of Berkshire, through which the Housatonic flows, and all 
 this grand circuit is filled with hills, mountains and valleys. 
 
576 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 OSCAR A. ARCHP:R, of North Adams, was born in 
 Livonia, N. V., Sept. 3, 1829, and is the son of 
 Benjamin and Clarissa Archer. Mr. Archer's father 
 was a native of ^'ermont, and his mother came from 
 good Massachusetts stock. His early education was 
 obtained in the district schools, and in 1850 he was ap- 
 pointed by the county of Livingston, N. Y., a pupil in 
 the Albany Normal School, from which he was graduated 
 in 1 85 1. Before entering the normal school Mr. Archer 
 worked three years 
 at the harness mak- 
 ing trade for his 
 father. He taught 
 school in 1851-52, 
 and later was a 
 teacher for four 
 years in the New 
 York Conference 
 Seminary at Char- 
 lotteville, N. Y. Mr. 
 Archer was married, 
 ALiy 24, 1856, to 
 Helen Mary, the 
 eldest daughter o f 
 John R. Blackinton, 
 of PSlackinton, North 
 Adams, Mass., and 
 in the same year 
 entered the employ 
 of S. Blackinton & 
 Co., woollen manu- 
 facturers, as book- 
 keeper. He re- 
 mained as b o o k- 
 keeper and confiden- 
 tial clerk until 1876, 
 when the S. Blackin- 
 ton \\'oollen C o m- 
 pany was organized 
 as a corporation and 
 
 he was elected treasurer, an office which he still holds. 
 Mr. Archer has always taken a lively interest in educa- 
 tional methods and has been a member of the North 
 Adams School Board for twenty-five years. He was 
 one of the selectmen of the town for two years. His 
 financial experience has not been limited. He has 
 been a trustee of the Hoosac Savings Bank since its 
 formation, and its president for about ten years and 
 still holds that office. Mr. Archer was instrumental in 
 
 OSCAR A. ARCHER. 
 
 establishing the PSlackinton Free Library in 1869, and 
 has been the librarian since that time. In this capacity 
 he has been enabled to accomplish much good for the 
 intellectual life of the community. He has also been 
 chairman for several years of the Book Committee of 
 the North .\dams Library. Mr. Archer has always taken 
 a keen interest in literary, musical and educational mat- 
 ters, and is an amateur florist with the means to gratify 
 his cultivated tastes. In politics Mr. Archer has been a 
 
 Republican since the 
 formation of that 
 party, and not in- 
 frequently during 
 the campaigns his 
 contributions to the 
 party literature are 
 read with interest, 
 and his voice is 
 heard in behalf of 
 the political princi- 
 ples which he sup- 
 ports with so much 
 ability. In religious 
 matters Mr. Archer 
 is an earnest but lib- 
 eral-minded Baptist, 
 and he is superin- 
 tendent of the Union 
 Sundav -school in 
 Blackinton. It will 
 be seen from what 
 has been said that 
 Mr. Archer is inter- 
 ested in every good 
 work and is liberal 
 of his means and of 
 his strength in the 
 promotion of what- 
 ever tends to the 
 welfare of the com- 
 munity. He has a beautiful home overlooking the 
 Hoosac Valley, opposite old Saddle Mountain, in which, 
 with books, pictures, music and flowers, he finds relief 
 from the exacting cares of business. Aside from the 
 office of selectman, Mr. Archer has never been in- 
 duced to accept any political honors, his many other 
 duties having kept him fully occupied. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Archer have been blessed with six children, five of whom 
 are living. 
 
ADA.ns. 
 
 S77 
 
 JAMKS C. CHALMERS, of Adams, one of the lead- 
 ing manufacturers of that town, was born in Barr- 
 head, Renfrewshire, Scotland, Sept. 9, 1840. He comes 
 of sturdy family, whose name is a familiar one in Scot- 
 tish annals, his parents being John and Janet Pollock 
 Chalmers. The subject of this sketch came, with his 
 parents, to America in the year 1849, and settled in the 
 thriving town of .Adams. He attended the public 
 schools of that place until he was fourteen years of age. 
 His first e.xperience 
 in business affairs 
 was obtained in the 
 offices of \\'illiam 
 Pollock, of \ d a m s, 
 and L. Pomeroy's 
 Sons, of Pittsfield, 
 where he was e m- 
 ployed for some 
 time. In .Vpril, 
 1857, Mr. Chalmers 
 entered the employ 
 of the Taconic Mills, 
 Pittsfield, and re- 
 mained with that 
 corporation, doing 
 faithful work, until 
 September, 1862, 
 when he enlisted in 
 the Thirty-seventh 
 Regiment of Massa- 
 chusetts Volunteers, 
 which did splendid 
 service with the 
 Army of the Poto- 
 mac. Mr. Chalmers 
 participated in nu- 
 merous engage- 
 ments, and was se- 
 verely wounded in 
 the Battle of the 
 
 Wilderness, May 6, 1864. In July of the same year 
 Mr. Chalmers received his discharge for disability, hold- 
 ing at that time the rank of first lieutenant. In Sep- 
 tember, 1864, Mr. Chalmers again entered business life, 
 this time in the office of William Pollock, of Adams, and 
 in May of the following year became a partner in the 
 firm of William Pollock & Co., cotton manufacturers of 
 .\danis. On the death of Mr. Pollock, which occurred 
 in 1866, the partnership was dissolved, and in May, 
 
 JAMES C. CHALMERS. 
 
 1867, the Renfrew Manufacturing Company was incor- 
 porated, with Mr. Chalmers as the first treasurer. At 
 the beginning the corporation had a capital stock of 
 one hundred thousand dollars, which was afterwards 
 increased from time to time until it reached fifteen 
 hundred thousand dollars in 1884, and a magnificent 
 business was built up. For many years the Renfrew 
 Manufacturing Company has been one of the greatest 
 industries of the town, and has won and maintained an 
 
 enviable reputation 
 in the business 
 world. In February, 
 1885, Mr. Chalmers 
 resigned the office of 
 treasurer, which he 
 had held for eighteen 
 years, and was elected 
 vice-president of the 
 corporation, which 
 position he still re- 
 tains. He is in many 
 respects a remark- 
 able business man, 
 strong alike as one 
 of the heads of a 
 great corporation, 
 and in his faithful 
 attention to the de- 
 tails of a large busi- 
 ness. In June, 1865, 
 Mr. Chalmers mar- 
 ried the eldest 
 daughter of Judge 
 H. J. Bliss, of .\dams, 
 and they have no 
 children. "While 
 naturally the best 
 work of Mr. Chal- 
 mers's active life thus 
 far, aside from his 
 army record, has been given to the corporation with 
 which he is connected, he has still recognized the claim 
 of good citizenship in innumerable ways. For two 
 years he was chairman of the Board of Assessors of 
 Adams, and for ten years has been one of the town 
 auditors. In both of these positions he has performed 
 service of a high order, and his business talents have 
 been of great value to the town. In politics Mr. 
 Chalmers is a Republican. 
 
S/S 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WILLIAM BROWN PLUNKETl' was born, April 
 2, 1850, in the town of Adams, and is the son 
 of William C. and Louisa B. Plunkett. He was edu- 
 cated in the schools of his native town and at the 
 Munro Collegiate Institute at Elbridge, N. V. When 
 he became of age he entered into partnership in the 
 firm of Plunkett & Wheeler, cotton warp manufacturers, 
 and later another firm was formed to manufacture cot- 
 ton warp, under the name of ,\V. C. Plunkett &. Sons, in 
 which the subject of 
 this sketch was also 
 a partner. In 1879 
 M r . Plunkett was 
 chosen manager and 
 treasurer of the 
 Greylock Mills for 
 the manufacture of 
 ginghams at Grey- 
 lock, North Adams, 
 and under his con- 
 trol the plant has 
 increased from two 
 hundred looms, in 
 1880, to six hundred 
 looms in 1892. In 
 1882 the mill at 
 A r n o 1 d s V i 1 1 e was 
 bought of Henry 
 Millard, and in 1887 
 was consolidated 
 with the (Ireylock 
 plant, u n (1 e r the 
 name of Greylock 
 Mill, No. 2. About 
 five hundred hands 
 are employed at 
 mill No. I, and 
 about one hundred 
 and twenty-five at 
 mill No. 2. In 1879 
 
 W. C. Plunkett & Sons bought the Adams Paper Mill in 
 .\dams, removed the machinery for the manufacture of 
 paper, and placed in its stead machinery for the manu- 
 facture of cotton goods. .This mill was subsequently 
 burned, and next the Berkshire Cotton Manufacturing 
 Company was established in 1889, and Mr. Plunkett 
 was chosen treasurer and manager. 'I'he company 
 erected a large mill containing thirty-five thousand 
 spindles, which was completed in 1890. and another 
 
 mill, containing forty-one thousand spindles, which was 
 completed in 1892. These factories turn out fine 
 sateens and lawns, and are being operated with marked 
 success. In 1884 Mr. Plunkett's father died, and Mr. 
 Plunkett became the senior member of the firm of W. 
 C. Plunkett & Sons, which now consists of William B. 
 Plunkett and his younger brother, Charles. In addition, 
 as has been stated, Mr. Plunkett is the treasurer and 
 manager of the Berkshire Cotton Manufacturing Com- 
 
 pany, and of the 
 Greylock Mills, and 
 more than one thou- 
 sand seven hundred 
 people are employed 
 under his direction, 
 while the capital 
 employed is more 
 than one million 
 six hundred thou- 
 sand dollars. He is 
 also president of the 
 Greylock National 
 Bank of Adams, and 
 a director in the 
 Berkshire M u tual 
 Life Insurance Com- 
 pany of Pittsfield, 
 and in the Berkshire 
 Mutual Fire Insur- 
 a n c e Company of 
 Pittsfield, and in 
 several Boston com- 
 panies. Mr. Plun- 
 kett is an earnest 
 anil infltiential mem- 
 ber of the Republi- 
 can party, and in 
 1892 was a delegate 
 to the National Con- 
 \ention at Minne- 
 apolis. .Mthough often requested to accept office at the 
 hands of his fellow-citizens, he has uniformly declined, 
 owing to the demands upon his time of the great busi- 
 ness interests in his keeping. Mr. Plunkett is not only 
 a man of great ability, capal)le of successfully conduct- 
 ing the financial interests in his charge, but he has also a 
 striking ]iersonal appearance, being over six feet four 
 inches in height, and jiossessing the impressive features 
 of a man of marked force and individuality. 
 
 WILLIAM; B. PLUNKETT. 
 
ADAMS. 
 
 579 
 
 JAMES RENFREW, JR. 
 
 MANY years ago, when the raw material that is 
 produced in the sunny cotton fields of the 
 South had to be transported to England, manufactured 
 and brought back to supply the American market, busy 
 l.)rains were at work solving the problem of making the 
 same goods within our own domain. In the success 
 that afterwards attended these efforts, the town of Adams 
 has secured and deserved a full share, and it is one of 
 her most successful makers of cotton goods that is the 
 subject of this brief biographical sketch. The Renfrew 
 Gingham Works has a reputation that extends to the 
 four corners of civilization, and to many of the remote 
 places of the earth, on account of the excellence as 
 well as the usefulness of its chief product. James 
 Renfrew, Jr., of .Adams, one of the most ingenious, 
 important and substantial of the cotton manufacturers 
 of the United States, was born in Scotland, the land 
 of sterling mechanical genius, in 1840. He attended 
 school in that country, and came to ."Kmerica in 1849, 
 when he was nine years of age. Here he attended the 
 district schools, and later took an academic course. 
 For about five years, after having completed his school- 
 ing, Mr. Renfrew was a book-keeper in the employ of 
 the 'I'aconic Mills Company, in Pittsfield : but nearly 
 all his business life has been spent in .\dams, where he 
 has practically resided since 1850, in which year he 
 selected that town as his home. Mr. Renfrew first 
 began cotton manufacturing in 1864. A brief sketch 
 of his business career since that time to the present. 
 
 when he is the treasurer and manager of the great Ren- 
 frew (lingham Works, of Adams, a corporation with 
 a capital of 5i, 200,000, and giving employment to hun- 
 dreds of hands, would seem to be appropriate in a 
 summary of the active life of Massachusetts of to-day. 
 In 1864 he first became superintendent of William 
 Pollock's warp mill, and later was admitted to partner- 
 ship in the concern. In 1866, after Mr. Pollock's death, 
 the Renfrew Manufacturing Company was formed, tak- 
 ing Mr. Renfrew's name. He was first appointed agent 
 and manager of the new corporation, and afterwards 
 elected treasurer, the office which, in conjunction with 
 that of manager, he at present holds. In addition to 
 his active duties in connection with the manufacturing 
 company, Mr. Renfrew is president of the First National 
 Bank of .Adams, and he is also president of the Holyoke 
 \\'arp Company, of Holyoke, Mass. In politics Mr. 
 Renfrew is a Republican, but has never held public 
 office, the absorbing cares of business occupying much 
 of his time. His family consists of a wife, daughter and 
 son. In the roll of successful Berkshire manufacturers 
 the name of James Renfrew, Jr., stands among the 
 highest. He has brought to his chosen work those 
 (pialities that have made the New England manufacto- 
 ries at the same time the wonder and the admiration of 
 the commercial world. His life has been pre-eminently 
 a useful one, and hundreds of prosperous employees 
 and his standing in the world of commerce attest the 
 luialities of the man. 
 
GRKKNFIELD, the shire town of Franklin County, is a daughter of Deerfield. Bounded on the north by 
 Kernardston and Lyden, on the west by Shelburne, on the south by Deerfield, and on the east by the 
 Connecticut River and Gill, the town contains about lyi square miles and 11,325 acres. It is both a progressive 
 and conservative town. The last census shows that it has about 6,500 inhabitants, and these inhabitants justly 
 pride themselves that no town in the .State with an equal number of residents surpasses (Ireenfield in churches, 
 schools, libraries, water supply, sanitary im])rovements, streets, sidewalks, well-kept lawns, local government, or in 
 enterprising merchants, careful farmers and level-headed manufacturers. 
 
 The town also prides itself on its natural beauty. The hills of Shelburne, Colrain, Bernardston, Deerfield 
 and other towns are delightful to look upon, and are picturesque in all seasons. Over one hundred carriage 
 drives lead into or surround the town. The beautiful Green River murmurs through the lovely meadows, and in 
 the northeast part of the town the little stream known as Fall River, creeps among the hills and valley and mingles 
 its waters with those of the noble Connecticut. Just east of the village a ridge of trap rock runs parallel with the 
 Connecticut. This ridge is about two hundred feet higher than the plains at the west on which the main portion 
 of the town is situated, and from this easy rise, at Poet's Seat, where there is an observatory about thirty feet high, 
 or at the Sachem's Head, the southerly point of the ridge, the eyes rest upon as beautiful scenery as can be found 
 anywhere in the State, not even barring the famous Berkshire Hills. 
 
 Nine churches adorn Greenfield : the First and Second Congregational, the Third Congregational or 
 Unitarian, the Church of the Holy Trinity (Roman Catholic), St. James Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal, the 
 Baptist, the German Methodist and the German Lutheran. 
 
 There is an excellent high school and the grammar, intermediate, primary and district schools are admira- 
 bly kept up, the town last year e.xpending over $20,000 on education. The Prospect Hill School for young 
 ladies is under the charge of Rev. James C. Parsons, a Unitarian clergyman of high standing. 
 
 There are two public libraries, the Greenfield Library Association, with about 9,500 volumes, and the Free 
 Town Library, with about 7,500 volumes. 
 
 I'he town has three national banks, with a capital of $500,000 and a surplus of $160,000 more. The 
 Franklin Savings Institution was incorporated in 1834, and its assets amount to $3,539,676. The Greenfield 
 Savings Bank was incorporated in i86g, and its assets amount to $1,750,000. The Interstate Mortgage and 'i'rust 
 Company has a capital of Si 00,000. 
 
 There are prosperous electric light and gas light comjianies, with the stock owned almost entirely at home, 
 and before many vears thev will probablv be owned by the town. 
 
 Among the numerous and diversified manufacturing industries are two shoe firms that together employ 
 about 350 hands; iron and steel works that give employment to 300 more ; silversmithies that employ 150 more, 
 and mmierous other smaller manufactories. 
 
 The railroad facilities of Greenfield are much superior to those of most inland towns. The Fitchburg 
 Railroad with two tracks runs east and west, with ten passenger trains in each direction and low rates for shippers. 
 The Connecticut River Railroad has two tracks running south and one running north, and preparations for build- 
 ing the second track north are well under way, and the passenger service in each direction is excellent. The 
 town has several excellent hotels and two very beautiful cemeteries. The jail and house of correction is a fine 
 structure, located about a mile out of the village. 
 
 It is only natural that the shire town should be the political centre. All the important county conventions 
 are held in (Greenfield. The offices of the judge and register of probate, clerk of courts, register of deeds and 
 countv commissioners are in the court house. 
 
GREENFIELD. 
 
 581 
 
 NAHUM S. CUTLER, of Greenfield, was born 
 in Vernon, \'t., April 7, 1837, and is therefore 
 in his fifty-sixth year. His father, Zenas, was a native 
 of Wilmington, \'t., and his great-grandfather was 
 one of the first settlers in Guilford, \'t. Mr. N. S. 
 Cutler was educated in the common schools of Ber- 
 nardston, Mass., and in the Goodale Academy and 
 Powers Institute of the same town. His father at that 
 time owned the Connable farm, and the minority of the 
 subject of this sketch 
 was spent on the 
 farm, except two 
 winters when he 
 taught in the public 
 schools. On coming 
 of age, he began 
 mercantile life by 
 working as a clerk 
 in a retail shoe store 
 in Springfield. This 
 position he held for 
 three years. At this 
 time his brother en- 
 listed in the Forty- 
 sixth Regiment and 
 went to the front, 
 and N. S. Cutler 
 took his interest in 
 the firm of Cutler & 
 Warner, retail boot 
 and shoe dealers. 
 The firm increased 
 their business, and a 
 large wholesale and 
 jobbing trade was 
 established. Later 
 on, Mr. Warner sold 
 his interest, and the 
 firm name became 
 Cutler, Mcintosh & 
 
 Co. For nine years Mr. Cutler remained in the firm 
 and then withdrew for the purpose of establishing a shoe 
 factory at Bernardston. He purchased the Dr. John 
 Brooks place, and the enterprise was successful from 
 the start, and in 1880 he was employing from thirty 
 to sixty-five persons. For the purpose of acquiring bet- 
 ter business facilities, in 1880 he decided to remove and 
 locate in Greenfield. He began in Warner's Building 
 on Olive Street, with fifty employees and a product not 
 
 NAHUM S. CUTLER. 
 
 exceeding one hundred and fifty to two hundred pairs 
 of shoes per day. Mr. .^Ipheus F. S. Lyons, the super- 
 intendent of the factory, was presented with an interest, 
 and later, when more capital was needed, Mr. D. C. G. 
 Field, a former president and manager of the John Rus- 
 sell Cutlery Company, became a partner in the firm. 
 During the past twelve years there has been a steady 
 and rapid growth of the business, until now the firm 
 owns and occupies one of the finest brick shoe factories 
 
 in Western Massa- 
 chusetts, employing 
 two hundred and 
 fifty people, and 
 producing from fif- 
 teen hundred to 
 eighteen hundred 
 pairs a day. In 1888 
 Mr. Cutler was elec- 
 ted a member of the 
 Massachusetts 
 House of Repre- 
 sentatives, and was 
 re-elected the fol- 
 lowing year. He 
 served on the com- 
 mittees on Towns 
 and Labor, and ren- 
 dered, as he always 
 does, thorough and 
 conscientious service 
 to the State. In 
 1 89 1 Mr. Cutler was 
 elected chairman of 
 the selectmen of 
 Greenfield, and re- 
 elected \v 1892. 
 He is also a director 
 in the Franklin 
 County National 
 Bank, and the 
 Greenfield Electric Light Company. Socially, Mr. Cut- 
 ler is a genial, hospitable gentleman, a great lover of the 
 fine arts especially, and he can be counted upon to aid 
 by voice and purse every movement that tends to the 
 happiness and prosperity of the communily in which he 
 lives. He was married, Nov. 24, 1864, to Miss Hattie 
 I. Hoyt, a charming lady. They have one son, Henry 
 H. Cutler, and one daughter, who is now Mrs. Harry W. 
 Kellogg. 
 
