% 
 
 ■Ik 
 
 
NO, OF SAMPLE. 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE 
 
 FERRY BUILDING, 
 
 MINING BUREAU, 
 
 [All samples (except one) taken direct from pump by Field Assistant, State Mining Bureau : No. 61 furnished by owners of well. 1 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO. 
 
 LEWIS E. AUBURY, State Mineralogist. 
 
 CHEMICAL ANALYSES OP CALIFORNIA PETROLEUM. 
 
 By H. N. COOPER, Chemist. 
 
 [Data and Samples Collected t>y MARION AUBURY, E ield Assistant.] 
 
 DISTILLATION. 
 
 NAME OF COMPANY. 
 
 COUNTY. SECTION. 
 
 i 
 
 SHIPPING 
 
 Ration. 
 
 NUMBER OR NAME 
 OF WELL. 
 
 FORMATION. 
 
 DEPTH 
 
 OF 
 
 WELL. 
 
 Watsonville Oil Co. _ Santa 
 
 ■Santa 
 
 ; Western Union Oil Co_ Santa Barbara 
 
 ! Pinal Oil Co-- 
 
 ' Union Oil Co. of California 
 
 Sea Cliff Oil Co. - 
 
 |- 
 
 5 Potomac Oil Co. - -. 
 
 6 Union Oil Co. of California 
 
 7 Union Oil Co. of California 
 
 8 Union Oil Co. of California 
 
 9 Union Oil Co. of California 
 
 Clara. . .1 3 miles IN. W. of j Sargents] SargenLRanch^- - . _^^315jCb'' ttenden ' j Sargents 
 - 1 _ 
 
 _ 900 j u jireaga _ Los Angeles- 
 
 _ 700 Gi ciosa 
 
 .... 1250 If.. 
 
 Santa Barbara 
 Santa Barbara 
 Santa Barbara 
 
 Santa Barbara 
 
 Ventura- 
 
 Ventura .. 
 
 Ventura. 
 
 Ventura- 
 
 10 mi. S.lE. of San 
 23 & 24 9 N. 
 
 Rancho La Puri 
 
 ta Maria Carreaga . 
 34 W. 
 
 Rancho 
 
 Rancho 
 
 Rancho 
 
 12 
 
 Lompoc . _ 
 
 Summerland. 
 
 Summerland_ 
 
 Adams Canon-- 
 
 ion_I Adams Canon . . 
 
 ion_Salt Marsh Canon_ 
 
 20 W. Bardsdale Cafion- 
 
 _Santa_Maria_ 
 
 _ Los Angeles .. 
 
 Sea level .. \ __ Santa Barbara 
 
 Nos. 1 and 3 . 
 Hill No. 1 ... 
 
 Feet. 
 
 ...I Sand_| 1187 
 
 . J Sand and Shale. 1610 
 
 ...j Sand and Shale. 2776 
 
 ... Sand.. 1600 
 
 ... Sand_ 2500 
 
 ... Sand_ 190 
 
 DAILY 
 
 YIELD. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 200 
 
 TIME OPERATED. 
 
 Barrels. ] 
 
 4000 Since Dec. 15, 1903 
 
 THICKNESS 
 
 OF 
 
 OIL SAND. 
 
 PIPE-LINE, IF ANY. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 620 
 
 90 
 
 Ex-Mission_ 
 
 Ex-Miss 
 Ex-Miss 
 3 N. 
 
 Santa Paula 
 Santa Paula. 
 Salita Paula. 
 V datura . 
 
 Los Angeles .. 
 Los Angeles .. 
 Los Angeles .. 
 Los Angeles .. 
 Los Angeles .. 
 
 125 112,500 ' 2 \ years_ 
 
 250 Slill Sinking | bince Mar. 4, 1UU4 . 
 
 350 
 
 miles. 
 
 40 miles.to landing | 
 
 10 miles In <V 
 
 I Since Dec. 1902___ No line . 
 
 10 Burrows & Sons . 
 
 11 Burrows & Sons --- - 
 
 12 Westlake-Rommell Oil Co-- 
 
 13 Los Angeles Pacific Railway Co- Ventura 
 
 14 Whidden Double.. .I Ventura 
 
 15 Los Angeles Pacific Railway Co-... 
 
 16 Union Oil Co. of California ._ 
 
 17 Sulphur Mountain Petroleum Co- 
 
 18 Buekhorn Oil and Transportation Co. 
 
 19 Union Oil Co. of California- 
 
 Ventura_11 mi. N 
 
 I Ventura_11 mi. N. 
 
 Ventura_17 & 18 
 
 W. of San ta Paula Whider Canon ..... 1010 
 
 W.ofSan ta Paula Whider Canon __ 1300 
 
 4 N. 21 W. Sespe Pete Mining.. 1350 
 
 16 4 N. 21 W. Santa Paula- 1375 
 
 NWI12: 4 N. 22 W. Ojai_ 1450 
 
 20 W. Timber Cafion_ 2500 
 
 19 W. Little Sespe Cafion.. 1000 
 
 ta Paula Sulphur Mountain.. 2500 
 
 19 W. Buekhorn_ 1100 
 
 _ Torrey Cafion_ 1650 
 
 18 4 N. 
 
 6 4 N. 
 
