Ik DR. WILLI/Vtvl GOOOCLL his book may be kept out TWO WEEKS , and is subject to a fine of TW^. •JTS a day thereafter. It will he on the day indicated below. >tP1219 * T 1959 Wi?' ,».aI ^'t^ io 'm 00 Digitized by tine Internet Arcliive in 2010 witli funding from Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries Iittp://www.arcliive.org/details/guidetopatlisinwli1902appa i4W4ejpi!M' 917 V,^ 1— ^^^4 VOF ^ PART II. SECTION X. Jackson and Vicinity. Jackson is situated at the junction of the Ellis and Wildcat Rivers, the former flowing from Pinkham Notch and the latter from Carter Notch, both north of^the town. It is closely surrounded by mountains of moderate height, nearly all commanding fine views of the southern and eastern slopes of Mount Washing- ton, and nearly all may be ascended by good paths. Eagle, Spruce, Black, Thorn, Doublehead and Iron Mountains are close at hand, while Carter Notch, the eastern and southern sides of Mount Washington and the Montalban Ridge are easily accessible. Jackson is within three miles of Glen Station on the Maine Central R.R. and the State road passes through it, so that more distant parts of the mountains can readily be reached by automobile or train. There are several good hotels. It is therefore a favorite tramping centre. Jackson Falls. Jackson Falls, on the Wildcat River just above the village, are a picturesque succession of cataracts of great beauty and are particularly accessible, as the Carter Notch road passes along their entire length on the W. Glen Ellis Falls. These falls, on the Ellis River, are 83^ m. N. of Jackson. The path to the falls leaves the E. side of the Pinkham Notch road, is marked by a prominent sign, and is about 3^ m. in length, leading to the top of the main fall. Steep wooden stairs descend to the foot. ^ ar.T 2*7 ^^^"i (213) ii4 JACKSON AND VICINITY. • The main fall is about 70 ft. in height, and below it are several pools and smaller falls of great beauty. Goodrich Falls. These falls are on the Ellis River, close to the point where the State road crosses the covered bridge about i3^ m. S. of the village. They are easily reached from the road. Their beauty has been greatly marred by the construction of the electric power-house, but they are still imposing. Winniweta Falls. Winniweta Falls are situated on Miles Brook, a westerly branch of Ellis River, 3.6 m. N. of Jackson. The path leaves the State road by a rough cart-path which branches off on the W. side of the road at the 12 1st mile-post and immediately crosses the river. The bridge is gone and the river should be forded at the most convenient place. Leave the logging-road (which is on the N. side of the stream) just beyond the second fence, 0.8 m. from the State road. Black Mountain. Black Mountain is a long ridge N.E. of Jackson be- tween the Wildcat River and the East Branch of the Saco. It lies south of Carter Dome and is separated from the latter by Perkins Notch. There are at least seven summits. The most northerly is the highest (3,312 ft.), but being densely wooded and covered with slash and blow-downs is rarely visited. The "Knoll" (2,010 ft.), the most southerly summit and the only one not wooded, is easily climbed from the highway south of it and affords a very interesting view. The Davis Memorial Observatory, built in 19 13 by friends of Walter Rockwood Davis, occupies one of the middle peaks (2,735 ft-)« The Davis Reservation comprises JACKSON AND VICINITY. 515 30 acres including the peak, and is the property of the A. M. C. On both sides of this peak are extensive pastures which enable it to be reached with ease. That on the west is commonly called the "Long Pasture." The best views and the easiest grades are obtained by going up the east side and down the west. A new trail along the ridge from the southern end of the mountain to the col south of the Observatory was completed in 1915. Route via East Pasture. Leave Jackson by the road on the E. bank of the Wildcat River at the Jackson Falls House. In about I m. bear to the R. at the fork and again keep to the R. where the road comes in from the L. about 3^ m. further on. A short distance beyond this point turn to the L. into Black Mountain road, marked by a sign. This point is 3^ m. beyond a white schoolhouse (on the L.) and just before the road (which continues as the Dundee road) crosses a bridge over Great Brook. The Black Mountain road is passable for vehicles for another mile (as far as Walter Fernald's), where a sign will be found on the R. It then becomes a grassy lane, and in J^ m. passes a cellar-hole on the L., all that re- mains of the old Willey farmhouse. There is a mag- nificent view here. Continue up the old roadway, avoiding all logging roads which branch off to the R. The attractive old roadway continues, rising and falling in grade, and crosses a brook at Skunk Hollow. Good water may be obtained just beyond the brook on a bank at the L. The road finally comes out into a large open pasture, across which it can easily be followed. Soon, however, while still in the pasture, the tower comes into view on the L. (N.W.). It will be seen that only the top of the summit bearing it is wooded ; that a wooded ridge runs down to the R., and that running toward this ridge 2i6 JACKSON AND VICINITY. is a hollow, while to the L. (S.) of the summit the pas- ture runs nearly to the top of the ridge. These points should be carefully noted as the way across the pasture from the roadway is not marked. Leave the roadway and bear up the hollow referred to. Water will be found at the foot of the steep slope under a large yellow birch. Bearing to the L, and up hill from this point an observation seat will be found at the edge of the thick woods, and near it the short path leading to the Observatory. The descent may be made in the same way, or better, by the West or Long Pasture. If the latter route is chosen, retrace the above-mentioned path from the Observatory to the pasture. At the seat, just below the edge of the woods, turn sharply to the R. (W.) along the edge of the woods and go through the open growth into the col S. of the Observatory summit. Cross over the col and descend into the top of Long Pasture. A large split boulder near the top affords an excellent view. From here it will be seen that Long Pasture is rapidly growing up with alders, being com- pletely choked by them about a third of the way down. They are best avoided by going through the tongue of woods which juts into the pasture from the N. at this point. Having passed through the woods and into the lower section of the pasture, keep on down, bearing slightly to the S., until the grass-grown bed of an old graded road is found. Turn to the L. and follow this out over a stile and across a bridge to the Carter Notch road, which is followed to the L. to Jackson. Distances. Jackson Falls House to junction of old Black Mountain road i% m.; to Fernald's 2^ m.; to Observatory 43/^ m.; to top of Long Pasture 4% m. to Carter Notch road 63^ m.; to Jackson 10 m. Times. Jackson to Black Mountain road i hr. 15 min.; to Observatory 3 hrs.; to top of Long Pasture JACKSON AND VICINITY. 217 3 hrs. 15 min.; to Carter Notch road 4 hrs. 15 min.; to Jackson 6 hrs. Route via West or Long Pasture. The West Pasture is separated from the Carter Notch road by a deep ravine containing the Wildcat River. From Jackson take the Carter Notch road. In about 4 m. take the first road to the R. just beyond the white schoolhouse, the junction being marked by a sign. This road crosses the Wildcat River on a bridge, goes around a gravel bank, bearing to the N. over a stile, and then through bars into the pasture. Water will be found in the woods before the open field is reached, and no more can be depended on above this point. There is no path up through the pasture, but the ob- jective point is its topmost corner and the summit beyond, due E. from where the road comes into the open pasture. The pasture is rapidly filling with alders so that it is no longer possible to ascend at random, and there is no definite trail. To avoid the alders, keep in the roadway until it can be seen that one is past the alders and has clear going to a tongue of woods about half-way up the pasture. Then strike straight up through the woods, keeping far enough to the L. to avoid the alders, into the open pasture above. The uppermost corner of the pasture being attained, keep on over the col, through sparse second growth to the open pasture on the E. side. Here turn to the L. and keep along the edge of the woods until the seat at the lower end of the path to the Observatory is found (see p. 216), and follow the path to the summit. The descent may be made by the same route, or better, by the E. pasture. If the latter route is chosen, follow the path from the Observatory back to the seat at the edge of the pasture and continue down hill until the grass-grown bed of the old road is found. If there 218 JACKSON AND VICINITY. is any doubt as to this road, it can be recognized by its proximity to the cellar- hole of an old house. Water is found in a hollow under a large yellow birch at the bottom of the steep slope between the woods and the road. Follow the road out to the R. (S.) and return by the highway to Jackson. Distances. Jackson to junction of Carter Notch road and road to pasture 3^ m.; to top of pasture 53^ m.; to Observatory 5]/^ m.; to junction of Dundee and Black Mountain roads 83^ m.; to Jackson 10 m. Times. Jackson to pasture road 2 hrs.; to top of Long Pasture S/^ hrs.; to Observatory 4 hrs.; to Dun- dee road 5 hrs.; to Jackson 6 hrs. The easiest way to reach Black Mountain Obser- vatory is to drive to Walter Fernald's on the Black Mountain road and walk from there, returning the same way. With a buckboard or light carriage it is possible to drive even to the large pasture below the Observatory. The walking distance from Fernald's is only about i^ m. each way, and the time is about i}>4 hrs. — say, 4 hrs. for the round trip, including time for enjoyment of the view. The Knoll. The Knoll (2,010 ft.) is the bare, sharp peak at the southern extremity of Black Mountain. It is easily ac- cessible from the Five- Mile road at the top of the long hill above Wilson cottage near the Overlook cottage, 1.6 m. from the village. Here a sign reading "To the Knoll, Follow the Fence" points the way up a cowpath into a rocky pasture. Before reaching the barbed wire fence the stone wall should be crossed and followed to a pair of bars. From there one can make his own way to the top of the Knoll, though it will be found easier to bear to the R. There is a fine view from the top. JACKSON AND VICINITY. 219 Path from the Knoll to the Observatory. From the Knoll a path bears to the N.W., indicated by cairns and rags until it enters the woods, where rags only are used. The path con- tinues along the W. side of the mountain, gradually ascending until it joins the direct path from below via the Chesley pasture. From this point the grade is steeper, finally becoming quite sharp just before reach- ing the ledge, with a wide view immediately below the summit of the second peak (2,585 ft.). The path then goes over the second peak, descending slightly into a pasture which almost crosses the mountain. It then slabs the side of the third peak, finally coming into an old lumber road leading out to the East Pasture, from which the Observatory can be reached by the route described on page 215. Over the Ridge (Directly from Five- Mile Road). Leave the Five- Mile road as if going to the Knoll, but at a sign reading "To the Observatory direct" turn to the L. and follow cairns into the woods, where rags and blazes indicate the way. After about 3^ m. the path crosses Chesley pasture, where a fine view of Mount Washington and its southern ridge is obtained. Continue on into the woods in a N. direction, at first by easy grade, but gradually growing steeper until a junc- tion is made with the path coming from the Knoll. Distances: via Knoll. Village to path 1.6 m.; to Knoll 2.4 m.; to junction with direct path to Ob- servatory 2.9 m.; to second peak 3.1 m.; to pasture 3.5 m.; to Observatory 4.4 m. Via direct path. Village to path 1.6 m.; to junction with Knoll path 2.8 m.; to Observatory 4.3 m. Times. Road to Knoll % hrs.; to second peak i3^ hrs.; to Observatory 2^ hrs. 220 JACKSON AND VICINITY. Mt. Doublehead. This mountain lies northeast from Jackson and is easily recognized by its characteristic twin peaks. From the State road in North Conway only the south peak is visible, appearing as a striking truncated cone. The north peak has an altitude of 3,056 ft. and is wooded to the top. The south peak is 2,935 ^t. and has several bare ledges on the top, which is divided into three minor humps in an east and west line. The path from the Dundee road was recut in 1905 by B. H. Kellogg. Admirers of this mountain will regret that its fine spruce forest has been logged to such an extent that the trail can no longer be followed. It will probably be made passable during the coming summer (1920). Description. The trail leaves the Dundee road about 2\i m. from Jackson village, about Y^ m. be- yond the bridge across Great Brook, and just beyond a small house with an outside chimney. Its beginning is marked by a sign. It goes over a barbed wire fence and through a much overgrown pasture, where it is marked by splashes of white paint on the rocks. It soon enters sparse woods and ascends more rapidly through second growth. The last water is found near the path half-way up just before entering the spruces. Above this point the path disappears in the logged area. The comrhittee lacks definite information as to just how extensive the damage has been. There were formerly trails to both peaks, and from peak to peak across the col. As the north peak is wooded and the tripod which formerly enabled one to overlook the trees is in ruins, the only view is from the ledges on the E. side. Hence the south peak is the better one to visit. The best plan is to take the R. path at the fork, ascending the south peak, then descend to the col, visiting the north peak JACKSON AND VICINITY. 221 if desired, and returning directly down the path from the col. The col contains a remarkable growth of old gnarled birches. Distances. Jackson to path 2}/i m.; to spring 3 m.; to junction of N. and S. trails 3^ m.; to north peak 3^ m.; to south peak (direct) 3^ m. From north peak to south peak across the col yi m. Mountain Pond and Chatham. Mountain Pond lies in the town of Chatham from which it can be approached by an old lumber road. The route in from Jackson is by trail from a road branching to the E. from the Dundee road around the south slope of Mt. Doublehead. A lumber R. R. was built along the East branch in 1916. Hence all de- scriptions of trails in this region must be considered unreliable. Water in the pond is not fit for use, but drinking water can be found in a spring at the N. end of the pond on the trail leading to Chatham. The pond itself is a pretty crescent-shaped body of water about three-quarters of a mile long and a quarter of a mile wide, overlooked by low mountains, — Mt.. Shaw to the south and the spurs of Baldface Range to the north. There is a beautiful view of Mt. Double- head and of the peaks of Baldface. It is not for the view, however, that the trip is nota- ble; the path itself is the attraction, for it lies through a section of large trees, maples and birches, to say nothing of the great hemlocks near Mountain Pond and a few scattered white pines. The East B^^nch and the winding Slippery Brook add to the interest, the latter being crossed no less than four times. Path from Jackson. For trampers coming from the S. the Dundee road should be left at the first road to the R. (E.) after pass- ing Dundee. This branching is nearly opposite the 222 JACKSON AND VICINITY. Dinsmore house (a large white house on the W. side of the road). This road should be followed to the end, past the Bean house and barn and across the little brook, or the logging railroad can be followed from where it crosses the highway in Lower Bartlett at the beginning of the Dundee Road. For those coming from the N. via Jackson and the Dundee road, there is a short cut through a beauti- ful stretch of wooded country for about i m. Leave the Dundee road at the first gap in the woods on the L. (E.) side of the road below the Batcheller house, which is the first one passed after dropping down from the divide between Tin Mountain and Mt. Doublehead. Crossing the wire fence, the old wood-road can be followed through the woods, bearing to the L. in all doubtful places and gradually going down hill to a deserted house. Here turn to the L. on the branch road already mentioned and follow it to the end as in approaching from the S. The E. end of this cut-off was damaged by logging in 1919. From the end of the road, turn sharply to the R. through the fields, bearing E. down hill to the lumber R. R. Continue about ^ m. up the railroad to the L. (N.) past a lumber camp to a log loading platform. Here, on the R. of the R. R. find a wide logging road and follow it to its end, avoiding two smaller roads entering from the R., and crossing Slippery Brook three times on substantial bridges. At the end of the road again cross Slippery Brook and continue along its E. bank fof^five minutes or so. The path then crosses the outlet of Mountain Pond on a fallen log. Continue past a path entering from the L., an abandoned log cabin on the L. and a wood-road entering from the L. Still continuing along the N. shore of the pond, pass a shelter beside the pond on the R., go through a camping site and finally reach the spring on the L. JACKSON AND VICINITY. 223 The pond water is unfit for drinking. From the spring at the E. end of the pond Chatham may be reached by the reverse of the route described on p. 75. Distances. From Jackson village to the cut-off on the Dundee road 4.2 m.; to the lumber R. R. 5.2 m ; to the crossing of the outlet of Mountain Pond and the lumber road 7.8 m.; to abandoned log cabin 8.8 m.; from Lower Bartlett to the cabin via the R. R. about 7 m. Times. From Jackson to the cut-off 2 hrs.; to the lumber R. R. 2 hrs. 30 min.; to the crossing of pond outlet 3 hrs. 45 min.; to abandoned cabin 4 hrs. 15 min. Thorn and Tin Mountains. These mountains comprise the three low summits east of Jackson village. The most northerly is Tin Mountain (2,025 ft.). The intermediate summit (1,910 ft.) is sometimes called Middle Mountain, but is generally considered part of Thorn Mountain. The southerly summit is Thorn Mountain (2,265 ft.). Thorn Hill (1,440 ft.) lies southwest from Thorn Mountain across a shallow valley through which passes the Thorn Hill road. There are two paths to the summit of Thorn Mountain, one from Thorn Hill road and the other from Thorn Mountain Park. The Dundee Drive extends around the base of the little group of mouHtains and should be taken from the south, as one then faces the ledges on Mt. Doublehead as well as the views of the Mount Washington Range. Both paths end on a ledge which, although not the summit, affords a view to the W. and N. The summit, marked by a large cairn, is a short distance E. of this ledge. Still further on to the S. E. a little cleared space affords a good view of Mt. Kearsarge and North Con- way. No water can be depended on after leaving the occupied houses on either of the two roads. The ascent 224 JACKSON AND VICINITY. from Thorn Mountain Park and the descent by the path to the Thorn Hill road make an interesting round trip. The tin mines may be visited during the ascent (see p. 226). Thorn Mountain via Thorn Hill Road. This is the shortest way from the village. Ascend the Thorn Hill road to Mrs. Bedelle's house with its picturesque poplars. Turn to the L. into a driveway just above the house and from the driveway the path (marked by a sign) leaves on the R. This footpath in a short distance will lead into an old overgrown pasture. After ascending at a moderate grade through young trees and bushes it passes an old birch tree. Not over ten or fifteen years ago this tree stood at the top of an open pasture. It was a welcome source of shade on a hot day as well as a guide to the path, which began at what was then the edge of the woods just above it. The path here enters the spruces and as- cends more sharply, especially near the summit. There is no water. In descending, the path will be found just N. of the ledges on the W. side of the summit. Distances. Jackson to foot of the path % m.; to summit 1% m. Time. Jackson to summit 2 hrs. Thorn Mountain via Thorn Mountain Parjc. The old Thorn Mountain road branches off from the E. side of the road (R. in ascending) on the E. bank of Wildcat River about 3^ m. above the Jackson Falls House. The newer and more direct road leaves the village road about 200 yds. S. of the same hotel. It zigzags up the side of the mountain and joins the other road at Thorn Mountain Park, a summer settlement. Continuing up from the junction, the road leads to the saddle between Thorn Mountain and the middle JACKSON AND VICINITY. 225 summit, ending at the ruins of an old farmhouse. Before reaching the latter there is a large boulder on the upper side of the road, which shows two rather remarkable profiles, either or both of which have been likened by some to the Father of his Country and by others to the Indian on the old copper cent. At the farmhouse keep straight on in a S.E. direction across the field and through the bars into an overgrown pasture. Water can usually be found in a spring just beyond this fence, 30 feet to the R. of the path, hidden in a rank growth of grass. There is no water higher up. The path swings somewhat to the R. and enters the woods, through which it is unmistakable to the summit. In descending, the path will be found just N. of the main summit ledges. Distances. Jackson to end of road 2 m. ; to summit 2.6 m. Time. Jackson to summit 23^ hrs. Path from Thorn Mountahi Park to Thorn Hill Road. This pretty path, sometimes called the Birch Path or Ridge Path, skirting the slopes of Middle and Thorn Mountains, makes a convenient short-cut for those wishing to visit the two points in a half-day trip with- out going over the summit of Thorn Mountain. The Thorn Mountain Park terminus lies S. from the French cottage and begins as an old overgrown road. To reach it in ascending, leave the Thorn Mountain road at the first roadway on the R. after passing the two Goff houses. It is the second road on the R. above the junc- tion of the Thorn Mountain and the Thorn Mountain Park roads, and has a small house on it. Those coming from the Thorn Hill road should leave the roadway at the cottage by the poplars, continuing in toward the Ritchie cottage (formerly Miss Wormeley's) beyond which there is a sign pointing the way to Thorn 226 JACKSON AND VICINITY. Mountain Park. Care should be taken not to take the Thorn Mountain path, which is near by. Distances. Village (via old road) to path 1.7 m.; to Thorn Hill road 2 3^ m.; to village 33^ m. Tin Mountain. There is no path up Tin Mountain. Its summit can easily be reached from the Thorn Mountain road, but it is wooded and no view can be obtained. The chief objects of interest on the mountain are the old tin mines, which are in the pastures on the S.W. side and can be located by the dumps of rocks visible from the road. There are several tunnels 30 ft. or more long and several shafts full of water. It is said that the first discovery of tin in the United States was made at this place. The Dundee road on the E. of the mountain can be reached by a logging road which passes through the notch (sometimes called Tin Mountain Col) on the S. side of the mountain. Iron Mountain. Iron Mountain (2,725 ft.) lies S.W. of Jackson be- tween the Ellis and Rocky Branch Rivers. It is a mas- sive mountain covered with second growth, including many fine oaks. There are several summits and long ledgy ridges, the most prominent of which runs a little north of east and ends in the conspicuous cliff called Iron Bluff, or, from its shape as seen from the near-by pastures, Duck's Head (1,305 ft.). The mountain is said to contain valuable deposits of iron. The aban- doned mines are located on the Jericho side. There are three paths to the summit. Iron Mountain via Hayes' Farm. The Iron Mountain road leaves on the W. side of the highway near the golf links just S. of the iron bridge in Jackson. It is steep and rough, but is passable for JACKSON AND VICINITY. 227 carriages to a short distance beyond the abandoned farm of Oscar Hayes, easily recognized as it is situated in an open field on the L. of the road (in ascending) at its highest point. The road affords fine views to the N. and E., and from Hayes' there is a grand outlook toward Giant Stairs on the W. At the Hayes house leave the road and strike across the pasture through a pair of bars toward a corner of the woods slightly W. of S. from the house, cairns pointing the way at first. The lower end of the path is hard to find, owing to the bushes and small trees that are rapidly encroaching upon the pasture. When found it can be followed without difficulty in a S. direction to the summit. The sparse growth covering the summit interferes greatly with the near view, though the more distant mountains may be seen in all directions. There is no water. Distances. From iron bridge to Hayes' farm 2.8 m.; to summit 4 m. Times. To Hayes' farm i hr. 45 min.; to summit 2 hrs. 45 min. Iron Mountain via Duck's Head (or Iron Bluff.) This trail was built in 1905 by W. A. Meserve of Jackson. It leaves the pasture back of the Iron Moun- tain House at its extreme left-hand corner, and is very attractively located. It winds about under the ledges to within about 150 yds. of the top of Duck's Head. Here it divides, the L. branch going to Iron Mountain and the R. to the top of Duck's Head. The latter affords a fine view of the valleys to the S. and E. Continuing toward Iron Mountain, the path passes alternately through wooded gullies and over ledgy ridges, fairly clear and affording extensive views to the N., S. and E,, and finally ascends the rocky shoulder leading in a W. and then N. direction to the summit. On the ridge, considerably below the top, the path to 228 JACKSON AND VICINITY. the Cliffs, Iron Mines and Jericho leaves on the marked by a sign. Water is sometimes found i ravine about lo min. beyond Duck's Head, bui will fail in dry seasons. In wet seasons water > usually be found in pools on the ledges. Distances. Jron Mountain House to Due Head branch H m.; to water (unreliable) ^ m.; to f. summit 2 m.; to Iron Mines and Jericho path 3 m.; main summit $}4 m- Times. To Duck's Head branch 20 min.; to top Duck's Head 30 min.; to first summit 2 hrs.; to Ii Mines path 2 hrs. 45 min.; to main summit 3 hrs. min. At; 3in ,110(1 he:' % r ^ Iron Mountain from Jericho via Iron Mines. Jericho is reached from Jackson by a highway leadi N. from the road to Bartlett about i m. W. of Glen St tion. About 1 3^ m. more on the Jericho road brings o to Allen's Bridge across the Rocky Branch River. A f€ . j, rods before reaching this bridge a road will be foui branching to the R., easily recognized by the fact th it is just opposite the further end of a fine stone w£ and that there is a large stone post at the intersectio This is the main road along the E. bank of the Rock Branch River, and is known locally as the Jinks H road. It is rough but passable for carriages for a di tance of some 4 m. and is very beautiful in the autun after the leaves have turned. The Iron Mine pat leaves this road about % m. from the Jericho roa (marked by a sign on the R.), and follows the old roa (impassable for vehicles) that formerly led to the mine It ascends at first by easy grades, through fine secon growth to the site of the old ore-house. Near hei water may sometimes be found in a little strean usually dry. The path then swings to the R. and as cends very steeply through open growth and over ledge jACksoisf And vicinity. 229 the abandoned iron mines. It passes close to a tun- 1 60 ft. long, which can be entered, and where ter Is found. A little further on it passes close to a ift filled with water. The mines are said to be very h in ore, and specimens can be obtained from the undant dumps. They were worked about 1872. le path keeps to the R. of both mines and continues climb to the top of the ridge, where it comes out on en ledges. Here a side path to the L. (marked by a n) leads to the cliffs at a distance of a few rods only. le view from the cliffs is altogether the finest thing on 2 mountain, and it will repay those who visit the )untain by other paths to descend to this point. iter (stagnant) is usually to be found on the side th to the cliffs. Returning to the main path and con- luing the ascent, it is only a short distance to the jck's Head trail. Turn to the L. on the latter for e summit, or to the R. for Jackson via Duck's Head d the Iron Mountain House. ♦ Distances. Bartlett road to Rocky Branch road 1 34 J to path (Mine road) i^ m.; to Mines 3 34 m.; to !f path 33^2 m. ; to Duck's Head trail 3 ^ m. ; to summit i m. Times. Bartlett road to Rocky Branch road 35 min. ; path (Mine road) i hr.; to Mines 2 hrs. 30 min.; cliffs 3 hrs.; to Duck's Head trail 3 hrs. 15 min.; summit 4 hrs. Descent 3 hrs. falks on and about Iron Mountain. The following all-day walk will include the most teresting features of the mountain. Ascend via fuck's Head, visiting it on the way. Descend via the ines to the Rocky Branch logging road, visiting the ^iffs. Turn to the R. up this logging road to the junc- on of the Jackson-Stairs Col Trail, just before reach- 'j g the bridge over the Rocky Branch. Follow the 230 JACKSON AND VICINITY. Stairs Col Trail (see p. 233) up to the R. through the abandoned pastures to Hayes' farm. Descend to Jack- son via the Iron Mountain road. Distances. Iron Mountain House to top of Iron Mountain 3% m.; to Rocky Branch logging road (visiting the cliflPs) 6 m.; to junction of Stairs Col Trail 9 m.; to Jackson 143^ m. Times. Iron Mountain House to top of Iron Moun- tain 3 hrs. 15 min.; to Rocky Branch logging road 5 hrs. 15 min.; to Stairs Col Trail 6 hrs. 30 min.; to Jackson 8 hrs. 45 min. Walk around Iron Mountain. This walk, though less interesting than the above, is an old favorite with lovers of this region. Go up the Iron Mountain road to Hayes' farm and from there to the Rocky Branch logging road via Stairs Col Trail (see p. 231). Follow the logging road L. (S.) to the Jericho road and Glen Station. Return to Jackson by road. It is possible to go from Jericho to Goodrich Falls over Swett Mountain, the S. spur of Iron Moun- tain. This saves about 17^ m.; but will take fully as much tim.e and exertion as the road walk via Glen Station. The way is now so obscure and hard to find that a printed description v/ould be no aid. Distances. Jackson to Rocky Branch road 5}^ m.; to Jericho 93^ m.; to Glen Station 11 3^ m.; to Jackson 143^ m. Times. Jackson to Rocky Branch road 2 hrs. 30 min.; to Jericho 3 hrs. 45 min.; to Glen Station 5 hrs.; to Jackson 6 hrs. Giant's Stairs and Montalban Ridge. The Davis Path and the Montalban Ridge are treated in another section (Section IX). They are easily reached from Jackson by the following route. JACKSON AND VICINITY. 231 Stairs Col Trail. This trail was adopted as a Club path in 19 13. It connects the end of the Iron Mountain road with the Davis Path at Stairs Col, between Stairs Mountain and Mt. Resolution, crossing the valley of the Rocky Branch. It was opened in 191 2, or rather it was re- "Spened, since no part of it represents new trail-building. From Jackson go up the Iron Mountain road (see p. 226) to Oscar Hayes' farm (now abandoned), con- tinuing along the rough, abandoned portion of the road to the ruins of Littlefield's old farmhouse i}^ m. from Hayes'. About half way from Hayes' to Littlefield's a logging road leaves the old road on the R. Keep to the L. here. The road keeps well to the N. and finally descends a long, moderately steep hill and crosses a brook at the bottom. Ascending the further bank of the stream it comes out into an open pasture at Little- field's clearing. The cellar-hole, which is all that is left of the house, is about 50 yds. from the stream. Keep to the L. of it and a rod or so beyond turn to the L. and enter the woods. The path follows the old de- serted highway down to the river. This portion of the route is m.ost interesting, since it lies through a settle- ment abandoned years ago. In places the clearings and apple orchards still rem.ain, in others the en- croaching forest has obliterated everything but the apple trees. The last house collapsed twenty ^''ears ago, but many cellar-holes and clum.ps of rosebushes still remain. Approaching the Rocky Branch, keep straight down through a tangle of slash and old roads to the main Rocky Branch logging road. As the bridge is visible from the road there is no difificulty in finding the way in this direction. At the junction with the m.ain log- ging road, turn to the R. and cross the river. The road passes straight through an old logging camp. A short 232 JACKSON AND VICINITY. distance beyond the latter the path takes a branch read to the L., which soon leads up to the bed of the old R. R., from which the rails have been removed. Turn to the R., following the road-bed across a high trestle, and continue about ^ m. to the site of the old R. R. buildings, marked "Storehouse" on the map. All the buildings have been rem.oved, but a private camp has been erected nearby. Leave the road-bed here and cross the clearing to its further L. corner, where a large sign indicates the point where the trail turns away from the river. From here nearly to the col the trail follows logging roads, each junction being clearly indicated" by a sign. The most obscure point is about half way from the R. R. to the col, in sight of an immense boulder on the L. near the river. At this point the climber must turn sharp to the R. for a few yards and then to the L. again along a road whose direction is nearly pSrallel to the one he has been following, or a little to the R. of it. There are numerous signs here and beyond. The last part of the way up to the head of the ravine is as steep as a logging road can well be. The last water is under a rock a few feet to the L. of the road near its highest point. In dry weather this is important, as there is no permanent water in the col on Stairs Mountain or on the Davis Path below the col, except at Resolution Camp, and the supply there fails in dry times. From the top of the logging road about lo min. by an old trail brings the climber to the col and, by continuing down the W. side a few rods, to the junction with the Davis Path. In descending from the col to Jackson there is no difficulty as far as the Rocky Branch, as most of the logging roads converge. Shortly before reaching the ruins of the railroad camp, however, the path twice takes roads branching off to the R., each branch being JACKSON AND VICINITY. 2^3 marked by a sign. In case these signs were missed, the tramper would merely lose a little distance, coming out to the railroad bed higher up. The railroad bed will be found on the E. side of the clearing where the build- ings formerly stood. It should be followed down stream ( i. e., to the R.) for about % m., where the path will be found on the L. a short distance beyond a high trestle. Follow the logging road to the bridge across the Rocky Branch, avoiding one branch to the R. just before reaching the bridge. Just beyond the river, where the tramper must leave the main logging road and turn to the L. up to the pastures and the abandoned settlement, a tangle of slash and logging roads causes confusion. Take the logging road to the L. of the re- mains of a roll- way, up-hill for some 50 feet, then turn sharp to the R. for a few steps, then L. up a large log- ging road to the pastures. Follow signs and cairns across the large first pasture into a deserted road. This runs through several old clearings to an old cellar-hole (Littlefield's, i m. from river). Here turn W. down hill to the Iron Mt. Road (see signs). Distances. Jackson (iron bridge) to Hayes' farm 2^ m.; to Littlefield's 4K m-; to Rocky Branch road $]4, ni.; to site of storehouse 7 m.; to col 9 m. Times. Jackson to Hayes* farm 2 hrs.; to Little- field's 2 hrs. 30 min.; to Rocky Branch road 3 hrs.; to site of storehouse 3 hrs. 45 min.; to col 5 hrs. 30 min. Returning, col to storehouse i hr. 15 min.; to Rocky Branch Bridge 2 hrs.; to Littlefield's 2 hrs. 45 min.; to Hayes' farm 3 hrs. 30 min.; to Jackson 4 hrs. 30 min. From Col to Points of Interest. To top of Stairs Mountain ^ m. (time 30 min.; returning 20 min.); to Isolation Camp 6^ m. (3 hrs.); to Mount Washington 11 m. (6 hrs.). To Resolution Camp M m, (8 min.); to Mt. Craw- ford 2 m. (i hr. ; returning i hr. 15 min.); to Bemis 5 m. (2 hrs.). 234 JACKSON AND VICINITY. From Bemis to Jackson, via Davis Path (Section IX) and the Stairs Col Trail the distance is about 14 m., or, including ascents of Crawford and Stairs Mountains, a long 16 m. The actual walking time will be about 83^ hrs., including the two ascents men- tioned but not allowing time for luncheon, enjoyment of the views, or stops for other purposes. This walk is probably the finest about Jackson. Persons taking it should start early and plan for a long day. Glen Station to Stairs Col. Follow the main Bartlett road W. to the Jericho road and follow the latter to the Rocky Branch road (for de- tailed description see p. 228). Follow the Rocky Branch road to the junction with the Stairs Col Trail and continue up the latter, across the river and onward as desciibed on p. 231. The grades are much easier than by the Jackson route and 2 m. of walking may may be saved by driving to Jericho. Distances. Glen Station to Jericho road i m.; to Rocky Branch road 2 m.; to Jackson-Stairs Col Trail 6 m.; to col g}/2 m. Times. Glen Station to Rocky Branch road i hr. ; to Stairs Col Trail 2)^ hrs.; to col 5 hrs. Return 4 hrs. Carter Notch, Garter Dome and Mt. Wildcat. These points are described in detail in the chapter on the Carter Range, but they are all readily visited from Jackson. For description of routes to North Chatham and the Wild River Forest see Sections III and IV. These latter trails will appeal to those who enjoy long wilderness walks. It is possible to go in a day to Gilead, Me., a distance of 25 m., about half on roads. JACKSON AND VICINITY. 235 Prospect Farm and Hall's Ledge. Prospect Farm is situated at the extreme end of the Carter Notch road at an altitude of over 2,100 ft. The pasture at the end of the road affords magnificent views to the S. The distance from Jackson is 6 m. One may drive all the way, but the last 2 m. are very difficult for automobiles. Above the barn where the road ends, opposite the house and near a small apple tree at the edge of the woods on the L. of the clearing, a logging road enters the woods and in about i m. reaches Hall's Ledge from which there is a justly famous view of Mount Washington and its south- eastern ravines. Fern Cliff Farm to Fernald Cottage. This path crosses the ridge between Mt. Wildcat and Spruce Mountain, from the Fernald cottage on the Carter Notch road to Dana's Fern Cliff Farm on the State road through Pinkham Notch. It is useful as a short cut from the Carter Notch road to the Pinkham Notch road. A telephone line follows the path rather closely. In going from Fernald 's to Dana's an old road will be found just beyond the former house. It follows up an attractive brook, soon keeping to the R. along the N. boundary of the National Forest into the open *pasture, from which there is an excellent view to the S. and E. Follow cairns across the pasture, leaving an old cellar- hole on the L., then down into the woods, where blazes will be found along old logging roads to an open wood road, which comes out on the Pinkham Notch road in a maple grove just below a sugar-house. In going from the Pinkham Notch road to Fernald 's the W. end of the path will be found in the maple grove just below the sugar-house, \i m. N. of the I22d mile-post and a short distance S. of Fern Cliff Farm. 236 JACKSON AND VICINITY. It starts as a cowpath, leading to the wood road. This, in turn, should be left at a branch on the R. where there is an old path sign on a tree. At doubtful points be- yond here, follow the blazes. Cairns mark the path across the pasture above into the old road, which is followed out to Fernald's. Distances. Fernald's to cellar-hole in pasture 1 3^ m.; to Pinkham Notch road 2}^ m. Jackson to Fernald's 4 m. Overlook Cottage to Fernald's 2^ m. Jackson to Dana's 5 m. Dana's to Tuckerman's Ravine Path 4^ m.; to Glen House 7^ m. Times. Fernald's to Dana's i hr. 15 min. Dana'a to Fernald's slightly longer. Spruce Mountain. This mountain comprises three summits on the long ridge running south from Mt. Wildcat. The middle peak (2,250 ft.) is the highest, but the south peak (2,220 ft.) is the one usually climbed. It is slightly wooded, but there are good views in all directions from scat- tered ledges, those to the north and east being the best. Take the Carter Notch road to Slade's Spruce Mt. Lodge. The driveway to the Lodge is on the W. side of the road, just opposite the Five- Mile road. Follow Slade's driveway and a cowpath to the pasture, up which follow yellow-painted rocks. At the top of the pasture, well toward its N. edge, find a tree with a blaze painted yellow and follow similar blazes to open ledges looking to the N. and N.W. To the S. are others, and E. of these are still others. On leaving these last ledges to descend, bear a little to the N. of E. to avoid the 6teep S.E. slopes. Distances. Jackson village to Slade's 23^ m.; to summit 33^ m. JACKSON AND VICtNltY. 237 Eagle Mountain. Eagle Mountain (i ,595 ft.) is a low craggy peak form- ing the extreme end of the long ridge running S. from Mt. Wildcat. It is easily reached from the Eagle Mountain House. The path, at first an old logging road, will be found S. of the hotel at the edge of the clearing. At first its grade is easy, but the upper end is very steep. There is a fine view of the village, Mt. Kearsarge and of the Ellis and Wildcat valleys. Distances. Village to Eagle Mountain House 0.8 m.; to summit 1.7 m. On the W. side of Eagle Mt., there is a high knoll, with a ledgy top, from which there is a fine view, em- bracing the horizon from Thorn Mt. around to Mt. Washington. On the S. side of this knoll, pastures in which there are some magnificent oaks extend down to the State road (Pinkham Notch Road), and offer an easy line of approach. Distance from Jackson to the foot of the pasture about i}/2 "!•» to top of knoll, less than 2 m. SECTION XI. Bartlett and Conway. North Conway, Intervale and Bartlett are con- venient climbing centers in the upper Saco Valley. The Maine Central R. R. through Crawford Notch gives easy access to the Mount Washington Range and the various mountains on either side of Craw- ford Notch. By road, Tuckerman Ravine, the Mount Washington Carriage Road and paths from the Glen House and Carter Notch can be reached, while Albany Intervale and Mt. Chocorua are within easy driving distance. In their immediate vicinity are Mts. Pe- quawket or Kearsarge and Bartlett on the east. Moat Mountain on the west, and on the north the moun- tains leading up to Mount Washington. This district is covered by the sectional maps of Jackson and Chocorua and the Mt. Washington Range map. Mts. Pequawket or Kearsarge and Bartlett. General Information. Mt. Pequawket or Kear- sarge (3,260 ft.) is situated in Bartlett and Chatham, the town line being near the summit. Standing at the southeastern gateway of the White Mountains, it is a conspicuous object from the Saco Valley. The view from the summit is one of the best in the mountains. Pequawket was the name of a famous tribe of Indians who once occupied Conway and Fryeburg. The region about their villages was called the Plain of Pequawket. Here Darby Field came in 1642 for the first ascent of Mount Washington. In this same region, too, occurred the famous battle between the white men under Lovewell and the red men under Paugus in 1724. About the year 1784 the mountain first appeared on the map under the name Kearsarge. From that day (238) BARTLETT AND CONWAY. 239 to this it has been known by both names, but Kearsarge has had the preference. Another fine mountain in Merrimac County had borne this name for many years prior to 1784. This resulted in some confusion and in 1 91 5 the U. S. Geographic Board adopted the name of Pequawket for the northern mountain and that of Kearsarge for its distant neighbor to the south. It seems best, for the purposes of this work, to use both names. Mt. Bartlett is a part of the same mountain mass, extending westward toward Intervale. The lower range of hills extending from the summit to the northeast toward Chatham bears several minor peaks, known as Mt. Shaw (2,474 ft.) and the Twins (2,490 ft. and 2,524 ft. respectively), the latter of which has been burned over. The Green Hills of Conway, — Mts. Hurricane (2,110 ft.), Black Cap (2,370 ft.). Peaked (1,730 ft.). Middle (1,850 ft.) and Rattlesnake (1,550 ft.), — stretch away to the S. History. The first trail up the mountain, a bridle path, was built in 1845 by Moses Chandler, Nathaniel Fr^^e and one Davis, who also built a two and one-half story house on the summit. About 1872 Steven Eastman built the path from his house to Prospect Ledge, which superseded the original traD to this point. This path and the old bridle path from Prospect Ledge now constitute the Kearsarge Village Path. The house built by Messrs. Chandler, Frye and Davis was blown from the summit in a severe gale, November 12, 1883, and a 3^ear later a smaller building was erected to replace it. Four or five years later the recent building was constructed by Andrew Dinsmore from the timbers of the original house. This building, long conspicuous as a landmark, has been blown down. Ten acres of land on the summit are now the property of the A. M. C, having been given 540 BARTLETT AND CONWAY. by Mrs. Caroline E. Clay in 1902. Telephone wires were run to the hut of the forest fire guard on the summit. Mt. Pequawket or Kearsarge can be ascended from Kearsarge Village by the Kearsarge Village Path; from Intervale by the Intervale Path; from Lower Bartlett by the old path over Mt. Bartlett or from South Chatham by the Southam or Inverness Path (see p. 81). Kearsarge Village Path. This path, formerly a bridle path, leaves the highway leading toward Hurricane Mountain at the house of Steven Eastman about 3^ m. E. of Kearsarge Village, 2)^ m. from North Conway and 2)^ m. from the Inter- vale railroad station. The house can be recognized as thie one at the further end of a long lane bordered with maples. Passing to the R. of the house, the route is through the yard to the L. of the barn and across the open level pasture in a N. direction. On entering the trees the path is very clearly defined, and for about I m. from Eastman's ascends fairly steeply to Prospect Ledge, which affords an excellent view over the valley. A half mile beyond is the only sure water on the path. Two- thirds of a mile beyond this spring the path leaves the woods, ascends over sloping ledges interspersed with bushes and low trees, and is soon joined by the paths from Intervale and Lower Bartlett which come in together on the L. above the col between Mts. Bartlett and Pequawket. The path now bears well around to the N. side of the mountain, then bears S. again and, marked by cairns and paint, climbs the bare ledges in an E. direction to the summit. From the bare top there are fine views in all directions. There is a good spring about 50 ft. to the L. (S.) of the sixth telephone pole down from the summit. bartlett And conway. 241 Distances. Eastman's to Prospect Ledge i m.; to junction of paths 2^ m.; to summit 3 m. North Conway to Eastman's 23^ m.; Intervale to Eastman's 23^ m. Times. Eastman's to Prospect Ledge i hr.; to Bartlett Path 2^ hrs.; to summit 3 hrs. Descent, 2 hrs. Intervale Path. This path was built by Mr. Jacob Washburn and his sons Arthur and Donald in 1908, and is maintained by Mr. Washburn. It is shady except across the ledges, has easy grades and good views. It is well marked by signs in the woods, by cairns and white paint over the ledges, and is in good condition. The path begins at the Intervale railroad station, leads through the Cathedral Woods, past the Wizard Birch, across the road and along the Pt. Surprise Path to a fork in the path opposite a large beech tree (sign). It proceeds to the L. and straight up the slope of Mt. Bartlett, soon passing between two large bould- ers, and a little later crosses a ravine just before reach- ing the first ledge. Here there is a fine view of the Intervale from Lower Bartlett to Centre Conway, as well as of White Horse and Cathedral Ledges, Moat Mountain and the more distant mountains. The path continues up the ledges and around the E. shoulder of Mt. Bartlett, where the summit of Mt. Pequawket can be seen as well as Hurricane and Black Cap Mountains to the S.E., then along the S. side of the saddle between Mts. Bartlett and Pequawl?;et to join the Kearsarge Village Path about 30 min. from the summit. The highest point in the path is about 250 ft. below the summit of Mt. Bartlett. Water will be found near the summit. (See Kearsarge Village Path.) 242 BARTLETT AND CONWAY, Distances. To first ledge -i m.; to Kearsarge Vil- lage Path 3 m.; to summit 3^ m. Times. To first ledge i hr.; to Kearsarge Village Path 3 hrs.; to summit 33^ hrs. Bartlett Path. This path can now scarcely be followed upwards. It is, however, reported suitable for a descent. The summit of Mt. Bartlett is more easily feached via the Intervale Path. The Bartlett Path leaves the main road just N. of the gully N. of Lower Bartlett and follows cow-paths across the pastures, soon pass- ing through a gate and entering the woods, where logging roads are followed. The path leads in a general E.N.E. direction, soon crossing a small brook-bed and beginning a gradual ascent. The path is somewhat blind near this point, but is marked by path signs and paint on the rocks. - Soon the path enters the log- ging region and follows an old road leading N. for about 100 ft., when it leaves the road, turns abruptly to the R. and soon crosses a small brook, the last sure water. It then ascends rapidly, leaving the logging region and entering evergreen growth, where for the first time it takes a distinct path form. It soon crosses another logging road and gains the ledges, on which the growth has been dam.aged by fire. The path from, this point over the summit of Mt. Bartlett is marked by sparse cairns and splashes of paint and should be followed with care. The summit of Mt. Bartlett is mainly open ledges, which afford excellent views. Soon after passing the summit the path drops quite rapidly over the ledges for 3^ m., and then as- cends gradually to its intersection with the Kearsarge Village Path. In descending the path over Mt. Bartlett leaves the Kearsarge Village Path at the R., marked by cairns and a sign, 3^ m. below the summit of Mt. Kearsarge. BARTLETT and CONWAY. 