582 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 JAMES SKVMOUR (IRINNELL, of Greenfield, the 
 son of the late Hon. (leorge Grinnell, comes from 
 good stock and has honored the family name by good 
 work in other lines besides his profession. Korn in 
 Greenfield, July 24, 182 1, Mr. Grinnell is consecjuently 
 in his seventy-second year, but notwithstanding this fact 
 is as active as men twenty years younger, and his 
 acquaintance in the county, State and nation is proba- 
 
 of his labors there returned to (Jreenfield to dexote 
 himself to his aged parents. His father died the fol- 
 lowing year, and Mr. Grinnell then became the represen- 
 tative of a family which has been honored and respected 
 for so many years. In 1882 Mr. Grinnell was elected 
 State senator as a Democrat in a county that is strongly 
 Republican, and his party has since honored him and 
 itself by nominating him for Congress, for lieutenant- 
 
 bly wider than that of any other native of his county. go\ernor and for treasurer and receiver-general. Presi- 
 
 Graduated at Am- 
 herst College in 1842, 
 he studied law in the 
 office of Grinnell & 
 Aiken and at the 
 Har\ard Law School. 
 He was admitted to 
 the bar in 1846 and 
 opened an office in 
 Greenfield, and also 
 had an o ffi c e in 
 Grange. He soon 
 had a valuable office 
 practice and became 
 ])rominent in many 
 court and jury cases. 
 A keen student all 
 his life of agricultural 
 problems he has been 
 not merely a theoret- 
 ical but a practical 
 farmer and an au- 
 thority on crops as 
 well as law. In 1861 
 Governor .-Andrew 
 commissioned h i ni 
 major of the " Old 
 Te nth" Regiment, 
 but family and civil 
 duties prevented [his 
 going to the front. 
 
 In 1862 he remoxed to Washington, I) C, having been 
 appointed chief clerk of the .Agricultural Department, 
 for which position his previous studies, experience and 
 natural tastes had well fitted him. Here he remained 
 three years and then became chief clerk of the i'atent 
 Office, 'j'his place he held ten years, and probably 
 this office was never more ably filled. In 1S76 Mr. 
 Grinnell was one of the judges of agricultural imple- 
 ments and machinery at the Centennial, and at the close 
 
 JAMES S. GRINNELL. 
 
 dent Cleveland like- 
 wise recognized the 
 sterling merits of 
 Mr. (Irinnell and ap- 
 pointed him one of 
 the visitors to the 
 National Naval .Acad- 
 emy at Annapolis, 
 Md., the only office 
 which Mr. (Irinnell 
 would accept from 
 the administration. 
 Mr. Grinnell has been 
 one of the trustees 
 and vice-president of 
 the Massachusetts 
 .Agricultural College 
 for twelve years, and 
 many years a mem- 
 ber of the State 
 Board of Agriculture. 
 Mr. Grinnell is now, in 
 the absence of the 
 governor, the pre- 
 siding officer of the 
 board. In this con- 
 nection it is worthy 
 of note that in .Mr. 
 Grinnell's library of 
 six thousand vol- 
 umes, over two thou- 
 sand treat of agriculture. Mr. Grinnell has twice been 
 married. His first wife was Miss Anne E. Stannard, of 
 Fredericksburg, ^'a. She died in 1857, two years after 
 their marriage, leaving no children. In 1879 Mr. 
 (Irinnell and Mrs. Anne Katherine Denison were mar- 
 ried in Greenfield. Mrs. (Irinnell is a da\ighter of the 
 late John Russell and sister of Ex-Congressman John 
 K. Russell, of Leicester. Mr. and Mrs. Grinnell ha\e 
 no children. 
 
GREENFIELD. 
 
 Si 
 
 LEVI |. (lUNN, of Greenfield, was born in Conway, 
 Mass., on the 2d of June, 1830. His parents 
 were Levi and Delia (ninn, both of good New England 
 stock. The father was a blacksmith by calling, and that 
 trade the son learned thoroughly during the summer 
 seasons, attending in the winters of his boyhood the 
 village schools and later the widely known academy at 
 Shelburne Falls, of which Professor Pratt was the prin- 
 cipal. .After this came the period of sterner and harder 
 work. For several 
 years the young man 
 was with the Con- 
 way Tool Company, 
 and when that cor- 
 poration moved t o 
 G r e e n fi e 1 d Mr. 
 Gunn also located 
 in the siiire town. 
 This was in 1852, 
 and the next ten 
 years of Mr. Gunn's 
 working hours were 
 passed in the employ 
 of that company. 
 For a portion of that 
 time Mr. Gunn and 
 C. H. .Amidon held 
 the contract for mak- 
 ing all the tools made 
 by the company. 
 Such a contract in 
 those days of course 
 was regarded as one 
 of considerable mag- 
 nitude. Up to the 
 time when these 
 young men took upon 
 themselves this busi- 
 ness responsibility, 
 the work had been 
 
 done wholly by hand. The enterprising contractors 
 changed this, and by introducing machinery of their own 
 devising did the work much cheaper than formerly. Thus 
 it can be truthfully said that in this branch of industry 
 Gunn and Amidon were pioneers. They were destined 
 soon to reap the benefit of their talents, for in 1S68 
 the firm of Gunn i.'v: .Amidon was organized; a factory 
 was built near the place that is now known as Cninn & 
 Amidon Pond, situated in the north of Greenfield, and 
 
 LEVI J. GUNN. 
 
 a successful business established. It was at this time 
 that Henry L. Pratt took a third interest in the com- 
 pany and the splendid water power on the Miller's 
 River was purchased. The burning of the Greenfield 
 factory simply hastened matters, for The Miller's Falls 
 Company was immediately organized, and from that 
 time until now it has had an increasingly successful 
 business. \Vhen one reflects that this company gives 
 employment to two hundred and fifty persons, and that, 
 
 while the sales last 
 year amounted to 
 $375,000, over $100- 
 000 was paid out in 
 wages, it becomes 
 evident not only that 
 the business is well 
 managed, but that 
 the rates of wages 
 are comparatively 
 V high, and that Mr. 
 
 Mt/m Gunn's employees 
 
 ^tHl are well treated, a 
 
 point of fundamen- 
 tal importance in the 
 life of any man who 
 aspires to be a true 
 success. Mr. Gunn 
 has been treasurer 
 of the company from 
 its organization ; has 
 kept his residence 
 in Greenfield and 
 has served the town 
 as assessor and se- 
 lectman. In 1885 
 and 1886 Mr. Gunn 
 was elected State 
 senator, and ser\ed 
 on the committees 
 on the Hoosac Tun- 
 nel and .Manufactures. In 188S and 1889 he was 
 elected a member of the governor's council and served 
 on the Hoosac Tunnel and Pardon committees. He 
 is a director in the Franklin County Bank and a trustee 
 and member of the Board of Investment of the 
 Greenfield Savings Bank, and has held other positions 
 of trust. He was marrietl to Miss Esther C. Graves, 
 in .Sunderland, Oct. 5, 1853, and they have one son, 
 L. Walter Gunn. 
 
THE town of Orange, in Franklin County, was incorporated Feb. 21, 1810, and the first town meeting was held 
 April 2, 1810. The taxable area of the town comprises twenty thousand two hundred and ninety-seven 
 acres, and it measures in length about fifteen miles from northeast to southwest, and varying in width from three 
 to ten miles. It is pleasantly situated on the banks of Miller's River, on the main line of the Fitchburg 
 Railroad, eighty-six miles from Boston and one hundred miles east of Troy, N. Y., and eight miles from the 
 New Hampshire line, and twelve miles from \erraont. Orange is known far and wide on account of its thrifty 
 and successful manufacturers. The New Home Sewing-\[achine Company leads this shining list, employing a 
 force of six hundred men. Next is J. B. Reynolds, the shoe manufacturer, who keeps three hundred people satis- 
 factorily emploved. The Rodney Hunt Machine Company employs about two hundred men, as also does the Chase 
 Turbine Manufacturing Company. The National Key and Box Company has two hundred and twenty-five people, 
 the Orange Furniture Company, one hundred, and the J.eavitt Machine Company nearly as many. Hence it can 
 readily be figured that the leading manufacturers of the town employ fifteen hundred and twenty-five men, and as 
 the kind of manufacturing in Orange demands skilled labor in every department, the town is benefited by having 
 a thrifty and industrious class of citizens, who, as a rule, own the homes they occupy. The town put in sewers in 
 1 89 1, and the following year a complete system of water works was established. Five hundred thousand dollars 
 was expended for new buildings in 1892, which included one hundred and six dwelling-houses, a Congregational 
 Church, a (irand Army Memorial Hall, Masonic Temple and three business blocks, besides large additions to the 
 New Home Sewing-Machine factories. The valuation of the town is about three million dollars, and is increasing 
 about one quarter of a million each year. 'I'he town and vicinity support over fifty stores, five hotels, seven 
 churches of various denominations, and two weekly papers. Secret orders thrive there, and no less than twenty-five 
 have thrifty organizations, the Masons and Odd Fellows having a membership of about two hundred each and 
 both possessing palatial quarters. 
 
 The citizens of Orange have always been awake to the importance of good schools. Modern and substan- 
 tial school buildings have been erected, as soon as they were needed. The high school and the Cheney Street 
 buildings on the " South Side," built of brick with brownstone trimmings, are fine examples of educational 
 architecture. 
 
 The town has been very liberal in appropriations for the support of schools, and it has each year granted 
 without opposition the full amount estimated as necessary for their maintenance. The School Committee has been 
 fortunate in having secured in the past a long line of excellent teachers — many of them with normal training — 
 who have by earnest and faithful work raised the standard and given a standing to the schools of Orange of which 
 the people are very jiroud. For several years the town, taking advantage of the generous State law, has united 
 with two smaller towns in forming a union district, and emjiloyed a superintendent of schools. The results of this 
 plan in securing uniformity of work and other benefits which naturally follow a more careful supervision than is 
 possible under a committee system, have been, on the whole, very satisfactory. 
 
 A large and well-equipped high school has been maintained by the town for many years. A three and a 
 four years' course of study is provided, and every possible effort is made to induce pupils to seek, after graduation, 
 the advantages of higher education. The common schools, which are carefully graded, are following out a plan of 
 work which requires nine years to complete. Pupils are regularly promoted each year, and admitted to high school 
 on a scholarship certificate from the ninth grade. The regular attendance on these schools has been high, the 
 average based on the average membership being ninety-four per cent. 
 
 'I'o the men whose brief sketches follow this brief account should be given the full credit of the jirosperity 
 which the town is enjoying. They are the heads of the concerns who employ the labor of the town, and they go 
 hand in hand with their employees in the laudable ambition of making Orange a good place to live in, socially 
 as well as financially. 
 
ORANGE. 
 
 585 
 
 w 
 
 II.LIAM L. (iROUT, one of the pioneer sewing- almost daily, until he had a flattering offer to move his 
 machine manufacturers of the world, is one of plant to Canada. This he did, and there made the 
 
 the three owners of the New Home sewing-machine 
 plant at Orange. Born in Winchendon, Mass., the son 
 of Lewis Grout, a sturdy New England farmer, he spent 
 his boyhood on a farm, and received the ordinary dis- 
 trict-school education. A half century ago, from the 
 age of eighteen to twenty-five years, he labored in his 
 native town and vicinity in wood-working shops, much 
 of the time as fore- 
 man, and, during his 
 twenty-fifth year be- 
 came a partner in 
 the business. At that 
 age he began the 
 manufacture of sew- 
 ing-machines in his 
 native town. In 
 those days the man- 
 ufacture of sewing- 
 machines was con- 
 sidered folly. He 
 received no words of 
 encouragement from 
 his townspeople, and 
 capital turned its 
 back on what it 
 thought was a "wild- 
 cat" scheme, which 
 could originate only 
 in the brain of a 
 school-boy. This 
 did not discourage 
 Mr. Grout, who was 
 born with a positive 
 disposition. He de- 
 clared, in 1857, that 
 a sewing-m a c h i n e 
 would be made to 
 do family and all 
 
 kinds of sewing successfully, and which could be sold at 
 a price so low that every woman in America could have 
 one as a pleasant divider of her toil, thus making her 
 burdens lighter. In 1858 he formed a partnership 
 with Thomas White, and moved the business to Tem- 
 pleton, Mass. Here the output increased so rapidly 
 that thev were forced back to Winchendon for the sake 
 of better transportation facilities. There Mr. Grout 
 became sole proprietor, and increased the business 
 
 WILLIAM L. GROUT 
 
 "G" sewing-machine, well known during the "sixties." 
 He continued the manufacture of that machine until 
 about 1870, when he became associated with the New- 
 Home Sewing Machine Company, of which he is now 
 one of the owners. His first idea about the New 
 Home sewing-machine was to introduce it in Europe. 
 In this he was highly successful ; he made sixteen trips 
 
 across the Atlantic, 
 and visited every 
 principal place in 
 the Old World, estab- 
 lishing a trade that 
 the company is en- 
 joying to-day. Mr. 
 Grout was acting 
 superintendent 
 of the New Home 
 sewing-machine fac- 
 tory during the years 
 of labor troubles, and 
 among his six hun- 
 dred employees the 
 best feelings always 
 prevailed. There 
 was never a strike or 
 demand for more 
 wages in the New- 
 Home factories, 
 w h i c h is to Mr. 
 Grout's credit in 
 common with the 
 company. Mr. Grout 
 is pleasantly situated 
 at his home in 
 Orange. He likes 
 
 t 
 
 good horses, and at 
 his stock farm he 
 has half a dozen that 
 can "road" in less than 2.50, including his favorite 
 stallion, Cohannet, who has a record of 2.17. In 1856 
 Mr. Grout married Ellen Hemenway, of Barre, Mass., 
 and they have seven children, — \\illiam I.., Jr., Frank 
 L., Fred E., Charles B., Carl A., Mrs. Willard A. Graves 
 and Mrs. Everett L. Sw-an. Mr. Grout is president of 
 the Orange Co-operative Bank. He is a Democrat, 
 refused a nomination for Congress in 1888, and has 
 never accepted public office. 
 
586 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 Lli\'l KILBURN, the present treasurer and a director 
 of the Chase Turbine Manufacturing Company, of 
 Orange, was born in Winchendon, Mass., Jan. 29, 1816, 
 the third of eight children of John and Esther Kilburn. 
 Mr. Kilburn was employed till twenty-one in the pursuit 
 of education, under difficulties, school being taught but 
 eight weeks in the year. During this time he assisted 
 his father in farming and running a saw-mill. At twenty- 
 one, with the savings of his boyhood's labors, he, with 
 his brother John, 
 bought the old home - 
 stead and mill, estab- 
 lished the firm of 
 J. & L. Kilburn, and 
 entered the bus- 
 iness of sawing lum- 
 ber and the manufac- 
 ture of chair stock. 
 He continued in the 
 firm until 1841, when 
 he sold his interest, 
 moved to Gardner, 
 !Mass., and entered 
 the employ of I.. 
 Heywood, chair man- 
 ufacturer. He stayed 
 there a year and a 
 a half, and then took 
 charge for that com- 
 pany of a chair man- 
 ufactory at Temple- 
 ton, Mass., where he 
 remained until 1849. 
 He then moved to 
 Orange and entered 
 upon an engagement 
 with Davis it Kil- 
 burn, chair and fur- 
 niture manufacturers, 
 for whom he man- 
 aged the business until 1852. \Vhen the factory was 
 destroyed by fire that year Mr. Kilburn began the man- 
 ufacture of chairs on his own account, and in 1855 he 
 sold out and joined Hamilton Holt, of Worcester, in 
 the lumber business. Mr. Kilburn staying in Orange, 
 the firm did a good business until i860, when Mr. 
 Kilburn took the management of a chair factory on the 
 site of the present Chase Turbine Manufacturing Com- 
 pany's shops. For the benefit of the creditors of White 
 
 LEVI KILBURN 
 
 & French, in 1862 he organized the firm of L. Kilburn 
 & Co., with Richard French and G. E. Poland as part- 
 ners. Mr. Poland retired in 1868, and L. E. Holmes 
 was admitted as a partner. For several years the com- 
 pany did a flourishing business, employing about one 
 hundred and twenty-five men in the factory, besides 
 nearly three hundred people about the town who placed 
 the cane bottoms and backs in the chairs. From 1867 
 until 1873 L. Kilburn & Co. operated a furniture factory 
 
 in connection with 
 their chair factory. 
 In 1867 Kilburn & 
 Co. became inter- 
 ested in the Turbine 
 \Vater Wheel Com- 
 pany, now the Chase 
 'I'urbine Manufactur- 
 ing Com])any. Mr. 
 Kilburn was then 
 made treasurer, a po- 
 sition he holds to the 
 present time. In 
 1868 the chair fac- 
 tory was destroyed 
 by fire, and its site 
 was covered the fol- 
 lowing year by a fac- 
 tory of the Chase 
 Turbine Manufactur- 
 ing Company- This 
 company employs 
 about two hundred 
 men, and turns out 
 water wheels, shingle 
 mills and general mill 
 machines. In 1840 
 
 Mr. Kilburn married 
 
 Isabel R., daughter 
 of Obadiah Walker, 
 of Winchendon. In 
 1890 the happy couple celebrated their golden wedding 
 and received a warm reception from their townspeople 
 and friends. Mr. Kilburn in politics is a Democrat, 
 and in religion a Universalist. He is one of the founders 
 of the Orange Savings Bank and one of its trustees. 
 He was also interested in the organization of the Orange 
 National Bank, and is one of its present Board of Di- 
 rectors. Mr. and Mrs. Kilburn reside in a jjalatial home 
 on High Street. 
 
ORANGE. 
 
 587 
 
 JOHN WILSC^N WHEELER, of Orange, is a native 
 of that town, and has always resided there, with 
 the exception of a year or two spent in Fitchburg. He 
 was born Nov. 20, 1832, the second of nine children of 
 \Vilson and Catherine (Holmes-Warden) Wheeler, and 
 his only education was obtained in the public schools. 
 For a year or two after his majority he worked as a 
 carpenter; from 1856 to 1862 he was employed in a 
 general store in Orange ; then, for a few months' time 
 he was occupied in 
 the claim agency 
 business ; and from 
 1863 to 1867 was 
 engaged in mercan- 
 tile business on his 
 own a cc ou n t. In 
 this year, at the age 
 of thirty-five, Mr. 
 Wheeler associated 
 himself with others, 
 and became engaged 
 in the manufacture 
 of sewing-machines, 
 under the firm name 
 of .-X. F. Johnson & 
 Co. Two years 
 later, in 1869, a cor- 
 poration was organ- 
 ized, known as the 
 "Gold Medal Sew- 
 ing-Machine C o m - 
 pany." In 1882 the 
 corporate name was 
 changed to " The 
 New Home Sewing- 
 Machine Company," 
 and the business has 
 grown from its small 
 beginnings till it now 
 employs nearly six 
 
 hundred men, and turns out nearly four liundred finished 
 machines a day. From the start, Mr. \Vheeler has been 
 the financial manager and one of the controlling spirits 
 of this enterprise. In January, 1881, he was elected 
 trustee of the Orange Savings Bank, and fi\ e years later 
 was made president, which position he now holds. He 
 has been one of the directors of the Orange National 
 Bank since June, 1880, and in January, 1888, was elected 
 vice-president. In January, 1889, he was elected direc- 
 
 JOHN W. WHEELER. 
 
 tor in the (lossard Investment Company, located in 
 Kansas City, Mo. In December, 1890, Mr. Wheeler 
 was elected president of the Worcester Northwest Agri- 
 cultural and Mechanical Society at Athol, Mass., and in 
 1 89 1 was elected president of the Boston Mutual Life 
 .Association of Boston. In 1892 he was chosen direc- 
 tor in the LTnited Coal Company at Denver, Col. In 
 politics Mr. Wheeler is a Republican, and has been 
 called by his fellow-citizens to positions of responsibility 
 
 and honor. From 
 I 8 6 I to 1867 he 
 served as town clerk, 
 in 1866 was one of 
 the selectmen of the 
 town, and in 1876 
 was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Legisla- 
 ture. In 1 888 he 
 was one of the dele- 
 gates to the National 
 Republican Conven- 
 t i o n at Chicago 
 which n o m i n a t e d 
 President Harrison. 
 He is a prominent 
 Mason, was one of 
 the founders of 
 Orange Lodge, or- 
 ganized in 1859, was 
 its first secretary, af- 
 terwards its treas- 
 urer, and was also 
 a charter member 
 and first treasurer of 
 Crescent Royal Arch 
 C'hapter- organ- 
 ized in 1884. Mr. 
 Wheeler was married 
 in Orange, Oct. 9, 
 1856, by Rev. Hosea 
 Ballou, to .\lmira E., daughter of Daniel and .\lmira 
 (Porter) Johnson. 'Three children have been born of 
 this union, but only one survives, — Marion L., wife of 
 John B. Welch Mr. ^Vheeler resides about a mile from 
 Orange \'illage, on his "Grand View Farm," where, 
 while still closely attending to business, he finds 
 recreation in breeding fine horses and cattle, to which 
 pleasant and interesting occupation he de\otes a large 
 share of his leisure time. 
 
