'iO-ii^^ 7) tn-L ^ ^-^ ^ ^ ^ FRUITS OF AMERICA THE FRUITS OF AMERICA, CONTAINING RICHLY COLORED FIGURES, jFiill SrsrriptiotiB iif all \\)t rjjaireat f anetirii niWhM IX T H K i;Xl'li:i> SJ'Ai'ES. m^ BY C. M. HOVEY, EDITOR OF THE lAIAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE; CORRESPONDINO MEMBER OP THE CIXCIKNNATI HOETICULTURAL SOCIEIT, OHIO ; OF THE CLEAVELAND HORTICDLTURAL SOCIETT, ETC. ; AND HONORARY MEMBER OF THE HORTICnl,TnRAL SOCIETIES OF NEW HAVEN, CONN.; PITTSBURG, PA.; ROCHESTER, N. T. ; STEUBENVILLE, OHIO ; BURLINGTON, IOWA ; COLUMBUS, OHIO ; NEW BEDFORD, MASS, ETC. YOLUME I. BOSTON: C. C. LITTLE & J AS. BROWN, AND HOVEY & CO. NEW-YORK: D. APPLETON & CO. T-EASUHE m^ hv Entered according to an act of Congress, in the year 1831, By C. M. HovEY, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. DCTTON AKD WENTWORTH, PRINTERS, No. 37, CmgitH Bticet, Boatoa. T O ALL LOVERS OF POMOLOGICAL SCIENCE, MORE ESPECIALLY TO THE SUBSCRIBERS THE FRUITS OF AMERICA, WHOSE AID AND ENCOURAGEMENT HAVE INSURED ITS SUCCESS, THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, BY THEIR FRIEND. THE AUTHOR i PREFACE. No ONE can be insensible to the rapid advancement which Pomological science has made, within a short period. By the accession of numerous foreign varieties of fruits, and by the introduction to notice of an immense number of native seed- lings, the small and meagre collections of former years, which might be readily enumerated by dozens, have* no\v accumulated to such an extent, that they are numbered by hundreds. By the labors of Van Mons and his Belgian associates, — of Noisette and his countrymen, — of Knight and other English cultivators, — as well as by the aid of our own amateur and practical Horti- culturists, the well-known fruits of the last century, with a few exceptions, have given way to those of the present: the ameliorating influences of cultivation, assisted by the principles of science, have given to the world a catalogue of Fruits of surpassing excellence. But with this great accumulation of kinds, — and along with the multitude of names, — has followed a confusion of nomen- clature which has greatly retarded the general cultivation of the newer and more valuable varieties ; and the labors of the most ardent Pomologists have long been devoted to the attempt to reduce the chaos of names to something like order. Much has already been accomplished. The London Horticultural Society, with all the means at its command, has been foremost in this zealous work ; and the exertions of numerous enthusiastic culti- vators, both at home and abroad, have aided in this laudable enterprise. But there still remains ^ a great deal to be done before Pomology can be rendered anything but an embarrassing and perplexing study. To contribute my share towards the accomplishment of this important work, has been the principal object of the publication of the Fruits of America. Having long experienced the disap- pointment ever consequent upon a confused nomenclature, in collecting together all the principal fruits at present known, I have thought I could not better serve the cause of Pomological science, than to attempt a work of this kind, as the most, if not the only, effectual means of arriving at the end in view. Vlll. I do not think it necessary to enter into any argument to show the great importance and value of colored drawings in identifying fruits, and detecting synonymes. They are now gen- erally acknowledged, when accurately and truthfully executed, — and accompanied w^ith faithful descriptions, — to be the only safe and reliable means of arriving at certain and satisfactory conclu- sions. The high estimation in which the elegant folios of Duhamel and Poiteau, and the splendidly-colored drawings in the Transactions of the London Horticultural Society, and the Pomological Magazine, are held by all Pomologists, attest this. They have been of essential service in accomplishing what has already been done towards the establishment of an uniform nomenclature. There is a national pride, too, which I feel in the publication of a work like this ; and that is, that the delicious fruits which have been producetl in our own country, many of them surpassed by none of foreign growth, — and which are rendered doubly the more valuable, because mured to our climate and adapted to our soil, — will be here beautifully depicted ; and thus show to the cultivators of the world that, though yet in the infancy of the art, the skill of our Pomologists, unaided, too, by the experience which cultivators abroad may so well claim, has already given them a fair start on the road to success ; and, favored by Prov- idence with a genial atmosphere and a cloudless sky, with the enterprise, intelligence, and perseverance, so characteristic of our people, why may we not hope that they will make the most rapid advance in a science whose results are so conducive to the health, the comfort, and the luxury of mankind. One of the peculiarities of the work I would particularly mention ; this is the engravings illustrating the habits and characters of the trees. No similar work has attempted any- thing of the kind. Their value, to me, seems of the greatest importance ; for, although to an un practiced eye little difference may be seen in many of the trees, to one who has studied them at all seasons, and in all their aspects — in spring when bursting into bud — in summer when w^reathed with foliage — in autumn when weighed dOwn with fruit — and in Avinter when divested of their verdure, — they have an indescribable likeness which will at once enable all, who can appreciate the variable forms peculiar to trees, to recognize each variety. Having thus stated my objects in presenting the Fruits of America to my countrymen, — leaving them to judge of the faithfulness of the work, — I have only to say, that no exertions will be spared to render the future volumes fully equal in every respect to this; and to surpass it so far as the beautiful art, in which it is executed, is capable of being improved. SUBSCRIBERS Albany, N. Y. Erastus Corning, (Quarto Copy.) S. Van Rensselaer, ( Quarto Copy.) New York State Lib. (Q. Copy.) Herman Wendell, Joel Rathbone, C. P. Williams. Angers, France. Andre Lero}-. Andover, Mass. Peter Smith, W. H. Wardwell. Boston. Abbott Lawrence, John J. Uixwell, Frederic Tudor, Isaac Livermore, Deming Jarves, Francis J. Oliver, Charles Francis Adams, Josiah Bradlee, H. H. Hunnewell, Wm. F. Whitney, (Quarto Copy.) Francis Skinner, John Dane, Charles H. Mills, Hugh R. Kendall, Jon. I. Bowditch, Aaron D. Weld, Samuel Do%vner, Jr., Henry Rice, Robert M. Morse, Ed. C. R. Walker, Charles Amory, Jonas Chickering, Samuel Appleton, Thomas H. Perkins, John A. Lowell, Mrs. John Heard, Ed. W. Dana, James Read, James W. Paige. Uriel Crocker. John N. Dcnnisan. John Henshaw, George A. Simmons, Winthrop Richardson, Edward A. Raymond, Samuel A. Eliot, George W. Shaw, Charles G. Loring, Nathan Appleton, John C. Warren, Joseph V. Bacon, Henry W. Dutton, J. S. Copley Greene, Lemuel Pope, William R. Austin, John J. May, John L. Tucker, John H. Wilkins, Lorenzo D. Prouty, Benjamin Loring, Joseph Breck, Edward Chamberlain, John S. Hooper, M. S. Scudder, James Brown, Charles C. Little, Ed. S. Rand, Otis Brewer, Aaron D. Webber, Levi Brigham, George W. Wales, James Vila, Mass. State Library, (Q. Copy. J James G. Thompson, David A. Simmons, Mass. Hort. Soc, (Quarto Copy. J Edward N. Perkins. Joel Nourse, Gardiner H. Shaw, James Wentworth, M. H. Simpson. Burlington, Iowa. Horticultural Society, E. D. Rand. Black Rock, N. Y. Lewis F. Allen. Bridgevv'ater, Mass. Nahum Stetson. Baltimore, Md. William C. Wilson. Brighton, Mass. Lyman Winship. Burlington, Vt. Chauneey Goodrich. Buffalo, N. Y. Buffalo Horticultural Society, Lewis Eaton, H. M. Rogers. Bangor, Me. Isaac Farrar. Cambridge, Mass. Edward Everett, Zelotes Hosmer, George Livermore, William Greenough, Samuel P. Allen, Nathaniel J. Wyeth, Aaron Rice, Hiram Brooks, Daniel Chaplain, Aaron B. Magoun, E. A. Sophocles, John Livermore, Edward Dowling, Z. L. Raymond, Jesse Fogg, William G. Stearns, Jared Sparks, Joel Parker, Charles Beck. Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati Horticultural Society, A. H. Ernst. Columbia, S. C. Henr}' Lyons. Coshocton, Ohio. T. S. Htimriokhousp. (Q. Copy.) X. Chicago, 111. i Chicago Horticultural Society. Concord, Mass. John B. Moore, Canawdaigua, N. Y. John Greig, (Quarto Cojnj.) Cank Crekk, N. C. J. & T. Lindiej. Charlestown, N. H. Richard Hubbard. Cleaveland, Ohio. Cleaveland Horticultural Society, William Case, F. R Elliott. Columbus, Ga. Charles A. Peabody, (2 copie.s.) Chicopee. Mass. Rufus Whittier. Dorchester, Mass. Edward and Franklin King. John H. Welch, Detroit, Mass. J. C. Holmes. Dayton, Ohio. J. D. Philips. DuxBCRT, Mass. J. A. Sampson. East Bridgewater, Mass. George Bryant. East Greenwich, R. I. Benjamin H. Barber. Flushing, L. I. William R. Prince. Fair Grove, N. C. Charles Mock. Great Bend, N. Y. Charles E. Clarke. Hempstead, L. I. Robert Parnell. Hancock, N. H. Ebenezer Ware, Jr. Jersey City, N. J. D. S. Gregory, (Quarto Copy.) Leominster, Mass. Frederick Hills. Lynn, Mass. Richard S. Fay. LONGMEADOW, MaSS. Francis T. Cordis. MoRRISTOWN, N. J. Samuel J. Gustiu. Marblehead, Mass. John Hooper, Jr. Mount Carmel, Ohio. Robert Neal. Mabetsville, N. Y. John. R. Comstock. New York. Robert T. Underhill, William Roberts, J. M. Thorburn, &. Co. P. S. Van Rensselaer, R. F. Carman, George C. Thorburn, Thomas Oliver, D. F. Manice, (Qiuirto Copy.) Charles Stetson, (Quarto Copy.) R. B. Coleman, (Quarto Copy.) Fred. Griffing, (Quarto Copy J Thomas Dunlap. William Niblii, Thomas Hogg, William T. McCoun, J. De Wolfe. Newburg, N. Y. A.J. Downing, Charles Downing, A. Saul. New Bedford, Mass. Henry H. Crapo, S. w'. Rodman. Norton, Mass. Ira Barrows. New Haven, Conn. John Bromham. Philadelphia. Penn. Hort. Soc, (Quarto Copy.) John P. W^etherell, William Wetherell, D. Ritchie. Princeton, N. J. Richard S. Field. Providence, R. I. B. W. Comstock. QuiNCY, Mass. William Torrey. RoxBURY, Mass. George R. Russell, John Parkinson, Horatio Davis, Raynham, Mass. John A. Hall. Reading, IVLiss. Seth H. Temple. Rochester, N. Y. E. F. Crissey, J. W. Bissell. James H. Watts, James F. Whitney, James C. Campbell, J. R. Murray, D. M. Dewey, Ellwanger & Barry. Stoneham, Mass. Amasa Farrier. Salem, Mass. Joseph H. Cabot. Springfield, Mass. Benjamin K. Bliss. Saxonville, Mass. D. H. Burns. Springfield, III. W^illiam C. Greenleaf. Syracuse, N. Y. E. W. Leavenworth, Thorpe & Smith. St. Louis, Mo. St. Louis Hort. Soc. ^Qjwr. Copy.) Troy, N. Y. William Hopkins, D. T. Vail. Taunton, Mass. William R. Crocker. W^ashington, D. C. U. S. Pat. Office, ^Quarto Copy.) Congres. Library, (Quarto Copy.) Francis P. Blair, Edmund Burke, George W. Riggs, Jr. Joshua Pierce. Waterville, N. Y. Amos O. Osborn, William R. Osborn, Charles D. Palmer, James M. Tower. Winchendon, Mass. H. Harwood. Waltham, Mass. George Leland. Watertown, Mass. John P. Cashing. West Needham, Mass. G. G. Hubbard. Wilmington, Mass. Walter Blanchard. Worcester, Mass. Worcester Horticultural Society. John W. Lincoln, D. Waldo Lincoln, Sam'l Salisbury, (Quarto Copy.) John C Mason, Samuel H. Colton. C N T E X T S O'The Standard names arc in Roman letter; and the Sijuoin/mcs in Italics. APPLES. Baldwin, 11 Late Baldwin, 11 Benoni, 83 Early Harvest, 75 Early French Reinette. 73 ( Hubbardston Nonsuch, G7 Harvest, 75 July Pippin, 73 July Early Pippin, 75 Large Early, 75 Large Early Harvest, 75 Large White Juneating, 73 , Northern Spy, 19 Pecker, 11 Porter, 43 Prince's Harvest, 75 Red Astrachan, 33 Steele's Red Winter, 11 Tart Bough, 73 Yellow Harvest, 75 CHERRIES. Allen's Favorite, 23 Bigarreau de Mai, 33 Baumann's May, 33 Black Eagle, 83 Cerise Anglaise Tardive 37 Early Purple Guigne, 93 Early Purple Griotte, 93 Late Duke, 37 May Bigarreau, 55 Sweet Montmorency, 23 PEACHES. Crawford's Early, 29 Crawford's Early Melacaton, 29 Early York, 43 Early Purple, 45 Early Crawford, 29 Large Early York, 45 Stetson's Seedling, 33 PEARS. Andrews, 97 Amory, 97 Barnard, 51 Belle Heloise, 47 Belle de Berry, 47 Belle Lucrative, 41 Beurre d' Aremberg, 1 Beurre d' Aremberg, 7 Beurre Descfiamps, ] Beurre Bosc, 65 Beurre Diel, 77 Beurre d' Yelle, 77 Beurri d' Yelle, 65 Beurre d' Hirer Nouvelle, 7 Beurre d'Hardenpont, 7 Beurre de Malines, 15 Beurre de Cambron, 7 Beurri des Orphelines, 1 Beurre on Bonne Louise Auradore, 39 Beurre d' Anjou, 61 Beurre Incomparable, 77 Beurre Magnijique, 77 Beurre Royal, 77 Beurre Sieulle, 17 Beurri^ Spence, 51 Beurrt^ Lucrative, 41 Bergamot d'Avranches, 39 Bergamot Lucrative, 41 Bonne de Malines, 15 Bosch, 51 Bosc Sire, -. 31 Base's Flaschenhirne, 13 Boitche Nouvelle, 31 Bt illiant, 31 Burger meester, 47 Calebasse Bosc, 65 Celesiin, 5 Colmar Deschainps, 1 Colmar d'Hiver, 7 Clion, 47 D' Aremberg Parfait, 1 De Melon, 77 Dearborn's Seedling 63 Xll. Deschumps, 1 Despoilberg, 13 - Diel....... 77 Dix, 69 Des Trois Tours 77 Diets Butlerhirne, 77 Dillen, 77 Dorothee Royal, '7 Doijenne d'Ete, 59 Doyenne de Juillet, 59 Doyenne Boussock, 31 Doyenne Boussock Nouvelle, 31 Doyenne Brovssach, 31 Doyenne Sieulle, 17 Duchess of Angoulcme. 73 Duchess of Orleans, 91 Due d' Aremberg, 1 Dumas, 47 Etourneau, 15 Flemish Beauty, 51 Fondante d^ Automne^ 41 Fondante du Bois, 51 Fourcroy Bouvier, 77 Gibson, 07 Golden Beurre of Bilboa,. . , 99 Golden Beurre, 99 Gore^s Heathcot, 89 Gros Dillen, 77 Grosse Dorothee., 77 Glout Morceau, 7 Got Luc de Cambron, 7 Goulu Morceau, 7 Hardenpont d'Hiver, 7 Hardenpont's Winter Butterbeirne, 7 Heathcot, 89 Hooper's Bilboa, 99 Jmperatricc de France, 51 Josephine, 51 Kronprim Ferdinand, 7 Kronprinz Ferdinand Van Oestreich, 7 Las Canas, 71 L' Orpoline, 1 La Belle de Flandres, 51 La Bonne Malinoise, 15 LeCure, 47 Linden d'Automne, 7 ^ Louise Bonne of Jersey, 39 Louise Bonne de Boulogne, 5 Louise Bonne d'Avranches, 39 Melon de Kops, 77 Milanaise Cuvelier, 15 Monsieur, 47 Monsieur le Cure, 47 Marianne Nouvelle, 65 A'e Plus Meuris, 61 Nelis d'Hiver, 15 Onondaga, 21 Onondaga Seedling, 21 Paradise d'Automne, 57 Pater Nolle, 17 Poire de Boulogne, 5 Poire de Jersey, 39 Poire de Mons, 13 Roi de IVurtemberg, 7 liosliezer 49 Saint Andre, 79 Soldat Labourer, 1 Sieulle, 17 Stuck, 7 Summer Doijenne, 59 Swan's Orange, 21 Sylvange Verte d'Hiver, 77 Tyson, 33 Van Mons Leon le Clerc, 5 Vicompte de Spoelberch, 13 Vicomple de Spoelberg, 13 Winter Nelis, 15 William the Fourth, 39 Vicar of Winkjield, 17 PLUMS. Bolmar, 87 Bolmars Washington, 87 Bury Seedling, 81 Coe's, 81 Coe's Golden Drop, 81 Coe's Imperial, 81 Fair's Golden Drop, 81 Franklin, 87 Golden Gage, 81 Golden Drop, 81 King of Plums, 81 New Washington, 87 New Golden Drop, 81 Superior Gage, 87 Superior Green Gage, 87 Thomas, 95 Washington, 87 Waterloo, 81 STRAWBERRIES. Boston Pine, 27 Hovey 's Seedling, 25 TEE BEUEEE D J^EEMBE'EG PEAP. Fruits oF America, i' fate iT" I'rawTi from xVature & CiiXofiLO Slfi<^ hv iiliarp ^ i'oJL. THE BEURRE^ D'AREMBERG PEAR. Beukre'' d'Aremberg. Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 406. Due d'Aremberg, ) Deschamps, > Hort. Soc. Catalogue, 3d Ed. 1842. L'Orpoline, ) Beurre' des Orphelines,\ Beurre' Deschamps, \ ^ /-. n x- ^ T^ ' V of some Collections. CoLMAR Deschamps, D'A.tEMBERG PaRFAIT, I SoLDAT Labourer, of some French and Belgian Collections. Among all the pears, which have been produced by the French and Belgian pomologists, none hold a higher rank than the Beurre d'Aremberg. It pos- sesses, in a remai'kable degree, all those superior qualities — ^liardiness, adaptation to various soils, pro- ductiveness, ripening freely, and keeping well — which constitute a first-class fruit. It is now upwards of twenty-five years since it was first introduced to Eng- land, and more than twenty years since it was added to American collections, through the liberality of the late Mr. Knight, who sent it to the Hon. John Lowell, from which source it has been disseminated ; but it is, with us, compara- tively a new variety, and, as yet, very httle known. M. Noisette, a cele- brated French cultivator, many years ago, as early as 1805, introduced to Paris a fine pear, which he brought from the Due d'Aremberg's garden, in Belgium, which was widely disseminated as the BemTe d'Aremberg; but it subsequently proved to be the Glout Morceau, and hence has arisen the confusion which now exists in regard to these varieties. Proba- bly not more than one in ten of all the trees which are sold from the French nurseries, are the true d'Aremberg; and it has been doubted by some, whether the latter is even known in their collections. Several of the Enghsh nurseries also disseminate the Glout Morceau under the name of the Beurre d'Aremberg, and many American nurserymen still continue the same error. It is singular that so great a mistake should have been so long perpetuated, when the trees are so very dissimilar ; and it shows how important, in the identification of varieties, are the wood, leaves, and habit of growth of the tree. The Beurre d'Aremberg was raised about thirty-five years ago, by the Abbe Deschamps, at Enghein, in the garden of the Hospice des Orphe- lines, in that city. Deschamps called it, after the place, Beurre des [U BEURRE' D'AKEMBERG PEAR. Oi-phelines; M. Van Mons soon after named it Beurre Beauchamps, in honor of its discoverer; others called it Bern-re d'Hai'denpont ; and finally, the name of Beurre d'Aremberg was given to it by mistake, but, becoming most general, it has been retained. After so many years of confusion, in regard to the BemTe d'Aremberg and Glout Morceau, it is a principal object with cultivators to know every means of identifying the two lands ; and we have selected these two varieties, not only on account of their intrinsic merits, but in order to bring together a comparison in this respect. The fruits of the two ripen at the same season, and often have a great resemblance; but in all other characteristics there can be no two kinds scarcely more unhke. The habit of growth of the Beurre dAxemberg is erect and regular, — that of the Griout Morceau, spreading and irregular. This we have illus- trated in the vignettes accompanying our descriptions of each, which ai-e taken from oui* specimen trees, three years planted out, and now in a bearing state. The wood of the Bern-re d'Ai'emberg is slender, long- jointed, with short, rounchsh buds, and of a clear yellowish brown ; — that of the Glout Morceau, stout, short-jointed, with veiy prominent, pointed, diverging buds, and of a dai-k ohve. The leaves of the former are nar- row and folded, with scarcely any serrature ; — those of the latter, broad, wavy, and deeply serrated. The Beurre d'Aremberg is a most productive variety, and to have the fruit of good size it is necessary to thin them considerably. The fruit has, also, the rare merit of not being blown off the trees easily by heavy winds. It grows freely either upon the quince or pear, and comes into bearing, generally, about the third year. It prefers a good strong loamy soil, but produces good crops on such as are quite unfavorable to some other varieties. The fruit, when gathered, if put into clean barrels or boxes and placed in a cool situation, ripens as freely as the Baldwin apple. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, erect, with upright branches, rather compact and regular in growth ; the lateral shoots often pushing near the extremity of the main branches. Wood. — Clear yellowish brown, sprinkled with oblong, pale brown specks; on trees of some age, sHghtly raised above the bark; growth erect, rather slender, long-jointed, with small, short, plump buds : Flower-buds oval, with smooth brown scales. Leaves. — Medium size, oblong, tapering little to the end, rather hght green, nearly entire on the old wood, but shghtly serrated on the young growth, somewhat folded, and often with the mid-rib much recurved: petioles medium length. [2] BEURRE' D'AREJMBERG PEAR. Flowers. — Large, yellowish white; petals oblong, recurved at the edges, and tapering much to the claw, which is long. Fruit. — ^Medium size, often large, about three inches long and two and three quailers in diameter: Form, obovate, slightly angular, full at the crown, and tapering gradually to the stem: Sldn, somewhat rough, pale green, becoming pale yellow when mature, russeted around the eye, with many tracings and slight markings of bright russet over the surface : Stem, short, about half an inch, stout, knobby and uneven, green and brown, fleshy at the base, and very obliquely inserted without any cavity : Eye, small, closed, and deeply sunk in a smooth, funnel-shaped basin ; segments of the calyx short, sometimes entirely absent : Flesh, yellow- ish white, rather coarse, melting and very juicy : Flavor, exceedingly rich, vinous, refreshing and dehcious, with a high perfume : Core, lai'ge : Seeds, large, roundish, plump, pale brown. The usual season of maturity is January, but it often ripens as early as November, and, with Httle care, it may frequently be kept till Feb- ruary. [3] ^-... \\ TEE CtlOUT MORCEAU PEAR. PniLts of Aiiit;r[rd, Elare JN'° Drawn f'roia ffrtture (.'liromo litlif Iiv Slkirp li Son. THE GLOUT MORCEAU PEAR. >- Hort. Soc. Cat., 3d Ed. 1842. Glout Morceau. Hort. Trans., vol. vii., p. 179, pi. 4, fig. 2. Beurre' d'Hardenpont, "^ Hardenpont d'Hiver, CoLMAR d'Hiver, Beurre' d'Hiver Nouvelle, Got Luc de Cameron, Kronprinz Ferdinand, Beurre' de Cambron, Kronprinz Ferdinand Von Oestreich, Linden d'Automne, roi de wurtemberg, GouLu Morceau, Hardenpont's Winter Butterbirne, Stuck, Beurre' d'Aremberg, of French Authors and Collections of some German Collections. The Glout Morceau, from its having been so generally disseminated under the name of the Beurre d'Aremberg, is to be found in almost every good collection of pears ; and those who have re- ceived it under that name may be gratified to know, that they possess a variety, whose merits, according to Mr. R. Thompson, ai-e superior to those of the true Beurre d'Aremberg. Though we do not give it a higher rank than the latter pear, still we consider it in every respect as equal to it, and deserving a place in all collections, however small and select. The two varieties are quite unhke as regards flavor ; the Beurre d'Aremberg being sprightly and vinous, while the Glout Morceau is rich and sugary, mthout the least acid. Those, therefore, who hke a sweet or honied peai', would give the preference to the latter; while those who hke a brisk and refreshing one, to the former. It is a remarkably hardy and vigor- ous variety, preferring a strong soil rather than a hght one ; an abundant beai'er, ripening freely and keeping well. It succeeds admirably upon the quince, small trees producing very heavy crops ; but, on the pear, it is more tardy in coming into bearing than the d'Aremberg. We have already stated that one of the principal objects, in selecting the BemTe d'Aremberg and Glout Morceau for this number, was to make a comparison of the two, and point out the means of identification, that the confusion so long existing might be cleai*ed up. In om' account of the Beurre d'Aremberg, we described the difierence in the growth, wood, and leaves of each ; and the accompanying vignettes are annexed to rep- [51 GLOUT MORCEAU PEAR. resent more plainly the dissimilarity of habit, — so great as to distinguish them at the first glance. Our artist has executed our drawing with great fidehty ; and a careful comparison of the wood and leaves of the two va- rieties, will show how much they differ in these important points. The Glout Morceau is more variable in its form than the Beurre d'Aremberg, but its general shape is that we have represented, which is from a stand- ard tree upon the pear stock : frequently they are more obtuse and an- gular, with very stout stems, somewhat resembhng the quince, especially when grown upon the quince stock ; and our outhne engTaving on the next page represents a specimen of the latter character. The Glout Morceau was raised in Belgium, by Counsellor Harden- pont, of Mons, and was sent to England, at the same time as the Bem-re d'Aremberg, in 1820, by M. Parmentier, of Enghein. Mr. Knight sent it to Mr. Lowell, in 1832, under the name of Colmar d'Hiver, and Mr. Manning received it just afterwards, from the London Horticultural So- ciety. The meaning of the name has been a subject of much conjecture and inquuy ; and the explanation which appears most reasonable is that of Mr. Thompson, who thinks it originated from the words Glout (or Goulu), sitgar, and Morceau, morsel — ^meaning, from its richness, sugar or honied morsel ; an appellation which it fully deserves. In the Pomologkal Ilagazine, (vol. ii. p. 83,) is a figure of the Beurre d'Aremberg pear, but so unlike any specimens which have come under our observation, as to lead us to the supposition that it was made from the Glout Morceau, by mistake. The wood is described as clear yellow- ish brown, while, in the plate, it is dark olive ; the leaves ai'e stated to be nearly entire, while they are represented with deep serratm^es ; the stem, which is so pecuhar and obhque in the Beurre d'Aremberg, is long, straight, smooth, and deeply inserted, in the drawing ; and, finally, the flavor is stated to be " extraordinary rich and sweet," while Mr. Thomp- son has very recently described it as having an " acidity" which some do not approve. M. Poiteau figures it, in his Pomologie Fmngaise, (vol. ii. pi. 70,) as the BemTe d'Aremberg; and M. Noisette, in the Jardin Fruit- ier, (vol. iii. p. 170,) gives a drawing of it under the same name. Tree. — ^Vigorous, branching off regularly from the main stem, at right angles, when the trees are young, but, at the age of four or five years, assuming a spreading, nregular, and often declining habit. Wood. — Dark ohve, sprinkled with distinct, round, grayish specks, short-jointed, with short, stout, crooked spurs ; on its becoming older, the bark assumes a very pecuHai' grag appeai-ance ; buds, diverging, broad at the base, short, and very pointed; flower-buds of medium size, oblong, tapering much to the point, with rather smooth, brown scales. 16] GLOUT MORCEAU PEAR, Leaves. — Broad, thick, deep green, wavy at the edges, deeply and sharply serrated : petioles rather short and stout. Flowers. — Medium size, about an inch in diameter, of a beautiful white, and opening nearly flat. Fruit. — Lai'ge, about three inches long and two and a half in diameter: Form, shghtly oblong, large and full at the crown, suddenly contracted near the stem, and ending in an obtuse point : Skin, rough and pale green, be- coming of a rich, waxen yellow when mature, russeted around the stem, with traces of russet over the surface, inter- spersed with dark greenish and grayish russet specks : Stem, medium length, about one inch, very thick, especially when taken from the tree ; uneven, smooth, pale russety brown, and obhquely inserted in a shght cavity: Eye, medium size, open and deeply sunk in a rather fm-rowed basin : Flesh, white, fine, buttery, melting and very juicy : Flavor, rich, sugaiy, perfumed and dehcious : Core, lai'ge : Seeds, large. Ripe from December to February, according to the season ; its usual period, December. 17] THETA.V MOA^S lEOK IE CLERC PEAPv Irucrs oF ATiwrica , prate F Drawn from Ifatiire S- CTn'omc Irfli'T 5^ iSharv &- ^'^ THE VAN MONS LE ON LE CLERC PEAR. Van Mons Le^on le Clekc, Gard. Mag., vol. xv., p 579. Poire de Boulogne, 1 Celestin, \ of some French Collections. Louise Bonne de Boulogne, j No peai* of recent introduction has been heralded with more praise than the Van Mons Leon le Clerc. Some writers have called it the best pear in exist- ence; wliile others, among whom was Van Mons, have given it the highest rank among the numer- ous varieties which have been produced. These encomiums, however, have not been improperly be- stowed, for its character has been fully maintained since its introduction to American collections, not- withstanding the last was rather an unfavorable season for some varieties. It possesses the good quahties of hai'diness, productiveness, and coming early into bearing; and, notwithstanding the very large size of the fruit, it ripens off well, attaining a rich and beautiful color, and comes in at a desirable season, between the late fall and early winter varieties, when there is a scarcity of first-rate pears. Viewing all its properties, it may be truly ranked among the best which have yet enriched our collections. The Van Mons Leon le Clerc is stated to have been raised from seed by M. Leon le Clerc, of Laval, France, and a full account of its origin will be found in the Magazine of Horticulture, (vols. vi. p. 47, and vii. p. 285.) It was offered for sale, in the faU of 1838, by M. Langeher, of Jersey, in whose hands M. le Clerc placed the entire stock. The supe- riority of the specimens exhibited before the London Horticultural Soci- ety, and the opinion of Mr. Thompson that its quahties were of "first- rate excellence," created a great demand for the trees, which were disposed of at a guinea each. The Leon le Clerc flourishes equally as well upon the quince as upon the pear, and comes early into bearing, about as early as WilHams's Bon Chretien. A rich, warm and deep soil seems to be the most favorable to the growth of superior fruit. Tkee. — Moderately vigorous, with upright and somewhat irregular branches; the bark on the old wood assuming, in different places, a dark, coarse and crackled appearance, similar to that of an oak. Wood. — Clear yellowish oHve, rather short-jointed, very smooth on the young growth, and sprinkled with distinct, slightly oblong, grayish [9] VAN MONS LE'ON LE CLERC PEAR. white specks ; buds, medium size, short, flattened and pointed, with rather prominent shoulders : Flower-buds long and rather obtuse, with loose, grajdsh scales. Leaves. — ^Medium size, rather long and narrow, tapering much to the point, nearly smooth, bright green and glossy, with scarcely perceptible serratures : petioles long and slender. Flowers. — Small; petals yellowish white. Fruit. — ^Large, about four and a half inches long, and three inches in diameter: Form, obtuse pyramidal, nearly regular, largest about the middle, tapering to a shghtly obtuse point at the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, pale yellow, becoming orange when mature, httle russeted at the base of the stem, shghtly browned on the sunny side, and regulaiiy sprinkled with numerous small russet specks: Stem, medium length, about one inch, moderately stout, curved, and obhquely inserted, httle on one side, in a very shallow cavity: Eye, large, open, and rather deeply depressed in an open and shghtly ridged basin ; segments of the calyx long, pointed, and so much reflexed as to he quite back upon the fruit : Flesh, yellowish, fine, buttery, melting and juicy : Flavor, rich, brisk, vinous, perfumed and dehcious : Core, medium size : Seeds, large, veiy long and pointed. BiPE in November, and is in eating from four to five weeks. [10] TPr£ BALDWIN" APPLE Pi'uit? of America, Pl.ite N^' DriiM'ii f'rori! .Naliiie & CIiToiiiu, Fttli'' by Sliarp w li'oh THE BALDWIN APPLE. Baldwin. Thatcher's American Orchardist, p. 121. Pecker, 1 Late Baldwin, > of some American Collections. Steele's Red Winter, } The Baldwm is the most populai' apple of New England, and is cultivated to a much gi-eater ex- tent than any other variety. Several lai'ge and fine orchards are to be found in the vicinity of Boston, some of which produce about one thou- sand barrels of fruit every bearing year. For ex- portation, it is much sought after; and the lai-ge number of fifteen hundi'ed barrels have been sent to the East Indies in one season. Considering the hardiness, vigor, productiveness, and adapta- tion to all soils, of the Baldwin, and its size, beauty, long keeping and superior flavor, it must be ranked among the veiy finest apples which this country has yet produced. The Baldwin originated in the town of Wilmington, in Middlesex Coun- ty, about a century ago ; and the most correct account of it we have ever read, appeared in the Magazine of Horticulture for 1835, (vol. i.) The original tree grew on the farm of Mr. John Ball : this farm was situated about three miles southeast of Lowell: Mr. Ball purchased the farm, then wholly uncultivated, about the yeai' 1740, and, not long after, this vaiiety came up in a lane leading from the house to the bam. Its cul- tivation was confined to the immediate neighborhood for many years, when the late Col. Baldwin, of Woburn, became acquainted with it. He at once perceived its great excellence and brought it into notice, and fi-om him it received its present name. In 1817, the original tree was ahve, but, between that period and 1832, it disappeared. From Woburn, the cultivation of this apple extended to the adjoining towns, and, in West Cambridge and Watertown, the orchards which were planted were chiefly filled with Baldwins. From the period of its first introduction to notice, it has continued to increase in popularity, and, at the present time, notwithstanding the increase of new sorts, the variety which is in the greatest demand with nm-serymen, as weU as that which is the most sought after in the market, is the Baldwin. The Baldwin grows vigorously and forms a large and handsome head, rather compact, unless judiciously pruned. It appears adapted to all soils ; but that which suits it best, and in which the finest and highest- colored specimens are produced, is a strong, rich loam. nn BALDWIN APPLE. Teee. — ^Vigorous, very straight, erect, and regularly branched when young, as represented in the vignette, which is from a tree two yeai's budded ; when full grown, forming a large round head. Wood. — Deep reddish chestnut, stout, slightly downy, rather long- jointed, and sprinkled with large, round, white specks ; buds rather large, with prominent shoulders, broad, obtuse, flattened and inclining towards the branch. Flower-buds oval, with brown scales, and slightly woolly. Leaves. — Lai^ge, thick, cordate at the base, roundish ovate, suddenly tapering to a point, doubly and rather obtusely serrated, wavy, and cmied inwards at the edges ; the under side downy, with strong, reddish nerves ; petioles stout and rather short; stipules medium length, hneai\ Flowees. — Large and showy, tinged with pink Feuit. — Large, about two and a half inches deep, and three brood: Form, roundish, largest about the middle, and naiTowing little to the eye : Skin, fair, smooth, glossy, bright yellow in the shade, but neai'ly covered with deep orange red, approaching to scarlet, indistinctly striped with crimson, and covered with prominent grayish specks, thickest near the crown; blotched with russet in the cavity around the stem, which, in soine specimens, extends in irregular tracings over the base of the fruit: Stem, medium length, about three quai'ters of an inch, rather slender, curved, and obhquely inserted in a regular and moderately deep cavity: Eye, medium size, closed, and sunk in a rather deep and slightly plaited or furrowed hollow ; segments of the calyx long ■ and woolly : Flesh, yellowish, fine, crisp and tender : Juice, abundant, sugary, with a delicious admixtui-e of acid, rich, brisk, and high-flavored: Core, medium size, very close : Seeds, rather lai-ge and pointed, but mostly abortive. Ripe in December, and keeps in excellent condition till May or June [12] THE YICOHPTE EE SPOEIBERCE PEAR. Prartx of AwrrcaPlate f " DraiviitroniFalui'eA Chronic Iitfi'i b)- SFiarp & Son. THE VICOMPTE DE SPOELBERCH PEAR. VicoMPTE DE Spoelberch. Revue des Revues. {N. E. Farmer, vol. x.) ViCOMPTE DK SpOILBERG, 1 Despoilberg, \ of some French Collections. Poire de Mons, ^ About the year 1829, the late Mr. Manning, Gen, Dearborn, and Wm. Kenrick, with the zeal which they ever manifested in pomological science, opened a cor- respondence with Dr. Van Mons, for the purpose of securing some of the new and fine varieties of pears which he had originated. Then- request for scions was most hberally complied with, and, in the spring of 1831, upwards of seventy varieties were received, em- bracing, as Dr. Van Mons stated, the sorts which pos- sessed the "greatest merit" in his extensive collection; and, among them, the Spoelberch. With the scions, Dr. Van Mons sent a copy of his Pomographie Belgiqiie Moderne, which con- tained Hthographed figures of several of his choicest seedhngs, and also several parts of the Revue des Revues, a work in which complete descrip- tions of all his best pears were to be given by himself. Gen. Dear- born immediately made a translation of the descriptions of those which Dr. Van Mons designated as the best, and the Vicompte de Spoelberch was one of the number. In consequence of the high character given to this variety, cultivators were very anxious to possess it ; but we beheve, until 1845, it had not fruited in any of the collections around Boston. Unfortunately, the first package of scions received were so long de- layed on the passage, that nearly or quite all died. Later, a duphcate lot of scions was forwarded, but the Vicompte de Spoelberch was one among the number which never survived. It first fruited in oui" collec- tion in 1845, firom trees received from Jersey, and it proves to be an ex- ceedingly rich and dehcious pear, somewhat of the character of the Winter Nelis. It was named in honor of the Vicompte de Spoelberch, a mem- ber of the Botanical and AgTicultural Society of Louvain. The Vicompte de Spoelberch is of moderately vigorous growth, and flourishes either upon the pear or quince stock. It comes into bearing early, and is a productive variety. Our specimens were from a small tree upon the quince,' about four years from the bud or graft. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, erect, and of rather compact habit, with the ends of the branches inclining towards the main stock : annual shoots rather stout, wrinkled, and contorted. [13] t VICOMPTE DE SPOELBERCH PEAR. Wood. — Yellowish brown, stout, short-jointed, and thickly sprinkled mth grayish white specks; annual shoots w^oolly; buds large, short, broad, pointed, and flattened : Flower-buds large, oblong-oval. Leaves. — Large, elongate, pointed, smooth, dark green, narrower towards the end than at the base, recurved, and somewhat folded, uTeg- ularly and rather obtusely serrated ; petioles short and rather slender. FlowePvS. — Medium size, very slightly cupped; petals oblong. Fruit. — ^Large, about three inches long, and two and a half in diam- eter : Form, obovate, full, and slightly flattened around the eye, swollen towards the middle, and contracted near the stem, where it is also a little flattened : Skin fan-, shghtly rough, greenish yellow, becoming of a fine lemon yellow when mature, washed and marbled, or blotched, with purplish red on the sunny side, somewhat russeted in patches extending from the stem, and covered with small, greenish brown specks : Stem, rather long, about one and a half inches, stout, swollen, curved, and obHquely attached to the fruit by a fleshy junction : Eye, medium size, and moderately sunk in a small round basin ; segments of the calyx short and stiff", projecting : Flesh, white, fine, buttery, melting, and very juicy: Flavor, rich, sprightly, saccharine, and dehcious, with a very high per- fume : Core, medium size : Seeds, medium size, dark, nearly round. Ripe in December, and keeps into Januaiy. Dr. Van Mons calls it " decidedly a winter fruit," sometimes keeping till spring. [14] • THE WINTL'R MLLS PEAPl. frriil:,v c.r Anir.'rn.'rL, ['Mil N' iifdmi I'rnni f.';iriirc •''• ('(fonio liifi'f fiy iSIui'p & .Sim THE WINTER NELIS PEAR. Winter Nelis. Pomological Magazine, vol. iii. pi. 126. La Bonne Malinoise, Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 408. Bonne de Malines, Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 353. Beurre' de Malines, 1 MiLANAisE CuvELiER, V Hort. Soc. Catalogue, 3d Ed. 1842. Etourneau, \ Nelis d'Hiver, of some Collections. The Winter Nelis deservedly ranks among the very best winter pears which have yet been pro- duced. Though of only medium size and rather unprepossessing appearance, its peculiarly rich, sugary, and high-flavored qualities have gained for it a popularity smpassed by no other pear. As a hardy, vigorous, and productive tree, ripen- ing its fruit freely and keeping well, it must be classed with the very few first-rate pears which we yet possess. Mr. Thompson remarks, that there are few varieties "upon the merits of which connoisseurs do not differ ; but that the Winter Nelis is one which all agTee to be of the highest excellence." This fine pear was raised by the Chevalier Nelis, of Mechhn, and was first introduced into English gardens by the London Horticultural So- ciety, and described and figured in then- Transactions, above quoted, as La Bonne Mahnoise ; but subsequently this name was cancelled, and that of the Winter Nebs substituted, in honor of the originator of so superior a variety. For its first introduction to our gardens, we are in- debted to the late Mr. Knight, who sent it to Mr. Lowell, in 1823 ; Mr. Manning received it from Mr. Lowell, and, from, the Pomological Garden, it has been extensively disseminated. The Winter Nehs produces very regular and good crops, and comes into bearing the fourth or fifth year : it seems to flourish in any situa- tion, and on hght soils, where some kinds do not succeed well, the Nelis proves to be excellent. It does not grow well upon the quince. Tree. — ^Vigorous, irregular in its growth, some of the branches bend- ing inward towards the main stem, while others assume a stragghng and dechning habit. The old wood thickly fined with smah short spurs, as shown in our vignette, which is from a tree four years from the bud or graft. The tree is also vei7 late in leafing out in spring. [15] WINTER NELIS FEAR. Wood. — Dark brownish yellow, slender, short-jointed, and sprinkled with small grayish russet specks ; annual shoots always curved at the ends ; buds remarkably prominent, diverging, long, full, and sharply pointed : Flower-buds medium size, oval. Leaves. — Medium size, very long and narrow, tapering to each end, folded, shghtly recurv^ed on the midrib, without serratui^es, and generally pendent ; petioles long and slender. Flowers. — Large; petals obovate, reflexed at the edges, tapering much to the claw. Fruit. — Medium size, about two and a half inches long, and two and a quarter in diameter : Form, obovate, lai'gest in the middle, rounding off towards the eye, and contracted near the stem, where it ends ob- tusely : Skin, rough, dull yellowish green, becoming yellower when ma- tm-e, and nearly or quite covered with brownish russet, darkest on the sunny side, with a few dark specks interspersed over the smface : Stem, long, about one and a quarter inches, rather slender, largest at the end adjoining the branch, smooth, dai'k brown, and shghtly sunk in a shallow ca\aty : Eye, medium size, open, and moderately sunk in a round basin ; segments of the calyx broad and pointed : Flesh, yellowish white, fine, melting, buttery, and juicy : Flavor, rich, sugaiy, highly perfumed, and dehcious : Core, medium size : Seeds, large, neai'ly black. Ripe in December, and frequently keeps till February. [16] THE SIETJLLE PI:AR, PruttM of Ai.K-'TTca prate E" Drawa froiiL Fature iv (Tiromo tilh.^ iy jliarp ci Sou. THE SIEULLE PEAR. SiEULLE. Bon Jardinier, 1828 ; Jardin Fruitier, pi. Ixxix. Doyenne' Sieulle, Mag. of Hort. vol. xii. p. 175. Bkurre' Sieulle, Hort. Soc. Catalogue, 3d Ed. 1842. The Sieulle, though introduced to notice upwards of thirty years since, is comparatively a new fruit, and does not appear to have been generally known to European pomological writers. The first descriptive J account of it is given in the Bon Jardinier. Noisette also describes and figui'es it in his Jardin Fruitier. Lindley does not mention it, but it is enumerated in the Catalogue of the London Horticultural Society for 1832, as one of the kinds which had been proved, and is there classed among those of the first quality. It is certainly somewhat remai'kable that a variety, possess- ing such excellent quahties, should not have attracted more attention, and have been more generally introduced into collections. Few pears surpass the Sieulle. It is of large size and beautiful appearance, having a fair skin, and bright red cheek; and, though not quite so melting as the White Doyenne, to which it is alhed, it possesses the same rich, sprightly, and refreshing flavor, comes in at a more desirable season, and keeps from four to six weeks. This superior pear was raised by M. Sieulle, in the garden of the Due de Choisel, of Praslin, and was first brought to notice in 1815, at which period, or soon after, M. Noisette introduced it into his collection at Paris. In 1828 or '29, the Messrs. Prince, of Flushing, introduced it to their collection, and disseminated the trees, but we do not learn of its fruiting around Boston until 1844 or '45, when fine specimens were produced by several cultivators. It thrives well either upon the quince or pear stock, but the finest specimens we have yet seen were gi'own upon the quince. Our painting is from a beautiful pear, received from Mr. G. B. Fowler, of Plymouth, last season, whose tree, trained en que- nouille, bears abundantly every year. We have also received it from the fine collection of J. P. Gushing, Esq., of Watertown, which contains all the choice pears to be found. On espahers, in his garden, very large and beautiful specimens are produced. Teee. — ^Vigorous, upright, and rather compact, having much of the habit of the White Doyenne ; branches horizontal at first, but afterwards bending upwards, and very erect. [17] SIEULLE PEAR. Wood. — Brownish olive, moderately stout, rather long-jointed, smooth, and regularly speckled with large, grayish white specks; buds rather prominent, short, full, and pointed : Flower-buds obovate. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate, acuminate, hght gTeen, waved on the margin, and very finely and regularly serrated ; petioles very long and slender. Flowers. — Medium size, clear white ; petals obovate, and regulai^ly cupped. Fruit. — Large, about two and a half inches long, and two and a half in diameter : Form, roundish, little irregnilar, sometimes depressed, and tapering slightly towards the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, dull yellow and pale green, becoming very broadly shaded and marbled with bright red on the sunny side, and regularly covered with large, reddish russet specks, thickest where exposed: Stem, medium length, about three quarters of an inch, very stout, straight, smooth, and rather deeply sunk in a cavity formed by a swollen lip or projection on one side : Eye, me- dium size, open, and slightly depressed in a shallow basin ; segments of the calyx broad and reflexed : Flesh, white, fine, melting, and very juicy : Flavor, rich, saccharine, vinous, refreshing, perfumed, and excel- lent : Core, large : Seeds, large, dark brown. J Ripe in November, and keeps till Januaiy. [18] / %.:■ THE NORTHEET^" SPY APPLE Pnirls o!"' Amerrca Pfafe ^° Drawn Iro/n ITaiare FuCRromo Ljili"^ fj^SiiarpS Son THE NORTHERN SPY APPLE. Northern Spy. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. x. p. 2T5. For man}^ years, there have been no very remarkable additions to our varieties of late-keeping winter apples. The Baldwin, which has so long been the favorite, and justly held its place at the head, seems to have been one of those productions which combine all that nature is capable of be- stowing on the apple, and to excel it, or even equal it, is sufficient to give a new variety the very highest merit. Of this character is the Northern Spy: in our estimation, it is surpassed by no other fruit; and, if its qualities for produc- tiveness should prove equal to the Baldwin, it will dispute the palm with that esteemed and popular variety. It is one of the most beautiful apples ; having a rich, deep crimson skin, with purplish stripes, and covered with a soft bloom, hke the Red Astrachan. In its keeping- qualities, it is superior to the Baldwin; and although its flesh is remarkably tender and juicy, it keeps perfectly sound, and retains all its freshness, till June. The Northern Spy was raised in the town of East Bloomfield, N. Y., nearly fifty years ago, from seeds carried from Connecticut. The origi- nal tree was set out in the orchard of Heman Chapin, of that town, and suckers were taken from it by Roswell Humphrey, who first raised the fruit, the parent tree having died. For a long period, the variety was wholly confined to the locahty where it was I'aised, and it was not until 1840 or '41, that it first attracted the attention of cultivators : at that time, some very fine specimens of apples were seen in Rochester, as late as May, and, on inquiry, they proved to be the Northern Spy, an en- thely new and remarkable seedhng variety. A fuU account of its history and origin will be found in the Magazine of Horticulture for 1847, vol. xiii. pp. 72, 104. Much has been said of the productiveness of the Spy, some alleging that only a portion of the fruit is large and fair, and suitable for market, while others state that, in good soils and situations, it produces as good an average crop as other varieties. It bears regularly every year, and many of the specimens measure twelve inches in circumference. The tree is of upright and rather compact gTowth, and probably needs a care- ful and judicious pruning. If this is attended to, they will undoubtedly produce both large and perfect fruit. [19] NORTHERN SPY APPLE. Tree. — ^Very vigorous, upright, and veiy regular, as represented in our vignette, which is from a tree three years grafted; when old, form- ing a handsome head. Wood. — Dark reddish chestnut, rather slender, short-jointed, and thickly covered with veiy prominent, round, grayish specks ; buds very small, short, and flattened : Flower-buds oval. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate-oblong, rich glossy green, tapering reg- ularly to the point, with one side of the base longer than the other ; margins wavy, with very irregular, rather shai'p, and moderately deep ser- ratm^es ; petioles rather short and slender. Flowers. — Medium size, tinged with pink. Fruit. — Large, about two and a half inches deep, and three and a half broad : Form, roundish-conical, fiat and broad at the base, tapering much towards the crown, which is small : Skin, fair, smooth, yellow on the shady side, but neai'ly covered with bright glossy red and distinct stripes of rich purplish crimson, extending nearly to the eye ; often hav- ing a blotch of russet ai'ound the stem, marked with scattered yellow specks, and partially covered with a thin white bloom : Stem, short, about half an inch in length, rather slender, and very deeply inserted in a large, very wide, open, cavity : Eye, small, and rather deeply sunk in a medium sized, somewhat ribbed, and abruptly depressed hollow : Flesh, yellowish white, fine, crisp, and veiy tender : Juice, plentiful and brisk, of a rich sub-acid, possessing a pecuHai'ly dehcious aromatic flavor: Core, medium size, and rather open. Ripe in January, and keeps perfectly sound till June. [20] 'HE SWJ\}JS OJiAli^GE PEAR. Tiutl s .£ Ai^x^x Ic I. PI a.T e l^T? :)raW7v fi.Tm I^Jaho-e & G]ut,th.(. litKr ^by 3Ji.a^ji.&. St THE SWAN'S ORANGE PEAR. Swan's Orange. Genesee Farmer, vol. vii. p. 25. Onondaga, Horticulturist, vol. i. p. 322. Onondaga Seedling, of some Collections in Western New York. fNo pear of recent introduction can claim so high a rank as the Swan's Orange. Possessing all the hardy and vigorous qualities of our hardiest native varieties, the fruit is not only of the lai'gest size, but unsurpassed in its beauty, and unequalled in excellence. The Van Mons Leon le Clerc has obtained, and justly, a high reputation, and has been designated as the " best pear in the world;" yet Swan's Orange, considered in all its quahties, far surpasses it ; and, if that epithet belongs to any variety, it is to the last named pear. In the Magazine of Horticulture, (vol. xiii. p. 243,) we have given a full account of this fine fruit, in which its history has been traced back to 1806, at which period scions were carried from Farmington, Conn., by Mr. Henry Case, of Onondaga, N. Y. In 1808, Mr. Case removed his tree to Liverpool, where he then resided, but it died in 1823. Previous to its death, however, scions had been disti'ib- uted; and, among those who received them, was Dea. Joseph Swan, of Onondaga Hollow. About ten years ago, Mr. Swan's son, who resided in Rochester, carried some of the pears to that city for exhibition, and, from its great beauty as well as superior quality, the Horticultural Soci- ety, in compliment to Mr. Swan, called it Swan's Orange, its origin then being wholly unknown. It was not, however, until within a very few years, that its excellence became well known around Rochester, and more recent still that cultiva- tors have generally become acquainted with it. Last autumn, some beautiful specimens were sent us from Rochester, the largest of which measured twelve inches in circumference, and weighed thirteen ounces. The whole aspect of the tree denotes vigor and health : it gi'ows well upon either the pear or quince stock. Tree. — ^Very vigorous, upright in its growth, forming a handsome head ; on young trees the lateral shoots are horizontal. Our vignette is from a tree grafted in 1843, now nine feet high, and bearing fruit. Wood. — Clear olive, stout, rather short-jointed, and dotted with large, grayish specks ; old wood dark olive ; buds large, long, tapering to the point, cUverging, with prominent shoulders : Flower-buds medium size. Leaves. — Large, oblong, tapering to the end, thick, deep green, re- [21] SWAN'S ORANGE PEAR. curved on the midrib, little wavy, partially folded, with prominent nerves, and coarse, rather deep serratm'es ; petioles medium length, stout. Flowers. — ^Medium size ; petals yellowish white, ohovate, flat. Fruit. — Large, about four and a half inches long, and three and a half in diameter : Form, oblong obovate, httle uneven and irregular, or Bon Chretien-shaped; largest in the middle, narrowing to the crown, which is small, and tapering to the stem, near which, on one side, it is suddenly contracted : Skin, veiy fair, smooth, greenish yellow, but be- coming of bright yellow when matm^e, leaving a few traces of green ; smoothly russeted around the eye, faintly tinged with blush on the sunny side, and regularly covered with large, round, russet specks : Stem, rather short, about three quarters of an inch, moderately stout, grayish brown, with white specks, shghtly fleshy at the base, curved, and ob- liquely inserted in a very shallow, contracted cavity, with a swollen lip or projection on one side : Eye, medium size, closed, and rather deeply sunk in a large, round, smooth basin ; segments of the calyx broad, fleshy, and partially reflexed : Flesh, white, fine, very melting, buttery and juicy : Flavor, rich, sugaiy, sprightly, vinous and dehcious, with a most agreeable and high perfume : Core, small, very close : Seeds, re- markably small, and very dark. Ripe in October, and will keep from three to four weeks. [22] THE SWEET MOI."T^IOE_ENCr OHERRY. Ti-idlJ of l-nifiiriPTa.le JST' Ura.'wrL frmn HxtuTfe &. CnTtrtno liik- iy 33iorB &. Sr THE SWEET MONTMORENCY CHERRY. Sweet Montmorency. Magazine of Horticulture^ vol. xii. p. 344. Allen's Favorite, of some Nursery Collections. The number of American varieties of cherries is yearly increasing, and we may soon expect to find the principal kinds, in general cultiva- tion, our native vaiieties. Much improvement, however, we hope yet to see effected in this fine fruit. The late Mr. Knight, President of the London Horticultural Society, succeeded in producing several new sorts, by the process of cross-fertilization, which have held a high reputation ; but, since the origin of his seedhngs, less attention seems to have been given to the production of new cherries than other fruits. The principal American varieties, of which we have several of great merit, have been accidental productions, and the Sweet Montmorency is one of the number. The earliest notice we have of it is that given by the late Mr. Manning, in his Synopsis of Forty-four varieties, in the Magazine of Horticulture^ (vol. viii. p. 281,) which he had collected to- gether during many years, and produced from seed, and which he had fruited and proved in his Pomological Garden at Salem. Mr. Manning gave so favorable an account of this variety that we immediately pro- cured it; and, from trees budded in 1842, we had a small crop, the present year, for the first time. The Sweet Montmorency originated in the garden of Mr. J. F. Allen, in Chestnut street, Salem. It was an accidental seedling, which sprung up with others about the year 1831 or 1832. In 1834, several of these seedhngs were planted out, and, in 1836 or 1837, they came into bear- ing. Mr. Manning saw the fruit, and was so much pleased with it that he named it the Sweet Montmorency, from the supposition that it sprung from a seed of the common Montmorency cherry, an acid fruit. It was tlie only tree which proved worthy of cultivation. The original tree is growing in Mr. Allen's garden, and, since it first began to bear, it has not failed to ripen a fine crop of fruit every season. It is scarcely ever injured by weather which usually cracks and injures most varieties. It is one of the latest sweet cherries, ripening at the same time as the Late Duke, and possesses the good quahty of hanging long upon the tree after it is mature, and also of keeping some time after it has been gathered and placed in the fruit room. One pecuHarity of the Sweet Montmorency is, that, soon after it begins to color, it be- comes of a fine red, and, by many cultivators, would be considered quite [23] SWEET MONTMORENCY CHERRY. ripe. In this state, however, it yet has a bitter taste ; but, as soon as it becomes deeply colored, and assumes a mottled appearance, the bitter- ness passes away, and it becomes perfectly sweet and dehcious. It is a remarkably productive variety ; on a small forked branch, a foot long, we have counted nearly one hundred cherries. We have not given any vignette of the habit of growth of the Sweet Montmorency: the numerous varieties of the cherry have so great a re- semblance in general habit, that engi-avings would be of no gi'eat value, only in some particular sorts, which have a distinctive character. Tree. — Very vigorous, somewhat spreading, with erect, stout, annual shoots, similar to the Tartarian, but with the lateral branches more diverging. "^^ooD. — Strong, rather short-jointed, reddish brown, httle dotted with russet, and covered with a grayish epidermis ; buds long, shortly pointed. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate oblong, acuminate, largest about the middle, tapering to the point; coarsely and rather deeply serrated, and shghtly folded at the edge : petioles about two inches in length, stout, with two large reniform glands placed just at the base of the leaf. Flowers. — MecUum size; petals narrow; style and stamens about equal. Fruit. — Rather small, nearly round, little flattened at both ends, with a shallow suture on one side, and an indented point at the apex : Skin, pale amber in the shade, of a deep orange red in the sun, becoming darker when fully ripe, and mottled with yellow : Stem, rather short, about an inch in length, moderately slender, and inserted in a very shal- low hollow : Flesh, yellowish, very tender and melting, and shghtly ad- hering to the stone : Juice, plentiful, rich, sweet, high flavored and dehcious : Stone, small, round. Ripe the last of July and beginning of August. [24] THE SOATXYS SEEDlMa ST.HAV\j3ERHY: B-llIIs 3f ^ V , ^ ■■ • w r p V, t p "W5 . T3T^LW^^ f r o tt Iv itur e *^ Clirc)Tnol-ri.\^L"" Sliai-p &,5ini THE HOVEY'S SEEDLING STRAWBERRY. Hovey's Seedling. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. vi. p. 284. The first, really great improvement in the strawberry was made by Mr. Keens, of Islewortli, near London, about the year 1820, in the production of the vaiiety so well known as Keens' Seedling. The late Mr. Knight and Mr. Keens pursued their experiments in raising new varieties about the same period ; but Mr. Knight was not so successful as Mr. Keens : he raised several varieties, among them the Downton and Elton, once very good sorts, but long since neglected in consequence of the superior quahty of Keens' Seedling. Very recently, Mr. Myatt, of Deptford, near London, has succeeded in raising some varieties which have proved valuable in England, but, in our climate, they are inferior to our American seedlings. Soon after tlie introduction of Keens' Seedling into this country, about the year 1829, we added it to our collection, which, at that time, contained all the fine sorts which were to be obtained. A fondness for the culti- vation of the strawberry had induced us to collect every variety, which came to our knowledge, as soon as offered for sale. Keens' Seedhng and Wilmot's Superb were the most noted, and they were added with the expectation that they would so far excel all others, as to discard the larger proportion of them from cultivation. But after the experience of three or four years, to our great disappointment, we found that it was quite impossible to secure a crop : the vines were either bmnt up by the summer heat, or destroyed by the winter cold. This was in 1832, and our collection then contained the Downton, Methven Scarlet, Melon, Bostock, Grove End Scarlet, Southborough, Knevet's Pine, Mulberry, &c. &c. Yet, out of the whole of these, we never could calculate upon a full crop ; and we came to the conclusion that none of them possessed sufficient good quahties to render them profitable or desirable for ordi- naiy cultivation. With this view, we thought it an object to try experi- ments in the gTowth of new varieties from seed, in order to procure such as should possess the great merits of hardiness, productiveness, size, flavor, and beauty combined ; and, though we made but a single trial, our expectations were fully realized in the production of the Seedhng and the Boston Pine. In the summer of 1832, we began to prepare the plants from which we intended to select the seed ; this was done by cutting off the runners during the season, in order to have them as strong as possible. When these plants came into flower, in 1833, the several sorts were properly [25] HOVEY'S SEEDLING STRAWBERRY. fertilized, and, when the berries were mature, they were gathered, the seeds washed out, and put away in bags. In Februaiy, 1834, the seeds were planted in boxes in the greenhouse, and the young plants removed to the open ground in June. In 1835, the plants produced some fruit, and, in 1836, they came into fuU bearing. The beds were then carefully looked over, and the qualities of more than thu'ty sorts noted down : among them was the Seedling, but the berries of this were so remark- able, that it was at once selected from the others and set out by itself. The remaining kinds were planted out for further trial, and the old beds dug up and destroyed. The single plant made only twelve runners the first year ; these were removed to a bed twelve feet long, setting them a foot apart, and during the season the young runners covered the ground. In 1838, it produced one of the most remarkable crops of remarkable strawberries we ever saw. Under the most ordinary cultivation, this variety produces a fine crop of large, handsome fruit. But it is absolutely necessary that the plants should be near some staminate variety, that the fertilization may be complete ; otherwise, a veiy small crop will be the result. For this pur- pose, we use only the Boston Pine, setting out alternate beds of each. Vines. — ^Veiy vigorous, more so than any other variety, except the Boston Pine, perfectly hardy, forming numerous runners. Leaves. — Large; leaflets roundish, generally convex, obtusely ser- rated, with about twenty serratures ; surface rather smooth, deep bi'ill- iant glossy green, and rarely ever spotted with brown ; petioles short ; leaf- stalks upright, medium length, moderately strong. Flowers. — Rather small, veiy regular in form ; /^'"'^'^^^rf petals roundish, slightly imbricated and cupped; sta- mens very short and imperfect, deficient in anthers ; calyx very small, finely divided, and quite reflexed; scapes moderately strong, about the same length as the leaf-stalks, elevating the fruit from the ground ; pe- duncles rather long and slender. Every flower, when properly fertilized, is succeeded by a perfect beriy. Our engraving represents the exact size and form of the flower. Fruit. — Very large, often measuring five and a half inches in circum- ference, roundish ovate, shghtly conical, with a short neck, never cox- comb-shaped, even in the largest berries : Color, dark rich shining red, paler when grown in the shade : Seeds, dark, and imbedded in a smaU cavity : Flesh, scarlet, firm, nearly solid, abouncUng with a most agree- able acid, and exceedingly dehcious and high-flavored juice. PiirE about a week after the Boston Pine, and continues in perfection durmg the whole strawberry season. [2G] ^^ TKE BOSTCKr PETE 5TTlA:WSEBi^ ■Friiiji.s of A.nn.P.Tica-Pla.lel'T- DrawiLl'roinJNaTtLU' t (^ G lu otii o llfhr 3jv Slxaj'^ uBa-^- THE BOSTON PINE STRAWBERRY. Boston Pine. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xi. p. 290. Since the production of the Hovey's Seedhng and Boston Pine, thousands of plants have been raised from seed, by amateur cultivators and nurserymen in various pai'ts of the country, although, before theii- origin, we are not aware of the growth of one American strawberry of any value. Indeed, the strawberry is as easily raised from seed as any other plant, and with the certainty of producing veiy good varieties. The French cultivators raise the Alpine, strawbeny in this way, as an annual, the plants bearing a fine crop the first year. But, in the production of new varieties of the strawberry, it is impor- tant that they should possess some quahties superior to those akeady known, in order to render them worthy the attention of the cultivator : merely as seedhngs, they are of little value. There are many quahties which are requisite to the chai'acter of a first-rate fruit ; and the mere possession of a portion of them, without the others, will fail to give any variety a high rank for general cultivation. To combine the greatest number of these good properties was our object in the growth of new kinds, and we consequently rejected all but two of the many hundred seedhngs which we produced. In our description of Hovey's Seedling, we have stated that, besides that variety, we noted down upwards of thnty other plants, which pos- sessed excellent qualities, and appeared deserving of further trial. Our expectations had been fully realized in the production of the former va- riety, yet some of the others were remarkably fine, and from them we thought one or two valuable varieties might be obtained. In the spring of 1838, six or eight of these varieties were planted out in a bed by themselves, and, during the season, made a fine growth. In 1839, they bore a fine crop : they were then carefully looked over again : three plants were now selected, and the remainder of them dug up. In 1841, they had covered a good-sized bed, and produced an abundant crop of fruit. All these would have been called excellent sorts, but we only saved one, which, from its earliness, size, beauty, exquisite flavor, abun- dant product, and hardiness, appeared distinct from any kind in cultiva- tion. This was the Boston Pine. It has always been a source of regret to us, that our labels should have been so displaced, from the effects of frost in throwing them out of the ground, that we could not ascertain, with certainty, the parent- [27] BOSTON PINE STRAWBERRY age of oui'two seedlings. The following is a copy of the various crosses, as taken from our manuscript joui'nal of 1833 : — 1. Methven Scarlet, impregnated with Keens' Seedling. 2. Methven Scaiiet, unpregnated with the Melon. 3. Mulberry, impregnated with Keens' Seeching. 4. MulbeiTy, impregnated with Keens' Seedhng and Melon. 5. Southborough, impregnated with the Prolific Hautbois. 6. Grove End Scailet, impregnated with Keens' Seedhng. We have always supposed the Seedhng originated either from No. 1 or No. 4, and the Boston Pine from No. 6, as the latter combines the eai'hness of the Grove End Scaiiet and the size of Keens' Seedhng. The Boston Pine should receive good cultivation to have the fruit in the finest condition. If the plants ai-e allowed to run together, the produce will not be haK a crop. The soil should be good, and there should be a space of at least a foot between the rows. Each plant thi-ows up from six to ten stems, and, if the roots do not find sufficient nomishment, many of the benies will not fill up and attain then- proper size. Well gi'own, the plants are hterally covered T\ith fruit. Vines. — Exceedingly vigorous, rather more so than Hovey's Seedling ; runners numerous, and sti'onger than those of the latter named variety. Leaates. — Large ; leaflets ovate, tapering much to the base, generaUy concave or pai'tially folded, coai'sely, deeply and sharply serrated, num- bering about sixteen seiTatm-es ; pale dull green, with prominent nerves, and occasionally spotted with brown : petioles rather long, which give the leaflets a loose, spreading appeai-ance, compai'ed with Hovey's Seedhng: leaf-stalks upright and sti'ong, with horizontal hairs. Flowers. — ^^ledium size, regnilai' in form; petals roundish, httle imbricated and concave ; stamens me- dium length, stout, with numerous lai'ge anthers, al- ^--^^ ways perfect and abounding in pohen; cal}'x rather |=- small, spreading, and pai'tially reflexed ; scapes strong, upright, rather compact, elevating the fruit from the ground, and as long as the leaf-stalks, producing from eight to sixteen berries.; peduncles short and stout. Feuit. — ^\'"ery large, roundish, or very slightly conical, always regiilai' in form, measuring from fom' to four and a half inches in cu'cumference : Color, deep rich sliining red : Seeds, yeUow, but very shghtly imbedded : Flesh, pale scarlet, fine grained, buttery, and sohd, veiy juicy, sweet, and rich, with a brisk, high, and dehcious flavor. PiiPE about a week before Hovey's Seedhng, at the same time as the Old Scaiiet or Eaiiy Yu'ginia, and continues a long time in bearing. [28] T KE: Y,M\rT C RAWT OKID TEA C H , P|„t.^|9 Dicuw-rufioTrLl^aiuTf'^' '"':T""^i,o lii-k?