243 Distances. Road to summit of Mt, Bartlett 2)4. m.; to Kearsarge Village Path 3% m.; to summit 3^ m. Times., Lower Bartlett to summit of Mt. Bartlett 2 hrs. ID min.; to Kearsarge Village Path 3 nrs. ;,to summit 3 hrs. 30 min. The Green Hills. The Green Hills are covered with open growth and can be traversed without paths, though the ledges and scrub make the traveling hard. Hurricane and Black Cap Mountains. These mountains, the next S. of and adjoining Mt. Pequawket, can be reached from the road from Kear- sarge Village which continues E. to South Chatham over the height of land (an open pasture between Hurricane and Black Cap Mountains). Just before reaching the height of land a wood road on the L. (N.) leads nearly to the top of Hurricane Mountain, which can easily be reached. On the height of land a path to the R. (S.), marked by cairns and signs, leads across the open pasture and through the woods to the bare ledges on the top of Black Cap Mountain, which gives fine views of the lakes and mountains of Maine as well as the country to the S. and the mountains to the W. and N.W. Distances. Kearsarge Village to height of land 2Y2 m.; to summit of Black Cap 33^ m.; to summit of Hurricane 3 m. Times. Kearsarge Village to height of land i % hr. ; to summit of Black Cap i^ hr.; to summit of Hurri- cane i^ hr. Middle Mountain. A path from Champney's Studio, North Conway, to the summit of Middle Mountain (1,860 ft.) affords an easy 2 m. walk with pleasing views. 244 BARTLETT AND CONWAY. Moat Mountain. General Information. Moat Mountain, a long, irregular ridge bearing several peaks or humps, lies west of the Saco River nearly opposite North Conway. North Moat (3,195 ft.), Red Ridge (Middle Moat) (2,760 ft.), and South Moat (2,760 ft.) are the principal summits. The upper slopes have been swept by fires so that nearly all the soil has been destroyed, berry bushes and low scrub in the crevices of the rocks being the only covering for the ridges. A shoulder consist- ing of several clustered peaks to the W. is known as West Moat (Big Attitash). The path to North Moat from Diana's Baths was opened in August, 1877, by Dr. Wilbur B. Parker, William L. and Charles P. Worcester, substantially as at present located. The opening of the path was celebrated at the first A. M. C. field meeting by walking over it to the summit of North Moa.t. The South Moat Path was first opened by berry-pickers, and leads from the Albany road. The Ridge Path was made in 1879 by the Messrs. Worcester and Rev. T. F. Wright. It became overgrown and was recut about 1903 at the expense of Miss Harriet E. Freeman. These paths are now maintained by the Intervale Improve- ment Association. The trip along the ridge in either direction can be made in a day and is one of much interest, the views being particularly fine in all direc- tions. For a shorter circuit a return over the bare ledges of Red Ridge is recommended. Foot- Bridge Path. This path from Intervale to Diana's Baths starts at the railroad crossing at Intervale (sign), follows a cart-road W. down to and across the intervale to the woods fringing the meadows, through which the path leads to the Saco River, where a floating foot-bridge BARTLETT AND CONWAY. 245 is maintained by the Intervale Improvement Society. From the W. bank the path leads first W., then S. to the highway at Lucy Farm opposite the branch road leading W. to Diana's Baths and the paths to North Moat and Red Ridge. In times of high wrater the meadows may be flooded and the bridge impassable, but the path is a short cut to Moat Mountain and the Ledges from Intervale and the north. Further up the river there is a ford which can ordinarily be waded, crossing the Saco between Humphrey's Ledge and Lower Bartlett. Distances. Railroad crossing to foot-bridge % m.; to Diana's Baths i3^ m. Times. Railroad crossing to foot-bridge 20 min.; to Diana's Baths 40 min. North Moat Path. This is the usual route from North Conway or In- tervale to the highest summit. It starts from Lucy's (Diana's Baths), which is easily reached by auto via North Conway, or on foot from Intervale via the Foot- bridge Path described above. The main path leaves the upper end of Lucy's clearing, close to the Baths, by a wide logging road, which follows for about J^ m. the N. bank of Cedar Brook, then crossing to the S. bank. Shortly beyond the bridge the Red Ridge Trail diverges to the L, Our trail follows the logging road for over a mile. It then leaves the road, turning abruptly L., up hill and away from the stream (last sure water). Care should be taken not to miss this junction. It is marked by a sign. In about }/^ m. the path comes out on the ledges, over which it is marked by cairns. After passing through a patch of scrub on the shoulder at the foot of the cone a path marked by a sign leads to the W. (R.) 50 yds. to a camp site and spring, fairly sure except 246 BARTLETT AND CONWAY. in dry seasons. In summer this water is nearly always muddy and unattractive. The summit, where there is an A. M. C. cylinder, is bare and affords fine views in all directions. Distances. Lucy's (Diana's Baths) to foot of Red Ridge Path Y2 m.; to point where path leaves stream 1^4 m-; to N. Peak -^^i m.; to Albany High- way via Ridge and South Moat Paths 9}^ m. Times. Lucy's to Red Ridge Path 15 m.in.; to where path leaves stream 50 min.; to summ.it 2 hrs. 45 min.; to Albany road 6 hrs. 30 min. South Moat. The path, marked by a sign, leaves the farm of Alfred Hammond on the Albany road 33^ m. from Conway. After following a wood-road for about yi m. it turns L. ofT the road and ascends through hard pines and beeches, passing W. of the prominent shoulder seen from below. About opposite the tip of this shoulder is an excellent spring, on a short side path, 50 feet L. from the main trail. Above here the path crosses open ledges and finally clim.bs the ridge to the S. Peak. This trail was reported in the summer of 1919 to have been obscured, but not destroyed, by conservative logging at its lower end. Distances. Hammond's to summit of South Moat 33^ m.; to Lucy's (Diana's Baths) via Ridge Path and N. Peak 9^/2 m. Times. Hammond's to S. peak 2 hrs. 30 min.; to Lucy's 6 hrs. 30 min. Ridge Path. This path runs from South Moat over the summit of Middle Moat, where it is joined by the Red Ridge Path to the summ.it of North Moat, thus connecting the two paths last described. It runs mostly over open ledges, BARTLETT AND CONWAY. 247 and is marked by cairns. Through the scrubby spots it is cut out and blazed. The views are fine. There is no reliable water, though there is said to be a spring on the S. side of the middle peak. It is hard to locate and is probably not permanent. Distances. South Moat to Middle Moat i3^ m.; to North Moat 2^4 m. ' Times. South Moat to Middle Moat i hr.; to North Moat 2 hrs. Middle Moat and Red Ridge. Middle Moat (2,760 ft.) is the central peak of Moat Mountain, and Red Ridge is the high, barren spur of reddish granite ledges which project for over a mile N. E. from the summit, gradually descending to end in wooded sides, sloping steeply to the valley behind Cathedral and White Horse Ledges. The path up Red Ridge begins at the junction with two paths leading in from the road W. of the Saco River, one starting from the North Moat Path H rn. above Diana's Baths, the other from Echo Lake schoolhouse. These two paths form a circuit of about 4 m. behind the ledges, the Red Ridge Path beginning about 2 m. from either starting point. Both paths have signs: "Red Ridge." Coming from Intervale, the path from Diana's Baths is shorter; from North Conway, that from Echo Lake schoolhouse. From Diana's Baths. About 15 min. walk from Diana's Baths and 2 min. after crossing Cedar Brook (sign), the path branches to the L. from the North Moat Path. After 5 min. the path is very wet for 3^ m., and is passed on stepping stones. It then runs roughly S. by W. for a distance of about 2 m. (i hr.) to the junction (signs) with the path leading from Echo Lake schoolhouse around the S. end of White Horse Ledge. At the junction it turns abruptly to the W. and 248 BARTLETT AND CONWAY. follows up the E. branch of Moat Brook for about 3^ m. (15 min.), crosses the brook (last sure water) and strikes up the wooded slope of Red Ridge, being pretty steep for the first 3^ m. Passing alternately through scrub and over ledges, it finally emerges and winds up the bare ledges to the summit of Middle Moat, where it joins the Ridge Path by which one can go to either North or South Moat. Through the woods it is well worn and marked by signs and blazes; on the ledges it is marked by cairns. Distances. From Diana's Baths to junction of paths 2 m.; to crossing of stream 2 3^ m.; to first open ledge 3 m.; to summit of Middle Moat 4 m. Times. From Diana's Baths to junction of paths I hr. 15 min.; to crossing of stream i hr. 30 min.; to first open ledge i hr. 50 min.; to summit of Middle Moat 3 hrs. 30 min. Descending. Summit of Middle Moat to junction of paths I hr.; to Diana's Baths or Echo Lake school- house 2 hrs. 15 min. From Echo Lake Schoolhouse. This path, laid out to Thompson's Falls by the White Mountain Club of Portland, Me., starts from Echo Lake schoolhouse on the road W. of Saco River at the end of the road over North Conway bridge, 1.6 m. from North Conway and 3.1 m. from Intervale. Passing S. of White Horse Ledge and following roads to the N.W. corner of the clearing (Hale's farm), the path enters the woods (R.), soon crosses to the W. bank of Moat Brook and, gently ascending, passes near Thompson's Falls. Five min- utes later a camp in a pine grove is reached. Passing to the L. to a wood road and continuing R. for 15 min., it reaches the junction with the path from Diana's Baths, which it follows to the summit of Middle Moat. BARTLETT AND CONWAY. 249 In descending, after leaving the junction the path follows an old wood road. In about 15 min, a clearing is crossed. Five minutes later the pine grove and camp are seen on the L., at which point the path leaves the wood road. Watch carefully, as this point is easily- passed unseen. If passed, the wood road can be fol- lowed out to the clearing and the highway, though it is longer and wetter than the path from the camp. Distances. From Echo Lake schoolhouse to junction of paths 2 m.; to summit of Middle Moat 4 m. Times. From Echo Lake schoolhouse to junction of paths I hr. 15 min.; to summit of Middle Moat 3 hrs. 30 min. Descending. Summit of Middle Moat to junction of paths I hr.; to Diana's Baths or to Echo Lake schoolhouse 2 hrs. 15 min. The circuit, ascending via Diana's Baths to North Moat along the Ridge Path to Middle Moat and de- scending Red Ridge to Echo Lake schoolhouse or to Diana's Baths can be made in 5H hrs. This route gives shade in ascending and fine views in descending, is quicker and easier than the reverse. West Moat or Big Attitash. West Moat Mountain, the western spur of Moat Mountain (Big Attitash of the government map), is a group of peaks (2,980 ft., 2,882 ft. and 2,884 ^t.) lying about i m. W. of North Moat. The peaks, having been burned over, are now mostly bare ledges, interspersed with spruce growth 15 to 20 ft. high. The summit may be reached from the Glen-Bartlett road via the path to Little Attitash (see p. 250). This is followed to the point where it leaves the logging road. The route to West Moat continues along the logging road across Stony Brook. There is no sign at the point where the trail leaves the logging road, but the 250 BARTLETT AND CONWAY. spot is well indicated by the entrance of a road from the L. A big beech at the junction, on the R. of the trail, contains directions scratched in the bark. At various forks of the trail other trees are similarly marked. In general, the best of the roads are followed. Upon reaching the top of the ridge the trail bears to the R. and follows logging roads to the top. West Moat can also be reached from North Moat alon^ the connecting ridge over ledges and through dense growth. These mountains, having been lum- bered and burned over, are in such condition that travel- ing is difficult and exceedingly slow. Mt. Attitash or Little Attitash. Mt. Attitash (2,445 ft.) (Little Attitash of the govern- ment map) is a north spur of Moat Mountain, being joined to North Moat by a long curving ridge, whence Humphrey's Ledge projects northeast into the Saco Valley. The views from the summit are very fine, in- cluding Mt. Carrigain, the Mt. Washington and Carter Ranges. The path was constructed by Dr. Frederick Tucker- man and Mr. A. B. Hubbard. It leaves the Glen- Bartlett highway at the schoolhouse 2 m. E. of Bart- lett or 4 m. W. of Glen, and follows the Stony Brook logging road on the W. bank % m. At this point the path crosses the brook (last sure water). The path then ascends steeply to the crest of the ridge, which it follows to the summit. Attitash Brook is about 200 yds. to the L. of the path up the crest, and at times of high water the falls are very beautiful. Not infrequently water will be found at the summit close against the rock bearing the cairn. The path is now m poor condition from lumbering and lack of care. Distances. Highway to brook crossing % m.; to summit 23^ m. BARTLETT AND CONWAY. 251 Times. Highway to brook crossing 30 min.; to summit 2^ hrs. Attitash may now be reached by a trail (blazed only, about 1917), which leaves the North Moat Path i^ m. from Diana's Baths, near where the Moat Path leaves the logging road and turns sharply up hill. From this point follow the road beside the stream for one minute, cross and walk up stream along the N. bank three minutes to a sign and blaze on the R, Follow the blazes carefully to the summit ledges. On reaching them, note carefully where the path leaves or it is likely to be lost in descending. To connect with the Stony Brook Path to Bartlett go S.W. to a big boulder. Here the cairns will be found leading down to the S.W. Distance. From stream ij^ m. Time, ij/^ hrs. White Horse and Cathedral Ledges. These ledges are semi-detached bluffs covered with trees except on their eastern faces. From the summit of either ledge beautiful views are obtained of the broad intervale of the Saco Valley from Thorn Mountain to Centre Conway, with the mountain background of Mts. Doublehead and Pequawket, the Green Hills and other peaks. The Bryce Path. This path was laid out by Viscount James Bryce (then British Ambassador) during his stay in Intervale in 1907, and connects with the path from Diana's Baths to Cathedral Ledge. The path begins at the fork of the road about ^ m. S. of Lucy Farm on the road W. of the Saco River. It is a well marked road to the entrance to the woods at the base of the ledges. The path leaves the road at 252 BARTLETT AND CONWAY. the sugar house, turning to the R. After lo or 15 min. of steep climbing the path forks (sign), the R. leading to Cathedral Ledge (1,145 ft.) and the L. to White Horse Ledge (1,455 ft.). After leaving the fork both paths run through young growth, very thick, in which the path can only be followed by blazes on very small trees and the worn footway. Distances. Intervale, via foot bridge, to Lucy Farm i^ m.; to fork in the road 23^ m.; to summit 3 m. North Conway to fork in the road 2 m. Bart- lett to fork in the road 93^ m. Times. Intervale, via foot bridge, to Lucy Farm 35 min.; to fork in the road 45 min.; to summit 2 hrs. North Conway to fork in the road 45 min. Bartlett to fork in the road 33^ hrs. Pitman Arch Path. The path leaves the highway on the W. side of the Saco River 1I4, m. N. of Lucy Farm (see p. 244), from close beside a small wooden building bearing a sign, and follows the old toll road to Pitman Arch. Humphrey's Ledge. The path, much overgrown, leaves the highway at the same point as the Pitman Arch Path, follows the remains of an old carriage road and, swinging to the L., ascends by easy grades to the Ledge. The Baker Path. This path leaves the highway on the W. side of Saco River J^ m. N. of Lucy Farm (see p. 244) and follows a cart- way through pine woods. It soon turns to the R. and ascends between two humps, and then a few steps to the N.E. to the peak of a hump, the highest point on the path, with a fine view. It then passes N. of E. to the final ledge and connects with the old road on the N. side, leading to Pitman's Arch. There is a BARTLETT AND CONWAY. 253 spring about half-way up the path. From the col be- tween the two humps mentioned, Dolloff Bluff can be reached by turning to the L. (S.W.) and following up over the ledges. DolloflE Bluflf. This is a bare ledge on the lower part of the long spur running N.E. from Mt. Attitash, S.W. of and higher up than Humphrey's Ledge. The Bluff can be reached from Bartlett by the path up Cow Brook or by following up the ledges S.W. from the point where the Baker Path to Humphrey Ledge turns to the N.E. The path from Bartlett leaves the highway on the S. side of the Saco River 4^ m. E. of Bartlett, }i m. after it crosses Cow Brook and about 3^ m. E. of the bridge over the Saco on the road from Glen station to Bartlett. Entering the field opposite the cellar- hole of the old Dolloff house, the path turns sharply to the R. and follows a cart-road and fence (on the R.) a short distance, then swings to the L., crosses a brook (generally dry) where a sign "Path" is placed, still keeps to the L. and follows the road to an open field. Keeping close to the woods on the L., where large cairns are placed, it follows a logging road, clear and open, to a path sign on the L., from which point the path is blazed to the Bluff. Water can always be found about half-way up the path. Distance. Highway to Bluff 1.2 m. Time. Highway to Bluff i hr. Mt. Tremont. Mt. Tremont (3,365 ft.) shows many different as- pects as seen from different directions. The summit ridge has been swept by fire and is bare. By using logging roads the ascent may be made from Livermore. The roads described are now badly overgrown, and can 254 BARTLETT AND CONWAY. be followed only with difficiilty. The view from the summit is fine, overlooking the Saco Valley and the Albany Intervale. Description. The path follows the logging rail- road in a S.W. direction from Livermore 1 3^ m. to a plain logging road on the L., leading S. and S.E. to Sawyer Pond, which is distant from the railroad about I % m. A few hundred yards before reaching the pond the path follows the logging road on the L. leading N.E. between Sawyer Pond and a small pond hole. This road with its extension will be found to ascend rapidly the S.E. side of the S.W. spur overhanging the pond. Following the road to its end, the path then works up the slope to the main ridge, which leads from N. to S. Following up this ridge in a S. direction through woods, then through bushes and over several ledgy humps, the bare main summit (at the S. end of the ridge) is reached. There is an A. M. C. cylinder on the summit. In descending, instead of returning by the route de- scribed, one can strike straight down the cliffs on the S.E. side, soon finding and following down a branch of Douglas Brook between Owl Cliff and Mt. Silver Spring (Bartlett Haystack) until the lumber railroad and Douglas Brook are reached and crossed, the Bear Mountain Notch Path being found not far to the E. of Douglas Brook. Distances. Livermore to logging road i3^ m.; to fork of road near Sawyer Pond 3M m-l to summit of Mt. Tremont 53^ m. Times. Livermore to logging road 45 min.; to fork of road near Sawyer Pond i hr. 45 min.; to summit of Mt. Tremont 4 to 5 hrs. Another route to the summit of Mt, Trem.ont is to go around the S. shore of Sawyer Pond. Here a slide can be followed nearly to the top. BARTLETT AND CONWAY. 255 Owl Cliff. (2,950 ft.), lies just S. of Mt. Tremont. It is covered with a thick low growth and there are no paths. It can probably be ascended through the woods from the S.W., from the Rob Brook Trail, or from the N.E. from the head of the W. branch of Douglas Brook. Mt. Silver Spring. This mountain (2,995 ft.), otherwise known as Mt. Revelation or Bartlett Haystack, lies E. of Mt. Tre- mont. It has no well defined paths, but can easily be ascended from Bartlett by the experienced woods- man from the height of land in Bear Mountain Notch (1,760 ft.). The return may be made down the E. side of the W. spur to the highway 2 m. W. of Bartlett. There is a fine view from the summit, particularly of the Albany Intervale, that well repays the climb. The northern humps can be reached by a path from Silver Spring Cottage. Distances. Bartlett to Bear Mountain Notch 3 m.; to summit 43/^ m. Times. Bartlett to Bear Mountain Notch 2 hrs.; to summit 3 3^ hrs. Swift River Trail. The Swift River Trail leaves the Albany Intervale road a short distance above the Swift River Inn and follows the roadbed of the main line of the abandoned logging R. R. about 4 m. to its end at a logging camp. The trail here merges into the main logging road. About 100 yards beyond the abandoned railhead, the Waterville Cut-off diverges to the L. The main trail follows the logging road to Camp 6, on the line of the Sawyer River lumber railroad. From Camp 6 it climbs over the divide between Mts. Kancamagus and Huntington and down to the headwaters of the Han- 256 BARTLETT AND CONWAY. cock Branch of the East Branch of the Pemigewasset. At a point 3 m. down from the divide it reaches the remains of Henry's lumber railroad, which can easily be followed to Lincoln and North Woodstock. This trail is well supplied with water and the grades are easy. For reverse route Section XVI. See below for distances. Caution. The crossing of the East Branch at the mouth of the Hancock Branch is difficult and often impossible in times of high water. Con- sequently for several years no work has been done on this trail W. of Camp 6. Livermore Trail. This path, sometimes known as the American Insti- tute of Instruction Path, leads from Camp 6 S.W. over the divide between Mt. Kancamagus and North Tri- pyramid and down to Elliot's Hotel, Waterville. From Cam.p 6 one can also follow the lumber railroad N.E. to Livermore and Sawyer River Station. For a full description of this trail see Waterville section. Distances (approximate). Swift River Inn (Site of Passaconaway House) to Camp 6, 6 m.; Camp 6 to Henry's railroad 7 m.; to Lincoln 13 to 14 m. Camp 6 to Waterville (via Institute Path) 7^ m- Camp 6 to Livermore (via railroad) 6 m.; to Sawyer River Station y^m. Waterville Cut-off. This trail diverges to the L. from the Swift River trail about 100 yards W. of the end of the abandoned logging railway. It follows logging roads through low country for nearly a mile to the end of the logging where it enters the woods and in a few feet crosses the former location of the Swift River Trail. It then rises steadily through hardwood growth, bears to the BARTLETT AND CONWAY. 257 R. and enters the Livermore Trail 53^ ni. from Water- ville. It shortens the distance from Albany to Water- ville by about 2 m. compared with the route via Camp 6. Distance. 23^^ m. Time. i3^ hrs. Bear Mountain Notch Path. This path, which leads from Bartlett to Albany, was opened in 1905 and adopted as an A. M. C. path. It has recently been assumed by the U. S. F. S. The path is an important link in a series of trails from Wonalancet to the Presidential Range. The trail starts from the southern end of the road which crosses the railroad tracks at Bartlett Station and runs through the mills and the straggling mill settlement. At its end a sign will be found on the R. indicating the beginning of the path. It leads up and down over easy grades to Louisville Reservoir and the crossing of Louisville Brook. Continuing to the R. Albany Brook is next crossed and the trail follows a clearly defined path, ascending gradually at first and later more abruptly, to the first crossing of Bear Mountain Brook. About 3^ m. beyond the latter the trail reaches the bed of the old Bartlett & Albany logging railroad. This is the height of land, being ap- proximately 1,000 feet above Bartlett. For a short distance the trail follows the old railroad bed, a most attractive location. It then turns L. and follows a branch of Douglas Brook to a small clearing where it crosses the brook itself. It continues along the R. bank of Douglas Brook for 0.3 m. and then crosses again. It proceeds by easy grades through an old lumber camp to a third crossing of Douglas Brook, thence across an open pasture, along the old railroad bed to the crossing of Swift River. At present, the 258 BARTLETT AND CONWAY. river must be forded here, but the U. S. F. S. proposes to construct a suspension bridge in the summer of 1920. The Albany highway will be reached shortly S. of the river. Distances. Bartlett Post Office to beginning of trail 0.5 m.; to Reservoir 1.4 m..; to Bear Mt. Brook 2.5 m.; to railroad bed 3.1 m..; leave railroad bed 3.4 m.; to Douglas Brook 4.4 m.; to old cam.p site 5.2 m.; to Swift River 6.7 m..; to highway 7 m.. Times. To beginning of trail 15 m.in.; to Reservoir 45 rnin.; to Bear Mt. Brook i hr. 30 min.; to railroad bed I hr. 50 min.; leave railroad bed 2 hrs.; to Douglas Brook 2 hrs. 30 m.in.; to old camp site 2 hrs. 50 min.; to Swift River 3 hrs. 35 min.; to highway 3 hrs. 45 min. From the junction of this trail with the Albany highway the northern ends of th* BoUes Trail and the Champney Falls Trail are i m. to the E. The northern end of the Oliverian Brook Trail to Wonalancet via Paugus Pass is 1.2 m. to the W. Swift River Inn is 2 m. to the W. Table and Bear Mountains. Table Mountain (2,663 ft.) lies west of Moat Moun- tain. Bear Mountain lies west of and adjoining Table Mountain. It has several peaks (3,230 ft., 3,180 ft. and 3,050 ft.) and the slopes are steep. Both moun- tains have been lumbered to the top and there are no paths. They are reported as accessible from the Bear Mountain Notch Path by lumber roads, but the travel- ing is hard. Albany— Sawyer Pond Trail. The U. S. Forest Service trail leaves the Albany Intervale about Y^ m. E. of the Swift River Inn, the point being marked by a sign. In yi m. it crosses BARTLETT AND CONWAY. 259 Swift River, continues N.W. and passes over a divide E. of Green Cliff. It soon descends more to the N. reaching the W. side of Sawyer Pond, where it meets the trail from Livermore (see p. 256). Distance about 5 m. Time, 2]/^ hrs. The old Rob Brook Trail to Albany leaves the S.E. corner of the Pond, but is obscure and cannot be recommended. Mts. Parker, Langdon, Pickering and Stanton, These mountains, which make the southern extremity of the Montalban Ridge, lie between the valley of the Saco River and Razor Brook and that of the Rocky Branch River. There are paths to the summits of Mts. Parker, Langdon and Stanton, but they are in poor condition. Mt. Parker. Some years ago a trail was built from Mt. Langdon to Mt. Parker. It left the Mt. Langdon path just below the summit on a level place at about 2,000 ft. elevation. From here it dropped down into the col N.W. of Lang- don, ran to the N. and W. of an unnamed hum.p (2,190 ft.), and finally ascended the ridge to the sum- mit of Parker. This trail is said to be now in poor condition and is superceded by the new U. S. F. S. path described in the Montalban Ridge section. Mt. Langdon. Mt. Langdon (2,410 ft.) lies S.E. of Mt. -Parker. The path starts from the road on the N. bank of the Saco at Bartlett. Take the road leading N. from the town, cross the river by the iron bridge and turn to the R. for a short distance to the Yates farm. The path starts directly opposite the house, close by the farm buildings. It crosses the pasture, unmarked except that it keeps close to a trench containing a water-pipe. 26o BARTLETT AND CONWAY. It crosses a stream, enters the woods and becomes a well-marked foot-path. It rises rather rapidly and about half way up the mountain (about i,6oo ft.) passes near a ledge from which there is a fine outlook. Continuing the ascent, the path approaches the col between Mt. Langdon and its first westerly shoulder where the path to Mt. Parker diverges to L. The main path turns to the R. and soon reaches the sum- mit, which is wooded and the view partly obstructed. This path is reported to be in poor condition. The easterly cliffs can easily be reached from the summit by any one accustomed to traveling in the woods without trails. Through the trees to the N. W. will be seen a large flat ledge. If one descends through the woods to this point, continues across it and bears to the R. beyond, he will come out at the top of the bare, rounded cliffs which are such a prom- inent feature of the mountain as seen from Jericho and the Rocky Branch valley. Continuing along the top of the cliffs in a N. direction until they are passed, one can easily descend through the woods to a logging road. The latter, followed down to the R., leads to the bed of the old Rocky Branch logging railroad and beyond it to the river, on the further bank of which the road will be found. Follow this down stream to the R. for Jericho. Distances. Bartlett Station to Yates' i m,; to outlook 2 m.; to summit 3}^ m. Times. Bartlett Station to Yates' 20 min.; to out- look I hr. 20 m.; to summit 2 hrs. 15 min. Mt. Pickering. Mt. Pickering (1,945 ft.) has no path. Its low sum- mit can, however, be reached from the E. end of the road N. of the Saco River at Bartlett (see p. 259), or BARTLETT AND CONWAY. 261 from the Rocky Branch above Jericho. The latter route is perhaps the easier. At Jericho cross Allen's Bridge (see p. 228) and con- tinue up the roadway (W.) on the further bank until the ridge making N. from Mt. Pickering is passed. Then turn to the L. up the "hopper" toward the sum- mit. There are some old wood roads, but they are so overgrown as to be of little help, and one must make his way up through rather thick woods to the top. There is a fair view to the E. and N. from ledges near the summit. From Mt. Pickering it is easy to follow the ridge slightly to the S. of E. to Mt. Stanton. The only difficulty is part way down Mt. Pickering, where there are two short, rocky ridges ending in low but sharp ledges. It is best to keep between them. Water will be found in the col between Mts. Stanton and Picker- ing, but it fails in dry weather. Mt. Stanton. Mt. Stanton (1,725 ft.) is the end of the Montalban Ridge. It terminates in the magnificent cliff known as White's Ledge, which towers about i ,000 ft. above the river. Its summit is covered with a sparse growth of hard pine, which makes a picturesque foreground for a series of charming views of the Saco Valley. It deserves to be more frequently visited. The path is hard to follow owing to numerous branch- ings and is reported to be in poor condition. It leaves the Bartlett road about 2 m. W. of Glen Station, just N. of the covered bridge across the Saco. It follows W . along a wood road parallel with the river to a small clearing. The logging road leaves this clear - ing on the R. near its further end. In a short distance it reaches a place where the soil has been dug away on the L, Three logging roads branch off here. The 262 BARTLETT AND CONWAY. path takes the middle one, nearly at a right angle. This should be followed until a path branches off on the R. (sign "To White's Ledge"). Some distance above a branch to the R. bears a sign reading "To Big Boulder." Keep to the L. here, following the sign reading "To White's Ledge." About half way from the base to the summit the path comes into another, running at right angles to it. Here turn to the L. for a few yards and then to the R. again, and the path is perfectly clear for the rest of the way. In descending, one should take care not to follow a lead which branches to the L. soon after leaving the summit. Distance. Highway to summit 2 m. Time. Highway to summit i hr. 30 min. Another path to Mt. Stanton starts at Stillings farm on the Jericho road about 33^ m. from Glen ,^tation. Gave Mountain. Cave Mountain (1,335 ft.) Is remarkable for the cave near its top, a shallow opening formed by the disintegration of a soft granite bearing above it a harder rock. There is a fine view from it. It is easily reached from Bartlett by the road which runs N. from the town and crosses the Saco River on the iron bridge. From the bridge the path leaves the road at the turn immediately ahead. The path is very indefinite, but the cave is plainly visible across the open pasture and one can make directly to it, up the hill. A faint trail to the R. of the cave leads by a short scracnble to the top of the cliff in which the cave is located. The top of the mountain is wooded. Distances. Bartlett to cave i m.; to top i3^ m. Time. Bartlett to cave 45 min.; to top i hr. BARTLETT AND CONWAY. 263 Hart's Ledge. Hart's Ledge is a fine cliff situated in the bend of the Saco River just above Bartlett. It rises more than 1,000 ft. above the meadows at its foot and affords commanding views to the north, south and west. There is no path, but its top is easily reached. From Bartlett take the road leading N., cross the iron bridge to the N. bank of the Saco and turning W. proceed about 2 m. to the last house, that of John C. Cobb, directly across the ford from Sawyer's Rock. Just beyond the house a lane leads over the railroad tracks. Immediately beyonji the latter an obscure cart-path turns to the L. and should be followed for about ^ m. through a series of pastures. In this way one gets well beyond the inaccessible line of crags and finds an easy line of ascent, to the W. of and beyond them. Give them plenty of leeway. The boundary line of the National Forest passes just N. of the top of Hart's Ledge and is marked by red blazes and a single line of barbed wire. The ledge can also be reached from Cobb's by keep- ing along the right hand fence, after crossing the rail- road as described above. Another wood road will be found leading back to a pasture, from which the ravine E. of the principal crag can be ascended. At the top of this .ravine bear to the W. or S.W. around to the crags. Whichever route is chosen, there is no water beyond the brooks which are found in both pastures. Distances. Bartlett to Cobb's 23^ m.; to top of ledge 43^ m. Times. Bartlett to Cobb's i hr.; to top of ledge 23^ hrs. SECTION XII. Mt. Carrlgain Region. In the A. M. C. Guide of 1907 it was stated that the region about the headwaters of the East Branch of the Pemigewasset contained one of the largest tracts of virgin forest in New England. Since that date most of this fine timber has fallen before the lumberman and the last remaining stand of any considerable size, that on the North Fork, is in process of destruction. Ac- cordingly, while the following descriptions are based on the latest information in the hands of the writers, it is impossible to speak with certainty, since lumbering causes such rapid changes in conditions. In 1906 the A. M. C. opened about twenty miles of blazed trails radiating from the North Fork about a mile above the East Branch, knov/n as North Fork Junction. Lumbering operations have so changed conditions that the whole region around the junction of these streams is now known as North Fork Junction. From here trails lead up the Fork by Thoreau Falls and out by way of Zealand Notch, or by Ethan Pond to Willey House Station; up Mt. Bond and over the Twin Range to the Twin Mountain House; down the East Branch by the lumber railway and so out to North Woodstock; up the East Branch and out through Carrigain Notch to Livermore and Sawyer River Station. See L. F. Cutter's map of the Mt. Washington Range included with this guide. Ethan Pond Trail. This is 3 trail leading from the W'illey Range Trail to North Fork Junction via Ethan Pond and Thoreau Falls. Ethan Pond (2,850 ft.), (Willey Pond) named for its discoverer, Ethan Allen Crawtord, is a beautiful mountain tarn lying S.W. of the summit of Mt. Willey (264) MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. 265 (see p. 286) and for that reason is sometimes called Willey Pond. The region is noted for its blueberries. Thoreau Falls, named in honor of Henry D. Thoreau, the poet-naturalist, are a series of cascades extending along the North Fork for a distance of 3^ m. The lowest falls are much the steepest and most interesting, and are easily reached from the Ethan Pond Trail. Description. The trail leaves the Willey Range Trail about i3^ m. from Willey House Station (sign). It climbs steadily to the height of land passing at a red boundary post from the N. H. State Reservation into the National Forest, continues without much grade past water, and bearing to the R. enters a broad logging road, in which there is a well-worn footway. This road is followed steadily down hill past Ethan Pond, to the lower end of which a path di- verges sharply to the R. About }4 m. beyond, the trail passes through an old lumber camp and in an- other % m., just beyond the Bethlehem-Lincoln town boundary (also the present National Forest Boundary), diverges to the R. from the lumber road, the latter curving steadily to the L. to Shoal Pond, whence it can be followed down beside Shoal Pond Branch to the abandoned railway location on the East Branch. The Ethan Pond trail continues about 3^ m. across the lumbered waste, marked with targets and Path signs, until it merges into the bed of a spur of the old Zealand Notch loggmg railway. It follows this spur and the main line (all rails removed) to the point where the railway crossed the North Fork on its way to Zealand Notch. The bare, scarred peaks forming the walls of the Notch are plainly visible across the river. Near this point on the North Fork there is a Geological Survey dam to measure the flow of water. The path does not cross the stream but diverges to the L. from the railway bed and is indicated as clearly 266 MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. as possible by mowing through blueberry bushes, by blazes on the dead tree trunks still standing, by tar- gets and by sawed windfalls. It keeps, in the main, neai the edge of the bluff above the stream, passes within sight of the brook at Thoreau Falls and, op- posite a fresh slide on the N.W. bank, merges into the old trail in virgin forest. It now descends steeply, then more gradually. A good camp site on the trail, known as Camp Sweetwater, is near this point. The wooded bluffs now come close to the river bank on either side, but soon recede, the remaining distance to the Junction being fairly level. About 3 m. above the Junction the logging railway is reached at Camp 23 and the railway is followed down past Camp 22 to its crossing of the East Branch. Continuing on the railway a few rods beyond this point a fork of the rail- way to the W. crosses the East Branch and leads up the W. side of the North Fork. This is the route to Mt. Bond and the Twin Range (p. 290). Continuing about 100 yards further down the railway, a trail di- verges to the L. near a building (signs) and, marked by targets, leads in a few hundred yards (crossing a spur track on the way) to the main railway up the East Branch which is here quite a distance Irom the stream. Turning to the L. up this railway is the route to Car- rigain Notch (p. 272). The two forks of the railwa}^ unite about 3^ m. VV. whence they may be followed down to Lincoln (p. 312). Distances. Willey House Station to Ethan Pond Trail ij/^ m.; to Ethan Pond 23^ m.; to point of leaving Zealand Notch R. R. 43/^ m.; to Thoreau Falls 5 m.; to North Fork Junction 10 m. Times. Willey House Station to Ethan Pond Trail I hr.; to Ethan Pond 2 hrs.; to point of leaving Zea- land Notch R. R. 3 hrs. 15 min.; to Thoreau Falls 4 hrs.; to North Fork Junction 7 hrs. MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. 267 Zealand Notch. West of the Rosebrook Range and separating it from Mt. Hale of the Twin Range, are Zealand Notch and the Zealand River, the latter a branch of the Am- monoosuc. Through the bottom of the valley a lumber railroad leading through Zealand Notch to Shoal Pond formerly existed. The rails have been removed and a succession of forest fires has been destroying every- thing of an inflammable character, the road-bed being now the only evidence left. Description. The old railroad bed can be reached as follows: Where the highway first crosses the Boston & Maine R. R. east of Twin Mountain Village, take a fork to the R. which leads through a field and imme- diately crosses the Ammonoosuc. Even if there is a bar across the bridge, or other sign that the road is impassable for teams, it should be followed. In about 30 min. the road crosses the Zealand River just before a steep pitch, and the old railroad bed may be seen on the W. bank of the river at the R. of the road. It is, however, so choked at this point with cherry growth that it is probably better to proceed as follows: Con- tinue on the road across the river, up the hill and along the plateau about 15 min. more until the road descends to a ruined bridge over the Ammonoosuc. Here a well defined path turns ofif sharply to the R., ascends to the plateau, crosses it diagonally back S.W. and in about 15 min. drops to the old railroad beds, here on the E. bank. The railroad location must now be fol- lowed closely the entire distance through Zealand Notch. The trail soon crosses to the W. bank and after a while Zealand Falls will be heard, but not seen, from the path. They are formed by a drop of the river over a ten-foot precipice, and are worth a visit. The railroad bed can also be reached from the Mt. Pleasant House by*the Mt. Echo Trail, following it to 268 MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. a sign "Mts. Rosebrook and Oscar," about }^ m. below the summit of Mt. Echo.. Here turn to the R. and proceed in a W. direction ^ m. Leave this path on the L. by a rough, obscure trail about i m. long, marked by infrequent blazes, leading down the W. slope to Mt. Tom Brook, which is followed down to Zealand River. The trail and the railroad bed will be found on the opposite (W.) bank about ^ m. below Zealand Falls. This method of approach is not recommended. Above the Falls the railroad crosses the river more and more frequently, and in about 3 hrs.from the time of starting on it Zealand Pond is seen on the R. In front rise the bare, fire-scarred walls of Zealand Notch, on the E. side of which the railroad passed. Here the road-bed has been alternately buried and carried away by slides. Emerging from the Notch, the road bears to the L. and soon crosses the North Fork of the East Branch of the Pemigewasset. It then joins the Ethan Pond Trail, about 3^'m. E. of Thoreau Falls, on which, continuing toward the E., the main Central R. R. can be reached at \^'illey House Station in about 3 hrs. The old railroad itself, soon bearing to the S.E., in about }i m. reaches Shoal Pond. fSee p. 265.) The walk along this abandoned railroad gives ex- ceedingly interesting views of a desolate country, little visited except by fishermen and berry pickers. On account of its steady grade and even footing it is very easy in proportion to its length, but no one should attempt it unless skilled in following the signs that indicate an old railroad bed. On the reverse route the, railway is particularly blind just N. of where it crossed the North Fork. Distances. Twin Mountain Village to Zealand Pond 9 m.; to North Fork Trail iiK m.; to Shoal Pond 12 m. MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. 269 Times. Twin Mountain Village to Zealand Pond 4hrs.;to North Fork Trail 5^ hrs.; to Shoal Pond 5}4 hrs. Mt. Carrigain. Mt. Carrigain (4,647 ft.), occupying as it does so central a position, commands a view considered by many the finest in the White Mountains. The first path was cut by the A. M. C. in 1879. This path was afterwards (1898) relocated by the Club, which still maintains it. Two prominent spurs project from the mountain mass, Vose Spur (3,855 ft.) toward the E., forming the westerly wall of Carrigain Notch, and Signal Ridge (4,400 ft.) toward the S., over a portion pf which the path leads. (See Appalachia, Vol. II, p. 108, and Vol. IX, p. 99.) Philip Carrigain, for whom the mountain was named, was Secretary of State from 1 805- 1 8 10. His most notable work was a map of New Hampshire, published in 1816. Description. Leave the train at Sawyer River Station on the Maine Central R. R. and follow road or logging railroad about i ^ m. to Livermore, a lumber village. The way leaves the village across the track from the store and follows a wide lumber road N. of Sawyer River past the little red schoolhouse and an old barn, just beyond which the first path sign appears. In 15 to 20 min. Whiteface Brook is crossed on the ruins of a lumber bridge. For the next 15 min. the road follows within sight and sound of the brook, rising grad- ually. The path then becomes more level and bears to the L., leaving Whiteface Brook and becoming very wet and boggy. At 2]/i va. from Livermore the Carrigain Notch Trail leaves on the R., marked by a sign (see p. 271), and the road soon crosses Carrigain Brook. It then follows up a gradual slope, and in 20 min. from the fork the ruins of Camp 5 are reached, a good camp 270 MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. site near a brook. The road is followed directly past the camp, beyond which it rises more steeply and soon swings to the L. It follows the main logging road up the S. side of a valley through a region devastated by luro.bering, the way, however, being perfectly plain. High up the road slabs the head of the valley, and when well across it the trail (marked by an inconspicuous sign) diverges to the L. About lOO yards above this point the trail turns L. into another old logging road for a short distance and then turns R. again. It soon enters the virgin growth and shortly comes into the open at the crest ot Signal Ridge. This ridge is clear of trees and affords unrivalled views in all directions, the sheer cliffs of Mt. Lowell across Carrigain Notch being perhaps the most prominent object. From Signal Ridge the path again enters the trees and as- cends sharply, passing near the cabin of the State fire warden and emerging in about 20 min. on the wooded summit of the mountain. A tripod affords an outlook over the low trees. Water ma}^ be obtained from a well 'dug by the fire warden. Distances. Saw^^er River Station to Livermore i^ m.,; to Carrigain Notch Trail 3^^ m..; to Camp 5, 43/^ m,.; to Signal Ridge 6 m..; to summ.it 6^ m. Times. Sawyer River Station to Livermore % hr.; to Camp 5, 2 hrs. 30 min.; to Signal Ridge 4 hrs. 30 min.; to summit 5 hrs. The mountain can also be climbed from the Liver- more Trail, leaving the latter at "The Switch" (see p. 327) . Follow the railroad N. to the old camp (j/g m.) , cross Sawyer River and follow the lumber road which leads up the E. bank of the brook between Mts. Car- rigain and Hancock. In about 3^ m. the road crosses to the W. side of the brook and, about ^ m. beyond, a prominent R. fork crosses again to the E., the junc- tion being marked by blazes on some small trees. MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. 271 Cross here (last water) and then strike up hill (no path) about N.N.E. for a strip of spruce which runs up to the tip of the prominent shoulder of Signal Ridge (3,970 ft.)- Near the brook the new growth is thick, but the woods soon become open, and although the grade Is steep the going is excellent. From the end of Signal Ridge a rough spotted- trail can be followed up the ridge to the A. M. C. path from Livermore which climbs the ridge much further N. Distances. Livermore Trail to point of leaving lumber roads il4, m.; to end of Signal Ridge 2^ m.; to A. M. C. path 33^ m.; to summit 3^ m. Times. Livermore Trail to point of leaving lumber roads i hr.; to end of Signal Ridge 2% hrs. ; to A. M. C. path 33^ hrs.; to summit 3^^ hrs. Garrigain Notch TraiL This trail was opened by the A. M. C. in the spring of 1906 to serve as a connecting link between its Mt. Garrigain Path on the S. and the Twin Range and Ethan Pond Trails at their junction on the North Fork of the East Branch of the Pemigewasset (see p. 264). The trail also serves as a convenient approach from either the N. or the S. for the ascent of Mts.- Lowell, Anderson, Nancy and Bemis. At the North Fork Junction connection is' made with the Ethan Pond Trail leading to Crawford Notch at Willey House Station (Maine Central R. R.) or down the East Branch by Henry's lumber railroad to North Wood- stock. Description. The trail leaves the Mt. Garrigain Path just before reaching Garrigain Brook (seep. 269), and leads in a N.W. direction through a region recently logged by the Sawyer River Lumber Co. Logging roads are followed, with gradual ascent, crossing Garri- gain Brook, keeping along the base of Mt. Garrigain 272 MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. and leading through Carrigain Notch. About i m. from Mt. Carrigain Path, the road passes a lumber camp and at the height of land, i3^ m. further, there is a good camping spot at the base of Mt. Lowell on the E. side of the Notch, at Wild Duck Pond. This point is only about five or six hundred feet in altitude above the point of divergence of the Mt. Carrigain Path. Within a few feet after passing the height of land it comes into logging, and logging roads are at once found leading down N. to the old railroad bed. This can be followed to Lincoln if desired. Not far from the nth mile post a trail diverges to the R., crosses a spur track and joins the railway which leads up the N. Fork. This railway forks about lOO yards beyond, the L. fork leading to the Twin Range (p. 290) and the R. fork to Thoreau Falls and Ethan Pond (p. 266). To reach Carrigain Notch from North Fork Junction, follow the East Branch logging railway to the end of the rails and continue straight along the old road bed to a point wheie it forks about 3^ m,. beyond an old lumber camp. Take the R. fork leading directly toward the Notch (the L. fork being the route to Nor- cross Pond, see p. 274) and follow it a short distance to its end at an old loading platform. From this platform an A. M. C. target and sign are easily visible and the route to the Notch is clearly marked with signs. Distances: Sawyer River Station to Livermore iM rn.; to Carrigain Notch branch from Mt. Carrigain Path 2>Vi ni-J ^o Carrigain Notch 6^ ni-l to North Fork Junction 13}^ m. Times. Sawyer River Station to Livermore ^ hr.; to Carrigain Notch branch from Mt. Carrigain Path 2 hrs. 15 min.; to Carrigain Notch 4 hrs.; to North Fork Junction 8 hrs. 30 min. MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. 