S88 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 AI.PHEUS HARDING, son of Rev. Alpheus and 
 Sarah Bridge Harding, was born in New Salem, 
 Mass., Jan. 12, 1818. His father was a settled minister 
 in New Salem more than forty years, and especially 
 prominent in connection with the academy, the public 
 schools and the general educational interests of his 
 time. Alpheus, Jr., was fitted for college in the acad- 
 emy at New Salem, and entered Amherst College in 
 1833, leaving the next year, on account of sickness. In 
 1835 he entered a 
 store as clerk and 
 
 continuedfor _ 
 
 twenty-one years in 
 mercantile life in 
 Worcester and 
 Franklin counties, 
 till 1856. During 
 this time he was ten 
 years postmaster of 
 New Salem, and 
 served the town 
 about the same 
 length of time as 
 town clerk and treas- 
 urer, also serving at 
 various times as 
 chairman of the 
 boards of selectmen, 
 assessors and over- 
 seers of the poor. 
 He was a member of 
 the House of Repre- 
 sentatives from New 
 Salem in 1851-52, 
 taking part in the 
 long and memorable 
 struggle which re- 
 sulted in the elec- 
 tion of Charles Sum- 
 ner to the United 
 
 States Senate for the first time. He again represented 
 New Salem in the Legislature of 1853, took part in the 
 formation of the Free-soil party and acted with it till 
 the formation of the Republican party, of which he has 
 been an ardent supporter to the present time. Since 
 1856 he has been a member of the Board of Trustees 
 of New Salem Academy. In 1856, having received the 
 appointment of cashier of the Miller's River Bank of 
 Athol, Mass., he removed to that town, where he still 
 
 ALPHEUS HARDING 
 
 resides, .^fter serving as cashier for eleven years the 
 bank was changed to a national bank, under the name 
 of the Miller's River National Bank of Athol, Mass., and 
 Mr. Harding was made president, an office which he still 
 holds, having served as president twenty-six years. 
 In 1863 and 1867 he represented the towns of .-^thol 
 and Royalston in the Legislature, serving both years on 
 the Committee on Railroads. While a member of the 
 House, in 1867, he obtained a charter for the Athol Sa\- 
 
 ings Bank, an insti- 
 tution which com- 
 menced business in 
 1867, and now has 
 deposits of nearly 
 two million dollars. 
 Mr. Harding was its 
 treasurer till January, 
 1892, when he be- 
 came president. In 
 1879 and 1880 Mr. 
 Harding was a sen- 
 ator from the Fourth 
 Worcester District, 
 serving the first year 
 on the committees 
 on Hanks and Bank- 
 ing, and Labor, and 
 the second year as 
 chairman of the 
 committees on Banks 
 and Banking, and 
 pjducation, and a 
 member of the Com- 
 mittee on Towns. 
 In June, 1880, he 
 was a delegate to 
 the National Repub- 
 lican Convention. 
 He was married in 
 1842 to Maria 1'. 
 Taft, of Dudley, Mass. Their surviving children are : 
 Ella M., who married Colonel A. L. Newman, late pres- 
 ident of the National Bank of the Commonwealth, Bos- 
 ton, and William B., secretary of the Chemical Paper 
 Company of Holyoke. Mr. Harding, in connection 
 with several other prominent citizens of Athol, feeling 
 the need of a liberal church in that community, assisted 
 in the formation of the Second Unitarian Church, which 
 has developed into a useful and successful organization. 
 
THE healthy, picturesque and progressive town of Palmer is situated on the main line of the Boston & Albany 
 Railroad, fifteen miles from Springfield, and is about equally divided in its industrial interests between 
 manufacturing and agriculture. The town proper is really a collection of four small \iliages, the larger of which 
 is Palmer Depot, in the location above described. The population of these combined villages in 1892 exceeded 
 6,500. The other villages of the quartette are Thorndike, Three Rivers and Bonds\ille. 
 
 John King, who established himself on the site of the present centre of the town about the year 17 17, was 
 in all probability the first of the early settlers of Palmer. At least there are no records to show any priority of 
 claim to this honor. Mr. King's sons and daughters, of w-hom he had about a dozen, for it was the fashion of our 
 ancestors to have as many children as possible, according to the scriptural saying, " Blessed is the man who 
 hath his quiver full of them," settled with him along the north side of the Quaboag River, forming a settlement 
 that afterward became known as King's Row, although the whole town was called Kingstown, or Kingsfield, at a 
 later date. The town was formally settled ten years later than the above date by a company of Scotch-Irish emi- 
 grants, although their claim to the land was disputed. The settlers finally petitioned the Legislature for a grant 
 of the land ; a commission was appointed by that body, and grants were made to forty-four people. These people 
 were constituted the proprietors of the town, with power to take and divide any land in the town which was not 
 otherwise pre-empted. With the granting of the land there was levied a tax, which, although only amounting to 
 about six hundred and thirty dollars, or four cents an acre, the inhabitants were unable to pay on account of their 
 extreme poverty, and sought relief by a petition to the Legislature. This tax was finally divided into four parts, and 
 the settlers succeeded in paying it. Almost with the first settlement of the town a very respectable tavern was built, 
 and the town has not been without a hostelry since that day. 
 
 In 1735 the inhabitants of the town made their first attempt at organization, but their petition to the 
 Legislature to be set off as a town failed of passage. The place was incorporated as a district in 1752, 
 and became a town in 1786, under the law which granted that right for all places that had been made 
 districts prior to 1777. It was about this time that the place was christened by its present title, Lieutenant- 
 Governor Spencer Phipps bestowing the name Palmer in honor of a relative who had died a short time before in 
 Scotland. The growth of the town has been comparatively slow, but its citizens ha\e ne\er lacked in ])atriotism, 
 and it is recorded that in the Revolutionary War some Palmer men fought for their country, while the town 
 furnished its share of volunteers in the War of the Rebellion. Their valor has been commemorated by the erec- 
 tion of a fine Memorial Hall. The main portion of the town forms the chief business-rmtre, and it is htre that 
 the Palmer National Bank, established in 1875, and the Palmer Savings Bank, incorporated in 1870, are located. 
 The churches and schools of Palmer have kept pace with the growth of the community, while the town has many 
 other improvements to its credit. 
 
 Up to the year 1S24 the principal business was the pursuit of agriculture, although, as was common in many 
 other places, there was a grist mill or two before that year. Several different industries were started a year or two 
 before, Init none flourished for a great length of time. In 1824 the Palmer Manufacturing Company located in 
 Three Rivers, but failed four years later. In 1832 the plant was started in the manufacture of common white 
 cotton goods, which later gave way to the making of fancy dress goods. The Thorndike Company, located in the 
 village of the same name, began operations in 1837, and has continued ever since in the manufacture of cotton 
 ticks and stripes, while the Boston Duck Company, which was organized in 1844, is engaged in the manufacture 
 of sail cloth and ducking. A good grade of Brussels carpet is also made in the town, and the future of Palmer as 
 a business nucleus and a magnetic point for population is assured. 
 
S90 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ORRIN PEER ALLEN is a native of Wallingford, 
 \'t., where he was born Sept. 30, 1833. He is 
 descended in the eighth generation from the emigrant, 
 Hope Allen, a currier of Boston in 1651, through Edward-, 
 Edward^, Nathaniel'', Joseph"', Robert'', Robert'. His 
 mother, Eliza Paine Doolittle, is descended in the sixth 
 generation from the emigrant, Abraham Doolittle, who 
 came probably from County Bedford, England, about 
 1638, and was one of the influential settlers -of New 
 Haven, through 
 John-, Rev. Ben- 
 jamin', Amzi'', Ros- 
 welP. He is also 
 descended from John 
 Howland and John 
 TuUey of the " May- 
 flower," and other 
 noted early families 
 of New F; n g 1 a n d, 
 among which may 
 be named those of 
 Cofifin, C h i p m a n, 
 Cady, Cook, Burt, 
 Bartlett, Barnard, 
 Gardner, Knap]), 
 Lee, Philbrick, Skiff, 
 Strong, Todd and 
 Winter. Mr. Allen 
 completed his educa- 
 tion at Chester Acad- 
 emy, Vt., where he 
 won an enviable po- 
 sition as a student. 
 During his course of 
 study there he taught 
 school in the towns 
 of Windham, Caven- 
 dish and \'ernon, 
 Vt. After graduating 
 he taught school for 
 
 some time in Hackensack, N. J. He was for several 
 years superintendent of schools in Vernon, Vt., and 
 resigned the office on his removal from the State. He 
 came to I^almer, Mass., Oct. 5, 1859, where he com- 
 menced the Imsiness of pharmacy, in which he has 
 since continued. He evinced in early life a decided 
 taste for literary pursuits, and his course of reading has 
 been unusually extensive, ranging thnjugh nearly all 
 departments of literature, and embracing the classics, 
 
 ORRIN P. ALLEN 
 
 poetry, history and various sciences. He commenced 
 writing for the press at the age of fifteen and has con- 
 tinued to contribute to numerous publications since. 
 He has been engaged for several years in preparing 
 genealogies of the Allen, Cady, Doolittle, Scott and 
 allied families, soon to be published. He is a member 
 of the New England Historic Cenealogical Society of 
 Boston, the Potumtuck ^'alley Memorial Association of 
 Deerfield, and local secretary of the Connecticut Valley 
 
 Historical Society of 
 .Springfield. He has 
 never sought office, 
 yet has been called 
 to fill manv places of 
 trust. He is secre- 
 tary and treasurer of 
 the Eastern Hamp- 
 den Agricultural So- 
 ciety, which position 
 he has held for sev- 
 enteen years, and he 
 has been for many 
 years a trustee of the 
 Palmer Savings Bank. 
 He was for several 
 years superintendent 
 of the Sunday-school 
 connected with the 
 Second Congrega- 
 tional Church of 
 Palmer, and contin- 
 ues to be clerk of 
 both the same church 
 and ])arish. He was 
 one of the prime 
 movers in the found- 
 ing of the Voung 
 Men's Library .Asso- 
 ciation of Palmer, 
 having since been 
 one of its trustees, and for many years its librarian. In 
 1883, when the history of Palmer was projected, he was 
 selected by the town as one of the Publishing Commit- 
 tee, of which he was the chairman, and de\oted much 
 time to the collecting of material for the same until its 
 completion in 1889. Mr. Allen takes a lively interest 
 in all the progressive mo\'ements of his town, in the 
 futheranre of which he is ahvax's reach' to lend .n hclii- 
 ine hand. 
 
PALMER. 
 
 591 
 
 CHARLES L. <;ARDNKR, son of Klishaand Elvira 
 (S])rague) ( lardner, was born in Cummington, 
 Hampshire County, Mass., May 27, 1839, where the 
 early years of his life were spent. He attended the 
 public schools of that town and the academy at Ashfield. 
 .After studying law in the office of the late judge S. '!'. 
 Spaulding, a leading lawyer of Hampshire County, at 
 Northampton, he was admitted to the bar in that city, 
 in 1867. He entered upon the practice of his profes- 
 sion at Palmer, where 
 he has since resided, 
 having become asso- 
 ciated with the late 
 Judge James G. .-Mien, 
 under the firm name 
 of Allen iS; (Gardner. 
 This firm was dis- 
 solved in 187 o, 
 since which time Mr. 
 (iardner has prac- 
 tised alone, his field 
 covering many of the 
 towns of Hampden 
 Count y, including 
 .Springfield, the 
 county seat. He 
 was appointetl a 
 trial justice for 
 Hampden County 
 soon after his admis- 
 sion to the bar, and 
 held that position 
 until the establish- 
 ment of the district 
 court at Palmer in 
 I872. He has a 
 large and successful 
 practice and is con- 
 sidered one of the 
 leading lawyers in 
 
 the county. Mr. dardner is a Republican in politics and 
 or years has been prominent in the councils of that 
 party, having been called to many positions of honor and 
 trust. In 1875 ^"d 1876 he was a member of the lower 
 branch of the Legislature serving from the Second Dis- 
 trict. During both years he was a member of the 
 Judiciary Committee and, the second year, of the Joint 
 Special Committee on Constitutional Amendments. In 
 1878 and 1879 he was a State .senator, serving both 
 
 CHARLES L. GARDNER. 
 
 years on the Judiciary Committee, where his legal train- 
 ing was of great value. On retiring from the Senate 
 he was elected a member of the Republican State Com- 
 mittee and continued in that office two years, acting 
 on the Executive Committee. He received the appoint- 
 ment of assistant internal revenue assessor and held 
 that office until it was abolished. In 1886 he became 
 a member of the Board of Trustees of the State Primary 
 and Reform schools, but declined a re-appointment at 
 
 the expiration of his 
 term on account of 
 the demands of pri- 
 vate business. In 
 the general election 
 of 1892 he was 
 elected to the dis- 
 trict attorneyship of 
 the Western District, 
 comprising the coun- 
 ties of Hampden 
 and P)erkshire, an 
 office with a term of 
 three years. In lo- 
 cal affairs Mr. (iard- 
 ner has always been 
 ipiite prominent. 
 He has been an 
 officer in the Palmer 
 Savings Bank most 
 of the time since its 
 organization and 
 was for several years 
 its president. For a 
 score of years he has 
 been closely identi- 
 fied with t)ie inter- 
 ests of the town and 
 has always been influ- 
 ential in promoting 
 its growth and pros- 
 perity. Soon after taking up his residence in Palmer, 
 Mr. (Gardner married Esther E. Cilmore, of Monson, a 
 daughter of Nathaniel Cilmore, formerly a leading citi- 
 zen of Stafford, Conn., now deceased. They ha\e two 
 children, Charles (iilmore (iardner and Edwin Sprague 
 (iardner. .Mr. (iardner's services to his district and to 
 the Commonwealth have been of such value as to gain for 
 him the attention and the res]iect of men of all political 
 parties. 
 
592 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 WILLIAM WILSON LEACH was born in Mon- 
 son, Mass., Feb. 22, 1856, and resided tiiere 
 during his youth and school-days. Since his graduation 
 from college, in 1S80, he has been a resident of Palmer, 
 Mass. His parents were Willard and Lavilla M. I.each, 
 the former being a native of Vermont and the latter a 
 descendant of one of the very earliest settlers of Mon- 
 son. Mr. Leach spent the care-free days of boyhood on 
 a small farm, and his early life was that of the average 
 New England farmer 
 boy, with the usual 
 advantages for edu- 
 cation that are 
 afforded by the com- 
 mon schools of the 
 neighborhood. After 
 a course in the com- 
 mon schools of the 
 town he entered 
 Monson Academy, 
 from which he was 
 graduated in 1876. 
 His course in the 
 academy was fol- 
 lowed by a course 
 of study in Tufts 
 College at Medford, 
 from which institu- 
 tion he was gradua- 
 ted in 1880. Upon 
 the completion of 
 his college studies 
 he entereel the law 
 office of Charles L. 
 Gardner, in I'almer, 
 and was admitted to 
 practice at the |_bar 
 of Hampden County 
 
 in March, 1883. He 
 has been associated 
 
 with Mr. Ciardner since that time, and has been very 
 successful in his profession. In his political affiliations 
 Mr. Leach is a stanch Republican, and is one of the 
 most prominent members of the party in Hamjiden 
 County. In the course of his work for the party he 
 was chairman of the Republican Town Committee of 
 Palmer for the five years from 1883 to 188S, and again 
 in 1890. His work as the head of the working wing of 
 the party, in this town, was especially successful, and 
 
 WILLIAM W. LEACH. 
 
 won much favorable commendation. In 1889 he was 
 elected to the House of Representatives of the Massa- 
 chusetts Legislature, and during his membership in that 
 body he did excellent service for the people on a num- 
 ber of important committees. He was House chairman 
 of the Committee on Labor, a member of the Com- 
 mittee on Rules, and also of the special committee 
 appointed during the session to investigate the publica- 
 tion of the Province laws. During his term in the 
 
 House Mr. Leach 
 proved himself to be 
 a ready debater and 
 one of the ablest 
 representatives 
 which the district, 
 that had chosen him 
 as its standard- 
 bearer, ever pos- 
 sessed. Indeed, he 
 jtf^ (f was so highly re- 
 
 ■^^m garded that, in 1892, 
 
 when the Republi- 
 cans of the Second 
 Senatorial District 
 wanted a candidate 
 to run for senator 
 against one of the 
 most popular Demo- 
 crats in this section, 
 they turned to Mr. 
 Leach, and he, un- 
 doubtedly, could 
 have had the nomi- 
 . nation, but he with- 
 drew from the field 
 because his law [lart- 
 ner was a candidate 
 for the office of dis- 
 trict attorney. He 
 also holds several 
 important ( ivil offices. He is president of the Palmer 
 Co-operative Bank, and secretary and trustee of the 
 Palmer Savings Bank. He is also secretary and trustee 
 of the Young Men's Library Association. Mr. Leach 
 was married, on Aug. 12, 1884, to Ellen E. Sutcliffe, a 
 very popular teacher in the public schools of Monson 
 and Palmer, Mass., and his home-life is as attractive to 
 contemplate as has been his public and professional 
 record. 
 
PALMER. 
 
 593 
 
 W 1 1. LARD HADLEY STOWE was born in Mor- 
 ristown, Lamoille County, \'t., June 22, 1S44, 
 the son of Solomon and Ursula G. Stowe, his early boy- 
 hood being spent on his father's farm, while his school- 
 ing was attained by attendance at the district schools. 
 Later he entered the People's Academy in Morrisville, 
 where he paid for his tuition by taking care of the 
 building and ringing the bell, and, like many other 
 scholars, he boarded himself in order to save expense. 
 During the winters 
 he taught school to 
 provide himself with 
 books and clothes, 
 the first term, during 
 the winter of 1862 
 and 1863 receiving 
 seventeen dollars per 
 month and the priv- 
 ilege of "boarding 
 around " as payment 
 for his services. His 
 life, up to the age of 
 twenty-one, was 
 passed in this man- 
 ner. At that age he 
 entered the LIni\er- 
 sity of Vermont, 
 where he spent two 
 years in the study of 
 medicine, and then 
 graduated from the 
 liellevue Hospital 
 College, of New 
 York, on March 2, 
 1869. Having thus 
 acquired the title of 
 M. D., he began prac- 
 tice in Gilbertville, 
 Mass., and remained 
 there for six years, 
 
 giving up a lucrative business to establish himself in 
 Palmer, where he has since practised his profession 
 with eminent success, being considered one of the best 
 physicians in that section. Dr. Stowe is not wedded, 
 save to the profession he so ably represents, but man- 
 ages to extract a great deal of pleasure out of life. He 
 is a Prohibitionist, and has often had the honor of an 
 offer of election to various civil and political offices, but 
 
 entire energies to the alleviation of human suffering. 
 He has been a member of the Eastern Hampden Med- 
 ical .'Association since its organization in 1880, and was 
 its president at one time. He is also a Mason, having 
 joined the order in 1865. Dr. Stowe is a close and 
 progressive student, and takes much pleasure in his 
 books and considerable pride in the fact that he has 
 the largest private library in the town of Palmer. He 
 is a liberal thinker and ready writer, and has contributed 
 
 many papers to the 
 local press on ques- 
 tions of the day and 
 on natural history. 
 Outside of his pro- 
 fession he devotes 
 considerable time to 
 the Young Men's Li- 
 brary Association, of 
 which he is president 
 at the present time 
 and of which he is a 
 charter member. 
 This organization is 
 one of the leading 
 features of the town, 
 and has comfortable 
 and spacious quarters 
 in the recently 
 erected memorial 
 hall, which, by the 
 way, Dr. Stowe was 
 largely instrumental 
 in having built. He 
 has bestowed a great 
 amount of time and 
 no little monev on 
 this association, 
 which has helped to 
 bring it to a very 
 flourishing condition 
 from an exceedingly small beginning. He has done 
 even more than that, for he has recently given to the 
 society his large and valuable collection of Indian relics, 
 historic crockery, pamphlets, books and curios, among 
 which are many choice things of local interest that can- 
 not be duplicated. Dr. Stowe's reputation as a man of 
 science is regarded in Palmer as public property, of 
 which the citizens of the town have every reason to be 
 
 WILLARD H. STOWE. 
 
 has steadfastly refused them all, preferring to devote his proud. 
 