 15 mi. N. W.ofSan 
 13 4 N. 
 
 20 Modelo Oil Co. 
 
 21 I. W. Shirley_ 
 
 22 Proudfit & Parker 
 
 23 Davis & Harrison. 
 
 Ventura_ 
 
 Los Angeles . 
 Los Angeles . 
 Los Angeles. 
 
 Vdfitura _Santa Paula . 
 
 Sa'jita Paula. Santa Paula ... 
 Sa ita Paula. Los Angeles ... 
 
 Santa Paula. 
 St nta Paula. 
 
 Ssjhta Paula . 
 Vintura 
 
 Bi.ckhorn . 
 
 Vet ara 4 Sun la Puulu 
 
 4 N. 18 W. 
 
 Davis & Harrison_ Los Angeles 
 
 Los Angeles_ 
 
 Santa Paula_ 
 
 Los Angeles .. 
 Los Angeles .. 
 Fullerton .... 
 
 Buekhorn_ 
 
 Los Angeles .. 
 
 No. 4 Daniel’s lease. 
 
 No. 27_ 
 
 Green Oil Tunnel 
 
 No. 11_ 
 
 Robinson No. 2. 
 
 No. 6_ 
 
 Garrett Tunnel_ 
 
 Old No. 6_ 
 
 Capital Crude No. 20 
 No. 4_ 
 
 Timber Canon No. 3. 
 
 No. 7_ 
 
 No. 1_ 
 
 No. 15_ 
 
 No. 52_ 
 
 Sand_ 
 
 Sand _.. 
 
 Sand and Shale. 
 
 Sand_ 
 
 Ked and While Sand. 
 
 Sand. 
 
 Sand. 
 
 Sand and Shale. 
 Sand and Shale. 
 Sand. 
 
 Sand_ 
 
 Sand_ 
 
 Sand_ 
 
 Sand and Shale. 
 Sand and Shale. 
 
 7000 
 
 1800 
 
 2000 
 
 2000 
 
 .j Since Feb. 5, 1903. . 
 
 4-J years _ 
 
 Since Sept. 9, 1891. 
 
 15 years_ 
 
 Since May 14, 1897 
 11 years .. 
 
 Since Mar. 11, 1903 
 
 18 years_ 
 
 35 years _ 
 
 Since Sept. 1902 ... 
 Since Aug. 1900 ... 
 
 2200 
 
 p-.i 
 
 u.. 
 
 Piru _____ - j 2350 
 
 Middle Field__| L<!s Angeles . 
 
 East End Field_ 200 Lds Angeles . 
 
 26 
 
 M. Manley & Co._ Los Angeles. 
 
 West Lake Oil Co.. Los Angeles. 
 
 f LUlfT-' l -*--Cf' 
 
 I Park Crude Oil Co....Los Angeles. 
 
 ! E. A. Clampitt__ Los Angeles- 
 
 30 Consolidated Crude Oil Co._ Los Angeles 
 
 31 Whittier-Fillmore Oil Co_ . Los Angeles_S.E.^22 
 
 32 Union Oil Co. ___ Los Angeles_ Sansi 
 
 35 Puente Oil Co... . .. Los Angeles- 
 
 Home Oil Co.__ Los Angeles. 
 
 2 S. 11 W. 
 
 nena Ranch-- 
 
 2 S. 11 W. Puente . 
 2 S. 11 W. J Whittier 
 
 East End Field. 
 East End Field. 
 
 East End Field.. 
 West Lake_ 
 
 Middle Field ... 
 Middle Field. . 
 
 1 East End_ 
 
 Whittier_ 
 
 Lis Angeles . 
 Los Angeles. 
 
 Piru_ 
 
 Los Angeles_ 
 
 Los Angeles_ 
 
 Los Angeles_ 
 
 Los Angeles ... 
 
 No. 22_ 
 
 No. 12_ 
 
 No. 2.. 
 
 No. 10 _ 
 
 Solano Well . 
 
 4500 i 18 months_ 
 
 _ 5 years _ 
 
 300 Since Apr. 27, 1903 
 
 _3 years.. 
 
 .. 3 years... 
 
 500 
 90, 200 
 600 
 
 400 to 500 
 240 
 
 300 
 
 20 
 
 160 
 
 80,100,105 
 
 100, 200 
 
 500 feet .. 
 10 miles.. 
 
 10 miles .. 
 30 miles.. 
 
 27 miles . 
 27 miles. 
 
 7 miles .. 
 24 miles. 
 
 .9416 
 j .9337 
 
 I 
 
 .8882 
 .9574 
 .9665 
 
 below 15° 
 below 15° 
 
 P 
 
 below 15° 
 21 ° 
 
 above 70° 
 
 | above 70° 
 below 15° 
 68 ° 
 below 15° 
 below 15° 
 
 16° C. (about 60° F.). 85° C. (185° F.). 
 
 27.28 
 
 38.40 
 
 Percentage. 
 
 Gravity of Preceding Fractions at 15° C. (about 60° F.). 
 
 3.27 
 
 65.00 
 
 65.00 
 
 .8900 
 
 .9759 
 
 below 15° 
 29° 
 
 below 15° 
 56° 
 
 7 miles__ 15 
 
 30 miles?__ 16 
 
 No line_ 
 
 2^ miles_ 
 
 ! 30 miles’_ 
 
 Los Angeles Los Angeles _ 
 
 Los Angeles . Los Angeles_ 
 
 Saunders_i Sand. 
 