273 Mts. Lowell, Anderson, Nancy and Bemis. Mt. Lowell (3,730 ft.); Mt. Anderson (3,729 ft.); Mt. Nancy (3,810 ft.) and Mt. Bemis (3,708 ft.) are a group of peaks between Carrigain Notch and the Crawford Glen which form the watershed between the Saco and Pemigewasset Rivers. Formerly wooded peaks entirely without paths, they have now been lumbered almost to the sum.mit from both east and west, leaving in many places a m,ere fringe of trees along the crest of the ridge. Four little lakes lie in their midst, one E. of Anderson, the source of Whiteface Brook, a branch of Sawyer River; another, known as Norcross Pond, between Mts. Anderson and Nanc}^ the source of the Norcross branch of the East Branch of the Pemigewasset; and to the E. the third, Nancy Pond, the source of Nancy Brook, a branch of the Saco, bearing in its middle course won- derful waterfalls of great height, but little known on account of their inaccessibility; and the fourth between Mts. Nancy and Bemis, also draining into the Saco via Nancy Brook. Mts. Lowell and Anderson can best be ascended by leaving the Carrigain Notch Trail N. of the Notch and following logging roads to their end, after which strike up the slope without a path. The Livermore- Lincoln town boundary (a blazed line) follows the crest of the ridge from Lowell to Nancy and is probably easier walking if found. The summit of Mt. Lowell is quite open and the views are fine. Although the cliffs above Carrigain Notch have been climbed, only those skilled in rock climbing should attempt the feat. From the Lowell-Anderson col the summit of Mt. Anderson is reached in about ^ m. of steep climbing similar to that up Mt. Lowell. The A. M. C. cylinder is located on an outcropping ledge on the W. side of Mt. Anderson, near the line, 274 MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. v/hich before the lumbering was the only good view- point. There is also a cylinder on the highest point of Mt. Nancy, the trees around being spotted to aid in its location. The cones of Mts. Lowell, Anderson and Nancy are all steep. Mt. Bemis lies E. of the town boundary and has no very definite summit. The descent to the E. can be made down the steep S. shoulder to Nancy Brook through fine spruce growth and thence good logging roads can be taken out to the Maine Central R. R. a short distance below Bemis Station. (See Nancy Cascades.) The above range should be traveled only by those experienced in v/oodcraft. On account of the length of the trip cam.ping equipment is necessary. Distances. Carrigain Notch to Lowell-Anderson col 1 3^ m.; to summit of either Mt. Lowell or Mt. Anderson 234 m.; Mt. Anderson to Nancy Pond i3^ m.; to Mt. Nancy 234' ni.; to Mt. Bemis 4 m. Times. Carrigain Notch to Lowell-Anderson col 1% hrs.; to summit of either Mt. Lowell or Mt. Ander- son 23^ hrs.; Mt. Anderson to Nancy Pond i3€ hrs.; to Mt. Nancy 3 hrs.; to Mt. Bemis 5 hrs. Norcross Pond may be reached directly by following to its end the fork of the old railroad bed which di- verges to the E. about 2 m. N. of Carrigain Notch (see p. 272), then take main logging road toward the depression between Mts. Anderson and Nancy. From Norcross Pond Mt. Nancy can be reached by climbing to the L. (N.) and Mt. Anderson by climbing to the R. (S.W.) while Nancy Pond lies nearly E. just across the col. Distance. Junction of main logging railway bed to Norcross Pond about 3 m. These peaks can also be reached from Livermore by leaving the Mt. Carrigain Trail (see p. 269) about 1 3^ m. above the Mills and following lumber roads MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. 275 .ght up the valley of Whiteface Brook and over a sli .. divide to Nancy Pond, where a lumber camp was bu in 1908, Lumber roads from this canip extend we up on the S.W. side of Mt. Bemis, and the descent of the mountain to the pond by this means is easy. Distance. Livermore to Nancy Pond 5 m. Time. sH hrs. Nancy Cascades. These lofty falls on Nancy Brook were visited in 1883 by Albert Matthews, George A. Sargent and the late E. B, Cook, and are described in Appalachia, Vol. Ill, p. 281. By a logging road which ascends the brook to a point ^ m. below the falls they are now easily reached from the following points. From Bemis Station. Follow the highway S., passing the stone house built by Dr. Bemis and cross- ing the gorge of Nancy Brook, where a small cascade will be seen from the railroad bridge. At ^ m. from Bemis take a logging road to the W. Follow lumber roads up the brook as far as possible. About 2^ m. from Bemis near the junction of the main stream and N. branch is the boundary between Carroll and Grafton Counties, and here the lumbering ends. For the re- maining M m. to the cascades the bed of the brook must be followed through fine virgin growth of spruce and pine. A small branch brook entering from the N.W. is passed, and at 23^8 m. the confluence of two brooks of nearly equal size is reached. The cas- cades are on the brook which comes from the W. and is the main stream, as it is the one flowing from Nancy Pond. Following up this brook, the white water of the first cascade is soon seen. Another cascade is imm.ediately above, but cannot be seen from the foot of the first. The combined height of the two falls is nearly 200 ft. A little further up the 276 MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. brook is a third fall almost 50 ft. high, and from the top of this fall there is a view. Just above this fall is another, 25 ft. high. Above this fourth fall the brook is not steep, but flows gently over broad ledges of brown rock. Other falls, not more than 20 ft. high, are passed before Nancy Pond is reached. From the first cascade to the pond the distance is about % m. From Sawyer River Station. Follow the State highway N. %m. to Hawkins' camp, where the highway crosses the railroad. Near the camp is a spring. Enter the main logging road (across the railroad from the camp) and follow it N. to the junction with the route from Bemis described above. This junction is i3^ m. from Sawyer River Station. The remainder of the route is the same as from Bemis. Distances. From Bemis to first cascade 3 m.; Sawyer River Station to first cascade 33^ m. Mt. Hancock. Mt. Hancock (4,430 ft.) lies almost due W. of Mt. Carrigain to which it is joined by a high ridge. It is completely wooded and no paths exist. The view is most interesting despite the fact that it is usually necessary to climb a tree, as few outlooks have been cut. I. Mt. Hancock is reached most easily from the Lincoln — Swift River Trail. Cross the brook at the point where the trail leaves the old railroad bed and follow the railroad to the N. and E. under the shoulder of Mt. Huntington to the logging yards. Cross the brook to the N. and follow the main road N.E. At each fork take the branch nearer the stream; if one fork crosses the stream, take the other one. There are occasional arrows and old blazes. This route will lead to the foot of the slide so prominent from the S. and W. The slide is easily climbed and a blazed and partly cleared trail leads from the top of the slide to MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. 277 the summit. The foot of the slide makes a good camp- ing place, although water will be found higher up. Distances. Swift River Trail to foot of slide about 5 m.; to summit 53^ m. Times. To foot of slide 3 hrs. (the way is very badly overgrown); to summit 4 hrs. 2. Mt. -Hancock can also be reached from the sum- mit of Mt. Carrigain. Follow the Lincoln-Livermore line to the W. down to the col. Slowdowns are best avoided by dipping to the N. Carrigain Pond in this col is the only water between the summits, and al- though a tongue of lumbering has marred its beauty, the woods beyond make a good camping spot. From the pond follow the contour around the "nubble" to the N. until the col beyond is reached, and follow the town line to "B. M. 93" (noting sharp bends at "B. M. 87 and 88 ") and then strike up the ridge N.W. by W. to the summit. The Scarborough map is incorrect in marking the summit as at a bend in the town line; it is, in fact, about }/2 m. to the N. and W. of the line. Times. Mt. Carrigain to col i3^ hrs.; to Mt. Han- cock 5 to 6 hrs. 3. Mt. Hancock can also be ascended from the forks of the Pemigewasset. The main ridge coming down here is climbed in a S. direction. There are many different summits, and a final long slope. There is no water ^ and this way is not recommended. Time. About 6 hrs. from the forks. The most interesting trip is the traverse from Mt. Carrigain to the Swift River, or in the opposite di- rection. All these routes necessitate camping, and the times are for packs. Arethusa Fall. This fall, perhaps the highest single plunge in the .White Mountains, is on Bemis Brook i3>^ m. from the 278 MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. railroad. It was discovered about 1840 by Professor Edward Tuckerman, and received the name of Tucker- man Fall. Later the present name was given to it. The fall is now easily reached by a good path from the railroad section house near the bridge over Bemis Brook 2^ m. by the railroad from Bemis and 1% m. from Willey House Station. The section house can be reached also from the State highway by a cart-path about 3^ m. long, which leaves the highway a little N. of the bridge over Bemis Brook. Caution. In walking by the railroad track from Willey House Station it is better riot to walk over the Frankenstein Trestle, but rather to take the path below. Trains may approach unexpectedly, the course of the railroad making it impossible to see them until close at hand. Description. The path leaves the railroad through a gate in a high fence just S. of the section house and enters the woods by a blazed trail. It soon runs into a good logging road, which it follows for a long distance. About % m. from the railroad the path approaches the brook and the roar of the cascades is heard. One of these cascades is said to be 40 ft. high . and is worth visiting. A small branch brook is crossed, then another cascade is passed, and soon the path leaves the logging road and enters the bed of the brook, which it iollows 3^ m. to the foot of Arethusa Fall. The first view of this fall, from a bend in the brook some distance below, is very impressive. The water, after falling over rough rocks, plunges down a wide, steep smooth slope of yellowish granite, and then, after a slight further descent over rough rocks, is received in a small shallow rock basin. The forest setting adds to the beauty of the scene. The whole fall is about 140 ft. high. Its head is attained by a scrambling path S. of the stream. The MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. 279 view from the head is very fine. The Giant Stairs are seen over the winding valley of Bemis Brook, which flows between heavily wooded slopes with alternate overlapping ridges seen one behind another. Above the fall are rapids, where the brook flows over ledges of brownish granite. Distances. Arethusa Fall from railroad i^ m.; from highway i3^ m.; from Willey House Station 33^ m.; from Bemis 3^ m. Time. From railroad to fall i hr. 15 min. Ripley Fall. The falls on Avalanche Brook (then called Cow Brook) were visited and described in September, 1858, by Henry W. Ripley, who was told of their existence by a hunter. The lower fall, now called Ripley Fall, is about 100 ft. high and has a good setting of trees, though the woods on the N. have been damaged by fire. It is best visited soon after a rain, as in dry weather the brook is rather low. The fall, which is Y2 m. from Willey House Station, is easily reached by a path branching to the L. from the Willey Range Trail (see p. 286). This branch path is yi m. from the railroad station, follows a good logging road for }/i m. and then a blazed line in the woods to the foot of the fall. Returning to the logging road, the latter may be followed until it ap- proaches the brook, and the head of the fall can be reached by following down the brook past interesting rapids. To reach the upper falls, return to the logging road and follow it, soon crossing the brook and continuing up the E. bank. At Y^ m. from the station a branch stream enters on the opposite side of the brook. On the branch stream, beginning close to its junction with the main stream, is a series of five beautiful cascades (besides rapids and minor cascades), mainly in virgin 28o MT. CARRIGAIN REGION. woods. The highest of these falls is about 60 ft. high. An ill defined trail leads through the woods N. of the brook, but the falls are best seen by following up the bed of the brook itself. At the head of the cascades and rapids is the swampy plateau from which both branches of Avalanche Brook take their rise. Ripley Fall is wholly within the New Hampshire State Forest, but the upper cascades appear to be partly outside the State reservation, which might well be extended to preserve the forest setting of these beautiful falls. Distances. Willey House Station to Ripley Fall 3^ m.; to mouth of branch brook ^ m.; to head of upper cascades i m. TiAiES. From Willey House Station to head of upper cascades and return, with time to visit and enjoy all the falls, 23^ to 4^^ hrs. Frankenstein Cliff. This fine cliff juts out from the table-land W. of the Saco and S. of Mt. Willey. It is a prominent feature from the Crawford Notch State Road and from the railroad. The latter crosses Bemis Brook on the Frankenstein Trestle just S. of it. There are fine views to the Si and E. v/hich well repay the easy climb. There is no trail, but the cliff is easily reached by leaving the railroad about % m. S, of Willey House Station at a rock slide some 50 feet high. Bear well away from, the R. R. for about 15 m.in., so as to get on top of the upper line of cliffs and avoid som.e lower ones. Then slab around to the L. again and follow up the edge of the upper cliff. It is well to carry a compass, and of course inexperienced climbers should not depart from trails. The distance is about 2 m. from Willey House Station and the time about i3^ hrs. SECTION XIII. Rosebrook, Willey and Dartmouth Ranges. The Rosebrook Range, situated to the west of the Southern Peaks, is separated from them by the valley of the Ammonoosuc River and is bounded on the west b}'' the Zealand River. The range comprises Mt. Oscar (2,736 ft.), Mt. Rosebrook (2,960 ft.), Mt. Echo (3,020 ft.), with its spur Mt. Stickney (2,570 ft.). It may be considered as a continuation of the adjoining Willey Range, which includes Mt. Tom (4,040 ft.), Mt. Field (4,300 ft.), with its spurs, Mt. Avalon (3,432 ft.) and Mt. Willard (2,786 ft.), and Mt. Willey (4,261 ft.). For convenience in description Mt. Deception (3.700 ft.) of the Dartmouth Range is included in this section. Paths exist to the summits of Mts. Oscar, Rosebrook, Echo, Stickney, Avalon, Field and Willey, while Mt. Willard is reached by a steep carriage road. A trail exists to the summit of Mt. Tom from the Crawford House, but has been much neglected and is obscure. See R. E. Blakeslee's Pocket Contour Map of Bret- ton Woods and Vicinity (1903); also L. F. Cutter's Map of the Mount Washington Range included with this Guide. Mt. Echo. The bridle path, the usual way of ascending Mt. Echo, leaves the Maine Central R. R. directly in the rear of the Mt. Pleasant House (sign), bears to the rear of the cottage on the side of the mountain, and then to the L. It zigzags up the slope, crossing and recross- ing many times an old logging road, and passing through fine timber until the upper slopes are reached. The (281) 2S2 THE ROSEBROOK RANGE. entire top of the range was burned over In 1888 and the young growth of cherry, etc., ill conceals the blasted trunks still standing. The top of the ridge is waterless and sunny; the last sure water is found less than i m. up. The path from Mt. Stickney comes in on the L. (sign) about i m. up, and 3^ m. further on a path diverges to the R. (sign) to Mts. Rosebrook and Oscar. At the end of 1.9 m. the summit of Mt. Echo is reached, which commands from its W. outlook a comprehensive view of the Zealand Valley and Mt. Hale, both burned over in 1903, and from its S. outlook perhaps the most beauti- ful of all views of the Mount Washington Range. From Mt. Echo southward the path keeps on the crest of the approximately level range i m. over San Juan Hill with its view-point and continues down the further slope. Water is found 0.8 m. from Mt. Echo on a path to the R. a few steps, in a swamp containing a cold spring. Resuming, the path soon crosses through Hunter's Hollow, at which point the Coal Kiln Trail, a short cut to the railroad and Mt. Pleasant House (5 m. from Mt. Echo by this route), leaves on the L. The path then rises on the side of Mt. Tom and in skirting around it passes Stump Sprifig 2 m. from Mt. Echo, an ice-cold rill except in dry seasons, and a charming lunching place. At }/2 m. beyond this point the old spotted trail from Mt. Tom comes in on the R. and the path then descends the steep slope to the Mt. Avalon path above Pearl Cascade, thence out to Crawford's. This path is much easier If traversed in the direction described than in reverse. Distances. Mt. Pleasant House to Mt. Stickney Path I m.; to Mt. Echo 1.9 m.; to Stump Spring 4 m.; to Crawford's 6 m. THE ROSEBROOK RANGE. 283 Times. Mt. Pleasant House to Mt. Stickney Path 45 min.; to Mt. Echo i hr. 30 min.; to Stump Spring 2 hrs. 30 min.; to Crawford's 3 hrs. 45 min. Mts. Rosebrook and Oscar. Mts. Rosebrook and Oscar are best reached by the path leaving the Mt. Echo trail ij^ m. up, turning to the R. and marked by a sign. After a few minutes of nearly level walking, a sign "Zealand Valley Path,"* is passed, beyond which the path rises rapidly, with one or two loops, to the summit of Mt. Rosebrook, where there is a fire warden's station and an observation tower. The path continues over Mt. Rosebrook and descends along the ridge nearly i m. to the col E. of Mt. Oscar, and in a few minutes ascends to the bare summit of the latter. From this col a path diverges sharply to the E., slabbing gradually down the side of Mt. Rose- brook to Fabyan's and the Mt. Pleasant House. This furnishes the best method of return. Distances. Mt. Pleasant House to divergence from Mt. Echo Path 1.5 m.; to Mt. Rosebrook 2 m.; to Mt. Oscar branch 2.9 m.; to Mt. Pleasant House 5% m. Times. Mt. Pleasant House to Mt. Rosebrook i hr. 30 min.; to Mt. Oscar 2 hrs. Round trip 2 hrs. 45 min. Mt. Willard. This low peak (2,786 ft.), a spur of the Field-Tom group, is principally famous for its view of Crawford Notch. Its summit is a bare ledge overhanging the Notch and is reached by a well-kept carriage road *This path, leaving at a right angle toward the W., is said to offer the shortest route from Bretton Woods to the Zealand River Valley (see p. 267), but it is doubtful whether it can be followed very far. 284 THE ROSEBROOK RANGE. about 1.4 m. in length, which crosses the railroad near the station. A few rods below the summit a trail, unmarked by a sign, leaves the carriage road on the L. (E.) and de- scends to Hitchcock Flume, a deep cleft in the ledge. There is no path beyond, so the way must be retraced to the road. Mt. Avalon. Mt. Avalon, an offshoot of Mt. Field, is 3,432 ft. high and about 1,500 ft. above the Crawford House. The summit is clear and the view excellent. The path is maintained by the Crawford House m,anagement. The path is a continuation of the one to Beecher and Pearl Cascades, which starts from the Crawford House foot bridge over the railroad. It is a wide cinder path as far as Beecher Cascade, where it crosses from the S. to the N. bank of the stream on a foot bridge. Further up it passes Pearl Cascade and the Blue Bench, and then the Artist's View of Mt. Pleasant. Just beyond this point the path to the Rosebrook Range leaves on the R. Some distance further on, the path divides, the L. (S.) branch, which soon crosses to the S. bank of the brook, being the most direct route to the summit. The R. (N.) branch remains on the N. bank of the stream and goes to Camp Lookoff, from which a short trail leads directly across the stream and connects with the direct path. The path circles the mountain and approaches the summit from the W. side. It is quite steep in its upper part, but is everywhere in fine condition. Water is found in a little stream a short distance beyond the upper junc- tion of the direct and Camp Lookoff trails. In dry weather it is the last to be found directly on the path. Distances. From Crawford's to the summit about 2 m. THE ROSEBROOK RANGE. 285 Times. Crawford's to Beecher Cascade 5 min.; to Pearl Cascade 10 min.; to Artist's View 15 min.; to Rosebrook Range path 20 min.; to Camp Lookoff 40 min.; to summit i hr. 30 min. Willey Range Trail. In 1909 a trail was blazed by Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Cruickshank from Mt. Avalon over Mt. Field to Mt. Willey. In 1918 this was adopted as an A. M. C. path, and in 1919, with the trail up Mt. Willey from Willey House Station was designated the Willey Range Trail. The trip in either direction by this trail and the Mt. x'\valop Path between the Crawford House and Willey House Station is one of the most satisfactory day's walks in the mountains. Mt. Field. The trail leaves the Mt. Avalon path in a little de- pression just W. of the summit (sign), and soon begins to climb the side of the ridge. It swings to the L. when well up and reaches the summit of Mt. Field from the N.W. There is a vista through the woods on the summit toward Mt. Willey. Passing across this slight opening a sign indicates the continuation of the trail, which descends steadily to the base of the cone. It has been reached by logging at one or two points, but the way is indicated by path signs and targets. It then continues on the W. side of the ridge connecting Mts. Field and Willey and at one place, where it cir- cles a blowdown, is not easy to follow. It ascends Mt. Willey gradually, coming out indistinctly in the scrub on the W. side to the remarkable view-point a few yards W. of the summit. The descent to Willey House Station is indicated on the next page. The trail is through beautiful woods substantially the entire distance. The blazes should be followed very carefully. 286 THE ROSEBROOK RANGE. Distances. Mt. Avalon to Mt. Field i m.; to Mt. Willey 2^ m. Times. Mt. Avalon to Mt. Field i hr.; to Mt. Willey 2yi hrs. Mt. Willey. The former A. M. C. path left the railroad about 3 m. below Crawford's and ascended steeply to a point near which the present path, opened in 1906, crosses the Brook Kedron. The present trail is part of the Willey Range trail. A large sign at the N. end of the trestle N. of Willey House Station marks the point of departure from the Maine Central R. R. In a few hundred yards the A. M. C. path to Ripley Fall diverges to the L. (sign). The Willey Range Trail follows for over a mile the old trail to Ethan Pond, sometimes known as Willey Pond, climbing by a grade at first steep, then steady and easy. After the Ethan Pond Trail diverges to the L. (sign), (see p. 265) a few rods of wet, boggy trail leads into the old path at the crossing of the Brook Kedron (last sure water). From this point the path is one of the steepest in the mountains, following for some distance the track of an ancient slide. The view from the summit will well repay the stiff climb. From the view-point W. of the summit of Mt. Willey the trail (see Mt. Field) leads N. over Mt. Field to Mt. Avalon, from which point the descent can be made to the Crawfoid House by the Mt. Avalon Trail. Distances. Maine Central R. R. to Brook Kedron 1 3^ m.; to summit 2^^ m. Times. To Brook Kedron i}/i hrs.; to summit 23^ hrs. The traverse between the Crawford House and Willey House Station can usually be made by average trampers between the time of the morning THE ROSEBROOK RANGE. 287 train south and the afternoon train north, with time for lunch on Mt. Willey. Mt. Deception. Mt. Deception (3,700 ft.), the southwesterly peak of the Dartmouth Range, is not a part of the Rose- brook Range, but is included in this chapter because it is most easily ascended from Bretton Woods. The view from the summit, except toward the N.W., is exceptionally fine, the Mount Washington Range, Rosebrook Range and the Ammonoosuc Valley being seen near at hand as well as many more distant ranges and peaks. The path leaves the rear of the Lodge of the Mt. Washington Hotel, passing Boulder Spring Path on the L. 100 yds. in, and, % m. beyond, the Little Mt. Deception Path, also on the L. Camp Brackett is 5^ m. further on, a short distance beyond which the path to Cherry Mountain Road (i m. distant) leaves on the L. The Mt. Deception Path then continues by easy grades to within % m. of the summit, from which point it ascends steeply to the top. By following a blazed trail }/i m. down the further side an outlook can be obtained toward the N. W. Distance. Road to summit 3^ m. Time. 2 hrs. 15 min. SECTION XIV. Twin Mountain Range. The principal mountains in this range, named in order from N. to S., are North Twin (4,783 ft.), South Twin (4,922 ft.), Guyot (4,589 ft.) and Bond (4,709 ft.). The Nubble (about 2,700 ft.) is a prominent shoulder on the N. slope of North Twin. The Cliffs of Bond (about 4,000 ft.) are a series of fine crags and ledges S.W. of Mt. Bond. The Little River Mountains run N.E. from Mt, Guyot, culminating in Mt. Hale (4,102 ft.), which is separated from the Twins by the Little River Valley. Mt. Hale, named in honor of Rev. Edward Everett Hale, described in 1891 as a "fine wooded peak," is now a desolate burned wilderness. The Twin Range is shown on the Franconia Sheet of the sectional maps. A good path leading to the first of the Sugar Loaves leaves the highway by a logging road on the R.. }/2 m. E. of Twin Mountain, whence it is about i3^ m. to the top. The second Loaf is 3^ m. beyond the first, the trail being nearly obliterated. A deep depression and sheer cliff separate the second and third Loaves, and no trail exists. The first trail over the Twin Range was built by the A. M. C. in 1882. After repeated damage by fire and lumbering, it is now (1919) in good condition. Description. The trail follows the highway run- ning W. on the S. of the Boston & Maine R. R. from Twin Mountain Station about 3^ m., and then takes the wood road S. about 4 to 43^ m., generally follow- ing the Little River and the old logging railroad. (If this part of the way is covered by team, be sure the driver goes far enough, i. e., to the beginning of the (288) 289 TWIN MOUNTAIN RANGE. ♦. trail, which starts at a point marked by a club sign among the bushes.). Crossing the stream on the R. at once, the trail follows a logging road for a time, with occasional water, then rises rather steeply, cross- ing areas formerly burned over, and comes into ever- greens not far from the summit of North Twin, which is scrubby but affords excellent views in all directions from the outlooks. Water (marked by a sign) is found near the summit, except in dry seasons. From North Twin the trail leads in a S. direction to South Twin through low scrub without much loss of altitude. Water has been found and marked near South Twin, but is not known to be permanent. From the summit of South Twin the trail starts nearly W. At about 50 ft. the Garfield Ridge Trail (see p. 295) continues to the W., while the trail to Mt. Guyot turns sharply to the S., descending somewhat and entering taller growth. Care should be taken not to confuse the trail with a blazed town boundary which it crosses and recrosses. The path then leaves the trees, bears S.E. and climbs the broad, smooth dome of Mt. Guyot, passing just to the W. of the main summit. It then bears S. and drops into the scrub, crosses three small gullies, in the last of which, 10 min. down to the E., is a fine spring and the A. M. C. Camp Guyot, an open log shelter, built in 1913 and accom- modating 6 to 8 persons. The main trail, resumed, climbs several scrubby ledges, finally coming out on the main summit of Mt. Bond.* From the summit the trail leads down steeply S.E. through scrub, then through rapidly increasing growth. After about 3^^ ♦Cliffs of Bond. These magnificent precipices are S.W. from the main summit and are usually reached by descending from the top of Bond. The distance is not over J^ m., but there is no path and the way is made all but impassable by the continuous breast- high scrub. Trampers are advised to retrace their way to the sum- mit, as the descent to the R. R. is attended with great diflSculty. TWIN MOUNTAIN RANGE. 290 m. it turns to the L. leaving the old location and crosses to the head of a logging road which it follows to the logging railway on the W. side of the North Fork. The railway is in turn followed down to and across the East Branch to North Fork Junction (see p. 264), where it joins the railway which leads L. up the E. side of the North Fork (the route to Ethan Pond and Willey House Station, see p. 266). About 100 yards further down a trail diverges to the L. (the route to Carrigain Notch, see pp. 266, 272). The railway may be followed down to Lincoln, p. 312, In ascending from North Fork Junction keep to the L. at all forks of the railway, crossing the East Branch a few rods below the mouth of the North Fork. This branch of the railway is followed about i m . to a large loading platform on the L. from which point a logging road is taken and followed to its end, where the trail proper begins. From the East Branch to the trail the route is indicated with red paint on rocks and trees. Distances. Twin Mountain House to logging road 3^ m.; to trail 4^ m.; to North Twin 7 m.; to South Twin 8 m.; to Mt. Guyot io3^ m.; to Mt. Bond 11)^ m.; to North Fork Junction 153^ m. North Woodstock is distant about 12 m. from this point, and logging trains can sometimes be taken to or from Lincoln, I m. from North Woodstock. Times. As it is customary on account of the length of the trip over the range to camp out at least one night, the times given are for those carrying packs. Twin Mountain House to wood road }4: h.; to foot of trail 2 hrs.; to North Twin 5 hrs.; to South Twin 6 hrs.; to Mt. Guyot 8 hrs.; to Mt. Bond 9 hrs.; to North Fork Junction 12}^ hrs. SECTION XV. The Franconia Region. Next to the Mount Washington Range and Crawford Notch no section of the White Mountains is so well known or combines so much scenic interest as the Franconia Range and Notch. Lacking in some meas- ure the grandeur of the Mount Washington Range, in compensation the Franconia Mountains have the charm of intimacy and picturesqueness. The Profile, Lone- some Lake, Echo Lake, The Flume, Pool and Basin are but a few of the many interesting and easily ac- cessible natural features for which this region is justly famous. The individual peaks of the Franconia Range bordering' the Notch on the east, beginning at the north, are Mts. Lafayette (5,269 ft.), Lincoln (5,098 ft.), Little Haystack, Liberty (4,472 ft.), and Flume (4,340 ft.), the range terminating at the East Branch of the Pemigewasset in the minor peaks of Big and Little Coolidge (about 2,600 ft. and 2,300 ft. respec- tively), and Osseo or Whaleback (about 3,700 ft.). Mt. Garfield (4,519 ft.) to the northeast is the highest point in the ridge connecting the Franconia Range and the Twin Range. To the west of the Notch are Cannon Mountain (4,107 ft.) and Mt. Pemigewasset (2,561 ft.). Forest fires following logging operations in the valley of the East Branch of the Pemigewasset have destroyed much of the vegetation on Owl's Head and along the Franconia Branch. Small fires on the west slopes have in some cases overlapped the ridge. The western slopes are now largely owned by the U. S. Government and the Hotel. Large areas on Mt. Garfield have been burned over. Landslides, due to the cutting of the forests and the fires which have followed, have occurred THE FRANCONIA REGION. 291 on the steep faces of the range at a number of points, those on Mts. Liberty and Flume being prominent land- marks. All the higher peaks of this range are either bare or covered only with low scrub, so that views are unobstructed. In places, between Little Haystack and Lincoln, the ridge is a knife-edge with many interesting rock formations.. The U. S. Topographic Sheets covering this region have not yet been issued. Local paths, however, are shown on the accompanying sectional map on which an attempt has been made to give the information necessary to the tramper. The Profile House and the Flume are the climb- ing centers in this region, and the trips naturally taken from each are as follows: From the Profile House (1,911 ft.): Mt. Lafayette, the Franconia and Garfield Ridge Trails, Mt. Garfield, Cannon Mountain (The Profile), Kinsman Ridge Trail, Bald Mountain and Artist Bluff, Lonesome Lake (Moran Lake), Cascade Brook and The Basin. From the Flume Restaurant (1,368 ft.): Mt. Liberty and Liberty Camp, The Flume, the Franconia Ridge Trail, either north or south, Mt. Pemigewasset and the Pool. From the Profile House. Mt. Lafayette. Mt. Lafayette (5,269 ft.), the highest peak of the Franconia Range, is most easily climbed from the Profile House, though it can be reached from the S. via the Franconia Ridge Trail from either the Flume Restaurant or the town of Lincoln (see p. 309) and via the Garfield Ridge trail from the N. E. On Carrigain's map of 18 16 this peak was known as Great Haystack, but at the time of Lafayette's visit 292 THE FRANCONIA REGION. to the United States in 1824-5 the name was changed in his honor. A bridle-path once led to the summit, on which there was a house for the accommodation of travellers, but the path is now fit only for pedestrians, while of the house only the foundation walls remain. Description. The path leaves die highway op- posite the Profile House tennis courts, leads E.. and en- ters the woods, descending slightly and crossing a small brook. It then rises by easy zigzags, slabbing the S.W. flank of Eagle Cliff, and is broad and well defined, though filled v/ith small stones. At about }/i m. there is a spring at the L. Occasional views of the Notch are obtained, but the path is mainly within the forest. At about I m. from the hotel, and 1,000 ft. above it, the path enters Eagle Pass, a narrow cleft between Eagle Cliff and the mountain proper, in which are in- teresting cliff and rock formations. Through this pass the path leads in a N.E. direction, fairly level, but soon begins to rise, passes a good spring on the R., and then bears to the R. and attacks the steep slope of the N.W. shoulder. This part of the path is filled with loose stones and in wet weather becomes a veritable brook- bed. A little more than i m. above Eagle Pass there is a fine spring in a mossy bed 10 yds. to the L. Soon after, the path emerges on the open top of the shoulder, along which it passes S.* with extended views in all directions. It then dips slightly, enters the scrub, passing on the L. the Eagle Lakes, two picturesque but shallow lakes which may be reached b}^ a short side path {water). The main path now rises moderate- ly, emerges from the scrub, then ascends steeply over *At this point a faint path to the R. through the low scrub marks the end of the former bridle-path which led from the Notch road near the site of the Lafayette House, burned about 1861. The path is now impassable. (See next page.) THE FRANCONIA REGION. 293 flat ledges and loose stones. About 300 yards below the summit, to the R., under a ledge, water is usually found. The path then beais around to the N. and surmounts the summit ledges, which are crowned by a huge cairn. Water (liable to fail in very dry years) may be found in a spring under a large boulder reached by a rough trail about 100 yds. down the E. slope. From the summit the Garfield Ridge Trail leads N. and then N.E. to Mt. Garfield and the Twin Range. To the S. the Franconia Ridge Trail leads to the Flume House or the East Branch logging railroad above the town of Lincoln. Distances. Profile House to Eagle Pass i m.; to Eagle Lakes 2j^ m.; to summit 3^ m. Times. Profile House to Eagle Pass i hr. ; to Eagle Lakes 2 hrs. 15 min.; to summit 3 hrs. 15 min. For description of the descent of Mt. Lafayette see P- 307- Old Bridle Path to Mt. Lafayette. This path from the site of the Lafayette House (burned about 1861) on the Notch road about 2 m. S. of the Profile House, while still traceable in part, has long been disused and portions have been obliterated by logging. It begins at a point on the Notch road about 250 ft. N. of the Lincoln-Franconia town line posts. A cross, cut into the W. face of a yellow birch, indicates the beginning and a fragment of an old board sign nailed to a tree 50 ft. distant in the bushes indi- cates the direction. Within another 100 ft. or so, where the heavy timber begins and the angle of slope rises from the little flat where the old hotel was located, the trench-like path iS easily found, trending S.E. It emerges upon the path from the Profile House to Mt. Lafayette near Eagle Lake. The use of the Old Bridie- Path is not recommended. 294 THE FRANCONIA REGIoTn. The Garfield Ridge Trail. This trail was begun by the A. M. C. in 1 914 to con- nect the Franconia Ridge and Twin Mountain Trails. It traverses the high ridge joining Mt. Lafayette to South Twin Mountain, the highest point being Mt. Garfield (see next page). Description. The trail starts from the summit of Mt. Lafayette and runs N. along the ridge and over the north peak (5,075 ft.). Swinging to the N.E. it de- scends to timber-line, and continues nearly on the crest of the ridge. In the first col E. of Lafayette water will be found about 125 yds. N. of the trail. The trail then passes over a large hump, descending its rough end to a tangled col, and then climbs gradually towards Mt. Garfield. Near the foot of the cone of Mt. Garfield it passes to the S. of Garfield Pond, formerly known as Haystack Lake. Here the Garfield Pond Trail di- verges to the L., passes the outlet of the Pond and in about ^ m. reaches the U. S. F. S. Mt. Garfield Trail (p. 297). At the E. end of the Pond a side trail di- verges to the R. for about 150 yards to the Garfield Pond Camp, an open log shelter built by the A. M. C. in 191 7 and accommodating six persons. Elizabeth Spring lies near the Pond. The trail then climbs the cone to within a few rods of the bare summit, which is reached by a short side path to the R. At this junction the direct trail of the U. S. Forest Service to the State highway forks to the L. (see p. 298). Con- tinuingi the Garfield Ridge Trail descends toward the N.E. and E. to avoid some bad ledgies directly E. of the cone. In the first col to the E., in a clearing at the head of Garfield Stream, it meets the logging road from Gale River Station (see p. 296). Water will always be found a few rods down the road. From the col the trail follows the ridge, sometimes to the N. and sometimes to the S. of the crest. In two places it passes the edge of THE FRANCONIA REGION. 295 the extensive burned area on the S. side of the ridge, from which excellent outlooks are obtained. The trail itself, however, goes through some particularly fine forest. Toward the end of the ridge the trail swings N. of a prominent knoll, then climbs diagonally across a clearing and follows the course of an old surveyor's line to the summit of South Twin Mountain. From this point the tramper may go over North Twin and down to the Twin Mountain House, or S. over Mts. Guyot and Bond and down to the valley of the East Branch of the Pemigewasset at North Fork Junction (see p. 289). Water will sometimes be found in some of the de- pressions of the ridge. The trail crosses and re- crosses various surveyor's lines, but these points have all been carefully marked. Distances. Mt. Lafayette to Garfield Pond 3 m.; to Mt. Garfield 33^ m.; to Gale River road 43^ m.; to clearing 6^ m.; to South Twin Mountain 73^ m. Times. Mt. Lafayette to Garfield Pond 2 hrs. 30 min.; to Mt. Garfield 3 hrs.; to Gale River road 3 hrs. 45 min.; to clearing 6 hrs.; to South Twin Moun- tain 6 hrs. 45 min. Mt. Garfield. Mt. Garfield (4,519 ft.) is the culminating point of the ridge connecting Mt. Lafa3^ette with South Twin Mountain, and though included in the chapter on the Franconia Region, is not strictly a part of either the Franconia or Twin Range. It was formerly known as one of the Franconia Haystacks, and later as Hay- stack. In 1 88 1 it received its present name from the selectmen of Franconia in honor of the martyred Presi- dent whose death occurred that 3^ear. The summit is bare and the view of the Franconia and Twin Ranges particularly fine. Prior to the present trails there have been at least two to the summit, both of which have 296 THE FRANCONIA REGION. fallen into disuse. The mountain can now be climbed most easily from the State highway, which is about 200 yds. from Gale River Station (a flag station without any building on the branch railroad from Bethlehem Junction to the Profile House). There are two routes, the first via Hawthorne Fall to the Garfield Ridge Trail in the col E. of Mt. Garfield, and the second lead- ing more directly to the summit of Mt. Garfield. Trail via Haiwthorne Fall. A good logging road with an easy grade leads S.E. from the State highway between the Profile House and Twin Mountain Village at its junction with the roads to Bethlehem Junction and Gale River Station. The road has various forks, but all are marked with signs. About i^ m. from the highway the road crosses the north branch of Gale River, and about i ^ m. further on, at the R. of the road, is a private camp called Camp Rest. The road to this point is passable for a buck- board. Within the next 3^ m. the road crosses the stream twice, the second crossing being just beyond the red tool chest of the U. S. Forest Service. Just beyond this crossing, the road branches at a fork of the stream. Take the R. fork up hill, which quickly bears to the L. and crosses Garfield Stream. Beyond this point the road grows somewhat steeper and, after about i3^ m., passes near Hawthorne Fall, a beautiful cascade, reached b}^ short path to the R. (sign). The main trail soon crosses the stream twice and at length strikes the Garfield Ridge Trail (see p. 294) in a clearing in the first col E. of Mt. Garfield and about i m. from the summit. This col is substantially the lowest point in the Franconia-Twin Ridge, and old lumber roads may be followed down the S, side to the East Branch logging railroad (about 8 m.). Distances. From the State highway to first cross- ing of Gale River i^ m.; to Camp Rest 3 m.; to THE FRANCONIA REGION. 297 Hawthorne Fall 5 m.; to Garfield Ridge Trail 5^ m.; to summit 6^4 m. Times. First crossing 50 min.; to Camp Rest i hr. 30 min.; to Hawthorne Fall 3 hrs. 15 min.; to Garfield Ridge Trail 3 hrs. 45 min. ; to summit 5 hrs. The descent should be made easily in 33^ hrs. U. S. Forest Service Trail. This trail leaves the State highway from Twin Mountain to the Profile House about 15 rods W. of the iron bridge over Gale River and about }/s m. W. of the junction of this highway with the roads to Bethle- hem Junction and Gale River. The trail runs S. along the south branch of Gale River about 3^ m. and then crosses in succession the south branch, a tributary brook and the south branch again. The path is now perfectly plain, keeping always to theL. along the bank of the brook. After 20 to 30 min. the trail again crosses the brook at a point where the latter runs close to a gravel bank, leaving scarcely room for the path between bank and brook. The trail now bears S.E. and away from the south branch. In about 3^ m. Spruce Brook is crossed and shortly after Burnt Brook is crossed twice. The trail from this point has an increasing, though easy, ascent. In about 3^ m. the burned coun- try is reached; a reminder of the great forest fires of 1902. The trail now bears to the L., passing out of the burn and slabbing the side of Burnt Knoll and the W. slope of Mt. Garfield. It then leaves the succession of logging roads which it has followed up to this point and becomes a real trail. Several small streams are crossed and Burnt Brook is again crossed at a point where it falls over a mossy rock close to the trail (last sure water). The steep portion of the climb now begins. The trail soon enters virgin forest, and is here marked by the 298 THE FRANCONIA REGION. official U. S. F. S. blaze, — a plain blaze with hori- zontal notch above it. The forest, in its various stages of growth and decay, the moss, the ferns and all lesser growth, are seen in all their natural beauty. The trail keeps a general direction to the L. through open woods and, although the grade is steady, the going is not bad. About Y2 m. above the last crossing of Burnt Brook the Garfield Pond Trail diverges to the R. and leads in ^ m. (25 min.) to the Garfield Ridge Trail at Garfield Pond (p. 294). The main trail resumed, continues up the cone of Garfield and is joined by the Garfield Ridge Trail as it emerges into the open a few rods below the summit. Distances. Highway to burned country 2}^ n^-t to last crossing of Burnt Brook 33^ m.; to summit of Mt. Garfield 43^ m. Times. Highway to burned country i hr. 45 min.; to last crossing of Burnt Brook 2 hrs. 45 min.; to sum- mit 4 hrs. Gannon Mountain (Profile Mountain). Cannon Mountain (4,107 ft.), an interesting, dome- shaped mountain famous for its wonderful profile (The Old Man of the Mountain), forms the west wall of Franconia Notch. It is very precipitous on its south and east faces. Above these are three ledges which, seen from near Profile Lake, form the Great Stone Face immortalized by Hawthorne. The Cannon, from which the mountain takes its name, is a natural stone table superimposed on a boulder and as seen in profile assumes the form of a huge cannon. The path from the Profile House leads to the east summit (3,898 ft.), which is bare, save for low bushes, and affords extensive views. The west summit (4,107 ft.), offering a wide view, is reached by the Kinsman Ridge Trail (p. 384). On the N. side of the mountain THE FRANCONIA REGION. 299 is a series of cascades (highest water), interesting in wet weather, and easily accessible by a loop from the main path. Description. The path enters the woods directly behind the laundry of the Profile House, the entrance being plainly marked by a large sign. After a few min- utes of easy walking the path divides, the L. fork continuing directly up the mountain and the R. fork leading to the Cascades on Cannon Brook and entering the main trail about ]4. m. further up. Continuing, the main trail is very steep for about i^ m,; then it becomes level and, passing through a growth of low fir, comes out on the bare ledges at the lower summit, where the Kinsman Ridge Trail begins. From this point another trail, rather indistinct at the start but soon plain and marked by cairns, leads N.E. down over the ledges to the Cannon, an excellent view- point. Experienced trampers may with difficulty follow the ridge S. (no path) about 3^ m. to the ledges that form the Profile. Distances. From the Profile House to Cascade Branch 3^ m.; to point where Cascade Path rejoins 3/^ m.; to E. summit i^^ m.. Times. To Cascade Branch 5 min.; to point where Cascade Branch rejoins 30 min. ; to E. summit i hr. 30 min. Lonesome Lake. This lake (2,750 ft.), formerly known as Tamarack Pond and Moran Lake, a mountain tarn on the S. shoulder of Cannon Mountain, is well worth a visit on account of the wildness of its setting, and the com- prehensive views from its shores. Near the lake is a private cabin built by Dr. William C. Prime and Mr. W. F. Bridge, both dead, which is now owned by Mrs. Bridge. From the Notch road a well marked bridle- path leads to the lake, which is about 1,000 ft. above. 300 THE FRANCONIA REGION. Description. Take the Notch road or Wildwood Path S. from the Profile House to the Lonesome Lake Clearing (Lafayette Place) about 2 m. If the road is taken, turn to the R. into the cart-path entering the S. side of the clearing* and follow it lOO yds. across the Pemigewasset on a log bridge, the Wildwood Path joining immediately on the R. (nearby is the site of the A. M. C. August Camp of 191 2). The cart-path continues W. a short distance to a frame barn and soon becomes a well-defined bridle-path, which rises steadily, zigzagging up the shoulder through dense growth. Water is found at a spring 3^ m. beyond the barn, and again when the path crosses the ravine on a bridge. At about I m. above the clearing the path reaches the height of land, continues fairly level through open evergreen growth, and finally descends somewhat to the lake. A good spring is found near the shore of the lake to the N.W. of the cabins (see Cascade Brook). From the spring the A. M. C. Lonesome Lake Trail continues N. to the Kinsman Ridge Trail (p. 384). Distance. From the Notch road to the lake about i}/s rn.; to Kinsman Ridge Trail 2}/i rn. Time. To Lake i hr. to i hr. 45 min.; to Kinsman Ridge Trail i hr. 45 min. to 3 hrs. Cascade Brook and the Basin. An interesting route for the return from Lonesome Lake is to follow the brook draining the lake, which is known locally as Cascade Brook. Old logging roads *In approaching from the direction of North Woodstock, Lone- some Lake Clearing is to the W. of the road, about 3K ™' N. of the Flume House, and 2 m. N. of the Basin. From the Profile House the Clearing may be recognized as that just S. of the Lin- col n-Franconia town line, which is marked by posts on each side of the highway. From the Clearing there are wonderful views of the rugged S. face of Cannon Mountain. On the E. side of the highway, just N. of the Clearing, is the site of the Lafayette House, burned in 1861, which stood at the beginning of the old bridle-path. THE FRANCONIA REGION. 301 follow the upper part quite closely, though lower down the brook should be followed in preference to the log- ging road in order not to miss the cascades. Cascade Brook enters the Pemigewasset just below the Basin, which is a deep pot-hole in the Pemigewasset River beside the road, about i3^ m. N. of the Flume House. Kinsman Pond Trail. The trail up Kinsman Brook to Kinsman Pond and the Kinsman Ridge Trail leaves the main highway at the Whitehouse bridge, the first crossing of the main branch of the Pemigewasset above the Flume House. At present (1919) this trail is plainly blazed, but not all bushed out, and will be gradually improved. Dis- tance from the highway to the pond is about 3)^ m. Mt. Agassiz. Mt. Agassiz (2,394 ^^O. near Bethlehem, may be easily reached from Bethlehem street or Maplewood by well marked trails. On the summit is an observa- tion tower, to which an admission fee is charged. The view is one of the finest in the mountains, including the Franconia and Mount Washington Ranges, the moun- tains of the North Country and Vermont. Bald Mountain and Artist Bluff. Bald Mountain (2,310 ft.) and Artist Bluff (2,315 ft.), which fill the north end of Franconia Notch, on account of their favorable location offer comprehensive views to the north and down the Notch. Both summits are easily accessible. On Artist Bluff is a rude summer house. The ascent of Bald Mountain and the return over Artist Bluff to the shore of Echo Lake Is probably the better route, as offering finer views of the Notch . Description. Follow the highway running N.W. from the Profile House and take the L. fork just beyond Echo Lake. Follow this 3^ m. and just beyond the 302 THE FRANCONIA REGION. ruins of a barn, turn to the R. into a plain cart path rising moderately for about ^ m. from the road. There take a plain path at the L. which ascends rapidly through open woods, in about ^ m. reaching the summit. In returning, follow the route of ascent down to the cart path, turn to the L. on this for a few steps, then take the path to the R. leading S.E., which in little more than 3^ m. of moderate ascent reaches the sum- mit of Artist Bluff. This is open and of similar char- acter to its northern neighbor. The descent from the Bluff can be made by a steep path down the S. slope to the road at the N. end of Echo Lake, from which point the return can be made -i>y a path on either side of the lake. The distance from the Profile House to the summit of either mountain is about i3^ m., and for the round trip as outlined above about 2% m. From the Flume House Site, Mt. Pemigewasset. The trail up Mt. Pemigewasset (2,561 ft.) starts across the lawn immediately N. of the Flume House site, marked by a sign. The logging road leading N.W. is then taken. This road gradually bears to the L. until it runs W. and then S. At about J^ m. a brook is passed (water). The path is unmistakable, being used by a fire warden in reaching his station on the summit, and is plainly marked by blazes and signs. At i3^ m, the path emerges on the summit ledges with good views of the Pemigewasset Valley, Mt. Kinsman and the Franconia Range. The Pool. This interesting pot-hole formation in the Pemige- wasset River, over 100 ft. in diameter, can be reached THE FRANCONIA REGION. 