THE fame of the town"of Monson rests literally upon a foundation of granite, for while the town is essentially 
 a manufacturing community the name Monson has become inseparably associated with the crystalline 
 mineral which finds its way to all parts of the country. The stone is of several distinct varieties and is used 
 almost entirely in the construction of buildings and walls, although latterly it has become very popular for monu- 
 mental work. It is found in various tints. There is a beautiful light mottled grey, that resembles marble when 
 finished, a mottled white and a handsome dark blue. The stone is largely used in Hampden County and neighbor- 
 ing sections, while nearly all of the public buildings in Monson are constructed of it. 
 
 Monson is located in the southeastern part of Hampden County, and covers a territory about forty miles 
 square. The town was originally a part of Brimfield, and its first stated settlement was in October, 1657, when Richard 
 Fellows was granted a tract of two hundred acres along the Chicopee River, in the northern part of the present 
 town. With the grant there was a condition — that Fellows should establish, and run for a period of seven years, 
 a tavern for the entertainment of man and beast. He did not keep the latter agreement, however, for the Indians 
 became so troublesome that he had to take his departure from the place, although for some reason or other he did 
 not forfeit his claim. This settlement by Fellows was fifty years prior to the permanent one, which was made by 
 Robert Olds, one of the original proprietors of the town of Brimfield. Others were gradually attracted to the 
 place on account of the richness of the soil, and the settlement became so strong that on June 7, 1757, the people 
 petitioned to be set off as a district. The district was incorporated April 25, 1760. Monson was incorporated as 
 a town Oct. 20, 1775, starting in upon its new life with forty-nine families within its precincts. The growth of the 
 town since that time has been slow but healthy, until in 1890, according to the United States census, there were 
 3,650 people in the town. 
 
 The present town is one of those pretty New England villages whose praises are so often sounded. It lies 
 in a narrow valley with low ranges of hills on its eastern and western boundaries, which give it just enough of the 
 rural to offset the manufacturing of the town proper. Outside of the quarrying of granite the principal industries 
 of the town are in the manufacture of woollen and straw goods — industries that have thrived for many years. 
 There are many points of interest in the town, not the least of which are its several memorial buildings. The 
 largest of these is the Memorial Hall, which was erected in 1884 at a cost of $40,000. The hall is used also as a 
 town hall, and was jointly built by public and private subscription. In the hall are memorial tablets on which are 
 inscribed the names of the one hundred and fifty-five townsmen who enlisted in the War of the Rebellion, while 
 they are again honored by a handsome granite monument, which stands on a green plot in the centre of the town. 
 The other building referred to is the Horatio Lyon Memorial Library, a handsome building, erected at a cost of 
 §35,000, and having an endowment from the donor of $20,000 more. Other features of town are the memorial 
 fountains presented by S. F. Cushman and W. N. Flynt, and the fine park that is being developed by the latter. 
 The town is particularly strong in its banking institutions also. The Monson National Bank was incorporated in 
 1854 and reorganized in 1864, while the Monson Savings Bank, which was incorporated in 1872, had deposits of 
 nearly $700,000 in 1892. 
 
 The churches and schools of the town have also attained a very high standard. As early as 1765 the town 
 appropriated Si 00 for educational purposes, an amount that has been greatly increased in these later years. The 
 ]jrincipal educational institution of the town is the Monson Academy, which enrolls among its alumni many of the 
 prominent men of the State and country. The academy was incorporated June 21, 1804, with the endowment of 
 a half township in Maine under the act relating to academies, passed by the Legislature of 1797. The town 
 erected the building, and jirivate parties have since contributed a liberal endowment. 
 
MONSOAL 
 
 595 
 
 SOLOMON FRANCIS CUSHMAN, one of the 
 leading woollen manufacturers of the Bay State, 
 was born in Monson, Me., Nov. i8, 1826, although 
 more than half of his life has been spent in the town 
 of his adoption. His parents were Solomon and Har- 
 riet (Adams) Cushman, who were among the earliest 
 settlers of the town of his birth. Mr. Cushman himself 
 is a direct descendant of Robert Cushman, being of the 
 eighth generation. Mr. Cushman's early school-days 
 were spent in the 
 public schools of the 
 town, and later in 
 the academy in the 
 same place, although 
 he is not a graduate 
 of any institution. 
 As a young man he 
 worked on a farm 
 and in the lumber 
 camps of his native 
 State, but upon at- 
 taining his majority 
 accepted a place in 
 a store in the town 
 of his birth. For 
 the next five years he 
 retained this clerk- 
 ship, following with 
 two years of similar 
 work in the village 
 of Three Rivers, a 
 part of the town of 
 Palmer, Mass. In 
 1856 he took up his 
 residence in Mon- 
 son, Mass., and has 
 resided there contin- 
 uously since that 
 time, being one of 
 the most important 
 
 factors in the development of the town. During the 
 first ten years of his residence there he acted as book- 
 keeper for the Monson Woollen Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, but in 1866 he acquired an interest in the 
 business, and the partnership thus formed was con- 
 tinued with eminent success for twelve years. In 1878 
 Mr. Cushman became the sole proprietor of the con- 
 cern, and he has since conducted its affairs in company 
 with his sons, the business being run under the title of 
 
 SOLOMON F. CUSHMAN 
 
 S. F. Cushman & Sons. The same [ability to manage 
 and improve, which characterized Mr. Cushman's work 
 for the old Monson Company, shows itself only to 
 a greater degree in the new concern and also seems 
 to be inherent in his sons. So successful has been 
 the business that the original mill has been supple- 
 mented by another, both being engaged in the man- 
 ufacture of woollen goods. Mr. Cushman has been an 
 ardent promoter of Monson's weal, and is prominently 
 
 identified with the 
 town's leading in- 
 stitutions and all 
 matters of local 
 importance. Mr. 
 Cushman is a public- 
 spirited citizen of 
 unusual calibre, and 
 among other things 
 presented the town 
 with a handsome 
 granite drinking 
 fountain. Mr. Cush- 
 man has always been 
 a steadfast Republi- 
 can and has often 
 been elected to 
 office. His latest 
 honor was his elec- 
 tion to the State 
 Senate over one of 
 the most prominent 
 Democrats in his 
 district. He was 
 also a member of the 
 State House of Rep- 
 resentatives in 1 88 1 
 and in 1883. In 
 both branches of the 
 Legislature Mr. 
 Cushman was a very 
 useful member. He also served as selectman. He is 
 now president and director of the Savings Bank, vice- 
 president of the National Bank, treasurer of the Public 
 Library, and a trustee of the academy. In 1852 he 
 married Candace Brown Packard, of Monson, Me., who 
 died in 1890. They had seven children, Edward D., 
 Rufus P., Solomon Fred, Hattie F., Thaddeus L. and 
 Robert H., who still live, and Francis A., who died in 
 childhood. 
 
596 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 EDWARD FRANKLIN MORRIS, eldest son of 
 Deacon George Flynt Morris and Sarah (Morse) 
 Morris, was born in Monson, July 25, 1S40. He comes 
 of an ancient and honorable English family, being of the 
 eighth generation in lineal descent from Edward Mor- 
 ris of Waltham Abbey, County of Essex, England, who 
 emigrated to this country and settled at Roxbury, 
 Mass., in 1 65 2. Mr. Morris was married at Easthampton, 
 Mass., Oct. 25, 1865, to Louise J. Clapp, adopted 
 daughter of Isaac K. 
 Clapp of that town. 
 Four children have 
 been born to them, 
 of whom three are 
 living. They are 
 Alice Amelia Morris, 
 Louise Morris and 
 Edward Lyman Mor- 
 ris. Mr. Morris re- 
 ceived his education 
 in t h e c o m m o n 
 schools of his native 
 town and at Monson 
 Academy, pursuing 
 at the latter the Eng- 
 lish and scientific 
 courses. For a short 
 time after leaving the 
 academy he taught in 
 one of the outside 
 districts of the town. 
 In 1857, then being 
 nearly seventeen 
 years of age, he was 
 employed as a clerk 
 in the Monson Bank, 
 which was at that 
 time under the cash- 
 iership of Jonathan 
 Ralph Flynt, where 
 
 he remained over six years, leaving there to become 
 book-keeper in the Agawam Bank, Springfield. The 
 cashiership of the Monson Bank becoming vacant soon 
 after, he was chosen to the position and entered upon 
 his dtities April i, 1864, a position he still holds. Early 
 in 1864 the bank was re-organized under the National 
 Currency Act, it being one of the first banks in this 
 vicinity to take that step. In 1872 the Monson Sav- 
 ings Bank was incorporated, and the directors of his 
 
 EDWARD F. MORRIS. 
 
 own bank consenting, he was persuaded to accept the 
 treasurership of the new institution, to which position 
 he was elected and which he still holds. For twenty- 
 one years the two banks occupied the same quarters, 
 but the Savings Bank will soon occupy separate banking 
 rooms. Mr. Morris has always given close attention to 
 the demands of business, social and family life, and 
 while seeking to be a useful citizen, has never been an 
 aspirant for public honors. Aside from his bank con- 
 nection, he has filled 
 many private posi- 
 tions of trust. He 
 has been a faithful 
 alumnus of Monson 
 Academy, h n v i n g 
 been a trustee for 
 about twenty-four 
 years, the most of 
 the time being treas- 
 urer, a member of its 
 Standing Committee 
 and secretary of its 
 alumni association. 
 He has also been a 
 member of the Con- 
 gregational Church 
 for t h i r t y-s even 
 years, thirty as treas- 
 urer, twenty-three as 
 a deacon, and seven 
 as Sunday-school 
 superintendent. In 
 all movements calcu- 
 lated to advance the 
 moral and material 
 interests of Monson, 
 Mr. Morris has been 
 a prominent factor. 
 He was instrumental 
 in the establishment 
 of a free public reading room and in its development 
 later into a free public library, at present one of the 
 prominent features of the town. He was also largely 
 instrumental in securing the fine memorial building, 
 which the library occupies, and its endowment. He 
 has been a trustee of the library since its organization. 
 Mr. Morris was for years an active Mason, being wor- 
 shipful master of Day Spring Lodge for two years, and 
 is also a Royal Arch Mason. 
 
THF2 town of Melrose was incorporated in 1850. 'I'he territory originally belonged to Charlestown, which was 
 settled in 1629, and was a very extensive region in those days, for it included Maiden, Woburn, Stoneham, 
 Burlington, Somerville, a large part of Medford, and a small part of Cambridge and Reading. Difficulties con- 
 cerning the boundaries of the several towns arose early, and were settled by the Cleneral Court. When Maiden 
 became a town, in 1649, all its northern part (now Melrose) was a tract of over two thousand acres of undivided 
 land, and it came to be known as the " Commons." It was very desirable both as woodland and pasturage. This 
 land was divided among seventy-four freeholders of Maiden, and the choice of lots was drawn by lot, from which 
 method of procedure in early days arose probably the expression "a lot of land." In later years this territory 
 became known as North Maiden, and so remained until 1850, when, after several legislative hearings, and a long 
 struggle, an act incorporating the town of Melrose was approved by (lovernor George N. Briggs. Three years 
 later, in 1853, after another severe contest, a part of Stoneham was set off to Melrose, giving the town the greater 
 part of what is now known as the Highlands, and making Melrose to comprise about three thousand five hundred 
 square acres. The name Melrose was adopted at the suggestion of William Bogle, a native of Melrose, Scotland, 
 who claimed that the town much resembled the one across the Atlantic, celebrated for its Abbey and made 
 famous by Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 .-Mthough Melrose is a young town, her territory has been occupied for more than two centuries, and there 
 are houses there, or parts of them, more than two hundred years old. Among the ancient families were the 
 Lyndes, the (Greens, the Uphams, the Barretts, the Spragues, the Howards and the Vintons. The Lyndes 
 formerly owned nearly all the southerly part of Melrose, and were descended from Ensign Thomas Lynde, who 
 came to Maiden soon after its incorporation. The old Lynde homestead is now more than two hundred years 
 old. The ancestor of all the Greens in Melrose was Thomas Green, who settled in Maiden as early as 1651, and 
 who owned a farm of sixty-three acres at the Highlands. The Barretts are also one of the oldest Melrose fami- 
 lies. Deacon Jonathan Barrett, son of James, who was born in Maiden in 1644, and grandson of James, who 
 first settled in Charlestown in 1635, came to Melrose about the year 1705. 
 
 About the year 1813 the first preaching service was held in the old district school-house, which stood on 
 what is now Lebanon Street. In 1815 a Methodist Episcopal church was formed, and in 1848 the Orthodox 
 Congregational church was organized. The Universalist church was organized in 1849, and Trinity Church in 
 1857, and ten years later the Unitarian Congregational church was formed. In 1873 a Roman Catholic church 
 was established, the pastor having purchased the old Baptist church edifice. The Catholics have recently erected 
 a very beautiful church in Wyoming. 
 
 The first town meeting was held May 10, 1850, and the officers elected were Jeremiah Martin, Isaac Emer- 
 son, Jr., and Artemas Barrett, selectmen : Elbridge (keen, town clerk ; Isaac Emerson, treasurer and collector ; 
 .Aaron Green, S. L. Taylor and William J. Farnsworth, assessors; Henry A. Norris, Caleb Howard and Elbridge 
 Green, School Committee. The town then had a population of only 1,260, and the valuation was $483,446. 
 Within the past ten years, however, the town has made rapid strides in wealth and population, the population 
 being nearly, if not quite, 10,000, and there is some talk of its becoming a city within the next five years. It is 
 not a manufacturing town, but a place of residence for men who do business in Boston, and they find it a quiet 
 and healthy locality in which to make their homes. The town has fine public schools, a handsome town hall and 
 beautiful churches. The supply of water is taken from Spot Pond, and the streets and public buildings are lighted 
 with electricity. There are more than one hundred trains to and from Boston each day, and there are horse and 
 electric street railroads. The town will soon have a complete system of sewerage, and the citizens have shown 
 their truly progressive instincts by voting that the town~should own and operate its electric light plant, 
 
598 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 B MARVIN FERNALD was born in Great Falls, 
 . N. H., Feb. 14, 1847. He was prepared for 
 college at Phillips Acadamy, Ivxeter, N. H., after which 
 he entered Harvard College and was graduated in the 
 class of 1870. He soon after decided to become a 
 member of the legal profession, and with this object in 
 view he entered the law office of Judge Joseph F. Wig- 
 gin and was admitted to the bar in 1873. A partner- 
 ship was very soon formed, and the firm became Wiggin 
 & Fernald, and they 
 are still in partner- 
 ship and do an ex- 
 tensive business, 
 having an office on 
 State Street, l-Soston. 
 In 1874 Mr. Fernald 
 was married to Miss 
 (irace Fuller, daugh- 
 ter of Richard F. 
 Fuller, of Boston, 
 and they have one 
 child, a daughter of 
 fifteen. Mr. Fernald 
 moved to Melrose in 
 1875 and began to 
 take an active inter- 
 est in everything that 
 pertained to the wel- 
 fare and prosperity of 
 the town. He has 
 f r e ([ u e n t ly been 
 urged to accept ofifice 
 in the town, but has 
 declined because he 
 wished to devote his 
 whole time to his 
 business. Being, 
 however, an ardent 
 Republican in poli- 
 tics, he was naturally 
 
 forced to serve the town as chairman of the Republican 
 Town Committee, and he was for two years a member 
 of the State Central Committee. He was elected to 
 the Legislature in 1881 and 1882 and was a member of 
 the House Judiciary Committee. He was also a chair- 
 man of the Committee on Taxation, and he framed the 
 bill which exempts from double taxation mortgages on 
 real estate. This measure was of vast importance to 
 property holders. During the following ten years he 
 
 B. MARVIN FERNALD 
 
 held no political ofifice, but when it again became the 
 right of the town to name a candidate for State senator, 
 the Republicans of Melrose were of one mind and heart 
 in selecting Mr. Fernald, and he received the unani- 
 mous nomination at the Senatorial Convention. He 
 was elected by a large majority. He served in the 
 Senate in 1891 and 1892, and was chairman of the 
 Judiciary Committee, one of the most important com- 
 mittees of the Legislature. He was also made chairman 
 
 of the Committee on 
 Constitutional 
 Amendments, the 
 Committee on Public 
 Reservations a n d 
 the Committee on 
 Insolvency. He is 
 now chairman of the 
 committee appointed 
 to revise the judicial 
 system of the Com- 
 monwealth, which 
 committee is to make 
 its report to the 
 next legislature. Mr. 
 Fernald is connected 
 with many of the 
 social organizations 
 of Melrose, being a 
 member of the Hugh 
 d e P ay e ns Com- 
 niandery. Knights 
 Templar, the 
 Waverly Royal Arch 
 Chapter, the Wyo- 
 ming Lodge and the 
 Melrose Council. 
 He is also a member 
 of the Melrose Ath- 
 letic Club and the 
 Highlands Club, two 
 very popular organizations of the town. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Congregational church. (^)uiet and retiring 
 in his disposition, he cares little for notoriety, and 
 the public offices he has held were not of his own seek- 
 ing. His ability and i)rudence as a legislator have won 
 the esteem of his fellow-citizens, and his services will 
 probably be sought for in the future in some honored 
 capacity, for the mass of work which he has done for 
 his district is the kind which practical men appreciate. 
 
MELROSE. 
 
 599 
 
 LEVI SWANTON GOUl.D, son of Dr. Levi Gould 
 and Elizabeth Webb (Whitmore) Gould, was born 
 at Dixmont, Me., March 27, 1834. His ancestors were 
 John Gould, an inhabitant of Charlestown in 1635, 
 probably the first settler of Stoneham, Mass., and Fran- 
 ces Whitmore, ancestor of the Whitmore and Wetmore 
 families, who was one of the earliest selectmen of Cam- 
 bridge, and who died there in 1685. When he was six 
 months old the parents of l.evi S. Gould moved to 
 Stoneham, Mass., the 
 native place of his 
 father, and in 1843 
 the family settled at 
 North Maiden, now 
 Melrose, where it 
 has since resided. 
 He was educated in 
 the public schools of 
 North Maiden, and 
 at Waitt's and In- 
 galls' academies in 
 Melrose. Early in 
 life Mr. Gould 
 learned the shoe- 
 making trade, and 
 worked at the bench 
 in North Maiden, 
 where, according to 
 the custom of the 
 time, he would make 
 up a lot of shoes, 
 pack them in a bag 
 purchased for the 
 purpose, carry them 
 on his back to Stone- 
 ham, two miles away, 
 receive his pay and 
 a new lot of stock, 
 and return for an- 
 other season of work. 
 
 In 1850 he obtained a position in a wholesale house in 
 Boston, and in 1857 was a clerk with Alexander Leitch, 
 a prominent druggist in St. Louis. When Lincoln was 
 elected President Mr. Gould received an appointment 
 in the office of the secretary of the treasury at Wash- 
 ington, and was later in the navy agent's office in Bos- 
 ton. In 1866 he became connected with F. M. Holmes 
 & Co., furniture manufacturers of Boston, and in 1878 
 became junior partner. He retired in 1889, since which 
 
 LEVI S. GOULD 
 
 time he has not been in active business. During the 
 sessions of 1868 and 1869, Mr. Gould was representative 
 in the General Court, the district including Melrose, 
 Wakefield and Stoneham. He was first elected select- 
 man of Melrose in 1869, and he has been chairman of 
 the board since 1884. Seventy times he has been 
 elected moderator of town meetings, which, together 
 with the adjournments, make one hundred and thirty- 
 one meetings over which he has presided. He has 
 
 been four times wor- 
 shipful master of 
 W y o m i n g Lodge, 
 F. and A. M., of 
 Melrose, and is con- 
 nected with the 
 Chapter Command- 
 ery of Hugh de Pay- 
 ens and Consistory, 
 thirty-second degree. 
 Mr. Gould was presi- 
 dent of the New 
 England Furniture 
 Exchange in 1883 
 and 1884, and of the 
 Furniture Club of 
 Boston in 1886, and 
 was for six years a 
 member of the Bos- 
 ton Executive Busi- 
 ness Men's Associ- 
 ation as a delegate 
 from the New Eng- 
 land Furniture Club. 
 He is also a director 
 of the Melrose Na- 
 tional Bank. Mr. 
 Gould has resided in 
 Melrose for the past 
 forty years, where he 
 has always been 
 known as an earnest Republican politician. On his six- 
 tieth election as moderator, in November, 1890, his 
 fellow-citizens, in town meeting assembled, unanimously 
 passed a highly complimentary set of resolutions, and 
 presented him with a silver pitcher and a beautiful 
 gold badge, to be worn on all public occasions. Mr. 
 Gould is a member of the Society of the Sons of the 
 .\merican Revolution, his great-grandfather having been 
 a minute-man at Lexington. 
 