 No. 7_’ Sand. 
 
 Los Angeles . Los Angeles_No. 13- 
 
 Los Angeles . Los Angeles _ Clampitt No. 1_Sand. 
 
 . Sand_ 1060 
 
 ... 1080 
 
 1200 
 
 900 
 
 Los Angeles . Los Angeles_No. 21- Sand- 800 
 
 j Whittier_Whittier_No. 1..— Sand__ 2300 
 
 ... Los Angeles_I No. 5__Sand.... 1500 
 
 Chino_ Los Angeles_No. 66...j Sand- 1425 
 
 Whittier_Whittier_I. .. Sand.... _j 1713 
 
 15 ..Since July, 1902. 
 
 10 _j 7 years_ 
 
 20 . 1 1 year_ 
 
 10 8000 5 years... 
 
 4 6000 5 years_ 
 
 3 20,000 9 years _ 
 
 to 3 15,000 | 4 years_ 
 
 *5 5000 | 3 years_ 
 
 50 10,000 2 years ... 
 
 4 _6 years_ 
 
 65 _ 15 months . 
 
 .|_| 5 years_ 
 
 25 I _ 1 year_ 
 
 40 5000 3 months . 
 
 4 miles J.. 
 30 miles].. 
 No line J.. 
 No line 
 
 No line 
 
 
 20 
 
 28.4 
 
 .8838 
 
 
 21 
 
 16.5 
 
 .9559 
 
 
 22 
 
 14.3 
 
 .9699 
 
 
 23 
 
 13.2 
 
 .9774 
 
 
 24 
 
 17.9 
 
 .9467 
 
 2.23 
 
 65D0 
 
 below 15° 
 above 70° 
 above 70° 
 above 70^ 
 above 70° 
 
 Union pipe-line ... 25 
 
 No line !__ 26 
 
 - M... II 
 
 1 No line |. 
 60 feet tojU 
 
 2 S. 
 
 11 W. Whittier. 
 
 Central Oil Co. of Los Angeles_ Los Angeles_ 2 
 
 (See 34)__|.--!---- 
 
 Salt Lake Oil Co_ .Los Angeles.____ West End Field_ 
 
 La Brea Rancho Oil and Asphalt Co.Los Angeles .. J West End Field_ 
 
 __ Los Angeles I ____ j Elsmere Cafion_ 
 
 _I_1__L_!_I_ 
 
 450 Los Nietos .. Los Angeles__ Sand. 
 
 1856 
 
 105 
 
 28,342 9 months . 
 
 1636 
 
 Jnion line. 
 
 ,o 60 No line ]__ 
 
 i 150 No line i- 
 
 200 Line to San Pedro . 
 ,o 15 18 miles to Chino.. 
 
 _miles to Whittier 
 
 _ I _ 
 
 220 44 miles- 
 
 12.0 
 
 13.8 
 
 .9860 above 7 
 
 1800 
 
 2.28 
 
 65.00 
 
 61.59 
 
 65.00 
 
 540 
 
 U- • - 
 
 .9706 
 
 .9736 
 
 above 70° 
 above 70° 
 
 65.00 
 
 .83 10,393 
 
 2.08 10,369 I 
 
 tm 10,825 | 
 
 1.56 10,543 ! 
 
 4.43 10,258 ! 
 
 .44 10,348 
 
 10,647 
 
 10,604 
 
 9,112 
 
 9,384 
 
 9,889 
 
 9,310 
 
 9,332 
 
 8,892 
 
 
 d 
 
 
 3 
 
 H 
 
 | -< 
 
 0 
 
 H 
 
 
 d 
 
 none 
 
 2.0 
 
 [1 none 
 
 .9 
 
 j 
 
 --none 
 
 
 none 
 
 8.2 ! 
 
 7.0 
 
 1.3 
 
 .7 
 
 0.0 
 
 j trace 
 
 0.0 
 
 none 
 
 4.0 
 
 trace 
 
 0.0 
 
 none • 
 
 1.4 
 
 none 
 
 8.9 
 
 25.0 
 
 .7774 
 
 .7596 
 
 .8745 
 
 .8538 
 
 7.4 
 
 10.0 
 
 .8574 
 
 .8613 
 
 .8840 
 
 .8788 
 
 .9085 
 
 .8992 
 
 .9347 
 
 .7250 .7736 
 
 .6986 
 
 9,776 
 
 9,293 
 
 .7601 
 
 in .4 _ .7798 
 
 .8 .7228 .7724 
 
 .1 ..__ 
 
 1.8 .7002 .7639 
 
 2.4 .7057 .7623 
 
 2.0 I .7345 .7725 
 
 .1 _ 
 
 2.9 .7044 .7674 
 
 .7999 
 
 .8129 
 
 .8202 
 
 .8102 
 
 .8466 
 
 .8460 
 
 .8613 
 
 .8510 
 
 .8830 
 
 .8787 
 
 .8901 
 
 .8820 
 
 .8624 
 
 .8570 
 
 .8870 
 
 .7119 
 
 .7722 I .8126 
 
 10,091 
 
 l, 9,0U» ) . 
 