303 by a well defined path about 3^ m. in length which startsfromthehighwayjustN.of the Flume restaurant. The Flume. This narrow gorge, one of the best known features in the Franconia Region, can be reached from the Flume * House site by a good carriage road (a toll road, on which automobiles are prohibited) about }/2 rn- in length. It leaves the highway just S. of the Flume House . stables and ends at the souvenir store near Flume Brook. The route from this point is over broad ledges worn smooth by the action of the water and scoured by the avalanche of June, 1883, which swept away the famous suspended boulder. Through the Flume the way is over plank walks and steps which cross and recross the stream. At the upper end is the Flume Cascade, which is worth visiting in wet weather. Mt. Flume Trail. This tiail, constructed by the A. M. C. in 191 7, runs from the head of the Flume to the Franconia Ridge Trail near the summit of Mt. Flume. It begins at the S. end of an old logging bridge a few hundred yards above the head of the Flume. It passes through the woods R. (sign) a few rods to another logging road, and then follows logging roads (forks marked by signs) to the foot of the old slide, which it climbs, keeping to the L. The general route over the slide is marked by white paint on the ledges. Near the top of the slide the trail enters the woods at the L. and climbs in about yi m. to the Franconia Ridge Trail, a few hundred feet S. of the summit of Mt. Flume. The last reliable water is the excellent cold spring not far below the foot of the slide. Distance. From the Flume 2% m. Time. 2}/% hrs. 304 THE FRANCONIA REGION. Mt. Liberty and the Franconia Ridge Trail. Mt. Liberty (4,472 ft.) is reached by taking the Flume road (see paragraph above), and following up through the Flum.e to its head. At the upper end of the Flume, beyond the fall, turn to the L. and climb up a cleft in the wall. The A. M. C. sign will be seen immediately at the R. About 100 yards further up the brook a broad logging road running at right angles is reached, and the trail enters the woods at a sign 100 ft. L. Im- mediately beyond, the trail enters and follows an older logging road leading E. up moderate grades. This road is followed for a few minutes and at the fork the L. (N.) branch is taken. The path in about 10 min. leaves this road, turning N. and slabbing the slope through fine hardwood, and is for a short dis- tance quite boggy. Water is found in a rill which crosses the path 10 min. from the end of the logging road, and in another ID min. a huge boulder is passed on the L., with a path sign opposite. A few rods beyond the boulder the trail enters a logging road and follows it for about 100 yds., when it turns abruptly to the R., following an older road rather steeply through a dense growth of cherry. Midway of this cherry area, the trail crosses another recent logging road at right angles and shortly there- after emerges upon a stretch of rocks, bared by a forest fire, over which it winds. From the large boulder and sign previously noted to the upper edge of the burn is more than i m,. Above the burn the trail passes through evergreen growth, crosses two small slashings, and through the evergreens is plainly blazed in an E.S.E. direction. The spring and Liberty Camp (3,800 ft.) are soon reached after a moderate ascent of about 15 min. The spring contains sure water at all seasons and the spot is a favorable camping THE FRANCONIA REGION. 305 site. The camp is an open shelter accommodating six persons, and was built by the A. M. C. in 1905. Resuming, the main path ascends fairly steeply through low evergreens and in 15 min. the Ridge Trail (4,150 ft.) is reached (see Franconia Ridge Trail) at a point between Mt. Liberty and Little Haystack. Turning to the R., the Ridge Trail soon climbs steeply, gaining in 5 to 10 min. the crest above the trees, from which point the rocky summit of Mt. Liberty is seen rising sharply 5 min. ahead. The view from the sum- mit is unobstructed in every direction and is par- ticularly fine of the East Branch and lower Pemige- wasset valleys. Distances. Flume House to head of Flume J/g m.; to rill i^ m.; to main logging road 2 m.; to Camp 33^ m.; to Ridge Trail 3^ m.; to summit 4^ m. Times. Flume House to head of Flume 30 min.; to rill 50 min.; to main logging road i hr. 15 min.; to Camp 2 hrs. 30 min.; to Ridge Trail 2 hrs. 45 min.; to summit 3 hrs. Note, From the summit of Mt. Liberty two other paths lead down to the Pemigewasset valley, the A. M. C. Ridge Trail over Mt. Flume and Osseo Peak to the lumber railroad above the town of Lincoln (see p. 311); and the Mt. Flume Trail down to the Flume. No water is found on any trail above the spring near Liberty camp. Mt. Liberty to Mt. Lafayette. (Franconia Ridge Trail.) From a point just N. of the summit of Mt. Liberty (reached from the Flume by the Mt. Liberty Trail or the Mt. Flume Trail, or from the town of Lincoln by the Ridge Trail) the Franconia Ridge Trail le^ds N. through open woods, descending slightly in the first 3^ m. It is then fairly level for a short distance, winds somewhat, then rises gradually, but soon more steeply until, after a hard scramble over the ledges, it sur- mounts the S. end of the wooded ridge known as Little 3o6 THE FRANCONIA REGION. Haystack Mountain. The path, still leading N., soon leaves the scrub and for the remainder of the way is over ledges and unobstructed, with magnificent views in all directions. Caution. There is no shelter beyond this point and trampers are cautioned not to continue in the face of high winds or unfavorable weather, as the path in places on the ridge near Mt. Lin- coln is of the knife-edge character, with sheer slopes on both sides. Continuing, the trail descends into the Haystack-Lin- coln col and then climbs the rocky ridge of Mt. Lincoln. It then descends into the dip between Mts. Lincoln and Lafayette and climbs the S. side of the latter over mod- erate, rock-strewn slopes, up which the path is marked by low cairns. Just before reaching the summit of Mt. Lafayette a rough trail leads down about ICG yds. to the E. to a spring under a large boulder, where water is sometimes found. The summit of Mt. Lafayette is marked by a huge cairn and the remains of an old cellar, which, however, affords but little shelter from the wind. The Garfield Ridge Trail begins here. Distances. Mt. Liberty Path* to Little Haystack Mountain 2j^ m.; to Mt. Lincoln 3^ m.; to Mt. Lafayette 4^ m.; to the Profile House 8^ m. Times. Mt. Liberty Path to Little Haystack Mountain i hr. 20 min. ; to Mt. Lincoln 2 hrs. 15 min. ; to Mt. Lafayette 3 hrs. 15 min.; to the Profile House 5 hrs., 30 min. ♦This point is about 3^ m. distant from the Plume House, via the Mt. Liberty Path, and lOJ^ m. from the town of Lincoln via the Ridge Trail over Osseo Peak and Mt. Liberty. THE FRANCONIA REGION. 307 Mt. Lafayette to the Profile House. (For reverse route see p. 293.) The trail from the summit of Mt. Lafayette to the Profile House, formerly a bridle-path, leads down the W. side of the mountain over rocky slopes, and is well marked. A little over i m. down the path enters the scrub, soon passes the Eagle Lakes on the R. (reached by a short path through the scrub), bears to the N. and is out of the trees again for a short distance. It then enters the woods (spring on the R.) and begins to de- scend rapidly through a ^rook-like trough filled with loose stones. It then bears to the W., passes a spring at the L. of the path and becomes more level as it leads through Eagle Pass. It then descends rapidly by zig- zags through the forest for about i m., reaching the Notch road opposite the Profile House tennis courts. SECTION XVI. About North Woodstock. North Woodstock (739 ft.), the principal village of the township of Woodstock, is situated at the con- fluence of Moosilauke Brook and the East Branch with the main Pemigewasset River, and is often known as the Western Gateway to the Mountains. It is surround- ed by low mountains which are divided by the Pemige- wasset River and its branches into four groups. To the northeast are the lo\V^^ Franconia Peaks of Big and Little Coolidge; to the east the Loon Pond — Rus- sell group; to the southwest, Mts. Grandview and Cilley, foothills of Mt. Moosilauke, and to the north- west the spurs of Mt. Kinsman and the Blue Ridge. Through the valleys of these streams access is also had to the higher peaks of the Franconia Range; to Mts. Moosilauke and Kinsman; and to the more remote summits bordering the region about the headwaters of the East Branch, formerly known as the Pemigewasset Wilderness. Waterville and the Swift River country can also be reached through North Woodstock. A mile above North Woodstock on the East Branch is Lincoln, a lumber town. It is the terminus of the Pemigewasset Branch of the Boston & Maine R. R., but a logging railroad extends up the East Branch almost to its headwaters, and forms a convenient route for trampers wishing to visit the Pemigewasset Wilderness or the adjacent peaks. The North Woodstock Improvement Association, an organization of townspeople and summer residents, has cleared trails to most of the near-by peaks and places of interest, and it has, in order to give them individuality spotted the various paths with paint of the following (308) ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. 309 colors: Agassiz Basin, Mt. Cilley, Bell's Cascade, Georgianna Falls, Parker Ledge, Loon Pond, Russell Crag, white and red; Russell Pond, Mt. Grandview, white and blue; Thornton Gore and Waterville, white and yellow. The principal points around North Woodstock described in this chapter are as follows: The Franconia Ridge Trail, the Swift River and Pemigewasset Wilderness Trails via Lincoln; Water- ville via Hancock Branch or Thornton Gore, Georgianna Falls, Agassiz Basin, Lost River, Mt. Cilley, Mt. Grandview and the Fay Reservation. For routes to other local points of interest see "A Little Pathfinder to Places of Interest near North Woodstock," published by the North Woodstock Improvement Association. See Franconia, Waterville and Moosilauke Sheets. Franconia Ridge TraiL (East Branch Valley to Mt. Liberty.) Some years ago the A. M. C, took over the trail partly constructed by the North Woodstock Improve- ment Association, over the entire Franconia Range, starting on the line of the logging railroad in the East Branch Valley and ending at the summit of Mt. La- fayette. This trail is joined S. of Mt. Flume by the Mt. Flume Trail, N. of Mt. Liberty by Mt. Liberty Trail, on which is situated Liberty Camp and Spring, a convenient over-night stopping place for those es- saying the entire ridge, which, except for the strongest trampers, would require two days. The Spring at Liberty Camp (% m. below the Ridge Trail) is the only sure water above Clear Brook (below Osseo Peak). Those wishing to do the higher part of the range in one day would better start from the Flume. 310 ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. Description. The trail is reached by following the logging railroad 2 ^m. E. from Lincoln to Camp 3 at the upper dam. It starts at a sign directly across the railroad from the camp and soon turns into an old logging road which bears sharply to the L. It then curves gradually to the R. until the general direction is N., with good surface and easy grades. In 10 min. it crosses Clear Brook, and in 20 min. more reaches a ruined camp and the second crossing of Clear Brook. For 5 min. the road follows the brook, rising little above it (last sure water), then turns sharply to the R. into a branch road (wet going), bears to the L. and soon enters hardwood growth. The trail now zizgags with increasing steepness in a N.E. direction for about 3^ hr., then climbs into an easy old road leading to the R. for 3^ hr. It then as- cends over steep ledges and through small growth to another road, which passes through the lowest point in the ridge between Osseo Peak and Potash Knob, its southern shoulder. On the ridge a huge overhanging rock at the L., where a camp formerly existed, affords good shelter. Immediately beyond, the trail turns sharply to the L. and ascends more rapidly on a log- ging road for 5 min., then climbs to the R. to a still higher, parallel road. At the end of this road it as- cends steeply to the R. around a shoulder and gains, in a few minutes, a little shelf at the base of an ap- parently inaccessible ledge. A stationary ladder leads up to the L. over this ledge, whence the trail slali^jfor 5 min. the steep S. side of the peak. It then turns sharply to the L. up a little ravine, and after a short, stiff climb gains the ridge which, followed 5 min., leads to the summit of Osseo Peak. Just as the trail gains the ridge a short side path leads to the L. to the edge of a cliff from which there are good views. To the E. the peak Is wooded, with few outlooks. ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. 311 Resuming, the main trail meanders for ^ hr. in thick growth, then takes a straight line N. over the ridge, which leads in 3^ hr. of gradual ascent to the junction with another ridge running W. and con- necting with the Coolidge mountains. Continuing N., the trail descends a little, bears to the L. for a few minutes and follows the part of the ridge leading straight toward Flume Mountain, glimpses of which are caught through the trees. The last 3^ hr. before reaching the summit of Flume Mountain (4,340 ft.) is relatively steep, and just after passing the junction with the Mt. Flume Trail (p. 303) the path climbs the knife-edge of that serrated peak, emerging finally on an area but a few yards square, which forms the summit. The peak overlooks on one side the wonderful natural theater of the Flume and Liberty slides of 1883, and on the other the valley between the Franconia and Twin Ranges, with Mt. Liberty beyond the saddle-like intervening ridge. The descent to this saddle and the climb to the peak of Mt. Liberty present no particular difficulties. The way is wooded, burned in places, and the last 5 min. is a some- what breathless clamber around the base of rough ledges and through close small growth. From Mt. Liberty (4,472 ft.) the trail descends sharply to the N. for about 10 min. before reaching the junction with the trail leading to the spring and the A. M. C. Camp (^m.) and the Flume House (3^ m.). All but the most vigorous trampers should plan to spend a night in this camp rather than attempt to cover the whole range in a single day. For a description of the trail northward to Mt. Lafayette see p. 305. Distances. Lincoln to Camp 3, 2^ m.; to Osseo Peak 6 m.; to Flume Mt. 83^ m.; to Mt. Liberty 10 m.; to junction with path from Flume House io3^ m. 312 ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. Times. Linxoln to Camp 3, i hr.; to Osseo Peak, 3 hrs. 45 min.; to Flume Mt. 5 hrs. 15 min.; to Mt. Liberty 6 hrs.; to junction with path from Flume House 6 hrs. 15 min. Pemigewasset Wilderness Trails. North Fork Junction (see p. 264), the point of di- vergence of the Wilderness Trails of the A. M. C, is distant from Lincoln about 12 m. and can be reached by following the East Branch logging railroad, to the North Fork. At times passage can be secured on empty logging trains, usually leaving Lincoln about 7 A.M. The railroad forks about }/i m. E. of the point where it crosses to the S. side of the East Branch. The R. fork may be followed up the East Branch and out through Carrigain Notch to Livermore and Sawyer River Station (see Carrigain Notch Trail, p. 272). The L. fork (avoiding a spur track which diverges to the R.) subdivides in about 3^ m.; the L. of these tracks crosses the East Branch just below the mouth of the North Fork and forms the route to the Twin Range (see Twin Range Trail, p. 290), the R. track crosses the East Branch just above the mouth of the North Fork and forms the route to Thoreau Falls, Ethan Pond and Willey House Station (see Ethan Pond Trail, p. 266). Albany Intervale. (Via the Swift River Trail.) Follow the East Branch logging railroad from Lin- coln 43^ m. to Camp 4 beyond the Hancock Branch, which enters the East Branch from the S. The logging railroad formerly led up this branch, but only the road- bed now remains. Even the trestle across the East Branch has been burned, and the stream must be forded. In times of high water this crossing is difficult and often impossible. On the opposite bank of the East Branch ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. 313 the railroad bed will be found leading through the abandoned and nearly destroyed camps. For about Y2 hr. the way is at a slight grade, through low growth and berry bushes. It then crosses to the S. bank on stones, as this trestle and all those above have been carried away by freshets. The way continues fairly level, the stream being crossed four times within the next hour. After the last crossing a spur track, known as The Siding, occurs. At this point the R. fork should be taken, Y% m. beyond which the trail to Waterville via Greeley Ponds leaves on the R., marked by a sign. (See Hancock Branch — Waterville Trail, p. 314.) Continuing on the Swift River Trail toward Albany, the Hancock Branch is again crossed, and just beyond the railroad bed is left for a logging road which forks to the R., marked by a sign.* This road now ascends quite rapidly toward the ridge connecting Mts. Hunt- ington and Kancamagus, crossing several branches of Hancock Branch, and passes through a region severely dealt with by the lumberman. After gaining the height of land the trail descends in a S.E. direction, still following logging roads, through a country less devastated by logging. It crosses and recrosses the headwaters of Swift River and, at the end of about 3V2 m. from the height of land, reaches the lumber railroad leading to Livermore. This railroad leads in about Y2 m. to the site of Camp 6, a former logging camp, where it crosses the river. All the buildings have been destroyed. The railroad bed is left before crossing the river at Camp 6, and there are here two trails, marked by signs, — the Swift River Trail con- tinuing to Albany Intervale (see p. 255), and the *The railroad bed from this point bears to the N . into the basin on the S. side of Mt. Hancock, where it ends. By following this route Mt. Hancock can easily be climbed by the slide on the S. face. See p. 276. 314 ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. ^» Institute or Livermore Path to Waterville. The railroad can be followed to Livermore and Sawyer's River Station, p. 337. For reverse route see p. 255. Distances. Lincoln to Hancock Branch 43^ m.; to Waterville Trail loj^m.; to height of land 13 m.; to Camp 6, 17 m. Times. Lincoln to Hancock Branch i hr. 45 min.; to Waterville Trail 4 hrs.; to height of land 5 hrs. 30 min.; to Camp 6, 7 hrs. Hancock Branch to Waterville. This trail leaves the bed of the logging railroad ^ m. beyond The Siding (see previous description) at a path sign on the R. and leads in a S. direction, utilizing old logging roads which are well trodden but more or less grown up with bushes. No serious diffi- culty will be experienced if the tramper bears con- stantly toward Mad River Notch, which is seen di- rectly ahead to the S. between Mts. Osceola and Kan- camagus. The trail ascends gradually, is more or less boggy, then ascends more rapidly through larger growth After the height of land is passed the trail descends moderately through fine woods, soon passing to the W. of the upper Greeley Pond, a beautiful sheet of water under the steep slope of Mt. Kancamagus. From this point the trail is plainly marked, descends moderately, soon passes the lower ponds, and in a few minutes comes out on the main logging road leading to the Hotel in Waterville. (See p. 336.) Distances. The Siding to upper Greeley Pond 1 3^ m.; to Waterville, 6 m. Times. The Siding to upper Greeley Pond i hr.; to Waterville 2 hrs. 30 min. ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. 315 North Woodstock to Waterville. (Via Thornton Gore.) From Woodstock a road (on the site of an old log- ging railroad) runs about 6 m. into Thornton Gore, and with the connecting logging roads provides a con- venient route to Waterville. This road can be followed from Woodstock, or it can be reached by a short cut across the fields from a point on the North Woodstock — Woodstock road (E. of the Pemigewasset) , about 3 m. S. of North Woodstock. In coming from North Woodstock, leave the road at a point S. of the Mountain Park Hotel, where the river makes a pool on the R. Here turn to the L. into the pastures (crossing several fences, but avoiding logging roads), bearing in a S. E, direction about }/i m. until the road is reached. About i3^ m. from the point of striking the road a camp is passed, near which a trestle has been destroyed, though there is a bridge over the stream. At about 3 m. a spring is passed at the L. and then another camp. When the road turns at right angles L. towards the Tripoli mill the old railroad track must be followed straight ahead. The R. branch of this soon passes another abandoned camp. A foot path continues R. over the low height of land where it turns sharply to the L., becomes some- what uncertain, and in about 14. rn. strikes the head- waters of the West Branch of Mad River. In i3^ m. the trail passes another camp which is at the foot of the Mt. Osceola Path (see p. 326). Beyond this point the way is over the West Branch logging road, reach- ing Waterville in about i^ m. Distances. North Woodstock to point of leaving road 3 m.; to railroad 33^ m.; to end of R.R. 93^ m.; to Osceola Path 12 3^ m.; to Waterville 14 m. Time. North Woodstock to Waterville 5 to 6J^ hrs. 3i6 ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. Georgianna Falls and Bog Pond. These falls, on Harvard Brook, a branch of the Pemigewasset River draining Bog Pond, are worth a visit in times of high water. There are two sets of cas- cades, perhaps a half mile apart; the upper is sometimes known as Harvard Fall from its discovery by a party of Harvard students prior to 1858. The trail at pres- ent is bushed out, marked and maintained by the U. S. Forest Service, and has been continued beyond the falls to Bog Pond. A Forest Service trail from the pond leads out through the valley between Wolf Mt. and Clark Ridge, passes Gordon Pond, and reaches North Woodstock, via the reservoir. Part of the section between Bog and Gordon Ponds is utilized by the Kinsman Ridge Trail, p. 384. A branch of the Georgi- anna Falls path leads to the highway }/i m. N. of John- son Village, at the tool box of the Forest Service, and is a convenient means of approach for those coming from the direction of the Flume House. The Georgianna Falls path leaves the North Wood- stock — Profile House highway about ]/z m. N. of the crossing of the former Johnson logging railroad, and about 3 m. N. of North Woodstock. A U. S. F. S. sign, "Bog Pond," on the W. of the road nearly op- posite the Guernsey place (an old wood-colored house with a piazza in front) marks the entrance. The path soon strikes the old logging railroad, which it follows 3^8 m. to a field on the L. This it crosses to the logging road on the farther side, which in turn it follows about I m. to the crossing of the brook. The path here leaves the road, follows up the E. bank, soon coming out at the foot of the lower fall. It then continues up the E. bank, climbs some interesting ledges and re- enters the woods, reaching in about Y2 m. the top of the upper cascades where there is a fine view down the ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. 317 Pemigewasset Valley. It then follows the brook, with one crossing and recrossing, about i3^ m. to Bog Pond. Distances: Highway to Georgianna Falls i3^.m.; to Bog Pond 3 m.; to North Woodstock 9 m. Georgi- anna Falls are distant about 1 3^ m. from the tool box on the road north of Johnson. Times: Highway to Georgianna Falls 45 min.; to Bog Pond I hr. 30 min.; to North Woodstock 4 hr. 30 min. Agassiz Basin. This interesting series of pot-holes on Moosilauke Brook is easily reached from North Woodstock and is well worth a visit. Take the Breezy Point road W. from North Wood- stock 1% m. Enter the path which leaves the road at the L. and crosses the stream at the foot of the Basin. It then follows up the S. bank K m., recrossing at the upper bridge. The Lost River and Mt. Moosilauke. The Lost River, one of the tributaries of Moosilauke Brook, flows for nearly 3^ m^ through a series of glacial caverns and large pot-holes, for the most part under g:round. At one place it falls twenty feet within one of the caverns, and at another place, known as Paradise Fall, thirty feet in the open air. Trails, walks and lad- ders make the caverns accessible. The forest on the bluff above the stream contains some fine specimens of primeval spruce trees. In order to protect the forest and caverns in 191 1 one hundred and forty-eight acres of land surrounding Lost River, and in 1917 one hundred and fifty-two acres additional, were purchased by the Society for Pro- tection of New Hampshire Forests. The society has erected a shelter near-by, at which travellers may re- main over night for a fee of seventy-five cents. There 3i8 ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. is also a lunch room here. Camp sites will be rented at low rates on application to the Forester, Society for Protection of New Hampshire Forests, Franconia, N. H. To reach the Lost River from North Woodstock, follow the Breezy Point road about I m. beyond Agassiz Basin, then turn to the R. on the Kinsman Notch road, a State road leading to Wildwood. Following this road, easy in grade, a deserted lumbering village is soon traversed, after which the road ascends more steeply and about 6 m. from North Woodstock passes the cabin of the Society for Protection of New Hampshire Forests. From Lost River the Beaver Falls path up Mt. Moosilauke can be reached by continuing on the State road through Kinsman Notch for about 3^ m. to the deserted logging camps near Beaver Meadows. The trail leaves the S. side of the road near the cabins. (See p. 378.) To the N. of the road the Kinsman Ridge trail leads over Mt. Kinsman to Cannon Mt. (seep. 384). From Beaver Meadows the road can be followed down the course of the Wild Ammonoosuc River to Wildwood and Benton, from which point the Benton Path up Mt. Moosilauke (see p. 380) can be reached, and also the path from Easton up Mt. Kinsman (see p. 382). Loon Pond Mountain. Loon Pond Mountain (2,430 ft.) can be reached by following the railroad track S. from North Woodstock Station 3^ m. beyond the railroad bridge. Just be- fore reaching the yard limit sign the trail will be seen entering the bushes on the L. of the track. Immediate- ly crossing a brook, it enters the woods and follows at varying distances the N. bank of a small stream, keep- ing a general E. direction, and in about % m. joining ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. 319 an old logging road,* that leads back in a W. direction to Sunset Farm, and thence to the railroad track near the Fairview Hotel. The trail follows this road, crossing and recrossing the stream. About 2 m. up, the Russell Pond Path branches off to the R. (marked by a large sign) and about }/s m. further on the trail turns sharply to the L., crosses the brook on an old log, leaves the brook and becomes easier walking. It then descends slight- ly for some distance, passes through a little ravine where there is usually water, then swings to the E, and rises very sharply for about ^/g m. Becoming level again, the path reaches the summit (sign) and then turns abruptly to the L. and runs over the ledges through the bushes to the outlook, or west summit, the best view being to the W. The east summit, beyond the pond, is seldom visited. The trail to Loon Pond continues straight ahead at the last turn by the sign and descends steeply, reaching the pond in about 3^ m. When nearing the pondf care should be taken, as the way becomes somewhat in- distinct as it winds through the blueberry bushes. Distances. From the railroad to the logging road ^ m.; to Russell Pond Path 2 m.; to summit 3 m.; to the Pond 33^ m. Times. From the railroad to the logging road 30 min.; to Russell Pond Path i hr. 15 min.; to summit i hr. 45 min.; to the pond 2 hrs. ♦This road makes a convenient short cut for trampers coming from S. of North Woodstock. Ascending by this route, one should keep the most left hand road until the junction with the main path is reached, the branches to the R. leading up Russell Mountain rather than Loon Pond Mountain. fThe return to North Woodstock may be made on a trail which leaves close by the dam at the outlet of the lake, and descends the N. slope of the mountain through a fine evergreen forest. The path terminates at a dam on the East Branch. The logging rail- road on the opposite bank can be followed to Lincoln and North Woodstock. 320 ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. Russell Pond via Loon Pond Path. A somewhat indistinct trail leads from the Loon Pond Mountain path to Russell Pond. The point of departure from the Loon Pond Mountain path, about 2 m. up, is plainly marked by a large sign. The trail descends by an old logging road, S.W. of the height of land between Loon and Russell Mountains, then fol- lows the E. side of a brook-bed for perhaps 14: m-i crosses and leaves it, descends steeply, skirting the E. slope of Russell Mt. above the pond. The trail, although rough, is fairly well blazed from this point to the N. shore of the pond, from which a path leads W. along the shore to the camps and the way out to the Pemigewasset valley road. Distances.. From Loon Pond path to the height of land M rn. ; to shore of the pond 2 m. Times. To height of land 25 min.; to shore of the pond I hr. Russell Pond Path (Direct). The direct path to Russell Pond leaves the highway on the E. side of the Pemigewasset River, ]/^ m. below the Fairview House. It passes through a gate* on the L. of the highway and leads through a small, stony field into the woods. It is a much used wood road, passable even for carriages, and therefore unmistakable. The first half of the road is rather steep, but the latter half is easy walking. The road ends at the camps on the shore of the pond. Distance. From highway to the pond i3<^ m. Time. From highway to the pond 35 min. *The gate can be recognized as that first seen when, going S. from the Fairview House, a sugar house, a farmhouse and a second sugar house have been passed on the L. There is also a U. S. F. S. sign. ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. 321 Russell Pond and Thornton Gore. Just before reaching the outlet take the road to the R. along the S. shore of the pond. The trail bears to the R from this road, ascending and then descending for a short distance. It then enters a logging road which it follows out to the main logging road just after crossing Talford Brook. When reaching carriage road turn L. for Waterville and East Pond and R. for Woodstock. Russell Crag. The summit of Russell Mountain, S. of Loon Pond, is much overgrown and has few outlooks, but Russell Crag (2,200 ft.), a shoulder to the S., offers fine views. The path leaves the highway down the E. side of the Pemigewasset River at the fork before descending the hill to the Mountain Park Hotel. Passing E. through the pasture in the rear of Warden Brown's residence, it follows the S. side of the brook until it reaches an old logging road at a small hemlock tree (sign). It ascends this road through the woods in an E. and then S. direction to the top of the ridge. From there a line of blazes will be seen on the R., which leads to the summit and then continues S. along the ledges to the best view-points. The southernmost ledge gives an outlook into Thornton Gore. * *v^4!^*t Distance. From highway to summit % m. Time. From highway to summit 30 min. Parker Ledge. This view-point is easily reached, and is a popular climb for visitors at North Woodstock. Going S. from North Woodstock about 3^ m. on the State road W. of the river, the route turns to the R., just before reaching a tennis court, up the driveway (sign) leading to Villa Quisisana, a summer cottage. The drive soon branches near a large maple. The R". 322 ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. fork should be followed across the lawn in front of the cottage, beyond which a sign marks the entrance of the path into the woods. The path is well worn and unmistakable for ^ m. It then forks, the L. branch being taken. The path then bears to the S. and emerges on the ledges near the observatory. The distance from the road to the summit is about ]/2 m., and 20 min. should be allowed for the climb. Mt. Gilley. The original settlement in the town of Woodstock (then named Peeling) was on high ground about 2 m. W. of the present State road through the valley. It is now entirely abandoned, and the region is known as Mt. Cilley. The remains of the main street of the village, a number of detached farms and a milldam make it an interesting region for excursions, and various points afford excellent views. The elevations range from 1,350 ft. to 2,400 ft. For a full exploration of the region at least a full day is desirable and a guide very useful. The most accessible part is the village street, and the adjacent "Joe Smith Place" (about 1 ,800 ft.) affords good views. These may be approached from Grandview Mountain (as described under that heading) ; from the W. by the path from the old Warren road; from Elbow Pond; and from the State highway by the old road. The last named route is herewith described. About 2^^ m. S. of North Woodstock on the State road W. of the river the route turns to the R. into the old road at a pasture gate by the Smith place, and is marked with white and red paint marks. The road is no longer passable for vehicles. It rises easily through pastures and hardwood, and about i m. up crosses a brook beside which is an abandoned camp. The trail ends in a clearing, once the village street but now hard- ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. 323 ly recognizable except by the remains of stone walls, cellars and rosebushes. The way to the Joe Smith Place is immediately to the L. and follows a poorly defined road down across a little brook, then ascends W.S.W. to a second clearing, at the summit of which are the remains of the house surrounded by a broad tangle of rosebushes, a small shed and the remains of a barn. Distances. Highway to brook i m.; to village street i^ m.; to Joe Smith Place 23^ m. Times. Highway to brook 40 min.; to village street I hr. 15 min.; to Joe Smith Place i hr. 35 min. Mt. Grand view. This summit (about 2,300 ft.), just N. of Mt. Cilley, is accessible from it or from North Woodstock by the State road on the W. of the river. A painted trail (white and blue) turns W. from the highway about i m. S. of North Woodstock and leads for about 5 min. through a field in a S.W. direction. Then an excellent trail ascends at first gently, then more steeply through hardwood. At an elevation of 1,330 ft. a good spring is passed on the R. of the trail. Shortly before reaching the top, the trail rises steeply, bears to the L. and comes out in an E. direction into the open. The summit has been partly logged and the view (closed to the S.) includes a sweep from Mt. Moosi- lauke around through the Franconia Range, Mount Washington and the Twin Range to the Waterville mountains. An observatory is to be erected by the North Woodstock Improvement Association. Distances. Road to spring i3^ m.; to summit 2 m. Times. Road to spring i hr.: to summit i hr. 20 min. 324 ABOUT NORTH WOODSTOCK. Just W. of the summit a path diverges from the main path (painted white and blue), passes over an interesting valley and ridge through hardwood growth, and in about ^ m. reaches the main street at Mt. Cilley. Time, 30 min. The Joseph Story Fay Reservation. This reservation, one hundred and fifty acres in extent, the gift in 1897 of Miss Sarah B. Fay in memory of her father, whose name it bears, is in the towns of Woodstock and Lincoln, just N. of the village of North Woodstock, and lies along both sides of the stage road from North Woodstock to the Flume and Profile Houses. On the E. side of the road, and between it and the Pemigewasset River, lie two strips, generally long and narrow, but broadening out here and there into small grassy glades, revealing glimpses of the rapid stream. The main body of the reservation lies upon the W. side of the highway, and does not reach so near the thickly settled portion of the village as does the south strip of the river section. The reservation is open to the public, and paths have been cleared through it to make accessible the principal view-points and a footbridge to the island in the river. SECTION XVII. The Waterville Valley. General Information. The Waterville Valley is that part of the township of Waterville included in the watershed of Mad River. A road runs from Campton, on the Pemigewasset Valley branch of the Boston & Maine R. R., 13 m. up Mad River to a small clearing in the center of the valley, in which is situated a hotel called first Greeley's and later Elliott's. The road ends here, at an elevation of 1,550 ft. Mountains surround the valley, from which trails run over the passes to North Woodstock, the Pemigewasset Wilder- ness, the Carrigain region, Albany Intervale and the Sandwich country. The valley was granted to settlers as early as 1820, and years of effort to farm it followed. Fishermen's tales began to attract a boarder or two, and by i860 the most successful of the farmers, Nathaniel Greeley, began to realize that in that direction lay the future of the valley. From his farmhouse grew the present hotel, and his successors acquired all the cleared land in the valley. An association of guests has recently acquired the property. Summer visitors, combined as the Waterville Athletic and Improvement Asso- ciation, have opened and maintained many miles of trails. Local Guide. A local guide book with map, "The Waterville Valley," by A. L. Goodrich, may be consulted for details of history and description, for guidance on shorter local trails, and for further details of the trails described below. (32s) 326 THE WATERVILLE VALLEY. Mt. Osceola. Mt. Osceola (4,352 ft.; 4,307 ft. U. S. G. S.*), lies across the northern end of the valley. ^ North of it is the lumbered waste of the Pemigewasset Wilderness; Mad River Notch cuts it off from Mt. Kancamagus \ on the E. and Thornton Gap from Mt. Tecumseh on the S.W, Westward the Scar Ridge joins it to the low summits overlooking North Woodstock. The main trail climbs an easy S.W. buttress. Start- ing from the hotel it goes N. past Osceola cottage and crosses Mad River on a footbridge, turns to the L. a rod beyond and soon enters a logging road near a fork. Following the L. branch of the logging road through recent cuttings, it crosses the West Branch and turns to the R., the Tecumseh Path (see p. 328) soon forking to the L. The logging road again divides just before reaching* a logging camp seen in the distance. The trail follows the L. fork and in a few rods leads to the L. from the logging road, continues up past an outlook toward Mt. Tripyramid and again comes down to and crosses the logging road at a second logging camp.f The trail turns to the R. between the shacks and climbs steeply for a few rods to the terrace above the stream. From this point it is plain and without forks. Water is found at a spring just beyond the 23^ m. sign. From there to the 33^ m. sign the grade is steep. The trail is wooded to the summit, but a few yards beyond the 3 K m. sign there is another excellent outlook toward Mt. Tripyramid. *These elevations, determined in 1912, are provisional. They were adopted by the U. S. Geological Survey, but being based on incomplete data are subject to correction. fThe logging road may be used all the way to this point if pre- ferred (keeping to the L. at all forks) . It is longer and much gullied, especially above the camp first named, but keeps near the stream and loses no elevation. THE WATERVILLE VALLEY. 327 At ]4: m. below the summit Is another spring, near which is the cabin of the State fire warden; the new trail from Thornton Gore also comes in at this point. Just beyond the spring a loop trail leads to the L., to the lookout tower, and continues to the summit. The main trail passes the open log shelters maintained by the local association. Distances. Hotel to first camp i m.; to second camp i^ m.; to warden's cabin 3tI m.;to summit 4^ m. Time. Hotel to summit 2H to 3^^ hrs. Ravine Path. The Ravine Path, a rougher and steeper trail, used chiefly for descending, follows the crest ridge toward the East Peak to the col, and then strikes down to Osceola Brook. The Split Cliff is N. of the crest ridge, ^ m. from the summit, and is reached by a side path from the Ravine Path. The view and the cliff forma- tion are unusual. On the East Peak (no view) there are no accepted trails, although parties occasionally follow a surveyor's line along the crest ridge from the col, and then strike down to the top of one or the other of the long slides that fall into Mad River Notch. Scar Ridge. The Scar Ridge, running N.W. from the main sum- mit, is pathless, save for an old surveyor's line. Both slopes have been stripped by loggers. New Trail from Thornton Gore. A new trail up Mt. Osceola from the Woodstock side was |)locked out by the fire warden, C. B. Shiffer, in 191 5. While not so good as the old Waterville trail, it saves considerable distance and some elevation for persons coming from the W. The U. S. F. S. trail leaves the old Tripoli mill and follows logging roads N. and E., marked by arrows, until it meets in 3^ m. the nearer and easier route described as follows: 328 THE WATERVILLE VALLEY. This trail leaves the old railroad in Thornton Gore at the spur track, turning N. (L. in ascending from Woodstock) from the main track a little distance be- fore reaching the highest camp, about 73^ m. from North Woodstock. After three or four minutes ' walk, at the first large "landing" (R. in ascending), a main logging road is followed to the L., small arrow signs with pencil inscriptions occurring from time to time at junctions with branch roads. A copious cool hrook is crossed after about % m. and the road ascends more steeply, changing at length to another on a higher level, which bends to the N. At a pile of stones a path climbs up the bank (R.) and, entering the virgin forest, leads E. to the warden's cabin a short distance below the summit on the old path (see p. 326). Distances (approximate). From railroad to brook ^ m. ; to road on higher level 1 3^ m. ; to path entering woods 2 m.; to summit 2}4 ra. Time. From railroad to summit about 2 hrs. Mt. Tecumseh. Mt. Tecumseh (4,008 ft.; 3,911 ft. U. S. G. S.), is the highest and northernmost summit of the bulky mass of ridges which form the western wall of the valley. Thorn- ton Gap separates it from Mt. Osceola to the N.E.; to the W. and S.W. long ridges run out toward Wood- stock and Thornton. The trail ascends the N.E. buttress. It follows the Osceola trail (see above) and after crossing the West Branch turns to the L. From this point it is plain and the grade unrelenting. Water is found just below the 2 m. sign, except in seasons of drought. The trail is wooded to the open summit. Distances. Hotel to fork of Osceola trail % m.; to summit 3/I6 m. Time. Hotel to summit 2 to 2}^ hrs. THE WATERVILLE VALLEY. 329 Welch Mountain. From the summit of Mt. Tecumseh the crest ridge can be followed S. (no trail) over unimportant summits with uncertain names (Green, Fisher, Stone) to Welch Mountain, the fine rocky pile overlooking the Campton meadows. This route includes some scrub and many stretches of smooth ledges. Distance. Tecumseh to Welch Mountain 5 m. Time. 4 to 5 hrs. A path up Welch Mountain starts through the pasture belonging to the farm on the W. bank of Mad River at Six Mile Bridge. Enter pasture on N. side of road at top of hill above farmhouse. Follow cart track N. through pasture, turning R. at first fork, and immediately passing through an old orchard. At cellar hole just beyond, turn L. and climb to top of pasture, where trail starts through maples, soon com- ing to bare ledges. Marked by cairns and footway. Trail climbs first the conical S. peak. The flat N. peak though higher, has little more view. No water on mountain. Distance. iK ni. Sandwich Mountain. Sandwich Mountain, formerly called Sandwich Dome or Black Mountain (3,999 ft.), the westernmost summit of the Sandwich Range, closes the valley on the S. Westward it looks over the lower Mad River; on the S. and S.W. Sandwich Notch cuts off the Camp- ton and Holderness Mountains; to the N.E. a high col separates it from Flat Mountain in Waterville, while Cold River has cut a deep ravine between its eastern shoulder and the Flat Mountain in Sandwich. The summit is double, but the trails all ascend the westerly peak, as the easterly is wooded and affords 330 THE WATERVILLE VALLEY. . no view. The mountain can be climbed by the fol- lowing trails. Trail from Waterville. The trail from Waterville leaves the road at the S. end of Drake Brook bridge about 2 m.. below the , hotel and climbs steeply to Noon Peak, the outlook on which is reached by a few yards of side trail to the L. The main trail, resumed, then follows the curving, gradual ridge covered with some of the most beautiful ' mosses in the White Mountains, and passes numerous outlooks. Water, unfailing, is found on the W. side of the trail, which soon skirts the E. slope of Jennings Peak, the summit of which, M m. to the R., is reached by a steep side trail. The main trail swings more to the E. and climbs through woods to the open summit. Distances. From Hotel by road to trail lys m.; from road to Noon Peak i34 rn.; to summit 33^ m. Time. Road to summit 2 to 3 hrs. Algonquin Trail. This trail, cut in 1902 by the boys from Camp Algonquin, leaves the Sandwich Notch road at the top of the western divide (cairn in the open field) and climbs the high, open, S.W. shoulder, joining the Water- ville trail a few rods below the summit. This trail is better for descending, as the lowest 3^ m. has been cut to pieces by lumbering and is hard to follow in ascending. There is no water except near the road. Distance. Road to summit about 4 m. Time. Ascent 3 to 3 3^ hrs. Descent 2 hrs. Via Acteon Ridge. From Jennings Peak to the W. through Sachem Peak runs a ridge ending in the rocky humps of Bald Knob, which faces Welch Mountain across the mouth of the Mad River Valley. This ridge, sometimes called THE WATERVILLE VALLEY. 331 Acteon Ridge, is occasionally traversed (no path) and affords many outlooks and much variety of going. In ascending, take the upper road which runs E. from Six Mile Bridge about i m. and then turn into wood roads to the R. for 3^ m. more until the roads turn down hill. From this point strike to the L. up hill about N.E. for the ridge. There is no water above the road. Distance. From road to Jennings Peak about 3 m. Time. 3 to 4 hrs. (For Sandwich Bennett St. Trail and Low Trail see p. 373 and p. 374.) Mt. Tripyramid. Mt. Tripyramid (North Peak 4,189 ft.; 4,121 ft. U. S. G. S.; 4,253 ft. Yate Forest School; Middle Peak 4,156 ft.; South Peak 4,139 ft.), stands between the Waterville Valley on the W. and the Albany Intervale on the E. The high col of Livermore Pass (2,822 ft. U. S. G. S.) separates it from Mt. Kancamagus on the N.; southward a high ridge joins it to Mt. Whiteface. On the N.Wrface of the North Peak and the S.W. face of the South Peak are the huge slides which are the mountain's chief attraction. The South Slide fell in 1869 and 1885, the North in 1885. The rock thus laid bare has proved of much interest to geologists (see American Journal of Science, April, 191 1). Description. The usual route of ascent follows the Livermore Trail (see p. 336) nearly to Avalanche Camp. A few rods S. of the camp it turns to the R into a branch logging road and crosses Avalanche Brook. About 14. m- further on the road forks, the R. fork going to the South Slide and the L. fork to the North Slide. The route follows the L. fork until the road ends; from that point the brook should be fol- lowed. In about 14, ni. the foot of the slide will be reached. 332 THE WATERVILLE VALLEY. There is no marked trail up the North Slide. One has been cut from the E. corner of the top of the west- ern section of the slide to the summit of the North Peak. A rough trail runs along the wooded crest (good outlooks on each peak) and down to the W. tip of the South Slide. There is no water on the mountain. In descending the South Slide, the brook at the bottom is followed to the small flume called "The V." From the upper end of the flume, on the N. bank, a trail that soon strikes a logging road leads back to the fork near Avalanche Camp, on the route of ascent. From the S. bank of the "V" a trail crosses the ridge on a contour and descends to Cascade Brook and strikes the Whiteface Air Line, which can be followed to Waterville. While this route may be reversed it is easier to climb the North Slide and descend the South Slide. Distances. Hotel to Avalanche Camp 2]/^ m.; to foot of^iMorth Slide about 3% m.; to North Peak about 4^ m.; North Peak to South Peak about i m.; South Peak to Hotel about 4^^ m. by either route. Times. From Hotel to foot of North Slide 2 hrs.; to North Peak 33^ hrs.; across the peaks about i hr.; return to Hotel via the South Slide 2)^ hrs. Sleeper Trail. The poorly spotted Sleeper Trail to Mt. Whiteface leaves the South Slide well up on the E. side, following the high double-dome ridge which joins Mts. Tripyramid and Whiteface. The E. end of this trail has been obliterated by lumbering. The domes may well be called The Sleepers or Sleeper Ridge. For a route up Mt. Tripyramid from the Albany side see p. 375. Mt. Whiteface. Mt. Whiteface (4,057 ft.) is reached from Water- ville by the Woodbury Trail 63^ m. long, chiefly the THE WATERVILLE VALLEY. 333 work of W. R. Woodbury, P. R. Jenks and C. W. Blood. Water is plentiful on this trail. (See also p. 37I-) Woodbury Trail. Leaving the hotel at the E. end, the trail ascends the walk, passing between the highest cottages. At the edge of the pasture the Livermore Trail forks to the L., the Woodbury Trail passing through the fence and continuing straight ahead into hardwood growth where the blazings are not obvious but the foot-way is well worn. The trail climbs steeply for about 3^ m., then more gradually for J^ m., when it turns slightly to the R. and runs nearly level 1 3^ m. to Cascade Brook, which it crosses. The cut-off to Mt. Tripyramid and the older and longer trail down Cas- cade Brook, here fork to the L. The trail then follows the brook quite closely. In about i m. the trail to Flat Mountain Ponds forks to the R. and* at about the same point the main trail begins climbing the S.W. spur which juts from the Sleeper Ridge. Surmounting this ridge at an elevation of about 3,400 ft., it crosses first the head waters of Cold River and then the head waters of Downes Brook. Here the Sleeper Trail, p. 332, formerly forked to the L. This section of the trail was crossed by lumbering in 19 13 and a cut-off to Mt. Passaconaway, forking to the L., was obscured. From this point the trail climbs to the Rollins Summit Path on the second of the series of humps which form the summit of Mt. Whiteface. (To the L. the Rollins Path leads to Mt. Passaconaway. See p. 368.) The view to the W. just before reaching this junction is superior to that from the main peak. Turning to the R. on the Rollins Path, the trail descends to the S., passes Camp Shehadi and climbs the main ledgy summit. Water will be found a few rods down the Blueberry Ledge Trail (see p. 366). 