6oo 
 
 MASSAC/IUSETrS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 DANIEL RUSSELL, son of Daniel and Mary W. 
 Russell, was born in Providence, R. L, July i6, 
 1S24. Educated in the public schools of Providence, 
 at the age of seventeen he began life on his own behalf 
 as a mechanic. For three years he served a very ardu- 
 ous apprenticeship at one branch of the carriage manu- 
 facturing business in his native city, and after graduating 
 from this practical kind of school he labored in the 
 same place and at Middleborough, Mass., as a journey- 
 man for the term of 
 four years. At the 
 end of this time 
 (1847), accompa- 
 nied by a fellow work- 
 man, he moved to 
 Boston and began the 
 business of selling 
 small wares by sam- 
 ple. Two years later 
 he determined to go 
 to California, but the 
 Hon. Nathan Porter 
 offered him employ- 
 ment in Providence 
 which was a certainty 
 and also attractive. 
 Therefore he re- 
 lumed there and re- 
 mained for two years. 
 Once more moving 
 to Boston, in 1S52, 
 he entered the em- 
 ploy of Edward 1 ,ocke 
 & Co., clothiers, and 
 three years later he 
 became connected 
 with the wholesale 
 clothing house of 
 Isaac Fenno & Co. 
 He was made a mem- 
 ber of this firm in 1S61, and in 1869 he retired from 
 business, having secured a comfortable competency. 
 Mr. Russell became a resident of Melrose in 1S52, and 
 has ever since been closely identified with the material 
 and moral growth of the town. He has served three 
 years on the Board of Selectmen, and is at present one 
 of the commissioners of the water-loan sinking fund. 
 He is also president of the Melrose Savings Rank. \n 
 1S78 he was elected to the State Senate for the Sixth 
 
 DANIEL RUSSELL 
 
 Middlesex Senatorial District, and did valuable service 
 in that body as chairman of the Committee on Insur- 
 ance and as a member of the Committee on Agriculture. 
 He was re-elected to the Senate in 1879, and in the 
 year following was elected a delegate to the National 
 Republican Convention. He is a director of the Maiden 
 and Melrose (las Light Company and of the Putnam 
 Woollen Company. On Oct. 21, 1850, Mr. Russell was 
 married to Mary, daughter of Jonathan and Mary Lynde, 
 
 of Melrose, and they 
 have two children, — 
 William Clifton and 
 Daniel Blake Russell. 
 Mr. Russell has for 
 many years been or- 
 ganist of the Hugh 
 de Pay ens Command- 
 ery, Knights Tem- 
 plar. His home at 
 \Vyoming is one of 
 the most comfortable 
 ])laces in the town. 
 He is exceedingly 
 fond of entertaining 
 agreeable people, 
 and freijuently has 
 numbers of his towns- 
 ]ieople and others at 
 his home. He takes 
 great tlelight in mu- 
 sic, and has in his 
 spacious parlor a 
 large organ and piano 
 run by electricity, 
 and he always has on 
 hand all the latest 
 and best music. 
 .Another way he has 
 of entertaining his 
 visitors is by the use 
 of one of Edison's big phonographs, which reproduces 
 comic songs and stump speeches and makes an hour 
 pass very pleasantly. Mr. Russell does not think of 
 entering public life again, although he is still enjoying 
 good health, but he is consulted frequently by his 
 fellow-citizens in connection with the various material 
 interests of the town of Melrose, with which his politi- 
 cal and social life has for about forty years been closely 
 identified. 
 
^MdSMic 
 
 TWV. charming town of Wakefield is situated about ten miles from the city of Boston on the line of the Boston 
 (S: Maine Railroad, and it is beyond the shadow of a doubt one of the most picturesque towns in the State. 
 It lies as if at rest in the heart of a vast amphitheatre, for it is nearly surrounded by hills and has two beautiful 
 lakes, whose clear, bright faces attract the summer wanderer. It was settled in 1639 and when incorporated in 
 1644 included what was called a "four miles' grant," embracing the present town of Wakefield, with Reading and 
 North Reading. The early settlers received grants of land from the town of Lynn, and tradition has it that a 
 meeting-house was erected here before 1657, near where the post-office now stands. In 1645 the first Congrega- 
 tional church of the colony was built here, and Henry (Ireen, of U'atertown, became its first pastor. In those 
 days, by order of the court military, guards were recruited for every town to protect the inhabitants against the 
 Indians. In 1655 there were twenty persons, fourteen men and six women, held in the bonds of slavery within 
 the town's limits. The town's minister in those days had no money, but received his salary in butter, wheat, rye 
 and barley. In 1663 there were two mills here, a saw-mill and a corn mill, and in 1666 the present First Parish 
 Burial-ground was located. .\i that time the depredations of wolves became so great that twenty shillings apiece 
 was offered as a bounty for their heads. Blackbirds must have been so numerous just then as to be a plague, 
 since the town offered twopence apiece for their heads in order to save the crops. Other interesting things 
 occurred in anticpie Wakefield. Women were gagged or set in a ducking stool, if they were caught railing or 
 scolding, and young men were fined five poimds for winning the affections of a young woman without the consent 
 of her parents or guardians. This fine was doubled for a second offence. There are also cases on record where 
 men were fined for not attending church. 
 
 Among the early settlers whose descendants reside there at the present time are the l-latons. Flints, Wileys, 
 C'owdreys, Hartshornes, Kmersons, Greens, Nichols, Parkers and Woodwards. The First Parish Society was 
 organized in 1768, the Baptist Society in 1797. In 1834 was erected the old Town House, which was used by 
 the town up to 1868, when the present handsome Town Hall was presented to the town by the late Cyrus \\'akefield. 
 
 When the town was incorporated in 1812, it was known as South Reading and its valuation was Sioo,ooo. 
 The first stage coach ran between here and Boston in 1817, and in 1845 the Boston & Maine Railroad was built 
 between Boston and Wilmington. 
 
 ^^■hen Mr. Wakefield made his magnificent gift to the town, the name was changed in his honor from South 
 Reading to ^Vakefield. Mr. Wakefield's enterprise did much to build up the town. He started the rattan 
 manufacturing business on a small scale in 1S55 and at the time he died, in 1872, he carried on the most extensive 
 rattan business in the country, employing some twenty-five hundred persons. Besides the rattan business there 
 are several shoe shops and a large sto\ e and furnace foundry, and there are various other enterprises which furnish 
 employment to many people. The town has excellent schools and churches, electric railroads, water works, and a 
 postal service, and is one of the healthiest towns in New England. The valuation of the town is ^4,723,785 and 
 the population 7,500. 
 
 Wakefield will soon have a practical system of sewerage, and electric railways connecting it with Lynn, 
 Saugus, Melrose and Maiden. In addition to the steam-car lines connecting with Boston, Lowell, Lawrence, 
 Portland, Newburyport, Salem and other places, there is an electric line between Wakefield, Stoneham and 
 Woburn, and an electric road will soon girdle Lake Quannapowitt. This will make one of the most beautiful rides 
 in the summer season that can be had anywhere in New England. The Miller Piano Works are also located here, 
 and the company occupies a magnificent brick block. There are several fine estates, and the convenience of 
 travel to and from Boston, where many of the town's citizens are engaged in business, makes it a most desirable 
 place of residence. The town has two live local papers, a Masonic and Odd Fellows Society and many organiza- 
 tions for social and friendly intercourse. There are also a national bank and a savings bank and a Board of Trade. 
 The town has recently voted to establish an electric plant for lighting purposes. 
 
6o2 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 CVRUS (;. BEP^BP: was born in Cambridge, Mass., 
 Jan. 1 6, 1850, being the third son of the late 
 Lucius Beebe. He received his early education in 
 Ellington, Conn., at a private boarding-school, and 
 afterwards took a collegiate course at the Andover 
 Seminary. Here he was fitted for college at seventeen, 
 but instead of further pursuing his studies, he entered 
 the office of his father, who was one of the most exten- 
 sive cotton dealers in New PLngland. Four years after- 
 wards, attaining his 
 majority, he became 
 a partner with h i s 
 father in the cotton 
 business. His father 
 retiring from the cot- 
 ton business after a 
 few years, he carried 
 it on alone, and by 
 his ability and enter- 
 prise succeeded in 
 enlarging it. His 
 brother, Frederic, 
 was admitted as a 
 partner several years 
 later, and the part- 
 nership continues up 
 to the present time, 
 the Boston office 
 being at 89 Stale 
 Street. This firm of 
 the Beebe Brothers 
 now carry on a very 
 extensive business. 
 They import large 
 (juantities of cotton 
 from the South, and 
 they are large im- 
 porters of Egyptian 
 cottons, and they 
 sell their cottons di- 
 rect to the mills. Mr. Beebe has made his home in 
 Wakefield for many years in the Beebe mansion, located 
 near the head of Lake Quannapowitt. His father, the 
 late Lucius Beebe, was one of the roost respected citi- 
 zens of the town, the founder of its free public library, 
 which is now named in his honor. The Beebe family, 
 in fact, is one of the most prominent and most honored 
 in Middlesex County. The late Lucius Beebe was a 
 candidate for Congress shortly before he died, and he 
 
 CYRUS G. BEEBE 
 
 polled a very large vote in a strongly Republican dis- 
 trict. He had been representative to the General Court 
 from ^^'akef^eld, and he held various offices in the gift 
 of the town. Cyrus (;. inherited the business tact and 
 stability of his father, and is highly esteemed bv his fel- 
 low-citizens and business friends and acquaintances. 
 He has never sought public office, preferring to give his 
 undivided time to his commercial duties, although there 
 is little doubt but that he could have any political office 
 
 in the gift of the 
 town, did he care to 
 go into politics. 
 Since 1884 he has 
 been president of 
 the South Reading 
 National Bank, pres- 
 ident of the Wake- 
 field Real Instate and 
 Building Association, 
 a member of the 
 Wakefield Board of 
 Trade, and a director 
 in the Massachusetts 
 Loan & Trust Com- 
 pany. He takes a 
 deep interest in the 
 improvement and 
 progress of his town, 
 and is recognized as 
 one of her foremost 
 citizens. On June 
 15 of the present 
 year ( 1892 ) he was 
 married to Jessie 
 Ingles Hogg, daugh- 
 ter of John Hogg, of 
 50 Commonwealth 
 -Avenue, Boston, Mr. 
 Hogg being well 
 known as one of the 
 firm of Smith, Hogg & Gardner. Mr. Beebe has three 
 brothers in the leather business at 69 High Street, Bos- 
 ton, Marcus, Decius and Junius. They have extended 
 greatly their business since the time it was founded by 
 their father. There were seven sons and two daugh- 
 ters in this ty])ical Massachusetts family, all of whom 
 are still li\ing, with the exception of one son. Mr. 
 Beebe is recognized as one of the ablest and most suc- 
 cessful business men of Massachusetts. 
 
WAKEFIELD. 
 
 603 
 
 SAMUEL KING HAMILTON, the youngest son of 
 Benjamin B. and Sarah Hamilton, was born July 
 27, 1837, in Waterboro, York County, Me. Descended 
 from a sturdy, strong-headed Scottish ancestry, his boy- 
 hood and youth were spent on the home farm. The 
 rudimentary education afforded by a district school was 
 supplemented by a single term at Limerick Academy, 
 six months under the instruction of Hon. M. D. L. 
 Lane at Hollis and a year in the Saco High School. In 
 August, 1856, Mr. 
 Hamilton entered 
 the Chandler Scien- 
 tific Department of 
 Dartmouth College 
 and graduated in the 
 class of '59. He 
 spent the ne.xt three 
 years in the law office 
 of the Hon. Ira T. 
 Drew, at .Alfred, Me., 
 in teaching in Wake- 
 field (then South 
 Reading), Mass., and 
 as princijialof Alfred 
 Academy. Admitted 
 to the bar of York 
 County in 1862, he 
 was immediately re- 
 ceived into partner- 
 ship with Mr. Drew 
 imder the firm name 
 of Drew& Hamilton. 
 This copartnershi|] 
 continued until 1867 
 and a ff o rd e d Mr. 
 Hamilton a wide ex- 
 perience in both civil 
 and criminal prac- 
 tice. In 1867 he 
 removed to Bidde- 
 
 ford and there continued in practice until 1872. While 
 there he served two years on the Board of .Mdermen and 
 in 1872 represented that city in the Legislature of 
 Maine, establishing a reputation as a ready and able 
 debater and a sound legislator. In December of that 
 year he formed a copartnership with C. W. Eaton, 
 of Wakefield, with him established law offices in that 
 town, and Boston and removed his residence to Wake- 
 field. This business connection continued to 1878, 
 
 SAMUEL K. HAMILTON 
 
 when it was dissolved, Mr. Hamilton retaining the 
 Boston ofifice and Mr. Eaton the Wakefield. Since 
 his residence in Wakefield Mr. Hamilton has been 
 engaged in nearly every important case in the town, and 
 has taken a lively interest in public affairs, especially 
 those of an educational nature. .\s chairman of the 
 School Committee for nine years he effected a complete 
 re-organization of the school system, and in 18S3, when 
 the town was about erecting a new and commodious 
 
 brick school-house, 
 the town in open 
 town meeting voted 
 that it be named the 
 "Hamilton School 
 Building " in recog- 
 nition of his services. 
 He has also served 
 for three years as 
 c h a i r m a n of the 
 Board of Selectmen, 
 and many years as 
 c h a i rm an of the 
 trustees of the Beebe 
 Town Library. In 
 1880 Mr. Hamilton 
 was a delegate to the 
 convention which 
 nominated General 
 Hancock for presi- 
 dent, and took a con- 
 spicuous part in har- 
 monizing the con- 
 testing delegation for 
 Massachusetts. I n 
 1883 he was a candi- 
 date for district at- 
 torney of Middlesex 
 County and made a 
 handsome canvass, 
 but was defeated, the 
 district being very largely Republican. In 1892 he was 
 candidate for presidentail elector from the Seventh 
 Congressional District. He has been frequendy soli- 
 cited to become a candidate for Congress, but has 
 uniformly declined. He was one of the founders of the 
 Pine Tree State Club in Boston, and since its organiza- 
 tion has been its treasurer. Mr. Hamilton was married 
 Feb. 13, 1867, to .\nnie E., daughter of Joseph B. and 
 Harriet N. Davis. They have no children. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
■,)^,^J!^4S., 
 
 THE beautiful and thriving town of Hudson, in the rich county of Middlesex, has a population of over five 
 thousand inhabitants. It was set apart from Marlborough, March 19, 1866. Prior to its starting as a town- 
 ship it was the village of Feltonville. Hudson of to-day may well be termed a typical Massachusetts town in the 
 matter of manufacturing. The chief industry of Hudson is the manufacture of boots and shoes, in which line of 
 product the town occupies a distinctive position. Between the years of the town's birth and 1886 the population 
 doubled : from the latter year to the present time its general increase has been gradual, but of a thoroughly sub- 
 stantial and satisfactory kind. The pride of the people centres very largely and very justly in their town hall, a 
 large, handsome, imposing brick structure, such as few towns in the Commonwealth have the credit of possessing. 
 It is situated in the heart of the ])lace, and is made particularly attractive by the extensive lawn which separates it 
 from the main thoroughfare. To complete the fine setting of this architectural gem, sinuous concrete driveways 
 and concrete paths add to the general appearance of neatness, all indicative of the town's thrift and progressive- 
 ness. In the building is the public library of five thousand volumes. The intellectual appetite and strength of 
 the community are made apparent when one ponders the fact that o\er twenty-fi\e thousand books are taken out 
 annually. Territorially, Hudson is very much smaller than the average town, and thus its striking compactness is 
 explained. Since there are no lengthy outside highways to be kejjt in repair, the appropriations for highways are 
 expended in such a manner that the effects are observable almost at a glance, and a very casual glance, too. The 
 streets are wide, and kept in excellent condition, and many of them are finely shaded when the foliage of spring 
 and summer clothes the trees. Particular attention is paid by the town to its sidewalks, for which a stated sum is 
 annually appropriated, the result being miles of concrete walks that serve to emphasize the frequent assertion that 
 Hudson is one of the model towns of the State. 
 
 Particularly fortunate is it in the point of railroad facilities. It has two railroads running through it — a 
 branch of the Fitchburg road, and the Central Massachusetts. 'I'he latter gives a direct line of communication 
 between Boston and the West, also affording easy connections with other roads, and thus furnishing unusual 
 opportunities for its business and manufacturing contingent. Through the town runs the Assabet River, which 
 heightens the scenic beauty of the place, beside affording water power to several manufacturing establishments. 
 
 Very easy of access are the schools of the town, all of which are within a radius of half a mile. Gradually 
 the new school-houses have supplanted the old, and to-day Hudson has as fine school buildings as any town of its 
 class in the State. The standard has been growing higher and higher, until the average rate is passed, and still the 
 standard desired is not reached. The average cost of Hudson's latest school buildings is about ;S24,ooo each. 
 The inhabitants likewise pride themselves upon their system of water works, which cost the people the sum of 
 Si 20,000. Unless the town should happen to grow to a size not today dreamed of by the most sanguine of its 
 admirers, its water supply is inexhaustible, and the quality of its water is of the best. What seems to be a special 
 satisfaction of the people is its fire department, which is unusually well organized, thoroughly equipped with need- 
 ful appliances. Its efificiency is generally recognized. Hudson's general air of enterprise and ambitious desire is 
 unquestionably given to it by the handsome business blocks that mark its mercantile centre. 
 
 \ particularly striking feature of the town is the neat and tidy surroundings that characterize the homes of 
 her denizens, and in this respect neighbor seems to vie with neighbor for the most pleasing results. What is likely 
 to impress a visitor very strongly is the large number of cottages to be seen on every side, each having the appear- 
 ance and indication of being the home of a well-to-do and ambitious artisan ; and, on the other hand, scattered 
 about are many residences of striking architectural beauty. The religious part of the community seeks its ecclesi- 
 astical instruction either with the Baptist, Congregational, Methodist or Unitarian societies, or with St. Michael's 
 Roman Catholic parish. The industries of_the town comprise shoe, rubber and box manufactories, and machine 
 shops. 
 
HUDSON. 
 