 .8568 
 
 .8920 
 .9014 
 
 .9154 
 .8925 
 
 .8875 _ 15 
 
 .8769 ... 16 
 
 .9302 _ . 17 
 
 .9156 .9307 18 
 
 .8740 .8672 19 
 
 .9066 .8644 20 
 
 .9021 .9053 21 
 
 .9087 .8957 22 
 
 .9078 .9139 23 
 
 .9099 .9094 24 
 
 18.6 20.1 
 
 10,346 j 
 9,920 | 
 
 10,073 
 9,377 | 
 
 Santa Ana Oil Co. 
 
 200 ' Los Angeles . Los Angeles_ No. 4...Sand...— 1284 
 
 200 Los Angeles _| Los Angeles_No. 14..— ’ Sand- 410 
 
 1500 Newhall_Santa Ana_j Santa Ana No. 2-Sand- 1000 
 
 40 _j Since Feb. 8, 1892. 
 
 6 ..I 1 month_ 
 
 40 i_2 years_ 
 
 50 Pearl Oil Co___ Los Angeles... 
 
 55 Santa Ana Oil Co.___ . Los Angeles_ 
 
 56 Western Union Oil Co._..___ 
 
 57 Pacific Coast Oil Co.... Los Angeles.. _ 
 
 58 Pacific Coast Oil Co.____ Los Angeles... 
 
 13 
 
 4 S. 16 W. 
 
 San Fernando_ 1500 
 
 Elsmere Cafion_ 1300 
 
 Pico Cafion_ 1900 
 
 I Elsmere Cafion_ 1400 
 
 : Newhall_ Los Angeles_Pearl No. 2_Gravelly Sand. 
 
 Newhall_Santa Ana_Santa No. 2. 
 
 _ Carreaga ..... 
 
 Ventura_Newhall.. No. 4- 
 
 Newhall_Newhall_ No. 2- 
 
 Pacific Coast Oil Co._ Los Angeles... 16 3 N. 16 W. Wiley Cafion_ 1700 
 
 Columbia Oil and Producing Co. ...__ Orange__j.. Fullerton.. 
 
 Santa Fe--- Orange.. 8 | 3 S. 19 W. Fullerton.. 535 
 
 33 Santa Fe_ ___ Orange . 
 
 34 Brea Cafion Oil Co._____Orange . 
 
 46 Home Oil Co. ___I Fresno . 
 
 47 California Oilfields Limited.... Fresno 
 
 48 California Oilfields Limited. Fresno . 
 
 41 R. C. Baker ... ... Fresno . 
 
 51 Associated Oil Co.... Kern . 
 
 52 King Refining Co. _ Kern . 
 
 53 Alameda < Ml Co. Kern 
 
 54 Western Minerals Co. .... _ _ Kern . 
 
 42 Southern Pacific Oil Co.. _ _ Kern .. 
 
 43 Associated Oil Co.___ Kern.. 
 
 60 Induna Oil Co._ Kern.. 
 
 3 S. 
 
 9 W. 
 
 Fullerton. 
 Fullerton. 
 
 
 I F a sample of ore containing gold and silver is sent to an assayer 
 he will doubtless report practically the same results as would 
 another assayer who had used an entirely different method of 
 assaying. The same is true of two chemists determining the 
 quantity of sulphur in pyrites, etc. But in organic analysis two 
 different methods may vary as much as 10 per cent, from which it 
 Is obvious that data on oil given without the methods by which or 
 the apparatus in which they have been obtained are almost useless, 
 and can not be duplicated or proved correct by another chemist. 
 For this reason it is considered proper to give the following descrip¬ 
 tion of the methods by which the data in the above table were 
 determined. 
 
 The Specific Gravity.—Two pvenometers were used, one hold¬ 
 ing 25 c.c. and the other 1)4 c.c.; the larger one for the light oils, 
 and the smaller for the heavy oils. Both were calibrated with pure 
 distilled water and the water content calculated to 4*. A heavy oil 
 may be introduced into either pycnometer by first filling a small 
 beaker and allowing a very small drop to fall into the pycnometer. 
 This drop will carry with it a thread of oil, which may be increased 
 to a stream, and thus the pycnometer can be filled without getting 
 any air bubbles mixed with the oil. If the oil once touches the side 
 of the neck it is an interminable job to fill the instrument; it would 
 be better to clean out with gasoline and start over again. If the 
 oil is too thick to pour as above, then use the little pycnometer, 
 
 I 15 E. Coalinga_j 1300 
 
 15 E. | Coalinga ...j 1250 
 
 15 E. [Coalinga ... 1150 
 
 20 W. I Coalinga. 
 
 28 E. * Kern River Field 
 
 28 E. Kern River Field — 
 
 I 24 W. j Sunset... 
 
 23 W. | Sunset_ 
 
 I 22 E. | McKittrick .. 
 