334 ' THE WATERVILLE VALLEY. Distances. Hotel to Cascade Brook 2}/^ m.; to Flat Mountain Pond Path 33^ m.; to height of land 43^ m.; to Downes Brook 5% m,; to Rollins Path 63^ m.; to summit 6% m. Time. From, Hotel to summit 33^ to 43^ hrs. Mt. Kancamagus. Mt. Kancamagus (3,724 ft.) is a mass of rounded ridges on the triangular space between Mts. Tripyra- mid, Osceola and Huntington. It forms the E. wall of Mad River Notch. Two cliffs facing S.W. are reached by blazed trails from the Greeley Ponds Path, but the summits are wooded and pathless. Trails Leading Out of the Valley. To the Sandwich-Tamworth Country. The trails over Mt. Whiteface and Sandwich Moun- tain have already been described (see above). There is a third trail to the same region via the Flat Moun- tain Ponds, that was used in the '6o's and '70's and reopened in 1905-06. It leaves the Mt. Whiteface trail where it last touches Cascade Brook, 3^^ m. from the Hotel, and climbs over the low ridge to the swampy shelf that feeds Snow Brook. The trail is somewhat blind and is crossed by surveyor's lines. From there it passes through Lost Pass (2,900 ft.), — the col between Flat Mountain and a buttress of Sleeper Ridge, — and follows the Pond Brook to Flat Mountain Ponds. From the upper end of the upper pond the trail turns sharply to the E. across a small divide and follows down McGaffey River, coming out at the brick house in Whiteface Intervale (see p. 372). Distances. From Hotel to Pond trail 33^ m.; to Flat Mountain Ponds about 6 m.; to Whiteface Intervale about 93^ m. tHE WATERVILLE VALLEY. 335 Times. From Hotel to Flat Mountain Ponds 33^ hrs.; to Whiteface Intervale 5 hrs. Another trail continuing on the E. side of the upper pond and by the lower pond follows down Pond Brook about 23^ m, to "Bennett street" in Sandwich, which is the starting point of the Sandwich Trail to Sandwich Mountain (see p. 373). At Great Fall about 2 m. be- low the Ponds, another trail up Sandwich Mountain forks to the W. across the brook (see p. 374). To North Woodstock. This trail follows the Osceola route (see p. 326) to the second logging camp and continues up the logging road along the West Branch past a third camp to the height of land in Thornton Gap (2,332 ft. U. S. G. S,), the pass between Mts. Osceola and Tecumseh. From this point }/2 m. of trail leads to the destructive log- ging in Thornton Gore. The abandoned logging railroad is then followed to Woodstock Station or to the Pemigewasset River road about 3}^ m. S. of North Woodstock. A new^iiail up Osceola from the Wood- stock side leaves the logging railroad at the spur track just below the highest camp (see p. 327). Distances. Waterville to height of land 43^ m.; to North Woodstock 14 m. Time. Waterville to North Woodstock 5 to .6^ hrs. To the Pemigewasset Wilderness. This trail runs through the fine Mad River Notch (2,303 ft. U. S. G. S.) between Mts. Osceola and Kancamagus, to the S. fork of the Hancock Branch where it joins the Swift River — Lincoln Trail. From this fork Mt. Hancock, the Twin Range, etc., can be reached, as described elsewhere. From the hotel the trail goes N. past Osceola Cot- tage, crosses Mad River on the foot-bridge, and at the 336 THE WATERVILLE VALLEY. fork keeps to the R. parallel with the river. Recent cutting is reached in 34 rn-. and for another yi m. the trail is hard to indicate. It passes between the central logging camp (on the L.) and the river, crosses the main E. (Slide Brook) logging road, and follows the tributary road paralleling Mad River on the W. (see map).* The trail passes to the W. of both Greeley Ponds, over the low divide N. of the upper pond and then pitches down to the Hancock Branch. This trail, beyond the Ponds, has not been cleared for several years. Distances. Hotel to upper Greeley Pond \}/2 m.; to Swift River — Lincoln Trail 6 m. Time. Hotel to Swift River — Lincoln Trail 2 to 23^ hrs. To Albany Intervale, Garrigain and Crawford Notch. This (A. M. C.) path is generally known as the Liver- more Trail. Though its limits are somewhat inde- terminate, it may be said to run from Elliott's Hotel to Sawyer River Station on the Maine Central R. R. It was opened in 1879 with funds subscribed by the 1878 meeting of the American Institute of Instruction, to take the place of an earlier trail from Waterville to the Crawford Notch opened in i860, but later aban- doned. This earlier trail, a bridle path, ran out through Mad River Notch and around the flank of Mt. Huntington to Sawyer River. It was one of the earliest "through trails." A sign belonging to it, still preserved reads "Mt. Washington 28 miles, Old Crawford House." fLeaving the hotel at the E. end, the path ascends and passes between the two highest cottages. At the edge of the pasture it turns to the L. and follows the *An alternate way, surer and but little longer, is to follow the logging road all the way from the hotel, keeping to the R. at the first main fork, and to the L. at the second. tSee note, p. 337. THE WATERVILLE VALLEY. 337 Cascade Path which climbs the hill on a long diagonal. Passing a neglected outlook and a spring it then drops to Cascade Brook, crosses it a few yards up and proceeds over a low divide to Slide Brook, which is reached at the vanished clearing known as Beckytown. Crossing the brook to the logging road on the opposite bank and turning to the R., the trail follows the road to Avalanche Camp 2}/z m., just before reaching which the trail to Mt. Tripyramid forks to the R. (see p. 331). Just be- yond the camp the main path turns to the L. into the woods and up hill. A sharp climb of ^ m. follows to the edge of a rather level shelf, along which it runs i3^ m., crossing several small brooks, to Washington Outlook, a fine view-point on the E. side of Livermore Pass (2,822 ft. U, S. G. S.), the col between Mts. Tripyramid and Kancamagus.* After a short but steep drop from the pass the trail follows old lumber roads to the Swift River at the old logging camp site known as Camp 6, where it meets the logging railroad and crosses the river and the Swift River Trail. Thence it follows the logging railroad along Meadow Brook and crosses an imper- ceptible divide to Sawyer River at a point known in Waterville as The Switch. From this point the railroad is followed to Livermore Mills and then the railroad or carriage road to Sawyer River Station. *NoTE. An enormous blowdown made a relocation necessary, and logging operations make any location temporary. The above is allowed to stand, as it may be reopened, but the trail as now (1919) in use is as follows: Follow route to Greeley Ponds as far as lumber camp at junction of Flume Brook and Mad River. Turn R. up S. bank of Flume Brook, following logging road to dam. Just beyond dam turn L., crossing brook and following logging road up North Fork of Flume Brook, which is crossed many times. When the ravine opens out into a small flat, with steep logged slope on R., watch for signs. Trail enters uncut woods beyond the logged slope, turning a little to the R. and climbing steeply. At top it bends sharply to the R. and soon joins the old trail about J^ m. S.W. of Washington Outlook. 338 THE WATERVILLE VALLEY. A cut-off from this trail (about 53>^ m. from Water- ville) to the Swift River Trail shortens the distance between Water ville and Albany Intervale, Distances. From. Waterville to height of land (Washington Outlook) 4^ m.; to cut-off to Albany- Intervale 5^^ m.; to Camp 6, 7^ m.; to The Switch ' about 9% m.; to Livermore about 133^ m.; to Sawyer River Station about 15 m. " ' Times. Waterville to Washington Outlook 2 hrs. ; to Camp 6, 3 hrs. 10 min.; to The Switch 3 hrs. 50 min.; to Livermore 4 hrs. 50 min.; to Station 5 hrs. 20 min. These times (walking time only; stops not included) are the averages of fifteen recorded trips in both di- rections. To harmonize with other times in this book 6/^ to 7 hrs. should be allowed for the trip. Short Walks. For these walks the local guide book should be con- sulted. Those most worthy of mention are to Greeley Ponds (4 to 43^ m.) in Mad River Notch; The Scaur (23^ m.), a ledge affording a remarkable view; and the huge boulders of Davis Park (2^^ m.). O M X CO % i)\ \ V- ""r , ^^ k -^ . slip SI fl:^ CO -4- SECTION XVIII. The Sandwich Range. General Features. The Sandwich Range extends from the vicinity of Conway on the Saco River westward to Campton on the Pemigewasset, a distance of about thirty miles. Rising somewhat abruptly from the comparatively flat lake country to summits of 4,000 feet, it commands views combining mountain and water scenery as the higher ranges to the north do not. The range itself is seen to great advantage by the northbound railroad traveller looking from Weirs across Lake Winnepesaukee or from several of the stations in Ossipee on the In- tervale line. The most conspicuous and picturesque mountain is Mt. Chocorua at the eastern end of the range, a rocky cone 3,540 feet high. A little south of west is the irregu- lar ledgy mass oi Mt. Paugus (3,200 ft.), midway be- tween Mts. Chocorua and Passaconaway, the latter ris- ing as a graceful wooded peak to 4, 1 16 feet. Southwest of Mt. Passaconaway lies Mt. Whiteface, distinguished by bare precipitous cliffs south of its summit (4,057 ft.). Further in the same direction. Flat Mountain (2,700ft.), connects Mt. Whiteface with the prominent wooded ridge of Sandwich Mountain (formerly known as Sand- wich Dome or Black Mountain (4,071 ft.). This is flanked on the south by Mt. Israel in Sandwich and on the west by Mt. Weetamoo in Campton. On the north Mt. Tripyramid, northwest of Mt. Whiteface, separates the valley of the Mad River in Waterville from that of the Swift River in Albany. Considerable areas on Mts. Chocorua, Paugus, Passa- conaway and Whiteface have been included in National Forest purchases under the Weeks Act. (339) 340 THE SANDWICH RANGE. The most convenient climbing centres for the Sand- wich Range are the Clement Inn (formerly Piper's), Chocorua Village, Wonalancet, Waterville and the Albany Intervale. The Passaconaway House in the Albany Intervale was burned in I9i6,but a new hotel, the Swift River Inn, has been built on the old site. The nearest railroad stations are Conway for the Albany Intervale, Madison for Clement Inn and Mt. Whittier for Wonalancet and Chocorua village, all three stations being on the Portland Division of the Boston & Maine R. R. The Wonalancet Out-Door Club and the Chocorua Mountain Club have rendered useful service in cutting and maintaining trails. Camps will be found near the summits of Mts. Chocorua, Whiteface, Paugus and Pas- saconaway. The Peak House on Mt. Chocorua was blown down in September, 19 15. Local guide books have been issued for the Wona- lancet and Waterville districts, and there is also a little pamphlet entitled "Walks, Tramps and Drives about the Piper House," covering principally Mt. Chocorua and its eastern slopes. Beals' "Passaconaway in the White Mountains" is a description of the Albany Inter- vale, with a charming and exhaustive summary of its history and traditions. Mt. Chocorua. Mt. Chocorua (3,540 ft.) is abundantly supplied with paths. Persons coming by road from Conway or other points to the north of the mountain, or from Clement Inn, should take the Piper Path or the Weetamoo Branch of the Hammond Path. The nearest station on the Boston & Maine R. R. is Madison, about 4 m. by highway from the foot of Hammond Path. From Cho- corua Village the Hammond Path is the best route. From Tamworth take either the Liberty Path or the THE SANDWICH RANGE. 341 Brook Path, the former being easier and the latter more attractive. From Wonalancet approach the mountain via Mt. Mexico Farm, Paugus Mill and the Brook Path, or drive to the foot of the Liberty Path. From the Albany Intervale take the Champney Falls Trail, which has recently been reopened. Between Mt. Paugus and Mt. Chocorua the direct route is by the Chocorua Mountain Club's "Bee Line" Paths. (See pp. 346 and 352.) Piper Trail. This trail was first blazed years ago by Joshua Piper, and the following description is taken, with some changes, from "Walks, Tramps and Drives about the Piper House." Starting from the gate opposite the Clement Inn, the trail leads by a cart-road, across the small brook to the old sap house, just before reaching which the Weetamoo Trail branches off on the L. From the sap house the trail goes on through the upper pasture on the R. (E.) side, crossing the brook. The cart-road narrows to a foot-path and is easily followed, crossing two or three brook-beds, to the large Chocorua Brook. From this point the trail is plain and easy for Y2 m. or more, where the steep climbing begins. When the ledges are reached the trail is plainly marked by yellow paint and cairns. Camp Upweekis and the short side trail to Camp Penacook (see p. 350) are passed about % m. below the first ledges. The last sure water is obtained here. About 3 min. above Camp Upweekis and 100 ft. to the R. (N.)of the trail is Camp Penacook, built in 1916 by members of the Chocorua Mountain Club. It is an open cabin, accommodates eleven persons, and is equipped with cooking utensils. It commands a fine view of the peak. Between the N. and main peaks the Champney Falls Trail comes in on the R. in ascending. 342 THE SANDWICH RANGE. Distance. From Inn to summit a little over 3H m. Time. From Inn to summit 3 hrs. Old Piper Trail. This trail formerly left the newer trail 3^ m. beyond Chocorua Brook and went over the northern spurs. It is now obscured and overgrown. It rejoined the new trail above the timber line, and was at least Y2 m. longer. Hammond Path. This path starts near the old Hammond farm, now the summer home of Miss Putnam. The house is on a by-way about H rn. long, which leaves the W. side of the State road about 2 m. N. of the Chocorua Inn. The path will be found on the R. of the by-way, just before reaching the farm, and in sight of it. It follows a brook for about 3^ m. and then crosses it and ascends a ridge sometimes called Bald Mountain. It then follows a rocky ridge and finally joins the Liberty Path yi m- below the site of the Peak House. The Liberty Path is then followed to the summit (see p. 344). On the ledges care should be taken to fol- low the cairns. Water is sometimes found in a spring on the L. of the path about midway between the first ledges and the Peak House. A short distance above the spring there is a cut-off (on the R.) to the site of the Peak House, avoiding the Liberty Path. In de- scending, this cut-off will be found on the L. of the Liberty Path, about 300 yds. below the house, the junction being marked by a sign. There is an ob- scure spot where it turns sharply about a ledge a short distance below the Liberty Path. In descend- ing, the junction with the Liberty Path will be found about 3^ m. below the site of the Peak House, on the L., marked by a sign. THE SANDWICH RANGE. 343 Distances. Hammond farm to Liberty Path 2% m.; to site of Peak House 3 m.; to summit 33^ m. Times. Hammond farm to Liberty Path 2 hrs. 10 min.; to site of Peak House 2 hrs. 30 min.; to sum- mit 3 hrs. 15 min. Descent, 2 hrs. 30 min. Weetatnoo Branch. This most attractive and varied path connects the lower end of the Piper Trail with the Hammond Path well up in "the ledges. It leaves the Piper Trail on the L. just before reaching the sap house, passing through a gate almost in sight of it. It leads through Weetamoo Glen 3^ m. from Clement Inn, and crosses the main stream and two rivulets (last sure water) . About i J^ m. from the Inn it passes an immense boulder, Weeta- moo Rock, and soon joins the Hammond Path on the lower ledges. In descending, it leaves the latter on the L. (marked by a sign). Distance. From Clement Inn to summit of Chocorua 3H m. Time. From Clement Inn to summit of Chocorua 3 hrs. 15 min. Chase and Skull Cairn Trails. These trails, ascending the mountain from the S., cannot readily be followed by one unfamiliar with them, as the blazes are now somewhat obscure and are confused by surveyor's lines. Their lower ends are unmarked. See map. Above their junction the Skull Cairn Trail is easily followed to its end. The junction with the Hammond Path is marked with three blazes set vertically, about 300 yards down the Hammond Path from the Liberty Path. There is no sure water. Liberty Path. This path is a very old one. It was improved some- what by James Liberty in 1887, and further developed 344 THE SANDWICH RANGE. as a wagon road and bridle-path by David Knowles and Newell Forrest in 1892. Since its improvement the path has been a toll route under State charter. At present no toll is charged. Nathaniel Berry and James Liberty began a stone house near where the Peak House (built by Mr. Knowles in 1892) stood until blown down in September, 19 15. The path starts at the Durrell farm, which is on a short road branching off to the N. from the highway between Wonalancet and Chocorua Lake, just E. of the bridge over Paugus Brook. The path continues as a good carriage road for about Y^ m. beyond Durrell's. Here the Liberty Path branches off to the R., the straight road continuing to Paugus Mill. Above this junction the road is steep, but passable for carriages to the Half -Way House, where vehicles are left. From here a bridle-path climbs to the site of the Peak House. While the path is easily followed by pedestrians, it has been so badly washed out above the Half -Way House as to be practically impassable for horses. The Hammond Path joins the Liberty Path on the high shoulder of the m.ountain about 3^ m. below the site of the Peak House, the cut-off being }/i m. further on. Some thirty yards S.W. of the site of the Peak House is usually a puddle of water, but it is often dirty. From the house the climber ascends the well-miarked but steep path up the rocky cone with the aid of stairs and handrails. They are not always in good repair and caution should be used. Well up on the peak the path crosses a plateau where a fire warden's station is located, this being the meeting place of the Liberty and Brook Paths. Directly back of the cabin is a spring, good except in dry seasons. From this point the path swings to the R. (N.E.) and ascends quite steeply the W. slope of the cone. THE SANDWICH RANGE. 345 In descending, the upper end of the path will be found in a little gully running W. from a point about 25 ft. S. of the highest rocks. Distances. Durrell farm to Half- Way House 1]/^ m.; to Peak House 3 m.; to summit 3^ m. Times. Durrell farm to Half- Way House 45 min.; to Peak House 2 hrs. 15 min.; to summit 3 hrs. Descent 2 hrs. Brook Path. This path was cut by the country people to enable them to reach the blueberries on the upper ledges without paying toll. It is perhaps the most beautiful of the many paths on Mt. Chocorua. Follow the road leading N. from the Durrell Farm toward Paugus Mill, avoiding the Liberty Road which branches to the R. about 3^ m. from Durrell's. About 300 yards further on the Brook Path leaves on the R., marked by a sign. After 3^ m. it joilis a new logging road, and, ill another }4, m. it crosses to the N. bank of Clay Bank Brook. About 14. m- beyond this cross- ing the cut-off from Paugus Mill comes in on the L., and in another 34 rn. it recrosses to the S. bank, where it remains, sometimes at quite a distance from the brook, well into the ravine, ascending by moderate grades. Finally it swings to the L. and crosses a small tributary and then the main stream (only 20 ft. apart), the last sure water. The path then climbs sharply through tall spruces to the steep open ledges, upon which it is marked by cairns. Just above the tree line the Chocorua Mountain Club's "Bee Line" Path comes in on the L. Some rods above this point it i^eaches a small plateau upon which is situated the fire warden's hut. Here it joins the Liberty Path (coming in on the R.) and the latter is followed to the summit (see p. 344). 346 THE SANDWICH RANGE. In descending, keep to the R. at the fire warden's hut and to the L. at the junction of the "Bee Line" Path just below it. Keep to the L. again at the junction of the Paugus Mill cut-ofT (sign) at the bottom of the valley. Distances. From Durrell farm to first crossing of Clay Bank Brook i m.; last water 3 m.; first ledge 3^ m.; fire warden's hut 4 m.; to summit 43^ m. Times. From Durrell farm to brook 30 min.; to last water i hr. 45 min.; to first ledge 2 hrs. 15 min.; to fire warden's hut 3 hrs.; to summit 3 hrs. 15 min. Descent, 2 hrs. 30 min. "Bee Line" Path (C. M. C). This path leaves the main Paugus Valley logging road at the site of Mason's Camp, the first lumber camp N. of Paugus Mill. The junction is marked by a yellow sign of the Chocorua Mountain Club. The path follows a lumber road, marked by path signs and yellow blazes, to the head-wall of a long ravine which runs from the high western shoulder of Mt. Chocorua to the Paugus Valley. At the head of the ravine the path leaves the road, crossing a brook to the R., and ascends sharply the E. side of the ravine through a recent burn, where the path is obscure. Leaving the burn, it joins a steep slide which it follows to within 100 yds. or so ot its junction with the Brook Path below the fire warden's hut. Water is usually obtained at this point. In descending, follow the right hand telephone line from the fire warden's hut; the cairns are poor. The telephone line leads directly to the head of the slide and follows the path throughout to the Paugus Valley. This path, with the Chocorua Mountain Club path on Mt. Paugus (see p. 352), makes a "bee line" be- tween the summits of Mts. Paugus and Chocorua and is most used by parties going from one summit to the other. THE SANDWICH RANGE. 347 Distances. From Berry's or Durrell's at the S. end of Paugus Mill road to lower end of the Bee Line Path 2.Y1 rn-; to junction with Brook Path 4^ m.; to summit 43^ m. Times. Berry's or Durrell's to lower end of the Bee Line Path i3^ hrs.; to junction with Brook Path 3}^ hrs.; to summit 33^ hrs. Champney Falls Trail. This path was originally built by Prof. J. S. Pray. In 191 5 the part above Champney Falls was destroyed by fire and the ground rendered so treacherous that a relocation was desirable. This relocation was made for the A. M. C. by the local Forest Ranger in the summer of 1919, and has been cut through to the junc- tion with the Piper Trail at the foot of the Cone. The trail leaves the Conway-Passaconaway high- way at a point about 3 m. E. of Swift River Inn. Twin Brook crosses the road at this point and the Allen and Champney Falls Cottages are close by. The Bolles Trail to Paugus Mills is a few hundred feet to the W. By very easy grades the trail reaches the first crossing of Champney Brook in about ten minutes' walk. Soon a second crossing is made and the site of an old logging camp is crossed. Twice more the trail crosses Champ- ney Brook before it finally proceeds along the W. bank, gradually rising higher and higher above the brook bed. To reach the Falls one turns L. at the third brook crossing and proceeds up the E. side of the brook. An old logging road crosses above the Falls and leads back into the trail. This route to the Fails is over- grown with bushes and passable only with difficulty. After leaving the brook the trail rises by comparatively easy but constant grades along the E. side of the ridge. Splendid views are obtained from the time the trail begins to rise from the hardwood forest. Near the top 348 THE SANDWICH RANGE. of the ridge the trail passes along broken ledges from which a spring issues. It is believed this water is con- stant. Just beyond the spring the trail turns to the R. and follows a shallow gulley and up a small ravine to the fire-swept ledges below the main ridge of the mountain. Bearing S. for a short distance and then E., it mounts the bare ledges N. of the point where the old trail debouched and N. of the point where the Piper Trail reaches the main ridge. From the ledges the trail proceeds S., joins the Piper Trail and the as- cent of the Cone is made by the path marked plainly with cairns. Distances. From highwa}^ to point just above Champney Falls 2 m.; to spring 3 m.; to Piper Trail 33^ m.; to summit 4 m. Times. To Falls i hr. 15 min.; to spring 2 hrs.; to Piper Trail 2 hrs. 30 min.; to sum^mit 3 hrs. Path from Wonalancet to Paugus Mill and Brook Path. This path is included here because, with the Brook Path, it is the most direct route for those who wish to ascend Mt. Chocorua from Wonalancet, walking the whole distance. It also offers a route from Wonalancet to Mt. Mexico Farm, to the Bolles Trail and the C. M. C. Bee Line Paths up Mts, Chocorua and Paugus. The path leaves the Wonalancet highv/ay just E. of the height of land and 3^ m. from Wonalancet Farm, its junction with the highway being marked by a sign. A short, easy mile brings one to the top of a spur of Mt. Mexico, affording a fine view to the S. and E., also excellent blackberries in their season. Descend- ing sharply to Mt. Mexico Farm, the path crosses the clearing and then a wooded ridge to Paugus Mill. Directly across the road (which has replaced the Bolles Trail) and the stream, the path again enters THE SANDWICH RANGE. 349 the woods and terminates at its junction with the Brook Path (see p. 345). Distances. Highway to Mt. Mexico Farm % m.; to Paugus Mill 2^4: m.; to Brook Path 3 m.; to summit of Chocorua 63^ m. Times. Highway to Mt. Mexico Farm 20 min.; to Paugus Mill I hr.; to Brook Path i hr. 20 min.; to summit of Chocorua 4 hrs. The BoUes Trail or Lost Trail. An old logging road from Tamworth to Albany be- tween Mts. Paugus and Chocorua was reopened by the late Frank Belles in 1891. Some years ago it was de- stroyed by lumbermen and a new logging road which replaced it was partly destroyed by fire in 19 15. The U. S. F. S. has again reopened it. Paugus Mill, at its S. extremity is reached by a road from Berry's farm or from Durrell's, both on the highway from Wonalancet to Chocorua Village. Its N. extremity is just W. of the brook at "The Cottages" on the Albany Road about 3 m. E, of Swift River Inn. Starting at the S. end, the trail crosses Paugus Brook at the upper end of the mill-pond and keeps to the E. bank nearly all the way to the head of the valley. In ^ m. the trail to. Mt. Paugus diverges to the L. In 0.7 m. more the Bee Line Trail from Mt. Chocorua to Mt. Paugus is crossed. The trail soon crosses a brook running W. and, 2 m. from Paugus Mill, reaches Paugus Brook just E. of an old camp. For some dis- tance further the path is indistinct. It ascends the head of the valley, beginning at a point at the L. of a gully which runs nearly straight up the mountain- side. Directly ahead is a prominent pinnacle, burned and bare. About half-way up the slope the trail crosses the gully and passes to the R. close under the pinnacle. Here it enters the head of an old logging 350 THE SANDWICH RANGE. road in the green growth, and the rest of the trail is fairly clear. It crosses and recrosses Twin Brook, which finally turns sharply E., 0.2 m. from the Albany Highway. This trail has been turned ovei by the A. M. C. to the U. S. F. S. The committee is informed that it will be cleared and relocated during the summer of 1920 in substantially the same route as that described. Distances. Paugus Mill to Bee Line Trail 1.2 m.; to crossing of Paugus Brook 2 m.; to height of land 3 m.; to Twin Brook 3.4 m.; to highway 5 m. Times. To Bee Line Trail 35 min.; Paugus Brook I hr.; height of land 2 hrs.; Twin Brook 2 hrs. 15 min.; Albany highway 3 hrs. Gamps Upweekis and Penacook. These camps are the property of the Chocorua Mountain Club, and are open to the public. Camp Upweekis is located on the Piper Trail about J^ m. be- low the ledges. There is good water near it. It is an open shelter accommodating about five persons. It is unequipped. Camp Penacook was built in 19 16 by the C. M. C. It is near Camp Upweekis, on a ledge commanding a view to the S. It accommodates 1 1 persons. It is un- equipped. A short trail from Camp Upweekis and an- other from the Piper Trail higher up lead to it. Mt. Paugus. This low but rugged summit, named by Lucy Larcom for the Pequawket chief who led in the battle of Lovell's Pond, is lower than Mts. Chocorua and Passaconaway on either side of it, and so gives intimate views of those mountains not otherwise obtainable. Its summit (3,200 ft.) is wooded, but there are bare ledges a short distance S. of it, and on these all paths end. It is THE SANDWICH RANGE. 351 separated from the Wonalancet highway by the ridge of Mt. Mexico. Paugus Brook lies between Mts. Mexico and Paugus, Trails ascend Mt, Paugus from the S.E. and from the W., affording in combination an interesting circuit. Logging operations in the valley between Mts, Paugus and Mexico have destroj^^ed all trails in the vicinity of Big Rock Cave, including the upper ends of the three paths from the Wonalancet highway and the lower (S.) part of the Bickford Path, The three paths referred to formerly ran to the Cave from Locke Falls Cottage, Mt. Mexico Farm and the road near Wonalancet Farm. The Wonalancet Farm Path is still useful as it is open to its junction with the Cabin Trail, and probably to the Ridge Path, though the com^mittee lacks precise information on the latter point. It leaves the highway a short distance E, of the bridge by a short road leading to Miss Dupee's summer cottages, taking the R. Fork. The Cabin Trail bra nches to the L. just above the Cabin. Path from Paugus Mill; Bickford Path. Historically, all but the newly blazed lumber roads which this route utilizes are parts of the old Bickford Path, the southern portion of which has been destroyed. The path which led from Paugus Mill has been relo- cated along a new logging road, leading to the R, (W.), just beyond the small office building, and marked with yellow blazes. It soon crosses to the N, side of Brown Brook and follows a secondary road up the val- ley side to the N., where it regains the Bickford Path from Big Rock Cave at the bottom of a narrow, gravel- ly slide leading to the base of a cliff. The trail, now marked by blue blazes and occasional yellow spots, skirts this to the N.E. At the N. side of a small logged area the Bee Line Trail comes in on the E. 352 THE SANDWICH RANGE. (R.). A quarter m. below the summit ledges is Camp Shag (3,000 ft.) of the C. M. C. (p. 354) on a short branch to the N. (sign). Just beyond is a pool of water and a tiny stream, which the main path crosses. This is the last water. The path ends on open ledges S. of the true summit. There is a cairn with an A. M. C. cylinder. In descending, the path will be found at E. end of the ledges, marked by a sign. Keep to the R. at the junction with the Bee Line Trail. Distances. Paugus Mill to Bickford Path ij^ m.; to Bee Line Trail 2 34 m.; to summit ledges 3 m. Times. To Bickford Path i hr.; Bee Line Trail 1% hrs.; summit 23^ hrs. Ghocorua Mt. Club's "Bee Line" Path. This path, marked by yellow blazes, leaves the main Paugus Valley logging road at Mason's Camp, forming a continuation of the C. M. C. path from Mt. Chocorua (see p. 346). The junction is marked by a yellow sign. Crossing the stream and then a narrow ridge, the path follows lumber roads up the steep side of the ridge to its junction with the Bickford Path near the top of the ridge. A branch of the Bee Line path leaves the road about ]4. m. above Paugus Mill, following a lumber road, and the two join on the ridge. The junctions are marked by yellow C. M. C. signs, and the path itself by yellow blazes. Water can be obtained, after leav- ing the Paugus Valley, at a brook just above the junc- tion of the two branches; also at a spring to the R. of the path about half-way up the ridge, and at the swampy spring just below the summit. In descending, the junction with the Bickford Path is indicated by a sign, the Bee Line Path being the left hand branch. There is a fine view of Mt. Chocorua just below this point. THE SANDWICH RANGE. 353 Distances. From Berry's or Durrell's to junction of first branch 2 m.; to junction of second branch 2Y2 m.; to junction with Bickford Path (by second branch) 3M rn-l to summit 4 m. Times. To junction of first branch i hr.; to junc- tion of second branch i hr. 20 m.; to junction with Bickford Path (by second branch) 2^ hrs.; to summit ZM hrs. Lawrence Path. This path was cut for Mr. R. B. Lawrence. It leaves the Mast Road at a point 2 m. from the highway. This poirft is N. of the junction of the Mast Road and Walden Path, and N. of the height of land. Turning R. into the Lawrence Path, the latter soon passes an outlook on the L. toward Mt. Vv^ashington and in 3^ m. reaches Paugus Pass, where it is joined on the N. (L.) by the new U. S. F. S. Oliverian Brook Trail to Albany Intervale and on the R. (S.) by the Kelley Path. In another "yi m. the Lawrence Path meets the Ridge Path at Carrigain Outlook (2,351 ft.). Crossing to the E. side of the ridge, the trail descends 200 ft. and reaches the Overhang (2,221 ft.), passing along the face of high, wooded cliffs. Water can be found in a spring between Carrigain Outlook and the Overhang, 500 ft. before reaching the latter {i.e., S. of it). An as- cent of 325 ft. at the Overhang is followed by a de- scent of 125 ft. into a hollow, in which water will be found. A steep ascent of a gravel slide brings one to the vicinity of the summit. In descending, the upper end of the path must be located with care, with the help of blue blazes. It will be found at the W. end of the ledges. Distances. Highway (Fernqroft) to beginning of the Lawrence Path 2 m.; to Carrigain. Outlook 2 3/^ m.; to foot of Overhang 33^ m.; to summit 43^ m. 354 THE SANDWICH RANGE. Times. Highway (Ferncroft) to beginning of Law- rence Path 1 3^ hrs.; to Carrigain Outlook 2 hrs.; to Overhang 2^ hrs.; to summit 43^ hrs. Camp Shag. Camp Shag (3,000 ft.) of the Chocorua Mountain Club is situated near the pool of water just below (E. of) the summit ledges of Mt. Paugus. It is reached by a short side path leading to the R. in ascending the Bickford Path (seep. 351). There is a sign at the junction. It is a semi-open log shelter, accommodating six or eight persons. It is unequipped. Paths to Paugus Pass and Vicinity. Paugus Pass is a low point on the ridge connecting Mt. Hedgehog of the Wonalancet Range on the W. with Mts. Paugus and Mexico on the E. (see p. 358) , The Lawrence Path crosses it from W. to E. The Kelley Path ascends the valley to the S., and the new U. S. F. S. Oliverian Brook Trail comes up that to the N., both joining the Lawrence Path at the same point in the Pass. The Pass is also conveniently reached by the Ridge Path, Cabin Trail or Mast Road. A glance at the map will show which route is m,ost direct for per- sons wishing to go from Wonalancet to the Albany Intervale or to Mt. Paugus or in the reverse direction. Ridge Path. This trail was built in 1914 by the Wonalancet Out- Door Club. It runs from a point on the trail from Wonalancet Farm to Big Rock Cave 3^ m. S. of the latter along the ridge to Carrigain Outlook. Near the latter the Cabin Trail joins it on the S. There is nothing of particular interest on the path itself, but it links up other trails q( greater importance. The lower end of this trail may have been destroyed by logging, but the committee lacks precise information. The THE SANDWICH RANGE.- 355 length of the Ridge Path is i3^ m.; time i hr. There is no water. Cabin Trail. This path offers a shorter route to Carrigain Outlook, Paugus Pass and Mt. Paugus via the Lawrence Path than the Mast Road for persons starting from Wona- lancet Farm and its vicinity. The circuit made possi- ble by this trail, the Ridge Path and the Mast Road or the Kelley Path is a delightful forenoon's walk from Wonalancet. It takes in the Carrigain and Mount Washington Outlooks. The Cabin Trail branches off on the L. from the Wonalancet Farm Path to Big Rock Cave (see p. 351) just above the Cabin. It ascends to the height of land through open woods. For Mt. Paugus keep to the L. where it joins the Ridge Path shortly before the latter unites with the Lawrence Path at Carrigain Outlook. Turn to the R. at Carri- gain Outlook for Mt. Paugus and to the L. for Paugus Pass. Distances. Highway to Carrigain Outlook 2 m.; to summit of Mt. Paugus 4 m. Times. Highway to Carrigain Outlook 1% hrs.; to summit 4 hrs. Kelley Path. This path, which was built in 191 5 by the Wona lancet Out-Door Club, is useful as an alternative rout e to Mt. Paugus. It was cut because of the interesting falls, bluffs and wooded slopes in the ravine of Cold Brook. It starts at the lower end of the Mast Road and follows the right-hand stream (Cold Brook) to the height of land, where it joins the Lawrence Path in Paugus Pass about midway between Carrigain Outlook and the Mast Road. There is an upper and a lower trail part of the way. 356 THE SANDWICH RANGE. The distance from Ferncroft to the Lawrence Path is 2 3^ m.; and the time 2 hrs. The Mast Road. This road was originally a logging road, built for hauling out heavy timber. Its S. end starts from the highway just E. of Ferncroft and ascends at an easy grade, skirting the E. slope of Mt. Wonalancet. A short distance N. of the height of land the Walden Path to Mts. Hedgehog and Passaconaway leaves on the L. A little further on, first the Lawrence Path to Carrigain Outlook, Paugus Pass and Mt. Paugus, and then a short spur trail to Mount Washington Outlook, diverge, both on the R. An extension of the Mast Road formerly descended to the Albany Intervale via Oliverian Brook, passing under the face of Square Ledge, which was reached by a branch on the L. As far as Square Ledge (see p. 363) the trail was re- located several years ago by the W. O, D. C. The U. S. F. S. Oliverian Brook Trail replaces the remainder of the Mast Road, although its southern terminus is no longer on the Mast Road itself, but at Paugus Pass, a short distance E. along the Lawrence Path. (Seep. 353.) Distances. From Ferncroft to height of land 2 m.; to Square Ledge Path 3}^ m. Time. Ferncroft to height of land i hr. 15 min.; to Square Ledge Path 2 hrs. Oliverian Brook Trail. This trail from the Albany highway to Paugus Pass was recently constructed by the U. S. F. S. and re- places the northern part of the old Mast Road, which had been in large part destroyed by logging. With any one of the southern paths described above it offers an easy route between Wonalancet and the region of Swift River Inn in the Albany Intervale. It is also a link in a series of trails from Wonalancet to Mt. THE SANDWICH RANGE. ^ 357 Washington (via Bear Mt. Notch Path, the new U. S. F. S. trail over Mt. Parker and Davis Path). The trail leaves the highway in the Albany Intervale at a point about ^ m. E. of Swift River Inn and 3io m. W. of Oliverian Brook. It crosses the clearing to the bed of the old Conway logging R. R., from which the tracks have been removed. Here it crosses the Y and follows the road-bed for 0.7 m. to landings, where it turns L. along the face of the landings and then sharply R. at the end of the road-bed. From here on it is well-defined and the grades comparatively easy. At 2.1 m. from the highway the path crosses a branch of Oliverian Brook from the W. A half- mile further on it crosses Oliverian itself for the first of several times in the course of a mile. This district is swampy. Just beyond the swamp the trail to Square Ledge leaves on the R., marked by a rough sign. Square Ledge Brook is now crossed, after which Oliverian Brook is crossed twice more, and then the climb to Paugus Pass begins in earnest. The total altitude climbed is about 950 ft. The trail intersects the Lawrence Path in the Pass. From this point the most direct route to Ferncroft is by the Keliey Path. For Wonalancet Farm it is nearer to turn L. into the Lawrence Path as far as Carrigain Outlook and here keep R. down the Ridge and Cabin Trails. Distances. Highway to R. R. bed 0.4 m.; to end of R. R. 1.3 m.; to first crossing of Oliverian Brook 2.7 m.; to Paugus Pass 4 m.; to Wonalancet road via Keliey Path 6 m. Times. Highway to R. R. 10 min.; to end of R. R. 35 min.; to first crossing of Oliverian Brook i hr. 30 min.; to Paugus Pass 2 hrs. 30 min.; to Wonalancet Road 3 hrs. 30 min. 35B ' THE SANDWICH RANGE. The Wonalancet Range. This range, sometimes all included as Mt. Wona- lancet, consists of three low, rounded summits. They are south of Mts. Paugus and Passaconaway, between these mountains and the Wonalancet highway. From southwest to northeast they consist of Wonalancet proper, Hibbard and Hedgehog. The latter ends quite steeply on its eastern side and below this steep bluff the low flat ridge continues east to end in Mt. Mexico. A sharp ridge connects this eastern portion of the ridge with Mt. Paugus. Another ridge, upon which is the Walden Path, extends from Mt. Hedgehog to Mt. Pas- saconaway over an intervening, unnamed hump. The summits are all wooded, but there are ledges which afford good views, especially to the south. A good path leads froTi Ferncroft to the top of the west summit (Mt. Wonalancet proper). It is quite steep and passes over some interesting ledges near the top. At the summit a tripod affords a good view. The Wonalancet Out-Door Club has recently opened a ridge trail from this peak over Mt. Hibbard to Mt. Hedgehog, where it joins the Walden Path. There are several fine view-points, some looking south and others west into the fine wooded valley between Mts. Passa- conaway and Whiteface. At the junction with the Walden Path one can turn to the L. and ascend Mt. ' Passaconaway (see p. 361 ), or turn to the R. and descend by the Walden Path and Mast Road (turning R. on the latter) to Ferncroft. The circuit of the three summits can be made in the reverse direction by following the Mast Road (see p. 356) to the Walden Path (see p. 361), turning to the L. at this junction, and turning to the L. again ,... :;^y,^here the new trail leaves the Walden Path on Mt. |^i/;';^©d^ehog. Or, from Wonalancet Farm one can go '- Yi^lhe Cabin Trail, Ridge Path, Lawrence Path and THE SANDWICH RANGE. 359 Mast Road to the Walden Path, remembering that the junction of the latter with the Mast Road is south of the junction of the Lawrence Path and Mast Road. There is an interesting flume on Mt. Hedgehog a few steps south of the Walden Path, where it crosses a level place just after ascending the steep face of the first bluff. A short blazed trail leads to it. There is no water on the trail. Distances. Ferncroft to Mt. Wonalancet proper 1 3^ m.; to Mt. Hedgehog 3K ni.; to junction of Mast Road and Walden Path 4^^ m.; to Ferncroft 5^ m. Times. Ferncroft to Mt. Wonalancet proper i hr. 30 min.; to Mt. Hedgehog 3 hrs.; to junction of Mast Road and Walden Path 3 hrs. 30 min.; to Fern- croft 4 hrs. 15 min. In the reverse direction: Ferncroft to Walden Path I hr. 15 min.; to Mt. Hedgehog 2 hrs.; to Mt. Wonalancet 3 hrs. 15 min.; to Ferncroft 4 hrs. 15 min. Mt. Passaconaway. Mt. Passaconaway (4,116 ft.) is the highest peak of the Sandwich Range and is densely wooded, but two outlooks near the summit give extended views. Stretch- ing southward from the east side of the peak is an arm of the mountain which connects it with the Wonalancet ridge. Another great ridge runs southwest to join the north ridge of Mt. Whiteface. The easterly spurs give a characteristic, step-like profile to the view of the mountain from the lake country to the south. The mountain can be ascended from the Albany Intervale on the north or from Wonalancet on the south. Mt. Passaconaway was named for the great chief of the Penacooks who ruled at the time the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. In 1660 he abdicated in favor of his son Wonalancet. 360 THE SANDWICH RANGE. Downes Brook or Slide Trail. The trail follows the Downes Brook logging road as far as the foot of the slide. This is the first of two roads which leave the Albany Intervale or Swift River road about 3^ m. W. of Swift River Inn, the first L. be- yond the cottage called "Camp Paugus." Upon reach- ing the foot of the slide the latter should then be fol- lowed to its apex. The trail is not marked on the slide itself, but the way is unmistakable. About midway it bends sharply to the R. and ascends more steeply. The L. side (in ascending) offers the easiest and driest foot- ing. Care should be taken not to start rocks rolling. At the top of the slide the trail will be found again. It climbs steeply through thick woods and joins the short path between the two outlooks on the summit. Distances. Swift River Inn to foot of slide 2 m. ; to summit 4 m. Times. Swift River Inn to foot of slide iM hrs. ; to summit 4 hrs. Mt. Passaconaway can also be reached form the Albany Intervale by the following route: Follow the U. S. F. S. Oliverian Brook Trail (see p. 356) to the Square Ledge Branch, and the latter to the top of the Ledge. From here take the trail to Mt. Passaconaway, a branch of which (see p. 363) leads direct to the summit. This, with the Downes Brook Trail makes possible a long but interesting circuit route. The ascent had better be made by the Downes Brook Trail. Dicey's Mill Path. The Dicey's Mill Path was the first path to be laid out on the mountain. From Ferncroft continue W. along the highway, which becomes a wood road as it passes the last house (H. W. Winkley's). It soon turns sharp- ly to the R. in a little grassy place and climbs quite steeply for a short distance around a curve known as the ''S," keeping on the E. side of the main stream, in THE SANDWICH RANGE. 361 places quite close to the steep side of Mt. Wonalancet. There are no branching roads and the way is perfectly clear. The Wiggin Path leaves on the L. shortly S. of a private camp, which itself is a few steps S. of the site of Dicey's Mill (about 2,000 ft. altitude). The buildings have wholly disappeared. At the mill a new trail (see p. 362) branches to the R. to connect with the Walden Path, while the main path crosses to the W. bank of the stream and the steep part of the climb begins. The path follows an old logging road on the E. side of a ridge, the logging road becoming a path as the virgin spruce woods are reached on the upper slopes. The Rollins Path to Mt. Whiteface leaves on the L., and, 150 ft. beyond the path turns L., avoid- ing the old trail which continued straight ahead, but which is now obliterated a short distance further on. (See foot-note, p. 362.) A short 34 m. brings the climber to the W. O. D. C. camp, Passaconaway Lodge (see P- 363) and water. Leaving the camp on the L., the path climbs steeply up to the summit, which it reaches at the west outlook. The two outlooks are connected by a short path, the Downes Brook (Slide) Trail coming in on its N. side. Distances. Ferncroft to Dicey's Mill 2 m.; to Rollins Path 3% m.; to camp 3M m.; to summit 4M m. Times. Ferncroft to Dicey's Mill i hr. 15 min.; to Rollins Path 2 hrs. 50 min.; to camp 3 hrs.; to sum- mit 3 hrs. 30 min. Descent, 2 hrs. 30 min. Walden Path. This path runs from the Mast Road to the top of Mt. Passaconaway. Its lower end can be reached from Ferncroft by the Mast Road, which it leaves on the W. just N. of the height of land. From Wonalancet Farm it can be reached by way of the Cabin Trail, Ridge Path, Lawrence Path and Mast Road, remember- 362 THE SANDWICH RANGE. ing that the junction of the VValden Path and Mast Road is S. of that of the Lawrence Path and the Mast Road. After leaving the Mast Road the path ascends the steep E. side of Mt. Hedgehog. Above the first blufif on a level place a short blazed trail to the S. leads to an interesting flume. Near the top of Mt. Hedge- hog the path swings to the R., descends and crosses a deep col and then goes over the shoulder of a minor, unnamed hump. In the col between the latter and Mt. Passaconaway, the trail to Square Ledge leaves on the R. Above this junction the Walden Path runs along the line of the original Dicey's Mill Path,* crossing a shoulder of the mountain where the original A. M. C. camp was located and then climbing the final cone by a steep gully. It comes out at the east outlook, from which a short bit of path leads to the west outlook and the Dicey's Mill Path. Distances: Ferncroft to junction of Mast Road and Walden Path il4 m.; to Mt. Hedgehog 23^ m.; to summit of Mt. Passaconaway 43^ m. Times. To Walden Path i hr. 15 min.; to Mt. Hedgehog 2 hrs.; to summit of Mt. Passaconaway 4 hrs. Cut-off from Dicey's Mill to Walden Path. This path runs from Dicey's Mill to a point on the Walden Path about midway between the summit of Mts. Passaconaway and Hedgehog. Its length is about i^ m., and its ascent will require about i hr. 15 min. *The Dicey's Mill Path was the first on the mountain. Ita upper part originally slabbed the S. face of the cone from the point where it now turns L., just above the junction with the Rol- lins Path, to a point near the junction of the Walden and Square Ledge Paths, ascending to the summit much as the Walden Path does now. The upper end of what is here described as the Dicey's Mill Path was formerly the Passaconaway Loop. THE SANDWICH RANGE. 363 Passaconaway Lodge. This is a W. O. D. C. camp situated on the S.W. side of Mt. Passaconaway upon the Dicey's Mill Path, at an elevation of about 3,600 ft. It is an open log shel- ter accommodating about six persons. It contains no blankets or other equipment. Square Ledge. This is a bold, rocky promontory at the end of a long ridge running N.E. from Mt. Passaconaway. The original path, built by Dr. Rollins, started at what is now the Walden Path in the col S.E. of the summit of Passaconaway, slabbed the unnam.ed hump on the ridge between Mts. Passaconaway and Wonalancet and approached the Ledge from behind and above. The distance from the Passaconaway Path is about 2 m. The path, once destroyed by logging, was re- built in 1919. A branch of this trail has been built to the top of Passaconaway, reaching the summ^it at the E. outlook. Its junction with the older path is shortly S. of a log- ging camp. In going from the Ledge to Mt. Passa- conaway turn R. at this point. From Wonalancet the Ledge is best reached by fol- lowing up the Mast Road to its junction with the Lawrence Path, just beyond the height of land. The continuation of the Mast Road northward from this point has become obsolete, but a trail to the foot of Square Ledge has been relocated to the W. of it. This joins the trail which branches off from the Oliverian Brook trail, and runs to the top of the Ledge. The distance from Ferncroft is about 33^ m. and the time about 2 3<£ hrs. From Albany Intervale the Ledge can be reached by way of the new U. S. F. S. trail up Oliverian Brook (seep. 356), from which a side path on the W. leads to the top. Distance about 4 m. Time about 23^ hrs. 364 THE SANDWICH RANGE. Mts. Potash and Hedgehog. These two little mountains are situated north of Mt. Passaconaway, between the latter and the Swift River Valley. Both, but especially Mt. Potash, afford ex- ^. cellent views of the valley and surrounding mountains, and in spite of the recent destruction of trails by the lumbermen, well repay the slight labor of ascending them. Mt. Hedgehog. This mountain (about 2,600 ft.) must be distinguished from another of the same name in the Wonalancet Range, not more than 3 m. from it in an air line. The Albany Hedgehog separates the valley of Oliverian Brook on its E. from that of Downes Brook on its W. There is a ravine on the N.E. side of the mountain. Allen's Ledge on its lower (N.) lip gives fine views to the E. and N. There are ledges near the summit which give views in other directions; but they are in- ferior to those from Mt. Potash. The path starts out by the first wood-road leaving the highway W. of Swift River Inn, about 200 yards from the latter and just beyond the Beals cottage. About half-way across the meadow the path takes a branch road to the R. It soon crosses the R. R. bed, enters the woods and begins the ascent. After fol- lowing a logging road for about Y2 m. the trail branches sharply to the L., crosses a gully and soon comes out on Allen's Ledge, from which there is an excellent view. At the point where the path reaches the Ledge it turns sharply to the R. and continues, well-cleared to the top. In descending, care should be taken to follow the blazes and to avoid logging roads leading to the L. into Downes Brook valley. The distance to the Ledge is about 1 3^ m. ; to summit 2 m. The trip can easily be made in a half day. THE SANDWICH RANGE. 