- i u S-k.u'T.' THE EARLY CRAWFORD PEACH. Eakly Ceawford. American Orchardist, 3cl Ed. 1841. Crawford's Early Melocoton, Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. Crawford's Early, of some Collections. The Early Crawford peach stands preeminent among the great num- ber of seedhngs v/liich have been produced by the zeal and perseverance of American cultivators. Notwithstanding very good seedling varieties may be calculated upon with considerable certainty, if pains are taken in the selection of the seeds, it is no very easy task to produce one which shall contain so many fine qualities, and take so high a rank, as the variety now under notice. Its remarkable beauty and very large size — its earliness and productiveness — its rich color and fine form — as well as its melting flesh and luscious flavor, place it first among the yellow- fleshed peaches. The Early Crawford was oiiginated by William Crawford, Esq., of Middletown, New Jersey, but a few years since, and was first described by Mr. Kenrick, in the American Orchardist. It is esteemed in New Jersey as the very best of all the early peaches, and one of the most productive and profitable for extensive cultivation. Peach trees so much resemble each other in then' shape, as well as habit of growth, that sketches of the trees would not possess any gi-eat value in the identification of kinds. The form of the fruit, of a larger part of the numerous varieties, is so similar, that outline engravings would, also, be of little use for the same object. We shall, therefore, omit these in our descriptions of peaches, and look to the leaves for peculiarities, which are invariable, and without recourse to which it would be almost impossible to identify any particular variety. These peculiarities are the glands, then* for7n, or then" entke absence, and are divided into three classes, as follows : — Class 1. Leaves deeply and doubly serrated, without glands. (a) Class 2. Leaves crenate or serrulate, with round or globose glands. (&) Class 3. Leaves crenate orserrulate,withirregularorreniform glands. (c) The blossoms also form a very distinguishing feature of peaches, and, though not so constant, or so much to be relied upon, as the leaves, they greatly assist in the labor of determining varieties. Duhamel had four classes of flowers, while Lindley reduces them to three, — large, medium, and small. But it requires nice observation and much practice to dis- tinguish accurately which are the medium-sized, and we therefore admit [29] EARLY CRAWFORD PEACH. only two sections, viz : 1st. Large flowers, always red in the centre, and pale on the margin ; and ^d. Small flowers, darkly shaded on the margin. A third and important sub- division is made in regard to the stone : 1. Free-stone peaches ; 2. Chng-stone peaches. This classification was begun by Duhamel and Miller, and improved upon by subsequent writers ; but it was brought nearest to perfection by the Count Lelieur and George Lindley. With the distinctions which we have here made, and which will always be fully noted in our descriptions, in connection with our colored plates, every observing pomologist or cultivator will soon be able to identify, with perfect accuracy, any particular kind, and we may confi- dently hope that the confusion now existing in the nomenclature of peaches may, ere long, be cleared up. We now complete our account of the Early Crawford : — Leaves. — Rather large and long, crenated, with globose glands. Flowers. — Small. Fruit. — Large, about three inches broad, and three and a half long : Form, roundish oblong, compressed slightly on the sides, one half a little lai'ger than the other, with a broad, deep cavity at the base, and narrowing towards the apex ; suture rather shallow, extending half round, and terminating in a small prominent point : Skin, deep yellow in the shade, rather downy, broadly shaded with rich deep red in the sun, with some mottlings, and numerous small crimson dots, extending to the shaded side : Flesh, deep yellow, melting, and shghtly rayed with red at the stone, from which it separates freely : Juice, abundant, rich, sweet, and delicious : Stone, large, oblong, acute at the apex, not deeply furrowed. Ripe the last of August and beginning of September. [30] THE D OTE ^^tTK B OUIJ SOCK P EAR . I'riLuts of Amebic ^. rut £l\P . nDiawi^f-roTnlL^Littf &^CXrf,^.. iiUJ hijSlxaj-y ^ S o.. THE DOYENNE' BOUSSOCK PEAR. scribed as follows Doyenne' Boussock. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xiii. p. 68. Doyenne' Boussock Nouvelle, American Orckardisl, 3d Ed. Doyenne' Broussach, of some French Collections. It is somewhat remarkable that a pear, pos- sessing the excellent qualities of the Doyenne Boussock, should not have had a more extended reputation, or have been better known to pomol- ogists. Our first knowledge of it was derived from the American Orchardist, where it was briefly noticed, and first made known to American col- lections, by Mr. Kenrick, on his return from Europe, in the spring of 1841. In a subsequent edition of the Orchardist, it was more fully de- -" New and large ; of superior excellence ; ripening at Paris in November." (4th Ed. p. 101.) From this favorable notice, we were induced to add the variety to our collection ; and our trees hav- ing produced fine specimens the last two years, we are enabled to state that it fully equals the character ascribed to it by Mr. Kenrick. It is not only a very large and beautiful fruit, as our plate represents, but in quality it ranks with the best of our autumn pears, having much of the character of that old favorite, the White Doyenne. The late Mr. Manning received a variety under the name of Doyenne Boussock, {Mag. of Hart., viii. p. 50.) wiiich proved to be the Doyenne gris, but subsequently he obtained and fruited the true one. It is somewhat singular, however, that among trees purchased at auction in Boston, which had been received from France, the true Doyenne Bous- sock has been discovered in three or four coUections ; and the beauty and size of the specimens have surprised pomologists, who were quite unacquainted with such a variety. The Doyenne Boussock is very large, some of the specimens having the obtuse form and irregular surface of the Duchesse d'Angouleme, but generally it is of regular form. The tree grows freely either on the pear or quince, and comes early into bearing, about the third or fourth year. Tree. — Vigorous, of a somewhat spreading, though generally upright, habit, the branches being horizontal at first, but making a long curve upwards, as our vignette represents. Wood. — Clear yellowish brown, sparsely dotted with large pale brown specks, very stout, and rather short-jointed ; old wood dark yellowish [ -1 1 DOYENNE' BOUSSOCK PEAR. brown ; buds large, full, shortly pointed, diverging, with veiy prominent shoulders : Flower-buds often terminal on the long annual shoots, me- dium size, obtusely oval. Leaves. — Large, roundish obovate, somewhat cordate at the base, tapering to the end, thick, deep green, nearly flat, recurved on the mid- rib, with rather prominent nerves, very shghtly and obtusely serrated ; petioles rather short and stout. In the autumn, the foliage assumes a deep tinge of red. Flowers. — Large ; petals roundish, cupped ; clusters compact. Fruit. — Large, about three and a half inches long, and three inches in diameter : Form, obtusely obovate, nearly regular, large and full at the crown, and tapering little to the stem, where it is very obtuse : Skin, fair, lemon yellow when matm'e, shaded with bright crimson in the sun, somewhat traced with russet, and regularly dotted all over with large, prominent, russet specks : Stem, short, about half an inch in length, stout, straight, wrinkled and fleshy at the base, and moderately inserted in a large, shallow cavity : Eye, medium size, open, and little sunk in a moderately deep, open basin ; segments of the calyx short, round: Flesh, yellowish white, rather coarse, melting, and very juicy: Flavor, rich, saccharine, sprightly, vinous, perfumed, and excellent: Core, medium size : Seeds, slender, long, almost black, and mostly abortive. Ripe in October, and keeps well for three or four weeks. [32] T^II'I TTSOlyJ PEAE_. Paii.xts ol"ATn.ea:-L.ca- T Ute N? DrawiLfr 0~fru-N liijLre (i^ClxTrrnxc litii. Ijy loJiarli (?iJioTi-. THE TYSON PEAR. ft Tyson. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xii. p. 434. The Tyson pear, though of very recent introduction to notice, has justly been placed among the best pears which our country has yet produced. Nearly, if not quite, equalling the Seckel in the rich, spicy aroma which distinguishes that delicious variety, it is of larger size, with a more melting flesh, and comes in at an early season, just before the Williams's Bon Chretien, when we have but few fine pears. It is also a most vigorous grower, exceedingly hardy, and an abundant and very regular beai-er. The Tyson pear originated in Jenkintown, near Philadelphia, on the farm of Mr. Jonathan Tyson. It sprang up in a hedge ; and about the year 1794, the tree, then an inch or more in diameter, was removed to a more favorable situation. Five or six years after this, it began to produce fruit, which proved so good that several trees were then grafted with it. Suckers were also taken from the original tree, which produced the same fruit, thus showing its seedling origin. The original tree now stands in the village of Jenkintown, and, according to a communication to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, from Dr. Brinkle, of Phila- delphia, who measured the tree last spring, the trunk, at two feet above the ground, was six feet in circumference. This fine variety was introduced into the vicinity of Boston about the year 1837, or 1838, by the late Dr. Mease, of Philadelphia, and first fruited in 1842, in the garden of the late Wm. Oliver, Esq., of Dorches- ter, and our drawing is from specimens from this tree, now quite large, and in the possession of Mr. J. H. AVelch. The Tyson is somewhat variable in form, as will be seen by our two outline engravings : often the stem end is much elongated, so as to give it a cala.bash shape ; several specimens have been received from Mr. Manning, all of which partake of this character. The vigorous habit of the tree probably prevents its fruiting as early as some varieties ; but it generally conies into bearing the fourth or fifth year. Whether it will succeed upon the quince has not yet been ascertained. Tree. — ^\^igorous, erect and upright, of very regular, pyramidal form ; branches numerous, quite erect, and thickly clothed with short spurs. Wood. — Dull reddish brown, sprinkled with whitish specks, not very stout, and short-jointed ; old wood somewhat mottled or clouded with TYSON PEAR. yellowish brown ; buds medium size, round, tapeiing to a point, diverging, with rather prominent shoulders : Flower-buds medium size, obovate. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate, tapering to each end, deep glossy green, httle waved on the margin, and finely and regularly serrated; petioles medium length, moderately stout. Floavees. — Small ; petals oblong, cupped, with a rather long claw. Fruit. — Medium size, about two and a half inches long, and two inches in diameter : Form, p}Tamidal, but rather variable, sometimes of a calabash form, rounded at the crown, and regularly tapering into the stem : Skin, fair, nearly smooth, dull yellow, brightly shaded with red on the sunny side, somewhat russeted, and irregulai'ly covered with black specks : Stem, long, about one and a half inches, moderately stout, curved, and obliquely attached to the fruit by a fleshy junction, often much swollen on one side : Eye, medium size, open, and slightly sunk in a round, very shallow, basin ; segments of the calyx short : Flesh, white, fine, melting, and very juicy : Flavor, rich, very sugary, and delicious, with a high, aromatic perfume, to which we are at a loss to give a nauie : Core, small : Seeds, small, plump, brown. Ripe the last of August and beginning of September. rati THE REU^ASTK/vaHATxr .AJ^Pi£ t'uj.e :n X)ia wTL fxoTiT JNTs-ltu-e &<. CaTOTiiu lith. iif B Ilsj > ik S on- THE RED ASTRACHAN APPLE. Red Astrachan. Pomological Magazine, vol. iii. pi. 123. If a fruit should be entitled to the attention of cultiva- tors for its beauty alone, the Red Astrachan, among our great number of varieties, would bear off the palm. It has not only a rich, deep crimson, skin, often heightened by the peculiar abruptness of the coloring from the sunny to the shaded side, but it is covered with a soft bloom, as beauti- ful as that of a plum. Its fine appearance, however, is not its only recommendation ; for, although not quite equalling the Early Harvest, which ripens at about the same season, it is an excellent apple, and one without which no collection can be complete. It was first introduced into England, from Sweden, about the year 1816, and fruited in the garden of Mr. Atkinson, at Grove End, near London, in 1820, at which period it was exhibited before the London Horticultural Society, and noticed in their Transactions, (vol. iv.) Its beauty as well as excellence commended it to the notice of cultivators, and it was very generally disseminated. At what time it was introduced into this country we have no precise information. Though in many collec- tions of fruit, it is by no means extensively cultivated, and we believe that it has not yet been so abundantly raised as tb be found in our mar- kets, only in exceedingly small quantities. It is a hardy and exceedingly vigorous variety, admu'ably adapted for dwarf trees, which, when loaded with fruit, have a very showy appear- ance. It comes into bearing rather early, young and thrifty trees often producing fruit the fourth or fifth year. The fruit should be gathered as soon as ripe, for, if allowed to hang upon the tree, it soon becomes mealy. Tree. — Vigorous, upright, and regular in growth, forming a handsome and rather compact head ; young trees very erect, with short spurs on the main stem : our vignette is from a tree two years from the bud. Wood. — Clear reddish chestnut, sprinkled with distinct whitish specks, stout, rather short-jointed, pubescent at the ends ; buds large, broad, with rather stout shoulders, and somewhat flattened : Flower-buds oval. Leaves. — ^Medium size, roundish oblong, wavy on the margin, shortly acuminate, rather deeply and obtusely serrated; petioles of medium length, and moderately stout ; stipules narrow. Flowers. — Medium size. [.13] KED ASTRACHAX APPLE. Feuit. — Large, about three inches broad, and two and a half deep : Form, roundish, flattened at the base, and narrowing little towards the eye : Skin, veiy fair, smooth, rich brilhant crimson on the sunny side, paler in the shade, though occasionally httle greenish, sometimes rus- seted around the stem, dotted with large yellow specks, and covered with a thin whitish bloom : Stem, short, about half an inch in length, rather stout, straight, and moderately inserted in a broad, rather shallow basin : Eye, rather large, partially closed, and slightly depressed in a broad, shallow, and somewhat ridged basin : Flesh, white, with occasional stains of pink, fine, crisp, and tender : Juice, tolerably abundant, subacid and good : Core, lai-ge, rather close : Seeds, small, ovate. Ripe from the middle of August to the beginning of September. [36] TliE LAIE DTJKE CHERRY fmfs o£ Am eric a Plate Tl" Di-awiL from "RcrliiL-e & CRromo IllMLv W SIutlv THE LATE DUKE CHERRY. Late Duke. Pomological Magazine, vol. i. pi. 45. Cerise Anglaise Tardive, Hort. Soc. Catalogue, 3d Ed. 1842, The oiigiu of this fine late cherry is unknown. It was received from Paris, by the London Horticultural Society, and first produced fruit in their garden about the year 1827 or 1828; subsequent to which it was figured in the Pomological Magazine, above quoted. The authors of that work state, that, though " this cherry is only known to us through French gardeners, yet its name is evidence of its English origin;" but, up to that time, they had not been able to find it in any other collection than that of the society. Switzer and Hill, old writers of authority, (the same authors observe,) mention a Late May Duke or Late Duke cherry, which has been sup- posed to be the variety under notice ; but these names, though at that period to be found in numerous catalogues, were applied to trees in no respect different from the original May Duke ; and, after a trial of all the numerous varieties, collected from all sources, in the society's garden, the name of the Late Duke was given to this cherry as being perfectly appropriate. Lindley, in the Guide to the Orchard, in his description of the Late Duke, observes that it has great affinity to the Arch Duke ; and Thomp- son, in a Synopsis of all the varieties cultivated in the garden of the society, pubhshed in the Transactions, (vol. viii. p. 248,) states that the " Arch Duke may not be found to be different when obtained correct, but that hitherto the May Duke liad been received for it." Mr. Thomp- son had not probably had an opportunity of seeing the Arch Duke, for it is quite a different variety, and, when once seen in fruit, could not be confounded with the Late Duke. In the last edition of the Catalogue of the society, (1842,) it is made a distinct cherry. Every late cherry must prove a valuable acquisition to this fine fruit ; of this character is the Late Duke. It is not only of very large size, of a beautiful color, and an abundant bearer, but, in excellence, it is nearly or quite equal to the May Duke, once the most popular sort. These qualities, sufficient in themselves to render any variety valuable, are greatly enhanced by the prolonged season which the Late Duke gives to the cherry. All the cherries called Dukes have a peculiar upright or fastigiate [37] LATE DUKE CHERRY. habit, quite different from other kinds, and they may readily be detected by then' more slender, short-jointed shoots, and their erect and compact growth. Accompanying a description of the May Duke, which we intend to give hereafter, we shall present a vignette, showing the habit of this class. The fruit of the Late Duke is usually borne in pairs, or threes, on a short peduncle about a quarter of an inch in length. Tree. — ^Very vigorous, upright, and compact in habit; little more spreading than the May Duke, with rather slender shoots. Wood. — Moderately strong, short-jointed, yellowish on the shaded side, and yellowish brown on the other, distinctly dotted with large whitish, horizontal specks, and partially covered with a grayish epider- mis ; buds prominent. Leaves. — Large, thick, obovate, broadest near the point, tapering to the base ; shortly and sharply acuminate, irregularly and obtusely serrated, slightly recurved on the midrib, and somewhat folded ; upper surface deep green, yellowish gTeen beneath; petioles rather short, about three fourths of an inch in length, stout, reddish, and without glands. Flowers. — Large, opening a week later than the May Duke ; petals broad and cupped ; style and stamens about equal. Fruit. — Large, one and an eighth of an inch in diameter, roundish heart-shape, with a shght suture on one side : Skin, rich deep shining red when mature : Stem, long, about one and a half inches, slender, and rather deeply inserted in a shallow cavity : Flesh, pale amber color, tender, and slightly adhering to the stone : Juice, abundant and rich, subacid, similar to the May Duke : Stone, medium size, roundish ovate, compressed. BiPE the last of July and beginning of August. 138] TlIE LOUISi; BONInIE T}E JEPSEY PJ5AR. Prmts of .^ImeT-ica, Plate N" Dj-awjifi-oaaiJature & Chroip.o i.\ih^ 1i\- 'W. S'p. THE LOUISE BONNE OF JERSEY PEAR. Louise Bonne of Jeesey. Hort. See. Catalogue, 3d Ed. 1842. Louise Bonne d'Avranches, 1 Beurre' ou Bonne Louise Auradore, v Hort. Soc. Cat. 3d Ed. 1842. William the Fourth, ^ Bergamot d'Avranches, ? ^ ■n^ i /-. n .- „ ^ ^ } ot some r rench Collections. JroiRE DE Jersey, ^ The Louise Bonne of Jersey is one of the finest pears which has been recently introduced, and it will undoubt- edly become as popular a variety as the now widely dis- seminated, and justly esteemed, WiUiams's Bon Chretien. It has not only the qualities of size, beauty, productiveness, and keeping weU, but it is of the most hardy character ; and, according to Mr. Thompson, " more than rivals the Marie Louise," one of the richest pears, even in the climate of England. So far as it has been proved here, after several years' experience, it can be recommended as an indispensable addition to even the smallest collection. The Louise Bonne of Jersey is, without much doubt, a French pear. The London Horticultural Society first received it from the Island of Jersey, in 1820, and so named it to distinguish it from the old Louise Bonne of pomologists. According, however, to French writers, it was originated at Avranches, in 1788, by M. de Longueval, and its original name was Beurre de Longueval ; but as it was somewhat extensively disseminated under the name of Louise Bonne d Avranches, that be- came its popular title among French cultivators, and one which it ought to retain. Under this name we found it cultivated in all the principal nm^series around Paris, in the autumn of 1844. Few varieties of the pear combine all the good characteristics of this. It is admu'ably adapted for cultivation as a pyramidal tree, or for growing en quenouille. It has, naturally, a very erect and regular habit, and, even without any pruning, forms a beautiful-shaped tree. It succeeds per- fectly upon the quince, bearing very young, and producing abundant crops. Tree. — ^\^igorous, of an erect and upright habit, the branches at first shghtly diverging, but afterwards erect. Wood. — Dull brownish oHve, shghtly reddish on the sunny side, dotted with whitish specks, moderately stout, and rather long-jointed ; annual growth long, with but few lateral shoots; old wood grayish brown ; buds medium size, rather long, inclined towards the branch, and rather shai-ply pointed : Flower-buds medium size. [39] LOUISE BONNE OF JERSEY PEAR. Leaves. — ^Rather small, oblong oval, slightly acuminate, nearly flat, rather coarsely and obtusely serrated ; petioles slender, and about an inch in length. Flowers. — Large ; petals roundish, thick, and finely cupped. Fruit. — Large, about three and a quarter inches long, and two and a half in diameter : Form, pyramidal, nearly regular, occasionally a little angular, large at the crown, and gradually tapering to the stem, near which there is a slight contraction : Skin, fair, smooth, yellowish green, becoming yellower when mature, very broadly suffused with bright glossy red on the sunny side, which shades off abruptly, the surface being cov- ered with large, grayish russet specks, each speck rayed or margined with red : Stem, medium length, about an inch long, stout, smooth, pale brown, with a few grayish specks, often, in large specimens, fleshy, swollen, and slightly wrinkled at its junction with the fruit, and forced into an oblique direction by a projection on one side : Eye, medium size, open, and moderately sunk in an open, furrowed cavity; segments of the calyx medium length, stiff, projecting, rounded : Flesh, yeUowish white, fine, melting, buttery, and exceedingly juicy : Flavor, rich, brisk, agreeably perfumed and dehcious : Core, medium size : Seeds, medium size, light brown. EiPE in October, and keeps well for four or five weeks. [40] THE BELLE LTJCRATIVE PEAR Fruits of AmeErcQ, Plate N' Drawa Erora NafuLii $< Cfiromo IcITl''- iy W. SKarp THE BELLE LUCRATIVE PEAR. Belle Luceative. Lindley's Guide to the Orchard. FONDANTE d'AuTOMNE, Beurre' Lucrative, ^ Bergamotte Lucrative, ( Hort. Soc. Cat. 3d Ed. 1842. Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. of some French Collections. Among our early autumn pears, which stand preem- inent for their high and dehcious flavor, the Belle Lucrative maintains a place second only to the Seckel. It has not quite the spiciness of the latter variety, but, possessing all its other excellences, it more than makes up for tliis deficiency in the superior size of the fruit. As a hai'dy and vigorous tree, and an early and abun- dant bearer, it must be ranked as one of the very best pears yet added to our collections. The Belle Lucrative first fruited in this country in the Pomological Garden at Salem, in 1835 or 1836, and the late Mr. Manning gave a brief account of it in the Magazine of Horti- cidture for 1837, (vol. iii. p. 15.) It is supposed to be of Belgian origin. It Avas first brought to England by the late Mr. Braddick, who received the scions from M. Stoffels, of Mahnes, and it was probably originated by that pomologist. Through Mr. Braddick's liberahty, scions were dis- tributed among all the principal nurserymen around London, and it soon became generally introduced. By some error of the Catalogue of the London Horticultural Society, the Belle Lucrative is described as a "crisp, second-rate pear;" and this has induced some wiiters to adopt the name of Fondante dAutomne, under which name it was also described. Mr. Lindley, however, whose work appeared before the Catalogue, gave an accurate description of it, from fruit grown in the society's garden, under the name of Belle Lu- crative ; and it has since been ascertained, by Mr. Thompson, that the oiiginal description under this name was incorrect. The Belle Lucrative is a free and vigorous grower, and succeeds well upon either the quince or pear, and is well adapted for a pyramidal or dwarf tree ; even upon the latter stock, by judicious pruning, young trees may be brought into bearing very early. Tkee. — ^Vigorous, upright in habit, the longest and most vigorous branches inclining towards the main stem. [41] BELLE LUCRATIVE PEAR. Wood. — Yellowish, sparsely dotted with whitish specks, rather stout and short-jointed; old wood dull yellow, somewhat mottled with grayish olive ; buds large, full, sharply pointed, diverging, with rather promi- nent shoulders : Flower-buds medium size. Leaves. — ^Medium size, oblong-oval, tapering to the point, much waved at the edges, deep glossy green, dehcately nerved, and regularly and finely serrated ; petioles slender, and nearly two inches long. Flowers. — Medium size ; petals roundish oblong, cupped. Fruit. — Medium size, about three inches long and three inches in diameter : Form, roundish obovate, somewhat variable in shape, full at the crown, and regularly tapering to the stem, where it ends obtusely : Skin, slightly rough, dull yellowish green, occasionally little browned on the sunny side, more or less traced with russet, and covered with small, russet specks : Stem, medium length, about one inch long, stout, nearly straight, knobby and wrinkled, little fleshy at the base, and inserted, on one side of a slight projection, in a very shallow cavity: Eye, medium size, open, and little sunk in a broad, shallow basin ; segments of the calyx very short and round : Flesh, white, fine, very melting and juicy : Flavor, rich and sugary, with a delicious aroma : Core, medium size : Seeds, medium size, dark brown. Ripe the last of September, and keeps two or three weeks. [42] \ TJiE PORTEPl apple. Pruils of Americtt^ZPIaie JJ' llrowTi from NatuTe & Cliromo lilTv^ fiy '^' S^oxp THE PORTER APPLE. PoRTEE. New American Orchardist. The Porter is so well known in New England, as the very finest of our early fall apples, that it is almost unnecessary that we should say anything in its praise. Indeed, at the season of its maturity there is scarcely any other variety, — unless some of the recently intro- duced ones should prove so, — that will approach it in excellence. The vigor of the tree — its compact form — the size of the fruit — ^its rich golden skin — and the brisk and vinous excellence of its abundant juice, form a combination of qualities which few apples pos- sess. To this may be added, early bearing and a handsome habit, which make it a fine variety for cultivation for dwarf or pyramidal trees. The Porter originated in Sherburne, Mass., on the gi'ounds of the Rev. Samuel Porter, about fifty years ago, and remained unnoticed for some yeai's. A neighbor, passing through his orchard one day, had his attention accidentally attracted to the tree from some very beautiful specimens which fell off. He soon after called upon the owner, and apprized him of the valuable fruit he had upon his grounds, and re- quested that he might be permitted to cut a few scions. Mr. Porter, then somewhat advanced in life, and not seeming to be aware of its excellence, or of the importance of disseminating superior fruit, rephed, " that he might have the whole tree if he wished." This, however, was not desired, but, content to possess the scions, his neighbor grafted them into trees in his own garden, and, from that period, the Porter grew rapidly in favor, and no orchard could be considered complete without it. As an early fall apple it has no superior, and few that equal it. The cultivation of the Porter has been confined principally to the vicinity of its origin. Within a few years however, since its quahties have become more widely known, it has been much sought after; yet the supply for the market does not keep pace with the demand, and fine specimens always command a very high price. It is admirably adapted for gai'den cultivation ; trees in our collection, six years old and only eight feet high, being in full bearing. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, partially spreading and upright, the [43] PORTER APPLE. branches making a long curve upwards ; old wood clothed with numer- ous short spurs. Our vignette is from a tree four years old. Wood. — Bright reddish chestnut, dotted with whitish specks, rather slender and very short-jointed; buds medium size, short, with prominent shoulders ; old wood dull pale bro"\vn. Leaves. — Large, oblong, tapering to the point, partially folded, and very regularly, deeply, and sharply serrated; petioles medium length, and moderately stout. Flowers. — Medium size ; petals tinged with pink. Fruit. — Large, about two and a half inches broad, and three inches deep : Form, oblong, largest about one third from the stem, slightly flattened at the base, narrowing to the crown, which is oblique and somewhat ribbed : Skin, very fair, smooth, clear bright yellow, faintly striped and marbled with dull blush on the sunny side near the base, and marked with a few crimson dots : Stem, rather short, about three quarters of an inch long, slender, curved, and inserted in an open, broad, and not very deep cavity : Eye, rather large, open, and sunk in a mod- erately deep, ribbed hollow; segments of the calyx long, regulaiiy formed, and reflexed at the ends : Flesh, yellowish, fine, crisp, and tender : Juice, abundant, rich, subacid, very sprightly, and high-flavored : Core, medium size, slightly open : Seeds, rather large, acutely pointed. Ripe in September and October, and keeps well. 144] Tl-lt; I,y\KLT YOJLX PEAOI. Truii.s of .Atti eric a, Pi ate !N? Drawn fTcmTyriliiTe & Oiroino liW'- by W. SIl THE EARLY YORK PEACH. Early York. Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. Large Early York, } „ . . ^ „ . r^ „ ,- of some American Collections. Early Purple, ) Among the many varieties of peaches which have been produced by American cultivators, the Early York holds a high rank ; indeed, it must be considered, as yet, the fii'st really fine early peach which ripens. The Coolidge's Favorite, Royal George, and some others, soon succeed it, and in quality little surpass it ; but a week in period of earliness, in such a luscious fruit as the peach, gives any variety, possessing all the excellent qualities of the Early York, a value which few can claim. The tree is of a hardy and vigorous habit, and an abundant bearer; and the fruit, which is of medium size, is of beautiful appeai-ance, as our artist has so correctly represented in the accompanying plate. It has been stated, as an objection to the Eai'ly York, that the ends of the branches are Hable to mildew ; but we have not found this the case under our care. In some cold and unfavorable soils, a few of the shoots may slightly mildew, but it should be considered as an exception to the general character of this very fine peach. In New Jersey, there are one or two varieties of peaches cultivated as the Early York. They are undoubtedly seedhngs from this ; but they may readily be detected, as they have leaves with globose glands, while the true Early York has serrated leaves ivitliout glands, as will be seen by our drawing. None of the seedhngs possess the good qualities of the parent variety. Leaves. — Medium size, deeply and doubly serrated, without glands. Flowers. — Large. Fruit. — Medium size, about two inches broad, and two and a quarter long : Form, roundish oval, narrowing most to the apex, terminating in a slight point, with a broad and deep cavity at the base, which is httle oblique ; suture distinct, but not very deep : Skin moderately downy, with a pale yellowish white ground, broadly shaded with a rich deep red, which extends in fine dots neaiiy over the whole fruit : Flesh, greenish white, tender, melting, and slightly tinted with red at the stone, from which it separates freely : Juice, plentiful, rich, brisk, and high-flavored : Stone, small, tolerably thick, slightly furrowed, obovate, pointed, pale. Ripe the last of August. [45] iE CUBE PEAPu.. Trurts of Aiaenr a, Plaleli' JirawiL from jN'ature & OiToino J.lfa'^ by "W. Sliarp. LE CURE^ PEAR. Le Cuke^. Bon Jardinier, 1836. Vicar of Winkfield, < Monsieur le Cure', \ Hort. Soc. Catalogue, 3d Ed. 1842. Dumas, ) Clion, Kenrick's New Am. Orchardisi. Monsieur, 'I Belle Heloise, (incorrecily,) \ c t,i i n n ^• ' -^ ' - of some rrench Collections. Belle de Berry _ Pater Notte, / Burgermeester, (incorrectly.) Book of Fruits, 1838, No. 67. Much confusion exists in regard to the correct jiame of this pear. Poiteau, and other eminent French pomologists, have pronounced it identical with the Saint Lezain, an old and well known variety in France, where it has been cultivated for more than half a century; but, in all the principal collections, it is now known as Le Cure, or Mons. Le Cure, from its having been found in I^^V...