 22 E. McKittrick_ 
 
 21 E. Temblor_ 
 
 which is nothing more than a little bottle with a wide neck and a 
 glass stopper carefully ground in. The little bottle is put next to 
 the lip of the beaker containing the sample and the oil allowed to 
 drain in. If the draining takes place slowly, no air will get mixed 
 with the oil. Then the stopper is slowly squeezed in, until by turn¬ 
 ing it, it grates on the ground glasB of the bottle. The excess oil iB 
 wiped off with a rag, without undue handling of the bottle with the 
 fingers. After weighing, the temperature is taken with an accurate 
 thermometer, and a correction of .0006 in specific gravity made for 
 heavy oils and .0007 for light oils for each degree centigrade varia¬ 
 tion from 15°,—15° being taken as normal. 
 
 Example: The little pycnometer full of sample No. 31 weighs 
 6.6195 at 18.5*. 
 
 6.6195 wt. of pycnometer and oil. 
 
 4.8413 wt. of pycnometer. 
 
 1.7782 wt. of oil in pycnometer. 
 
 1.7782 (wt. of oil) -5- 1.8431 (wt. of water) = .9648. 
 
 .9648 + (3K X .0006) = .9669 sp. g. of No. 31 at 15*. 
 
 This seems a long process, but it is quickly carried out. I made 
 sixteen specific gravity determinations in four hours, or an average 
 of one in fifteen minuteB. An error in the specific gravity causes a 
 corresponding error in the distillation and also in the calorific value 
 per c.c., and too much care can not be taken in its determination. 
 
 Ventura 
 Olinda.. 
 Olinda _. 
 Olinda.. 
 Olinda.. 
 
 j Ora 
 
 Newhall_ 
 
 Newhall_ 
 
 Olinda_ 
 
 Olinda_ 
 
 Coalinga . 
 
 No. 6_ 
 
 No. 39_ 
 
 No. 12_ 
 
 Gravelly Sand. 
 
 Sand and Shale, j 
 Sand and Shale. 
 
 662 
 
 1000 
 
 1400 
 
 1000 
 
 18 _ 1 year.. 
 
 40 I_2 years . 
 
 10 years. 
 
 35 
 
 60 to 120 
 
 Sand and Shale 
 
 Sand_ 
 
 Sand_ 
 
 Sand and Shale. 
 Sand and Shale _ 
 
 Ora_ Coalinga- 
 
 I Ora_ Coalinga ...... 
 
 .. Coalinga- 
 
 950 | 
 
 City -- 
 
 Blue Goose No. 3 ... Sand and Shale. 
 
 No. 2_ Sand_ 
 
 No. 11_ j Sand..— 
 
 ... Sand. . 
 
 Bakersfield . 
 
 Omar No. 4 ... 
 
 .. Sand.. 
 
 Sunset_ 
 
 Sunset- 
 
 McKittrick 
 McKittrick.. 
 Olig- 
 
 Bakersfield ... 
 
 Pioneer City .. 
 San Francisco .. 
 McKittrick .. 
 McKittrick .. 
 McKittrick .. 
 
 No. 1.... 
 
 No. 1... 
 
 No. 5_ 
 
 Shamrock No. 3 ... 
 Induna.. 
 
 25 _Since Feb. 1903_ 
 
 100 206,744 Since Mar. 4, 1902. . 
 
 90 4473 Since May 23, 1903. 
 
 100 300,000 Since Jan. 18,1902. 
 
 j i 
 
 125 I_7 years___ 
 
 200 _ 20 days..| 
 
 200 _Since Aug. 4, 1903. 
 
 75_ ,2000 1 Kincp. -AuiuLL .13Q/L--- 
 
 _Since July 23,1903 
 
 1648 
 
 950 
 
 3000 
 
 365,000 
 
 6 months .. 
 13 months . 
 
 2 years_ 
 
 3 years_ 
 
 2 years_ 
 
 24 milet to Newhall 
 
 45 mile. 
 
 14 mile; 
 
 50 mih 
 Union line 
 No lint 
 Olinda 
 
 8 miles to Ora - 46 
 
 8 miles to Ora... 
 
 74 mile _to Ora- 
 
 ... 41 
 
 4 mile ^ Oil City.. 51 
 
 15.7 
 
 .8530 
 
 .9150 
 
 .8680 
 
 17° 
 
 below 15° 
 below 15° 
 above 70° 
 above 70° 
 
 354° 
 above 70° 
 below 15° 
 below 15° 
 above 70° 
 
 below 15° 
 below 15° 
 44° 
 below 15° 
 below 15° 
 
 below 15° 
 below 15° 
 below 15° 
 
 .9756 -a bove . 70° 
 .9609 above 70° 
 
 .93 10,409 10,064 
 
 .36 10,699 
 
 9,389 
 
 To take the gravity of heavy oils by the hydrometer is as long as 
 this, and, moreover, very inaccurate. On first consideration it 
 might seem that the specific gravity taken in a little bottle as small 
 as 1.5 c.c. would he inaccurate, but I compared this with the 25 c.c. 
 pycnometer and obtained results agreeing to .0001 in specific 
 gravity, or practically identical. 
 
 The Viscocity.—There are many viscometers, but none of them 
 are ideal. Nevertheless, I could not invent one that would answer 
 all requirements and expect the public to use it. It takes time to 
 introduce a new idea or instrument. The Redwood viscometer 
 seems to me to be the best now on the market, for the following 
 reasons: It is the English standard: the tip is made of agate, and 
 so will not wear out; the tip is surrounded by heavy brass, thus 
 keeping the oil in the tip at approximately the same temperature 
 as the oil in the cup. 
 