365 Mt. Potash. Mt. Potash (about 3,000 ft.) separates the valley of Downes Brook on its E. from that of Sabba Day Brook on its W. A ledge on a prominent hump on its N.E. shoulder gives excellent views to the E. and N.E. The summit is open and ledgy and affords excellent views in all directions. Near the top on the S.E. side is a large boulder, which is so delicately balanced that it can be rocked. The ascent is well worth while. The old path, destroyed by lumbering as far as the above-mentioned shoulder, has been relocated along the logging roads. It takes the road that branches to the S. from the highway just before the latter passes between the two big pines. After crossing Downes Brook turn R. up the old R, R. bed to a camp. Just beyond the latter the trail leaves the road-bed on the L. up a logging road. It is easily followed and clearly marked up the branching roads to the shoulder, where the old trail is easily found and followed to the top. It is well to note the point where the path debouches at the summit, in order that it may be found in descend- ing. There is no water. Distances. Swift River Inn to shoulder i3^ m.; to summit 2 m. Times. Inn to shoulder i hr. 15 min.; to summit I hr. 45 min. Mt. Whiteface. Mt. Whiteface (4,057 ft.) doubtless received its name because of the precipitous ledges south of its summit, which were stripped by a landslide in October, 1820, The backbone of the mountain runs northeast from the summit, being continued as a prominent ridge connecting it with Mt. Passaconaway. The Rollins Path lies on this ridge. There are two ridges on the south, the easterly one bearing the Blueberry 366 THE SANDWICH RANGE. Ledge Trail and the westerly one the McCrillis Trail. Another ridge, upon which are two prominent rounded humps, runs northwest towards Mt. Tripyramid. Water is found at the ledgy summit a few yards to the northeast at the upper end of the Blueberry Ledge Trail. The spring has been known to fail in very dry seasons. There are tv/o camps, — Heermance at the ledgy summit (about loo ft. to the north) and Shehadi (about }4: rn. away) in the first col N. of the summit on the Rollins Path. (See p. 371.) The highest point on the mountain is wooded, but there is a magnificent view-point some distance S. of it, at the top of the precipices. In speaking of the summit, this point is referred to. Blueberry Ledge Trail. This is the usual route of ascent from Wonalancet. It was laid out by Gordon Taylor and opened by the Wonalancet Out-Door Club in 1899. It leaves the highway just beyond Ferncroft, crosses the stream on the "Squirrel Bridge" and immediately turns sharply to the R. After passing a cottage on the R. and going through a gate in a barbed wire fence, it enters a pas- ture and slabs the N. side of the hill beyond. It follows a wooded lane (Whiteface Intervale road) for a while and then leaves it on the R. at the foot of a hill where the old road to Whiteface Intervale turns sharply to the L. It crosses swampy ground, where water can sometimes be found, and then climbs to the foot of the ledges. Over the latter it is marked (none too well) by blazes and cairns. Above the ledges it rises over a series of step-like slopes to Wona- lancet Outlook (about 3,000 ft.), cut by Edgar J. Rich. Beyond this point it climbs sharply to the top of the ridge, drops slightly into a hollow where the THE SANDWICH RANGE/ 367 Wiggin Trail (see below) comes in on the R., and then ascends a rough and difficult rocky ridge to the summit! * In descending, care should be taken in finding the top of the path. It will be found about 25 ft. back from the top of the cliff on the E. side of the summit. There is no sure water on the path after leaving the stream at the "Squirrel Bridge" until the summit is reached. As the ledges are very uncomfortable in the glare of the summer sun, the climber will do well to carry water in hot weather. Distances (cyclometer measurements). Ferncroft to foot of ledges 0.9 m.; to Outlook 2.3 m.; to summit 3.6 m. Times. Ferncroft to foot of ledges i hr. ; to Outlook 2}4. hrs.; to Wiggin Path 2 hrs. 45 min.; to summit 3 hrs. 30 min. Descent, 2 hrs. 30 min. Wiggin Trail. This trail was cut by Thomas S. Wiggin in 1895. It leaves the Dicey's Mill Path (see p. 360) on the L., a short distance S. of a camp. It crosses the stream and, bearing to the L., ascends a little knoll, crosses a small brook and bears to the R. again. It is very steep and justifies its nickname, "The Fire Escape." It finally joins the Blueberry Ledge Trail just below the summJt (see above). Distances: Ferncroft to junction with Dicey's Mill Path and Wiggin Trail 1% m.; to Blueberry Ledge Trail 3 m.; to summit 2>14. m- Times. Ferncroft to Wiggin Trail i hr. 10 min.; to. Blueberry Ledge Trail 2 hrs. 45'min.; to summit 3 hrs. 30 min. *The Wiggin Trail was built before the Blueberry Ledge Trail; hence the portion of the path above the junction is properly a part of the former. As the Blueberry Ledge Trail is the one most frequently used, it has been thought best to describe it as a con- tinuous route from base to summit. 368 THE SANDWICH RANGE. Rollins Summit Path. This path from Mt. Passaconaway to Mt. White- face was cut in 1899 under the direction of Dr. William H. Rollins. It leaves the Dicey's Mill Path (see p. 361) about yi m. below Passaconaway Lodge. It is a fine path and well cleared. It runs along the main ridge of Mt. Whiteface and affords fine views to the S.E. of the great cirque-like ravine, locally called The Bowl and said to contain some of the finest virgin timber in New England. It runs mostly up hill and over a series of humps. The Waterville Trail (see p. 333) comes in on the R. (in ascending) on the last hump before reaching Camp Shehadi, which is on the Rollins Path in the last hollow before reaching the summit. There is no water. In descending from Mt. Whiteface the path will be found just beyond and to the L. of the highest rock as one stands with his back to the cliffs. Distance. From junction with Dicey's Mill Path to summit about 2 m. Times. From Dicey's Mill Path to Camp Shehadi I hr. 45 min.; to summit 2 hrs. Returning, summit to Dicey's Mill Path i hr. 45 min. McGrillis Path. This path has two entrances from the town road near the McCrillis farm, one by the brick house and the other through the pasture back of the house which stands opposite the cemetery. The "Brick House Trail" passes between the house and barn and continues almost due N. by some shanties into a small clearing some 150 yds. beyond the main field. In this clearing the path forks (guideboard), the branch to the N.W. (L.) going to Flat Mountain Ponds, and that to the N.E. (R.) going to Mt. Whiteface. The latter is almost straight, and follows an old lumber THE SANDWICH RANGE. 369 road running along the line of White Brook and gen- erally following the crest of the W. bank. The grade is not steep, and the walking is smooth. The " Red Trail" (red paint blazes) enters the pasture behind the Ambrose barn through a set of bars (please close them!) and follows a wagon road through alders for some 200 yds. to the clearing used by the A. M. C. on its camp in this region. Just after entering this clearing a stone wall may be seen running from the woods on the L. The path turns and passes along this wall on the W. side, crosses a small brook and follows a sapping road some hundreds of yards to an old clearing with the ruins of a big temporary barn used long ago by lumbermen. It crosses this clearing by the N. end of the ruins and enters the woods opposite where it entered the clearing. From here it bends to the N., follows the line of White Brook through sparse hardwood growth and over rocky ground for some 200 yds., then turns to the L., crosses the brook, climbs the W. bank and shortly meets the other path. The meet- ing is not well marked and may easily be missed on the way down the mountain. The path is plentifully blazed with red paint, and can hardly be lost, though not so clear under foot as the "Brick House Trail." From the junction the trail climbs noticeably for some distance until it passes the first ridge, and then is nearly level for about 3^ m. At about i m. from the Intervale it crosses the Waterville town line, and im- mediately enters an old slash in which the young trees are apt to crowd the path. Some five or ten minutes later the path passes a large uprooted birch. From here it runs about 100 yds. down hill to a brook (last water). After leaving the zone of young trees the walking is more open, through large mixed growth, and the grade increases. As the path mounts the crest of the ridge the soft woods predominate, and in about 370 THE SANDWICH RANGE. I m. the first ledges are reached. These are at about the level of the bottom of the great slide and almost due W. from it. Where the path crosses the rocks it is marked by cairns, and the trees are well spotted. In the 3^ or ^ m. from here to the top there are some pretty steep pitches, and the way is through thick, stunted, high-altitude spruce and fir which shut off all view and most of the air. The path reaches the summit ledges some lOO to 200 yds. W. of the peak, and considerably below it. As soon as it attains the rocks it swings sharply to the E. and slabs the slope, gradually swinging N. again and reaching the summit from the S.W. Distance. 33^ m. Time. 33^ hrs. From Albany Intervale. The summit of Whiteface may be reached from the Albany Intervale by going over Passaconaway or, more directly, by the following route: The Downes Brook logging-road, which leads to the Passaconaway slide (see p. 360), continues on up the valley. It crosses the brook repeatedly, and at every fork the branch leading toward the brook should be taken. Eventually the road comes out on the broad plateau connecting Tripyramid and Whiteface and reaches a point where several roads branch off. The one to be taken con- tinues in nearly the sam.e direction as the road which has so far been followed, but bears slightly to the L. and is marked by cairns. This is a part of the Wood- bury Trail. It soon bears m_ore to the L., and, although made difficult by numerous blow-downs, is well- marked at all doubtful points by cairns, arrows and blazes to its junction with the Rollins Path. At this point turn R. for Camp Shehadi and the summit of Whiteface. THE SANDWICH RANGE. 371 Woodbury Trail. This trail to Waterville leaves the Rollins Path about % m, N. of the summit of Mt. Whiteface. For detailed description see Waterville section. Camp Shehadi. This camp was built in 1899 by the Wonalancet Out-Door Club from the proceeds of a lecture by Shehadi Abdullah Shehadi. It is on the Rollins Path in the first col N. of and about }/i m. from the top of Mt. Whiteface. It is a closed camp and will accommo- date about six people. It is unequipped. Its vicinity, formerly attractive, has been greatly marred b^^ much cutting of firewood. The nearest and only practicable water is the spring on the summit of Mt. Whiteface, In dry seasons campers will do well to ascertain the condition of the spring before planning to spend ttie night at either of these camps. Camp Heermance. This camp was built in 19 12 and was named in honor of Rev. Edgar L. Heermance. It is in a sheltered hollow near the summit of Mt. Whiteface, about 100 ft. N. of the spring at the top of Blueberry Ledge Trail. It is an open shelter accommodating about six persons. It is unequipped, but is in good condition. Campers are urged not to "cut live trees above the spring. Flat Mountain and Flat Mountain Ponds. Flat Mountain lies between Mt. Whiteface and Sandwich Mountain. It has two summits, the northern flat, the southern (about 2,700 ft.) rounded. Between the summits, and only about 200 ft. below them, are three ponds connected by a narrow stream. Flat Mountain is entirely wooded, and there is no trail to the summit. The chief charm of this region is the fine virgin forest. (See Waterville map.) 372 THE SANDWICH RANGE. Path from Whiteface Intervale. Flat Mountain Ponds (about 2,500 ft.) are reached by an old logging road which leaves the highway at a brick house W. of the McCrillis Farm, and fol- lows the course of McGaffey's River. A few hundred yards from the brick house the McCrillis Path to Mt. Whiteface forks to the R. About 3^ m. further on the path comes in sight of the river on the L., some 200 ft. above the intervale. About ^ m. further it crosses a tributary flowing W. about 150 ft. higher. Beyond here it rises some 450 ft. in about % m. About % m. beyond and 100 ft. higher it crosses the river, turns to the L. in a grassy and bushy place and im- mediately crosses a brook which enters the river just below. The footway is indistinct in the grass and bushes, but on the further side of the brook the path can be found by spots of blue paint on the trees. It ascends by an old logging road for a while and then branches off to the R. and reaches the upper pond in about J4 m. At the pond the path branches; the branch to the N. following a branch of the pond brook to its source and then crossing a low divide to the Woodbury Trail to Waterville in about 2)^ to 3 m., near the 3K m. mark of the latter (see p. 333). The south branch follows the S. shore of the upper pond to a camp that is in poor repair. It is located about 200 yds. from the narrows between the ponds. Distances. Brick house to river 3^ m.; to crossing J^ m.; to last crossing 2 m.; to E. end of upper pond 2^ m.; to W. end of lower pond 3% m. Time. Brick house to ponds 2 hrs. Hale Path. This path was built by the boys from Camp Hale. It follows the old logging road (Great Falls Trail) from the head of the Bennett Street Loop about 3^ m. to the head of the ravine at Great Falls. At this point the THE SANDWICH RANGE. 373 Low Trail (see p. 374) forks to the L. down the ravine to the falls. The Hale Path continues straight ahead, descending gradually to the stream, from which point it turns to the R. and follows the E. bank to Flat Mt. Ponds, running around the E. and S. shores of both ponds. It passes the camp and joins the Whiteface Intervale path a short distance beyond. Distances. Bennett St. to Great Falls Y^ m.; to lower pond 2 m.; to E. end of upper pond 2)^ m. Time. Bennett St. to lower pond i )/i hrs.; to upper pond iMhrs. Sandwich Mountain. This mountain, treated more fully in the Waterville section, is also reached from Sandwich by two trails. Since the summer of 19 19 the advent of a lumber com- pany on the S. and E. slopes of the mountain has pro- duced great changes. As the work of deforesting is still going on, any description of trails must be subject to revision. (See Waterville Section Map.) Trail from Bennett Street. This trail, which was once a bridle-path, leaves the upper end of Bennett Street near Jose bridge. It follows a wood road on the S. bank of the stream about J^ m. to a pasture which it crosses to its W. end. Thence it crosses and recrosses a brook and runs nearly level for about i m. to another brook, which it crosses. From this point to about 3^ m. below the summit the trail is nearly obliterated by the crossing and recrossing of the lumber road down which logs are dragged to the railway below. This road, however, affords an easy ascent, and unusually picturesque vistas of the landscape to the S. and E,, as it winds back and forth. About 34 m- below the summit the Low Trail comes in on the R. and a few rods further on there is an excellent spring almost in the trail. Just before 374 THE SANDWICH RANGE. reaching the summit there is a log cabin in poor repair and uninviting. Distance. Bennett Street to summit 3 m. Time. 3 hrs. Low Trail. This trail, located and cleared by Woods Low, is reached by an old logging road which runs from "Moun- tainside" at the head of the Bennett Street Loop up the stream which flows from Flat Mountain Ponds (see p. 372). Leave the logging road and cross the stream to the W. just below Great Falls. After heavy rains the crossing of the stream is difficult and some- times impossible. The trail rises steeply for about 100 yds., then swings to the N.W. and slabs the mountain at an easier grade. Here it is cut by the logging rail- road which penetrates further into the mountain. At present, however, it is not difficult to pick up the blazes on the other side of the cut, and thence continue up the trail. About Yi m. above the brook a spring is passed and the forest, ^beautiful throughout, soon changes from hardwood to evergreen. The trail finally passes through an extensive blow-down and comes out on the Bennett Street Trail about }/i m. below the summit. The trail is plain throughout, but \ roughly cleared in places. Distances. Bennett Street to Great Fall Y2 m.; '' to A. M. C. Trail 3 m.; to summit 3J^ m. Times. Bennett Street to Great Fall yi hr.; to A. M. C. Trail 2 3^ hrs.; to summit 3 hrs. Mt. Tripyramid. Besides the well-known north and south slides on this mountain there is a smaller one which comes down from the ridge north of the middle peak into a branch of Sabba Day Brook. It offers a route of ascent from Albany and a chance for a strong climber to cross to THE SANDWICH RANGE. 375 WatervIIIe. From the vicinity of the Swift River Inn only the tip of the middle peak, part of the long ridge between the middle and north peaks, and the top of the north peak can be seen. A long ridge, whose N. slope blends so closely with the slope of North Tripyramid that it can be distinguished only by look- ing carefully on a clear day, lies between the observer and Mt. Tripyramid. Several parties have ascended this ridge only to find themselves separated from Mt. Tripyramid by a deep valley or a long scrubby ridge. Hence it is sometimes called "The Fool- Killer." From Albany Intervale via the East Slide. Mt. Tripyramid may be reached by the Sabba Day Brook logging road. Follow the route to the Falls (see p. 376) and continue up the main logging road, crossing to the E. bank at the second bridge. The road on the E. side should be followed to a lumber camp far up the valley. Here the path turns sharply R., into a branch load, descends, crosses the stream and follows it up between Tripyramid and the "Fool- Killer," passing another camp in 3^ m. Finally a slide on the "Fool-Killer" at the R. is passed, and, a short distance beyond, the Tripyramid slide is seen on the L. Here, at a sign, the path crosses the brook to the slide. The slide is ascended to its tip, and affords wild and interesting views towards Passaconaway and Chocorua. At its upper L. corner the path will be found, leading out into a lumber clearing. The path follows the lower edge of this clearing for a few rods, and then cuts across the edge and enters the woods (sign). From here it is blazed and cleared to its junc- tion with the rough trail along the ridge of Tripyramid, in the col between the middle and N. peaks. Turn R. here for the N. peak. There is no water beyond the foot of the slide. 376 THE SANDWICH RANGE. Distances (approximate). Swift River Inn to camp at end of " Fool- Killer" 4 m.; to foot of E. slide 5 m.; to top of E. slide 53^ m.; to North Tripyramid 7 m. Times. To camp 2 hrs.; to foot of E. slide 2Y2 hrs.; to top of E. slide 33<^ hrs.; to North Tripyramid 43/^ hrs. Sabba Day Falls. Follow the railroad bed (from which the tracks have been removed) to the large lumber camp at the mouth of Sabba Day Brook. Then take the main road up the W. side of the brook. A doubtful path turns to the L. down through the slash to the falls. If this is missed there is a branch road a short distance beyond, which .crosses the stream just above the falls. Distance. About \% m.. from Swift River Inn. Time, i hr. The Range Traverse. Camping parties can go the whole length of the range, — over Mts. Chocorua, Paugus, Passaconaway and Whiteface to Waterville, or the reverse, spending one or two nights on the way. The following three-day trip is recommended. As- cend Mt. Chocorua by any of the southern or western trails. Cross to Mt. Paugus by the "Bee Line" paths (see pp. 346 and 352), and spend the night at Camp Shag (see p. 354). Distance for the day 63^ m.; time 7 hrs. It will save much labor if packs are sent in by team to Paugus Mill, in which case descend Mt. Chocorua by the Brook Path and the cut-off to Paugus Mill, picking up the baggage here and ascending Mt. Paugus via Paugus Mill branch of the Big Rock Cave Path (see p. 351). On the second day descend Mt. Paugus by the Lawrence Path to its termination at the Mast Road. Keep to the R. where the Lawrence Path is joined by the Ridge Path at Carrlgain Outlook. Turn to the L. on the Mast Road for a short distance to the THE SANDWICH RANGE. 377 Walden Path. Turn to the R. here and cross to Mt. Passaconaway (see p. 361). Come down the Dicey 's Mill Path and camp at Passaconaway Lodge, or continue to Mt. Whiteface by the Rollins Path, spend- ing the night at one of the camps on that mountain (see p. 371). Distance for the day 63^ m.; time 5 hrs. Descend to Water^-ille by the Woodbury Trail (see P- 333) on the third day. Distance for the day 9 m.; tim.e 7 hrs. The trip can, if preferred, be made in two days by strong climbers. Spend the first night at Camp Shag if going from E. to W., or at Passaconaway Lodge (see p. 363) if going from W. to E. One's ingenuity will suggest other combinations, perhaps the best of which is to carry a tent and camp in the open at any spring or stream. It is possible for exceptionally vigorous walkers to do the whole range in a long summer day but hardly for pleasure. The total distance is about 22 m. The total time, according to the schedule adopted in this guide, is about 19 hrs. It should be borne in mind that, while these times are estimated for very slow walkers, no time is allowed for stops, and they are not estimated for persons carrying heavy packs. * SECTION XIX. Moosilauke and Kinsman. Mt. Moosilauke. Mt. Moosilauke (4,811 ft.) in the town of Benton is one of the most famous and easily accessible of the New Hampshire mountains. Standing on the western frontier of the mountain district, practically isolated, its view is considered by many as the best in New Hampshire, as it commands the Mount Washington and Franconia Mountains, the Connecticut Valley and the Vermont Mountains. The summit is bare and the vegetation of sub-alpine character. On the S.E. side between the South and Blue Ridges is a deep valley known as Jobildunk Ravine, through which flow the upper waters of Baker River from its source in Deer Lake between the main summit and Mt. Blue. A carriage road leads from Breezy Point up the flank of South Ridge over the south summit (4,568 ft.) to the main north summit on which is a stone hotel, built in i860, known as the Tip-Top House Two minor summits to the N.E. are known as Mt. ^ Blue (4,530 ft.) and Mt. Jim (4,312 ft.). Besides the carriage road route, the Beaver Brook Trail leads to the summit from Kinsman Notch on the N.E.; the Benton Path from Benton on the N., and from Glen- cliff Station on the S.W. the Glencliff Path, which enters the carriage road about i m. from the summit. Beaver Brook Trail. The Beaver Brook Trail to Mt. Moosilauke leaves the side of the Kinsman Notch road K rn- above Lost River, about 150 ft. S. of the abandoned lumber camp at Beaver Meadows, marked with a D. O. C. sign. It follows logging roads for a short distance, but soon (378) MOOSILAUKE AND KINSMAN. 379 leaves them and leads through the woods R. to Beaver Brook. The path then follows the E. bank of the brook, rising very steeply and passing the Beaver Brook Cascades, the finest in this vicinity. It continues very steep until it passes Camp 14, an abandoned logging camp on the R., where it comes out of the woods into the logged area and bears away from the stream, following none of the logging roads, but crossing several. It must be watched carefully at this point. A short distance above Camp 14 water is found at Cool Spring on the L. of the path, marked by a small sign on a tree. The spring gushes from under the tree root, and although small is clear and cold. Continuing, the path ascends more and more grad- ually, at length becoming identified with a logging road, and is then unmistakable. About 2 m. up it joins the former Little's Path from North Woodstock, which is now impassable below this point on account of logging. Here it turns sharply to the R. and W., skirting around the steep slopes of Jobildunk Ravine, over which the summit house is seen to the S.W. A mile further on water is again found at a springy place in the path where the beginnings of Baker River are crossed, after the path has swung to the S.W., bu:ilt high up along the wall of the ravine, with precipitous slopes to the L. Less than 3^ m. below the summit a side path to a view of Jobildunk Ravine is passed on the L. (3^2 m. down to view- point), and soon after the barn and the Tip-Top House are seen ahead. The trail ascends the remaining distance rather steeply, and ends near the house. Distances. From Kinsman Notch road at Beaver MeadowB to Beaver Brook 3^ m.; to Camp 14, i}4, m.; to Cool Spring 1 3^ m. ; to Little's Path 23^ m. ; to second spring 33^ m.; to path to Jobildunk Ravine 33^ ; -" to summit 4 m. 38o MOOSILAUKE AND KINSMAN. Times. From road at Beaver Meadows to Beaver Brook 15 mm.;to Camp 14, i hr.; to Cool Spring i hr. 15 min.; to Little's Path i hr. 45 min.; to second spring 2 hrs. 15 min.; to path to Jobildunk Ravine 2 hrs. 30 min.; to summit 2 hrs. 45 min. The Benton Path. This path, for a short time used as a bridle-path, leaves the highway near the boarding-house of L. B. Parker in Benton, 33^ m. S. of Bungay Corner (Wild- wood) on the Tunnel-Stream road. The distance from Franconia and Sugar Hill to the summit of Mt. Moosilauke by Easton, Bungay Corner and Parker's is 17M m- Description. The path crosses Tunnel Brook at the foot of the meadow below (S.) the house and by gentle grades ascends the wooded spur forming the S. wall of the Little Tunnel Ravine. At ^ m. water is found on the L. About i m. from the brook precipi- tous crags are passed on the L. with lookoffs affording impressive views of the Little Tunnel, Mt. Blue and the more distant valley of the Wild Ammonoosuc River. Further on the path bears more to the S., passing through timber cuttings with little or no shade. Just beyond the 2 m. point a short walk leads to water on the L. and yi m. above, to the R., is a fine spring near the path. After passing short copses of evergreen and crossing a shoulder or subordinate peak, the path ascends a grassy slope, gaining the N. end of the crest, whence a line of cairns leads across the broad stony plateau to the Tip-Top House. Distance. Parker's to summit 3J^ m. Time. Parker's to summit 2^^ to 3 hrs. MOOSILAUKE AND KINSMAN. 381 Glencliff Path (Warren Summit Path). This trail is one of the links in the Dartmouth Out- ing Club's chain from Hanover to Mount Washington. Follow the Sanatorium road from Glencliff P. O. and schoolhouse (3^ m. from Glencliff Station) about i m. to a farm road on the R. with a sign reading "D.O.C." Follow this road to an old red house 300 yds. (1,500 ft. elevation). The trail begins 200 yds. beyond the house and rises sharply to the L., passing a few rods in the rear of the Dartmouth Outing Club's Great Bear Camp. (View.) The trail soon crosses into the National Forest and rises steadily along a hog-back through a handsome spruce aisle. For a long distance it slabs the W. face of the south peak, rising easily through hardwood to about 3,500 ft. elevation, then climbs more rapidly to a point near the S. summit, where it swings around the N. side and joins the carriage road from Breezy Point at the scrub line (4*500 ft.). About i m. up the carriage road the main summit is reached. In clear weather the Tip- Top House is constantly in view from the time the road is entered. Water is abundant below 3,500 ft. elevation; there is none above. Distances. From Glencliff Station to Great Bear Camp i3^ m.: to carriage road 4 m.; to summit about 5 m. Times. Glencliff Station to Great Bear Camp 45 min.; to carriage road 3 hrs.; to summit 3 hrs. 30 min. (Descending.) The path begins about i m. down the carriage road from the Tip-Top House, and is marked by cairns and signs. It is mainly within the forest with few outlooks, rather steep throughout its length but unmistakable. The first water is found near the path about i}/i m.. below the carriage road. Distances. Tip-Top House to path i m.; to high- way at base 3^^ m.; to Glencliff Station 5 m. 382 MOOSILAUKE AND KINSMAN. The Carriage Road. The carriage road to the summit starts at a point 5^^ m. from Warren Station on the Breezy Point road. It is 5 m. from this point to the summit, and the road is safe for carriages. Mt. Kinsman. Mt. Kinsman (4,377 ft.), the culminating point of the Cannon-Kinsman Range, consists of a long, rather irregular wooded ridge, with two principal and several subordinate summits. From the main summits the view of the Franconia Range is unsurpassed, Mt. Kins- man being at the proper distance and angle to enjoy and fully appreciate its lines and proportions. The range is seen entire from the horn of Mt. Garfield to Mt. Whaleback (Osseo Peak). Nathan Kinsman, whose name the mountain bears, was the first settler in eastern Landaff. The name of the mountain ap- peared first on Carrigain's map of 1816. Mt. Kinsman is accessible by the Kinsman RidgK Trail (see p. 384) and from the various approaches to that trail, viz.; from Lafayette Place (p. 300) the Kinsman Pond Trail, (p. 301), the Georgianna Falls Path (p. 316), the path from North Woodstock to Gordon Pond. There is also a trail of many years' standing from Easton to the North Peak, from which in 1912 it was extended to the South Peak. The latter became in 19 19 a part of the through Kinsman Ridge Trail (see p. 385) . The trail from Easton, description of which follows, is clearly defined and, except in dry weather, well sup- plied with water. Description. The path leaves the highway at the pasture bars, a few rods N. of the house of Cecil P. Bowles in Easton, some 43^^ m. from Franconia Vil- lage, and follows a logging road across Bowles' pastures directly to his sugar house, where it enters the woods. MOOSILAUKE AND KINSMAN. 383 Thence it keeps a nearly straight course and level grade through large timber for 3^ m. to the upper bars, beyond which it ascends by easy slopes through an arcade in the forest, then bears to the R. and soon crosses a log bridge over a stream called the Pool. The path now ascends rapidly for }/ira., crosses Mossy Falls Brook, a pretty cascade, again rises for about the same distance and reaches Flume Brook, which is crossed on the ruins of an_old lumber bridge. Here a trail to the R. leads to the head of the Kinsman Flume, 30 rods distant, joining the path to Bald Knob (10 min. walk), a rocky dome crowning one of the spurs of Mt. Kinsman, whence may be obtained a view of the north peak, the western valleys and many moun- tains. Continuing toward Mt. Kinsman, the path next traverses a flat through old timber cuttings, with little or no climbing for ]4, m., rises gradually, then sharply, to the upper bridge, beyond which the ascent becomes less steep. A short distance above this point water is nearly always found in the path. The head of the logging road being reached, the path winds up through a virgin forest of spruce and fir and, soon after crossing the Easton-Lincoln town line, joins the Kinsman Ridge Trail which comes in from the L. from Mt. Can- non. The summ.it of the north peak, a few rods beyond, though covered with dwarf trees, is sufficiently open to afford noble views in all directions. A trail leads to water close by and then to the ledges of the pre- cipitous cliff on the E., at the foot of which lies Kins- man Pond. The Kinsman Ridge Trail continues R. to the S. peak of Mt. Kinsman and thence to Lost River. In the col between the peaks a large rock is passed on the R. where water is sometimes found. From the col the ascent is easy and gradual, the path emerging 384 MOOSILAUKE AND KINSMAN. from the scrub and gaining the ledges at the E. end of the crest. A trail to the L. soon leads to Spring Rock, where water is usually found. The main path turns sharply to the R., crossing a shallow depression to the true summit. The crest of South Kinsman is scrubby, flattened and open, with outcropping ledges, presenting a rocky expanse of several acres, the sum- mit having been burned over about 1870. The m.oun- tain sandwort, cowberry and Labrador tea grow here in great profusion. The view is extensive and, in some respects, superior to that from, the north peak. The summit cairn contains an A. M. C. cylinder. Distances. Highway to sugar house % m.; to Flume Brook 2 m.; to head of logging road 3 m.; to North Peak 3K m.; to South Peak 43^ m. Times. Highway to Flume Brook i hr. 30 min.; to North Peak 3 hrs. 30 min.; to South Peak 4 hrs. 15 min. Kinsman Ridge Trail. This trail, constructed by the A. M. C. in 1917-19, extends from Lost River in the Kinsman Notch over Mt. Kinsman to Cannon Mt., where it meets the trail from the Profile House. Description. The trail leaves the highway near the exit of the Beaver Falls- Moosilauke Path, at a sign, and climbs the ridge in a northeasterly direction through the reservation of the Society for the Preser- vation of New Hampshire Forests. On reaching the top of the cliff above Lost River, the path soon descends sharply for a short distance into a col, after which it maintains a general northeasterly direction, with minor ups and downs along the summit of the main ridge leading towards Wolf Mt. Occasional glimpses of Wolf Mt., Moosilauke, and the Franconia peaks, are obtained, before the trail crosses three small MOOSILAUKE AND KINSMAN. 385 brooklets as it descends gradually to Gordon Pond. At this point it meets the path of the U. S. F. S. leading from North Woodstock to Bog Pond and Easton (sign). Turning L. along the shore of the pond the U. S. F. S. path is followed over the height of land east of Wolf Mt. and down to the junction of the U. S. F. S. path to Easton (L.). The latter path is fol- lowed to the point where it turns L. to go through the Notch to Easton (sign). At this junction the new A. M. C. trail is resumed (sign), and leads in a northeasterly direction to the crossing of "Eliza Brook" (good water). The path now ascends the eastern bank of the brook, with many glimpses of beautiful brook scenery, for about i3^ m.; then re- crossing, the stream mounts steeply towards the W. through larger growth for a quarter of an hour to "Harrington Pond." Passing the eastern end ot the little pond across luxuriant swamp growth, the trail re-enters the woods at once on the R. (sign), and soon begins to slab rather steeply the main Kinsman ridge. The grade increases till the path zigzags to a level stretch of the ridge, after which a short and steep ascent, with many outlooks toward Bog Pond and adjacent mountains, brings the tramper into the scrub. Passing directly over "Stetson Cave" (a possible shelter in bad weather), the open summit of South Kinsman is soon reached, marked by a cairn (A. M. C. cylinder). (See p. 384.) The trail then continues across a shallow depres- sion, turns sharply to L. (a trail nearly straight ahead leading to Spring Rock where water is usually found) and following along the crest of the ridge, descends gradually to the col between the N. and S. peaks. Here water is sometimes found by a large rock to the L. of the trail. The trail then ascends to the summit of the N. peak (p. 383). Here a trail to the R. leads 386 MOOSILAUKE AND KINSMAN. to water and the E. view- point. The main trail con- tinues N. (the trail to Easton soon diverging to the L.) and descends the cone rapidly to the ridge leading to Cannon Mt. At the point where it reaches this ridge, the Kinsman Pond Trail (see p. 301) diverges sharply to the R. A few hundred yards down this trail is a beautiful camping place on the E. side of the pond, and the view of the N. Peak from this spot well repays the slight additional effort of a visit. The main trail, resumed, passes over, around and between the va- rious subsidiary humps to the three main humps or "Cannon-balls" that constitute the ridge to Cannon Mt. On top of the first Cannon-ball is a m.eadow, and a little below this, on the path, water may be found. The path descends sharply to a deep ravine, where excellent water will certainly be found. Bearing to the L., the trail slabs the second Cannon-ball and enters the next col with very little descent. Over the third Cannon-ball it descends to Copper Mine Col, at the base of Cannon Mt. (whence the Lonesome Lake Trail leads S., ^ mx. to Lonesome Lake). It then as- cends to the top and descends through scrub to the open ledges to the E., where it meets the path from the Profile House (p. 299). Distances. Lost River to top of cliff, % m-; to Gordon Pond 3^ m.; to junction for Bog Pond 5 m.; to junction for Easton 63^ m.; to "Eliza Brook" 6^ m.; to recrossing of the brook, 8 m.; to "Harring- ton Pond" 8^ m.; to summit of S. Kinsman 9^^ m.; to summit of N. Kinsman loj^ m.; to Kinsman Pond Trail 11 m.; to Lonesome Lake Trail 133^ m.; to Can- non Mt. Trail 14K m. Times. To sum.mit of cliff 3^ hr.; to Gordon Pond 2 hrs.; to junction for Bog Pond 2 hrs. 40 min.; to junction for Easton 3 hrs. 10 min.; to "Eliza Brook" 3 hrs. 25 min.; to recrossing of brook 4 hrs. 15 min.; MOOSILAUKE AND KINSMAN. 387 to "Harrington Pond" 4^^ hrs.; to summit of S. Kinsman 6 hrs.; to summit N. Kinsman 6^4 hrs.; to Kinsman Pond Trail 7M hr.; to Lonesom.e Lake Trail 93^ hrs.; to Cannon Mt, Trail loj^ hrs. The Benton Range. To the west of Mts. Moosilauke and Kinsman is the lower Benton Range extending N. and S., of which Black Mountain and Sugar Loaf are perhaps the most interesting, though possibly more adapted to those not looking for trails. Black Mountain. This mountain is now a fire station, and a good trail leads to the warden's cabin perched at the S. end of the crest at the foot of a low cliff just below the summit. SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHWEST TRAILS. Leave road up N. brianch of Oliverian Brook where it begins to bend W. toward Haverhill center. Just beyond a ruined house a cut road turns R. down hill. Avoid L. forks to shacks on hill and old limekiln, but take L. fork after second bend (R. leads toward Sugar Loaf). Road climbs to high pasture, passing cellar hole, entering woods, and running to old logging camp in col between Black and Sugar Loaf. From here trail climbs S.E. side of Black by easy grade. For S.W. trail turn L. from cart road at cellar hole, clirnxb pasture heading for slash at L. of ledges and find trail at top of slash. No signs, but good when found, though steep. Both trails lead to fire sta.tion at top (cabin and tower). Water at cabin. Distance. 23^ m. by S.W. trail; 3 ra. by S.E. trail. Time. By S.W. trail iM hrs. 388 MOOSILAUKE AND KINSMAN. The mountain is also reached from the N., from the farm of Myron Bowles in Benton, where inquiries should be made. Sugar Loaf. This peak is approached from the W. by the Lime- kiln road, as described by Sweetser. Inquiries may be made at any of the farmhouses near the foot of the mountain. The pins sunk in the rocks which marked a former path are said to be still there. There appear to be no trails to Blueberry. Hogsback. On Hogsback a Forest Service trail descends the east side from the fire station to the N. and S. road near the head of Oliverian Brook. This, for a mile, is an abandoned road, but the balance of the way to Glencliflf is a good wagon road. SECTION XX. Outlying Mountains. Red Hill to the E. and the low peaks of the Squam Range to the N. and W. of Squam Lake offer views out of proportion to the effort involved in the ascent. See Sketch Map on page 390. Red HUl. Red Hill in the town of Moultonborough has two summits, but the northerly and higher one (2,038 ft.) is the one commanding a view. South Path: The path to the summit leaves the highway which runs along the W. base of the mountain. The first 3^ m. from the highway is a steep wagon road running to an unoccupied farmhouse (about 1,375 ft. elev.). East of the house turn sharply to the L.and pass through a gate. The path proper begins at the gate and is very broad and clearly defined. From the gate to the summit is about i m. The only water is a spring about 3^ m. below the summit at the L. of the path (sign). To reach the lower end of the path from Centre Harbor, take the Sandwich road (first left E. of the library) for 1 3^ m. to the first road on the R. Follow the latter for ij^ m., crossing the bridge between Quinebarge and Round ponds, to the first road on the L. Following the latter J^ m. brings one to the road (on the R.) to the farmhouse mentioned above. Distances. Centre Harbor to foot of mountain 33^ m.; to gate and path 3^ m.; to summit 4% m. Times. Centre Harbor to foot of mountain i hr. 30 min.; to gate and path 2 hrs.; to spring 2 hrs. 30 min.; to summit 3 hrs. Sandwich Path: The mountain can also be as- cended from the N. by the Sandwich Trail. Leave the (389) OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 391 road on the E. shore of Squam Lake at the Range Road (Sign Sandwich Lower Corners) 3^ m. S, of Sandwich Landing. In about ^ m. take R. fork (grassy) to abandoned red house. Cross and climb pastures S. of the house, keeping to R. of brook, following field road to a sugar cabin. Go S. up long, narrowing pastures, no trail, crossing and recrossing the brook. Then through a small clearing to the brook (last water). Blazes follow brook R. and L. to top. Join S. path near the summit. South Summit: A path to the south summit and along the ridge (N.) to connect with the South path has recently been cut. It leaves the Moultonborough road about 3 m, E. of Centre Harbor. Enquire at one of the numerous farm boarding-houses just E. of Good- rich Mills, near Quinebarge pond. East and West Rattlesnake. West Rattlesnake. West Rattlesnake Mt. is wooded on the N. but is open to the S. with fine views over Squam Lake. Ramsey Trail: This route is short, but steep, and is marked with white paint. Turn R. from the Ash- land — Centre Sandwich highway at the schoolhouse on branch road to Deephaven Camp. Leave this road at a sugar cabin on the left between the entrances to Deephaven and Rockwold (both entrances marked by signs). The trail starts behind the cabin, passes through a small growth, to large hemlocks, where paint spots begin and a sharp turn to L. occurs. The path then rises slightly (watch for sign at the R.) then more steeply over rocks. On reaching the upper level and cairns, turn L. of windfall over wet place to red- dish path (North Path enters on the L.), which in 2 min. reaches the summit. Time from sugar house to summit 20-30 minutes. 392 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. North Path : The ascent by this route is longer but easier, with views and water. Leave the Ashland — Center Sandwich highway at a farmhouse on the R. about 15 min. N. of the side road to Deephaven Camp. Pass between the house and barn, then between stone walls, through a wire fence, up a conspicuous line of maples to their end. Then go diagonally R. (S.E.) zigzagging on a field road. Keep to R. forks and plain- est track. When entering woods look for spring. In the woods 400 ft. from the summit the Ramsey Trail comes in from the R. Here to the L. water is sometimes found. Distance. From schoolhouse to summit i34 m. Time. 50 min. East Rattlesnake. North Ascent. From schoolhouse mentioned on p. 391 follow Sandwich road i3^ m. N.E. and E. until a large rock-ledged brook is crossed (last safe water) to little road R. leading S.E. toward a tiny cemetery. At the first house follow a field road toward the moun- tain to a pine wood. Fork L. into this wood. Watch for a clearing with a view N. Distance. School to top 3 m. Time. i}4 hrs. East Rattlesnake can be ascended from the S., but only with the consent of the owners of Pinehurst; and can also be reached from W. Rattlesnake across the saddle. Mt. Percival. This bald, rocky peak (about 2,000 ft.) though not the highest, is one of the most interesting of the Squam Range. From the schoolhouse where the road to Rocky Wold and Deephaven leaves the Ashland — ^Centre Sandwich highway go N. on the latter about ^ m. to the third OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 393 farmhouse on L. Pass between house and barn, and strike N.W. across the pasture through stone wall toward highest, ragged peak (Morgan Mt.). Find an obscure wood road at the N. extremity of the field, good going, soon crossing brook. Entrance to moun- tain wood road is through stone wall (sign). At a lettered birch the road divides; the L. fork is the Brook Trail route, the R. via the Caves. Brook Trail: Fork* L. then cross the brook. At next fork bear R. following blazes, which soon turn L. and in a few hundred feet reach the brook which is as- cended without trail until clear blazes branch to R. When near head of brook (last water) ascend sharply, swing R. along ledges (with views), marked with cairns, N.E. to the peak. Cave Trail: At lettered birch take R. fork, watch- ing blazes. Soon (at sign) turn L. from the road to the brook, and follow up E. bank to a spring. Follow blazes R. along the foot of ledges, dipping a little, then up a gully, and follow cairns over open rocks. The trail forks R. when in view of a cliff near the summit to permit visiting the caves. The L. fork avoids the cave, climbs a narrow rock slope, then goes straight up a wooded gully, and turns L. to the summit. Distance. Road to summit about 2 m. Time. Road to summit i3^-2 hrs. Mt. Prospect. Mt. Prospect (2,072 ft.) in Holderness, with fine view up Franconia Notch, can be ascended by cart roads from the Plymouth side, or by trail from the vicinity of Squam Lake. From the highway along the W. shore of Squam Lake go W. on Beech Road, then L. a short distance, then R. on the Plymouth Road about i^^ m. over the divide (Mt. Livermore Path on L.) and past forks to where white and gray houses are opposite. .394 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. Turn R. (N.) between stone posts of gray house, past barn, between stone walls; then the trail crosses a small brook. The trail soon peters out. Make a long L. diagonal N.W. through the woods to an open ridge that bares the S. and W. fronts of Prospect Mt. There is a tripod on top. Water may be found to N.E. of summit in spruce wood to which a ragged lone birch in the open will guide. It is possible to drive an automobile from Holder- ness by highway and a rough range road to within a mile of the top on the S. side. Mt. Livermore. Mt. Livermore (about 1,500 ft.) can be ascended by road and path. From Squam Lake proceed as directed in Prospect Mt. description, but when on the divide turn L. into a well defined path through the woods to open pasture which is followed to the top. Time. Public landing on Squam Lake (N. of Web- ster boathouse) to summit i hr. The ascent can also be made by trail from the Mt. Livermore House. Mt. Morgan. This mountain may be reached along the Squam Ridge in either direction, — from Mt. Percival on the N.E. or by a longer and more obscure route from Mt. Livermore on the S. Although there is no definite and continuous trail, the way along the ridge is obvious. There are many view-points, and the circuit is a delight- ful all-day walk. Several years ago Rev. Malcolm Taylor discovered the remnants of an old trail leading directly up the mountain from the Sandwich Road. It has recently been cleared. It starts from the second farmhouse on the L., ^ m. north of the Rockywold cross-road. ■ The path leaves the highway at a gap in the wall 100 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 395 ft. N. of the farmhouse (sign). It goes N.E. up the pasture to a gap in the birches, where there is another sign, and thence by a good wood road to a blackberry- pasture. It follows red blazes to the N. corner and again enters the woods, passing through several small clearings. After passing through a clump of large white birches it turns L., enters a hardwood growth and passes a quartz outcrop. It then climbs steeply to the height of land, where it swings R. up a little valle}^ with crags on the L. and containing water (in wet seasons only). Just beyond the cliffs it turns L. up a steep side gully reaching to the top of a ledge, from which the best view of the lake is obtained. The real summit is some 300 ft. N. of this point and is worth visiting for the sake of the northerly view. The path is marked by cairns. Distance. From Sandwich Road 2 m. Time. i3^ hrs. Mt. Ossipee. The Ossipee Mountains occupy an irregular tract about six miles square, including parts of Sandwich, Tam worth, Tuftonborough and Moultonborough. Roads extend into this region from the villages on the E. and N., but the most attractive approach is by steamer from points on Lake Winnepesaukee to Melvin Village. During July and August there are R. F. D. mail boats from Wolfeboro, Weirs and other lake land- ings (including Three Mile Island), besides the larger boats of the Lake Winnepesaukee Transport Co. About 2 m. N.E. of Melvin Village, or somewhat less by a wood path, the "mountain road," skirting the S.W. base from Tuftonborough to Moultonborough, is reached near its crossing of Drake Brook, a branch of Melvin River. Crossing this brook one leaves the "mountain road" at a pair of bars on the L. and fol- 396 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. lows a pasture lane among alders to the edge of the woods. Here the lane becomes a well-marked logging road, rising more rapidly along the brook. Light teams can be taken to this point. The main logging road is followed for lo min., past pretty waterfalls to a grassy expansion among the ruinous buildings of an old logging camp. This is an excellent camp site, and was occupied by the Club party in 1909. Continuing up the logging road for 10 min., on the R. side of the ridge which separates the stream from a nearly parallel gully to the R., one enters a pasture partly grown up with small pines and affording out- looks ahead. At the top of a steep slope a large cairn marks the point of departure of a branch trail to the R., crossing the gully already mentioned and ascending the open pasture in a general E. direction, marked by cairns, to the ledgy spur called Tate Mountain. The main trail, bearing gradually to the L. and crossing a raspberry patch, reaches the brook again, crosses and follows it more or less closely through second growth nearly to its source. The remainder of the ascent is of steeper grade, through a mixed growth of spruce and hardwood. The top is somewhat thick- ly wooded, but a tree with spikes affords a wide out- look, and N.E. of the summit trees have been cut, opening the northern horizon from Mt. Moosilauke to Mt. Kearsarge. Several points on the ascent afford fine views over Lake Winnepesaukee. The summit is an irregular ridge about i m. in length, with three well marked nubbles. A rough trail trav- erses this ridge, with glimpses of Dan Hole and other ponds. Leaving the south peak in a S.E. direction and swinging gradually to the R. over occasional sightly ledges, one may reach Tate Mountain and descend by the pasture