 605 
 
 VERY rarely can a better illustration of the " self- 
 made man of our times" be found than is fur- 
 nished by the life of Lewis D. Apsley, who came 
 to Hudson seven years ago without pecuniary resources, 
 having as capital only a keen business sagacity, a 
 restless energy of body and a diligent and deter- 
 mined character. Yet in this brief period Mr. Apsley 
 has made a comfortable fortune, is at the head 
 of the largest works of their kind in the country and is 
 a congressman 
 elect. Lewis D. A]5s- 
 ley was born in 
 Northumberland, Pa., 
 on the 29th of Sep- 
 tember, 1852, and 
 he resided there 
 until he was nine 
 years of age, when 
 he went to Lock- 
 haven, Pa. At the 
 age of sixteen years 
 he joined the large, 
 good-humored cara- 
 v an of travelling 
 salesmen,the advance 
 guard or inspiring 
 drummers of the 
 peaceful a r m y o f 
 commerce. W hen 
 only twenty-six Mr. 
 .Apsley had become 
 superintendent of 
 the rubber goods de- 
 p a r t m e n t in the 
 famous store of John 
 Wanamaker in Phila- 
 delphia. Later he 
 associated himself 
 with the Gossamer 
 Rubber Clothing 
 
 Company of Boston, representing that house on the 
 road, and, parenthetically, it might be noted that as a 
 salesman he earned and held the reputation of being 
 unusually successful. After remaining with that com- 
 pany six years, in 18S5 he came to Hudson, took an 
 abandoned gossamer plant and began the manufacture 
 of rubber gossamer goods under the name of the Good- 
 year Gossamer Company, starting with limited facilities 
 and employing but few assistants. Three times in five 
 
 LEWIS D. APSLEY 
 
 years he enlarged his plant, and at the end of the third 
 year of his business career in Hudson he was doing the 
 largest business in the manufacture of gossamer gar- 
 ments of any concern in the country. His brilliant 
 business qualities were even then recognized to the 
 extent that he was unanimously chosen president of the 
 Gossamer Manufacturers' Association of the United 
 States. A little later his plant was burned, but with his 
 characteristic will and indomitable enterprise he started 
 
 at once to build, and 
 build large. Sixteen 
 acres of farm land 
 were purchased half 
 a mile from the town 
 centre, three acres 
 of which are utilized 
 for his plant. Here 
 the style of garments 
 he made was 
 changed. Mackin- 
 toshes became t h e 
 product of those new 
 brick factories, which 
 are a model of their 
 kind. The annual 
 output now is greater 
 than that of any sim- 
 ilar plant in the 
 country ; and the 
 number of employees 
 is three hundred. 
 Mr. Apsley erected a 
 boarding-house and 
 tenements for his 
 employees, and gave 
 land for the ..opening 
 of a highway, being 
 desirous that all in 
 h i s service should 
 fare well. Mr. Aps- 
 ley was chief promoter of the establishment of the 
 town's Board of Trade, of which he is president. He is 
 also a director in the Hudson National Bank and Hud- 
 son Real Estate Company, is a Knight Templar, a mem- 
 ber of the Mystic Shrine, an Odd Fellow, Granger and 
 member of the L O. R. M. In politics he is a Republican 
 and has represented his party on every committee from 
 representative to congressional. Mr. Apsley was this 
 year (1892) elected to Congress. 
 
6o6 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE career of William H. Brighani furnishes a fruit- 
 ful theme for contemplation, and demonstrates 
 what application to business principles can accomplish 
 in a comparatively brief time. Mr. Brigham comes 
 from a stock that settled early in this region of Middle- 
 sex County, and the Brighams for generations have been 
 noted for their sturdiness and general capacity. Mr. 
 Brigham is now the manager of the boot and shoe firm 
 of F. Brigham & Co., a business which was established 
 in 1834 by Francis 
 Brigham, the pioneer 
 shoe manufacturer in 
 what is now Hudson. 
 He it was who intro- 
 duced the first sew- 
 ing-machine and the 
 first pegging ma- 
 chine, and left as a 
 legacy to his heirs a 
 fortune, a lucrative 
 business and a fine 
 reputation. Upon his 
 death there was or- 
 ganized the firm 
 above mentioned, 
 which consists of two 
 of the sons of the 
 founder, Rufus H. 
 and ^Vilbur F., and 
 the grandson, William 
 H., who pulls the 
 working and effective 
 " oar " in this long- 
 established and time- 
 honored house. Mr. 
 William H. Brigham 
 was born Feb. i, 
 1863. 'i'here was 
 nothing to distin- 
 guish his early career 
 
 from that of other lads. He attended the public schools 
 in his bright and healthy boyhood. Later he graduated 
 from a Boston commercial college, and afterward had 
 charge of the books in the factory over which he now 
 practically presides. Mr. Brigham first came promi- 
 nently to the public attention as an amateur base-ball 
 player, being connected with a local nine which, as a 
 strictly amateur team, had few, if any, equals in the 
 State, and a brilliant success was prophesied for him 
 
 WILLIAM H. BRIGHAM 
 
 on the professional field ; but he had entered into 
 athletics for the pleasure and exhilaration to be derived 
 therefrom, not with any view of training for professional 
 honors. As a lad he was much interested in the local 
 fire department, and when the " Buckets " were organ- 
 ized, one of the first of the younger companies of his 
 native place, he was promptly chosen foreman. Mr. 
 Brighani was also much interested in military matters, 
 and was one of the jirime movers in organizing Com- 
 pany M, Fifth Regi- 
 ment, M. V. M., and 
 was chosen its first 
 lieutenant. He re- 
 mained in the mili- 
 tia three years, and 
 then resigned only 
 because of increasing 
 business demands 
 upon his time and at- 
 tention. He is a Re- 
 publican in politics, 
 yet not at all a seeker 
 for political honors ; 
 notwithstanding 
 which fact he was 
 chosen to represent 
 his district in the Mas- 
 sachusetts House of 
 Representatives i n 
 1 89 1 and again in 
 1892. This is his 
 third year on the 
 Board of Selectmen, 
 of which body he is 
 chairman. Last year 
 as a legislator he was 
 on the Committee on 
 Military Affairs ; was 
 also a member of the 
 Massachusetts Com- 
 mittee to aid in formally opening the World's Fair. 
 Mr. Brigham is a director in both the Hudson National 
 and Savings banks and Hudson Real Estate Company ; 
 is a trustee of Doric Lodge, F. and A. M., Knights Tem- 
 plar, Granger and member of the American Mechanics, 
 besides owning an extensive stock farm. His popularity 
 in politics is not confined to his own party, and apart 
 from politics he has a large circle of friends, who esti- 
 mate his social qualities at their true worth. 
 
HUDSON. 
 
 607 
 
 A SOLID and substantial business man is Henry 
 Tower, who, while not a native, has been identi- 
 fied with Hudson's growth and ])rosperity since i860, at 
 which time the town was only a village. Mr. Tower 
 was born in Stowe, Mass., and at fifteen years of age 
 began to learn the carpenter's trade under the instruc- 
 tion of his father. This made the third generation of 
 builders in the Tower family. His schooling was in the 
 "little red school-house," for the most part, finishing 
 his schooling, how- 
 ever, at the old Stowe 
 Academy. For some 
 time he was foreman 
 of a large force of 
 men, but, believing 
 himself competent to 
 branch out as a 
 leader of labor, which 
 is a very different 
 thing from a labor 
 leader, Mr. Tower 
 became an employer. 
 Casting a business 
 eye to windward he 
 early concluded that 
 the village was des- 
 tined to develop 
 soon, and largely 
 acting upon this be- 
 lief he purchased a 
 tract of land, cut it 
 up into lots, upon 
 which he built com- 
 fortable houses and 
 placed them upon 
 the market. His 
 foresight was re- 
 warded : the pleasant 
 houses he had built 
 became happy 
 
 homes. Thus he laid the foundation of his financial 
 prosperity. .-Vfter building about fifty houses he closed 
 his building career by erecting the first business block 
 in the village. Then from 1867 to 1869 Mr. Tower 
 devoted himself to lumber. His next venture was in 
 the milk business, and in 1874 the firm of Newell &: 
 Tower was formed, its business being to supply with 
 milk the Boston market. This firm ran one car from 
 the New Hampshire line to the State capital. Three 
 
 HENRY TOWER. 
 
 years after the firm was changed to Tower cS: Blodgett. 
 The latter firm later consolidated with P. S. Whitcomb 
 & Co., and the new firm was known as Tower, Whit- 
 comb & Co. At that time three cars were run, and the 
 route was greatly extended. Two years ago that firm, 
 consolidating with Garvestein Brothers, and J. H. Whit- 
 comb & Co., merged into the Boston Dairy Company, 
 of which Henry Tower is president and general man- 
 ager. This company has extended the line of service 
 
 into ^'ermont, covers 
 a part of Southern 
 New Hampshire and 
 controls the milk 
 business over the 
 line of the Fitchburg 
 Railroad, so far as 
 the Boston supply is 
 concerned. It f u r- 
 nishes Boston with 
 about a quarter of 
 its daily supply of the 
 best milk. Adjunc- 
 tive to this, the com- 
 pany owns and 
 operates extensive 
 creameries, and man- 
 ufactures butter and 
 cheese. Mr. Tower 
 was at one time a 
 partner with C. 
 Brigham & Co., the 
 milk contractors. 
 That firm became a 
 corporation, in which 
 he retains consid- 
 erable stock. Mr. 
 Tower is at present 
 on Hudson's Board 
 of Selectmen. In 
 that capacity he has 
 served eight years ; he has also been five years an 
 assessor, also road commissioner. For fifteen consec- 
 utive years he has served as treasurer of Trinity Com- 
 mandery, Knights Templar. He was one of the organ- 
 izers of the Hudson National Bank, and has always 
 been a director of that institution. He is also presi- 
 dent of the Hudson Real Estate Company. His life 
 has been one of constant use to the community, and 
 his personality may be described as well rounded. 
 
THE village of Dalton, noted the world over for its manufactories of fine paper lies half hidden n the valley 
 traversed by the east branch of the Housatonic River. Its scenery is most diversified. A range of com- 
 pact hills runs across the northerly end of the narrow township, while the middle section spreads into a broad and 
 beautiful valley, which gathers the waters of the stream that turns its busy mills. The town was once known as 
 "Ashuelot Equivalent," being granted to Oliver Partridge and others of Hatfield in lieu of a township in New 
 Hampshire, supposed by the surveyors to lie in Massachusetts. It was settled in 1755, and was detached from 
 Pittsfield and incorporated March 20, 1784. 
 
 Few communities of scarcely twenty-five hundred inhabitants can boast of such varied manufacturing enter- 
 prises or show as valuable a total product. The output of its three ])aper mills in a recent year was considerably 
 over $700,000, while the total production of the town exceeded $1,200,000. The total valuation, four years ago, 
 reached $1,880,470. Woollens, cottons, shoes, boxes and lumber are among the principal manufactures, which 
 afford employment to about one thousand hands. 
 
 The basis of the town's prosperity was laid in 1802, when Zenas Crane, Henry Wiswall and John Willard 
 began the manufacture of paper. It is interesting to read at this late day the notices which the enterprising trio 
 sent out to the women of the community, requesting them to save their rags for the paper mill. The circular 
 stated : " All housewives who have the good of their country and the interest of their own family at heart, will 
 send their rags to this factory and receive highest market prices therefor." The trade-mark " Old Berkshire " 
 was adopted, and, thanks to the high standard maintained, it brought abundant success. Within seven years the 
 partners were obliged to extend their facilities, and ever since the growth of the town has been steady. It boasts 
 to-day seven school-houses, a town hall, free libraries, containing about three thousand volumes, and Methodist, 
 Congregational and Roman Catholic churches, of handsome architecture, while none of the other features of a 
 thri\ing community are lacking. The town, which was named for Tristram Dalton, who was speaker in the House 
 of Representatives, played its part in the stirring events of early days, and even now the path of Burgoyne's cap- 
 tive army along the road from Pittsfield to Hinsdale is pointed out. 
 
 Dalton has no one thing as interesting to the world at large as Crane's "Government Mill," where the 
 distinctive paper for the United States currency and bonds is made. A large national flag floats from the tall staff 
 in front of the factory whenever money is being manufactured. Factory villages are not commonly looked upon 
 as summer resorts, but Dalton is in this respect an exception, being well supplied with hotels and cottages, particu- 
 larly about the romantic spots known as Wahconah Falls and Wizard's ( lien. \\'ahconah Brook flows through 
 meadows, until, hemmed in by giant rocks, it makes a leap of eighty feet into a quiet pool below. The stream 
 was named for the daughter of Miahcomo, chief of the valley, the fate of whose lover the falls eventually decided. 
 Wizard's Glen is an echoing rocky pass, thronged by summer tourists, who can always find some new legend to 
 relate about the place. The Swiss chalet or log house, built by Byron Weston on Mt. Weston, is another of the 
 picturesque points in the town, which has a half dozen of the most remarkable artesian wells to be found in all 
 the country round. 
 
D ALTON. 
 
 609 
 
 BYRON WESTON, son of Isaiah and Caroline Cur- 
 tis Weston, was born in Dalton, April 19, 1832. 
 His father dying when he was four years old, Byron 
 went to live with an uncle. The Mexican War breaking 
 out soon after, the uncle secured a government contract 
 for the manufacture of books and newspapers. Thus it 
 was that young Weston drifted into the paper business 
 upon leaving \\'illiston Seminary, Easthampton. He 
 was first employed in his uncle's mill at Saugerties, 
 N. Y., was later with 
 Lindley Crane at 
 Ballston, N. Y., and 
 afterward with May 
 Brothers and Plainer 
 & Smith of Lee, the 
 latter firm then being 
 the largest manufac- 
 turers of writing 
 paper. Mr. W'eston 
 was superintendent 
 of their seven mills 
 where he made the 
 first wood pulp ever 
 manufactured, out of 
 which experiment 
 grew the American 
 Wood P u 1 p Pa])er 
 Company of Penn- 
 sylvania. In 1 85 6 
 Mr. Weston formed 
 a partnership with 
 William H. Imlay, 
 who owned three 
 mills in Connecticut. 
 Mr. Imlay d led a 
 few weeks later, and 
 this resulted in the 
 business being 
 closed. Mr. Weston 
 spent the year 1857 
 
 in Texas, returning to Lee to associate himself with the 
 late Elizur Smith, whose partner, George W. Plainer, 
 had died. When the Civil War broke out Mr. Weston 
 raised a company within two weeks, insuring for Berk- 
 shire the Forty-ninth Regiment, which elected him 
 captain. Captain Weston was later offered the col- 
 onelcy of a regiment, but preferred to remain with his 
 acquaintances. He was wounded in the knee by the 
 bursting of a shell at Port Hudson. LTpon returning 
 
 BYRON WESTON 
 
 home he bought the Defiance Paper Mill at Dalton just 
 as the war was closing, which was a harvest time for 
 paper makers, his profits within twelve months being 
 more than sufficient to pay for the property. The mill 
 has been constantly enlarged and improved, until it is 
 one of the most complete in the country. For many 
 years Mr. Weston has made a specialty of ledger and 
 record papers which " defy the tooth of time " and 
 have attained world-wide reputation. His present out- 
 put of these goods 
 is four tons a day, 
 while twenty-five 
 years ago all the 
 paper for legal docu- 
 ments was obtained 
 from England. The 
 concern is now a 
 corporate enterprise. 
 Mr. Weston has a 
 farm of one hundred 
 and sixty acres and a 
 fine home in Dalton, 
 besides being a large 
 owner of \illage 
 property. He cast 
 his first vote with the 
 Republicans and has 
 never wa\ered in 
 their support. In 
 1876 he was elected 
 State senator from 
 Berkshire, and in 
 1879 lieutenant- 
 governor, being twice 
 re-elected. Mr. 
 ^^'eston is vice-presi- 
 dent of the Third 
 National Bank and 
 trustee of the Berk- 
 shire Life Insurance 
 Company and the Berkshire Savings Bank of Pittsfield. 
 He has twice been president of the American Paper 
 Manufacturers' Association and has received the degree 
 of master of arts from Williams College, the athletic 
 field of which institution was given by him and bears 
 his name. Mr. Weston was married to Julia C. Mitchell, 
 June 28, 1865, and they have had seven children, 
 Franklin, Ellen Mitchell, Louise Bryant, Julia Caroline, 
 Philip, Dorothy Deane and Donald Mitchell. 
 
6io 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 ZENAS CRAXE, the pioneer paper maker of West- 
 ern Massachusetts, was born at Canton, Mass., 
 May 9, 1777, the son of Stephen and Susannah ( Bab- 
 cock) Crane. His home was on the bank of Punkapoag 
 Brook at its junction with Neponset River, near which 
 stood the old Milton paper mill, so that, naturally 
 enough he early became attached to the business. 
 After completing his education in the public schools he 
 w-ent to Newton, where he acquired the rudiments of 
 the business in his 
 brother's mill, after- 
 ward going to Wox- 
 cester, where he 
 rounded o u t h i s 
 training in the mill 
 of (leneral IJurbank. 
 Being of an inde- 
 pendent disposition, 
 his first thought was 
 of a good location in 
 which to set up for 
 himself. Accord- 
 ingly, in 1799, Mr. 
 Crane set out from 
 Worcester in quest 
 of a desirable site, 
 travelling on horse- 
 back. He pushed 
 past Springfield, not 
 pausing until he had 
 reached the spark- 
 ling, nishing waters 
 of the Housatonic. 
 Near the site of the 
 little hostelry in which 
 he passed his first 
 night in Berkshire 
 are now clustered 
 the fi n e residences 
 of his sons, Zenas M. 
 
 and James B., and his grandsons, Zenas and Winthrop 
 Murray Crane, as well as the mills, the seed of which 
 he planted, now sending out products of national repu- 
 tation. It was nearly two years after the site had been 
 selected that the first paper mill in Massachusetts, west 
 of the Connecticut River, was built, ki this time, 1801, 
 the tin peddler was an unknown quantity, and raw ma- 
 terials were sought within a limited territory around the 
 mill by an appeal to women through the public press. 
 
 ZENAS CRANE 
 
 Mr. Crane had associated with him at first Henry Wis- 
 well and Daniel Gilbert, the latter taking the place of 
 John Willard. The fourteen acres and the mill thereon 
 were sold to the firm for one hundred and ninety-four 
 dollars. The building was a one-vat affair, the main 
 part two stories high, the upper being used as a drying 
 loft. It had a "day's work" of twenty "posts," a post 
 being one hundred and twenty-five sheets of pa])er. 
 Mr. Crane conducted this mill, " Old Berkshire," until 
 
 1807, when he sold 
 his third interest 
 to Wiswell, and for 
 three years thereafter 
 ran a mercantile 
 business, during 
 which period he 
 wedded Miss Lucinda 
 I Brewer, of A\'ilbra- 
 
 ham. In 18 10 Mr. 
 Crane bought David 
 Carson's interest in 
 what is now known 
 as the "Old Red 
 Mill," which was 
 built the year pre- 
 \ious and was run 
 by several partners 
 until 1822, when Mr. 
 Crane became sole 
 proprietor, as he had 
 been superintend- 
 ent and chief man- 
 ager. In 1 83 1 he 
 placed a cylinder 
 paper-making m a - 
 chine in his mills, 
 and in 1834 added 
 cylinder dryers, also 
 adopting the use of 
 chloride of lime in 
 bleaching. Eight years later he transferred his business 
 to his sons, Zenas Marshall and James Brewer Crane, 
 who were already his partners. They died in January, 
 1888, and August, 1891, respectively. Zenas Crane 
 first belonged to the Federal and later to the Whig 
 party. He served several terms in the State Legisla- 
 ture beginning in 1811, and was a member of Gov- 
 ernor Edward F^verett's executive council in 1836 and 
 1837. He died June 29, 1845. 
 
DAL TON. 
 
 6ii 
 
 When Zenas Crane in iSoi courageously planted on 
 the banks of the Housatonic the little one-vat mill 
 which has long been known as the "Old Berkshire," he 
 little dreamed what the splendid outgrowth, direct and 
 indirect, of his enterprise would be. To-day there are 
 more than twenty-five paper-making establishments in 
 Berkshire County alone, with a capital of over $3,000,000 
 and an annual product considerably above that amount. 
 The chief capital of the Old Berkshire was its man- 
 ager's brains, for the annual product was then of 
 variable and uncertain value, depending largely upon 
 circumstances beyond control of the manager. It is 
 difficult in this late day to realize the difficulties against 
 which the elder Crane was obliged to contend. 
 
 There were perhaps fifteen paper mills of insignifi- 
 cant capacity scattered through the whole country just 
 as the eighteenth century was closing, when Mr. Crane 
 set out from Worcester to establish himself in business 
 in a wilderness, for Berkshire was then little else, and the 
 waterfalls for the most part dashed on in idle play. 
 
 Although the site of the Old Berkshire Mill was 
 determined upon in 1799, it was not built until the 
 spring of 1801, when the following curious adver- 
 tisement appeared in the Pittsfield Sun : " Americans ! 
 Encourage your Manufactories, and They will Improve. 
 Ladies, Save your Rags ! As the subscribers have it 
 in contemplation to erect a paper mill in Dalton the 
 ensuing spring, and the business being \ery beneficial 
 to the community at large, they flatter themselves that 
 they shall meet with due encouragement. And that 
 every woman who has the good of her country and the 
 interest of her own family, at heart, will patronize them 
 by saving her rags, and sending them to their Manu- 
 factory, or to the nearest Storekeeper ; for which the 
 subscribers will give a generous price. Henry Wiswell, 
 Zenas Crane, John Willard." 
 