 In the above, data the viscosity has been taken at two temper¬ 
 atures : at 15° C. (about 60° F.) and at 85* C. (185° F.). It was taken 
 at 15° C. because this iH generally taken as “ordinary temper¬ 
 ature ”; and at 85° C. because it is impossible to heat the contents 
 of the Redwood viscometer up to 100° C. (212* F.) with boiling 
 water, so some lower temperature must be chosen. It is easy to 
 heat the instrument up to 85° C. (185° F.); and moreover, a pipe¬ 
 line may be heated to 85* C., but with great difficulty higher than 
 this, Since our main object in finding the viscocity is to ascertain 
 
 whether the oil can be piped without too great cost for pumping, 
 the last consideration is important. To see whether it is practical 
 to pass the oil through pipes, 85° C. has been chosen. 
 
 It is customary to give the results in the number of seconds that 
 it takes 50 c.c. to run through the instrument. To compare this 
 with water (which runs through in 25 seconds) the results must be 
 divided by 25. Through the instrument which I used, water ran 
 in 27)4 seconds. Therefore, I give two sets of results; one set con¬ 
 sists of the number of seconds it took the oil to run through the 
 instrument which I used; the other set, the same number of seconds 
 divided by 27)... The data of the last set approximately tell how 
 many more times viscous the oil is than water at 15* C. (about 
 60° F.). Just before the test is made, the level of the oil is made 
 even with the tip. 
 
 The Flash Point.—Nothing can be more inaccurate than the 
 open tester, since it may be manipulated at will to give results 
 varying by 10*. The most accurate of the open testers is liable to 
 great variations in its results from drafts of air. The Abel closed 
 tester gives results which may be duplicated within 1° or 2*. It is 
 the English standard, and with the Pensky attachment it is the 
 German standard. It seems to be perfect in every respect for its 
 purpose, i. e. for determining the flash from 60° F. to 160“ F. (Why 
 not adopt it as the standard for California?) If the instructions for 
 opening the slide are carefully followed, the Pensky clockwork for 
 
 - U- ..... 52 
 
 No line!_ 53 
 
 No lint:_ 54 
 
 3 of a inile.. 42 
 
 1 mi. to McKittrick 43 
 60 
 
 opening the slide is not necessary; it was invented to do away 
 entirely with any tampering with results. In making the above 
 determinations of flash point the directions given in Redwood’s 
 Manual were followed exactly. Since the flash was taken with 
 reference to safet y in transportation, the test was not made on those 
 samples flashing below 15° C. (60° F.) and above 70° C. (168° F). 
 The United States seems to be in a transition stage between the 
 metric system and the senseless ancestral English system of weights 
 and measures, and for this reason I have mixed the two systems. 
 
 I see no other way out of the problem than to put the degrees 
 Fahrenheit in parenthesis. 
 
 Calorific Value.—All the determinations were made with the 
 Atwater bomb. The thermometer used was a Beckman, graduated 
 in one one-hundredths, whose accuracy I tested. The basis was 
 the average between Berthelot’s calorific values for cane sugar and 
 naphthalene. I carefully determined the value of these two sub¬ 
 stances. The naphthalene used was made by De Hiien, Germany; 
 its boiling point was between 79 and 80°, and it was melted before 
 using. The sugar was three times crystallized cane sugar, whose 
 composition by organic combustion agreed with the theoretical by 
 0.03 on the H and 0.05 on the ( ; in other words, perfectly pure 
 sugar. Before using, it was dried ui 50° in the oven. My average 
 of several results on sugar and naphthalene had to be increased by 
 1.08 per cent to make it the same as Berthelot's average for sugar 
 
 65.00 186 
 
 2.83 
 
 97.83 
 
 4.75 
 
 .79 10,505 9,606 
 
 69 10,267 10,139 
 
 .49 10,461 9,911 
 
 .72 10,368 10,044 
 
 65.00 
 
 134 
 
 11,141 
 
 10,389 
 
 10,441 
 
 10,777 
 
 10,581 
 
 10,598 
 
 10,629 
 
 10,739 
 
 10,340 
 
 10,395 
 
 9,322 
 
 10,042 
 
 9,813 
 
 9,200 
 
 9,678 
 
 44.6 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 4.6 
 
 7.7 
 
 16.1 
 
 9.7 
 
 16.2 
 
 1.1 
 
 
 _ .8642 
 
 .8951 
 
 .9032 
 
 .9177 
 
 30 
 
 2.3 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 9.1 
 
 19.5 
 
 37.6 
 
 3.8 
 
 26.5 
 
 1.2 
 
 
 ... .8546 
 
 .8968 
 
 .9180 
 
 .9119 
 
 31 
 
 .2 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 5.2 
 
 11.6 
 
 t 25.1 
 
 28.5 
 
 
 28.4 
 
 1.0 
 
 
 ..8197 .8648 
 
 .8915 
 
 .8910 
 
 
 32 
 
 none 
 
 8.0 
 
 15.4 
 
 9.0 
 
 10.1 
 
 14.0 
 
 23.1 
 
 5.7 
 
 13.1 
 
 1.6 
 
 .7265 
 
 .7720 .8155 .8413 
 
 .8648 
 
 .8862 
 
 .8837 
 
 35 
 
 1 none 
 
 0.0 
 
 4.2 
 
 9.6 
 
 14.0 
 
 14.7 
 
 23.0 
 
 16.8 
 
 15.7 
 
 2.0 
 
 . 
 