trail mentioned above to the junction OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 397 and the highway. This descent gives continual fine views of Winnepesaukee and the smaller lakes, with the Belknaps and southern Kearsarge looming across the former. This rocky spur is much frequented by berry pickers. Water will be found near the upper N.E. wall of the pasture. Distances. Logging camp to summit 3 m.; to south peak 4 m.; to Tate Mountain 53^ m.; to logging camp 7 m. Times. Logging camp to summit 2 hrs.; to south peak 2 hrs. 45 min.; to Tate Mountain 3 hrs. 30 min.; to logging camp 4 hrs. Ascent from logging camp to Tate Mountain i hr. The west portions of the Ossipee range, including the former Ossipee Mountain Park, have recently passed into private hands, and have undergone extensive changes, including the laying out of well graded roads to the summits, and the erection of observatories on Mt. Shaw (2,950 ft.) and Black Snout (2,700 ft.). Mt. Belknap. Mt. Belknap (2,378 ft.) and Gunstock Mountain (2,253 ^t.) in the town of Gilford can be climbed by two routes from the lakeward side and two from the landward. There is a fire-warden's tower on the sum- mit. 1. From Spring Haven Station. This route is shown on the U. S. Geological Survey's Winnepesaukee map. For ^ m. it follows a wood road up the mountain side, thence ij^ m. by a trail following a brook. There it enters a highway, opposite an unpainted house with dormer windows, at an ele- vation of 1,070 ft. (570 ft. above the lake), and turning S. (L.) follows it ^ m. to the first R. turn, thence ^ m. to a farmhouse (1,000 ft.) and there turns to the L. up a farm road to the last house. The trail begins at a 398 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. gate beside a small outbuilding immediately behind the house. The trail, marked by small cairns from the gate to the summit, follows bushy pastures 3^ m. to a spring, 1,200 ft. (last water), thence in 15 min. to open ledges (1,800 ft.) affording a view. From this point the trail is mostly over open ledges to the summit, which is reached in 30 min. from the first ledge. The trail across the saddle from Mt. Belknap to Gunstock Mountain leads from the summit of Mt. Belknap in a general N.E. direction to an outlook (5 min.), thence more northerly down through spruces and over ledges into the saddle. The trail is little used and is blind, the cairns having fallen. An E. and W. wire fence (10 min. from the summit of Mt. Belknap) is passed through a bar way to connect with a N. and S. wire fence, which is followed through spruce woods and across the saddle to a barway. Cross the fence here and ascend Gunstock Mountain across pastures. Distances. Spring Haven to trail ^ m.; to high- way 2)4: m-; to last house 33^ m.; to spring 3^ m.; to Belknap summit 4^ m.; to Gunstock summit Times. Spring Haven to trail 30 min.; to high- way I hr. 15 min.; to last house i hr. 45 min.; to spring 2 hrs.; to Belknap summit 3 hrs.; to Gunstock summit 3 hrs. 30 min. 2. From Lake Shore Park Station. Follow the wagon road W. to the highway, crossing the R.R. at the station, on the way, thence R. to the bridge over Poor Farm Brook. Turn L. through the yard of the farm just across the bridge, following an attractive wood road along the brook i3<^ m. to the highway (800 ft. elev.), 50 min. from the railroad. Turn S. (L.) on the highway and in ij^ m. (30 min.) the point is reached where route No. i enters the road from OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 399 Spring Kaven, opposite an unpainted house with dor- mer windows. Thence to the summit by route No. i. Distances. Lake Shore Park to bridge and farm- house H m.; to highway i}4 m.; to junction with trail from Spring Haven 2}4 ni.; to last house 3^ m.; to spring 4 m.; to Belknap summit 5 m.; to Gunstock summit 6 m. Times. Lake Shore Park to bridge and farmhouse 15 min.; to highway 50 min.; to junction with trail from Spring Haven i hr. 20 min.; to last house i hr. 40 min.; to spring 2 hrs.; to Belknap summit 2 hrs. 45 min.; to Gunstock summit 3 hrs. 15 min. 3. From Glendale Station. Follow the main highway W. % m. to a fork in the road, whence bear to the L. on the Gilford road. In- quire for Potter farm. From Glendale to Potter farm I hr. From Potter farm follow a wood road opening from the highway on the L. just S. of the farmhouse. This leads to Pasture Hill and follows S. toward Gun- stock Mountain, ascending the latter through woods. Thence the route is by cairn line to Mt. Belknap in reverse of the route from Spring Haven. This is a roundabout route, little used and not easy to follow. Distances. Glendale to Gilford road % m,; to Potter farm 3 m. ; to Gunstock summit 5 m. ; to Belknap summit 6 m. Times. Glendale to Gilford road 15 min.; to Potter farm i hr.; to Gunstock summit 3 hrs.; to Belknap summit 3 hrs. 30 min. 4. From Gilford. The ascent of Mt. Belknap from the W. side begins at George Morrill's farm, about 2 m. from Gilford village. The path starts on the L. of the barn, swings to the R. through a pasture gate, bears to the L. and makes a sharp dip, crossing a small brook (in wet 400 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. weather). It then follows along the N.E. side of a wire fence until a fork is reached. Both parts of the fork are good wood roads, but take the L., which makes a fair, good ascent. The path now follows the ridge of a minor shoulder and runs nearly E. with Gunstock Brook on the R. About ^ m. from the start the brook and path come together and a few rods further is the last water. The path, now steeper, soon turns to the L., going N. across a large clearing with an excellent view to the W. of Mts. Cardigan, Lower Kearsarge and Monadnock. At the N. end of the clearing the path (here rather faint) turns to the R. and enters the woods, going E. The ascent is now steeper, over loose stones until a series of small ledges is passed and the top is reached by swinging a little N.E. From the top various small paths go to lookouts and also to Gunstock Mountain, but the latter path is very faint. Distances. To last water ^ m.; to summit i3^ m. Time. From Morrill's to summit i ^ hrs. Route No. I is best for those approaching the moun- tain by conveyence from the lakeside (E.). Drive to the "last house" mentioned above. Route No. 4 is best for those approaching by con- veyance from the Laconia side (W.). Drive to Gun- stock River bridge at the foot of Piper Mountain. Routes Nos. i and 2 afford the best views after reaching the ledges. Middle Connecticut River Mountains. These mountains, extending along the E. bank of the Connecticut River from Haverhill to Claremont, are low, but afford views with a character of their own. The Dartmouth Outing Club is developing this region. A chain of frame camps, a day's tramp apart, is pro- jected; those at Moose Mountain, Cube Mountain, OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 401 Armington Pond, Glencliff and Agassiz Basin are built. These D. O. C. camps are, by special courtesy, open to A. M. C. members. A route map, Hanover to North Woodstock, is in prog-ress, and the preliminary edition can be obtained at Storr's Bookstore, Hanover. It will serve better for this region than brief trail de- criptions. Piermont Mountain. Piermont Mountain (2,500 ft.) lies in the S.E. cor- ner of the town of Piermont. It is usually approached from the Lake Tarleton region. A trail was once blazed leaving the S.W. corner of Armington Pond near the Josiah Hardy place, and ascending direct to ledges giving a view to the E. There is little outlook in other directions. The only water is in a spring near the pond. Time to summit i hr. Cube Mountain. Cube Mountain (2,927 ft.) lies between Orford and Wentworth. The old Orford-Wentworth highway runs around its N. end. At the height of land, about half-way between the Fairlee-Orford and Wentworth stations (7 m. from each), is the old Cube Mountain House, from which a path ascends direct. Time, i to 1 3^ hrs. The view is good. The Cube cabin of the D. O. C. is close by the road running under the W. face of the mountain, and a trail begins there. Time, i}4 to 2 hrs. Smart's Mountain. Smart's Mountain (about 3,200 ft.) lies on the line between Lyme and Dorchester. The broad, flattish summit is mostly wooded, but two fire-lookout towers have been erected. The summit can be reached by following logging roads from "Quint Town," 6 m. E. of Orford, or from the Lyme-Dorchester road 6 m. E. of Thetford. The latter, used by the fire-warden, turns L. from the Lyme- 402 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. Dorchester road about 23^ m. E. of Lyme Center, just before the road crosses Grant Brook for the third time after passing that village. The trail is well marked. In general keep to the L., and follow the telephone wire. Time from highway 2-3 hrs. Moose Mountain. Moose Mountain (2,326 ft.) in the eastern part of Hanover is climbed from the Guyer farm 8 m. N.E. of Norwich-Hanover station. An old road, a portion of the track laid out by Governor Wentworth from Wolfe- boro to Hanover in 1772, crosses a col in the long ridge. Follow this road from the Guyer farm straight E. to the height of land, then turn N. (view to the E. from the lumbered section) and follow the crest ridge to a grassy clearing, giving a view to theW. Water will be found in the edge of the woods on the E. side of the summit clearing. There are outlooks on the slightly higher summit S. of the Governor's Road, reached by trails starting from the D. O. C. Moose Cabin, which is in the woods 3^ m. E. of the Bradbury farm. Mt. Croydon. Mt. Croydon (2,789 ft.) is a mass of low ridges oc- cupying a large area in the towns of Cornish, Grantham, Croydon and Plainfield. The summit affords a clear sweep and is occupied as a lookout station by the N. H. Forestry Commission. It is, however, entirely in the game preserve called Blue Mountain Forest, or, lo- cally, Corbin Park, and permission to enter has to be secured by correspondence. It is most easily reached from Lake Sunapee. Mt. Cardigan. This isolated summit (3,200 ft.) is situated in the towns of Orange and Alexandria. A carriage road leads up the W. side of the mountain for some distance, and there are two trails on the E. side. Canaan is the OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 403 most convenient point from which to approach the car- * riage road, and Bristol is the nearest railroad station to the two trails. Old Carriage Road. From Canaan Station go by road to Orange. After passing the second church the road at once crosses Orange Bk. and forks twice, keep to R. About Yi m. farther at next fork, turn L., and L. again at next fork Y% m. farther, i m. beyond a deserted building is passed, and the road enters the w^oods. It becomes narrower and steeper as it leads upward and at length ■'becomes a foot path. Considerably more than half ; way up the mountain it leads past a spring, which is "said to be perm.anent. A short distance further on the path leads to the foot of extensive ledges. The way over these ledges to the summit is but slightly marked. There is no difficulty, however, in reaching the highest point without a trail, but it is best to fix upon some landmark to aid in locating the path at this point for the return. The summit is of bare rock and affords an unobstructed view. It was burned over in 1855. In beginning the descent it is well to remember that the path is in the valley to the north of the striking S.W. ridge. Distances. Canaan R. R. station to Orange 2^ m. ; to summit 53^ m. The Clark Path.* Bristol is the nearest railroad station from which to ascend Mt. Cardigan on the E. side. From Bristol follow the highway to the red schoolhouse in Alexandria and turn to the L. After making this turn the next road to the L. leads to the Clark farm, now abandoned. ♦Note: This path is (1919) reported neglected and in part de- stroyed by logging. 404 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. From near the buildings on this farm follow up th( brook to a point near the woods, where the path wil be seen leading up a steep bank into the woods. Higl up on the mountain the path crosses a small watej course where water can almost always be found. Th( path leads up the S.E. side of the ledgy mountain top and it is best to swing about to the S. side of the sum- mit. Distances. Bristol to the red schoolhouse 8 m.: to Clark farm lo m.; to summit 12 m. The Holt Path.* The beginning of this path is not far from the Clark Path. From the red schoolhouse in Alexandria turn to the L. and continue on this road to the Tucker farm, now occupied by J. H. Austin. Near this point is the site once occupied by a steam mill. From the mill site follow up a brook to a logging road. This old road leads into the Clark Path. Distances. Red schoolhouse to Tucker farm 1}^ m.; to beginning of logging road 2 m.; to Clark Path 3 m- Mt. Kearsarge. History. Among the historic mountains of New^i England, Mt. Kearsarge (2,943 ft.) has an important place. Situated in the towns of Andover, New London, Salisbury, Sutton, Warner and Wilmot, it is the dom- inating peak of Merrimac County. Rising conspicuous- ly in a region of lakes and rivers, it is not unlikely that it was seen by the first explorer of the Merrimac Valley wilderness. At all events it was discovered shortly after the landing of the Pilgrims, for it appears as "Carasarga" on Gardner's survey map, which was *Note: This path is (1919) reported neglected and in part de- stroyed by logging. OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 405 authorized by the Massachusetts General Court in 1638. On other early maps the name varied from "Cusagee" to "Kyasarga," but since the appearance of Carrigain's map of 18 16 it has continued in its present form. Some years ago considerable discussion occurred because the same name had become attached to a fine mountain near Conway. This northern region was settled, in part, by people whose early days were spent in sight of Mt. Kearsarge, and it is claimed that they took the name with them. Thus for years there have been two New Hampshire mountains bearing the same name, although many people called the mountain to the north by a famous Indian name, Pequawket. In 1915 these names were passed upon by the U. S. Geographic Board and by their decision the name Kearsarge was adopted for the Merrimac County mountain and Pe- quawket for its distant northern neighbor* The summit commands views of Lake Sunapee, New- found Lake, Lake Winnepesaukee and the Merrimac River, while many noted mountains in New Hampshire and Vermont are seen in the distance. The summit is an irregular but interesting mass of granite and is quite unlike any other summit in New England. Years ago there was a hotel on the mountain and an excel- lent carriage road led up from the Warner side. This house has long since disappeared, but the carriage road can still be followed, although not by carriages, and is the most interesting route for the ascent. In recent years a trail has been construct- ed on the north side, leaving the highway about 3^^ to 4 m. from Potter Place station. This makes it possible for visitors to enjoy a variety of scenery by ascending by one route and descending by the other. 4o6 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. Carriage Road. From Warner follow a highway about N. through an interesting farming country. After 2 to 3 m. fewer farms are cultivated and the region becomes wilder. After passing the Salisbury road, which leads off to the R., the next turn to the R., which is 43^ to 5 m. from Warner, is the mountain road. Formerly there was a sign at this point indicating the way to Mt. Kearsarge. There is no difficulty in locating the road, for abandoned farm buildings can be seen from the corner and are but a few rods away. Following this branch road past the old buildings and another abandoned farm, the road leads through a gate. From this point the moun- tain road leads N. past the ruins of a barn, begins the ascent through forest and in a few minutes passes through another gate. The path then leads N.W. and is broad and distinct until the ruins of the Half- Way House are reached at a point about 2 m. from the highway. For the remaining distance the road winds about and as it nears the summit becomes much nar- rower and less distinct. If a little care is taken the way will be found without much difficulty. The road ends in a swale just below the summit. Here water is found and the place is a convenient one for camping. It is but a few rods to the topmost ledges. Distances. Warner to mountain road 43^ to 5 m.; to summit 83^ to 9 m. Time. From beginning of mountain road to summit about 33^ hrs. Trail up the North Side. From Potter Place station a highway leads S. to the site of the Winslow House, which was destroyed by fire some years since. Here there is a small building where some refreshments are sold. In the rear of this building the path up the mountain begins. It leads past a clump of trees and then through a pasture, keep- OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 407 ing E. of a wire fence. The way is not well defined at first, but can be found without difficulty and after entering the woods is quite conspicuous and in places is badly washed. There are several springs, some of which are probably permanent. The path finally comes out on bare ledges and although marked by cairns it is somewhat difficult to follow. Its general direction over the ledges is a little S. of W. The summit is bare, irregular and conspicuous. Water is found by descend- ing S. a few rods into a swale which can be seen from the summit. In this swale the old road from Warner ends. Distances. Potter Place station to site of Winslow House Sy4 to 4 m.; to summit about 6 m. Time. From site of Winslow House to summit i)^ to 2 hrs. Mt. Sunapee. Situated in the town of Newbury, this mountain (2,743 ft.) has the advantage of proximity to Lake Sunapee and has also a small but charming lake (Lake Solitude, six acres) near its summit. It is doubtful if there is a mountain in the State of the same elevation which equals Mt. Sunapee in charm and variety of scenery. Six hundred and fifty acres surrounding the summit have been purchased as a forest reserve by residents around Sunapee Lake. This tract has been placed in care of the Society for the Protection of N. H. Forests. The trails are so arranged that one may as- cend by one route and descend by another, including Lake Solitude and the summit. From Lake Sunapee R. R. Station. Some three minutes S. of the railroad station a path leaves the highway near a small stream. It is marked by a sign and leads W. Soon it merges into a logging road which it follows for a few rods. It is soon joined by a path leading up from Newbury. 4o8 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. In about 40 min. the path leads past the Eagle's Nest, a small wooden building perched on the top of interesting ledges and affording a fine view of Lake Sunapee. Continuing about S.W. from the building it soon descends slightly and crosses a small stream. In about }/2 m- from the Eagle's Nest it leads past a spring discovered in 1912; it then turns abruptly to the S. for a short distance, but soon winds to the W. and approaches an excellent outlook called South Peak Ledge. Continuing about due W. it leads into a saddle from which the south peak rises rather steeply. The path leads past another outlook and ascends gently. After reaching the top of the ledge it turns about due W. and continues, sometimes descending and sometimes ascending, to Lake Solitude which is a few rods S. of the path. Three minutes beyond the lake and just to the W. of the path is the White Ledge. The summit of Mt. Sunapee is about 40 min. further W. and there is no difficulty in following the trail. An observation platform has been placed there and adds materially to the extent of the view. From Mt. Sunapee P. O. From the Johnson farm, which is but a short distance from Mt. Sunapee P.O., there is another route to the summit, which follows a road in a S. direction, passing deserted farm buildings in 3^ hr. or less. A logging road continues in substantially the same direction. It passes close to a large sawdust pile, near which an- other path leads up to the L. (S.W.) to Lake Solitude.^ The main trail leads through a rather blind region, but there are signs and no difficulty will be found. It passes a spring marked by a sign and after ascending for a time descends for a few rods to an interesting ledge. It then rises to an outlook where an observatory has been constructed in the form of a ladder leading OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 409 to the branches of a good-sized tree. The path con- tinues to the N., leads past water and in about 20 min. reaches the summit. Grotched Mountain. Crotched Mountain (2,055 ft.) in Francestown and Bennington, N. H., is easily ascended from either place. It is shown on the northerly margin of the Peterboro sheet of the U. S. Geological Survey. On its summit which is open and ledgy, is a fire warden's station. The saddle, a few hundred yards below the summit, is reached by a carriage road about ^ m. in length, leading up the east slope from Mountain Farm, which is on a side road off the highway between Francestown and Bennington. In coming from the direction of Bennington, at about 4 m. turn to the R. to the road to Mountain Farm and follow it 3^ m. to the farm. Greenfield, N. H., on the Boston & Maine R. R., is the station for Francestown, which is about 43^ m. distant. From Francestown go toward Ben- nington, and at about 2]/^ m. turn to the L. on the road which, followed about i m., leads past Mountain Farm. Piscataquog Mountain. Piscataquog or Fuller Mountain (1,262 ft.) in Lyndeboro, N. H., can be reached from Lyndeboro Centre by going N. on the road toward Francestown I ^ to 2 m. to the Pinnacle House on the south slope. After passing the hotel turn to the R. into the Fuller pasture, which leads to the open summit. Piscataquog Mountain and its neighbor, Lyndeboro Mountain, are shown on the Peterboro sheet of the U. S. Geological Survey. Pack Monadnock. This extended ridge with its culminating peaks. North Pack (2,257 ft.) and South Pack (2,280 ft.), lies 4IO OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. between Peterboro and Temple, N. H., and is a well known landmark from many points in southern New Hampshire and eastern Massachusetts. It is said that from South Pack more evidences of the habitation of man are visible than from any other mountain in the world. On the summit of South Pack is the Gen. James Miller Park, a State reservation, and on the south shoulder the A. M. C. reservation, a four-acre tract given the Club in 1901 by Mrs. Hattie A. Farrar of Boston. A wagon road built and maintained by the State of New Hampshire leaves the N. side of the Wilton- Peterboro road at its highest point as it passes over the south shoulder of the mountain, about 4 m. from Peterboro and 10 m. from Wilton. It winds up the shoulder through picturesque woods, coming out in about % m. on the ledges at the A. M. C. reservation. Passing this, it continues about J^ m. up the shoulder and ends at Miller Park a few rods below the open and rocky summit. From the summit the descent can be made to the N. through open pastures to the saddle, thence to North Pack, distant i3^ to 2 m. From the east North Pack can be reached from the Collins place at the end of the road about i3^ m. frorn the "old County Farm" in Wilton, which in turn is- about 43^ m. from Wilton station. Pass to the L. of the barn at the Collins place and across the brook, thence striking directly for the summit, about i3^ m. distant. The way is through open pastures with a belt | of evergreen. The summit is bare and ledgy. From ' North Pack the descent can be made through fairly open going to Brantwood Camp (a boys' camp) and thence by a cart-road to the South Lyndeboro — Peter- boro highway at a point about 4 m. from the latter place. Dublin Village XCfArr*-^ Coeifri»/tf /f20 iv j4fifia/aehian Mtun*ai/t C/o^ V i > I a a e 412 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. Pack Monadnock is shown on the Peterboro sheet of the U. S. Geological Survey. Mt. Monadnock. Mt. Monadnock in the towns of Dublin and Jaffrey, about 10 m. from the Massachusetts boundary, is an iso- lated mountain 3,166 ft. above sea level and from 1,500 to 2,000 ft. above the surrounding country. The upper 500 ft. consist of open rocks bared by forest fires of a century ago. There are several well-marked paths to the summit from both N. and S. sides. Two of these lead from Dublin on the N., one from the old hotel halfway up the mountain on the S. and two from the Dublin-Jafifrey highway on the S.E. Numerous links connect the main S. side trails, and ramify through the woods on the slopes. Only the main trails to the summit are here described. Details of the minor paths and links for the S. side are shown on a sketch map by E. J. Harling, Jaffrey, N. H. The summit rock is disfigured by the cabin of the fire warden. The Half- Way House Trail. This is one of the oldest routes to the summit and was much used at the time when Emerson and Thoreau frequented the mountain, about 1850. It begins near the carriage sheds of the Half-Way House and is a broad and clearly defined path. For some distance it follows the brook and above the tree line is marked with white arrows on the rocks. Just below the summit there is a rain shelter built in 1910 by Scott A. Smith of Providence for the convenience of the public. The Half-Way House is about 2,200 ft. above sea level and is reached by a road 1 3^ m. long, leaving the highway from East Jaffrey to Troy at a point 5 m. from the former and 4 m. from the latter. The moun- tain road is reached 6 m. from Fitzwilliam depot. Distance. Half-Way House to summit i m. OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 413 The Dublin Path. The Dublin Path on the N. side of the mountain leaves the road from Dublin to Troy opposite George Eaves' farmhouse 43^ m. W. of Dublin village, which is 63^ m. from the railroad station at Peterboro. The path can also be reached from the railroad at Harris- ville or Chesham, both of which are 6 m. distant. The path itself is about 2I4. ra. long, the upper ^ m., over the open ledges, being marked by small cairns. The Pumpelly Trail. Follow the highway W. from Dublin village ^ m. to a private road on L. used as a bridle path by the Dublin Walking and Driving Club. Follow this S. along the W. side of Snow Hill, crossing a small valley and thence gradually ascending (S.W.) to a house i3^ m. from the highway. The trail (blazed) leads thence to and up the steep bluffs on the N. end of the Dublin Ridge. There is a spring on the S. side of the trail near the bluffs. From here the trail zigzags upward until it emerges on the open shoulder of the mountain about two miles from the summit. About 100 yds. below this point the Cascade Link — a direct route toward Jaffrey and The Ark leaves on the L. (sign). From here to the summit the trail winds in and out am.ong the rocks and low scrubby spruces and firs, always following the top of the ridge, with charming views on either side. About a mile from the summit, it comes out upon the bare, glacier-swept rocks, whence for the remaining distance it is marked by cairns. Just before descending into a small ravine which separates the ridge from the main summit mass the little used upper section of the old Pasture Trails leads L. to the White Dot Trail and the Jaffrey side. From the foot of the bluffs to the summit the trail traverses the Derby and Mesonian Reservations of 414 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests. Over the ridge it is a rough scramble. Distance. From road to summit 4)^ m. The Red Cross Trail. This trail was formerly known as the Mead Brook Trail, from the stream along whose left (N.W.) bank it follows closely for some distance through its middle section. It begins on the highway from Jaffrey to Dublin immediately in the rear of the Annex of The Ark, 33^ m. from East Jaffrey. A clump of three small trees close to the roadside supporting a large stone between their stems, the stone marked with a red painted cross, is the first landmark. These red crosses are found on the rocks all the way to the summit. The trail follows an old walled lane for a short dis- tance to an ancient oak on a knoll. Thence it runs nearly due W. for about i m. to a clearing in the edge of the Monadnock State Forest. In this clearing is a large Maple Tree bearing numerous trail signs, it being the focal point of half a dozen trails to the val- ley, to the Half Way House, and to the summit. One of these is the Pasture Trail to Falcon Cabin from which trail the Cascade Link diverges. Within 3^ m. W. the Fire Line Trail comes into the Red Cross Trail from the L. on the bank of Mead Brook, coincides with the latter up stream a few rods and then diverges to the R. (signs) . The trail now follows the brook on the L. bank practically to its source. Several junctions with other trails and links are met in the course of the next mile (signs), in the following order: Lower Pasture Outlook, R.; Upper Pasture Outlook, R. (view within 100 yards of junction); the Wesselhoeft Trail, L.; Falcon Link, R. ; Dingle Dell Trail to Half- Way House, L. Throughout this section the trail is steep and side- hilling, hence diffifcult for snow-shoes. Blazed trees and red crosses on the rocks are frequent. Within ^ OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 415 m. beyond Dingle Dell junction the trail clambers sharply up the ledges by the Switch-Back and reaches the first open rocks (view). From this point on close watch should be made for the red crosses and small cairns, for the route is circuitous and the trees dwindle. Not far above the Switch-Back a final scramble up the rocks brings one to the Plateau with its impressive view of the summit dom.e of which Thoreau wrote so enthusiastically. In clear weather the summit is always in plain sight thereafter. Another junction (signs) will be met just before the dome is reached, where the White Dot trail comes in from the R. Cross- ing a small but sharp ravine the dome is climbed over smoothly glaciated and slippery ledges to the summat. Distance. The Ark to summit 33^ m. White Dot Trail. This trail is so named because it is marked throughout with dots of white paint on the rocks. It is the steepest trail on the S. side of the mountain and no shorter than any other. The section from the highway to Falcon Cabin (the forester's lodge) was cut in 1914. From that point nearly to its junction with the Red Cross Trail it was formerly a part of the Pasture Trail. The remainder of the Pasture Trail now consists of two sections, the lower extending from the Maple Tree (see Red Cross Trail) to Falcon Cabin, and the upper section winding from the White Dot Trail just below its junction with the Red Cross Trail to the Pumpelly Trail. The upper section is little used. The White Dot Trail begins on the highway leading from Jaffrey to Dublin just N. of the second brook N. of The Ark. For ^ m. it follows the trace of an old wood road across partially cut-over land, where it is more or less bushy and blind. At the wall bounding the Monadnock State Forest on the E. it makes a 4i6 OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. junction with the Pezet Link, a short cut to The Ark and entering the forest immediately begins to climb. About ^ m. farther on the Cascade Link crosses and in another 200 yards Falcon Calvin is reached. There is a fine spring among the spruces a few rods S.W, of the cabin. This is the junction (signs) with the Pas- ture Trail to The Maple Tree (see Red Cross Trail), with the Pasture Outlook Trail, and with the Falcon Link which come in from the L. Above the cabin the trail is very steep and laborious for fully 3^ m. when it emerges on the rocks of the Plateau and joins the Red Cross Trail. Just below this junction the old route of the Pasture Trail diverges to the R. and is marked with a line of cairns as it winds over to the Dublin Ridge and joins the Pumpelly Trail before climbing the dome. The White Dot Trail ends at its interesec- tion with the Red Cross Trail. Owing to its steepness it is used mostly on the descent. Distance. Highway to summit 33^ m. Marlborough Trail. This is an old and little used route leading to the summit from the W. It begins near an old barn on the road at the W. base of the mountain, 4 m. from Troy, and follows the Marlborough Ridge to the top. It is dim and uncertain in the woods. Above tree line it is marked by small cairns. Distance. Highway to summit about 2 m. Cascade Link (A. M. C.) This path was cut in 1919 by the Worcester Chapter of the A. M. C. It makes a direct route between the - N. end of Pumpelly Ridge and The Ark. Its junction with the Pumpelly Trail is about 100 yds. below the last bare rocks on the extreme N. end of the Pumpelly i Ridge, the point being marked by a sign. Slabbing the E. side of the mountain, it passes with moderate OUTLYING MOUNTAINS. 417 descent across the head waters of two small streams, presumably permanent, over two excellent outlooks, and finally acioss the cascade from which it is named. It crosses the White Dot Trail and ends at the Pasture Trail, 200 yds, below Falcon Cabin and i m. above The Maple Tree. It is a long trip from the Ark to the summit by this route and the Pumpelly Trail. Distance. Pumpelly Trail to Pasture Trail 2^ m. Snow-Shoe Route. The easiest route for a winter ascent from the S.E. is as follows: Red Cross Trail to Fire Line, i m., up latter R. ^ m. to junction with Pasture Trail which follow R. Vq m. to Falcon spring, thence by Falcon Link L. ^ m. to Red Cross Trail; and by the latter R. 1 m. to summit. This route is not perceptibly longer than one of the more direct approaches and it avoids all the excessively steep pitches, which are slippery and tiresome in winter. Given good weather the most interesting descent toward the S. E. at any season is by following the en- tire length of the Dublin Ridge to the Cascade Link 2 m. (see Pumpelly Trail), dropping gradually by that route 2^ m. (outlooks) to the White Dot Trail near Falcon Cabin, down the latter ^ m. to the Pezet Link, which in turn in something less than i m. enters the Red Cross Trail at The Ark. Distances approximate only. A map of the trails on the S.E. side, from surveys by F. H. Fay and S. H. Thorndike, will soon be obtainable. SECTION XXI. Mt. Ktaadn or Katahdin. Mount Ktaadn or Katahdin, the monarch of the Maine wilderness, is situated about 80 m. N. of Bangor, between the East and West Branches of the Penobscot River and is truly, as Winthrop says in his "Life in the Open Air," "The best mountain in the wildest wild to be had on this side the continent." Trumbull, first authority on Algonkin dialects, de- clares in favor of the first spelling given above, as near- est to the Indian pronunciation of the word meaning greatest mountain. It was climbed in 1804 by a party of eleven, and Charles Turner, one of the party, wrote an account of this ascent, probably the first. (Colls, of Mass. Historical Soc, 2nd Series, Vol. VIII, pp. 112-116.) No accurate survey has been available for this Guide, but the sketch map on the opposite page, and that on p. 418, will give the general features of the region, and the immediate details of the mountain. Distances are approximate. Physical Features. Ktaadn is a great irregularly shaped plateau, rising abruptly from a comparatively flat country and topped on its easterly margin by four low summits of which the southern (East Peak 5,260 ft. and West Peak 5,273 ft.) are the higher. These peaks are about 500 yds. apart, and from them a long, curved, serrated ridge of vertically fractured granite, known as the Knife Edge or Saw Teeth, stretches out hook- like toward the S.E., E. and N. About i m. from the plateau this ridge ends in a rock pyramid, called Chimney Peak, immediately beyond which, and separ- ated from it by a sharp cleft, is a conical rock-peak, Pamola (4,819 ft.) named for the Indian avenging (419) MT. KTAADN. 421 spirit of the mountain. Of the North Peaks, the south- erly (about 4,700 ft.) is the higher. The plateau, some four miles long, falls away ab- ruptly from 1,000 to 1,800 ft. on all sides, after which the slope becomes more gentle. Huge arms stretch out from the table-land embracing immense glacial cirques, here known as basins. Of these, the Great Basin, with its branch, the South Basin, is the most noted. In the floor of the latter at an altitude of 2,900 ft., flanked by stupendous cliffs and bordered by dense spruce forest, lies Chimney Pond, about eight acres in extent, an ideal camping place as a base for divergent mountain climbs. North of the Great Basin, but still on the E. side of the mountain is the North Basin (floor altitude 3,700 ft.) noted for its high, smooth ledged sides and boulder strewn floor. On the west side of the plateau are the little known North West Basin (about 2,900 ft.) and farther south the Klondike and Little Klondike Basins into which the plateau sends much of its drainage. From the twin peaks at the N. and S. ends of the plateau the land slopes gradually to the center, known as the Saddle. From the E. escarpment of the Saddle the plateau falls off gently toward its N.W. face, carpeted with dense scrub. This growth also covers other areas and all except the steepest walls of the plateau. Many avalanches have marked the walls and two of these prove important channels for the ascent, namely, Basin Slide (from the Great Basin to the Saddle) and Abol Slide on the S. flank. Ktaadn's nearest mountain neighbors, the Sourdna- hunk Mountains to ithe N.W. and Turner Mountain to the E., are of the same character but much lower. Owing to its isolated position, the view from Ktaadn is exceptionally fine, embracing hundreds of lakes, in- 422 MT. KTAADN. eluding Moosehead, the many windings of the Penob- scot, and to the S. the hills of Mount Desert and Camden. Mount Washington cannot be seen, as it lies in a direct line" behind Squaw Mountain at the S. end of Moosehead Lake. General Approaches. The West Branch, and a tote-road from Stacyville on the Bangor and Aroostook R. R., are the two most used approaches. From the W. Branch the routes are by the Abol Slide or by Hunt's Trail, thence across the table-land; and from Stacyville, a 28 m. walk to the South Basin, thence up Basin Slide to the Saddle, or up Pamola Peak and across ; the Knife Edge. From Stacyville the Wassataquoik can be followed and after 40 m. the N. end of the mountain reached, though this route is not advised as the region is the least interesting and logging roads are confusing. Warning. Novices should not attempt the Ktaadn trip without a guide, as all routes to the mountain traverse vast, uninhabited wildernesses. The Knife Edge should be avoided in high winds. Abol Slide Trail. This is the shortest and best known route. From Norcross on the B. & A. R. R., a steamer runs I3 m. through North Twin, Pemadumcook and Ambejijis Lake to the West Branch inlet. In 1919 the steamer ran on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday only, leav- ing Norcross on the arrival of the night train from Boston and reaching the head of Ambejijis Lake about noon. Special boat will be run on "off days" on payment of extra fare. By arrangement with Pit- man's Camp (address Norcross, Me.), guides will meet the steamer; dinner near the boat landing. Travel from this point is by canoe 16 m. up the West Branch (4 carries) to the entrance of Abol Stream. This MT. KTAADN. 423 point can also be reached from Moosehead Lake (N. E. Carry) by 50 m. canoe trip down the West Branch, through Chesuncook and Ripogenus Lakes. Abol Stream is 12 m. below the Ripogenus Dam. Am- bejijis Lake and Abol Stream can also be reached from the railroad at Millinocket via the Millinocket Tote Road. Distance. Millinocket to Ambejijis Lake 93^ m.; to Abol Stream 20 m. Leaving canoes at the mouth of Abol Stream follow a gfood tote-road 3^ m. up its S. bank to a junction with the Millinocket tote-road (20 m. from Millinocket). Turn L. on this road, cross the stream, in i m. reaching a clearing with a ruined cabin, small gravel pit, and a stream that forks just above. The spotted trail leaves the corner of the clearing and in about 33^ m. crosses the foot of the slide of 18 16, now well overgrown. In % m. further, the foot of a more recent slide (the Abol Slide) is reached, a good camping, place. Two-thirds of the way up the Slide (below timber line) is a log cabin built by Maine Forestry Commission for its fire war- den, where a few people may find shelter. It is i^ m. from the bottom to the head of the slide whence the way to the tableland }4 m. beyond is over and through huge boulders, with increasing steepness. On the table-land Hunt's Trail comes in from the L., and from this point across the table-land the slopes are gentle and the distance to the S. Peaks about i m. Wate? can often be found on the plateau beside some of the boulders near the head of the slide and there is a spring beside a conspicuous boulder W. of the junc- tion with Hunt's Trail, though a canteen is advised. Distances. West Branch to foot of slide 5^^ m. ; to top of slide 73^ m.; to plateau 8 m.; to South Peaks 9 m. (from West Branch). 424 MT. KTAADN. Time. West Branch to foot of Slide, 3 hrs. 30 min. ; to South Peaks 6 hrs., 30 min. (from West Branch). Hunt's TraU. Leave the canoe at the mouth of Sourdnahunk Stream (a branch of the Penobscot, 2 m. above Abol Stream), and follow the tote-road leading up this stream 4 m. to York's Camp on Daisy Pond, or 5 m. to Hunt's Camp on Kidney Pond. Leaving Norcross by the steamer connecting with the morning up-train, either camp can be reached by nightfall. From Hunt's to the table-land is 6 m. and from York's 5 m.; and as recent logging has obscured the path it is well to get directions before starting. From York's Camp ferry across Daisy Pond to path which skirts S.E. of Elbow Pond and follow the tele- phone wire E. i m. to the Millinocket tote-road. Follow the road E. J^ m. till it crosses Ktaadn Stream by an old logging camp. Immediately on crossing stream turn L. up an old logging road which ascends through a clearing to an open ridge path. Just before re-entering the timber the path passes the site of an old canvas shelter, now in ruins, where drinking water will be found. Here the grade steepens and as the way is somewhat blind, care is necessary to find the spotted trail leaving the top of the clearing. Failing to find the trail, an upward course will surely locate it in the boulders some distance above. A cave formed be- tween two large rocks 3^ m. above the site of the can- vas shelter is suitable for 5 or 6 people. It is provided with blankets and there is a good spring. Passing through a growth of small spruce and keeping on the N. side of the ridge above the Little Klondike, the trail later emerges on the bare crest, winding among gi- gantic boulders, before gaining the plateau. Then i m. MT. KTAADN. 425 of easy walking reaches the cairns from the Abol Slide (see p. 423) which are followed i m. to the summit. Distances. West Branch to York's 4 m.; to Milli- nocket tote-road 5}/2 ni.; to plateau 9 m.; to Summit II m. West Branch to Hunt's 5 m.; to plateau 11 m.; to summit 13 m. From M oosehead Lake. There is an automobile road from Lily Bay on Moose- head Lake to Ripogenus Dam, 30 m., and it is expected that the new road from Greenville to Lily Bay, 12 m., will be completed by the summer of 1920. Steamers also operate between Greenville and Lily Bay. Ar- rangements may be made at Greenville or Lily Bay for auto to Ripogenus Dam . From the dam follow the tote road on the S. side of the West B*ranch. About a m . below the dam across the swift water of the river ma}'' be had the wonderful view of Ktaadn described by Winthrop. The tote road follows the R. bank of the West Branch, now in the deep forest, now along the rough beach of the river, and then, after skirting the Sourdnahunk dead water reaches the Sourdnahunk Dam. Cross on the dam and on the rocks at its N. end. A cut off runs E. from the dam to the path which leads up the W. bank of Sourdnahunk Stream to York's and Hunt's. From the Sourdnahunk Dam is an excellent view of Ktaadn. During high water there may be difficulty in crossing the dam and the boom may have to be used. Distances. Lily Bay to Kokadjo Post Office (Roach Pond) 7 m.; to Grant Farm 17 m.; to Ripogenus Dam 30 m. Ripogenus Dam to Sourdnahunk Dead- water 5 m.; to Sourdnahunk Dam 7 m. Time. Ripogenus Dam to Sourdnahunk Dam 3 hr. by auto; to York's Camp 5 hrs.; to Hunt's Camp 5 hrs. 30 min. 426 MT. KTAADN. Stac3^ille to Chimney Pond. Of the 28 m. from Stacy ville (see p. 422) to the Pond, 20 m. are passable for buckboards, though the road is so rough that walking is preferable. Follow the highway leading W. from Stacyville station, passing at i m. a group of houses at the top of a rise from which is a fine view of Ktaadn. One-hal m. beyond, after crossing the bridge over Swift Brook, the road degenerates into a tote-road. This leads in 4 m. to the site of the Hunt Farm on the East Branch of the Penobscot. A small log house (Palmer's) can accommodate a few. Up stream 2 m. is Lunkasoo, a private camp of E. B. Draper. By leaving the tote- road M ni. beyond Mud Brook in the old field and following the telephone wire to the R. direct to Lunka- soo Camp, 20 min. can be saved. At Lunkasoo Camp, cross the river by the ford and follow the tote-road over a ridge 5 m. to the site of Dacy's Dam, on the Wassataquoik. Here is an abandoned lumber camp and the tote-road and foot- trail to Ktaadn Lake divide. Dacy's Dam was washed out in 19 1 9 and it now is necessary to ascend the stream ^ m. for a suitable ford. It is 6^ m. by the foot trail (which saves ^ m.) to Cushman's Camp. Cross the ford and scramble up a steep gravel bank, to a blazed trail 200 ft. from the dam, on the top of the ridge which runs up stream. The trail soon descends the other side, and, after 2 m., crosses on a log the stream from Ktaadn Lake; 4 m. beyond is a logged and burned area, much overgrown, and containing a shallow pond, which should be skirted to the R. The }/2 m. through the low growth is somewhat blind, but the trail soon joins the tote-road which emerges at the outlet dam of Ktaadn Lake. Crossing the dam to the L., it is about 3^ m., very wet, along the S. shore of MT. KTAADN. 427 the lake to Cushman's Sporting Camp, a small village of log huts, with primitive accommodation, a beauti- ful sand beach and wonderful trout fishing. The camp is available by appointment. Address John Cushman, Sherman, Me. There is no suitable tote-road from Ktaadn Lake to the mountain, but a pack-horse may easily gO 5 m. to Sandy Stream Pond, and it is possible, though not recommended, to lead a horse accustomed to such work over the remaining 4 m. to Chimney Pond. Starting westward from Cushman's along the shore of the lake, in the woods, the trail after about i m. enters a region devastated by lumbermen and fire, through which it winds. Keep to L. at point v/here trail to Turner Mt. diverges to R. (The path up Turner Mt. is said to be poorly defined. After a short walk through the bushes the West Slide is reached, which leads to the highest peak. This point gives the most comprehensive view of the E. side of Ktaadn.) About 4 m. from Cushman's the trail reaches the shore of Sandy Stream Pond, at its outlet, which it crosses. A magnificent view of Ktaadn is here afforded. Skirting the S. side of the pond the woods are soon entered and for the remaining 4 m. to Chimney Pond the average rise is said to be 350 feet to the mile. The path is rough and winds around the N. flank of Pamola, often between large boulders and over many rocks. The Basin ponds are passed, and ^ m. before reaching Chimney Pond the trail leads through a gravelly basin known as Dry Pond. This probably holds a pond in the spring. Shortly after passing this basin, the trail to Pamola is passed on the L. and, farther on, the trail to the N. Basin is seen on the R.; ^ m. beyond this, the trail descends to the shore of Chimney Pond, from which there is a sublime view of lake, cliffs, and peaks. 428 MT. KTAADN. Distances. Stacy ville to tote-road i3^m.; to Hunt Farm 5^2 m-; to Lunkasoo Camp jYz m. (by short cut 6% m.); to site of Dacy's Dam,, 123^ m.; to Cush- man's Camp 19 m.; to Sandy Stream Pond, 24 m.; to Chimney Pond 28 m. Chimney Pond to Summits. The trail runs N. from Chimney Pond 200 yards to a ruined log camp on a watercourse, the bed of which it follows to the foot of the Basin Slide — 30 min. from Chimney Pond. The ascent of the slide takes about an hour. Reaching the table-land, an infrequently cairned trail to the L. leads in about i m. to the summit of the mountain. A similar trail to the R. leads to the N. peaks, 2 m. distant. Distances. Chimney Pond to head of slide i)^ m.; to S. summit 23^ m.; or to N. Peaks, 33^ m. Times. Chimney Pond to head of slide, i hr. 30 min.; to S. summit, 2 hrs.; or to N. Peaks 2 hrs. 30 min. Chimney Pond to Pamola. The path should be retraced toward Stacyville nearly ^ m. where a spotted trail to Pamola bears off to the R. This winds around the shoulder of the ridge and finally turns upward through the scrub and comes out on the bare ridge. It is too sparsely cairned as it leads upward over the steep boulder strewn slope. If the trail is missed in ascending, continue upward to the peak, but when descending it is important to closely follow the cairns as the scrub on the lower slopes is practically impassable outside the channel which has been cut. The I m. walk from Pamola over the Knife Edge to the main peak may be done in safety excepting in a gale. It is difficult to conceive a much finer trip than that from Chimney Pond to Pamola, over the Knife Edge to the main peak and return via the Basin Slide — 6 miles. MT. KTAADN. 429 Distances. Chimney Pond to Pamola 23^ m.; to S. Peaks 33^ m. Times. Chimney Pond to Pamola 2 hr. 15 min.; to S. Peaks 3 hr. Chimney Pond to North Basin. Retrace the Stacy ville path ^ m. to a branch to the L. which in ij^ m. reaches the North Basin. This path was continued in 19 19 to the blueberry patch at the lip of the North Basin, known as "Blueberry Knoll." This point is a few feet above the floor of the Basin and gives a fine panorama view of both basins as well as a wide sweep to the E. The South Basin and Chimney. None but experienced rock climbers should attempt the Chimney. From the camp site at Chimney Pond circle the pond to the L. and after scrambling over the huge boulders opposite the camp, descend to the sandy shore of the pond where the outlet of the brook course will be found. The path leads up the brook (dry in summer) over granite boulders and is much over- grown by trees and alder bushes. After passing the "tree line," the brook course bears to the L. and re- veals a remarkable flume or canyon beyond which Chimney Peak is seen. When the first chock stone is reached, ascend to the L. and do not attempt to climb under it. The passing of this chock stone is said to be the most difficult part of the climb, but as pre- viously stated, only experienced rock climbers should attempt it. There are many beautiful and interesting cliffs in the South Basin above the tree line without risking the Chimney climb. 