 The deed, conveying " fourteen acres and one hundred 
 and forty-nine rods of land, together with the mill and 
 appendages thereon standing," was gi\en Dec. 25, 1801, 
 in consideration of Si 94. The mill was two stories 
 high in the main part, the upper being used for a drying 
 loft. It had a daily capacity of twenty " posts," a post 
 being one hundred and twenty-frve sheets of paper. 
 The skilled workmen eni]3loyed were : an engineer, at 
 $3.00 a week; a vatman and a coucher, at S3. 50 each, 
 •without board ; one additional workman and two girls, 
 at 75 cents a week each, and a layboy, at 60 cents, all 
 being boarded. A few years later when Mr. Crane 
 served as superintendent and general manager, he was 
 
 allowed S9.00 a week. Mr. Crane, in 1807, sold his 
 interest in Old Berkshire to Mr. Wiswell, and in 1812 
 David Carson bought an interest, becoming sole pro- 
 prietor four years later. He with his sons, Thomas G. 
 and William W., conducted the property with success 
 until 1867, when it was sold to a company. In 1872 it 
 was burned and rebuilt on a larger scale, now being one 
 of the most complete mills in the country. After vari- 
 ous mutations it passed into the hands of the Carson & 
 Brown Company, the stockholders being Chas. O. Brown, 
 John D. Carson, Zenas Crane and \\'. Murray Crane. Mr. 
 Brown, having sold his interest, the name was, in 1889, 
 changed to the Old Berkshire Mill Company, composed 
 of John D. Carson, Zenas Crane and W. Murray Crane. 
 The capital stock is §150,000. 
 
 The mill is equipped with electric lights, steam heat, 
 automatic sprinklers, steam force pumps, etc. There 
 are three buildings : first, the rag rooms and engine 
 room, three stories, forty by one hundred and twenty 
 feet ; second, the machine room, with drying loft above, 
 two stories, thirty by one hundred and twenty feet ; 
 third, the two finishing rooms and drying loft, three 
 stories, forty by one hundred and twenty feet, standing 
 between and communicating with both of those previ- 
 ously mentioned, thus saving time and labor, the rags 
 passing direct to the pulp engines, from there to the 
 machines, and thence to the drying lofts and calenders. 
 In the rear of the finishing department is the one-story 
 steam boiler and engine room, twenty by one hundred 
 feet, where are situated three boilers and three engines 
 of one hundred and fifty, forty-five and twenty horse- 
 power. The machinery is of the most approved pat- 
 tern, suited to the making of the high-grade papers for 
 which the mill is celebrated. It includes four five- 
 hundred-and-fifty-pound rag engines, and two of eight 
 hundred pounds capacity each, two large washer engines, 
 one eighty-inch Fourdrliiiei paper machine7 seven calen- 
 ders, two hydraulic presses, one fifty-six-inch Sandborn 
 paper cutter, etc. A force of one hundred and fifty 
 men and women is required, and the daily output aver- 
 ages two and one-half tons of linen papers. 
 
 The bank-note and bond paper mills of Crane & Co. 
 are known the world over. They are two in number, — 
 the Pioneer Mill at Dalton, also known as the Stone 
 Mill, and the Government Mill, which is situated just 
 over the town line, in the city of Pittsfield. At the 
 latter all the paper used by the United States govern- 
 ment for currency, securities, etc., is made, also that 
 employed in Canada, and many foreign countries. At 
 
6l2 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 
 
 the Pioneer Mill the output is bond and parchment 
 paper, such as is used by bank-note companies, and for 
 financial purposes. This business, which has long been 
 conducted as a specialty, was established on much the 
 same general lines as the Old Berkshire Mill. 
 
 Its basis was the " Old Red Mill," in which Zenas Crane 
 bought an interest in iSio. The business was thereafter 
 run by the firm of Crane, Wiswell, Chamberlin & Cole, 
 and later by Crane, Chamberlin & Cole, until 1822, 
 when Mr. Crane, who had from the date of his purchase 
 been superintendent and chief manager, became sole 
 proprietor. It would be interesting, were it possible, to 
 note at length the obstacles which beset the pioneer 
 manufacturer from this time until 1S42, when he trans- 
 ferred all his business interests to his two sons. All 
 that space permits, however, is the mere mention of 
 foreign competition, rather encouraged than retarded by 
 the fluctuating tariff and the absurd preference of an 
 uninformed public for European goods over American 
 fabrics of equal and often superior merit. 
 
 The sons, Zenas M. and James B. Crane, judiciously 
 improved the "Old Red Mill" until the property was 
 burned in 1870. The loss on buildings, machinery, 
 stock, etc., was total. Only the year before the " Old 
 Stone Mill," since known as the "Pioneer," was burned, 
 and was in process of reconstruction when its industrial 
 companion was swept away. Accordingly, the " Old 
 Red Mill " was not rebuilt, the other being so enlarged 
 as to compensate for its loss. 
 
 In 1879 Crane & Co. were awarded the contract they 
 still hold for supplying the United States government 
 with all the ])aper required for national bank-bills. United 
 States bonds, certificates and treasury notes. That this 
 contract might be properly filled, they bought the fine 
 brick mill built at Coltsville by Thomas Colt in 1862. 
 
 This was soon popularly known as the " Government 
 Mill," the stars and stripes constantly floating before it. 
 Ten United States officers are detailed at the mill day 
 and night, there being a superintendent, captain of the 
 watch, three watchmen, the register, a messenger and 
 two counters. It is only necessary to say that the con- 
 duct of the establishment has won the unqualified ap- 
 proval of the Treasury Department. As early as 1846 
 the idea occurred to Zenas M. Crane that the introduc- 
 tion of silk threads into the fibre of currency would 
 largely prevent counterfeiting. 
 
 The opinions of conservative bank men, however, so 
 discouraged Mr. Crane that he did not apply for a 
 patent. But twenty years later, when the National 
 
 government found it necessary to establish a paper 
 currency, the practical men at the head of financial 
 affairs essentially adopted Mr. Crane's plan. Then an 
 Englishman appeared at Washington with a claim as 
 patentee. 
 
 It fortunately happened, however, that Mr. Crane's 
 idea had been carried out by a few banks, such as the 
 Mahaiwe of CJreat Barrington and the Hamilton of Bos- 
 ton. Copies of these issues saved the government from 
 the payment of a large royalty to a foreigner. The 
 main building of the Government Mill is fifty by one 
 hundred and twenty feet in size, and two stories high, 
 with a basement ; the machine room building, two 
 stories in height, with basement, has dimensions of 
 thirty-two by one hundred and five feet, while the rag 
 room building is of the same height and is forty by 
 fifty-six feet in extent. The area of the steam engine 
 and boiler rooms is twenty by sixty and thirty by thirty 
 feet respectively. The arrangements and dimensions of 
 the Pioneer Mill are somewhat similar. At these mills 
 only the best selected new cuttings are used, with the 
 purest of spring water. About one hundred and twenty- 
 five skilled hands are employed. The World's Fair 
 engraved admission tickets were printed on peculiarly 
 distinctive paper made at these mills, being of such 
 curious design as to be highly valued as souvenirs the 
 earth over. The Government Mill was burned April 13, 
 1892, and in October of the same year was rebuilt upon 
 enlarged and improved plans. 
 
 The firm of Z. & W. M. Crane, manufacturers of 
 ladies fine writing papers, envelopes, paper boxes, etc., 
 dates from 1877, but the foundation of the business was 
 laid in 1850, when the stone factory used as a woollen 
 mill beginning in 1836, was leased to the firm of Crane 
 & Wilson, who changed the property into a paper plant, 
 and made an unsuccessful property prosperous. The 
 active partners of the concern were Seymour Crane, the 
 youngest son of Zenas, the pioneer, and James Wilson, 
 once the skilful apprentice of the elder Crane. 
 
 The Bay State Mill made a specialty of buff writing 
 paper, which found much favor among consumers, which 
 included leading newspaper men of the day, Thurlow 
 Weed, the New York editor and ])olitician, commend- 
 ing it most highly as less injurious to the eyes than the 
 white shades. Zenas Crane, oldest son of Z. M. Crane, 
 rented the property in 1865 and afterward bought out 
 all the interests which had arisen in the various trans- 
 fers. He ran the mill very successfully until it was 
 burned. May 15, 1877, when the structure was immedi- 
 
DAL TON. 
 
 613 
 
 ately rebuilt, and on an enlarged scale, by the new firm 
 of Zenas Crane, Jr., & Bro., Winthrop Murray Crane 
 being the junior partner. Since 1890 the firm has been 
 known as Z. & \V. M. Crane. This enterprise is man- 
 aged by the senior partner, both being bred to the 
 business from boyhood. 
 
 'I'he mill is of brick, three stories high and built in the 
 form of a maltese cross, the floor being 550 feet in length 
 by 40 in width. The factory is lighted by electricity, 
 and heated by steam throughout, the departments, com- 
 prising engine and boiler room, containing one 200 horse- 
 power and two 25 horse-power steam engines ; the 
 machine-room containing one 80-inch Fourdrinier pajjer 
 machine ; the finishing-room with four platers and three 
 calenders ; the engine-room with seven pulp engines, 
 and the envelope, paper-box and other rooms. 
 
 About 170 men and women are employed, the output 
 averaging 2\ tons of paper and 100,000 envelopes a 
 day. All products are finished from the raw materials. 
 This business has, in reality, been wholly originated 
 and developed by the present proprietors, who believed 
 there was a demand for the finest papers which had 
 never been filled by American manufacturers. Accord- 
 ingly they went to work to turn out the finest cpiality of 
 goods which it was possible to manufacture. 
 
 Doubtless the enviable reputation which the firm had 
 attained somewhat aided the enterprise : nevertheless, 
 it was the intrinsic merit of the goods that gave real 
 impetus to the business. The growth of the concern 
 has been gratifyingly steady from the first, and for many 
 years the product of the mill has had a prominent place 
 in the stock of all the leading stationers and jewellers 
 
 in the principal cities of the Union. One purpose for 
 which these papers are particularly desirable is as wed- 
 ding invitations, there being from thirty to forty tints of 
 the most delicate and diversified shades to choose from. 
 The product of this mill is held in great esteem by 
 the leading engravers of the country. Note and flat 
 papers of this sort are put up in a wide variety of styles 
 by the company, with envelopes to match, the unique 
 and tasteful boxes which enhance their attractiveness 
 also being made in the same mill. In this line of busi- 
 ness a very large number of valuable trade-marks have 
 been established. The concern has long pasted paper 
 for cardboard with highly satisfactory results, a process 
 commonly confined to card makers. As many know, 
 the finest and stiffest personal cards for visiting and 
 similar uses, are not made of single sheets of thick 
 paper, but of several pieces pasted together perfectly. 
 This card work has in itself grown to considerable pro- 
 portions. -As Zenas Crane was the pioneer paper maker 
 of the Berkshire Hills, so, also, to an almost equal 
 degree, may Zenas and W. Murray Crane be said to be 
 the originators of this particular branch of the business, 
 the manufacture of the highest grades of paper for such 
 special purposes as polite correspondence, invitations, 
 etc. These goods are wholly of a staple quality, causing 
 a steady and even demand for them the year round, 
 constituting most delicate and appropriate gifts. The 
 proprietors have built a fine library for the benefit of 
 their employees, which is heated by steam and lighted 
 by electricity, being in every way a model institution, 
 enhancing the good feeling existing between employer 
 and employee. 
 
INDKX 
 
 Adams, Alvin, 
 Adams, Charles Francis, 
 Adams, T<.)WN ok, 
 Addicks, J. Edward, 
 Agassiz, Alexandkr, 
 Aldrich, Samuel N., 
 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 
 Alger, Alpheus B., 
 Allan, Bryce J., 
 Allen, Charles H., 
 Allen, Orrin P., 
 Ames Frederick I,., 
 Ames, Olix'er, 
 Andrew, John F., 
 Andrews, Asa G., 
 Andrews, Charles H., 
 Appleton, Naihan, 
 Apslev, Lewis D., 
 Archer, Oscar A., 
 Armstrong, (Ieorge W., 
 Ashley, Charles S., 
 Ashley, Henry W., 
 Ashley, Stephen B., 
 Athol, 
 
 Atkinson, Edward, 
 Austin, Henry, 
 Avery, Edward, 
 Ayer, Frederick, 
 
 Babcock, James F., 
 Babbitt, Francis S., 
 Bailey, Andrew J., 
 Bailey, Dudley P., 
 Baldwin, John S., 
 Baldwin, William H., 
 Ballou, Hosea Starr, 
 Bancroft, William A., 
 Banks, Louis A., 
 Banks, N. P., 
 Barney, Evereit H., 
 Barrett, William E., 
 Barry, Eugene, 
 
 246 
 
 HARTLEir, C.KORGK F., 
 
 362 
 
 Cambridge, 
 
 29s 
 
 103 
 
 Bean, George V., 
 
 523 
 
 Caimpkei.l, Charles A., 
 
 383 
 
 575 
 
 Beard, Alanson \\'., 
 
 128 
 
 Candler, John W., 
 
 105 
 
 244 
 
 Bekke, Cyrus G., 
 
 602 
 
 Capen, F;lmer H., 
 
 68 
 
 304 
 
 Bellamy, Edward, 
 
 436 
 
 Carter, Franklin, 
 
 66 
 
 252 
 
 Bennett, Jamks W., 
 
 375 
 
 Chace, George A., 
 
 488 
 
 120 
 
 BiGELOW, H. H., 
 
 317 
 
 Chalmers, James C, 
 
 577 
 
 296 
 
 BiGELOw, Jonathan, 
 
 89 
 
 Chamberlain, Mellen, 
 
 380 
 
 168 
 
 Blake, George F., 
 
 180 
 
 Chamberlain, Robert H., 
 
 324 
 
 370 
 
 Bl.\ney, William O., 
 
 88 
 
 Champlin, Arthur B., 
 
 389 
 
 59° 
 
 Bleakie, Robert, 
 
 126 
 
 Chandler, Alfred D., 
 
 198 
 
 212 
 
 BOARDMAN, HaLSEY J., 
 
 124 
 
 Chase, Simf:on B., 
 
 492 
 
 42 
 
 BoDFisH, Joshua P., 
 
 234 
 
 Chelsea, 
 
 377 
 
 48 
 
 BoNvouLoiR, Pierre, 
 
 407 
 
 Chesier, Wals'iein R., 
 
 90 
 
 496 
 
 BossoN, Albert I)., 
 
 386 
 
 Chickering, George H., 
 
 190 
 
 273 
 
 Boston, 
 
 80-286 
 
 Chicopee, 
 
 429 
 
 164 
 
 BOUTWELL, GE(JRGE S., 
 
 34 
 
 Choate, C. F., 
 
 182 
 
 605 
 
 Bowen, Joseph A., 
 
 485 
 
 Claflin, William, 
 
 36 
 
 576 
 
 Br-^brook, George, 
 
 480 
 
 Clarke, Albert, 
 
 192 
 
 188 
 
 Bracewell, J( ihn. 
 
 572 
 
 Clark, Charles N., 
 
 442 
 
 357 
 
 Bracketl, J. (). A., 
 
 43 
 
 Clark, Embury P., 
 
 401 
 
 559 
 
 Braman, Dwight, 
 
 178 
 
 Clark, J. F. A., 
 
 256 
 
 4S9 
 
 Breed, Francis W., 
 
 541 
 
 Clifford, Charles W., 
 
 359 
 
 588 
 
 Brickett, Benjamin F., 
 
 395 
 
 Clifford, John H., 
 
 359 
 
 193 
 
 Bridges, Benjamin F., 
 
 77 
 
 Clifford, Walter, 
 
 359 
 
 5. 269 
 
 Brigham, William H., 
 
 606 
 
 Clough, George A., 
 
 230 
 
 166 
 
 Brockton, 
 
 508 
 
 Clune, John H., 
 
 353 
 
 371 
 
 Brooks, Phillips, 
 
 63 
 
 Cobb, Cyrus, 
 
 186 
 
 
 Brooks, William H , 
 
 405 
 
 Cobb, Dakius, 
 
 187 
 
 176 
 
 Brown, Frank A., 
 
 93 
 
 COGGAN, MaRCELLUS, 
 
 421 
 
 477 
 
 Bruce, Alexander B., 
 
 463 
 
 Cogswell, William, 
 
 52 
 
 177 
 
 Bruce, George A., 
 
 468 
 
 Collins, Patrick A., 
 
 194 
 
 532 
 
 Buckingham, Samuel G., 
 
 336 
 
 CoLTON, John W., 
 
 553 
 
 313 
 
 BuRDF.Tr, Joseph O., 
 
 122 
 
 CoNn'ERSE, Alfred C, 
 
 378 
 
 156 
 
 BURNHAM, L. Ci., 
 
 85 
 
 Ci.invekse, Elisha S., 
 
 419 
 
 158 
 
 Butler, B. F., 
 
 40 
 
 Cook, Joseph, 
 
 113 
 
 297 
 
 Butler, John H., 
 
 471 
 
 CooLiDGE, Frederick S., 
 
 56 
 
 255 
 
 BuiTRicK, Francis, 
 
 450 
 
 CooLiDGE, T. Jefferson, 
 
 117 
 
 35 
 
 Byrne, Vicar-general, 
 
 119 
 
 Corcoran, John W. 
 
 175 
 
 346 
 
 
 
 Corse, John M., 
 
 185 
 
 162 
 
 Cady, H. Torrie, 
 
 573 
 
 Cory, Charles B., 
 
 196 
 
 545 
 
 Calef, Benjamin, 
 
 271 
 
 CoiTER, James E., 
 
 268 
 
6i6 
 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 CouGHLiN, John W., 
 
 483 
 
 Dunn, Michael, 
 
 352 
 
 Cox, Alfred E., 
 
 426 
 
 Dunning, Albert E., 
 
 147 
 
 Cr-ane, James A., 
 
 56. 
 
 DuPEE, Henry D., 
 
 95 
 
 Crane, Robert B., 
 
 561 
 
 Durgin, Lyle, 
 
 62 
 
 Cr-we, W. M., 
 
 611 
 
 Dwight, John S., 
 
 146 
 
 Crane, Zenas, Sr., 
 
 610 
 
 
 
 Cr.*ne, Zenas, 
 
 611 
 
 F;ldredge, Daniel, 
 
 140 
 
 Cr-^po, William W., 
 
 358 
 
 Eliot, Charles W., 
 
 65 
 
 Cr-wforu, Harvey S., 
 
 512 
 
 Ellis, George E., 
 
 lOI 
 
 Crocker, Geor(;e G., 
 
 107 
 
 Emerson, Charles W., 
 
 267 
 
 Crocker, Susan E., 
 
 62 
 
 P^ndicott, Charles, 
 
 235 
 
 Crosby, John C, 
 
 57 
 
 Enoicott, William C, 
 
 289 
 
 Crowley, Jeremiah, 
 
 376 
 
 Evans, Alonzo H., 
 
 29 
 
 Cunninc.ham, John H. 
 
 388 
 
 Everett, City of. 
 
 528 
 
 Gushing, Marshall, 
 
 260 
 
 
 
 Cushman, Solomon F., 
 
 S9S 
 
 Fairbanks, Henry O , 
 
 455 
 
 Cutler, Nahum S., 
 
 581 
 
 Fall, Charles G., 
 
 204 
 
 Cutler, William C, 
 
 384 
 
 Fall River, 
 
 482 
 
 CuiTiNG, Walter, 
 
 502 
 
 Faxon, Henry H., 
 
 456 
 
 
 
 Fenno, John A., 
 
 516 
 
 Dale, Willl^m J., Jr., 
 
 262 
 
 Fernald, B. Marvin, 
 
 598 
 
 Dalton, Samuel, 
 
 76 
 
 Field, Walbridge A., 
 
 58 
 
 Dalton, Town of, 
 
 608 
 
 Fifield, George \\ ., 
 
 366 
 
 Damon, Grorge L.. 
 
 142 
 
 Fisher, Henry N., 
 
 452 
 
 Davenport, Charles, 
 
 305-306 
 
 FisK, George C, 
 
 348 
 
 Davenport, William N., 
 
 525 
 
 Fisk, Noyes W., 
 
 350 
 
 Davis, Roberi 1"., 
 
 4S6 
 
 Fiske, George M., 
 
 278 
 
 Dawes, Henry L., 
 
 44 
 
 FisKE, John, 
 
 303 
 
 Dean, Benjamin, 
 
 189 
 
 Fitchburg, 
 
 409 
 
 De Las Casas, William B. 
 