^^ the woods by M. Clion, a French curate. Ee- \l cently, the London Horticultural Society, in their "' Catalogue for 1842, have called it the Vicar of Winkfield, from the circumstance of a tree growing in his garden, re- ceived from France, having first produced fruit in England. We have been induced to adopt the Society's catalogue as authority in nomencla- ture ; but, in this and some other instances where there are gross errors, we cannot consent to perpetuate them. After a careful investigation of the subject, and the examination of many trees, we beheve that the venerable Poiteau was right in considering it identical with the Saint Lezain ; but, as time is required to render this positive, we adopt the name, every where known in France, of Le Cm^e. No pear is more variable in its form than this, and this has given rise to the numerous synonymes. In favorable soils and seasons, it is a very excellent pear. Its great merits are the vigor of the tree, — its broad and deep green foliage, — its immense productiveness, — the large size of the fruit, — its long keeping, — and, at all times, its excellence as a bak- ing pear. It bears early, and succeeds admirably upon the quince. Tree. — Veiy vigorous, generally upright in habit, the annual shoots often irregular and spreading, and occasionally drooping. Wood. — Brownish olive, with large, prominent, grayish specks, stout, and rather short-jointed; old wood dull grayish olive; buds medium size, obtuse, and little flattened : Flower-buds, large, obovate. [47] LE CURE' PEAR. Leaves. — Large, roundish, shortly pomted, thick, deep glossy green, incurved at the edges, and rather deeply and irregularly serrated ; peti- oles medium length, about one and a half inches long, stout. Flowers. — Lai"ge ; petals large, roundish, cupped. Fruit. — Very large, about five inches long, and two and three quar- ters in diameter : Form, oblong pyramidal, angular at the crown, largest above the middle, tapering little towards the eye, and slightly contracted near the stem : Skin, fair, nearly smooth, dull green, becoming, when mature, of a pale lemon yellow, considerably suffused with red on the sunny side, somewhat traced with russet, and regularly covered witli rather large russet specks : Stem, medium length, about one inch long, moderately stout, curved and twisted, Avrinkled, swollen, and fleshy at the base, and set upon an obtuse point on one side 4|(f a slight projection : Eye, large, open, slightly depressed in a very shallow basin ; segments of the calyx rather short, rounded, and quite reflexed : Flesh, yellowish white, melting and juicy : Flavor, sprightly, rich, and saccharine, with a little perfume : Core, small : Seeds, medium size, long and pointed. Ripe in December, and often keeps till February. [48] THE ■ J! S TIE Z ER PE APl. Fnnis of Anierrca, Plate U° Drawji. from IfcTurp & CJiromo ijr(7i* by W. b'.hur-p. THE ROSTIEZER PEAR. RosTiEZER. Manning's Booh of Fruits, 1st series, 1838, No. 23. The late Mr. Manning introduced this fine pear to the notice of cultivators. It was one among a number of new varieties obtained from France, and he briefly described it in the Book of Fruits, as above quoted. Subsequently, and after further trial, he gave an account of it in the Magazine of Horticulture, (vol. vi. p. 89,) and, from specimens received from him in 1840, we fully described it in the same work, (vol. ix. p. 135,) accompanied with a correct outline engrav- ing, which we have now reproduced. As a summer or early autumn pear, it is scarcely equalled in its spicy and luscious flavor, partaking much of the character of the Seckel. Like the latter variety, it is a small and somewhat indifferent looking fruit, but, from its other fine qualities, holding the highest rank among the choicest pears. The origin of the Rostiezer is unknown. It was received from the nurseries of Messrs. Baumann, of Bollwiller, on the Rhine, and it is un- doubtedly a German pear, introduced by them, — as their collection con- tains several other varieties whose names are confined to their catalogue. Mr. Manning imported it in 1834 or '35, and it first fruited in 1837 or '38. Since then, it has been considerably disseminated, but its mer- its do not appear to have been fully appreciated until the last four or five years. The list of first-rate early pears is extremely limited, but, with a few such additions as the Rostiezer and Tyson, the season, be- tween the ripening of the Madeleine, or the Doyenne d'Ete and the Williams's Bon Chretien, would be well supplied with some of the richest pears. The Rostiezer, we have already remarked, is a rather small pear, be- ing scarcely as large as the Madeleine. The tree, however, is an abun- dant beai'er, the fruit being produced in clusters. It is of vigorous, strong, and healthy growth, but with a spreading and irregular habit, and usually bears the fourth or fifth year. It succeeds well upon the quince or pear stock. Tree. — Vigorous, of erect growth while young, but assuming, in a few years, an irregular, spreading, and partially drooping habit. Our [49] ROSTlEZEii TEAK. engraving is from a tree in Mr. Manning's collection, in full bearing, eight or nine years old. Wood. — Clear reddish brown, dotted with russet specks, strong, stout, and short-jointed; old wood slightly rough, dull reddish brown, with prominent whitish specks ; buds medium size, shortly pointed, diverging, with rather prominent shoulders : Flower-buds medium size. Leaves. — Medium size, roundish ovate, generally broadest near the middle, and tapering to each end; thick, dull dark green, somewhat incurved at the edges, and finely but rather obtusely serrated ; petioles moderately stout, about one and a half inches long. Flowees. — Medium size ; petals cupped. Feu IT. — Medium size ; in large specimens, about two inches long, and one and three quarter inches in diameter ; Form, regular, pyram- idal, full at the crown, tapering regularly to a point at the stem : Skin, slightly rough, dull russety green, broadly tinged with dull red, somewhat russeted on the sunny side, and covered with dark greenish specks : Stem, very long, about one and a half inches, slender, sHghtly knobby, and obliquely inserted on one side, with a slight cavity beneath : Eye, rather large, open, scarcely depressed, surrounded with uneven an- gles or projections ; segments of the calyx short : Flesh, rather coarse, yellowish, very melting and juicy : Flavor, rich, sugary and sprightly, with a delicious spicy perfume : Core, small : Seeds, small, pale brown. Ripe the last of August and beginning of September, [50] T]-[E f-'^LEMlSJi BEAUTY PEAT!,, Pmii's of Amp.ru.ii ,j'i nt" -T^" Urciwn IViim Katiire 5 C'hroTiio luTi'' Ijy "W SJiQTp THE FLEMISH BEAUTY PEAR. Flemish Beauty. Pomological Magazine, vol. iii. pi. 128. La Belle de Flandres, bouche nouvelle, Brilliant, Imperatrice de France, ■ Josephine, y Hort. Soc. Cat. 3d Ed. 1842. Josephine, i TT" T3 / "I some, rONDANTE DU BOIS, ^ Bosc Sire, Bosch, Beurre' Spence, Van Mons, in Revue des Eevues, 1830, p. 180. Barnard, of some collections around Boston. When Dr. Van Mons was asked, "if his own taste was called upon to decide the question, to which of all his new pears he would give the preference," he immediately replied, " the Beurre Spence," and added, " This fruit, to my taste, is inestimable, and has no competitor." Such would be our reply to the same question, substi- tuting the name of Flemish Beauty for that of Beurre Spence ; for, if large size, beautiful ap- pearance, and delicious flavor, constitute a fine fruit, the former variety possesses them all in a remarkable degree. Under the name of the Barnard pear, the Flemish Beauty has been known in Dorchester, Mass., for nearly twenty years, before we have any knowledge of its introduction under the latter name, and the inference is, from its answering in every particular to Dr. Van Mons's description of the Beurre Spence, that it is identical with that celebrated vaiiety. Under that name we have received it from English and French collec- tions, and we have ventured to place it among the synonymes above. There is one peculiarity of the Flemish Beauty which should always be borne in mind by cultivators. If the fruit remains upon the tree until fully ripe, it loses most of its flavor. It should always be gathered while it adheres firmly to the tree ; it then becomes extremely melting and luscious. The Flemish Beauty, from its vigorous growth, does not come into bearing very early, — about the fifth or sixth year, — but, when it begins to bear, it produces the most abundant crops of large fruit, often meas- uring twelve inches in circumference. It does not succeed very well upon the quince. [51] FLEMISH BEAUTY PEAK. Tkee. — Vigorous, with a spreading habit; in old trees sometimes slightly drooping. Wood. — Clear reddish brown, with rather numerous whitish specks ; annual shoots long, rather slender, and short-jointed; buds pointed j prominent, with rather stout shoulders : Flower-buds medium size. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate, tapering to the point, smooth, deep glossy green, shghtly and obtusely serrated, the younger ones flat, the older somewhat folded, and slightly recurved on the midrib; petioles long, from one and a half to two inches, and rather slender. Flowers. — Medium size ; petals, obovate, cupped. Feuit. — Large, about three inches and a half long, and three inches in diameter : Form, oblong-obovate, lai'gest about one third from the crown, and tapering to an obtuse point at the stem : Skin, fair, slightly rough, dull yellow, more or less traced with a rich deep russet, clouded with green, beautifully mottled with crimson in the sun, and covered with russet specks : Stem, medium length, about one inch long, moderately stout, curved, and inserted in a small cavity, rather highest on one side : Eye, small, open, and shghtly sunk in a smooth, shallow basin; seg- ments of the calyx short, pointed : Flesh, white, little coarse, very melt- ing and juicy: Flavor, rich, sugary and delicious, with a high aroma: Core, large : Seeds, small, pale brown. Ripe the last of September and beginning of October. [52] THE STETSO.^^S SJiEDlJNG PIACJI. Fruitj of America, Plate JI° DrawFL frorn Ji'ahire & ChTomo Inh^'bj W iSharp. THE STETSON'S SEEDLING PEACH. Stetson's Seedling. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xiii. p. 114. So common is tlie practice of raising seedling peaches in this country, that many cultivators produce them only in this way, and scarcely think it necessai'y to resort to the labor of budding. That the peach is very easily grown from seeds, and perhaps with more certainty of procuring good varieties than any other fruit, is undoubtedly true ; yet, to rely upon this mode for the general purposes of cultivation, is neither econ- omy of time or money. There is a very great difference in the quality of peaches ; and, to raise a seedling of the excellence of the Grosse Mignonne or Noblesse, to say nothing of being superior, as it should be, in some respects, to be deserving of a name, is a task not very easily accomplished. That our American varieties of the peach will be so much improved as to equal or sui-pass any we now possess, there is no reason to doubt; but it will be a work of time, and not to be expected at once. The splendid variety now figured was raised by N. Stetson, Esq., of Bridgewater, Mass. It was an accidental seedling, which sprung up in his garden in 1843, and, being a promising-looking tree, it was removed, in 1845, to a favorable spot, on the south side of the house, where it could be trained to a trellis. It grew rapidly, and, in the fall of 1846, it first produced a few specimens of fruit of such remarkable excellence as at once to place it among the very choicest varieties in cultivation. Since then, it has continued to bear abundantly, and to fully maintain its high character; ranking with the Noblesse in size, surpassing it in beauty, and equalling it in its delicious flavor. The tree is a vigorous, rapid, and healthy grower. Leaves. — Rather large, and somewhat wavy, crenated, with small globose glands. Flowers. — Small. Fruit. — Large, about two and a half inches broad, and two and a half long : Form, roundish, full at the base, and tapering little to a very prominent point at the apex ; suture very indistinct, with a moderately deep and narrow cavity at the stem : Skin, slightly downy, greenish white, delicately and beautifully marbled and abruptly shaded with deep crimson on the sunny side : Flesh, white, fine, rayed with pink at the stone, from which it parts freely, very melting and juicy, brisk, exceed- ingly rich and luscious : Stone, large, broad, and rather thick, but deeply and coarsely furrowed, and acutely pointed. Ripe from the middle to the last of September. [53] THE m\Y :BrGAEPLEATJ CRERKY. . YrxLits of Amerce a, Plate K? Driwii. from. jN''a.ture & C'liroTTto [iHif 'by- T*/" iSkiirp THE MAY BIGARREAU CHERRY. May Bigaereau. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. vii. p. 388. BiGARREAU DE Mai, American Oichardist, 3cl Ed. BiGARREAu DE Mai, ot some French collections. Baumann's May, Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. The origin of the May Bigarreau cherry is unknown ; all we have of its history is, that it was received, among several other varieties of cherries, by Col. Wilder, late President of the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society, from Messrs. Baumann, nurserymen, of Bollwiller, in France, about the year 1838. Several of the very earliest and best sorts were ordered by him, but, as often happens with importations of fruit trees, as well as plants, the labels of some of them were lost off, and this unfortunately was among the number. The invoice, however, enumerated one as the Bigarreau de Mai ; and, as none of the varieties proved to be remarkably early but this, it was natural to conclude that the name belonged to this cherry. The tree first produced fruit in the summer of 1841, when some handsome specimens were exhibited early in June, long before any other sorts were near ripe. In some subsequent years, it has been fully ma- ture as early as the first of June. Last season, the fruit on young trees, in our collection, began to color before the May Duke was appa- rently half grown, thus fully entitling it to the name of the earliest cherry. It is also one of the most prolific bearers. The late Mr. R. Manning gave a brief description, in the Magazine of Horticulture, (vol. viii. p. 281,) of fifty-four varieties of the cherry, which had fruited in his extensive collection up to that time, (1842,) with their relative period of maturity ; and, by a reference to that arti- cle, we find the date of the ripening of the earliest kind, June 23d, the variety being one of Mr. Manning's seedlings, called the Early Black Heart : seven varieties ripened between that and the May Duke, which was not mature until the 30th of June ; and, according to his state- ment, the May Bigarreau would be about one month earlier than that old, and generally considered early, cheiTy. Unless, therefore, the Eaiiy Purple Guigne, which is yet but little known in American collections, proves to be remarkably early, the May Bigarreau may be safely set down as, at least, a fortnight earlier than, any other variety. To aid in the distinction of some fruits, particularly the cherry and peach, pomological writers have adopted various methods of classifica- tion. With the cherry, the French have been the most successful, and [55] 31 A Y B I G A R R E A U CHERRY. their system of arrangement has generally been followed ; but, with the great increase of new kinds from seed, the distinctions, once so well defined, have become less and less apparent, until they have, in some instances, been almost entirely merged into one another. Thus, in the family of Bigarreautiers, which included only the hard-fieslied cherries, the varieties have been so altered, by cross-fertilization, that the tender- est of this class, and the firmest of the heart cherries, (Guigniers,) do not admit of any distinction in this respect. Aware, after much experience, of the vagueness of the divisions adopted by French writers, Mr. R. Thompson, in a valuable article in the Horticultural Transactions, (vol. v. p. 248,) describing more than fifty varieties, prepared a classification of his own, based upon the natural habits of the trees, and not upon the mere consistence of the flesh. His method of arrangement consists of two classes, as follows : — Class 1. Those with large, pendent leaves, wavy on the margin. Class 2. Those with smaller leaves, with the margin plane. To the first class, are referred all the Bigarreau and Heart cherries ; and, to the second, the aqueous varieties, as the Dukes, Morellos, &c. Mr. Thompson's arrangement appears far the best adapted to the cherry in its present improved state, and we shall embrace the opportu- nity of referring to it again. We complete our description of the May Bigarreau as follows : — Tree. — ^Vigorous, partially spreading, regular in form, with a rather compact habit. Wood. — Moderately strong, short-jointed, rich shining brown, nearly covered with a silvery gray epidermis ; buds large, ovate. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate oblong, sHghtly waved on the margin, broadest about the middle, obtuse at the base, and shortly tapering to the point ; unequally, coarsely and deeply serrated, with prominent veins beneath ; petioles rather short, about three quarters of an inch long, moderately stout, with two large reniform glands near the base of the leaf. Flowers. — Medium size, opening earlier than any other variety ; pe- tals thin and wavy ; style and stamens about equal length. Fruit. — Rather small, about three quarters of an inch in diameter, oval heart-shaped, and somewhat angular in its outline : Skin, rich deep red; when fully mature becoming of a shining dark purplish color : Stem, medium length, about one and a half inches long, moderately stout, and inserted in a narrow, rather shallow, and irregular cavity : Flesh, purplish red, soft and tender : Juice, abundant, with a sweet, rich flavor : Stone, medium size, roundish ovate. Ripe the last of May and early part of June. [56] fruits of America P- ,rii PivEADISE .'D'AUTOMFE PEAR, Br.xwTL frciniFature & Cli.roiTio litk'? "by "W. Sliarp. THE PARADISE D'AUTOMNE PEAR. Paeadise d'Automne. Kenrick's American Orchardist, 3d Ed. Among the more recently introduced pears, the Paradise dAutomne holds a conspicuous place. The first account we find of it is in the American Orchardist, 3d Ed. 1841, where Mr. Kenrick de- scribes it as a new pear, received in England from France. Subsequently, it was enumerated and de- scribed in the Catcdogue of the London Horticultu- ral Society, 3d Ed. 1812, with the remark, by Mr. Thompson, that it was " very like the Beurre Bosc," and its general resemblance to that fine pear has induced some authors to consider the tw^o synonymous. It is, however, quite distinct, and may readily be distinguished by the more iiTegular and uneven outline of the fruit, as well as by its more melting and but- tery flesh. In the wood and foliage, the two are very dissimilar; the Paradise dAutomne having small leaves, and a reddish wood so thickly and distinctly dotted with large whitish grey specks, as to distinguish it at once. In quality, it is fully equal, if not superior, to the Bosc. The Paradise dAutomne was introduced by Mr. Kenrick, who gave scions to the late R. Manning, in whose Pomological Garden, at Salem, it first fruited in this country in the autumn of 1844, when the tree produced about a dozen pears : it has continued to bear every year since, and our drawing, which is a most correct representation of the fruit, was made from some beautiful specimens sent us by Mr. Manning last autumn : our outline engraving is from a specimen from the same tree in 1846. The Paradise dAutomne is a much more vigorous growing tree than the Beurre Bosc, making long and moderately stout shoots, upright at first, but afterwards becoming straggling and irregular. Our vignette represents a young pyramidal tree, three years from the bud. Whether it will succeed upon the quince, has not yet been fully ascertained : we are under the impression it will not prove long-lived on that stock, as we have trees, two years grafted, which present a rather feeble appear- ance. On the pear, it comes soon into bearing, about the fourth year. Tree. — Vigorous, upright when young, with the annual shoots often curved; but, as the tree becomes older, assuming a straggling and somewhat pendulous habit. Wood. — Reddish brown, thickly dotted with very large, oblong, whit- [57] PARADISE D'AUTOMNE PEAR, ish grey specks, and short-jointed ; buds roundish, shortly pointed, di- verging, with very stout, prominent shoulders : Flower-buds medium size. Leaves. — Small, ovate, rather thick, dark green, tapering towards each end, shghtly wavy, and nearly entire on the edge ; petioles short, about three quarters of an inch in length, and moderately stout. Flowers. — Medium size ; petals oval, cupped, and entire on the edge, with a rather short claw. Fruit. — Large, about three and a half inches long, and two and a half in diameter : Form, pyramidal, slightly irregular and uneven on the surface, large and full in the middle, little contracted as it tapers to the stem where it ends obtusely : Skin, shghtly rough, dull yehow, profusely covered with bright russet, thickest on the sunny side where it has a ruddy tinge : Stem, long, about one and a half inches, moderately slender, uneven, curved, and obliquely attached to the fruit by a fleshy and oftentimes Avrinkled base : Eye, rather large, open, and moderately depressed in a much-furrowed basin ; segments of the calyx long, re- flexed : Flesh, yellowish white, coarse, melting, buttery and juicy : Flavor, rich, sugary, sprightly, perfumed and delicious : Core, small : Seeds, medium size, long and pointed. Ripe in September, and will keep two or three weeks. [58] THE DOYENNE V^ BTE ?EAR. Triiiti oF Aituerrca PUte K? BvcLvai from. ^Fature & Ciirorno litk?'- hy W. k^harp THE DOYENNE' D'ETE' PEAR. Doyenne' d'Ete'. TJieorie Y of some American Collections. Gibson, ) The Andrews is, unquestionably, one of the finest American pears yet produced. It has everj-where, and under all ciiTumstances, so far as our knowledge extends, proved to be a hai'dy, productive and supe- rior variety. In appeai'ance, it is less prepossessing and showy than the Wilhams's Bon Chretien (Bart- lett) or the Golden BeiuTe of Bilboa, which ripen at the same time ; but in its ver}' melting flesh, and the pecidiarly rich cinnamon ai'oma of its abundant juice, surpasses either of them, and is second to no other pear of its season. The history of the Andrews, though tolerably weU authenticated, is, however, to be received with some doubt. Tlie first account of it was pubhshed in the X. E. Farmer, by ^Ir. Samuel Downer, who introduced it to the notice of cultivators soon after the organization of the Massa- chusetts Horticultural Society, in 1829. Mr. DoMiier states that it originated in Dorchester, and that the original ti'ee was pm-chased about sixty years ago by Mr. John Andrews, of Boston, who removed it to his garden in Court Street, where it continued to beai- fi'uit for several yeai's ; but from some cause, either its locality or from neglect, it disap- peared more than thuly years ago. The only doubt respecting its origin, as above stated, is, that in Som- eiwille, Mass., there is now growing, in full ^*igor, and bearing a large annual crop, a fine large tree of the Andrews. Where the scions came from is unknown ; the only infonnation the present owner of the tree can give, is, that his father gi'afted it when he was a little boy, upwards of sixtij years ago. As the age of this tree is as great as that claimed for the one purchased by Mr. Andi'ews, it remains a question whether the latter was the original one, or whether it was gi'afted from the same unknown source fi'om which the one in Somerville was obtained. Of its native origin, however, there can be no doubt. The Andrews is a slow gi'owing and moderately vigorous tree, bear- ing so profusely that it makes very little wood. It comes into beaiing rather early, and is another of the many American peai'S which does not gi'ow freely on the quince. L971 ANDREWS PEAR. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, upright, little irregular, making very slender wood while young, but becoming stronger as it advances in age. Wood. — Dark reddish brown, dotted with small white specks, rather slender and short-jointed ; annual shoots, short; old wood, dull brown ; buds, medium size, roundish ovate, full, diverging, with rather promi- nent shoulders : Flower-buds, medium size. Leaves. — Small, oblong ovate, dull green, shortly pointed, rather coarsely nerved, wavy on the margin, and finely serrated ; petioles, long, nearly two inches in length, very slender. Flowers. — Medium size ; petals cupped. Fruit. — Large, about three inches long and two and three quarter inches in diameter: Form, obovate, pyramidal, slightly irregular, one side being a little larger than the other, full at the base, and tapering to the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, yellowish green, tinged with brownish red on the sunny side, and dotted with a few scattered russet specks : Stem, medium length, about three quarters of an inch long, rather stout, curved, twisted and obliquely inserted without any cavity, usually with a projection on one side : Eye, medium size, open, and deeply sunk in a round basin ; segments of the calyx medium length : Flesh, yellowish white, fine, melting and very juicy : Flavor, rich, sugary and refreshing, with a peculiarly delicious aroma: Core, medium size : Seeds, lai'ge, very long, hght broTvu. KiPE in September and keeps three or four weeks. [98] TEE GOLDEN BETJM OE BILEOA PEAE., Pi-ulls of ATnPT'ica.,PTcttb' M'. Drawn froni J^Taliivp & CKromo j.ifh'.' hv'^K'. ^'ha^p. THE GOLDEN BEURRE^ OF BILBOA. loLDEN Beuree'' OF BiLBOA. Keiiiick's American Orchardist. Golden Beurre', of some English Collections. Hooper's Bilboa, of some American Collections. Few of our eai'ly autumn pears have a more prepossessing appearance than the Golden Beurre of Bilboa. Its skin is unusually smooth and fair, and its golden yellow hue, so indicative of its name, is made yet the more rich in contrast with the / deep blotch of cinnamon russet which encircles its stem, and whose outer line is lost in the dehcate tracings and dottings which radiate from it. But the great beauty of the Golden Beurre of Bilboa, as with some pears, is not its only merit. Inde- pendent of this it is really a most excellent fruit, having a fine melting flesh, a vinous juice, and a pleasant flavor; add to these a vigorous and handsome growing tree, producing abundant crops, and a fair estimate may be formed of this desirable pear. The Golden Beurre of Bilboa was first introduced into American collections by Mr. J. Hooper, of Marblehead, who imported the tree from Bilboa, in Spain, in 1821 ; and in October, 1831, specimens of the fruit were first exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Mr. Manning, wlio introduced it into his collection, thought it might probably be detected among the future importations from Europe ; but neither in the immense number of varieties cultivated by Mr. Manning, nor in any other collection, up to this time, a period of twenty years, has a similar variety yet been seen, showing conclusively that it must have originated in the country from whence it was received. Some few years ago we received several new varieties of pears from an Enghsh collection, and among them was a Golden Beurre. We supposed it to be some entirely new kind, as no such pear has been described by any European pomologist. The wood appeared familiar, though we did not then think of identifying it as a synonym e. We have since ascertained that scions of the Golden Beurre of Bilboa were sent to England, some years ago, by Mr. W. Kenrick. This at once explained the history of the Golden Beurre, and we doubt not, hereaftei-, it wiU be often received from abroad as a new pear. The tree is a vigorous and healthy grower, with a fine habit, making a symmetrical head. It does not come into bearing veiy early, nor does it succeed verv well upon the quince. [991 GOLDEN BEURRE' OF BILBOA. Tree. — Vigorous, upright and regular in form, with the branches shghtly horizontal at first, but gently curving upwards at the ends ; an- nual shoots rather long, tapering but little to the ends. "WTooD. — Clear yellowish brown, dotted with small whitish specks, moderately stout and rather short-jointed ; old wood, reddish brown ; buds, medium size, oblong ovate, erect, with rather prominent shoul- ders : Flower-buds, medium size, ovate. Leaves. — Large, roundish ovate, largest near the base, tapering to the point, thick, hght green, glossy, with prominent nerves, shghtly recurved on the midrib, nearly flat, and deeply, regularly and sharply serrated ; petioles, rather short, about three quarters of an inch long, moderately stout. Flowers. — Medium size ; petals, oval ; claw, rather short. Fruit. — Size large, nearly three inches long and two and a half in diameter : Form, obovate, largest about one third from the eye, and tapering in a swollen manner to the stem : Skin, very fair, smooth, pale yellow when mature, with a large blotch of smooth russet encircling the stem, regularly dotted with russet specks, and occasionally having a faint tinge of blush on the sunny side : Stem, long, about one a half inches in length, uneven, rather slender, and obliquely inserted in a small cavity, with a shght projection on one side : Eye, medium size, closed, and moderately sunk in a round basin ; segments of the calyx long and narrow : Flesh, yellowish white, fine, melting, buttery and juicy : Flavor, sprightly, refreshing, vinous and excellent : Core, small : Seeds, medium size, nearly black. Ripe the last of September, and keeps well for two or three weeks. [100] THE FRUITS OF AMERICA CONTAINING RICHLY COLORED FIGURES, .full leffrriptinnH nf nil tlie rjinirest f urieties rnltinato BY C. M. HOVEY, . EDITOR OF THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE: COBEESPOJJDING MEMBER OP THE CINCINNATI HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, OHIO J OF THE CLEAVELAND HORTICULTtmAI, gOClETT, ETC. ; AND HONORART MEMBER OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES OF NEW HAVEN, CONN. ; PITTSBURa, P4. J ROCHESTER, N. Y. ; STEUBENVILLE, OHIO; BURLINGTON, IOWA; COLUMBUS, OHIO; NEW BEDFORD, MASS . ETC. TOLUME II. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY HOVEY AND CO., MERCHANTS ROW. 1856. Entered according to an act of Congress, in the year 1851 , By C. M. HovEY, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. HENRY W. DUTTON, PRINTER, 37 Congress Street, Boston. CONTENTS O' The Standard names are in Roman letter 5 and the Synonymes in Italics APPLES. Burlington Greening 79 Chimney 7 Cogswell 31 Cogswell Pearmain 31 De Neige 7 Dotes or Douse 39 Fameuse 7 Ghrafensteiner 15 Gravenstein 15 Grave Slige 15 Hampshire Greening ; 79 Hawley 39 Horseblock 63 Jersey Greening 79 Ladies' Sweeting- 87 Manomet 63 Minister 95 Pomme de Fameuse 7 Pomme de Neige 7 Rhode Island Greening 79 Sanguineus 7 Snow Apple 7 Tufts 23 Tu/ts' Baldwin 23 CHERRIES. Hovey 25 Downer 93 Downer's Late 93 Downer's Late Red 93 Downer's Native Mazzard 93 PEACHES. Coolidge's Favorite 49 Crawford's Late 9 Crawford's Late Malacalune 9 Crawford's Superb Malacatune 9 Crawford's Late Melocoton 9 Cutter's Yellow 59 Jacques 57 Jacques' Rareripe 57 Jacques' Yellow Rareripe 57 Lemon Rar eripe 9 Red and Yellow Rareripe 59 Yellow Red Rareripe 59 PEARS. Adams 91 A Courte Queue 85 Bartlett 11 Belle et Bonne de Zee 29 Beurre Beaumont 89 Beurre blanc 85 Beurre Clairgeau 73 Beurri d'Albret 65 Beurre de Fontenay 81 Beurre de Lu^on 81 Beurrd du Roi 21 Beurre gris d'hiver 81 Beurre gris d'hiver Nouveau 81 Beurre gris Superieure 81 Beurre Langclier 3 Beurre Le Fevre 89 Beurri Montefortaine 89 Beurri Picquery 21 Beurre Sterckman 43 Bonne d'Ezee 29 Bonne des Haies 29 Bonne des Zees 29 Bonne Ente 85 Bonne Rouge 77 Braddick's Field Marshal 37 Brandywine 51 Brocas Bergamot 77 Buffum 19 Buffam 19 Butter Pear 85 Collins 35 Columbia 17 Columbian Virgoulouse 17 Colmar d'Aremberg 83 D'Albret 65 Deans 85 Diamant 77 Doyenni Blanc 85 IV Dusnas ' ^ Elizabeth Van Mons 41 Forme de Marie Louise 37 Fulton 27 Gansell's Bergamot Til Gurle's Beurri "T^ Henkel 53 Howell 75 Hull 5 Ives's Bergamot 77 Kartofel 83 Lawrence 13 Louise d' Orleans 21 Manning's Elizabeth 41 Maria 37 Marie Chretienne 37 Marie Louise 37 New York Red Cheek 33 Fine Pear 85 Flumbgastel • 71 Foire de Limon 85 Foire de Seigneur 85 Poire Neige 85 Princess de Farmi -37 Red-Cheeked Seckle.... 33 Sabine of the Flemings 15 Saint Ghislain 45 Saint Michael Archangel 71 Saint Michael 85 Seckel 33 Seckle 33 Shakspeare 33 Sheldon 61 Snow Pear 85 Staunton • 77 Sycle 33 Triumph de Jodoigne 55 Urbaniste 21 Van Mons 158 41 Virgalieu 85 Watertown 35 William 11 IVilliams' Bon Chretien 11 White Beurri 85 White Doyenne 85 PLUMS. Brugnon Green Gage 69 Brttyn Gage 69 Damas Ver-t 69 Dauphine 69 Drap d'Or 69 Green Gage 69 Grosse Reine 69 Grosse Reine Claude 69 Isleworth Green Gage 69 Jefferson 1 Mc Laughlin 47 Reine Claude 69 Reine Claude Dorl 69 Sucrin Vert 69 Verte Bonne 69 WilmoVs Green Gage 69 Wilmot's Late Green Gage 69 Wilmot's New Green Gage 69 STRAWBERRIES. Scott's Seedling 67 THE JEEPERSOIn^ ELIBt. Fruits nf AiTuericaPlate N° T),-,,vr: F-for^:At,rr.;,P}vnwny\tl'' h. "W 'SnciPp. THE JEFFERSON PLUM. Jefferson. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xi. p. 23. Few vai'ieties of plums, — certainly none of our American seed- lings, — have had a higher reputation than the Jefferson. It has been pronounced nearly or quite equal to the Green Gage, — that almost unsurpassable standard of excellence, — by some of our pomologists, and in consequence of such an eulogium in its favor, it has been extensively sought after, and introduced into many of the finest collections of this fruit, with the expectation that it would supplant that old and deservedly popular and esteemed plum. But as the trees have come into bearing this expectation has not been reahzed. The Jefferson proves, indeed, to be a most excellent variety, superior to many others of the same season, but it cannot be ranked with the Green Gage. It possesses, however, great beauty, and, in this respect perhaps, it equals, if it does not surpass, any other variety ; it has the same delicate yellow skin as the Washington, but this is blotched and marbled, in the most beautiful blending of tints, with crimson, lake and rich purple. It has also the excellent characteristic of hanging long upon the tree without rotting. Summing up all its qualities, — size, beauty and fine flavor, — it must claim a prominent place among our plums, answering as a very good substitute for the Green Gage when that variety is gone, though falling a little short of it in excellence. The Jefferson was raised by the late Judge Buel, of Albany, and the original tree was, a few years since, growing upon the grounds occupied by him. The date of its origin we have not seen stated, but we pre- sume it must have been twenty-five or thirty years ago. In looking over a list of fruit trees, presented to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society by Judge Buel, in 1829, we find one tree mentioned simply as " my plum ;" and as we are not aware of his ever having raised any other variety of merit, we presume that it was the Jefferson. In 1841, trees were presented to the London Horticultural Society, in whose garden it fruited in 1845. It is now very generally disseminated throughout the country. The Jefterson is not a very rapid growing tree, having much of the habit of the Green Gage ; it does not come into bearing so soon as some other varieties, but, when full grown, it produces abundant crops. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, upright, branching low, with diverging shoots, forming an irregular, rather compact head ; annual shoots of moderate growth. [1] JE FFERSON PLUM. Wood. — Purplish brown, partially covered with a grayish epidermis, nearly smooth or but shghtly downy, and short-jointed; buds, medium size, sharply pointed, with prominent shoulders. Leaves. — Medium size, narrow, ovate, deep green, smooth above, and finely and sharply serrated; petioles, medium length, about half an inch long, rather slender. Flowers. — Medium size, stamens and style about equal length. Fruit. — Large, about two inches long, and one and three quarters of an inch broad : Form, roundish oval, narrowing most on one side, near the stem ; suture, distinct, running half round, one side larger than the other : Skin, fair, smooth, deep yellow, clouded, marbled and dotted with bright crimson and purplish red on the sunny side, and covered with a thin whitish bloom : Stem, medium length, httle more than half an inch long, moderately stout, and inserted in a small circu- lar rim, set neai'ly even with the surface : Flesh, yellowish, thick, and melting, slightly adhering to the stone : Juice, abundant, rich, sweet and delicious : Stone, medium size, ovate, sharply pointed, and nearly smooth. Ripe from the middle to the last of September. [2] TEE BELffiKE LATTaEilEPL PEAH Fvucts of America, Plate N"? Drivvn from KAlure S- Chriinio Litfi'/ &y W. SKarp. THE BELTRRE/ LANGELIER PEAR. Beuere' Langeliee. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xii. p. 336. Notwithstanding the great number of new pears which have been brought to notice the last twenty years, there is still only a limited number of late winter varieties of really first rate excel- lence. The Winter Nelis, Glout Morceau, Beurre d'Aremberg, Passe Colmar and Easter Beurre, among foreign kinds, and the Lawrence and Lewis, among our American seedlings, comprise almost the entire list. It is gratifying, therefore, to every pomologist, to record the accession of such a supe- rior fruit as the Beurre Langelier, which must be classed among the best, if not the finest, of its season. It has all the characteristics of a fine pear. Of large size, handsome form, beautiful appearance, delicious flavor, ripening freely and keeping well, it at once claims the highest rank ; and if we add to these qualities a vigorous and healthy growing tree, of unexceptionable habit and large glossy fohage, a correct idea may be obtained of its excellence. The Beurre Langelier was first introduced to the notice of cultiva- tors by M. Langelier, of Jersey, who, we presume, raised it from seeds, though it may have been produced by some of the French or Belgian pomologists, and placed in his hands for sale. M. Langelier, in a cir- cular issued in 1844, when he first o£fered the trees for sale, "begs leave to draw the attention of pear growers to his new pear, of first rate merit; perfectly melting, ripe in January, of fine Beurre shape, larger than Napoleon, bears well as a standard, trees very vigorous, and one of the best in cultivation." To say it has proved all this is doing no more than justice to M. Langelier. The Beurre Langelier grows freely both upon the pear and quince stock ; it does not come into bearing very early, and it has not yet fruited sufiiciently to test its qualities for productiveness. But, so far as we can form an opinion, after fruiting it on young trees for three years, and those unfavorable ones to the pear, it promises to be an abundant bearer. Tree. — Very vigorous, upright, with slightly diverging branches, making a regular and symmetrical head ; annual shoots of moderate length, straight and strong. Wood. — Dark glossy brown, distinctly dotted with large, round, gray- ish specks, stout and rather short-jointed ; old wood, dull brown, with BEURRE' LANGELIER PEAR. conspicuous horizontal specks; buds, medium size, roundish ovate, erect, with moderately large shoulders : Flower-buds, good size, obo- vate, and slightly woolly. Leaves. — Medium size, roundish ovate, smooth, thick, dai'k glossy green, largest about the middle, narrowing to each end, little wavy and re- curved on the midi'ib, very indistinctly and obtusely serrated, with promi- nent nerves ; petioles, long, nearly two inches, and moderately stout. Flowees. — Small; petals, roundish, cupped. Fruit. — Large, about three and a half inches long, and three inches in diameter : Form, obtuse pyramidal, somewhat Bon Chretien shaped, slightly contracted about the middle, and ending obtusely at the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, clear light green, becoming pale lemon yellow when mature, with a broad tinge of pale blush on the sunny side, and dotted with numerous small russet specks : Stem, medium length, about one inch long, rather slender, and obhquely inserted in a small, shallow, contracted cavity : Eye, smaU, closed, and rather abruptly sunk in a small furrowed basin ; segments of the calyx short : Flesh, yellowish white, fine, buttery, melting and very juicy : Flavor, rich, vinous and dehcious, with a fine aroma : Core, medium size : Seeds, medium size. Ripe from December to February. [4] THE HULL PEAPv. Prmts of America, Plate N? IiTRwn from ^"alure Sr C^ToIno Iit7i4 byW. fihai-p. THE HULL PEAR, Hull. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xi. p. 43.5. The Hull pear is one of the best of our American seedlings. It is not so prepossessing in appearance as many others of the same sea- son, — having a dull greenish skin, more or less ti'aced and dotted with russet, — but in its melt- ing flesh and fine flavor, it is excelled but by few of the autumn pears. It has, in addition, all the desirable qualities which characterize our native fruits, viz., a hardy and vigorous growing tree, and an abundant bearer. The Hull is believed to have originated in the town of Swanzey, Mass. From a letter now before us, from Mr. D. Wilbur, Jr., of Som- erset, who introduced the Hull to the notice of cultivators, and who sent us scions from the original tree in 1844, accompanied with his letter, we learn that the parent tree was then growing in Swanzey, and appeai'ed about forty years old. It had not attracted much attention or been generally known only a few years. The tree originally grew in an old orchai'd, but some years previously had been removed to where it then stood. There were no other kinds in the vicinity, and from what pear it may have sprung no correct idea can be formed. Mr. Wilbur states that " it is a prodigious beai'er." It is so unlike most other varieties in its growth, wood, &c., that we have supposed it must be a seedling from some wilding tree, and that this was the first remove towards an ameliorated state, as practised by Van Mons in the production of his seedhngs. The trees grow rapidly, making long, rambhng and rather slender annual shoots, with but few lateral branches. It comes into bearing moderately early. It does not succeed well upon the quince. Tree. — Vigorous, of a somewhat stragghng habit, making long an- nual shoots, with but few lateral branches, and forming a loose irregular head. Wood. — Clear yellowish brown, dotted with small grayish specks, moderately stout, and rather short-jointed; old wood, dull yellowish brown; annual shoots, long, curved; buds, medium size, slightly diverg- ing : Flower-buds, medium size, pointed. Leaves. — Medium size, obovate, broadest neai- the base, tapering to the point, which is shortly acuminate, fight glossy green, wavy, rolling [5] HULL PEAR. slightly underneath on tlie sides, thickly nerved, and very indistinctly serrated ; petioles, veiy long, about two inches, and rather slender. Flowers. — Medium size ; petals cupped. Fruit. — Medium size, about three inches long, and two and three quai'ters in diameter : Form, obovate, tapering to the stem, Avhere it ends obtusely: Skin, shghtly rough, pale yellowish gi-een, tinged with dull red on the sunny side, blotched with russet at the base of the stem, somewhat traced with russet over the surface, and regulai'ly cov- ered with brownish red specks : Stem, long, about one and a half inches, smooth, rather slender, dark brown, and inserted without any depression on an obtuse point : Eye, medium size, open, and sunk in an uneven shallow basin; segments of the calyx, round, short: Flesh, yellowish white, coai'se, melting, buttery and juicy, slightly gritty at the core: Flavor, rich and sugary, with a spicy, dehcious ai*oma: Core, large : Seeds, medium size, mostly abortive, long and pointed, dai'k brown. Ripe in September, and keeps two or three weeks. 16] THE PAMETJSE APPLE Inal3 uPAnierica, PTate JT? Drawn from Fa 1 are 8-CIironio Ltrtif Dy l/V^&i'Iurp THE FAMEU8E APPLE. Fameuse. Forsyth's Fruit Trees, 3d Edition. De Neige, X PoMME DE Fameuse, iLon. Hort. Soc. Cat. Sanguineus, ) PoMME DE Neige, Fruits and IVuit Trees of America. Snow Apple, ) ^ » • n ^• > or some Amencan collections. Chimney Apple, ) It is somewhat remarkable that such an old apple as the Fameuse, famihar to European writers on fruits, should not have been more generally known among our American pomologists. Neither Cox nor Thatcher, two of the earliest writers, mention it; and Mr. Kenrick, in his Orchardist, appears to have been the first to call the attention of cultivators to it. His description and account of the Fameuse brought it into notice, and latterly it has become much better known and more highly appreciated, so that at the present time a collection cannot be con- sidered complete without it. That a variety of so much merit should not have been more gen- erally disseminated is somewhat surprising, for, as an autumn apple, both on the score of beauty and excellence, it has few superiors. Of only medium size, it is still large enough for a dessert fruit, and its brilliant purplish crimson skin, which brings its snow-white flesh in still greater contrast, renders it one of the most attractive apples. In its peculiarly tender, almost melting flesh, and its slightly musky aroma, it gi'eatly resembles some of the fine pears. The Fameuse has always been supposed by our pomologists to be an American apple ; and one of our authors speaks of it as a " celebrated Canadian fruit." But the early notice of it by Forsyth, as well as its histoiy, so far as it has been traced, afibrd no proof of this. On the contrai'y the evidence is, that it is a foreign apple, and in all probabiHty originated in Fi'ance. It is known to have been planted by the French settlers on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, at Ogdensburgh and Detroit, one hundred and fifty years ago ; and it is scarcely possible that at that time a native variety should have been so well known, as to have been disseminated over such a large tract of countiy. [1] FAMEUSE APPLE The Fameuse is a most abundant bearer in alternate years. It seems to prefer a deep, rich, strong, loamy and rather moist soil; and it is in such situations as this, in tlie vicinity of Montreal, that it attains its greatest excellence. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, upright, making erect annual shoots, and forming a large, round, handsome head. Wood. — Deep reddish chestnut, dotted with small, whitish specks, rather slender, and short-jointed ; buds, small, short and flattened : Flower-buds, medium size. Leaves. — Medium size, roundish ovate, shortly pointed, tapering little towards each end, nearly flat, deep green, doubly, rather deeply, and sharply serrated ; petioles, short, about one inch long, stout. Flowers. — Medium size ; petals cupped, and tinged with pink. Fruit. — Medium size, about three inches broad, and two and a half deep : Form, round, occasionally flattened at the base, and largest in the middle : Skin, fair, smooth, yellowish green, nearly covered with a lively pale red, and streaked with pui'plish crimson, very dark on the sunny side : Stem, short, about half an inch long, rather slender, and inserted in a moderately deep and somewhat contracted cavity : Eye, small, closed, and little depressed in a slightly furrowed basin ; seg- ments of the calyx rather long, twisted : Flesh, snow-white, fine, crisp and very tender; Juice, abundant, shghtly subacid, rich and excellent, with a delicate musky aroma : Core, medium size, closed : Seeds, me- dium size, long and pointed. IiiPE in October and November, and keeps well. [8] THE CRAWFORD'S LATE PEACH. Crawford's Late. Crawford's Late Malacatune, } ^^^ ^^ QrchurdiM. Crawford's Superb Malacatune, j Crawford's Late Melocoton, Fruits and Fruit TVees of America, Lemon Rareripe, of some American Collections. Crawford's Late stands at the head of all our American peaches for its size and magnificence of appearance ; and among yellow-fleshed varieties it certainly stands equally high for its excellent qualities. Under ordinary cultivation, it is a remarkably large, showy and beautiful fruit; but when raised in its greatest perfection, it measures tw^elve or thirteen inches in cu'cumference. Mr. Kenrick states that ninety of the peaches have filled a basket, holding over three pecks. This superb variety was raised by William Crawford, Esq., of Mid- dletown. New Jersey, the same gentleman who produced the Early Crawford, already figured and described in our first volume. It was first brought to the notice of pomologists by Mr. William Kenrick, of Newton, who described it in the American Orchardist, under the name of Crawford's Late Malacatune. But as all long and unnecessary names are objectionable, and not generally used, it has latterly been known simply as Crawford's Late, which name we now adopt Formerly peaches were chiefly distinguished as " rareripes" and " malacatunes," the former being the white-fleshed and the latter the yellow-fleshed ones ; but we believe it is now universally conceded, that the addition of either of these names to a fruit conveys no decided meaning, and is therefore useless. Brevity in the names of all fruits is a desirable and commendable object. Crawford's Late much resembles the Early Crawford. It is a little larger than that variety ; it is also rounder and not compressed on the sides. It has the same deep yellow skin, and the brilliant coloring of that peach, but the surface is covered with a thicker down. It ripens about a month later than the Early Crawford. As a mai'ket fruit it is one of the most profitable in cultivation, coming in, as it does, after most of the other large peaches are gone, and it always commands a high price. Under the name of Lemon Rareripe, the Crawford's Late has been considerably disseminated in Massachusetts. [9| CRAW FORD'S LATEPEACH. Leaves. — Rather large, nearly smooth, crenated, with globose glands. Flowers. — Small, pale red. Feuit. — Large, about three mches broad, and three inches long : Form, roundish, shghtly oblique at the point, one side little larger than the other, with a distinct suture running half round, and a rather small cavity at the base : Skin, deep yellow, woolly, broadly suffused with bright red on the sunny side, often indistinctly striped and mottled : Flesh, rich yellow, very melting, and faintly rayed with red at the stone, from which it parts freely : Juice, abundant, rich, brisk, saccha- rine and delicious : Stone, large, thick, very deeply furrowed. Ripe from the middle to the end of September. [10] TEK BARTLETT OR WILLIAM.^ ;■< T!n^r rf^R'^^'^R^y PEAR jneyica., £Iate U' BARTLETT, OR WILLIAMS' BON CHRETIEN PEAR. Williams' Bon CHRE''riEN. Trans. Lon. Hort Soc, vol. ii. pi. xvi. Bartlett, of all American Collections. William, of some French Collections. This large and superb pear, now universally known under the name of Bartlett, in all American collections, is one of the most popular, admired and generally- cultivated varieties, possessing, in an eminent degree, a combination of excellences which can scarcely be found in any other pear. In size it is among the largest, in appearance among the most beautiful, and in quality among the best of its season ; and, when to merits such as these are added a free growing and vigorous tree, an upright and handsome habit, an early and abundant bearer; in all seasons and all soils a fair and perfect fruit, ripening freely when gathered early, and keeping w^ell, it must be admitted that it ranks among the very best varieties for general cultivation. The Bartlett was first described, as above quoted, under the name of Wihiams' Bon Chretien, its proper and legitimate title, and one which it ought to retain. But the name of Bartlett has become so generally diffused, that it has supplanted the former, and it must henceforth be generally known, — at least in this country, — as the Bart- lett. It originated in Berkshire, England, about sixty years ago ; but grafts of it were subsequently obtained by Mr. Williams, a nurseryman near London, who first introduced it to notice. It was first introduced to this country in the year 1799, when Mr. James Carter, of Boston, purchased a few trees in London, for Mr. Thomas Brewer, of Rox- bury, Mass. The estate subsequently passed into the possession of E. Bartlett, Esq., after whom it was named. The tree grows freely upon the quince, and produces great crops ; it is, however, so early and abundant a bearer upon the pear stock, that there is but little necessity for growing it upon the quince. Young trees in the nursery rows frequently bear the second year. Tree. — ^A^igorous, upright, very regular until it begins to bear, when the branches become somewhat pendulous and irregular ; annual shoots, strong, stout, curved inwards at the ends. Wood. — Clear dark yellow, dotted with small, pale gray specks ; old wood, dull brownish yellow; buds, medium size, little pointed, flattened, with prominent shoulders : Flower-buds, medium size, obovate, obtuse. [11] BARTLETT FEAR. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate, acuminate, smooth, thick, deep glossy green, sUghtly curved on the midrib, folded inwards at the edges, and finely but obtusely serrated ; petioles, medium length, about one and a half inches long, moderately stout, holding the leaf erect. Flowees. — Medium size ; petals, roundish, cupped. Feuit. — Large, about four inches long and three inches in diameter : Form, obtuse pyramidal, largest near the middle, rounding off to the crown, and narrowing to the base, which is obtuse, with an uneven and somewhat knobby or irregular sm-face : Skin, fair, smooth, clear lemon yellow when mature, lightly tinged with blush on the sunny side, some- times russeted around the stem, and thickly covered with minute russet specks : Stem, short, about half an inch long, stout, thick, little swol- len at the base, and inserted in a small uneven cavity: Eye, medium size, open, and little sunk in a rather small furrowed basin ; segments of the calyx thick, short, projecting : Flesh, yellowish white, fine, melt- ing, buttery and juicy : Flavor, sugary and rich, with a high musky aroma : Core, medium size : Seeds, medium size, broad, light brown. Ripe the middle of September and keeps two or three weeks. [12] rj-TE LAWRE'f^HF, PEA.P.. Is ml:.- ;)! /uii':i'|.:,i,IM;il.(i N" Di'dWii Ironi Mun a Uiironfo lilli',' by ,Sfi,irii * .'ioi. THE LAWRENCE PEAR, TjAweence. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xii. p. 452. The Lawrence is one of our finest American pears, probably the best winter variety yet found among our native kinds. It has, what few other of the winter sorts possess, the excellent property of keeping well under the most ordinary care, and of ripening off as freely as the Baldwin apple. This property, which should be considered an almost indispensable one in a fine winter pear, is one of its most valuable characteristics ; still it has all the other requisites of a superior variety. It is of good size, fair form, attaining a fine yellow hue when fully mature, and its melting flesh abounds with a rich, sugary, refreshing, and perfumed juice. It was first brought to the notice of cultivators by Messrs. Wilcomb & King, nurserymen of Flushing, L. I., who sent some fine specimens of the fruit to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in November, 1843, accompanied with a letter, in which they state, " that it is a native of Flushing ; that it produces abundant crops every year, and is in eating over four months, from November to February. It is not inclined to rot or shrivel, as is tlie case with some of our winter pears. The tree is of fair growth, and appears to be a cross between the Old St. Germain and the St. Michael, (White Doyenne,) as it resembles both of them in wood, foliage and fruit, and there is no other variety in the neighborhood of the tree." The Lawrence, in its habit, resembles the St. Germain; and there can be but little doubt that it is a natural hybrid, partaking of the com- bined qualities of its two parents. In the growth of the tree, as well as the quality of the fruit, it approaches the Dix, itself a seedling from the St. Germain. But the Lawrence is of a more vigorous, as well as of a more beautiful, habit, than either of those varieties, forming, natu- rally, a fine pyramidal tree. It is an early as well as an abundant bearer. It will not grow freely upon the quince. Tree. — Vigorous, upright and regularly branched; annual shoots, slender, straight, and moderately long. Wood. — Clear dark yellow, dotted with small, grayish specks, slender and short-jointed ; old wood, dull brownish yellow ; buds, medium size, roundish, obtuse, diverging : Flower-buds, small, roundish. [131 LAWRENCE PEAR. Leaves. — Small, oblong ovate, broadest in the middle, narrowing to the base, tapering to a somewhat elongated point, thick, dark glossy green, little folded inwards, finely nerved, slightly wavy, aind rather deeply and sharply serrated ; petioles, medium length, about one inch long, moderately stout. Flowers. — Small; petals, roundish, cupped. Fruit. — Medium size, about tliree inches long and two and a half in diameter: Form, obovate, full at the crown, tapering but little to the stem, where it ends obtusely: Skin, fair, nearly smooth, pale lemon yellow when mature, somewhat freckled with dull green, with a circle of russet around both the eye and stem, and regularly covered with small dark gray specks : Stem, medium length, about one inch long, stout, straight, nearly smooth, swollen at its junction with the tree, and rather deeply inserted in a large round cavity, with a projection on one side : Eye, large, closed, and deeply sunk in a large, open, furrowed, angular basm; segments of the calyx medium length, projecting: Flesh, yel- lowish white, very melting and juicy, and slightly gritty at the core : Flavor, rich, sugary and excellent, with a slight perfume : Core, me- dium size : Seeds, small. Ripe from November to February. 114] ♦ * ^ THE C;EAYEl(STEli\ AEPLE. FriLfh cf i\jfierrca,Pfa|-e fi^ ranriL rrnTR tfHtU!'(' i> Uhroain litFl'' br tJRnrp & Son THE GRAVENSTEIN APPLE. Gkavenstein. Transactions Lon. Hort. Soc, vol. iv. pi. xxi. Grave Slue, > According to HoH. Soc. Cat, 1842. Sabine of the Flemings, > Grafensteiner, of the Germans. But few of the great number of foreign varieties of apples, which have been described and figured in European pomological works, appear to possess much merit in comparison with our native Idnds. It is ^f^-^/true, only a limited number have had a fair trial; ^^m/ but that number has been a selection from the very ^^> best, and few of them are sufficiently meritorious to retain a place in our gardens. Among these few, however, the Gravenstein un- doubtedly stands at the head. It is a large as well as a most beautiful fruit, and possesses that crisp yet tender flesh, and that refreshing admixture of sweet and acid which characterize our most esteemed apples. It comes in, too, at a season when we are not overstocked with fine varieties, succeeding the Porter, and supplying the table throughout the month of October. The origin of the Gravenstein remains in some doubt. It is said to have been originally found in the Duke of Augustinberg's garden at Gravenstein, in Holstein, and that the original tree was growing there in the middle of the last century ; another statement is, that it derived its name from being found in the garden of the castle of Grafenstein, in Sleswick ; and Diel says, that it was supposed by some to have been introduced from Italy, Be this as it may, it is a common apple throughout Germany and Sweden, and was received from thence into the English collections. It is undoubtedly of similar origin with the Red Astrachan and Duchess of Oldenburg, possessmg the pecuhar habit of growth, form of foliage, and texture of the fruit, which distinguish the German apples. At what time it was first introduced into our gardens we are not aware. But as neither Cox or Thatcher describe or name it, we sup- pose it was some time subsequent to the account given of it in the Transactions of the London Horticultural Society in 1822. It is at the present time considerably cultivated, though not to the extent its merits deserve. [15] GRAVENSTEIN APPLE, The Gravenstein is a vigorous and healthy growing tree, attaining a good size, and bearing abundant crops. Tkee. — ^Vigorous, upright, with a somewhat pyramidal habit, but forming a large, round head ; annual shoots branching off horizontally, moderately stout, curved upwards at the end. Wood. — Brown purplish red, sprinkled with a few whitish dots, rather short-jointed, woolly at the ends ; old wood, dull brownish red; buds, small, short, and flattened : Flower-buds, medium size. Leaves. — Large, ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, acuminate, the upper surface deep glossy gTeen, little wavy, and rather sharply serrated ; petioles, medium length, about an inch long, rather stout. Flowees. — ^Large, pale ; petals, roundish, cupped. Fkuit. — Large, about three inches broad, and two and a half deep : Form, roundish, irregular, angular on the sides, broadest at the base and narrowing to the crown, which is large, ribbed, and slightly de- pressed : Skin, fair, smooth, with a greenish yellow ground, of a waxen hue, distinctly streaked and pencilled with pale red, and lightly splashed with crimson, deepest on the sunny side : Stem, very short, less than half an inch long, moderately stout, and deeply inserted in a medium sized, somewhat uneven cavity : Eye, large, open, and moderately sunk in a large, open and furrowed basin ; segments of the calyx large, broad, somewhat reflexed and woolly : Flesh, yellowish white, rather coarse, crisp and very tender : Juice, abundant, rich, subacid, sprightly and high flavored : Core, rather small, closed : Seeds, medium size. Ripe in September and keeps till December. [16] jm] ClOLIMBJA. PEAP Fr.nis of AnnrriCcu Plate N^ nrawti.i'TirTnMat-'-i-r!' ^ C h.r o mo lilh.^ Vy AV. S h a j p & S : THE COLUMBIA PEAR. Columbia. Kenrick's American Orchardist. Columbian Virgoulouse, Mag. of Hort. vol. ix. The Columbia pear has not, we believe, been fully appreciated. It is now nearly twenty years since it was first introduced to notice, and it is yet only culti- vated to a limited extent. When all its qualities are considered, it must rank among our most popular vari- eties. The fruit is of tlie largest size, with a cleai^ yellow skin when mature, handsome and prepossessing in appearance, and keeps even as late as February. Though not so high flavored as the Glout Morceau or Winter Nelis, it is melting, juicy, and excellent. The tree is a vigorous and healthy grower, bearing the most abundant crops, and has that good characteristic of being a native fruit. The Columbia was introduced to notice by Messrs. Bloodgood & Co., Flushing, L. I., who sent the fruit to the Mass. Hort. Society, in De- cember, 1835, accompanied with a letter giving a brief history of the pear. In this letter, which was published in the Mag. of Hort., (vol. ii. p. 37,) it is stated that " the original tree was a seedling, about fifteen inches in diameter. It was upon a farm belonging to Mr. Cusser, in Westchester County, thirteen miles from the city of New York. Messrs. Bloodgood & Co. saw the tree, and also a grafted one from the original, four inches in diameter, which produced that year (1835) four bushels of pears." The exceMence of the specimens induced many amateurs to add the Columbia to their collections, and the variety was much sought after. But owing to its tardiness in coming into bearing, and probably its ordi- nary cultivation, it has latterly been somewhat neglected. We think, liowever, it will yet become a very popular pear. The Columbia is a strong though not a rapid grower. It has an up- right habit, forming a pyramidal head. It is slow in coming into fruit, and does not succeed well upon the quince. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, upright, making only a few lateral branches, which diverge at first, but are erect at the ends ; annual shoots stout, of moderate length. Wood. — Light brownish olive, dotted with small whitish specks, stout and rather long-jointed; old wood, dull grayish olive; buds, large, long, sharply pointed, diverging, with prominent shoulders: Flower-buds, small, sharply pointed. [17 1 COLUMBIA PEAR. Leaves. — ^Large, oblong, rather narrow, broadest about the middle, narrowing to each end, bright green, thickly nerved, recurved on the midrib, httle wavy, folded inwards, obtusely and but slightly serrated ; petioles, long, about one and a half inches, slender. Flowers. — ^Large ; petals obovate, crumpled, cupped ; cluster loose. Fruit. — Large, three and a half inches long, and two a,nd a half in diameter: Form, oblong, or ovate-oblong, full at the crown, broadest about the middle, swollen on one side, and tapering roundly to the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, greenish yellow when mature, slightly russeted around the eye, and regularly dotted with large russet specks : Stem, long, one and a quarter inches in length, nearly straight, rather slender, and obliquely inserted in a shallow cavity on the side of a slight protu- berance : Eye,''large, open, and little sunk in a contracted, rather shal- low basin ; segments of the calyx broad, spreading, reflexed : Flesh, yellowish white, rather coarse, melting and juicy : Flavor, sugary and good, with a pleasant though not high perfume : Core, large : Seeds, small, slender, pointed, light brown. Ripe from December to Februaiy. [181 THE BUITUM PEAPv T'ruil? of ArnMrir. H. P] iLte 11? Diai-^L fTOTT: l\!a,1-.u-e.&- 01\Tc.-rn» Kth'? tyW St-ih.i ;■, ,-, ]oii THE BUFFUM PEAR. BuFFUM. Kenrick's American Orchardist. BuFFAM, Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees. The BufFum pear has been variously estimated by different cultivators ; some considering it nearly equal to a fine Doyenne, while others place it among those of me- dium quality. Two years since, at the meeting of the Pomological Congress in New York, the merits of the Buffum were pretty fully discussed, the question being upon adding it to the list of kinds worthy of general culti- vation. The result of the discussion was, that it was placed upon the list by a large majority. The Buffum, without being ranked among the finest pears, possesses abundant merits, which entitle it to a place in the collection of every cultivator. The tree is of remarkably vigorous growth, as erect and straight as a poplar, forming a perfect pyramid, even without the aid of the pruning knife. It is an immense bearer; and the fruit, which hangs in clusters from every branch, is fair and beautiful, with a golden yellow skin, often russeted and deeply tinted with bright red on the sunny side. Picked early, (as it should be,) and ripened in the fruit room or house, it becomes almost as melting and dehcious as the White Doyenne, which it resembles, when in its best condition. A combination of such qualities we deem sujQ&cient to place the Buffum among our most popular varieties. The Buffum is a native of Rhode Island, originating in the garden of David Buffum, of Warren. Mr. Manning, we believe, introduced it ai'ound Boston, fruited it in his Pomological Garden at Salem, exhibited it before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, and gave a brief ac- count of it in the Magazine of Horticulture in 1837, (vol. iii. p. 16.) Since then, it has been gradually disseminated throughout the country, though among the multitude of new pears, which ripen about the same time, it has been overlooked, and inferior sorts have been planted, to the exclusion of this much better fruit. As an ornamental tree, merely, the Buffum claims our regard. Its stately habit, symmetrical form, deep green fohage, and ruddy-colored wood when stripped of its foliage, render it one of the best sorts to inti'oduce near the house, where its spiry top breaks up the formahty of [19] BUFFUM PEAR. rouud- headed trees. It is rather late in coming into bearing, and it does not succeed well on the quince. Wood. — Reddish brown, sparsely dotted with small whitish specks, moderately stout and short-jointed; old wood, dull brown; buds, small, short, broad at the base, erect, flattened : Flower-buds, medium size, obtuse, dark brown. Leaves. — Large, roundish-ovate, narrowing towards each end, thick, deep green, glossy, wavy, prominently nerved, and coarsely and obtusely serrated; petioles, medium length, three quarters to an inch long, stout, holding the leaves erect. Flowees. — Medium size : petals roundish, cupped. Fruit. — Medium size, about two and a half inches long, and two and a quarter inches in diameter: Form, ovate, inclining to. obovate, largest around the crown, rounding off" the stem, where it ends obtusely : Skin, fair, smooth, pale yellow, interlaced with russet, brownish red on the sunny side, and dotted with a few greenish and russety specks : Stem, short, about half an inch long, stout and slightly sunk in a shallow cav- ity : Eye, rather large, and little depressed in a shallow basin ; segments of the calyx short, rounded: Flesh, yellowish white, fine, melting and juicy: Flavor, rich, sweet, and pleasantly perfumed: Core, medium size : Seeds, medium size. Ripe in September, and keeps two or three weeks. [20] THE UUB/^ISTM rKAli T'ruiLs (if Araerica PI ale "N ^ tV,.mi_N»-h:ri! /v, iT-nrmiolflli.^ 'by Vv'', Saaj;|i I THE URBANISTE PEAR. Uebaniste. London Hort. Soc. Catalogue, 3d Ed. 1842. Bkurre' du Roi, of some foreign Collections. Beurre' Picquery, 1 Louise d'Orleans, \ *^^ "^"^^ ^^^^^^ ^"'^ ^^^S^^" Collections. The Urbaniste is, undeniably, one of our very best autumn pears. Under good culture, it is full as large as the Louise Bonne of Jersey, and ripens immedi- ately after that variety. The late Mr. R. Manning, after some years' experience, thought the Urbaniste, of all the European pears, the best substitute for the old Saint Michael or White Doyenne. We have long been familiar with it, and have seen it under all kinds of cultivation, and do not hesitate to pronounce it as unsurpassed among the autumn pears. I or the early introduction of this fine variety we are indebted to the Hon. J. Lowell, who in 1823, then corresponding secretary of the Mass. Agricultural Society, opened a correspondence with Mr. Knight, Presi- dent of the London Hoi't. Society. Mr. Knight, with that liberality which was always a characteristic of his life, immediately forwarded trees and scions of ten varieties of pears, among them the Urbaniste- From Mr. Lowell's garden scions were disseminated, and it is now one of the most generally cultivated of the new foreign pears. The Urbaniste was raised by the Count de Coloma, of Malines, who first sent specimens of the fruit to the London Hort. Society in 1823. That a pear of so much merit should not have acquired any syno- nymes until within a few years, is somewhat remarkable, though fortu- nate for cultivators. Within five or six years, it has been disseminated from the French nurseries as the Beurre Picquery, which, by some, is still believed to be a different fruit ; but the latest error is that of Bivort, who named and described a pear as the Louise d'Orleans, supposed to be a late seedling of Van Mens, which, after fruiting, proves to be only the Urbaniste. Such mistakes, by such a pomologist as Bivort, should caution us to look with distrust upon similar descriptions of new fruits. The Urbaniste is a vigorous though rather slender growing tree, with numerous lateral branches, which clothe the trunk from top to bottom. It is late in coming into bearing on the pear, but succeeds admirably on the quince. [21] URBANISTE PEAR. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, upright, regularly branched from the base ; annual shoots rather slender, straight, of medium length, ^OOD. — ^Light brownish olive, sprinkled with small whitish dots, and short-jointed ; old wood, grayish olive ; buds, medium size, oval, rather blunt, diverging : Flower-buds, small, obtuse. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate, largest in the middle, narrow, thick, yellowish green, glossy, slightly folded inwards, deeply and finely serrated ; petioles, medium length, about one inch long, rather slender. Flowers. — Small ; petals, narrow, wavy ; claw, long. Fruit. — Large, three and a half inches long, and three inches in diameter : Form, obovate, regulai', large in the middle, rounding off to the eye, and obtuse at the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, pale yellowish green, with occasional patches of russet, often slightly tinged with blush on the sunny side, and dotted with russet specks : Stem, medium length, about three quarters of an inch long, stout, thick, with an uneven surface, and inserted in a slight cavity : Eye, rather large, and slightly depressed in a small shallow basin ; segments of the calyx short : Flesh, white, fine, melting, and very juicy : Flavor, rich, sugary, sprightly, perfumed and dehcious : Core, large : Seeds, medium size. Ripe in October, and keeps four or five weeks. [22] :"urTS .APHJ] '"^i nl j-Vrn.PXi.ca- Plaii; "N'- IDTa-TvTvfrarr.^N'^iuTfiA CTu-o-nu; Rtkf ij^W. SIiat' p LSc THE TUFTS APPLE. Tufts. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xvi. p. 496. Tufts' Baldwin, of some. Our list of late autumn apples, though very extensive, contains only a limited number of superior quality. After the Gravenstein and Porter are gone, there is only a moderate supply of fine sorts, till the Hubbai'dston Non- such, Greening, &c., come in. At that period, therefore, it is especially to be desned that accessions may be made to the number we already possess of the excellence, size and beauty of the varieties above mentioned. To supply such a desideratum, should be the eflfort of all who are looking up our native seedhngs, or who may attempt the growth of new sorts by seeds. The Tufts originated in 1830 or '31, in Cambridge, Mass., in the garden of the late Peter Tufts. It was first discovered among a lot of seedling stocks, and from the size and beauty of the leaf, and vigor of the tree, it attracted the attention of the son of the owner, Mr. C. Tufts, who removed it in the autumn to a favorable situation, where it might develop its growth. It advanced rather slowly, and did not come into bearing for upwards of sixteen years ; it then only bore two or three apples ; the next year it produced more ; the third year a larger number, and continued to increase the crop until the sixth or eighth year, when the tree was loaded with such specimens as our beautiful figure repre- sents. In 1860, Mr. E. Tufts first exhibited quite a quantity of the apples at the annual show of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, which not only attracted universal attention, but obtained the prize as the best specimen offered for exhibition. Subsequently, it was tested by the Fruit Committee, who pronoimced it a superior variety. The general appearance of the Tufts is similar to the Baldwin ; but the form is rounder and more flattened, and the skin is of a deeper and richer hue. It also possesses the same flavor, and delicious admixture of sweet and acid, which have made the Baldwin so popular a fruit. The tree is not so rapid a grower as the Baldwin, nor quite so erect and regular in its habit ; it, however, forms a large and well-shaped head., It is a constant and abundant bearer. [23] TUFTS ATPLE. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, upright, and well shaped; annual shoots of moderate length. "V^ooD. — Dark chestnut, dotted with large white specks, moderately stout, and rather short-jointed; old wood,, brownish chestnut; buds, medium size, broad, flattened, woolly. Leaves. — Large, oblong ovate, broadest near the base, narrowing but little to the point, which is sharply acuminate, thick, dull green, flat, rather smooth above, downy beneath, finely, obtusely and not very deeply serrated ; petioles, medium length, about one inch long, stout. Flowees. — Medium size ; slightly tinged with pink. Feuit. — Large, about three and a half inches broad, and two and three quarters deep : Form, roundish oblate, swollen on one side, some- what uneven in its outline, being slightly ribbed, and narrowing little to the crown, which is oblique: Skin, fair, smooth, of an oily touch, with a greenish yellow ground, nearly covered with dark, dull crimson, little russeted around the stem, and the surface interspersed with a few scat- tered yellow specks : Stem, medium length, about three quarters of ah inch long, slender, and deeply sunk in a large rather open cavity : Eye, small, closed, and moderately sunk in a very broad and little furrowed basin; segments of the calyx short: Flesh, greenish white, fine, crisp, and tender : Juice, abundant, with a pleasant admixture of sweet and acid, high flavored and excellent : Core, medium size, nearly closed : Seeds, medium size, mostly abortive. Ripe from October to December. [24] THE tiovey: csehry Zruity oP iTnerrcd, Plate ¥° Iravm Promiialarft & Cfiromo liiJi'^ by ofiarp 8 Son. THE HOVEY CHERRY. HOVEY. The cherry, though one of the finest of the smaller fruits, has received but little attention, in comparison with the pear, the apple, and the peach, or, indeed, with the strawberry or gooseberry. Till within a few years, the list of really fine varieties has been confined to about a dozen sorts, and few of these have been much improvement over some of the oldest in cultivation : the Black Tartarian still main- tains its place as one of the best, though introduced upwards of half a century ago. The late Mr. Knight, forty years since, perceived the want of this improvement, and not only recommended the growth of new sorts, but attempted the production of seedhngs, by the sure system of hybridization. His success was much greater than with the. pear ; for the Elton, Downton, Black Eagle, and Waterloo, which were the result of his experiments, have ever since been considered among the best in cultivation. Within fifteen or twenty years, our American cultivators, aware of this dearth of superior cherries, have come into the field, and, it would ap- pear, with great success. Already our catalogues are swelling up with the names of new seedlings. The Downer, Sweet Montmorency, Spar- hawk's Honey, and Coe's Transparent, are well known ; and the more recent seedlings, of Prof. Kirtland, of Ohio, bid fair to eclipse any which have yet been raised. If so much has been already accomplished, may we not hope for far greater improvement from continued and well- directed efforts ? It is well known that, excepting Mr, Knight's cherries, most of the others have been chance seedhngs, or trees raised by selec- tions from the choicest kinds ; and we do not doubt, if careful fertiliza- tion was effected, still greater results would be produced. The new variety which we now figure will prove a fine addition to our stock of late cherries. It is larger than the Black Tartarian, and comes in among the latest of the sweet cherries we possess, ripening about the same time of the Sweet Montmorency. Its beauty is unequalled, and its excellence surpassed by none. This variety was selected from a bed of seedlings in 1839. Upwards of a dozen trees, which gave promise of excellence from the remarkable size of their foliage, were set out for fruiting ; all but two, however, out of the lot, proved to be inferior to the kinds we already possess, It [25] HOVE Y CHERRY. first fruited in 1848, and since then has borne constant crops, increasing in quantity each year. It bears in large clusters of from twenty to thirty cherries, and the tree, loaded with its fruit, is one of the prettiest sights in the garden. The tree forms a fine, broad, pyramidal head. Tree. — Very vigorous, upright, pyramidal in its growth, with ascend- ing branches, and very stout annual shoots. Wood. — Strong, rather short-jointed, brownish on the shaded side, darker on the other, and covered with a silvery epidermis ; buds, promi- nent, medium size. Leaves. — Very large, oblong ovate, largest towards the point, taper- ing to each end, thick, bright green, smooth, nearly flat, with prominent nerves beneath, doubly and rather sharply serrated ; petioles, medium length, about one and a half inches long, stout, downy, with two me- dium sized glands at the base of the leaf. Flowers. — Large ; petals, roundish, cupped ; style and stamens about equal. Fruit. — Large, upwards of an inch in diameter, and one inch in length : Form, obtuse heart-shaped, tapering very little to the point, which is broadly rounded, with a very shallow suture on one side, ending in a shallow depression at the apex : Skin, shining, clear rich amber in the shade, beautifully colored, and somewhat mottled with brilliant red in the sun, in some well-ripened specimens nearly covering the fruit : Stem, short, about one inch long, rather stout, nearly straight, and in- serted in a deep, round cavity: Flesh, pale amber, rather firm, but tender, rich, brisk and dehcious, sHghtly adhering to the stone : Stone, small, oval. Ripe from the middle of July to beginning of August. [26] ■ProitsoP Amerrca P[ate ¥" THE i^iriTOTT PEAPi Jirdvioi From. liahire I'JlroxgG, [itfi'^ by Sharp S. Son, THE FULTON PEAR. Fulton. New England Farmer, vol. vii. p. 386. The Fulton is one of the earliest of our native pears which were brought to the attention of cultivators. At the time it first fruited in the vicinity of Boston, in 1828, there were not more than eight or ten American varieties of any ac- knowledged excellence. Samuel Downer, Esq., of Dorchester, first made known its merits, and it is doing no more than justice to his excellent knowledge of fruits, to say that the encomiums which he bestowed upon it have been fully de- served, and that at the present time, after the lapse of a quarter of a century, and after the introduction of so many others, both native and foreign, it still maintains its good character, and is eagerly sought after by every cultivator of fine pears. It possesses a combination of good qualities. It is a rich looking fruit, having a fine cinnamon russet, skin when fully mature ; it is an abundant bearer ; a hardy and vigorous tree ; ripens its fruit well and in long succession, and though not so highly perfumed as some others, has a fine melting flesh and delicious flavor. The Fulton originated in Topsham, Me., and we cannot better state its history and introduction than in giving an extract of a letter from Mr. John Abbott, of Brunswick, Me., in answer to the inquiries of Mr, Downer, in tracing out its origin : — " With respect to its history, I have to inform you that a family by the name of Fulton, about fifty years ago, removed from the county of Plymouth, Mass., to Topsham, in this neighborhood, and commenced a new farm. In a year or two after they commenced their farm, Mr. Fulton and his wife, as the woman informed me, returned to Massachu- setts, to visit her friends, where she collected a considerable quantity of pear seeds, which she planted on her return home. I have counted on this farm, by this woman's planting, forty trees; but they are all ordi- nary — some of them very ordinary — except this. I have resided in Brunswick twenty-six years, and have nearly as long been acquainted with this pear. As this is the only good pear for the market in the neighborhood, I supply myself with it for three or four weeks by having them gathered and brought me before they soften." [27] FULTON PEAK. One peculiarity of the Fulton is the gradual ripening of the fruit. Every pear that falls from the tree, or that is gathered, if taken to the fruit room, mellows and becomes excellent. Mr. Manning, of Salem, first noticed this, some years ago. The tree is a good grower, and forms a handsome head. It does not succeed well upon the quince. Teee. — Moderately vigorous, of upright habit, the lateral branches forming a gentle curve upwards. Wood. — ^Brownish yellow, dotted with whitish specks, rather slender and very short-jointed, the young growth slightly downy ; old wood, grayish olive; buds, medium size, short, diverging: Flower-buds, me- dium size. Leaves. — Small, ovate, narrowing to each end, thick, light yellowish green, changing to red in the autumn, little wavy, slightly recurved on the midrib, and finely and sharply serrated ; petioles, rather short, about one inch long, moderately stout. Flowers. — Medium size ; petals, roundish ovate ; claw, long. Fruit. — Medium size, about two and a half inches long, and two and a half in diameter : Form, nearly round, shghtly uneven, flattened at the crown, and rounding off to the stem : Skin, fair, slightly rough, of a clear bright cinnamon russet, showing in some places a deep yellow gi'ound : Stem, medium length, about one inch long, smooth, and rather deeply inserted in a small round cavity : Eye, medium size, open, and moderately sunk in a small basin ; segments of the calyx, long, stiff, projecting: Flesh, white, fine, melting and juicy: Flavor, rich and ex- cellent, though not highly perfumed : Core, large : Seeds, medium size, short, pale brown-. '•• .* " .'' TliPE the last of September, and keeps three or four weeks. [28] .^ THE EOJN^M DES ZEES PEAR Fntrfs oF Araenca. Pfate ¥° DrawTi FrojufTature 8- CFiroiao rrriL'''b^' Sfiarp &■ Son THE BONNE DES ZEES PEAR. Bonne des Zees. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xix. p. 205. Bonne d'Ezee, 1 Bonne des haies, \ of some French Collections. Belle et Bonne de Zee, ) It is now some eight or ten years since we first saw this variety, and noticed it in the Magazine of Horti- culture, (vol. xi. p. 205.) It was in September, 1844, when visiting the nursery of M. Jamin, in Paris, that we tasted the Bonne des Zees, and at that time we thought it one of the best of pears : true, we had not many others to compare with it, for at that period of the year there were but few ripe ; and in the absence of such varieties as the Gushing, Golden Beurre of Bilboa, Bartlett, Belle Lucrative, &c., which we have abundant enough here, but which we did not see in Paris, we might have forgotten their comparative merits. Still, we thought it excellent, and now, after a trial of it for four years, from our own collection, we think it fully sustains the high character we gave it in 1844. It some- what resembles the Bartlett in shape and color, at least more so than any other variety we now recollect ; and it is superior to it in quality. The flesh is not so buttery, but it possesses a rich, somewhat vinous and highly ai'omatized flavor. It is a very handsome pear. The origin of the Bonne des Zees is unknown to us; whether a French or Belgian variety we are not aware. We first saw the name in M. Jamin's Catalogue, and up to the present time it appears but partially disseminated abroad. There is some doubt about the proper mode of writing the name, some French catalogues denominating it the Bonne d'Ezee ; but we have adopted that under which we received it, and which is the one used by M. Jamin. The tree is a moderately vigorous grower, making a very compact pyramidal head, even without the aid of the pruning-knife, which has only to be used to thin out its thick and branchy growth. It does not come into bearing very early on the pear, nor does it succeed very well on the quince. : Tree. — Moderately vigorous, upright, erect, and pyramidally formed. Wood. — ^Dull yellowish olive, dotted with large grayish white specks, moderately stout, and very short-jointed ; old wood, grayish olive ; an- nual shoots, short; buds, small, ovate, flattened, and sh^jply pointed : Flower-buds, small, tapering to a point. [29] BONNE DES ZEES PEAR. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate, narrowing most to the point, light green, thin, considerably folded inwards, recurved on the midrib, and entire at the edge ; petioles, rather long, about one and a half inches in length, and moderately stout. Flowees. — Medium size ; petals, ovate, cupped. Fruit. — Large, about three and a half inches long, and two and a half in diameter : Form, obtuse pyramidal, full at the crown, blunt at the stem, and little enlarged on one side : Skin, fair, smooth, yellowish gTeen, becoming lemon yellow when mature, beautifully mottled and clouded with pale red in the sun, somewhat russeted around the crown, and regularly covered with very large russet specks : Stem, rather short, about half an inch long, stout, little knobby, straight, and obhquely inserted in a scarcely perceptible cavity, surrounded with knobby projec- tions : Eye, medium size, partially closed, and slightly depressed in a broad, shallow basin ; segments of the calyx, very short : Flesh, yellow- ish white, rather fine, melting, buttery and juicy : Flavor, rich, sprightly, perfumed and excellent : Core, large : Seeds, medium size, obovate. Ripe in September, and keeps two or three weeks. 130] THE COGSWELL APPLE pTUtts oF AmeTTca, Plate K" Dratvn ProiaFdlure S- Citorao litk'^liY S&ai'p 8. Sof THE COGSWELL APPLE. Cogswell. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xv. p. 252. Cogswell Pearmain, of Connecticut. The Cogswell apple is of recent introduction to general notice. We first became acquainted with it from the beautiful specimens exhibited from time to time, by Mr. J. A. Kenrick, nurseryman, of Newton, Mass., before the Massachusetts Horticultm-al Soci- ety. From their great beauty, they attracted much attention, and were of such excellence as to merit a premium, as one of the best winter apples. As late as February, Mr. Kenrick has frequently exhibited the Cogswell in great perfection, and our drawing was made from one of his specimens. We need not commend the beauty of this fruit, as that will be apparent to all. Highly colored specimens greatly resemble the Hubbardston Nonsuch, but the fruit is a little flat- ter, and, ordinarily, not so deeply striped. At the time we described this apple in the Magazine of Horticulture, in 1849, we could obtain no information of its origin, or trace it to any original source. Mr. Kenrick could give no other account of it than that the scions, which he grafted into an old tree, were given to him by a friend who said that he obtained them from Attleboro', Mass., or vicinity. This was twenty years ago. But since then, and quite re- cently, we have learned that the Cogswell is a well known apple in the vicinity of Brooklyn, Conn., and that some very old trees are growing there, which produce abundantly. Indeed, our friend E. Newbury, Esq., of that town, kindly forwarded us, last winter, a barrel of the apples. The Cogswell possesses all the characteristics of a fine fruit. The- tree is a vigorous and upright grower, and comes into bearing much eai'lier than most apples. It is a most abundant bearer, the branches being loaded with its fruit, which hang in dense clusters. Its season of maturity is early winter, but it may be kept as late as March. It is un- doubtedly one of the most profitable apples in cultivation. The tree forms a fine large roundish head. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, and rather upright; annual shoots, rather long. Wood. — Dark reddish chestnut, sprinkled with whitish specks, mod [31] COGSWELL APPLE. erately stout, and rather short-jointed ; young wood, somewhat downy ; old wood, dark brownish chestnut ; buds, medium size, roundish : Flower-buds, good size. Leaves. — Medium size, roundish ovate, broadest neai' the base, nar- rowing to the point, wavy, light green above, little downy beneath, and finely and sharply serrated ; petioles, medium length, about one inch long, moderately stout. Floweks. — Medium size ; petals, roundish, cupped. Feuit. — ^Large, about three and a quarter inches broad, and two and a half deep : Form, roundish oblate, very regular, largest in the middle, and little flattened at each end : Skin, fair, smooth, rich deep yellow, nearly covered with very distinct and abrupt splashes, stripes and dots of brilliant red, having a few large russet specks scattered over the sur- face : Stem, short, slender, and moderately sunk in a very regular, open cavity : Eye, medium size, nearly closed, and slightly depressed in a very small shallow basin ; segments of the calyx, broad : Flesh, yellow- ish, little coarse, crisp and tender : Juice, abundant, with an agreeable admixture of sweet and acid, sprightly, high flavored and excellent : Core, small, nearly closed : Seeds, medium size, angular, dark brown. Kipe in January, and keeps till March. [32] 1 THE S ECKEL PEAR Frutts oF Amerrca , Plate N° Dravni fromPfature & Chromo IctPi''^ 1)V W.Sfi^vp THE SECKEL PfeAR. Seckel. Coxe's View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees, p. 189, pi. 25. ! According to Pomological Magazine. SycLE, Red Cheeked Seckle, New York Red Cheek, Seckle, of many authors and writers. Shakspeare, of some French Collections. The encomiums bestowed upon this — undoubtedly as regards richness of flavor — best of all pears, have been so numerous and so universal, both at home and abroad, that it would be quite superfluous to recapitulate them. The late Dr. Hossack, of New York, sent trees of the Seckel to the London Hor- ticultural Society in 1819, and, in 1820, the fruit was exhibited from the garden of Mr. Braddick, which was highly extolled for its exquisitely per- fumed and luscious qualities, and it at once became a most popular and extensively cultivated variety. To our own cultivators it has been a familiar near since first described by Mr. Coxe, in his valuable work published in 1817, and though com- paratively so old a variety, it is to this day more sought after than any other pear, unless we except the Bartlett, and is always one of the sorts planted in the very smallest collection. If it had the size of the Bart- lett, or, indeed, was a moderately large pear, it would challenge — as it does now in the estimation of many — the world for a rival. The Seckel is so named after the late Mr. Seckel, of Philadelphia, on whose estate, near that city, the original tree was growing when Mr. Coxe wrote his account of it. It is undoubtedly an accidental seedling, believed to have sprung from a kernel of the Piousselet de Kheims, partaking, as it does, of the high aroma of that variety, and greatly resembling it in the wood, leaves, habit, &c. Its great excellence soon became known to cultivators of the pear, and for many years it was the only American variety considered worth growing. With the "White Doyenne or Butter pear of Philadelphia, it was, until recently, the only sort cultivated, to any extent, for the supply of the market of that city : and notwithstanding the introduction of so many fine pears, well gi'own specimens still command as high a price as any other variety of its season. The Seckel is a very slow grower, making short stocky wood, and forming, at mature age, only a low, compact, and broadly-pyramidal tree. It is very tardy in coming into bearing, and does not succeed very well upon the quince. [33] SEC K EL PEAR. Tree. — Vigorous, upright, erect, compact in its habit, and forming a regular-shaped and fine head ; annual shoots very short, stout, and blunt at the ends. Wood. — Dark brownish olive, dotted with minute grayish specks, short-jointed ; old wood, grayish olive ; buds, small, short, broad, erect, and flattened : Flower-buds, medium size, bluntly ovate. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate, nearly flat, smooth, thick, dark green, finely and rather sharply serrated ; petioles, rather short, about one inch in length, moderately stout. Flowers. — Small, disposed in compact clusters; petals, tinged with rose, obovate, cupped. Fruit. — Small to medium, about two and a half inches long, and two and a quarter in diameter : Form, roundish obovate, largest in the middle, naiTowing to each end, with a small crown, and somewhat obtuse at the stem : Skin, nearly smooth, of a clear light golden russet when mature, with a ruddy cheek on the sunny side, and rather thickly dotted with small grayish specks : Stem, short, about half an inch long, mode- rately stout, and inserted in a very small contracted cavity, highest on one side : Eye, partially closed, and set nearly even with the surface ; segments-of the calyx, short, stifi", incurved, projecting: Flesh, yellow- ish white, fine, melting, and exceedingly juicy : Flavor, sugary, rich, and luscious, with a peculiar, spicy, aromatic perfume : Core, medium size : Seeds, small, broadly ovate. Ripe in September, and keeps three or four weeks. [34] ^t^X^*-' Prifcts of Aniercca, Plate F° THE COLIINS PEAR. Brawn From Ifature & Ciiromo lith'^ by- W. Sharp. THE COLLINS PEAR. Collins. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xvii. p. 256. Watertown, of some Collections. The Collins is one of the most recent additions to our list of American pears ; and has not, we believe, yet fruited anyAvhere except upon tlie original tree : but though so entirely new, and only proved from one locality, we think there can be but little doubt it will take its rank among the very best of our native vari- eties. In size, it is larger than the Wliite Doyenne, (or St. Michael,) which it otherwise greatly resembles, being generally like it in form, the color of its skin, and texture of the flesh; but is a much more vinoub pear, and its flavor, though not perhaps quite so rich and sugary, is brisk and more refreshing, somewhat like the Marie Louise. The Collins pear originated in Watertown, Mass., in the garden now owned by Mr. Norris Collins, and specimens were first exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1(848. They attracted, and deservedly, much attention from the fruit committee. Mr. A. Pike, nurseryman, was the first to discover the merits of this variety, and he exhibited the first specimens : he also presented us with a number of the pears, which we thought had the promise of great excellence ; and subsequent trials of the fruit every year up to this time have more than confirmed our first impressions of it. Taking into consideration all its qualities, it is a great acquisition to our list of fine autumn pears. It is supposed to be a seedhng of the White Doyenne, which sprung up accidentally where the tree is now growing, there being no other variety in the immediate vicinity. It first began to bear in 1839 or 40 ; since then it has fruited every year, proving it to be a constant bearer, as well as a most productive variety. The original tree appears about twenty-five years old, is about thirty feet high, and pyramidally formed, the branches being weighed down by the mass of fruit which it has repeatedly produced. The tree is a moderate grower. Whether it will succeed on the quince stock has not yet been fully tested. Tkee. — Moderately vigorous, upright, of tolerably regular form, with rather slender annual shoots. [35] COLLINS PEAR. Wood. — Reddish brown, dotted with grayish specks, rather slender and short-jointed ; old wood, grayish brown ; buds, medium size, ovate, diverging : Flower-buds, medium size. Leaves. — Medium size, roundish-ovate, narrowing most to the point, light green, slightly folded inwards, little recurved on the midrib, and obtusely serrated ; petioles, medium length, about one inch long, and moderately stout. Flowers. — Medium size; petals, roundish, cupped. Fruit. — Large, about two and three quarters of an inch long, and two and three quarters of an inch in diameter : Form, obovate, regular, full and broad at the crown, tapering roundly to the stem end, which is obtuse : Skin, fair, nearly smooth, yellowish green, mottled with dull red on the sunny side, somewhat clouded with grayish spots, little traced with russet, and regularly dotted with russet specks : Stem, medium length, about one inch long,' stout, curved, little swollen at the base, and obliquely inserted without any cavity : Eye, large, open, and a little sunk in a broad, open, somewhat funnel-shaped basin ; segments of the calyx, short, stiff, and sHghtly reflexed : Flesh, white, fine, buttery, melting and juicy : Flavor, sprightly, vinous, and rich, with a slight perfume : Core, large : Seeds, small, roundish- obovate, broad. Ripe in September, and keeps well for three or four weeks. [36] THE" MARIE LOUISE PEAE_. Fnrtts of America.PIat-e If^"' Drawn from Nahire Sc Chromo litli'^ Lj- F "Sharp. THE MARIE LOUISE PEAR. Marie Louise. Pomological Magazine, vol. iii. pi. 122. Forme de Marie Louise, "\ Marie Chretienne, . ,. , ,, ti . • j h^ Princess de Parme', According to the Ponwlogical Magazine. Braddick's Field Marshal, J Maria, Thompson, in Gard. Chronicle, 1846. The Marie Louise has long been known as one of our very finest autumn pears. As long ago as ]81G, Dr. Van Mons sent specimens to the Lon- don Horticultural Society, with other Belgian kinds, // which attracted great attention, and so highly es- tablished the reputation of the continental pears, that some enthusiastic cultivators made especial visits to Dr. Van Mons, and otlier amateurs, to procure the identical varieties. The late Mr. Braddick, near London, obtained a great number of sorts at three several visits, and liberally distributed scions among the London nurserymen, who soon propagated them, and offered them for sale. Li LS20, the Marie Louise first fruited in England, and an account of it, with a beautiful drawing of the fruit, appeared in the Transactions of the London Horticultural Society. It is undoubtedly one of the choicest sorts we possess, being of large size, often measuring five inches in length, maturing at a good season, keeping well, with an unusually melting flesh, and of the most refreshing, delicious flavor. The Marie Louise was raised by the Abbe Duquesne, of Brussels, in 1809, though its origin is often attributed to Van Mons. Mr. Knight first sent scions of it to this country in 1823, and, through Mr. Lowell, it was disseminated among our cultivators. It is a very hardy, vigorous, and rapid growing tree, though exceedingly ill-shaped while young, and only brought into good form by careful pruning and training. The annual shoots are often twisted and contorted, growing sideways, down- wards, curved, and, indeed, in all directions, — a character so constant that it can always be detected among all the trees in the nurseiy. When once it arrives at a bearing state, its disposition to make crooked shoots is checked, and it assumes a better form. It does not succeed well upon the quince. Tree. — Vigorous, with curved and twisted branches when young, but making a large and Spreading head ; annual shoots, long and stout. [37] MARIE LOUISE PEAR. Wood. — Clear deep olive, thickly dotted with very large, conspicuous grayish specks, stout, and rather short-jointed; old wood, very dark gray olive ; buds, large, sharply pointed, diverging, with very prominent shoulders. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate, acuminate, nearly flat, thick, deep green, wavy, and sharply but not deeply serrated : petioles, very long, about one and a half inches in length, rather slender. Flowers. — Large ; petals, obovate ; claw, long. Fruit. — Large, about four inches long, and three in diameter : Form, oblong, largest about the middle, narrowing to each end, swollen on one side, and obhque at the crown: Skin, fair, smooth, thin, pale green, becoming of a fine yellow when mature, occasionally marbled with red in the sun, often much russeted, and sprinkled with green and russet specks: Stem, long, about one and a half inches in length, moderately stout, curved, and obliquely inserted, without any cavity, under a swollen lip : Eye, medium size, partially closed, and moderately sunk in a small and much furrowed basin ; segments of the calyx, long, stiff, diverging : Flesh, yellowish white, fine, melting, buttery, and exceedingly juicy : Flavor, rich, saccharine, vinous, perfumed, and delicious : Core, medium size : Seeds, medium size, long, pointed, dark brown. PtiPE in October, and keeps well through November. [38] THE ZAWLET APPLll Friftts of America, Ptate K? Drawn From Fafiire S; CRromo iTtfi^ty- Vf. lUarp. THE HAWLEY APPLE. Hawley. Magazine of Horticulture, yoI. xiii. p. 535. Dows or Douse of some American Collections. The Hawley apple, though yet but little known out of its native locality, will undoubtedly become one of the most popular of our fall varieties. It has a combination of excellent qualities : first, its large size, often measuring twelve inches in cir- cumference ; second, its uniform handsome shape, and freedom from specks or blemishes ; third, its fine deep lemon yellow skin; fourth, its remark- ably tender and high flavored flesh ; and, lastly, its productiveness, vigorous growth, &c. All these properties are rarely possessed by a single kind, and hence its superiority over many others. This fine apple was introduced to notice by Gen. E. W. Leavenworth, of Syracuse, N. Y. In the fall of 1846, he sent us some remarkably fine specimens of the fruit, with an account of its origin. From his letter it appears that, about a century ago, Mr. Matthew Hawley removed from Milford, Conn., to New Canaan, in Columbia Co., N. Y., and, as usual with every settler at that time, took with him a lot of apple seeds, from which he raised and planted an orchard of seedling trees on his farm in that place. The Hawley was one of these seedhng trees. The farm afterwards passed into the hands of his son Daniel, and was, in 1846, owned by Thomas Hawley, the son of Daniel. For about forty years, it has been well known and cultivated in the neighborhood of its locality, as well as by eminent orchardists in Onondaga and Cayuga counties. The original tree has been dead about twenty years. Scions were obtained from it by the uncles of Mr. Leavenworth, through whom he became acquainted with this apple, and generally made known its excellence. The tree is a good grower, forms a fine round and rather loose head, and bears abundant crops. Its season is the last of September, just before the Fall Pippin, which it somewhat resembles in shape and gen- eral appearance. Tree. — ^Vigorous, upright, somewhat spreading, branching low, and forming a handsome head ; annual shoots rather slender. [39] HAWLEY APPLE. Wood. — Clear reddish chestnut, dotted with minute grayish specks, rather slender, short-jointed, and very downy at the ends ; old wood, 'light chestnut brown ; buds, small, short, broad, and flattened. Leaves. — Medium size, oblong-ovate, thin, with prominent nerves, downy beneath, wavy, and finely and very sharply serrated; petioles, rather short, half an inch long, moderately stout. Flowers. — Medium size ; petals, cupped. Fruit. — Large, about three and a half inches broad, and three deep : Form, roundish, rather broad, flattened, somewhat ribbed at the base, and narrowing little towards the crown : Skin, fair, smooth, with an oily touch, pale green, becoming of a rich lemon yellow when mature, and covered with small scattered russet specks : Stem, medium length, about three quarters of an inch long, straight, rather slender, and inserted in a deep, broad, and uneven cavity : Eye, medium size, nearly closed, and moderately sunk in a small, slightly furrowed basin : Flesli, yellow, fine, soft, and very tender : Juice, abundant, pleasantly acid, rich, brisk, high flavored, and excellent: Core, large, nearly closed: Seeds, medium size, broad. Eipe in September, and in eating through October. [40] THl'^ MANNJl^iJS ELIZABETH PEAE. FncrLs of iracnca, PUite N" Ijrawri frnm Kature S C'hrumo Itlfi''^ bv W. I^lifli'P - THE MANNING'S ELIZABETH PEAR. Manning's Elizabeth. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. viii. p. 57. • 158 Van MoNs, Magazine of Horticulture, vol. viii. Elizabeth, Van Mons, Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xiii. Neaely twenty-five years have elapsed since Dr. Van Mons sent to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society two collections of pear scions, both of which, in successive years, were unfortunately lost on the way. Deprived thus of securing the choice seed- lings, the fruits of his labors for many years, Messrs. Kenrick, Manning and Dearborn, in 1834,sohcited Van Mons to send another collection, with the hope of better success in their transportation. Fortu- nately, in the spring of 1835, these arrived safely at their destination, and in such good order that more than half of them were saved. In the spring of 1836 another package came to hand, and, though delayed on its way, many addi- tional sorts were secured. These two collections embraced nearly one hundred and fifty named varieties, and upwards of one hundred unnamed or numbered kinds, the latter wholly seedlings, and designated under the numbers by which they were known in Dr. Van Mons's nursery at Louvain, the original trees of which were soon after removed or de- stroyed, leaving their entire possession in the hands of Messrs. Kenrick and Manning. The Elizabeth was one of these numbered varieties, (No. 158.) Dr. Van Mons kindly gave Mr. Manning permission to name any of them which might prove worthy of cultivation ; and in accordance with his wishes Mr. Manning described and named it in the Magazine of Horti- culture, (vol. viii. p. 57,) as the Elizabeth, Van Mons. Subsequently we described it more fully under the same name, accompanied with an out- line of the fruit ; but as commendatory of the zealous labors of Mr. Man- ning in the introduction and dissemination of various pears, it has more recently been called Manning's Ehzabeth, a name well deserved, and one which we are happy to aid in disseminating. The Elizabeth is a very fine early pear ; remarkably beautiful, with a deep yellow skin and a bright red cheek. Often it is peculiarly marked ; when about two-thirds of its size, one half of the pear, — the blossom end, — in most of the specimens, assumes a thick russet covering, which usually terminates in a complete circle around the middle of the fruit, [41] MANNING'S ELIZABETH PEAR. and it generally retains this color, even at maturity. It is a most pro- fuse bearer, being literally loaded with pears : it succeeds well upon the quince, and comes into bearing early. Tree. — Vigorous, upright, with rather spreading branches, horizontal at first, but which turn upward with a gentle curve ; annual shoots, long and moderately stout. Wood. — Deep reddish brown, dotted with a few grayish specks, mod- erately stout, and rather short-jointed ; old wood, light brown ; buds, medium size, ovate, bluntly pointed, diverging : Flower-buds, medium size. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate, tapering to the point, yellowish green, wavy, and entire at the edge ; petioles, medium length, about one and a half inches long, moderately stout. Flowers. — ^Medium size ; petals, roundish ; clusters, compact. Fruit. — Small, about two inches long, and two in diameter : Form, obovate, very full around the crown, tapering to, and ending obtusely at, the stem : Skin, fair, little rough, rich lemon yellow, brilliantly suffused with crimson on the sunny side, through which appears deeper colored specks, becoming paler in the shade, the end next the crown often covered with thick russet: Stem, medium length, about three quarters of an inch long, rather slender, and slightly inserted in a shal- low cavity : Eye, small, open, and little sunk in an open, shallow basin ; segments of the calyx, short: Flesh, yellowish, coarse, melting and juicy : Flavor, sugary, rich, and pleasantly perfumed : Core, large : Seeds, rather large, brown. Ripe from the middle to the last of August. [42J THE BEUREE STEBKMAli PEAE Fruits of America PUte N° Di-aiynfroinNatursS UfifoTiio Lirti^ByW ii _y THE BEURRE^ STERCKMAN PEAR. Beuere' Stekckman. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xix. p. 199. The Beurre Sterckman is one of the finest pears of recent introduction to our collections, and promises to become a very popular variety. It is also one of the few, among the great number of sorts which have been yearly imported, which has proved worthy of a place among our best pears, and illustrates the importance of testing every foreign variety; for if one out of every twenty comes up to the standard of the Beurre Sterckman, all the expense of their introduction and subsequent culture, is amply repaid in the addition of such a superior fruit. It has been urged, by some cultivators, that we already have too large a variety of pears, and that- it is a waste of time to test the great number that are yearly brought to notice. But we must dissent from this opinion ; for, if this course had been followed the last ten years, we should now be deprived of some of the choicest kinds in cultivation. The Beurre Clairgeau, Grand Soliel, Poire d'Albret, Doyenne du Cornice, and many others, would have re- mained unknown to our pomologists, only in foreign catalogues. The Beurre Sterckman is a Belgian pear, and is put down in the Belgian Catalogues as a seedling of Van Mens, probably found in his extensive collection, after his death. In the absence of any authentic work, describing the newer pears, we are unable to learn anything more than this in regard to it. We first received it of M. Jamin, of Paris, in 1848. It is yet a rare variety, and has fruited in but few American collections. In general appearance it resembles the Gray Doyenne, having the same russet skin which distinguishes that pear. It is, how- ever, a superior fruit, possessing a more melting flesh, with a sprightly and luscious aroma. It is an abundant bearer. The Beurre Sterckman is a healthy and vigorous growing tree, making strong and stout wood, and but few lateral branches. It matures its fruit at a good season, and keeps well after being gathered from the tree. The tree comes into bearing rather early, and promises to be one of the few varieties that grow freely on the quince; our largest tree, and the one fi^om which our drawing is made, being now eight or nine feet high. The Beurre Hardy, of some French collections, appears to be the same pear; but as we have not yet fruited it, we do not add it as a svnonym. -' '' [43] BEURRE' STERCKMAN PEAR. Tree. Vigorous, making short, stocky wood, with but few lateral shoots, erect, aiid shghtly irregular in its habit. ^ooD. Clear olive brown, dotted with minute grayish specks, stout, short-jointed ; old wood, grayish brown ; buds, medium size, rather long, erect, with prominent shoulders : Flower-buds, large, obtusely pointed. Leaves. Large, oblong, broadest about the middle, thick, dark dull green, glossy, recurved on the midrib, wavy, little folded inwards, and entire on the edge : Petioles, rather long, about one and a half inches in length, very stout, recurved. Flowers. — Medium size ; petals, slightly cupped. Fruit. — Medium size, about three inches long, and two and a half in diameter : Form, obovate, or long obovate, very regular, large and full at the crown, narrowing little to the stem end, which is very obtuse : Skin, smooth, clear cinnamon russet, deepening to a reddish shade on the sunny side, and dotted with dark russet specks : Stem, short, about half an inch long, stout, and obhquely inserted in a small shallow cavity, highest on one side : Eye, medium size, open, and little depressed in a small, smoothly-formed basin; segments of the calyx, short, sharply pointed, broad, projecting: Flesh, yellowish, rather coarse, buttery, melting and juicy : Flavor, very rich, sprightly and dehcious, with a fine aroma: Core, medium size: Seeds, medium size, angular, very dark. Ripe in October and November, and keeps well. [44] THE SAim GHIoLAm ?EAX Prutts or AiiiBrccfl.PIahc ¥° Drawn Prom Nature R Cln-umu ulu'^- tv" ^' Stiarp THE SAINT GHISLAIN PEAR. Saint Ghislain. London Hort. Soc. Catalogue, 2d Ed. 1832. The Saint Ghislain pear was jSrst introduced to our collections by the late Saml. G. Perkins, Esq. of Brook- Hne, who fruited it several years ago, and repeatedly exhibited specimens before the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society. He praised it highly, and recom- mended it to amateur cultivators • as one of the best of our autumn pears. It is unnecessary to say it fully sustains the reputation it acquired while in Mr. Per- kins's collection. It is not a large pear, being about the size, and of the general appearance, of the Tyson or Capiaumont, but it is an exceedingly melting, rich and high flavored fruit, and as beautiful as it is excellent, having a remarka- bly fair and golden yellow skin. Besides the brief description of it in the Catalogue of the London Horticultural Society, above quoted, we cannot find any account of it in any accessible work, except in Mr. Kenrick's American Orchardist, where its origin is attributed to M. Dorlain, of Belgium. Mr. Perkins imported his tree from France, and we believe we are correct when we state that all the trees now cultivated here have originated from that source. It does not appear to be much known among the French nurserymen. When it was raised from seed, or how long it has been in cultivation, we have been unable to learn. The Saint Ghislain is a rapid though somewhat slender growing tree in the nursery, making very upright shoots, and attaining, when of full size, the prim appearance of a Lombardy poplar. It is not an early bearer, the trees showing but little disposition to form flower buds until they have arrived at a good size : it then produces abundantly. It does not grow very freely upon the quince. On the thorn, however, it thrives exceedingly well, and Mr. A. Lackey, a fruit cultivator of Mai'ble- head, Mass., has shown, successively, for four or five years, at the exhibitions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, the most beauti- ful specimens raised on that stock, and our drawing is made from one of his pears. Whether it will be any object to cultivate it on the thorn remains to be seen ; we only mention it to show what it has already done. [40] SAINT GHISLAIN PEAR. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, veiy erect in its growth, forming a reg- ular and handsome pjTamid ; annual shoots, long, straight, and rather slender. "W^ooD. — Light ohve brown, dotted with minute grayish specks, rather slender; old wood, gi'ayish olive; buds, medium size, long, nearly erect, with moderately sized shoulders: Flower-buds, medium size, ovate, pointed. Lea^^es. — Small, naiTOw, ovate, thin, dark gi-een, httle recurved on the midrib, folded inwards on the sides, and finely and shai-ply serrated ; petioles, long, one to one and a half inches in length, slender. Flowees. — Medium size ; petals cupped. Fkuit. — Medium size, about two and a half inches long, and two inches in diameter : Form, pyramidal, lai'gest at the crown, regularly tapering into the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, pale yellow when mature, tinc^ed with bright red in the sun, the whole surface covered with rus- sety specks, darkest and thickest where exposed : Stem, long, about one and a half inches in length, slender, smooth, curved, fleshy, and wrinkled at its junction with the fruit, and forced into an obhque direc- tion by a slight protuberance on one side : Eye, small, open, and rather deeply set in a round basin ; segments of the calyx, long and pointed : Flesh, yellowish white, fine, buttery, melting, and juicy: Flavor, rich, sprightly, and refreshing, with a dehcious perfume : Core, small : Seeds. medium size, roundish, hght brown. Ripe the middle of September and keeps into October. [46] TBI. M'^ LATTGHLITf PL1L¥. fi-uiCs ciFAmtrrra fl^le N" Diawf. fr(im Nature 8 CAi'onio Iith"^ by 'A'. :')ti;ii7i_ THE McLaughlin plum. McLaughlin, Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xvi. p. 456. Among all the numerous varieties of plums that have been produced by American cultivators, the McLaughlin must claim the most prominent place. It is not as large as the Washington, or as beautiful as the Jefferson, but in its rich and luscious flavor it surpasses either of them, and comes nearer to that standard of excellence among plums, — the Green Gage, — than any other variety ; in the opinion of many, being quite equal to it, and in some respects a more valuable one for general cultivation. The Green Gage is at the best but an indifferent growing tree, very irregular in its habit, hardly, indeed, more than a shrub, and on this account is objected to by many who hke fine standard trees. The McLaughlin is as vigorous as the Washington ; the fruit is larger than the Green Gage, and it does not appear to be so likely to crack, in unfavorable seasons, as that old variety. The McLaughlin was raised from seed by Mr. James McLaughlin, of Bangor, Me., and first fruited about ten years ago. Specimens of the fruit were first sent to us in 1846, and through the kindness of Mr, McLaughlin, we were favored with a few of the scions from the original tree ; these we grafted into vigorous stocks, and in a year or two had the pleasure of seeing the fruit. We found it quite equal to that sent us by Mr. McLaughlin, and it has continued to sustain the highest rank among the numerous sorts that have been introduced from abroad, or have been raised by our cultivators at home. Specimens of the fruit have been repeatedly exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, by B. F. Nourse, Esq., of Bangor, both from his own and Mr. McLaughlin's trees, and they have invariably proved excellent. From what variety the McLaughlin originated we have no knowledge, nor are we aware that Mr. McLaughlin himself can tell. The tree appears too vigorous to have been raised from the Green Gage, and we should judge from the character of the wood, &c., that it might have sprung from the Washington or Imperial Gage, accidentally fertilized with the Green Gage, from which parent it probably derived its luscious quahties. The McLaughlin is a very vigorous growing tree, quite equal in this respect to the Washington, often making annual shoots six feet in length ; when full grown it forms a round, spreading, regular apple-tree [47] McLaughlin plum. shaped head. Notwithstanding its vigor it comes into hearing mod- erately early, and is a remarkably productive variety. Xkee. — ^Vigorous, npright, forming a fine rounded head; annual shoots, stout, strong, and nearly erect. Wood. — Dark brownish violet, partially covered with a grayish epi- dermis, smooth, stout, and very short-jointed ; old wood, grayish brown ; buds, large, long, tapering regularly to the point, erect, with remarkably prominent shoulders. Leaves.— Large, roundish-ovate, dull dark green above, pale be- neath, broadest in the middle, shortly pointed, strongly nerved, and obtusely serrated; petioles, short, about half an inch long, stout, reddish. Flowers. — Medium size ; stamens and style nearly equal in length. fj^uiT. — Large, about one and three-quarters inches broad, and one and five-eighths long : Form, roundish, regular, similar to the Green Gage, but depressed at each end, rather more broad than long; suture, shallow, with an indented apex : Skin, fair, green, becoming yellowish when ripe, mottled and dotted with brownish red and crimson around the base, and covered with a thin whitish bloom : Stem, short, about half an inch long, stout, and inserted in a very small cavity, without depression : Flesh, yellow, thick, very melting, and adhering to the stone : Juice, abundant, rich, sugary, and perfectly luscious : Stone, small, roundish ovate, obtusely pointed, nearly smooth. Ripe the last of August and beginning of'September. [481 # Frtrilr. 'jf Amerce a. :^iiT: cuuLiuGEo pyuruT^iTt; peach Li'cawn rroniNalur-e 6- CFi^'omo IvJa'^ by Vr Shar;. THE COOLIDGE'S FAVORITE PEACH. Coolidge's Favorite. Kenrick's American Orclmrdist, 1st Ed. One of the oldest, if not the best, of our numerous American seedhng peaches is the Coohdge's Favorite. It has long been in cultivation around Boston, in the neighborhood of which city it originated ; and more recently it has found its way into all parts of the country, proving, wherever grown, one of the richest of its class, quite equal to the Grosse Mignonne, — to which it appears allied, — the acknowledged standard of European peaches. In general appearance it resembles the latter variety; but it is scarcely so dark and richly colored, and is rather more depressed in form; it also ripens a few days sooner. This superior peach was raised by the late Mr. Joshua Coohdge, of Watertown, Mass., upwards of thirty years ago, though we cannot ascertain the exact period. Mr. W. Kenrick first described it in his work, above quoted, and also disseminated it extensively from his nursery, at Newton. No collection of any extent, in New England, is consid- ered complete without it; it is a hardy and vigorous tree, a most extraordinary bearer, and the fruit, which is remai'kably beautiful, possesses a rich, vinous, and refreshing flavor, not surpassed by any other peach. Coolidge's Favorite is an early variety, ripening usually about the twenty-fifth of August, or between that and September first, just after the Early Anne and Early York, and a few days before the Early Crawford. It also possesses the good quality of forcing well, and is, in conse- quence, admirably adapted for peach houses, or for forcing in pots, for which purpose it is exceedingly popular. As a market frait, it always commands a ready sale, and if fine specimens, a high price. Leaves. — Medium size, crenate, with globose glands. Flowers. — Small, pale red. Fruit. — Medium size, about two and a half inches broad, and two and a quarter deep : Form, roundish, with a shallow suture extending to the apex, one side a little larger than the other ; cavity at the base small and deep : Skin, very fair, pale yellowish white in the shade, with a brilliant coloring of deep red in the sun, somewhat marbled, with minute crimson dots extending to the shady side : Flesh, yel- [49] COOLIDGE'S FAVORITE PEACH lowish white, veiy melting, and slightly rayed with red at the stone, from which it separates freely : Juice, abundant, rich, sweet and high flavored : Stone, small, ovate, and slightly frurowed. PiiPE the last of August and beginning of September. [50] TSE BHANDYWINE PEAR Trurts uF Am er tea, Plate K^ Drawn From JiatuFe S Ckromo IctR''" BfW" Sharp THE BRANDYWINE PEAR. Beandy^vine. Horticulturist, vol. iii. 1848. The Brandywine is one of the most recently introduced of our American pears, and was first brought to the notice of Pomologists by Dr. Brinckle, of Philadelphia. Specimens of the fruit received from him were first exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1848, which attracted much attention, and were thought re- markably fine. In 1853, we had the gratification of presenting the fruit from our own collection, which was pronounced, by all who tried it, fully equal to any pear of its season. The quahties of the Brandywine are pecuharly its own, and cannot well be compared with any other variety: its flesh is shghtly firm, yet perfectly melting ; and its flavor, without being highly aromatized, appears to be a concentration of that of several sorts, being almost as sugary as the Seckel, yet reheved by the refreshing juice of the Marie Louise, and the "champagne" smack of the Beurre dAremberg. The Brand}^ine is a native of Chaddsford, Delaware County, Penn- sylvania. The original tree was found near a fence on the farm of the late Eli Harvey, and was transplanted into the garden of Mr. Geo. Brinton, of that place. The garden is on the banks of the Brandy- wine River, and is a part of the grounds occupied by the American army, who defended our country in the battle of Brandywine. It was, therefore, very appropriately named the Brandywine Pear. The original tree began to bear fruit as long ago as 1820, but in 1835 it blew down near the surface of the ground. The present tree is a sucker from the original, and began to bear again in 1844. This fact accounts for its not sooner having become known to cultivators. Previous to 1835, when the old tree blew down, very little interest was felt in regard to our native pears ; now, however, that interest is universal, and no sooner had the young tree, which sprang from the ruins of the old one, come into bearing, than its merits were made known to cultivators. The tree is a vigorous grower, with a handsome pyramidal habit, approaching to the Bufi'um, though with much more slender wood. It seems to come into bearing rather early. Whether it will succeed on the quince remains yet to be tested. Thee.— Moderately vigorous, and veiy erect in its growth, forming a rather compact pyramidal head ; annual shoots rather slender, medium length. ^ [51] BRANDY WINE PEAR. Wood. — Light olive, dotted with round grayish specks, rather slender and very short-jointed ; old wood, grayish olive ; buds, medium size, ovate, diverging : Flower-buds, medium size. Leaves. — Small, long ovate, narrow, tapering to a long point, smooth, dark green, glossy, much waved, recurved a little on the midrib, and sliohtly serrated ; petioles, long, about one and a half inches in length. Flowers. — Small ; petals round, cupped ; clusters compact. Fruit. — Medium size, about two inches and three quarters long, and two and a half in diameter : Form, pyramidal, or somewhat bell- shaped, slightly irregular, full at the crown, which is little oblique, and rather suddenly contracted near the stem, occasionally with an elongated neck : Skin, slightly rough, yellowish green in the shade, russeted around the crown, boldly tinged with bright red in the sun, and thickly covered with large russety specks : Stem, rather long, about one and a half inches in length, moderately stout, shghtly cmwed, and generally obliquely attached, without any cavity, by a somewhat fleshy and wrinkled base : Eye, large, open, and but little depressed in a small, roundish, furrowed basin ; segments of the calyx, short, stiff, entire, projecting : Flesh, yellowish white, coarse, melting and very juicy : Flavor, rich, brisk, vinous and delicious, with a fine aroma : Core, medium size : Seeds, small, dark brown. Ripe the last of August, and in eating some time. [62 J THE HEMTEL PEATl ItixtIs oFAmeriea, Plate N° Drawn from JTature & Ck'omo liih.^ljVf.SkhTp THE HENKEL PEAR. Henkel. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xiii. 1847. The Henkel is another of the fine pears introduced as long ago as 1835 or 1836, by Messrs. Kenrick and Manning, who received scions of it, with other sorts, from Dr. Van Mons, of which we have already made mention in our first volume ; and it appears to be wholly confined to American collections. True, there is a Henkel d'hiver, in the French and Belgian cata- logues, of recent date ; but as that is a winter pear, it cannot be referred to our Henkel. It may, how- ever, come up hereafter under a new name ; for all the fine seedlings remaining in Van Mons's nursery, at his death, are being introduced as rapidly as they show their fruit. The Henkel is also another of the new pears which has rapidly improved upon acquaintance and under good cultivation. Mr. Man- ning, the younger, first sent us specimens of it from his extensive collection, in 1846, from which we gave an engraving as above quoted; the same outline we now introduce on the next page, as it gives the true shape of this variety ; but our colored plate is an exact represen- tation of the size, form and beauty of one of a number of specimens produced on our own trees in 1853 ; being, indeed, a very showy pear, and as remarkable for its excellence as for its other qualities, comparing favorably with any vaiiety of its season. Of its origin we have no other information than that it was sent here by Dr. Van Mons, and is, undoubtedly, one of his numerous seedlings. Although the scions were received in 1835 or 1836, it probably did not fruit dming the life-time of the late Mr. Manning, as it was never men- tioned by him among more than four hundred pears, which he, from time to time, described in the Magazine of Horticulture. It is rather late in coming into bearing, and this accounts for the long period which elapsed before it was brought to the notice of cultivators. The tree is a vigorous grower, with a very erect or fastigiate habit, similar to the Buflfum, and with a very marked pecuharity of fohage and growth. We have had no experience with it upon the quince, and can- not say whether it is one of the sorts which will succeed on that stock or not. Tree. — Vigorous, with a very erect pyramidal habit, making stout, straight, annual shoots. [63] HENKEL PEAR. Wood. — Clear olive, dotted with large grayish specks, rather long- jointed, stout ; old wood, grayish olive ; buds, large, ovate, pointed, nearly erect, with prominent shoulders : Flower-buds, medium size. Leaves, — Medium size, oblong ovate, narrowing to each end, thin, dark green, slightly recurved on the mid-rib, folded inwards on the sides and shghtly and obtusely serrated ; petioles very long, from two to two and a half inches in length, stout. Flo WEES. — Medium size ; petals roundish, cupped. Feuit. — Large, about three inches long, and three and a quarter in diameter: Form, obovate, slightly uneven on the surface, broad at the crown, and obtuse at the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, lemon yellow, more or less covered with small patches of russet, interspersed with dull green specks and dotted with russet : Stem, very long, about two inches in length, stout, usually having two bud-like prominences on each side, curved, and slightly inserted in a small contracted cavity : Eye, medium size, open, and slightly sunk in a very shallow, uneven basin ; segments of the calyx short and round : Flesh, yellowish white, rather coarse, melting, and exceedingly juicy : Flavor, rich, sprightly, vinous, perfumed and dehcious : Core, medium size : Seeds, large, broad and deep brown. Ripe in September, and keeps two or three weeks. [54] THE TPJUMPHLE JOBOIGSE PI^AP. Prints of America, Plate N" Bvawn from. iMatm'e & [/firoiiio UlFi''' I'l' 1^ 'i'liav|j THE TRIUMPH DE JODOIGNE PEAR. Tkiumph de Jodoigne. Bon Jardinier, 1848. The Triumph de Jodoigne is a new and com- paratively very little known pear. It fruited here, we believe, for the first time, in our collection, in 1848. Its introduction was preceded by a high reputation, and we think we may say its qualities have not disappointed the expectations of cultivators. It is as large as the Beurre Biel, which it somewhat resembles in shape, but it is ripe and nearly gone before that sort is mature. It is a very handsome and showy fruit, having a fine, ruddy crimson cheek, blotched, and very conspicuously dotted with russet. The Bon Jardinier, in which we find the earliest account of this pear, states that it was raised by the late M. Bouvier, a well-known amateur pomologist, who resided at Jodoigne, in Belgium, and who has originated several fine varieties. It was first offered for sale in the French nur- series, in 1844 or 1845, at which time we received our trees from M. Jamin, of Paris. The Triumph de Jodoigne is a very vigorous growing tree, in this respect approaching to the character of the BemTe Diel, as its fruit also resembles that pear. The fohage is broad, rich and glossy, and the fruit is produced in clusters of three or four each. It succeeds well upon the quince, and is one of the sorts which make a vigorous pyramid on that stock. It is rather late in coming into bearing on the pear. Teee. — ^Vigorous, with a somewhat spreading, irregular habit, and requiring careful pruning to form a symmetrical head; annual shoots very stout. Wood. — Brownish olive, thickly dotted with round grayish specks, very strong, stout, and short-jointed ; old wood, grayish brown ; buds, large, broad, rather short, pointed, shghtly diverging, with prominent shoulders : Flower-buds, large. Lea\^s. — Lai'ge, broadly ovate, narrowing to each end, thick, very deep green, glossy, finely nerv^ed, wavy, and nearly entire on the edge ; petioles, medium length, about one inch long, stout, reddish. Flowees. — Large ; petals, large, ovate ; clusters, compact. [55] TRIUMPH DE JODOIGNE PEAR. Fruit. — Lai'ge, about four inches long, and three and a hah in diam- eter : Form, oblong obovate, little irregular, with a large swollen crown, contracted slightly in the middle, and obtuse at the stem : Skin, fair, slightly rough, dull greenish yellow, much russeted in spots and splashes, deeply tinged with bronzy red in the sun, and conspicuously dotted over with very large russety specks : Stem, medium length, about three inches long, moderately stout, curved, and obhquely inserted in a small, shallow cavity, highest on one side : Eye, medium size, open, and but little depressed in a small basin ; segments of the calyx, short, stiff: Flesh, yellowish white, coarse, melting, and juicy: Flavor, rich, sugary, sprightly, and agreeably perfumed : Core, medium size : Seeds, small, long, sharply-pointed, and dark. Ripe in November, and in eating two or three weeks. [56] <^ 4» THE JACQUES PEACH. Jniits oF ATn.eri;ca,Ptate fr° Drawn from Mature & Cliromo Tttfi'^ W W. Sfiarp THE JACQUES PEACH. Jacques. American Orchardist. Jacques' Yellow Rareripe, Anwrican OrcJiardist, 1st Ed. Jacques' Rareripe, Piince' s Pomological Maniud. The Jacques is a well known and extensively cultivated variety in the vicinity of Boston, and throughout Massachusetts. Previous to the introduction of the Early Crawford, it was considered the largest and finest yellow peach. It still holds a high place in the estimation of peach growers, producing as it does, under good treatment, beautiful specimens ten to twelve inches in circumference. Mr. Prince states in his Pomological Manual, that specimens have been raised weighing six- teen to seventeen ounces each. Its origin or introduction is attributed to Col. Jacques, of Somerville, Mass., though we have no authentic information on this point. It was first described by Mr. Kenrick, under the name of Jacques' Yellow Rareripe ; but in the subsequent edition of his work, he called it simply the Jacques, a preferable name, and the one under which it is now cultivated. The Jacques is, as we have said, a very large peach, — as large, or larger, than the Crawford ; it is also very handsome, with a deep yellow skin, and a brightly tinted red cheek, with only a moderately downy surface. Its juice is very abundant, rich and deHcious. The tree is a good grower, with moderately stout reddish shoots, and a rather spreading habit. It appears unusually hardy, and produces fine crops. It ripens a week or so after the Early Crawford. Leaves. — Medium size, crenate, with reniform glands. Flowees. — Small, pale red. Fruit. — Large, from three to four inches broad, and three to three and a half inches deep : Form, roundish, with a shallow suture ending in a depression at the summit, one side shghtly larger than the other ; cavity at the base broad but not very deep : Skin, yellow, streaked and mottled with red in the shade, and of a lively red in the sun : Flesh, deep yellow, melting, and rayed with red at the stone, from which it parts freely : Juice, tolerably abundant, sweet, sprightly and excellent : Stone, medium size, ovate, not very rugged. Ripe about the middle of September. [57] -.T** THE CUTTERS YELLOW PEACE, frmti"' of Amerrca Plate K' Drawn Froiu Katxrre S Cfiromo [ctli^'brW, SKarp THE CUTTER'S YELLOW PEACH. Gutter's Yellow. Yellow Red Rareripe, Kenrick's American Orchardist. Red and Yellow Rareripe, Manning's Book of Fruits. The origin of several of our native peaches is involved in so much uncertainty, that we have thought it an almost useless task to ascertain when and by whom they have been produced. The present variety is one of those whose origin is unknown, or at least one in regard to which we have been unable to obtain any information. This peach has been cultivated for several years in the neighborhood of Boston, and was first introduced to notice by Mr. W. Kenrick, of Newton, Mass., under the name of the Yellow Red Rareripe, and de- scribed by him in his American Orchardist. Subsequently, Mr. R. Manning, in his Book of Fruits, called it the Red and Yellow Rareripe. But some twelve years ago we obtained trees of Mr. Kenrick, for our specimen collection, under the name of Cutter's Yellow, which subse- quently proved to be identical with the Red and Yellow Rareripe. ' Since then, the trees have been disseminated so extensively under the former name, that we have thought it best to retain it here. It is the one under which it is most widely known at the present time ; besides, its former title of " rareripe" is misapplied, that name being generally given to the white-fleshed peaches. We object to the multiplication of syno- nyms ; but in the present instance, and under the circumstances we have named, we beheve the briefer as well as more expressive name of Cutter's Yellow, is preferable to the " Yellow Red Rareripe," of Ken- rick, which should claim priority if any, or the Red and Yellow Rare- ripe of Manning. The Cutter's Yellow is one of the hardiest as well as one of the best peaches ; and its very large and beautiful fruit, almost purple on the sunny side, render it one of the most desirable of the yellow-fleshed peaches. It ripens at the middle season between the Early and Late Crawford. The tree is a vigorous grower, with an upright habit, making stout shoots, of a pretty deep red color. It is a very great bearer. Leaves. — ^Large, crenate, with reniform glands. Flowees. — Small, dark. Fruit. — Large, about three inches broad, and three inches deep: Form, roundish, compressed on the sides, one half much larger than [59] CUTTER'S YELLOW PEACH. the other, with a very shallow suture quite round, ending in a hollow depression at the summit; cavity at the base, narrow and deep : Skin, deep orange yellow, suffused with red in the shade, broadly covered with dark crimson vermiHon in the sun, and very downy on the surface : Flesh, deep yellow, very melting, rayed with red at the stone, from which it separates freely : Juice, very plentiful, rich, sweet, sprightly, and luscious : Stone, medium size, deeply furrowed. Ripe from the middle to the last of September. [60] THE SSELDON PEAR Fruits of Amerrca PEate 1^° Drawn. Prom Ifature & CfLroTrio liih'^ Toy W. Sharp. THE SHELDON PEAR. Sheldon. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xvii. 1851. Among all the American pears that have been introduced to notice, during the last twenty years, few, if any, will take a higher rank than the Sheldon. It possesses all the characteristics of a fine variety ; the fruit is of large size, frequently weighing nearly a pound each, and is prepossessing in its appearance, having a handsome russety skin, with a ruddy cheek : its flesh is exceedingly melting and juicy, and its fla- vor rich, highly aromatized, and luscious : the tree is- a vigorous gTower, with an erect and symmetrical habit, and produces regular and abundant crops. Al- together it, must be considered one of the very finest of our native pears. The Sheldon was first brought to the notice of cultivators by Mr. E. L. Leavenworth, of AVolcott, Wayne Co., N. Y., who first exhibited specimens of the fruit at the Pomological Convention in Buffalo, in 1849 ; and to that gentleman the pubhc are indebted for a full history of its origin, which appeared in the Magazine of Horticulture, the sub- stance of which is as follows : — Major Sheldon's father brought pear seeds from Washington, Dutch- ess Co., New York, between thirty and forty years since, and planted them on the place where Maj. Sheldon now lives, in the town of Huron, (then Wolcott), N. Y. ; from these seeds the trees were raised which bear the pears known as the Sheldon. The seeds brought from Dutch- ess County were from pears which grew on a grafted tree, (name not known,) but were introduced there by an Englishman of the name of Johnson, and Maj. Sheldon thinks he brought them with him from England; but Norman Sheldon, an older brother, thinks they were procured in Boston. The trees, of which there are several, were in 1850, when Mr. Leavenworth sent us this statement, of large size, and bore several bushels of fruit. Through the kindness of Mr. Leaven- worth, we obtained scions from the original tree, and our beautiful draw- ing is made from specimens the produce of these scions, inserted in 1851. The Sheldon is a moderately vigorous tree, with an erect habit, branching rather symmetrically, somewhat resembling the White Doy- enne. It bears freely on trees not more than four or fi.ve years old. We beheve it does not succeed well upon the quince, though there has not been sujQ&cient time to give it a trial. [61] SHELDON PEAR. Teee. — Vigorous, upright, erect, symmetrical in shape, with regular diverging branches ; annual growth rather slender, and nearly straight. Wood. — Yellowish, dotted with small whitish specks, short-jointed, rather slender; old wood, yellowish olive; buds, medium size, ovate, regularly pointed, shghtly diverging, with prominent shoulders : Flower- buds, medium size, long, sharply pointed. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate, long, narrow, tapering to each end, thin, light yellowish green, glossy, nearly flat, slightly recurved on the midrib, somewhat wavy, and finely and sharply serrated; petioles, long, one and a half to two inches in length, moderately stout. . Flowees. — Small; petals, small, roundish, cupped; clusters compact. Feuit. — Large, about three inches long, and three inches in diam- eter: Form, roundish obovate, regular, full at the crown, tapering little to the stem end, which is very obtuse : Skin, fair, nearly smooth, of a pale greenish russet, becoming yellowish when mature, bronzy red on the sunny side, and regularly dotted with small dark russet specks : Stem, short, about half an inch long, stout, curved,' and inserted, with scarcely any depression, on the obtuse end: Eye, medium size, open, and moderately sunk in a smooth, round, not very deep basin ; segments of the calyx, broad, short, projecting: Flesh, yellowish, rather coarse, melting, and very juicy : Flavor, exceedingly rich, sprightly, and sugary, with a delicious aroma : Core, rather large : Seeds, medium size, flat, dark. KiPE in October, and keeps three or four weeks. [C2] TZE ^/ia;^[omet apple Finnts of Amei'tca, Plate K^ Dra,wa froni Jatirre & CFiromo titk'' 5y lA'^Sfiarp. THE MANOMET APPLE. Manomet. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xiv. 1848. Horseblock, in its native locality. The Manomet is one of the finest of our early sweet apples. It is not so large as the Bough, but far sur- passes it in the beauty of its appearance ; indeed, in the latter respect it may be classed with the Red Astra- chan, — which ripens at the same season, — or the Fa- meuse, as a comparison with the beautiful drawings of these varieties, which have already appeared, will show. It is only of medium size ; but it has a pale yellowish skin, nearly covered with pale red, heightened by a bright vermilion cheek. The Manomet is a native of the Old Colony, and was first introduced to notice by Mr. John Washburn, a zealous cultivator of Plymouth, Mass., who first sent us fine specimens in 1847, and also subsequently, from -one of which our drawing was made. We were surprised and dehghted to find it such a superior apple, and immediately described and figured it in the Magazine of Horticulture for 1848. Through the kindness of Mr. Washburn, we were furnished with its history, which* though brief, we gave at that time. It is a seedling, which sprang up accidentally on the Holbrook farm, at Manomet Pond village in Plym- outh, and was for a long time known as the Horseblock apple. Mr. Washburn proposed to call it the Manomet, " as Manomet Point is the prominent head of land of Plymouth Bay." With his suggestion we readily concurred, believing that such an absurd and unmeaning title as Horseblock, should never be applied to any fruit, especially to one of such excellence as the present variety. The original tree has been in bearing many years, and it is certainly somewhat remarkable that it should not have attracted attention at an earlier period. Its history, however, is the same as that of a majority of our native fruits, which have accidentally fallen into the hands of amateurs who could appreciate their excellence, and aid in making known their superior qualities. . The Manomet is a very robust grower, stronger, Mr, Washburn thinks, than even the Baldwin. It has a spreading habit when full grown, with wood somewhat hke the Gravenstein, and is a good beai-er every other year. Mr. Washbm-n also states that it will make a tree in the nursery sooner than any other apple he has ever cultivated. [63] MANOMET APPLE. WTqod, — Dark reddish chestnut, dotted with a very few small whitish specks, moderately stout, short-jointed, and sHghtly downy ; old wood, brownish red ; buds, large, broad, slightly flattened, Httle downy, and erect : Flower-buds, medium size. Leaves. — ^Large, roundish ovate, broadest about the middle, rounding off to the point, thick, dark green above, shghtly pubescent beneath, conspicuously veined, and deeply, coarsely and sharply serrated ; peti- oles, medium length, about three quarters of an inch long, stout. Flowees. — Medium size ; petals, cupped. Feuit. — Medium size, about three inches broad, and two and a half deep : Form, roundish, regular, flattened at the base, narrowing slightly to the crown : Skin, very fair, smooth, lemon yellow, covered with a brilliant vermilion red on the sunny side, little traced with russet at the base of the stem, and dotted with russet specks : Stem, short, about half an inch long, slender, straight, and inserted in a rather small, shal- low cavity : Eye, large, closed, and slightly depressed in a small, finely furrowed, shallow basin ; segments of the calyx, long : Flesh, yellow, crisp, and tender : Juice, abundant, very sweet, rich, and finely flavored: Core, closed : Seeds, medium size. Ripe in August and the early part of September. [64J THE PEAR D' ALB RET. Frmts oF -AniBrtca, Plate K? Dcciwii from. Nature G G'&ronio Iitri of some Foreign Collections. Beurre' Gris Superieure, j Beurre' de Fontenay, according to London Hort. Soc. Catalogue, 4th Ed. The Beurre Gris d'Hiver is a very fine addition to our limited number of winter pears. Nearly or quite as large as the Glout Morceau, ripening about the same period, and possessing a peculiarly rich Berga- mot aroma, unlike any other variety of its season, it must claim a prominent place in every choice col- lection of pears. The origin of the Beurre Gris d'Hiver, like that of ^nt^ several of the best foreign pears, is unknown. Ac- „a=wL^.__-^. cording to Bivort, it is a French variety, first culti- vated in Belgium about a dozen years ago. English pomologists do not appear to be acquainted with it. Kenrick, in his American Orcliard- ist, briefly notices it on the authority of M. Jamin of Paris ; but the only full account of it we can find is that by Bivort in the Album de Pomologie above quoted. We have had it in our collection upwards of ten years, though the tree only recently came into bearing. It is generally known as the Beurre Gris d'Hiver nouveau. Under this name we described and figured it in the Magazine of Horticulture, (vol. xx. p. 144,) with the remark, that we doubted the propriety of the addition of the word nouveau. Since then we have examined the Album of Bivort, and adopt the briefer and equally correct one of Beurre Gris d'Hiver, there being no other variety of that name. In the general habit of the tree, in the wood and foliage, as well as the color of the fruit, it greatly resembles the old Brown Beurre, (Beurre Gris,) from which similarity, we presume, it derived its name ; but the fruit is more obtuse at the stem. It has the same irregular and spreading mode of growth, and like that old variety requires good cultivation to produce fine specimens. In a cold heavy soil the tree does not flourish well, but in a warm light one it grows freely, and bears heavy crops. Even in Belgium, Bivort recommends that it should have a favorable position. It does not succeed long upon the quince, and the pear stock is preferable for this variety, [81 J BEURRE' ORIS D'HIVER PEAR. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, somewhat spreading and irregular in habit, forming a loose, open head ; annual shoots not very stout, curved. Wood. — Dark reddish brown, dotted with grayish specks, moderately stout, and short-jointed; old wood, grayish brown; buds, medium size, flattened, short, slightly diverging, with rather prominent shoulders : Flower-buds, medium size, oval, brownish, with large gray scales. Leaves. — Large, oblong ovate, thick, narrowing to each end, yellow- ish green, thickly nerved, folded inwards, and very slightly and coarsely serrated; petioles, medium length, one to one and a half inches long, stout. Flowers. — Small; petals roundish, cupped; clusters, compact. Fruit. — Large, about three inches long, and three in diameter : Form, obovate, slightly one sided, tolerably full at the crown, tapering little to the stem end, which is very obtuse : Skin, slightly rough, dull yellow, nearly or quite covered with a rather dark cinnamon russet, bronzed on the sunny side, and dotted with dark specks : Stem, short, about half an inch long, rather stout, curved, fleshy at the base, and obliquely inserted, without much of a cavity, with a projection on one side : Eye, small, open, and shghtly depressed in a small, smooth basin ; segments of the calyx, short, rounded: Flesh, yellowish white, coarse, melting, and very juicy: Flavor, rich, saccharine, sprightly, and highly aromatized : Core, large, slightly gritty : Seeds, medium size, dark brown. Ripe in December, and keeps till February. [82] 0t THE GOLMAH D AHEMBEHG TEAR. IruTts of Amercca, Plate F° Drawn from latiii-e & Ciromo IrtEf lYW.Sl:ivp. THE COLMAR D'AREMBERG PEAR. CoLMAR d'Arembeeg. Magazine of Horticulture, vol xiv. p. 110. Kartoffel, Alburn de Pomologie, vol. i. The Colmar dAremberg is one of the few pears whose reputation does not seem to be fully established. Its character appears to be variable ; sometimes excel- lent, and again of only medium quality; and more experience is wanting to test its real merits. So far, however, as Ave have had an opportunity of seeing it under various conditions of soil, locality and exposure, we consider it a variety well worthy of cultivation. It is of the largest size, nearly equal to the Duchess of Angouleme, often weighing eighteen or twenty ounces, and when well groAvn, and properly ripened, so nearly approaches a Passe Colmar, that we have known good judges to mistake it for that fine pear. The origin of the Colmar dAremberg is attributed to Van Mons. M. Bivort, who figures it in his Album under the name of Kartoffel, remarks that his information in regard to the variety was commimi- cated by M. Millot of Nancy, who states that it originally came from Van Mons without name, marked No. 224, which corresponds, in his printed Catalogue of 1825, to the Kartoffel birne : hence, he observes, it has been called one of his seedlings, notwithstanding its name indi- cates a German origin. It was introduced to our American Collections in 1845, and first fruited, we believe, in 1847. The Colmar dAremberg is a distinct growing tree : very erect and upright in its habit, making but few lateral shoots, and those very strong and vigorous; the whole being studded with numerous short stocky spurs. It succeeds very well upon the quince, requiring good cultiva- tion to produce large specimens. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, upright and erect in habit, branching off at an acute angle : annual shoots, very stout, downy at the ends. Wood. — Yellowish brown, dotted with numerous small roundish rus- set specks, stout, and short-jointed ; old wood, grayish olive ; buds, small, short, flattened, little diverging : Flower-buds, medium size, ovate, angular, pointed, dark shining brown, little shaded with gray. Leaves. — Large, narrow oval, tapering to the point, thick, deep glossy green, flat, coarsely and deeply serrated; petioles, medium length, about one and a quarter inches long, stout. Flowers. — Small ; petals small, roundish ovate, cupped ; clusters, compact. [83J COL MAR D'AKEMBEKG PEAR, Fruit.— ^ Very large, about four and a half inches long, and three and a half in diameter: Form, obtusely pyramidal, with an uneven surface, largest about the middle, rounding off to the crown, and taper- in »• to the stem, near which it is little contracted on one side : Skin, fair, sliglitly rough, pale green, becoming yellowish when mature, traced and netted with russet around the crown and stem, and thickly covered with conspicuous, reddish russet specks: Stem, medium length, about an inch long, stout, shghtly swollen at the base, and obliquely inserted in a slight cavity, with a high projection on one side : Eye, medium size, open, and very deeply sunk in a large funnel-shaped, somewhat angular basin ; segments of the calyx very short, and rounded : Flesh, yellowish white, fine, melting, half buttery, and juicy: Flavor, rich, sugary, per- fumed, and excellent : Core, large : Seeds, large, broad, dark brown. Ripe in November and December. 84] :«». THE WHITE B EtiuIs oF Amerce aPlate T! PEAR iritvia tidih Ifature 3, Cliroiuo Xith'^By- WSIiarp. THE WHITE DOYENNE' PEAR. White Doyenne'. Pomologlcal Magazine, vol. ii. pi. 60. St. Michael, of Boston. A'lUGALiEU, of New York. Butter Pear, of Philadelphia. Doyenne' Blanc, of French authors White Beurre', Snow Pear, Poire de Limon, According to Cat. of Lon. Hort. Soc. Poire Niege, Poire de Seigneur, Bonne Ente, Beurre' Blanc, Pine Pear, A CouRTE Queue, Dean's, &c., &;c., According to Cat. of Lon. Hort. Soc. The White Doyenne is the Avorld-renowned pear, and one that has been— if it is not at the present time — more extensively cuUivated than any other. The proof of its popularity is the great number of names that have been given to it, both in Europe and this country. As the St. Michael, Virgalieu or Butter pear, it is familiar to all who know anything of a pear in the Eastern or Middle States. So strong are our early associations connected with it, that we form our opinion of every new pear by a comparison Avith this; nor were the older pomologists mistaken in their estimate of the White Doyenne; for it still is, when ripened in perfection, unrivalled by few, and surpassed by none, of more recent introduction. Unfortunately, the White Doyenne for a long time has failed to per- fect its fruit in many parts of the country, more particularly in New England, and its cultivation has been neglected for other and more cer- tain sorts ; but in New York and the W^estern States it still matures its superb fruit in abundance and perfection. Whether it will ever be restored to its original excellence in localities heretofore affected re- mains to be seen ; but luckily we have it in our means to obviate its defects in some degree ; after an experience of several years we have found it to produce the finest specimens upon the quince stock, when other trees upon the pear, growing side by side, have borne nothing but spotted, cracked, and worthless fruit. The White Doyenne is of French origin, and was one of the first good dessert pears brought to this country nearly a century ago. Un- der favorable conditions it groAvs freely, and produces immense crops. It prefers a rich, deep, Avarm soil, and if it can always have such a loca- tion it will rarely fail to mature the finest fruit. It flourishes admirably as a pyramid on the quince, and is one of the feAv sorts that make large vigorous trees on that stock. It bears at an early age, even upon the pear. [85] WHITE DOYENNE' TEAK. Tree. — Vigorous, with an upright regular habit, and erect branches, forming a fine pyramidal head ; annual shoots long, straight, erect. Wood. — Yellowish brown, dotted with roundish gray specks, moder- ately stout, and short-jointed ; old wood, yellowish ohve ; buds, small, short, ovate, diverging, with small shoulders : Flower-buds, medium size, dark brown, with grayish scales. Leaves. — Medium size, rather narrow, tapering to each end, Hght green, folded inwards, recurved on the midrib, with fine, regular serra- tures ; petioles, medium length, about an inch long, rather slender. Flowers. — Small ; petals ovate, neatly cupped ; clusters compact. Fruit. — Medium size, about three inches long, and two and three quarters in diameter : Form, obovate, regular, full at the crown, taper- ing to the stem, where it ends obtusely : Skin, fair, smooth, clear pale yellow when mature, tinged with a beautiful red on the sunny side, and regularly sprinkled with small russet specks : Stem, medium length, about three quarters of an inch long, moderately stout, curved, and in- serted in a very small rounded cavity : Eye, small, closed, and sunk in a very shallow, open basin ; segments of the calyx, small and short : Flesh, white, fine, melting, very buttery, and juicy : Flavor, rich, sug- ary, sprightly, delicately perfumed, and delicious : Core, medium size : Seeds, medium size. Ripe in October, and keeps three or four weeks. [86] * THE LADY SWEET APPLE. Prints op AmertRa, Plate ff° J)rawri [rom Katxtre & CJiromo LitM- Ir T/^r.Sfiarp. THE LADIES' SWEETING APPLE. Ladies Sweeting. Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. The Ladies' Sweeting has attracted unusual at- tention among orchai'dists and cultivators of fruit, and it has been pronounced by some as " far the finest" winter sweet apple yet produced. It is a very beautiful looking fruit, comparing, in this re- spect, with the Baldwin, and possesses the excel- lent quality of keeping into April and May, without the loss of juiciness and flavor, so general with most of our sweet apples. It has not the rich sweet of the Broadwell, which also keeps very late, but Avhat little it loses in this respect is made up in its showy appearance : nei- ther is it so vigorous a growing tree as the Tolman or Danvers Winter Sweet, and some others, but, taking its combined qualities, it must be considered a very valuable variety. The Ladies' Sweeting, according to Mr. Downing, originated in the vicinky of Newburg, N. Y., and for a long time previous to his account of it in the Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, had only a local reputa- tion, — confined to the banks of the Hudson. The ti'ees were first dis- seminated from the nurseries of Messrs. Downing, upwards of a dozen years ago, but owing to their moderate growth it is only within a year or two that they have come into bearing beyond their native locality ; consequently the fruit is yet too sparingly produced to find its way into the markets. It has been supposed by some cultivators that it would not succeed so well in our New England climate as in its native locality on the Hudson ; but that, like the Newtown Pippin and some other sorts, it would require a more genial climate and warmer soil. A short expe- rience, however, proves that it flourishes as well as the Baldwin. In the garden of the late Capt. Lovett of Beverly, who was one of the first to introduce it here, finer specimens have been raised than we have ever seen elsewhere, and our beautiful drawing is made from fruits received from his collection in 1854. We can safely commend it as suited to our New England orchards. The tree is a slow grower, making slender annual growths, and an open roundish head. It is late in coming into bearing, but ultimately produces abundant crops. [87] LADIES' SWEETING APPLE. Tree. — Moderately vigorous, upright, branching off at an open angle, making a roundish head ; annual growth short, downy at the ends. Wood. — Reddish chestnut, slender, and short-jointed ; old wood, brownish chestnut; buds, small, short, flattened, erect: Flower-buds, small, woolly. Leaves. — Small, ovate, broad at the base, narrowing to the point, thick, deep green, prominently and coarsely veined, downy beneath, sharply and deeply serrated, and slightly recurved on the midrib ; pe- tioles, short, about half an inch long, stout, downy. Flowers. — Small ; petals round, concave, of a rather dingy shade of white ; clusters, small. Fruit. — Large, about three and a half inches broad, and three inches deep : Form, roundish, regular, very shghtly ribbed, and nar- rowing very little to the crown : Skin, fair, smooth, with a greenish yel- low ground, broadly covered with light red, and rather faintly striped with crimson, deepest on the sunny side, and dotted with numerous yellowish specks : Stem, short, less than half an inch long, stout, and rather deeply inserted in a medium-sized, funnel-shaped cavity : Eye, rather large, open, and little sunk in a small ribbed basin ; segments of the calyx, woolly : Flesh, greenish white, fine, crisp and very tender : Juice, abundant, sweet, rich, and finely flavored: Core, large, open : Seeds, large, very long, and sharply pointed. Ripe in January, and keeps well into April and May. [88] THE BETJ'HTlE EEAITMOIJT PEAH. T'cKcts of Amexrca, Plate F° Uravn from feture & Oiiromo Iittft'C IjW.SJiaTj) THE BEURRE^ BEAUMONT PEAR. Beuere' Beaumont. Keurick's American Orchardist. Beurre' Le Fevre, ^ n T, T!r.TTr,,,r^ Af ? of some French Collections. iSEURRE' DE MoNTEFORTAINE, ) The Beurre Beaumont is a most excellent pear, and well deserves more attention than it has hitherto received. In its general character it approaches the Andrews, and, if it resembled it in form, might be readily mistaken for that vari- ety. Its flesh has the same butteiy textm-e, and g^ its juice much of its rich spicy aroma. But, be- yond this, there is no similarity in the two ; for, while the Andi'ews is a somewhat j^yramidal-shaped fruit, the Beaumont is a roundish one, and could never be mistaken for it. It matures at, the same season, keeps about the same length of time, and will not suffer by a comparison with that old, highly esteemed, and truly luscious but too much neglected pear. The Beurre Beaumont was introduced into our collections fifteen or twenty years ago, and first fruited at Salem, from whence we had fine specimens, which we described and figured in the 2Iagazine of Horticul- ture, (vol. xi. p. 331.) It has since been much disseminated under this name, but whether it is its legitimate one or not we ai'e unable to deter- mine. Two other pears, received by us from France as the Bern-re Le Fevre and Beurre Montefortaine, have proved synonymous with the Beurr^ Beaumont; but in the present confusion of names, and in the absence of accurate descriptions, it is difficult to decide which should have priority. The Beurre Le Fevre is a very old peai', raised in 1804; yet it appears to be wholly unkno"«Ti to English pomologists, and is only briefly described by a few French authors. With such information, therefore, as we have been able to find in regai'd to it, we have thought it best to adhere to the familiar name of Beurre Beaumont, under which it has been widely disseminated, and under which it will be eveiywhere recognized. The tree is a rather irregulai* grower, with diverging and often drooping branches, and is somewhat difficult to train into a good pyra- mid. It thrives exceedingly well on the quince, and may be set down as one of the sorts which may be generally cultivated on that stock. [89] BEURRE' BEAUMONT PEAR. Tree. — Moderately -vigorous, irregular and somewhat straggling in habit, with diverging or nearly horizontal branches; annual growth rather slender, curved. Wood. — Brownish olive, sparsely dotted with grayish specks, rather slender and short-jointed ; old wood, grayish olive ; buds, medium size, ovate, sharply pointed, very diverging, with small shoulders : Flower- buds, medium size, ovate, obtuse, light brown, with gray scales. Leaves. — Medium size, narrow ovate, broadest near the base, taper- ing to the point, deep green, wavy, and slightly and sharply serrated; petioles, about two inches long, slender. Flowers. — Medium size; petals, roundish oval, cupped; clusters, compact. Fruit. — Medium size, about two and a quarter inches long, and two and a quarter in diameter : Form, roundish obovate, largest in the mid- dle, full at the crown, and rounding off to the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, yellowish green in the shade, broadly marbled with brownish red in the sun, and thickly and regularly covered with dark green specks, assuming a ruddy color on the exposed side : Stem, short, about three quarters of an inch long, brown, inserted in a very shallow cavity, often contracted and swollen on the sides : Eye, medium size, closed, and moderately sunk in a round basin; segments of the calyx, medium length, pointed, stiff: Flesh, white, fine, buttery and juicy: Flavor, rich, sweet, per- fumed and excellent : Core, medium size : Seeds, large, dark brown. Ripe the middle of September, and keeps three or four weeks. [90 J TKE ADAMS PEAP. ftuits of Amercca.TlaleS" Iirawa froHiFahrre S- CTironio LrtlL'iC J-^r^'r Sfiai'p THE ADAMS PEAR. Adams. Magazine of Horticulture, vol. xx. 1854. The Adams is one of the recent additions to oirr increasing list of American pears, and may justly claim a prominent place among our best varieties. It ripens at an opportune season, just as the Bartlett is past its prime, and well supplies the place of that popular variety, resembhng it much in appearance, — surpassing it in beauty, — rivalling it in productiveness, — and ex- celling it in quality. If it equalled it in size, — a quality deemed so essential by many, — it would undoubtedly be considered the greatest of recent acquisitions. The Adams is a Massachusetts pear, and was raised in Waltham by Dr. H. Adams, a zealous amateur of that place. Through his kindness we were early supplied with the scions, and, after fruiting it in our col- lection, we gave a full account of it in the Magazine of Horticulture, accompanied with a brief history of its origin by Dr. Adams, in which he states that "it was produced in his garden, and was grown from a fruit of the Seckel which stood near a Bartlett. The seed was planted in the autumn of 1836, and first bore fruit in 1848. It is a vigorous tree, and an abundant and constant bearer, never having failed to per- fect a crop since it began to bear." We named it the Adams in honor of its originator. It is undoubtedly the result of an accidental cross of the Seckel with the Bartlett ; for the tree, in its growth and habit, resembles the Seckel, while the leaves and fruit resemble the Bartlett. The fruit also, in a degree, seems to combine the characteristics of the two ; being more brisk and sprightly than the Bartlett, with something of the flavor of the Seckel. We have fruited it now for four or five years, and do not hesitate to pronounce it one of our best pears. The tree is a vigorous grower, with an upright and nearly erect habit, making a rather compact and fine pyramidal head, even without the aid of the pruning-knife, somewhat resembling the Seckel. It does not appear to thrive very well upon the quince. It comes into bearing rather early. Tree. — Vigorous, upright, erect, and very symmetrical in habit, forming its branches regularly and at a rather acute angle ; annual growth moderately stout, straight, and of medium length. A D A 1\I s r I-: A R . Wood. — Dark reddish brown, thickly dotted with large, round, grayish specks, rather stout and short-jointed; old wood, grayish brown; buds, medium size, broad, short, curved inwards at the point, nearly erect, with prominent shoulders : Flower-buds, medium size, obtuse. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate, broadest about the middle, tapering to each end, recurved on the midrib, folded inwards on the sides, thick, dark green, deeply and sharply serrated; petioles, medium length, about one and a half inches long, moderately stout. Flowees. — Small ; petals small, ovate ; clusters, compact. Feuit. — Large, about three inches long, and two and a half in diam- eter : Form, pyramidal, full at the crown, contracted slightly in the middle, obtuse at the stem, with an uneven surface, something like the Bartlett: Skin, fair, smooth, deep yellow, tinged with red on the sunny side, dotted all over with russet specks, and slightly russeted at the base of the stem : Stem, short, about half an inch long, stout, wrinkled, fleshy at the base, and obliquely inserted without any cavity : Eye, small, closed, and set even with the crown, surrounded with a few small uneven ribs ; segments of the calyx, short : Flesh, white, fine, melting and very juicy : Flavor, rich, brisk, vinous, perfumed and excellent : Core, small : Seeds, medium size, brown. Bipe in September, and keeps into the middle of October. [92] % THE DOWMR, iDIIERHT. Irmts oF AmeTTca.Plalre 1° Drawn. ixoiu Ifature fi; diroino, LtUx^ By^-Siarp THE DOWNER CHERRY. Downer. Kenrick's American Orclmrdist. Downer's Late, Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. Downer's Late Red, Trans. Mass. Hort. Soc, vol. 1. Downer's Native Mazzard, JV. E. Farmer, vol. 8. Previous to 1830, all the good cherries m cultivation around Boston, or we might say in the country, with two or three exceptions, were foreign varieties, introduced from Europe, — the Black Tartarian, May Duke, and Black Heart being the most prominent. The American cherries were the Sparhawk's Honey and the Downer, the former at that time confined to a few collections, and the latter, principally or entirely to the garden of the originator. There may have been other native seedhngs, and undoubtedly there were some of tolerable merit, but these were the only two which attracted the attention of the earlier pomolo- gists. Indeed, at that time it was hardly supposed that a native variety could be equal to the imported sorts, and hence, if they existed, their good qualities were overlooked. It was so with the Downer, which was then designated as a mazzard, even by Mr. Downer, by whom it was raised. But the time had come when attention was directed to our own native fruits. Through the exertions of General Dearborn, R. Manning, and the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, which had then just organ- ized, and especially through the labors of Mr. Downer, they began to attract the notice of cultivators, and receive the credit to which their great merits entitled them. They v/ere then first brought prominently before the public at the exhibitions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, and were described and figured in the Neio England Farmer. The Andrews, Dix, Lewis, and Gushing pears, though raised many years previous, were then first disseminated among cultivators. It was thus shown conclusively from the best of evidence, — the fruits themselves, — that they were equally as meritorious as the best foreign productions. The cherry seems to have been more neglected than other fruits ; for, while we could enumerate many native apples, pears, and plums, there were only two or three cherries. Mr. Manning, whose discerning eye early discovered the excellent qualities of our native fruits, and saw in the Downer cherry the germ of what properly directed efforts would achieve, began the growth of seedlings, and, in a few years, succeeded in producing some very fine kinds. Dr. Kirtland, of Rockport, Ohio, also became very early interested in the improvement of this fruit, and his labors have undoubtedly added more to our stock of fine varieties than those of all other cultivators combined. He has raised upwards of [93] DOWNER CHERRY. thirty seedlings, several of which have no superior, and but few equals. Other pomologists have, later, turned their attention to the cherry, and we may now safely challenge the old world to produce a dozen as fine varieties as the new. The Downer originated in the garden of the late Samuel Downer, of Dorchester, Mass., and the original tree is still standing, a specimen of vigorous old age, in the garden of his son. It was raised nearly fifty years ago, and has never, we believe, failed to produce a larger or smaller crop since it began to bear, though the tree has been cleared of its young wood, time and time again, so popular has been this variety, and so liberally were the scions distributed by the owner. It was about the year 1830, that Mr. Downer first published a notice of this cherry, which he called his Native Mazzard. In the account which he then gave of it, he stated that it was " a constant and great bearer, and has not failed to yield abundantly each season for the last ten years ; tree does not run up like the mazzard, but is formed more lilve the May Duke ; ripens late, same time as common mazzard ; on this account it is more valuable: stands high with the marketman, and commands a good price. I planted the stone of the above men- . tioned tree twenty-two years ago. It has never been moved from the place where it originally sprung up." Tree. — Vigorous, upright, little spreading, with the branches diverg- ing at a broad angle ; annual shoots rather short, but moderately stout. Wood. — Clear light brown, shghtly covered with a thin, grayish epidermis, short-jointed, stout; old wood, pale brown; buds, medium size, ovate, diverging, with small shoulders. Leaves. — Medium size, oblong ovate, rather narrow, about four inches long and two inches wide, broadest in the middle, tapering to each end, sharply pointed, deep green, unequally and doubly serrated ; petioles, medium length, more than an inch long, with two ovate, dark red glands near the base of the leaf. Flowers. — Small ; petals roundish, cupped ; style and stamens about equal length. Fruit. — Medium size, about seven eighths of an inch broad, and three quarters of an inch long : Form, roundish heai't-shaped : Skin, clear light red, of a semi-transparent appearance, and beautifully mottled with amber in the shade : Stem, medium length, about one and a half inches long, rather slender, and inserted in a small shallow cavity: Flesh, dark amber colored, very tender and melting : Juice, plentiful, brisk, sweet, delicious, and high flavored : Stone, roundish oval. Ripe from the first to the middle of July. [94] ♦^ TH3 llimSTETi APPL"E acs cr ASiicnccL^h^e ¥° JJciWi'L Pf'oir Natnre &, CLroiaoIctM by- WlSSaTp THE MINISTER APPLE, MiNisTEE. Manning's Booh of Fruits. The Minister apple is far less extensively culti- vated than its merits deserve. In Essex County, Massachusetts, where it originated, it is considerably disseminated, and is esteemed, by all who know it, as one of the very best winter apples ; not certainly as the latest keeper, but in the tenderness of its flesh, in the abundance of its sprightly juice, and the delicacy of its flavor, unsurpassed in the months of December and January, when it is in its greatest perfection. It is also very prepossessing in its appeai'ance, as well as distinct in its form, having a delicate pale yellow and waxy-looking skin, beautifully and most distinctly striped with pale crimson; while its oblong conical form, similar to the Bellflower, and very peculiar formation about the stem, render it one of the most dis- tinct as well as one of the most easily recognized of all apples. The Minister originated on the farm of the late David Saunders, of Ipswich village, near Rowley, Mass., but at what period we have been unable to ascertain. It was first brought to notice by the late Dr. Spring, of Newburyport, who purchased the first fruit that was brought to market, and from this circumstance it was called the Minis- ter apple. It soon came under the notice of the late R. Manning, of Salem, who was always collecting whatever appeared new and promising, for his pomological garden, and through his exertions it was introduced to the notice of cultivators generally. Subsequently, the late Capt. Lovett, of Beverly, added it to his collection, which embraced all the finest apples ; he considered it a most valuable variety, and, for many successive years, exhibited superior specimens before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. We have remarked that it is not so extensively cultivated as many other apples, being confined chiefly to Massachusetts. Among all tlie varieties brought before the Ohio Pomological Convention at its seven sessions up to 1856, we do not find even its name mentioned, showing how little it is disseminated in the West. It has never yet found its way to the Boston market in any quantity. Possessed of so many good qualities this may appear surprising, and it shows how slowly even our best fruits acquire a general reputation, or become extensively known. The Minister is a fair growing tree, upright in habit, rather slender [93] MINISTER APPLE. while young, but forming, at mature age, a good round head. It comes into bearing moderately early, and produces abundant crops. Teee. — Moderately vigorous, upright in its growth, forming its Jbranches at an acute angle, with rather slender annual shoots; old trees making a good head. Wood. — Dark reddish chestnut, dotted with numerous grayish specks, rather slender and short-jointed; buds, small, ovate, short, flattened, with prominent shoulders ; old wood, grayish chestnut : Flower-buds, medium size. Leaves. — Medium size, ovate, narrowing to each end, sharply pointed, thick, bright green above, pale and slightly downy beneath, recurved on the midrib, little folded inwards, wavy, and rather deeply and sharply serrated ; petioles medium length, about one inch long, moderately stout. Flowee,s. — Large, nearly white ; petals, ovate, cupped ; clusters, large. Fruit. — Large, about two and a half inches broad, and two and three quarters deep : Form, oblong conical, similar to the Bellflower, ribbed at the base, which is flattened, and tapering to the crown, which is small, and also somewhat ribbed : Skin, fair, smooth, pale greenish yellow, very distinctly and u'regularly striped with bright red : Stem, rather short, about half an inch in length, slender, and inserted in a small, irregular and shaUow cavity : Eye, small, closed, and little sunk in a small, furrowed basin ; segments of the calyx, short, twisted : Flesh, yellowish white, fine, ciisp, and very tender: Juice, plentiful, rich, subacid, brisk, and high-flavored : Core, rather large, and partially open : Seeds, small, obovate, plump. Ripe in December, and keeps tifl February, [96] i fc JftmUDI P^™'^^^^llHfrlWIMwBW M ilMfftinlillfMiW :n^^^ ^R^Ty^i^^^l^Pw^ M IttlllllMflll Milni 1 llnifflllf^^ lllfflSI^I!tftM.iPBff!!Tlff^ IIMPi WiiillMmil llfMlj^mmffilljMffliwP^^ ^ ^BHW'IHiiil IILi![II[][l fflwi n M MJi^iWiBpiys^J^M ff. llliPf(IWllBII)linpp^i'"^*"^ffl»a ^i|^Q[Ll^.^^^^%g7jr^mMffl yB«tt^^^^^^@ff^je*li^VlS'>?f^^^--^ii^^^^t^ W |}i|ff iWirttfflivttSl ii^ffflnKff lif Hi [ff^NWra^ii^BI^Ffflt'^ittlltffffSfcfifejWtfByytfli^ IILl!lTr.3*^BSfiWtiildLiffWiBf ||r|||lmS|^^ f^^f'm^^ T^?'*^^^ tliiili^^ %fefrY^^ir^''^ 5^"^^ •^VhdS^imll^ fflfflMfflHi IMMMWillliM^^ ^r^^^dj^ '^ ^Trk^ ^ f^ » MfflB § IWWMI mIhWIi 1 m MMw JWifiHlil liWiillBitllliM HHBHIMHi^g fff flll]|[|fJBIIIif|f[|||MH^ ji?!^?^^. fe^ ^ -^(^>js^ J^SHJBM Wil^^MfSMf JM^ ffillUHII ffllflii'ffliHPrifii '^SlfMimlMM iliiBWffl 8atKaso>-'''^r^yw^f^?'V'^^^ ll^MMSPJ^^^BSSBBIlJIfciliEiii'i Ili'lmawOw&^^a' f