430 MT. KTAADN. Caution. The upper walls of the Great Basin are nearly vertical and are lined with large rec- tangular prisms of granite standing on end with but poor attachment to the wall. There is a temp- tation to detach them and send them crashing a thousand feet or more down into the Basin, but in so doing one should remember he is disfiguring the grandest bit of scenery in the Eastern States, and may injure climbers below. Avalanches from such natural causes as frost, water, etc., frequently occur in both basins even in summer and climbers should note their possible paths and avoid them. Club Huts, Camps and Paths. The Club has sought to further interest in mountain climbing and to render extended forest rambles and sojourns feasible to all frequenters of the White Moun- tains by the construction of huts, camps, and paths. A care for the safety of persons exposed to danger from darkness or storm has led to the construction of a few refuges at bleak heights. Several thousand dollars have been expended for such ends, and a considerable sum is appropriated annually for maintenance. While endeavoring to keep in good condition paths which have been duly accepted by the Council as "Club paths," the right is reserved to discontinue any which for any reason seem no longer sufficiently called for. Recent policy looks to the establishing of trunk lines covering the whole White Mountain region, leaving to local initiative the maintenance of merely local paths. HUTS. (Located on A. M. C. reservations. In charge of Trustees of Real Estate.) Season : Open for meals and lodging, July i to Septem- ber 15; open in part, for refuge only, the rest of the year. Madison Spring Huts. Capacity 42 guests. Lo- cated between Mts. Madison and Quincy Adams; 3^ m. from Ravine House; $}/2 m. (via Osgood Ridge Path) from Glen House; 6 m. (via Gulf side Trail) from summit of Mount Washington. Carter Notch Hut. Capacity 30 guests. Located between Carter Dome and Mt. Wildcat; 9M m. from Iron Mountain House, Jackson, via Wildcat Valley and A- M. C. path trom Prospect Farm road; 4 m. from Glen House, via cut-off path and Nineteen Mile Brook. (431) 432 CLUB HUTS, CAMPS AND PATHS. Lakes of the Clouds Hut. Capacity 36 guests. Located near Upper Lake, on the U. S. F. S. Crawford Path; ij^ m. from summit of Mount Washington; 7 m. from Crawford's via Crawford Path; 3 m. from Base Station, via Ammonoosuc Ravine Trail; 73^ m. from Glen House, via Carriage Road, Tuckerman Ravine, and Mount Washington; 63^ m. from Madison Spring Huts, via Gulfside and Westside trails. From July i until September 15 the huts are in charge of caretakers who will provide simple meals at $1.00 each. (Prices subject to change.) Lodging 75 cents. Breakfast at 7, A.M., dinner at 12, M., supper at 6, P.M. Special order cooking at other hours at reasonable rates. Trampers' supplies and postal cards on sale. The Refuge Hut. A frame cabin at the S. base of the cone of Mt. Washington on the former location of the Crawford Path, is intended for emergencies only. New Hut in Pinkham Notch. Will probably be ready for occupancy in July, 1920. Capacity 36 guests. Located on the State Road in Pinkham Notch, at the clearing near Crystal Cascade, at the foot of the Tuckerman Ravine Trail. Parking space for automobiles. SUGGESTED ROUTES BETWEEN THE CLUB HUTS. Carter Notch and Madison Spring Huts. miles Nineteen Mile Brook Trail, Glen House Branch, and (i) Osgood Path, Mt. Madison Trail 10 (2) Great Gulf and Madison Gulf Trails 9)^ (3) Great Gulf, Adams Slide and Star Lake Trails 1 1 /^ (4) Great Gulf and Buttress Trails ilM CLUB HUTS, CAMPS AND PATHS. 433 MILES Carter Notch and Lakes-of-the-Clouds Huts: Nineteen Mile Brook Trail, Glen House Branch and (i) Carriage Road and Crawford Path 13M (2) Carriage Road, Raymond and Tuckerman Ravine Paths and Tuckerman Crossover 10^ (3) Carriage Road, Raymond Path, Hunting- ton Ravine and Alpine Garden Trails and Tuckerman Crossover 11 (4) Carriage Road, Raymond Path, Boott Spur Trail, Davis Path and Camel Trail ii3^ (5) Carriage -Road, Alpine Garden Trail and Tuckerm.an Crossover 123^ (6) Pinkham Notch Road, Tuckerman Ravine Path and Tuckerman Crossover 11 (7) Pinkham Notch Road, Glen Boulder Trail, Davis Path and Camel Trail 13 (8) Great Gulf and Gulf side Trails, Carriage Road and Crawford Path 13 (9) Great Gulf, Gulfside and Westside Trails and Crawford Path ^3/4 Wildcat Ridge Trail, Pinkham Notch Road and (i) Glen Boulder Trail, Davis Path and Camel Trail 9 (2) Tuckerman Ravine Path and Tuckerman Crossover 9 Lakes-of-the-Clouds and Madison Spring Huts: Crawford Path, Westside Trail and (i) Gulfside Trail 6H (2) Gulfside Trail and over Mts. Clay, Jefferson and Adams, via Mt. Clay Loop, Mt. Jefferson Loop, Israel Ridge and Lowe's Paths and Star Lake Trail (any summit may be omitted) y}/^ (3) Gulfside, Sphinx, Great Gulf, Six Hus- bands and Buttress Trails 7^ (4) Gulfside, Six Husbands and Buttress Trails 7% 434 CLUB HUTS, CAMPS AND PATHS. Crawford Path, Carriage Road, and miles (i) Gulf side Trail 7I4 (2) Gulfside Trail and over Mts. Clay, Jeffer- son and Adams as above 83^ (3) Gulfside, Great Gulf, Six Husbands and Buttress Trails 73^ Tuckerman Crossover, Alpine Garden and Six Hus- bands Trails and (i) Buttress Trail 7 (2) Adams Slide and Star Lake Trails 73^ CAMPS. The following camps are in charge of the Councillor of Improvements, They are not supplied with blan- kets or cooking utensils; there is no custodian, and no charge is made for lodging. Guests are earnestly re- quested to observe the rules posted, especially those relating to neatness, sanitation and fire prevention^ Eleva- Char- No. of Name. Location. tion. acter. persons. Camp Davis Path, near 2,950 Open 7 Resolution Stairs Col log shelter Camp Davis Path, N. of 3,850 Open 8 Isolation Mt. Isolation log shelter Imp Camp Carter-Moriah Trail near Imp Moun- Open 12 tain 3.500 log camp Mizpah Spring South of cone of 3,800 Open 10 Camp Clinton log shelter Great Gulf Great Gulf 3.250 Open 10 Camp log shelter Mt. Liberty Mt. Liberty Trail 3,800 Open 6 Camp near Franconia log shelter Ridge Trail Garfield Pond Garfield Ridge Trail 4,000 Open 6 Camp S. of Pond log shelter CLUB HUTS CAMPS AND PATHS. 435 Guyot Camp East of Col, be- 4,000 Open 6 tween Mts. Guyot log shelter and Bond PATHS. (Officially adopted and in charge of the Councillor of Improvements) North Country: miles (i) Pond of Safety Path (Ravine House to north shore of pond 4J^ Mahoosuc Country: (i) Mahoosuc Range Trail (Mt. Success to Speckled Mtn.) 12 Chatham : (i) Mt. Royce Trail (Evans Notch Trail to E. and W. Royce) * 3 (2) Baldface Circle Trail (circuit from Cold River Camp over N. and S. Baldface) 10 (3) Baldface Link (N. Baldface to U. S. F. S. Wild River Trail) 23^ 15^ Northern Peaks: (i) Air Line (Ravine House to Mt. Adams) 4 (2) Air Line Branch to Huts J^ (3) Lowe's Path (Bowman to Mt. Adams) 4 (4) King Ravine Path (Lowe's Path to Gateway) 2 3^ (5) Castle Path (Bowman Station to Mt. Jef- ferson) 4^ (6) Israel Ridge Path (Castle Path to Lowe's Path near summit of Adams) 3!/^ (7) Star Lake Trail (Huts to Adams) i (8) Adams Slide Trail (Six Husbands Trail to Adams) . i y^ 436 CLUB HUTS, CAMPS AND PATHS. MILES (9) Mt. Madison Trail (Huts to summit of Madison) y^ (10) Six Husbands Trail (Mt. Jefferson via Great Gulf, to Carriage Road) 3^^ (11) Osgood Path (Near Glen House to summit of Madison) 5 (12) Mt. Jefferson Loop (over Mt. Jefferson be- side Gulfside Trail) 5^ (13) Mt. Clay Loop (over Mt. Clay beside Gulf- side Trail) I 31M Mount Washington: (i) Tuckerman Ravine Path (State Road to sum,mit of Mt. Washington) 3^ (2) Boott Spur Trail (Hermit Lake Camp to Davis Path) 1 3^ (3) Raymond Path (Carriage Road to Tucker- man Ravine Path) 23^ (4) Huntington Ravine Trail (Raymond Path to Headwall) i (5) Glen Boulder Trail (State Road to Davis Path) _ 33^ (6) Great Gulf Trail (Dolly Copp Farm to Gulf- slde Trail) 7^ (7) Chandler Brook Trail (Great Gulf Trail to Carriage Road) i (8) [Part of] Gulfside Trail (junction with West- side Trail to Carriage Road) ^ (9) [Part of] Crawford Path (junction with Westside Trail to summit of Mt. Washington) 3^ (10) Lawn Cut-off (Davis Path to Tuckerman Ravine Path) 3^ (11) Tuckerman Crossover (Tuckerman Ravine Path to Lakes-of-therClouds) % CLUB HUTS, CAMPS AND PATHS. 437 MILES (12) Camel Trail (Davis Path to Lakes-of-the- Clouds) ^ (13) Southside Trail (Tuckerman Ravine Path to Davis Path near Westside Trail) yi (14) Alpine Garden Trail (Carriage Road to Tuckerman Ravine Path) iH J^8 Southern Peaks. (i) Webster CliflF Trail (Willey House Station to Crawford Path) 6^ (2) Mizpah Spring Cut-off (Mizpah Spring Camp to Crawford Path) M (3) Ammonoosuc Ravine Trail (Base Station to Lakes of the Clouds) 3 (4) Mt. Pleasant Loop (over Mt. Pleasant beside Crawford Path) H (5) Mt. Monroe Loop (over Mt. Monroe beside # Crawford Path) i 11% MONTALBAN RiDGE: (i) Davis Path (Near Bemis Station to Craw- ford Path near summit of Mount Washington) 143^ (2) Stairs Col Trail (Davis Path to Iron Mt. Road) 6K 20>^ Carter-Moriah Range: (i) Jackson — Carter Notch Trail 4 (2) Nineteen-Mile Brook Trail (State Road to Carter Notch) 4 (3) Glen House Branch (from (2)) \)/i (4) Carter-Moriah Trail (Carter Notch to Gor- ham) 14 438 CLUB HUTS, CAMPS AND PATHS. MILES (5) Wildcat Ridge Trail (Carter Notch to Glen Ellis Falls) 4 27>4 Saco Valley and East Branch of Pemigewasset: (i) Mt. Carrigain Path (Livermore Mills to sum- mit) 5 (2) Willey Range Trail (Willey House Station over Mts. Willey and Field to Mt. Avalon) 4}/^ 1 (3) Arethusa Falls Trail (Crawford Notch Road 1 to Falls) 1 3^ (4) Ripley Fall Trail (Willey Range Trail to Fall) H (5) Ethan Pond Trail (Willey Range Trail to North Fork Junction) 9 (6) Carrigain Notch Trail (Mt. Carrigain Path to North Fork Junction) 9 29K Franconia Mts.: (i) Twin Range Trail (Little River Valley to North Folk Junction) 11 (2) Mt. Flume Trail (The Flume to Franconia Ridge Trail) 3 (3) Mt. Liberty Trail (from Flume to Fran- conia Ridge Trail) • 3^ (4) Franconia Ridge Trail (Mt. Lafayette to Henry's Railway) 9 (5) Garfield Ridge Trail (Mt. Lafayette to South Twin) 73^ (6) Garfield Pond Trail (U. S. F. S. Mt. Gar- field Trail to Pond) % 35 i CLUB HUTS, CAMPS AND PATHS. 439 Kinsman Range: miles (i) Kinsman Ridge Trail (Lost River to Cannon Mtn.) II (2) Lonesome Lake Trail (Kinsman Ridge Trail to Lake ^ (3) Kinsman Pond Trail (Kinsman Ridge Trail to outlet of Pond) Vi 12 Monadnock: (i) Cascade Link (Pasture Trail to Pumpelly Trail) 2% Waterville and Albany: (i) American Institute Path (Waterville to Camp 6) 73^ (2) Swift River Trail (Albany Intervale to Henry's Railway. Closed W. of American Institute Path) 11 (3) Waterville Cut-off (American Institute Path to Swift River Trail) 2 (4) Champney Falls Path (Albany Road to Mt. Chocorua) 3^^ 23M Grand Total (64 paths) 250^ RESERVATIONS. The Club's ownership of real estate is primarily the result of its active interest in the preservation of forests and of "beautiful and historic sites." Its holdings, accordingly, are in trust for the public and for this reason have been exempted from taxation in Massachusetts, and for the greater part in New Hamp- shire. They have been acquired chiefly by gift of individuals or associations persuaded of the public ! spirit and careful administration of the Club. They 440 CLUB HUTS, CAMPS AND PATHS. are, for the most part, under the control of a board of five Trustees, For a detailed description, see Ap- PALACHIA, Vol. X, No. 3, and a pamphlet entitled "The Reservations of the Appalachian Mountain Club" (19 13), by Harvey N. Shepard. Massachusetts. ACRES Parsons Reservation (Mt. Grace, Warwick), 1897 40 Carlisle Pines Reservation, 1902 20 Gilson Hill Reservation (Billerica), 1909 6 Myles Standish Camp (So. Carver) not public, 1919 i New Hampshire. acres Madison Spring Reservation, 1888, with Club hut i Lead Mine Bridge Reservation (Shelburne), 1897, 1919 ^ 157 Snyder Brook Reservation (Randolph), 1895 36 Joseph Story Fay Reservation (Woodstock), 1897 150 Three-Mile Island (Lake Winnepesaukee) , not public, 1900 43 Farrar Reservation (Temple), 1901 4 South Baldface Reservation (Chatham), 1902 10 Kearsarge Reservation (Chatham), 1902 10 Rhododendron Reservation (Fitzwilliam) , 1902 300 Sky Pond Reservation (New Hampton), 19 10 100 Walter R. Davis Reservation (Jackson), 19 13 30 Cold River Camp (No. Chatham), not public, 1919 38 Maine. Cyrus Woodman Reservation (Buxton), 1906 83 Pleasant Mountain Reservation (Denmark), 1908 20 CAMP AT LAKE WINNEPESAUKEE. In 1899 Mr. and Mrs. Edson C. Eastman, of Concord, N. H., presented the Club a lot of land on Three Mile Island. The following year a Club party found the CLUB HUTS, CAMPS AND PATHS. 441 locality a desirable place for camping; money was raised, the remainder of the island purchased, and a building erected. Situated three miles from Centre Harbor, the island contains forty-three acres. The building measures 40 by 80 feet, with broad piazzas on three sides, a large living-room with a fireplace six feet in the clear, a commodious kitchen, and a few chambers. The meals are served on the piazza, and nearly all the guests are quartered in tents, sixty-two in number, located on all shores of the island. The season extends from July i to the Wednesday following Labor Day. The board is $2.50 per day or $14 per week, with an additional fee for friends. The island is equipped with wharves, a large boat- house, a launch, and a tower which affords an extensive view of the lake and surrounding mountains. The diversions are bathing, canoeing, boating, launch trips about the lake, walking parties to the near-by peaks, and automobile rides extending even to the Mt. Washington Range. The Committee in charge are R. B. Lawrence, Chairman, Allen Chamberlain, and Richard C. Smith. Details are published each season in the May or June Bulletin. RHODODENDRON COTTAGE. The Rhododendron Cottage, in Fitzwilliam, New Hampshire, contains three living rooms and six sleep- ing rooms, and is furnished for comfortable occupation except as to bed linen and towels. It is heated by wood furnace and three fire-places. There is upon the premises a famous spring of excellent drinking water. The cottage can be reached either from the Fitz- william Depot, distant 23^ m., or from the Putnam Crossing, distant 3^ m. Baggage can be checked to 442 CLUB HUTS, CAMPS AND PATHS. Fitzwilliam only. The address is Rhododendron Cot- tage, Fitzwilliam Depot, New Hampshire, R. F. D. In addition to rent, occupants pay for fuel, kerosene for the lamps, and of course for their provisions. Application should be made in writing to the Trus- , TEES OF Real Estate, Room 1048, Exchange Build- | *'ng, 53 State Stieet, Boston, from whom rental rates may be obtained. COLD RIVER CAMP, NORTH CHATHAM, N. H. Thirty-eight acres of nearly level, elevated land, two excellent springs of water, a water supply system to -the Lodge and Tower, a bathing pool, water power privilege, a considerable grove of pine and spruce, a tennis court, six well constructed bungalow-type buildings, three com.fortable cabins and a dozen tent sites, are among the physical assets of this recent ac- quisition of the Club. The purchase of the property and its presentation to the Club, was made by Mr. Theodore S. Conant, June 26, 1919, and through several substantial gifts and indefatigable efforts the Camp was opened on June 28th. The Camp is located in North Chatham, N. H., lying on the E. side of the valley road and running back across Cold River to the Maine State boundary. It is 20 m. N. of Fryeburg, Me., and about 30 m. N.E. of Conway, N. H., easily accessible by auto- mobile. The valley is delightfully secluded with seventeen mountains within reach of one-day climbs. It is also a favorable base for beginning or ending a tramp over the Mt. Washington Range. On the other hand the Camp is a comfortable place for rest and quiet. In- formal dress is the rule. CLUB HUTS, CAMPS AND PATHS. 443 . Season: June 28 to September 20. Board: (subject to change, see May or June Bulletin each year.) Base rate $16 a week, $3 a day; special accommodations up to $20 a week. Guests, additional charge of $2 a week, 50 cents a day. Owing to limited capacity all guests must he accompanied by members and introductions cannot be allowed. Ca- pacity 50. Reservations must be made in advance, although small groups of trampers will be cared for temporarily even if reservations have not been secured. For further information inquire at the Club Rooms, 1050 Trem,ont Building, Boston, The Committee in charge are Theodore S. Conant, Chairman, Miss Mabel C. Chester, Mrs. William T. Bicknell, William T. May and Frank S. Mason, Treasurer. National and State Forests. White Mountain National Forest, Everyone who tramps the mountains is interested in this National Forest. Under the Weeks Act, the United States Government contemplates purchasing upward of a million acres in the White Mountains and adjacent regions in New Hampshire and Maine. On December i, 19 19, purchases had been arranged aggregating 416,012 acres, of which 361,357 acres had been acquired. As lands are acquired they are placed under the care of the United States Forest Service, and their immedi- ate supervision is delegated to a Forest Supervisor whose ofifice is at Gorham, N. H. Any one desiring to camp, or intending t© spend much time on the Nation- al Forest, or who is considering leasing a camping site, or buying timber, or otherwise using the resources of the Forest should communicate with this officer by personal call, by mail, or telephone. A map showing the National Forest lands has been published by the Government and copies may be had upon request from the Gorham Office. These will be interesting and useful to trampers. For the information of the casual tramper a few points are given here so that he may know what the Forest Officers will expect from all who use the Forest as a recreation ground. Camping (permanent camps and cabins excepted) is permitted wherever not specifi- cally prohibited. Conforming to the laws of the State of New Hampshire the Government requires that per- mits be obtained for authority to build camp fires on the National Forest. Permits may be obtained from the Forest Supervisor or any forest ranger or guard, and application may be made personally, or by letter (444) NATIONAL AND STATE FORESTS. 445 or telephone. The present Forest Supervisor is Mr. J. J. Fritz, address Gorham, N. H. Camp fires must be made in safe and sheltered places and not in leaves, rotten wood, or against logs or stumps. Before building a fire clear a space of at least five feet radius of all inflammable material down to the mineral soil. Under no circumstances^'should a fire be left unattended. All fires must be completely extin- guished with earth or water before leaving a camp site even temporarily. Fire wood may be obtained only from dead trees. Green trees may be cut only under permit from the Forest Supervisor. All camp refuse must be buried or burned, and on breaking camp the site must be made tidy and attrac- tive for the next party that may wish to stop there. No rubbish or refuse should be thrown into any stream, spring, or pond, or into or beside any road or path. Bathing and the washing of clothes or dishes is abso- lutely prohibited in certain streams that are used for domestic water supply by neighboring towns. Hunting and fishing must be in conformity with the laws of the State in which the lands are situated. The policy of the Government is to reserve all the most desirable camp sites for the use of the general public in preference to leasing them to individuals for private monoply. There is a possibility, however, of getting special use permits for cottage sites in remote sections. It is important to remember that this is not a Nation- al Park. It is a National Forest. Parks are estab- lished primarily as recreation grounds. Forests are created primarily to protect the watersheds of the streams and to furnish lumber, and other timber prod- ucts. The Government practises forestry in the White Mountains. The character of the timber which is produced and the market demands of the re- 446 NATIONAL AND STATE FORESTS. gion are such that this can be done on a comparatively intensive scale. The timber will be cut wherever it is ripe and can be removed without detriment to the flow of the streams, or to the scenic beauties of the locality, and without impairing the permanence of the Forest. Such cutting is done conservatively and with much care as to the protection of the young trees, and as to the disposal of brush to prevent forest fires. It is also the policy of the Government in logging opera- tions to' protect trails, streams, camping places, and other spots of public interest. It is recognized by the Government that the White Mountain National Forest is of very great recreational importance, and this use will be kept in mind in all developm.ents which are m.ade, and in all plans for other uses. The boundaries of the Forest are plainly marked wherever the line crosses roads or trails. The printed notice usually faces outward from the Government land. Throughout the mountains red painted corner posts and blazes indicate National Forest boundaries or else the boundaries of various tracts which have been acquired. Crawford Notch State Forest. The northern end of Hart's Location is a State Forest under the jurisdiction of the New Hampshire Forestry Commission. It begins on the N. at the gateway of the Notch and extends S. some six miles to near Bemis Brook, about 2 m. N. of Bemis Station. E. and W. it is from i m. to 1 3^ m. wide, running well up to the height of land. Its total area is approximate- ly 6,000 acres. The regulations that apply to the National Forest relative to camping will apply in a general way to the State Forest. The State Forester, whose ofhce is at Concord, controls the property. NATIONAL AND STATE FORESTS. 447 His local agent is F. P. Allard, District Chief, North Conway. During the summer the Notch will be pa- trolled by a state ranger, who can direct tourists to convenient and safe camping sites; his headquarters camp is near the Allen Spring, on the highway near Brook Kedron. Other White Mountain Reservations. On the westerly slope of Bartlett Mountain in the town of Bartlett is a State Forest of 400 acres, named in honor of the donor, the late Dr. Daniel Merriman. long a summer resident of Intervale. In the same town the White Horse and Cathedral Ledges, 40 acres, are under the jurisdiction of the State Forest Commission. At Livermore Falls, Campton, a tract of 134 acres of valley forest is under the State Commission. Ten acres of the famous Cathedral Pines at Inter- vale are under the control of the town of Conway. The Lost River Reservation, 300 acres, in Wood- stock, is controlled by "*^^he Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests, as is also a forested road- side section, ^ m. in length, in Tamworth. A list of A. M. C. reservations appears on p. 439. Kearsarge State Forest. On the summit of Kearsarge Mountain in Merrimack County are two adjoining reservations. Both were established in 191 7, one, 800 acres in extent and lying N. of the summit, was purchased by the State Forest Commission. The other, of 521 acres to the S. of the summit, was purchased through subscribed funds and is held in public trust by the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests as a memorial to its first president, the late Qovernor Frank West Rollins. 448 NATIONAL AND STATE FORESTS. Monadnock Mountain Reservations. State Reservation on northeast slope 493 acres Jaffrey Reservation, south side, near the summit 200 acres Forests,* north and Dublin side 775 acres Total, 1,468 acres ♦Society for the Protection of N. H. Forests. New England Trail Conference. This was organized in 191 7 for the purpose of de- veloping more fully the tramping possibilities of the New England States and adjacent regions by linking together the many attractive walking sections of the region through the building of connecting trails. It is hoped that eventually a continuous through trail route will be opened from the New Jersey highlands up the Hudson River valley by way of the Interstate Park, across the Fishkill Mountains to the Taconics in Connecticut, northerly over Mt. Everett and Mt. Greylock, two state parks in Massachusetts, up along the crest of the Green Mountains of Vermont, where are several state and other public forests, across into the White Mountain National Forest in New Hamp- shire, north to Dixville Notch and the Connecticut lakes, and eastward to Rangeley and Moosehead lakes to Mt. Ktaadn in Maine. Yet other trails are designed to connect the state parks and forests that lie along the Connecticut valley in Connecticut and Massachusetts, branching off at Mt. Holyoke toward Mt. Grace, over Monadnock, Mt. Sunapee, Mt. Kearsarge, and so to connect with the White Mountains. The Conference also serves as a clearing house for information on matters of interest to the various trail building and trail using organizations. Membership of the Conference. Amherst Mountain Club, Amherst, Mass. Appalachian Mountain Club, Boston. Boy Scouts, Central Boston Council, Boston. Camp Chocorua, Tam worth, N. H. Chocorua Mountain Club, Chocorua, N. H. Connecticut State Park Commission, Hartford, Conn. (449) 450 TRAIL CONFERENCE. Dartmouth Outing Club, Hanover, N. H. Dublin Walking and Driving Club, Dublin, N. H. Field and Forest Club, Boston, Mass. Gorham Improvement Association, Gorham, N. H. Green Mountain Club and branches, Burlington, Vt. Intervale Improvement Association, Intervale, N. H. Lake Tarleton Club, Pike, N. H. Massachusetts Federation of City Planning Boards, Boston, Mass. Massachusetts Forestry Association, Boston, Mass. Metawampe ,Club (Massachusetts Agricultural College), Amherst, Mass. New England Hotel Association, Northampton, Mass. New Hampshire Hotal Association, Manchester, N. H. North Woodstock Improvement Association, Noith Woodstock, N. H. Randolph Mountain Club, Randolph, N. H. Society for Protection of New Hampshire Forests, Boston. U. S. Forest Service, Gorham, N. H. Waterville Athletic Association, Waterville, N. H. Williams Outing Club, Williamstown, Mass. Wonalancet Out- Door Club, Wonalancet, N. H. Organization. The direction of the work of the Conference is in the hands of a Committee of five of which Mr. James P. Taylor, of the Green Mountain Club, is chairman, and Mr. Charles W. Blood, of the Waterville A. & 1. As- sociation, 60 State Street, Boston, is Secretary. The co-operation of kindred organizations is invited. I NDEX. PAGE Abbreviations IV, VIII Abenaki, Lake 31 Abenaki, Mt 32 Abol Slide Trail 422 Abol Stream 423 Abram, Mt 62 Acteon Ridge 330 Adams, Mt. See Section V. Adams Slide Trail 182 Air Line 120 Israel Ridge Path 134 Lowe's Path 122 Star Lake Trail 145 Adams, John Quincy, Mt (note) 146 Adams, Sam, Mt 148 Adams Slide Trail 182 Agassiz Basin 317 Agassiz, Mt 301 Air Line 120 Albany — Sawyer Pond Trail 258 Albany Intervale. See Sections XI and XVIII. From Lincoln 312 From Waterville 336 From Wonalancet 356 Algonquin Trail 330 Allen's Ledge 364 Alpine Cascades 3 Alpine Garden Trail 168 American Institute of Instruction Path 256, 336 Ames Mountain 87 Ammonoosuc Ravine Trail 196 Amphibrach, The 127 Anderson, Mt 273 Arethusa Fall 277 Artist Bluff 301 Artist's View 284 ' Attitash, Mt 250 Attitash, Mt., Big 249 Attitat^h, Mt., Little 250 Avalanche Camp 332, 337 Avalon, Mt 284 Aziscoos (Aziscohos) Dam 37 Aziscoos, Lake 38 Aziscoos, Mt 33 Baker Path (Humphrey's Ledge) 262 Bald Mountain 301 Bald Mountain (Mt. Chocorua) 342 Bald Cap Peak 53 Bald Knob 330 Baldface Circle Trail 82 Baldface Link 76, 84 Baldface Range 82 Bartlett and Albany Lumber R. R 257 Bartlett and Conway 238-263 Bartlett Haystack (Mt. Silver Spring) 255 Bartlett, Mt 239, 242 Bartlett Path 242 (4SI) 452 INDEX. PAGE Bartlett to Davis Path 211 Basin (Franconia) 300 Basin and Rim, No. Chatham 90 Basin Slide 421 Bear Mountain (Bartlett) 258 Bear Mountain (Gilead) 59 Bear Mountain (Green Mountain) 68 Bear Mountain jN otch Path 257 Bear River Whitecap (Saddleback) Mountain 69 Beaver Brook Cascades 379 Beaver Brook TraU 378 Beckytown 337 Bee Line Path (C. M. C.) 346. 352 Beecher Cascade 284 Beechwood Way 118, 129 Belknap, Mt 397 From Spring Haven 397 From Lake Shore Park 398 From Glendale 399 From Gilford 399 Bemis, Mt 274 Bemis Station 234 Bennett Street Trail (Sandwich Mt.) 373 Benton Path 380 Benton Range 387 Bethel, Me., Paths from 60 Berlin, Paths from 3 Bickford Path 351 Big Attitash Mt 249 Big Diamond Pond 40 Big Pasture 90 Big Rock Cave, Paths via 351 Bigelow Lawn 169, 210 Birch Path, Jackson 225 Black Mountain (Benton Range) 387 Black Mountain (Berlin, N. H.) 3 Black Mountain (Jackson, N. H.) 214 Black Mountain, see Sandwich Mountain 329, 339, 373 Black Mountain Observatory (Davis Memorial) 214 Black Cap Mountain 75, 243 Black Crescent Mountain 4 Black Snout Mountain 397 ' Blue Brook Trail 78 i Blue, Mt 3781 Blue Mountain Forest (Corbin Park) '^O^.J Blueberry Ledge 84 a Blueberry Ledge Trail 366 Blueberry Mountain (Benton Range) 388 .^ Blueberry Mountain (North Chatham) 88 j Bog Dam 13 1 Bog Pond 316 ^ Bois (Boy) Mountain 15 Bolles Trail, or Lost Trail 349 Bond, CUffs of (note) 289 Bond, Mt 289 Boott Spur 169, 210 Boott Spur Trail 169 Boeder Mountains 41-73 . Bourne Monument 157- INDEX. 453 PAGE Bowback Mountain 28 Bowl, The 368 Boy (Bois) Mountain 15 Boy Scout TraU 105 Brackett, Camp 287 Brick House Trail 368 Brook Path 345, 348 Brookside, The 129 Brown Farm 38 Bruin Rock 119, 130 Bryce Path 251 Bugle CU£f 200 Bull Brook Trail 104 Bumpus Basin 113 Bunnell Notch 19 Burnt Knoll 297 Buttress Trail 183 Cabin Trail 355 Cabin-Cascades Trail 142 Cabot. Mt 19 Calabo, Mt 61 Camel Trail 172 Camel's Rump (Mt. Carmel) 35 Camps (A. M. C), List of 431, 434 Camp Avalanche 332, 337 Brackett 287 Cascade 135, 140, 141 Cold River 74 D. O. C 400 Esty (See Shag) 354 Garfield Pond 294 Great Bear (D. O. C.) 381 Great Gulf (A. M. C.) 174. 178 Guyot (A. M. C.) .289 Heermance " 371 Hermit Lake (A. M. C.) 161, 164 Imp (A. M. C.) 94 Idlewild 34 Isolation (A. M. C.) .209 Liberty (A. M. C.) 304, 311 Log Cabin 123, 141 Lookoff 284 Mizpah Spring (A. M. C.) 191, 203 Passaconaway Lodge (A. M. C.) 363 Penacook 341, 350 Perch, The 116, 136, 141 Resolution (A. M. C ) 207 Shag 354 Shehadi 371 Six 313, 337 Sweetwater 266 Upweekis 341, 350 Camp 19, Upper Ammonusuc 13 Campbell Mountain 59 Cannon Balls, The 386 Cannon Mountain (Profile Moiintain) 298, 386 Cardigan, Mt 402 Carriage Road 403 454 INDEX. PAGE Clark Path 403 Holt Path 404 Caribou, Mt 61 Carlo, Mt 46, 58 Carlton Notch Path 10 Carmel, Mt. (Camel's Rump) 35 Carriage Road (Mt. Keansarge) .- 405 Carriage Road (Mt. Moosilauke) 382 Carriage Road (Mt. Washington) 158 Carriage Road, Old (Mt. Cardigan) 403 Carrigatn Region, Mt 264-280 Carrigain, Mt 269-271 Carrigain Notch Trail 271 Carrigain Outlook 353, 354, 355 Carrigain Pond 277 Carter, Mt 94 Carter Dome 95, 97, 234 Carter Notch 97, 234 Path from Jackson 103 Nineteen-Mile Brook Path 102 From North Chatham 76 Carter Notch Hut 97 Carter-Moriah Range 92-106 From Wild River Trail 105 Carter-Moriah Trail 93 Cascade Brook (Cannon Mountain) 300 Cascade Camp 135, 140, 141 Cascade Link 416 Castellated Ridge 132 Castle Path 132 Castle Ravine Path 137 Castle Ravine, Pleasure Paths in 139 Castle View Rock 5 •Cathedral Ledge 251 Cathedral Woods 241 Cave Mountain (Bartlett) 211, 262 Cave Mountain (Dixville Mountains) 32 Champney Falls Trail 347 Chandler, Benjamin, death of on Mount Washington 158 Chandler Brook Trail 184 Chandler Gorge, Fall and Flumes 90 Chandler, Mt 82 Chandler Ridge 158 Charles, Omar, Trail 85 Chase Trail 343 Chatham, from Jackson :221 Cherry Mountain 17 Chesley Pasture (Black Mt.) 219 Chimney Peak 419 Chimney Pond 422 Chimney Pond to Summits 428 Chimney Pond to Pamola 428 Chimney Pond to N. Basin 429 Chocorua, Mt 340-350 Piper Trail 341 Hammond Path 342 Weetamoo Branch 343 Chase and Skull-Cairn Trails 343 Liberty Path 343 INDEX. 455 PAGE Brook Path 345 Bee Line Path (C. M. C.) 346 Champney Falls or Pray Trail 320 Wonalancet to Paugus Mill 348 Camp Upweekis 350 Camp Penacook 350 Christine Lake 24 CiUey, Mt 322 Clark Path : 403 Clay, Mt 107, 152, 153 Cliffs of Bond (note) 289 CUnton, Mt 191, 204 Coal Kiln Trail 282 Cold Brook Trail 123, 132 Cold River Camp 74, 442 College Farm 38 Connecticut Lakes 34, 35 Cook Path to Ice Gulch 6 Coolidge Mountains 311 Coosauk Fall 112 Corbin Park (Blue Mountain Forest) 402 Cornice, The 116, 133, 150 Cow Pasture (Mount Washington) 159 Crawford, Abel, visits Southern Peaks in 1818 188 Cuts Crawford Path, 1819.. 188 Crawford Dome 206 Crawford. Mt 206 Crawford Notch State Forest 446 Crawford (Bridle) Path 188-194 Crescent Mountain 4 Crystal Cascade 161 Crystal Mountains 37 Crotched Mountain 409 Croydon, Mt 402 Cube Mountain 401 Curtis, W. B., death of 193 Cypress Brook Trail 104 Dartmouth College Farm 38 Dartmouth College Grant 38 Dartmouth Outing Club Camps, List of 400 Dartmouth Range 287 Davis Observatorv and Reservation 214 Davis, Mt ' 208 Davia,Path 205, 230 Davis Path, from Bartlett, U. S. F. S. Trail 211 Dead Diamond River 36 Deception, Mt 287 Devil's Hopyard 22 Devil's Horseshoe 67 Devil's SUde 23 Diamond Farm 40 Diamond Peaks, The 39 Diamond Pond 37 Diamond Pond ,Big 40 Diana's Baths 244 Path from, to Middle Moat and Red Ridge 247 Dicey's Mill Path 360 Dicey's MiU to Walden Path 362 456 INDEX. PAGE Dingmaul Rock 150 Dixville Flume 29 Dixville Mountains 28 Dixville Notch 29 Dixville Peak 30 Dixville Profile 29 DoUoff Bluff 253 Doublehead, Mt 220 Downes Brook, or Slide Trail 360 Downlook, The 208 Dream Lake 53, 55 Dryad Fall 54 Dublin Path 413 Duck Fall 120 Duck's Head 227 Dustan, Mt 38 Eagle Cliflf, Lakes and Pass 292 Eagle Crag 84 Eagle Mountain 237 East Branch Lumber R. R 221 Eastman, Mt 82 Echo Bank 129 Echo Lake 302 Echo Lake Schoolhouse, Path from 248 Echo. Mt 281 Edmands Col 116, 139, 149 Edmands' Mt. Pleasant Path 197 Elephant Head 200 Emerald Bluff 136 Emerald Pool (No. Chatham) 89 Emerald Tongue (Israel Ridge) 107 Ethan Pond (Willey Pond) 265 Ethan Pond Trail 264-266 Evans Notch 78, 80 Eyrie, The 9 "Fan," The 166 Fern Cliff Farm to Fernald's 236 Fernald's to Fern Cliff Farm 236 Fay, Joseph Story, Reservation 324 Field, Mt 285 Fire Caution IX, 445 "Fire Escape," The 367 Flat Mountain 371 Flat Mountain Ponds '. .371 Flume, Dixville 29 Flume, The (Franconia) 303 Flume House Site, Paths from 302-306 Flume Mountain 303, 311 "Fool-Killer," The 375 Fogg Hill 14 Footbridge Path 244 Forest Ranger Station, Wild River 78 Forest Service Trail to Mt. Garfield 297 Forests, National and State 444 Forist, Mt 2 Fourth (Connecticut) Lake 35 Franconia Region, The 290-307 Franconia Ridge Trail 304, 309 INDEX. 457 PAGE Franconia Spring 87 Frankenstein Cliff 280 Frankenstein Trestle; 278 Franklin, Mt 192 Named in 1820 188 Fuller (Piscataquog) Mountain 409 Fulling Mill Mountain 41, 47 Fulling MUl Notch 41 Garfield, Mt 294, 295-298 Garfield Pond (Haystack Lake) and A. M. C. Camp 294 Garfield Pond Trail 294, 298 Garfield Ridge Trail 294, 295 Gateway of King Ravine 122, 125 Gentian Pond 54, 55 Georgianna Falls (Harvard FaU) 316 Giant Falls , . 55 Giant's Stairs 207, 230 Route from Jackson to Stairs Col 231 Glen Station to Stairs Col 234 Via Davis Path 205 Gibbs FaUs 191 Gilead (Me.), Paths from 59 Gilead (Me.) , from North Chatham 78 Glen Boulder 171 Glen Boulder TraU 170 Glen ElUs Falls 213 Glen House Branch Path 103 Glen House Bridle Path 159 Glen Station to Stairs Col 234 Glencliff Path 381 Gloriette, Lake 29 Gloriette, Mt 29 Goodrich Falls 214 Goose Eye (Goose High), Mt 43, 47, 64, 65 Gordon Fall 90 Gordon Pond 385 Gorham (N. H.), Paths from 50 Grafton Notch, Paths from 67 Grandview, Mt ; . . .323 Gray Knob 124 Great Bear Camp (D. O. C ) 381 Great FaUs 374 Great Gulf 173-187 Great Gulf Camp 174, 178 Great Gulf Trail 175 Greeley Ponds 314, 336 Green HUls, The 243 Green Ledge 23 Green Mountain (Bear Movmtain) 58 Greenough Spring 151 Gulf of Slides 172 Gulf Tank 174 Gulfside Trail . 146-153 Gunstock Mountain 397 Guyot, Camp (A. M. C.) .289 Guyot, Mt 289 Hale Path 372 458 INDEX. PAGE Half-Way House (Mt. Chocoma) 344 Half -Way House Trail (Mt. Monadnock) 412 Half-Way House (Mt. Washington) 159 Hall's Ledge 235 Hammond Path 342 Hancock Branch to Waterville 314 Hancock, Mt 276, (note) 313 Hanging CUffs (Boott Spur) 162, 170 Harrington Pond , 385 Hart's Ledge 263 Harvard Fall (Georgianna Fall) 316 Hastings, from Gilead, Me 60, 80, 104 Hastings, from North Chatham 79 Hawthorne Fall, Trail, via to Mt. Garfield 296 Hayes Farm Path (Iron Mt.) 226 Hayes, Mt 50 Haj'^stack Lake (see Garfield Pond) . Haystack Mountain (Mt. Garfield) 295 Hedgehog, Mt. (Albany) 364 Hedgehog, Mt. (Wonalancet Range) 358 Heermance, Camp 371 HeUgate Camp 36, 37 Hermit Lake Camp 161, 164 Hibbard, Mt 358 Hight, Mt • 96 Hitchcock Fall 113 Hitchcock Flume 284 Hittie, Mt 69 Hogsback, Mt. (Benton Range) 388 Holt Path 404 Hope, Mt 206 Howker Ridge Path 112 Howks, The 113 Humphrey's Ledge 250, 252 Hunter's Hollow 282 Hunter's Pass 8 Hunter's Trail 7 Huntingdon Cascades 29 Huntmgton Ravine Path 165 Hunt's Trail 424 Hurricane Mountain 75, 243 Hurricane Mt. Road 75 Hut — ^Air Line Branch .- 145 Huts (A. M. C), List of 431 ' Huts (A. M. C), suggested routes between 432 Ice Cave (Dixville Notch) 30 Ice Gulch (Randolph), Paths to 5 Idlewild, Camp 34 Imp Camp 94 Imp Mountain 94 Imp Mt. Logging Camo 94 Imp Profile (note) 95 Indian Stream Republic 34 Ingalls, Mt 44 Intermezzo, The 119, 121 Intervale Path 241 Inverness Path 81 Iron Mines 228 INDEX. 459 PAGE Iron Bluff 227 Iron Mountain 226 Route via Hayes' Farm 226 Route via Duck's Head (Iron Bluff) 227 Route from Jericho via Iron Mines 227 Walk around 230 Walks on and about 229 Iron Mt., Cliffs 229 Isolation, Camp (A. M. C.) 209 Isolation, Mt 209 Israel, Mt 339 Israel Rapids 132 Israel Ridge Path 134 Jackson — Carter Notch Path 103 Jackson, from Chatham via Mountain Pond 75 Jackson, from North Chatham via Perkins' Notch 77 Jackson Falls 213 Jackson, Mt 199-203 Named 188 Path from Crawford House 200 Webster Cliff Trail to 203 Jackson and Vicinity 213-237 Jacob's Ladder 157 Jail, The 67 Jake's Notch 57 Jefferson, Mt. See Section V. Castle Path 132 Mt. Jefferson Loop 150 Six Husbands' Trail 179 Jefferson, Mt., Loop 150 Jennings Peak 330 Jim, Mt 378 Jink's Hill Road 228 Jobildunk Ravine 378, 379 Joe Smith Place 322 John Quincy Adams, Mt (note) 146 Joseph Story Fay Reservation 324 Jumping-Off Place 186 Kancamagus, Mt 334 Katahdin Mt. (see Ktaadn). Kearsarge, Mt., History of the name 238, 404 Kearsarge, Mt. (Southern) 404 Kearsarge (Pequawket) , Mt 238 Kearsarge Village Path 240 Intervale Path 241 Bartlett Path ,. 242 South Chatham Path 81 Kearsarge Village Path 240 Kearsarge State Forest 447 Kelley Path 355 Ketchum (Me.), Paths from 63 Key Map V Kezar Lake, from North Chatham 81 Kilkenny Mountains (see Pilot Range). Kilkenny Railroad 19 King Ravine Path 124 Kinsman, Mt 382,' 385 460 INDEX. PAGE Kinsman Flume 383 Kinsman Pond ; 386 Kinsman Pond Trail 301, 386 Kinsman Ridge Trail 384 Knife Edge (Mt. Ktaadn) 419, 422 Knife Edge (King Ravine) 121 Knight's Castle 131 Knoll, The (Black Mountain) 218 Ktaadn, Mt 419-430 Lafayette, Mt 291, 293, 307 Lakes-of-the-Clouds Hut 193, 194 Langdon, Mt 259 Lary Brook Mountain 60 Lawn Cut-off Path 162 Lawrence Path 353 Lead Mine Bridge Reservation 58 Ledge Path (Randolph) 9 Lethe, Mt 95 Liberty Camp (A. M. C.) 304, 311 Liberty, Mt 304, 311 Liberty Path (Mt. Chocorua) 343 Lightning Mountain 27 Lincoln, Mt 306 Lmk, The 139 Lion Head 161 Literature of White Mts X Little Bear Mountain. 59 Little Dead Diamond Stream 37 Little Diamond Pond 37 Little Deer HiU 89 Little Haystack Mountain 305 Little Mt. Deception Path 287 Little River Mountains 288 Little Tunnel Ravine 380 Little's Path 379 Livermore Trail (A. M. C.) 256, 336 Livermore, Mt 394 Locke Falls Cottage Path 351 Locke Mountain : 60 Log Cabin 123, 141 Lonesome Lake 299, 300 Lonesome Lake Clearing (note) 300 Lonesome Lake Trail 300, 386 Long Mountain 26 Long Pasture (Black Mountain) , 217 Lookoff , Camp 284 Lookout Ledge (Randolph) 9 Loon Pond Mountain 318 Lost River 317, 447 Lost in the woods VIII Lost Trail (BoUes Trail) 349 Louisville Reservoir 257 Low Trail 374 Lowe's Bald Spot 159 Lowe's Path 122 Lowell, Mt 273 Lyndeboro Mountain 409 INDEX. 461 PAGE Mad River Falls 85, 91 Madison, Mt. (named) 108 Madison, Mt. See Section V. Howker Ridge Path 112 Mt. Madison Path 144 Osgood Path 110 Valley Way 117 Watson Path 119 Madison Gulf TraU 184 Madison Huts 119, 143 Huts— Mt. Madison Path 144 Huts — ^Air Line Branch 145 Huts — to the Parapet 145 MagaUoway, Mt 35 Mahoosuc Arm 48 Mahoosuc Mountain 66 Mahoosuc Notch 41, 45, 47, 65 Mahoosuc Range , 41 Mahoosuc Range Trail 46 Maple Tree 414 Maps, List of IV, IX Marian FaU 130 Mast Road 356 Marlborough Trail 416 McCriUis Path .368 Mead Brook Trail 414 Meader, Mt 84 Mexico, Mt 348, 358 Mexico (Mt.) Farm Path 351 Middle Connecticut River Mountains 400-402 Piermont Mountain 401 Cube Mountain 401 Smart's Mountain 401 Mt. Croydon 401 Moose Mountain 402 Middle Mountain (North Conway) 243 Middle Mountain (Shelburne) 53 Middle Carter Mountain 95 Middle Moat Mountain 247 Middle Moriah Mountain .1 .■ . .- 52 Miller Park 410 Mirror Lake, Chatham 81 Mizpah Spring Camp and Cut-off 191, 203, 204 Moat Mountain 244 Footbridge Path 244 North Moat 245 Ridge Path 246 South Moat 246 Middle Moat and Red Ridge 247 West Moat 249 Monadnock, Mt 412-417 Half-Way House Trail 412 Dublin Path 413 Pumpelly Trail 413 Red Cross (Mead Brook) Trail 414 White Dot Trail' 415 Marlborough Trail , 416 Cascade Link 416 Snow-Shoe Route , 417 462 INDEX. PAGE Monadnock Mt. Reservations 413, 414, 448 Monroe, Mt 192 Named in 1820 188 Loop 192 MONTALBAN RiDGE 205-212 Montalban Ridge from Jackson 230 Monticello Lawn 150 Moon Falls 35 Moose Cave 67 Moose Mountain 402 Moosehead Lake to Mt. Ktaadn 425 MOOSILATTKE AND KiNSMAN 378-388 Moosilauke, Mt 378-382 Beaver Brook Trail 378 Benton Path 380 Glencliff Path (Warren Summit Path) 381 Carriage Road 382 North Woodstock, from 318 Moran Lake (see Lonesome Lake). Morgan Mt 394 Moriah, Mt 52 Moriah Brook Trail 105 Moss Glen Path 31 Mossy Fall 125 Mossy Slide (Madison Gulf) 186 Mossy Slide (North Chatham) 89 Mother Walker Falls 67 Mount Washington Outlook 353, 355 Mountains. See individual names. Mountain Pond (Chatham, N. H.) 75, 221 Nancy Cascades 275 Nancy, Mt 273, 274 Nancy Pond 273. 274, 275, 276 National Forest 444 Nelson Crag 167 New England Trail Conference 449 Nineteen-Mile Brook Path 102 Norcross Pond 273, 274 North Baldcap Mountain 43 North Carter Mountain 95 North Chatham from Carter Notch 106 North Chatham from Gilead, Me 60, 80 North Chatham Region 74-91 North Lovell, from North Chatham 80 North Country 1-40 North Fork Junction 264 Via Carrigain Notch Trail 272 Via Ethan Pond Trail .266 From North Woodstock 311 Via Twin Range Trail 290 Northern Peaks 107-155 North Twin Mountain ?. .289 North Woodstock 308-324 North Woodstock to Waterville via Thornton Gore 315, 335 Notch 2 (Mahoosuc Mountain) 66 Nubble, The 288 Nutcracker, The 149 INDEX. 463 PAGE Oak Ridge 211 Oakes Gulf 192, 209 Old Bridle Path to Mt. Lafayette 293 Old Jackson Road (Mount Washington) 159 Old King (Dixville Notch) 30 Old Link 141 Old Man of the Mountain 298 Old Mast Road 356 Old Piper Trail 342 Old Speck (Speckled) Mountain 49, 72 Oliverian Brook Trail 356 Omar, Charles Trail 85 Ormsbee, Allan, death of 193 Oacar, Mt 283 Osceola, Mt 326 Osgood Path 110 Osseo Peak 310 Ossipee, Mt 395 Outlying Mountains 389-417 Overhang, The 353 Owl Cliff 255 Owl'a Head 17 Pack Monadnock Mountain 409 Pamola Peak 419 Paradise Fall 317 Parker Ledge 321, 212 Parker, Mt , 259 Parmachene Trail 35 Passaconaway Lodge 363 Passaconaway Loop 362 Passaconaway, Mt 359 Downes Brook or Slide Path 360 Dicey's Mill Path 360 Walden Path 361 Dicey's Mill to Walden Path 362 Passaconaway Lodge 363 From Albany Intervale 363 Pasture Path (Randolph) 9 Paths (A. M. C), List of ..435 Paths, Building XI Paugus Mill 349 Paugus Mill from Wonalancet 348 Paugus, Mt 350 Paths via Big Rock Cave 351 Bickford Path 351 Bee Line Path (C. M. C.) 352 Paugus Mill Path 351 Lawrence Path. 353 Camp Shag 354 Paugus Pass 354 Peabody Spring 148 Peak House (Mt. Chocorua) 344 Peaked Hills 18 Peaked Mountain 239 Pearl Cascade 284 Peboamauk Cascade 6 Pemigewasset, Mt 302 Pemigewasset Wilderness 312, 335 464 INDEX. PAGE Pennacook, Camp 341, 350 Pequawket (Kearsarge) , Mt 238 Kearsarge Village Path 240 Intervale Path 241 Bartlett Path 242 South Chatham Path 81 Perch, The 116, 136, 141 Percival, Mt 392 Percy Peaks 23 Percy Pond 22 Percy Summer Club 24 Perkins Notch 77, 105 Pickering, Mt.. . 260 Piermont Mountain 401 Pilot, Mt 22 Pilot Range ' 18 "Pinnacle," The 166 Pine Mountain 153 Piper Trail 341 Piscataquog Mountain r 409 Pitman Arch Path 252 Pleasant, Mt., N. H 192 Named in 1820 188 Edmand's Mt. Pleasant Path 197 Loop 192 Pleasant, Mt., Maine 73 Pleasure Paths in Castle Ravine 139 Pliny Major (see Mt. Waumbek). Pliny Range 16 Pond of Safety, Paths to 8 Pool, The 302 Potash, Mt 365 Pray Trail (Champney Falls Trail) 347 ProfUe, DixviUe 29 Profile House, Paths from 291-294, 298, 307 . Profile Mountain (Cannon Mountain) 298 Prospect Farm 235 Prospect Farm to Mt. Wildcat 101 Prospect, Mt 393 Prospect Ledge 240 Pulpit Rock (Carter Dome) 97 Pulpit Rock (Dixville Notch) 31 PumpeUy Trail 413 Puzzle Mountain 68 Quarta Cascade 128 Railroad, Mount Washington 156 Randolph to W. Milan Road 11 Randolph Mountain (see Crescent Mountain). Randolph Path 114 Ranger Station, Wild River 78 Rattlesnake Flume 91 Rattlesnake Mountain (North Conway) 239 Rattlesnake Mountain, East and West (Squam Range) 391 Ravine Path (Mt. Osceola) 327 Ravine of Raymond Cataract 166 Raymond Path 164 Red Cross Trail 414 INDEX. 465 PAGE Red HiU 389 Red Pond 192 Red Ridge (Moat Mountain) 247 Red Trail 369 Refuge Hut 195 Reservations (A. M. C.)i List of 439 Resolution, Camp (A. M. C.) 207 Resolution, Mt 207, 212 Revelation (Silver Spring) , Mt 255 Rhododendron Cottage 441 Ridge Path, Black Mt 219 Ridge Path (Moat Mountain) 246 Ridge Path (Mt. Paugus) 354 Ripley Fall 279 Rollins Summit Path 368 RoUo Falls 123 Roof Rock 138 R08EBBOOK, WiLLEY AND DARTMOUTH RANGES 281-287 Rosebrook, Mt 283 Round Mountain 20 Royce House Branch Trail 82 Royce Mountain .- 85 Russell Crag 321 Russell Mountain 321 Russell Pond Paths 320, 321 Russell Pond and Thorton Gore 321 Sabba Day Falls 376 Sable. Mt 82 Sachem Peak 330 Saddleback Mountain (Bear River Whitecap) : 69 Salmacis Pool and Fall 129 Salroc Falls 118 Sam Adams, Mt 148 San Juan Hill 282 Sandwich Dome (see Sandwich Mountain). Sandwich Mountain 329, 373 Trail from Bennett St 373 Low Trail 374 Trail from Waterville .330 Algonquin Trail 330 Trail via Acteon Ridge 330 Sandwich Range, The 339-377 Sandwich Range Traverse 376 Sandwich — Tarn worth Country, from Waterville 334 Sanguinari, Mt , 31 Sargent Mountain 68 "Sawdust, Mount" 12 Sawyer Pond (Bartlett) 258 Sawyer's Pond (Aziscoos Lake) 38 Sawyer's Rock 263 Scar Ridge 327 Screw Auger Falls 67 Second Lake, Paths from 34 Secunda Cascade 128 Shaw, Mt. (Ossipee Mountains) 397 Shaw, Mt. (Conway) 239 Shehadi, Camp 371 Shelburne (N. H.), Paths from 62 466 INDEX. PAGE Shelburne Post Road 79 Shelburne — Moriah, Mt 52 Shining Water 186 Shoal Pond 266 Short Line, The 126 Siding, The.. 313 Signal Ridge 270 Silver Spring, Mt 255 Six Husbands Trail 179 Skull Cairn Trail 343 Skunk Hollow 215 Sleeper Trail 332 Slide Mountain 68 Slide (Downes Brook) Trail 360 Smart's Mountain 401 Smith, Joe, Place 322 Snow Arch (Mount Washington) 163 Solitude, Lake 407, 408 Southam Path 81 South Baldf ace Reservation 74 South Carter Mountain 95 South Chatham Path (Mt. Kearsarge) 81 South Peak Ledge 408 South Twin Mountain ;. . 289 SotTTHERN Peaks 188-204 Spaulding Lake 173, 177 Spaulding Spring 116 Speck Pond 48, 67 Speckled Mountain (Old Speck) 49, 72 Speckled Mountain 87 Sphinx, The 187 Sphinx Trail 187 Split CUff 327 Spruce Mountain 236 Spruce Brook Trail 104 Spur Path 130 Squam Range 389 Square Ledge 363 Squirrel Bridge 366 Stacyville to Chimney Pond 426 Stag Hollow from Pond of Safety 11 Stairs Mountain, see also Giant's Stairs 207, 230 Stairs Col 231 To points of interest 233 From Glen Station 234 Stanton, Mt 261 Star Lake Trail 145 Starr King, Mt 16 State Forest (Crawford Notch) 446 Stickney, Mt -. 282 Stillings Path 108 Stone Face (Profile Mountain) 298 Storm Lake ' 149 Stratford Peaks (see Percy Peaks). Success, Mt 44, 56 Success Pond Road 43, 55 Sugar Loaf (Benton Range).. 388 Sugar Loaves (Twin Mountain Range) 288 Sugarloaf Mountain (Stratford, N. H.) 27 INDEX. 467 PAGE Summit House (Mount Washington) 157 Sunapee, Mt 407 Sunday River Whitecap Mountain 68 Surprise, Mt 93 Surprise, Point 241 Sweetwater, Camp 266 Swett Mountain 230 Swift Diamond River 37 Swift River Trail 255, 312 Switch, The 270, 337 Sylvan Cascade 186 Table Movmtain .258 Table Rock (Dixville Notch) 29 Tama Fall 118 Tamarack Pond (Lonesome Lake) 299 Tate Mountain 396 Tecumseh, Mt 32S Terrace Mountain 21 Tertia Cascade 128 Third CUff, Dixville 30 Third Lake 35 Thompson Bridle Path 169 Thompson's Falls 248 Thoreau FaUs 265 Thorn Mountain 223 Route via Thorn Hill Road 224 via Thorn Mountain Park 224 Thorn Mountain Park to Thorn Hill Road 225 Thornton Gap 328, 335 Thornton Gore, Trail to Mt. Osceola.. 327 Thousand Streams, Fall of a 163 Three Mile Island Camp 440 Tin Mines 226 Tin Mountain 226 Tin Mountain Col 226 Tip-o-the-Tongue 136 Tip Top House (Moimt Washington) 157 Tom, Mt , . . .281 Town Line Brook — Triple Falls Path Ill Trail Conference 449 Trails (A. M. C.) List of 435 Trails, BuUding XI Tremont, Mt 253 Tripyramid, Mt 331, 374 From Waterville 331 From Albany Intervale via East Slide 375 Tuckerman Crossover 163 Tuckerman Fall (see Arethusa FaU) . Tuckerman Ra%dne Path 161 Tumble-Down-Dick Mountain 59 Tunkamall Camp 36 Turner Mt 427 Twin Mountain Range 288-2SN0 Twin Rivers Path 199 Twins, The (Conway) 239 Upper Bruin Path . 118 Upweekis, Camp 341, 350 468 INDEX. PAGE "V," The 332 Valley Way 117 Vestibule, The 6 Vose Spur 269 Walden Path 361 Warren Summit Path 381 Washington Bowlder 225 Washington, Mount 156-172 The Railroad 1 56 Summit House 157 Carriage Road 158 Old Jackson Road 159 Paths to 160-172, 179, 186, 188 Washington Outlook 353, 355 Waterville Cut-off 256, 338 Waterville Valley, The 325-338 Waterville to outside points 334-338 Watson Path 119 Waumbek, Mt 16 Webster, Mt 199-202 Named 188 Path from Crawford House 200 Webster Cliff Trail 201 Weetamoo Branch 343 Weetamoo Falls 180 Weetamoo Glen and Rock 343 Weetamoo, Mt 339 Welch Mountain 329 Well, The 116 West Milan Road from Randolph 11 West Moat Mountain 249 Westside Trail 160 Whaleback, Mt. (see Osseo Peak). White Dot Trail , 415 White Ledge (Mt. Sunapee) 408 White's Ledge (Mt. Stanton) 261 White Horse Ledge 251 Whiteface, Mt 332, 365 Blueberry Ledge Trail 366 Wiggin Trail 367 Rollins Summit Trail 368 McCrilUs Path 368 Brick House Trail 368 Red Tran 369 From Albany Intervale 370 Woodbury Trail 371 Camp Shehadi 371 Camp Heermance 371 Wiggin Trail 367 Wild Duck Pond 272 Wild River Forest 60, 76, 78, 104 Paths from 104 Wild River Ranger Station 78 Wild River TraU 60, 76, 104 Wild River from North Chatham 76, 78 Wildcat Col 100 Wildcat Mountain 98, 234 Aecent from Carter Notch QS INDEX. 469 PAGE Wildcat Ridge Trail 99 Ascent from Prospect Farm 101 Fern Cliff Farm to Fernald's Cottage 235 Wilderness Trips (North Country) 33 "Wild Kittens," The 100 Willard Basin 21 Willard, Mt 283 Willard Notch 21 WiUey, Mt 286 Willey Pond (Ethan's Pond) 265 WiUey Range Trail 285-287 Wilson's Mills 37 Winniweta Falls 214 Wizard Birch 241 Wonalancet Farm to Big Rock Cave 351 Wonalancet, Mt 358 Wonalancet Outlook 366 Wonalancet Range 358 Woodbury Trail 333, 371 York Pond 14, 21 Zealand FaUs 267 Zealand Notch 267 Zealand Pond 268 Zealand Valley Path 283 Memoranda. MEMORANDA. MEMORANDA. MEMORANDA. MEMORANDA.