 422 
 
 FiTz, Eustace C, 
 
 97 
 
 Dennison, Aaron L., 
 
 451 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Thomas B., 
 
 118 
 
 Dennison, E. W., 
 
 144 
 
 Foot, Homer, 
 
 341 
 
 De Normandie, James, 
 
 266 
 
 Forbes, J. Malcolm, 
 
 286 
 
 DKvrn, Edward I., 
 
 71 
 
 Francis, Edward S., 
 
 504 
 
 Dewey, Francis H., 
 
 325 
 
 Francis, James, 
 
 373 
 
 Dickinson, John W., 
 
 159 
 
 Francis, James B., 
 
 373 
 
 Dillavvay, W. E. L., 
 
 183 
 
 French, Elmer L., 
 
 387 
 
 Dillon, David L., 
 
 414 
 
 French, William A., 
 
 87 
 
 Dodge, Elisha P., 
 
 330 
 
 Frost, Rufus S., 
 
 379 
 
 Dodge, Theodore A., 
 
 282 
 
 Frothingham, F'dward (;., 
 
 394 
 
 Doe, Henry P., 
 
 461 
 
 Fuller, Homer T., 
 
 322 
 
 Donahoe. Patrick, 
 
 242 
 
 Fuller, Lorin ]^., 
 
 424 
 
 Donovan, James, 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 Douglas, William I,., 
 
 513 
 
 Gali:, John A., 
 
 393 
 
 Draper, Eben S., 
 
 232 
 
 (iALLUP, William A., 
 
 574 
 
 Draper, William F., 
 
 283 
 
 (iALviN, George W., 
 
 277 
 
 Dudley, Lewis J., 
 
 445 
 
 Galvin, Owen A., 
 
 208 
 
 Dudley, Nathan A. jM., 
 
 136 
 
 Gardner, Charles L., 
 
 591 
 
 Dunn, Daniel, 
 
 439 
 
 (Iargan, Thomas J., 
 
 276 
 
 (Iaston, William, 37 
 
 Gates, Merrill E., 67 
 
 Gaylord, Emerson, 434 
 
 CliLBERT, Frederick A., 210 
 
 (liLLETT, Edward B., 557 
 
 GiLLEiT, Frederick H., 337 
 
 (d.EASON, Daniel A., 538 
 
 {'■lines, Edward, 470 
 
 ( ll.OUCESTER, 495 
 
 { ;> lElTING, A. H., 340 
 
 GooDELL, Henry H., 72 
 
 Goodnow, F;dward A., 314 
 
 (louLD, Levi S., 599 
 
 (Iovernor's Council (portrait), 27 
 
 Grace, James J., 
 
 (iRAHAM, John M , 
 
 GR.AVES, Samuel L., 
 
 Gray, Hm.i.is R., 
 
 Gray, Horace, 
 
 Greely, Adolphus W., 
 
 Green, Samuel Abboit, 
 
 CiREEN, Samuel Swett, 
 
 Greene, J. Evarts, 
 
 Greenfield, 
 
 Greenhalge, Frederick T., 
 
 Greenough, James C, 
 
 Grinnell, James S., 
 
 Grou't, William L., 
 
 GuNN, Levi J., 
 
 GuRNEY, Orrin L, 
 
 Hadlock, Harvey D , 
 Ha(;ar, Daniel B., 
 Haggett, Alber't a., 
 Hai<:h, John, 
 Haile, W. H., 
 Hale, F^dward Everett, 
 Hall, Arthur H., 
 Hall, (i. Stanley, 
 Hamilton, Samuel K., 
 Hamlin, Charles S., 
 Hardini;, Alpheus, 
 Harrington, P^dwakd T., 
 Harrington, Francis A., 
 Harris, Francis A., 
 Hart, Thomas N., 
 Haskell, Edward H., 
 Haskell, Edwin B., 
 Hatch, Edward, 
 
 203 
 
 125 
 410 
 
 423 
 60 
 
 329 
 104 
 312 
 
 323 
 580 
 368 
 
 549 
 582 
 
 585 
 583 
 328 
 
 197 
 294 
 
 374 
 
 472 
 
 26 
 
 157 
 506 
 
 75 
 603 
 250 
 588 
 150 
 
 309 
 248 
 
 135 
 91 
 
 253 
 275 
 
INDEX. 
 
 617 
 
 Ha\krhii,i., 
 
 390 
 
 Hawkins, Richard V., 
 
 .547 
 
 Haves, Klihu B., 
 
 540 
 
 Haynes, Km(jrv J., 
 
 165 
 
 Haynes, John- C, 
 
 143 
 
 Henderson, John 1)., 
 
 533 
 
 Hir.( ;iNSoN, Thomas Went\v< )K1 h 
 
 ,301 
 
 Hii.iiRETH, Charles L., 
 
 327 
 
 Hill, William H., 
 
 249 
 
 Hoar, Georcje F., 
 
 45 
 
 Hoar, Sherman, 
 
 50 
 
 Holmes, Charles J., 
 
 4S7 
 
 Holmes, Edward 0., 
 
 427 
 
 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 
 
 213 
 
 Holvoke, 
 
 399 
 
 Hood, Charles I., 
 
 369 
 
 Hopewell, John, Jr., 
 
 181 
 
 Hopkins, Chari.f.s A., 
 
 21 1 
 
 Houghton, Alheri C, 
 
 566 
 
 How, Moses, 
 
 29 
 
 Howe, Julia Ward, 
 
 62 
 
 Howe, Simon H., 
 
 527 
 
 Howi^nd, William D., 
 
 364 
 
 Huddleston, J. S. F., 
 
 114 
 
 Hudson, John E., 
 
 237 
 
 Hudson, Town of, 
 
 604 
 
 Hunter, James, 
 
 570 
 
 HvDK, Henrv S., 
 
 339 
 
 Irwin, Richard \\ ., 
 
 Jackson, James F., 
 Jaques, Alden p., 
 Jenninos, Andrew J., 
 Jewett, Gilbert L., 
 Jewett, William S., 
 Johnson, Benjamin, 
 Johnson, Edward F., 
 Jones, Jerome, 
 
 444 
 
 494 
 398 
 493 
 571 
 466 
 240 
 522 
 84 
 
 Keene, W. (;. s., 
 
 547 
 
 Keith, George E., 
 
 511 
 
 Keith, Isaac Newton, 
 
 28 
 
 Keith, Preston B., 
 
 514 
 
 Keith, Ziba C, 
 
 509 
 
 Kilburn, Levi, 
 
 586 
 
 Kimball, John W., 
 
 iZ 
 
 King, Theophii.us, 
 
 458 
 
 Kingman, Hosea, 
 
 216 
 
 Kingslev, Chester W., 
 Kirkham, James, 
 KnsoN, Henry H., 
 KnsON, Samuel J., 
 Knkil, .-Xrthur S., 
 
 Lakin, James A., 
 Lawrence, City of, 
 Lawrence, Samuel C, 
 Leach, William W., 
 Lee, Henry, 
 Lee, Horace C, 
 Leland, Arthur S., 
 I .iNCOLN, Frederic W., 
 Lincoln, Leontine, 
 LiiTLE, Samuel, 
 Livermore, M^ry a., 
 ] .11CKE, Warren E., 
 LocKwooD, John H., 
 LoDiJE, Henry Cabo'J', 
 Long, John D., 
 Lougee, Miss A. M., 
 Lovell, Benjamin S., 
 Low, John G., 
 Lowe, .Arthur H., 
 Lowell, 
 Luce, Robert, 
 
 1 .YN^N, 
 
 M ALDEN, 
 
 Marcy, Henry O., 
 Marden, George A., 
 Marlborough, 
 Marsh, Henry A., 
 Mariin, Thomas, 
 Mason, Albert, 
 Mason, F'dward P., 
 M.vithews, N.\ihan, Jr., 
 Mayberry, George L., 
 McCall, Samuel W., 
 McClench, William \V., 
 McDonald, James W., 
 McDonnell, Thomas H., 
 McEiTRicK, Michael J., 
 McIntyre, Ch.4rles J., 
 Mead, N.athaniel J., 
 Medford, 
 Medina, John, 
 Mellen, Willlam M. E., 
 
 299 
 
 Melrose, 
 
 59T 
 
 338 
 
 Merrill, Esiei.lk M. H., 
 
 62 
 
 172 
 
 Merrill, (;eor(;e S., 
 
 464 
 
 148 
 
 Metcalf, Theodore, 
 
 132 
 
 552 
 
 M'Glenen, Henry A., 
 
 209 
 
 
 Millard, N. L., 
 
 568 
 
 558 
 
 Miller, Henry F., 
 
 130 
 
 460 
 
 Miller, Ira, 
 
 555 
 
 537 
 
 Miner, Alonzo A., 
 
 160 
 
 592 
 
 Mitchell, Austin R., 
 
 S18 
 
 T16 
 
 Mitchell, E. V., 
 
 28 
 
 355 
 
 MONSON, 
 
 594 
 
 264 
 
 Moody, Charles E., 
 
 99 
 
 1 10 
 
 Moody, William H., 
 
 392 
 
 490 
 
 Moore, Beverly K., 
 
 179 
 
 139 
 
 Morgan, Elisha, 
 
 29 
 
 62 
 
 Morris, Edward F., 
 
 596 
 
 474 
 
 Morse, Bushrod, 
 
 259 
 
 550 
 
 Morse, Elijah A., 
 
 47 
 
 51 
 
 Morse, E. Rollins, 
 
 106 
 
 39 
 
 Morse, George F., 
 
 29 
 
 62 
 
 Morse, Leopold, 
 
 134 
 
 251 
 
 Morton, John D., 
 
 86 
 
 263 
 
 M(.)SELEV, Edward A., 
 
 261 
 
 412 
 
 Moses, George W., 
 
 385 
 
 365 
 
 Mudge, Frank H., 
 
 258 
 
 475 
 
 Munn, Edwin L., 
 
 408 
 
 539 
 
 
 
 
 Na(;le, Richard, 
 
 546 
 
 416 
 
 New Bedford, 
 
 356 
 
 170 
 
 Newburyp(.)rt, 
 
 327 
 
 32 
 
 Newton, Cm' of 
 
 515 
 
 524 
 
 NiKiscH, Arthur, 
 
 163 
 
 310 
 
 Norcro.ss, James A., 
 
 318-319 
 
 381 
 
 NoiicROSS, Orlando W., 
 
 318-319 
 
 59 
 
 NoRDlCA, LlLLI.^N, 
 
 62 
 
 121 
 
 Ni iRTH Adams, 
 
 563 
 
 83 
 
 Northampton, 
 
 440 
 
 447 
 
 Norwood, John K., 
 
 462 
 
 109 
 
 
 
 430 
 
 O'Briezn, Hugh, 
 
 272 
 
 526 
 
 O'Callaghan, Denis, 
 
 243 
 
 459 
 
 Odell, Charles, 
 
 293 
 
 22 I 
 
 O'DoNNELL, John B., 
 
 441 
 
 300 
 
 O'Kane, Michael A., 
 
 70 
 
 534 
 
 Olin, William M., 
 
 31 
 
 5.>f' 
 
 Olmstead John, 
 
 344 
 
 473 
 
 O'Meara, Stephen, 
 
 129 
 
 437 
 
 O'Neil, Eugene J., 
 
 438 
 
6i8 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 O'Neii., Joseph H., 
 
 Orange, 
 ORCun, F. E., 
 Osborne, William M., 
 Os(;ooi), Joseph B. F., 
 Otis, John L., 
 Overman, A. H., 
 
 1'a(;ani, Joseph, 
 Page, Thomas C, 
 Paine, Charles J ., 
 Paine, John K., 
 Paine, John S., 
 Paine, Roueri Treaj, 
 Palmer, 
 Parker, Alice, 
 Parkman, Francis, 
 Parkman, Henry, 
 Parsons, Joseph M., 
 Peabodv, S. Endicoti, 
 Peach, Benjamin F., 
 Pearson, Charles H., 
 Pearsons, W. B. C, 
 Peck, Jabez L., 
 Pevkar, Henry A., 
 Pickman, John J., 
 Pierce, Henry L., 
 Pierce, James, 
 Pillsbury, Albert E., 
 Pinkerton, Alerei) S., 
 
 Piri-SFIELD, 
 
 Plunketl, William B., 
 Plympton, Noah A., 
 Pope, Albert A., 
 Pfiang, Lx)Uis, 
 Pratt, Charles B., 
 Preston, Andrew W., 
 Prince, Frederick H., 
 Prince, Frederick O., 
 Procter, Francis, 
 Provin, William, 
 
 QuiNCY, Ctiy oe, 
 quincy, josiah, 
 
 Raiifokd, Benjamin F., 
 R.^NT)ALL, Charles S., 
 R.\nney, Ambrose A., 
 Ranioul, Robert- S., 
 
 49 R.vi'shesky, Abr-Aham C, 
 
 584 Reed, George H., 
 
 137 Reed, Henry G., 
 199 Reed, James, 
 
 291 Reed, John Richard, 
 443 Reed, William, Jr., 
 433 Renfrew, James, Jr., 
 
 Revere, 
 
 254 Rice, Alexander H., 
 
 435 RicF, William, 
 
 236 Richards, Calvin A., 
 
 307 Richardson, Frank S., 
 
 138 Richardson, Philip K. A., 
 141 Richardson, Spencer W., 
 589 Richmond, George B., 
 
 62 Roads, Samuel, Jr., 
 
 102 RoBBiNS, Oliver W., 
 
 152 ROBERT'S, Charles G., 
 
 292 Robinson, George D., 
 290 Robinson, James T., 
 
 78 Roche, James Jeffrey, 
 
 191 Rogers, E. C, 
 
 403 Ross, Andrew F., 
 
 501 RoTCH, Morgan, 
 
 543 RoTCH, William J., 
 
 367 Russell, Charles Theod(_)re, 
 
 222 Russell, Daniel, 
 
 417 Russell, William E., 
 
 30 
 
 326 Salem, 
 
 500 Salisbury, Si'EPHf;N, 
 
 578 Saltons'iall, Levereti', 
 
 154 Sanborn, Daniel W., 
 
 195 Sanford, Arnold B., 
 
 1 1 2 Sargent, Dudley A., 
 
 316 Sava(;e, Minot J., 
 
 224 Sawyer, William F., 
 
 226 Schindler, Solomon, 
 
 247 Sears, J. Montgomery, 
 
 499 Seelye, Laurenus Clark, 
 
 556 Shafer, Helen A., 
 
 Shatiuck, (Ieorge ()., 
 
 454 Shaw, Edward P., 
 
 45 7 Shaw, Mary, 
 
 Shepard, John, 
 
 127 Shuman, a., 
 
 46 Shurilekf, Willia-M S., 
 
 207 Shute, Charles F., 
 
 288 Sibley, I,aw.son, 
 
 396 
 479 
 115 
 562 
 481 
 579 
 535 
 38 
 345 
 161 
 
 567 
 521 
 265 
 
 363 
 241 
 
 503 
 96 
 
 41 
 564 
 205 
 
 351 
 331 
 361 
 360 
 
 133 
 600 
 
 25 
 
 287 
 
 311 
 206 
 469 
 484 
 302 
 149 
 219 
 274 
 285 
 74 
 73 
 145 
 333 
 62 
 201 
 214 
 342 
 428 
 
 334 
 
 Simpson, James R., 465 
 
 . Speare, Alden, 5 1 7 
 
 Smith, Arthur F., 544 
 
 Smith, George E., 530 
 
 Smith, George H., 406 
 
 Smith, Sylvanus, 497 
 
 SoLFV, James R., 257 
 
 Somerville, 467 
 
 Spofford, John C; 531 
 
 Sprague, Charles F., 228 
 
 Spra(;ue Henry H., 202 
 
 Springfield, 334 
 
 Squire, John P., 218 
 
 Staples, Sylvanus N., 478 
 
 SlE.'iRN.S, EPHR.4IM, 28 
 
 Stearns, George M., 432 
 
 S'TEARNS, Thomas, 298 
 
 Stevens, Everett A., 1 1 1 
 
 Stevens, Frank S., 491 
 
 Stevens, George L., 23S 
 
 Stevens, Homer B., 551 
 
 Stevens, Moses T., 53 
 
 Stone, Amos, 529 
 
 Stone, F. M., 448 
 
 Stone, Jonathan, 535 
 
 S'lowE, Wii.LARD H., 593 
 
 Strahan, Thomas, 382 
 
 Stratton, Charlf:s C, 415 
 
 Stur'tevant', B. F., 151 
 
 Sullivan, Jeremiah F., 400 
 
 S\\asf;y, Gf:orge R., 220 
 
 Taun'ton, 476 
 
 Taylor, Charles H., 167 
 
 Taylor, CiF:t)RGE S., 431 
 
 ■J'aylor, Oliver, 391 
 
 Teele, John O., 171 
 
 Thayer, S. Proctor, 569 
 
 Thomas, Chauncy, 280 
 
 Thompson, Edward E., 520 
 
 Thomson, f^i.mu, 542 
 
 TiFFT, Lewis A., 349 
 
 Titcomb, Albert C , 332 
 
 ToLMAN, Bradshaw S., 453 
 
 Tompkins, Eugene, 131 
 
 Tower, Ashley B., 404 
 
 Tower, Henry, 607 
 
 Trask, Eliphalet, 354 
 

 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 Undf.rwi inn, Francis H., 
 
 227 
 
 Washburn, John D., 
 
 321 
 
 
 
 Wells, Gideon, 
 
 343 
 
 Van N0STR.AND, Alonzi) ('.., 
 
 281 
 
 Wemyss, James, 
 
 225 
 
 
 
 \Ventworth, Oliver M , 
 
 200 
 
 Waulin, HoRAt:E G., 
 
 •53 
 
 West, Charles A., 
 
 92 
 
 Wakefield, 
 
 601 
 
 West, John C, 
 
 505 
 
 Walks, (Ikorce O., 
 
 -^79 
 
 Westeielii, 
 
 54S 
 
 Walkkr, Clarence O., 
 
 4^5 
 
 West< >n, B\ron, 
 
 609 
 
 Walker, Francis A., 
 
 270 
 
 W'eymouth, George W., 
 
 413 
 
 Walker, Henry, 
 
 155 
 
 Wharton, \\^illiam F., 
 
 169 
 
 Walker, Joseph H., 
 
 55 
 
 Wheeler, John W., 
 
 587 
 
 Walkley, Lucius B., 
 
 560 
 
 Whipple, John J., 
 
 510 
 
 Wallace, Rodney, 
 
 411 
 
 Whitinc, Fred F., 
 
 239 
 
 Waltham, 
 
 446 
 
 Whiting, William, 
 
 402 
 
 Walworth, James J., 
 
 223 
 
 Whitman, William, 
 
 98 
 
 Wardwell, J. Otis, 
 
 397 
 
 Whitney, Henry M., 
 
 245 
 
 Warnock, Adam, 
 
 229 
 
 \\'niTNEY, Milton B., 
 
 554 
 
 Warren, James J., 
 
 320 
 
 Whitten, Charles \'., 
 
 23' 
 
 Warren, Nathan, 
 
 449 
 
 Whittier, Charles, 
 
 215 
 
 Warren, William F., 
 
 69 
 
 WiGGiN, Joseph F., 
 
 420 
 
 \\'illiams, Archbishop, 
 Williams, George Fred, 
 Willis, George S., 
 Winn, Henry, 
 \\'insi.o\v, Samliel, 
 WiNsoR, Alfred, 
 U'inthkop, RciHKRT C, 
 
 WoUURN, 
 
 Wolco'tt, Roger, 
 
 WONSON, W'lLLIAM H., 3d, 
 
 Woodbury, Charles Levi, 
 Woods, Edwin H. 
 Woods, Solomon A., 
 Worcester, 
 \N'right, Ashley B., 
 Wright, Carroll I)., 
 
 Young, Fr.ank L., 
 
 Zerrahn, Carl, 
 
 619 
 
 64 
 
 54 
 507 
 418 
 
 315 
 284 
 100 
 
 519 
 108 
 
 498 
 174 
 184 
 217 
 308 
 565 
 
 94 
 123 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 
 
 The publishers of Massachuseti-s of To-Day, recognizing the enormous amount of labor necessary to 
 its completion and faithfully performed, desire to offer their acknowledgments both to the large corps of editors 
 and correspondents throughout the State, and to those who have successfully contributed to the mechanical 
 excellence of the book. To Messrs. .Alfred Mudge & Son, printers, who have done the composition and press 
 work ; to the John Andrew & Son Company, engravers ; to the A. Storrs & Bement Company, who have supplied 
 the paper on which it is printed, and to Mr. H. W. Upham, bookbinder, whose earnest cooperation has made 
 the book possible, the publishers' thanks are due.