 .7756 .8313 .8672 
 
 .8991 
 
 .9210 
 
 .9166 
 
 36 
 
 none 
 
 0.0 
 
 6.9 
 
 8.8 
 
 12.0 
 
 11.9 
 
 33.2 
 
 6.2 
 
 20.6 
 
 .4 
 
 
 .7760 .8363 .8557 
 
 .8848 
 
 .8996 
 
 .8796 
 
 37 
 
 none 
 
 8.2 
 
 10.7 
 
 10.6 
 
 7.2 
 
 17.1 
 
 20.6 
 
 5.8 
 
 20.0 
 
 gain .2 
 
 .7469 
 
 .7814 .8295 .8634 
 
 .8928 
 
 .9050 
 
 .8963 
 
 38 
 
 none 
 
 2.9 
 
 7.9 
 
 7.4 
 
 7.8 
 
 17.0 
 
 18.2 
 
 11.5 
 
 26.8 
 
 .5 
 
 .7247 
 
 .7650 .8175 .8804 
 
 .8903 
 
 .9051 
 
 .8905 
 
 44 
 
 5.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 3.7 
 
 f 24.1 
 
 20.9 
 
 
 44.2 
 
 2.1 
 
 
 .8648 
 
 .8882 
 
 9240 
 
 
 45 
 
 4.2 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 12.8 
 
 16.8 
 
 37.0 
 
 6.7 
 
 22.6 
 
 gain -1 
 
 
 __ .8611 
 
 .8973 
 
 .9198 
 
 .8933 
 
 49 
 
 none 
 
 0.0 
 
 1.2 
 
 8.0 
 
 11.2 
 
 t 21.0 
 
 24.0 
 
 10.8 
 
 22.7 
 
 1.1 
 
 
 .7790 .8170 .8618 
 
 .8989 
 
 .9246 
 
 .9087 
 
 50 
 
 3.5 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 11.5 
 
 12.2 
 
 36.5 
 
 6.8 
 
 28.3 
 
 1.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 none 
 
 0.0 
 
 12.0 
 
 10.4 
 
 8.3 
 
 t 24.5 
 
 22.6 
 
 4.8 
 
 17.9 
 
 gain -5 
 
 
 .7481 .8225 .8600 
 
 .8886 
 
 .9169 
 
 .9133 
 
 56 
 
 none 
 
 10.5 
 
 20.4 
 
 13.8 
 
 13.0 
 
 11.1 
 
 16.9 
 
 6.8 
 
 6.8 
 
 .7 
 
 .7472 
 
 .7659 .8040 .8359 
 
 .8606 
 
 .8870 
 
 .8720 
 
 57 
 
 6.1 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 11.5 
 
 122.7 
 
 32.1 
 
 2.5 
 
 22.6 
 
 2.5 
 
 
 
 .8970 
 
 .9091 
 
 .8913 
 
 58 
 
 none 
 
 2.9 
 
 17.4 
 
 10.3 
 
 10.3 
 
 13.5 
 
 20.8 
 
 9.5 
 
 10.9 
 
 4.4 
 
 .7297 
 
 .7751 .8127 .8409 
 
 .8662 
 
 .8852 
 
 .8929 
 
 59 
 
 none 
 
 1.9 
 
 6.2 
 
 9.2 
 
 8.1 
 
 17.3 
 
 27.4 
 
 3.8 
 
 25.8 
 
 .3 
 
 .7004 
 
 .7627 .8204 .8622 
 
 .8876 
 
 .9015 
 
 .8977 
 
 39 
 
 1.3 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 11.2 
 
 10.5 
 
 15.5 
 
 28.3 
 
 9.9 
 
 23.1 
 
 .2 
 
 
 _ .8113 .8551 
 
 .8850 
 
 .8857 
 
 .9001 
 
 40 
 
 none 
 
 12.9 
 
 15.3 
 
 11.5 
 
 11.1 
 
 9.6 
 
 19.5 
 
 6.5 
 
 11.0 
 
 2.6 
 
 .7239 
 
 .7645 .8044 .8401 
 
 .8713 
 
 .8955 
 
 .8984 
 
 33 
 
 none 
 
 4.2 
 
 13.9 
 
 8.9 
 
 9.7 
 
 18.3 
 
 24.2 
 
 6.0 
 
 13.3 
 
 2.5 
 
 .7252 
 
 .7701 .8172 .8597 
 
 .8937 
 
 .8955 
 
 .9062 
 
 34 
 
 10,364 10,173 j 
 
 and naphthalene, and all my results on petroleum are increased by 
 the factor 1.0108, which is evidently the correction factor of the 
 bomb calorimeter plus my personal equation. My results are 
 certainly within 0 5 per cent of the absolute, and on repetition, the 
 duplicates agree within 0.3 per cent. 
 
 Samples Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 17, 19, 25, 29, 38, 40, 41, 
 42, 43, 46, and 48 were taken from the top of the cans after the oil 
 had stood for three or four months, and the calorific value found 
 without preliminary treatment. Since Nos. 3, 4, 17, 29, and 40 had 
 water present, the calorific value obtained for these was increased 
 by the same number of per cent as the oil held water; in other 
 words, the calorific value was calculated on the dry sample. All 
 other calorific values that were made of samples containing water, 
 first had the water removed by distillation. The calorific value of 
 an oil containing water is useless for most purposes unless the per¬ 
 centage of water is given alsofor how can any one get concordant 
 results on a sample half water? (See sample No. 30.) Oil is bought 
 by the gallon and not by the pound, and the column headed 
 “ Calorific value per c.c." gives the comparative value of the oils by 
 volume. 
 
 The Sulphur was determined from the sulphuric acid left over 
 from the combustion in the platinum cup. The cup or lining as 
 well as the lid of the bomb was carefully washed into a beaker, 
 the liquid filtered to about 100 c.c., BaCl a added, and the precipi¬ 
 
 tated BaSO, weighed and the sulphur calculated. The gases of 
 combustion I found to contain no sulphuric acid. (And of course 
 no SO a , since HNO a was present.) I passed the gases slo.vly 
 through glass wool soaked in KOH, and found almost no con¬ 
 sumption of the alkalinity of the KOII; showing that all the 
 H 2 S0 4 and HNO s stuck to the lining. 
 
 The Distillation - An ordinary '.[-litre glass distilling flusk 
 was used. The exit tube is bent upward for 2 inches just after 
 leaving the neck of the flask; this is to facilitate filling and to 
 intercept any liquid spurted out during the distillation. 1 do not 
 give the measurements of the flask, because in California we have 
 to take what we can get in the line of glassware. But if the flask 
 Holds 300-325 c.c. up to the bottom of the neck, the diameter of 
 the neck is about one-fifth the diameter-of the bulb, the exit tube 
 joined to the neck half way between the top of the bulb and the 
 to? of f' 1 ** "eck, and the neck about one and one half times as long 
 as the diameter of the bulb, the flusk will fulfill the requirements. 
 To prevent condensation in the upward bend it is surrounded by 
 fluffed asbestos fiber about half an inch thick. The exit tube 
 should be 30 inches long from the top of the bend to the tip of the 
 tube. The thermometer is placed so that the top of the bulb is 
 level with the bottom of the exit tube. During the distillation up 
 to the 250°-300° fraction, the exit tube passes through a water con 
 
 denser. After this fraction passes over, the condenser is removed 
 and the exit tube used as an air condenser. 
 
 The specific gravity of the sample is first determined: then the 
 flask is placed on one pan and counterbalanced with shot. The 
 balance must be accurate to 50 mg. with a 300-gram load. Enough 
 oil is poured in to make a volume of 200 c.c. (calculated from the 
 sp. g.) at the temperature of the room in which the distillation is to 
 take place. The condenser is attuched, the 50 c.c. graduated cylin¬ 
 der put under the tip of the exit tube, and the oil is cautiously 
 heated until all the water is driven over. In making the fractional 
 distillation I do not recommend putting in any measured amount of 
 gasoline or other light boiling liquid to drive off the water. I have 
 never seen a sample that could not be fractionated in its original con¬ 
 dition, if care and patience are used. The oil is then fractionated 
 between the following temperatures: up to lf)0°, 100°-150°, 150°-200°, 
 200 -250 , 260 -300 , 300°-asphalt, asphalt. The flame is so regu¬ 
 lated as to cause the oil to distill over no faster than two drops per 
 second. Just before the thermometer reaches the point where the 
 distillation is to he stopped, the flame is moderated to allow the 
 thermometer to rise gradually to the stopping point. The flame is 
 now removed to allow the temperature to fall, 20° for the 100° frac¬ 
 tion, 100° for the 300° fraction, and a proportionate fall for the frac¬ 
 tions in between, and then heated up again. This is repeated until 
 no more than three drops can be squeezed over. The receiver is then 
 
 changed and the next higher distillate run over. An exception 
 must be made with the 250°-300° fraction, if much cracking takes 
 place. With some oils very varying results may be obtained for 
 the 250°-300° fraction, because every time the temperature goes up 
 to 300° cracking takes place and more distillate passes over. In 
 such cases I have arbitrarily stopped at 50 c.c. and made a note to 
 that effect in the tables (the fraction is marked with an obelisk), or 
 else I have kept the temperature at 290° until the cracking had 
 almost stopped. This last procedure is too long to he practical, 
 and I recommend the former. The asphalt was run down to 
 grade D. It was tested by running a looped wire down the neck of 
 the distilling flusk, drawing out a drop and testing it by chewing or 
 by the fingernail. Of course, with such small quantities it does not 
 make much difference in the results whether the asphalt is run down 
 to grade C, D, or E. The asphalt is measured in this way: Fill the 
 flask with water to a mark on the neck; pour out the water and 
 save fur future use. Dissolve the asphalt in waste lubricating oil 
 (heat the flask over the flame) and remove the traces with gasoline 
 and then with hot sulphuric acid and potassium bichromate. Dry, 
 and pour hack the water. Now run in water from a burette to the 
 mark. The number of cubic centimeters run in represents the 
 a8phalt ‘ H. N. COOPER. 
 
 Printed at the State Printing Office, W. W. SHANNON, Superintendent.