STATE OF ILLINOIS HEXRY HORNER, Governor :)EPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION JOHN J. HALLIHAN. Director DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON. Chief URBANA RF.POF^r OK INVKSTI(iATlONS-\0. .S5 EFFECT OF PREPARATION ON ASH FUSIBILITY OF SELECTED ILLINOIS COALS L. C. McCABF AND O. W. REES PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS IKBANA, ILLINOIS 1 9 -^ 9 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SUI^VEY LIBRARY STATP: of ILLINOIS Hox. Henrv Horxer, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION Hon. John- L Hallihax, Direr/or Edson S. William Chem. Louis R. BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION Hon. John J. Hallihan, Chairman Bastin, Ph.D., Geology William Trelease, D.Sc, A. NovEs, Ph.D., LL.D., Henry C. Cowles, Ph.D. D., D.Sc, Chemistry Arthur Cutts Willard, H( C.E., Engineering. , LL.D., Biology , D.Sc, Forestry D.Engr., LL.D., President of the University of Illinois STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY i:)IVLSTON Urban a M. M. Leighton, Ph.D., Chief Enid Town lev, M.S., Assistant to the Chief Jane Titcomb, M.A., Geological Assistant GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES Coal G. H. Cady, Ph.D., Senior Geologist L. C. McCabe, Ph.D. James M. Schopf, Ph.D. Earle F. Taylor, NLS. Charles C. Boley, M.S. Industrial Minerals J. E. Lamar, B.S. H. B. WiLLMAN, Ph.D. Robert M. Grogan, M.S. J. S. Templeton, A.B. Oil and Gas A. H. Bell, Ph.D. G. V. Cohee, Ph.D. Frederick Squires, B.S. Charles W. Carter, Ph.D. F. C. MacKnight, Ph.D. James L. Carlton, B.S. Frank E. Tippie, B.S. Roy B. Ralston, B.A. Areal and Engineering Geology George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D. Richard F. Fisher, B.A. Subsurface Geology L. E. Workman, M.S. J. Norman Payne, Ph.D. Elwood z^therton, Ph.D. Merlyn B. Buhle, M.S. Gordon Prescott, B.S. Stratigraphy and Paleontology J. Marvin Weller, Ph.D. Chalmer L. Cooper, M.S. Petrography Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D. Richards A. Rowland, Ph.D. Physics R. J. Piersol, Ph.D. M. C. Watson, Ph.D. Donald O. Holland, M.S. GEOCHEMISTRY Frank H. Reed, Ph.D., Chief Chemist W. F. Bradley, Ph.D. G. C. Finger, Ph.D. Helen F. .Austin, B.S. Fuels G. R. YoHE, Ph.D. Carl Harman, B.S. Non-Fuels J. S. Machin, Ph.D. James F. Vanecek, NLS. Analytical O.'W. Rees, Ph.D. George W. Land, B. Ed. P. W. Henline, B.S. Mathew Kalinowski, B.S. A. J. Veraguth, M.S. M I N ER AL ECONOM I CS W. H. VosKuiL, Ph.D., Mineral F.conomisl Grace N. Oliver, A.B. EDUCATIONAL EXTENSION Don L. Carroll, B.S. PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D. Chalmer L. Cooper, M.S. Dorothy Rose, B.S. Alma R. Sweeney, A.B. M. Frances Harper, M.S. Meredith M. Calkins Consultants: Ceramics, Cullen Warner Parmelee, M.S., D.Sc, University of Illinois; Pleistocene Invertebrate Paleontology, Frank Collins Baker, B.S., University of Illinois. Topographic Mapping in Cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. This Report is a Contribution of the Section of Geological Resources, Coal Division. AuRust 1, \9M) uhh'^ois (A4188— 1500— 8-39; 3 305 7 00005" 69 75 5^1 CONTENTS Page Introduction 5 Acknowledgments 5 Other studies 5 Present studies 7 Conclusions 10 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Map of Illinois showing location ot mines where screenings were sampled 6 2. Relationship of ash softening temperature to size, coals C and E 10 3. Relationship of ash softening temperature to size, coals I and A 11 4. Relationship ot ash softening temperature to size, coals G and H 11 5. Relationship of ash sottening temperature to size, coals B, D, F, and J 12 6. Relationship of ash softening temperature to specific gravity fractions of a narrow range, coal E 26 7. Relationship of ash softening temperature to specific gravity tractions ot a narrow range, coal 1 27 8. Relationship ot ash softening temperature to cumulative specific gravity, coals A, B, and C. 28 9. Relationship of ash softening temperature to cumulative specific gravity, coals D, E, and F. 29 10. Relationship of ash softening temperature to cumulative specific gravity, coals G, H, and I. 30 TABLES AGE 1. Location, coal beds worked, thickness of" beds, mining niethotls, and tonnages of mines sampled 7 2. Ash fusion data for sized anti cumulative gravity samples, Mine A 13 3. Ash fusion data for sized and cumulative gravitx samples, Mine B 14 4. Ash fusion data for sized and cumulative gravit\ sairiples, Mine C 15 5. Ash fusion data for sized and cumulative gravit\- samples, Mine D 16 6. Ash fusion data for sized and cumulative gravity samples, Mine F, 17 7. Ash fusion data for sized and cumulative gravity samples. Mine F 18 8. Ash fusion data for sized and cumulative gravity samples, Mine G 19 9. Ash fusion data for sized and cumulative gravity samples, Mine H 20 10. Ash fusion data for sized and cumulative gravity samples, Mine 1 21 11. Ash fusion data for sized and cumulative gravity samples, Mine J 22 12. Ash fusion data for sized and individual gravity samples. Mine K 23 13. Ash fusion data for sized and individual gravity samples. Mine T 24 14. Ash analyses of screening samples (I }4 '' fo 0) from Mines F and I 25 EFFECT OF PREPARAFIOX OX ASH FrSIBILITY OF SELECTED ILLINOIS COALS* L. C. McCabe and O. \V. Rees INTRODUCTION STUDIES ot the characteristics of the ash of coal have increased in recent years in the hope that they may provide criteria for establishing the particular suitability of the coal for specific uses. Ash fusibility tests have been made as part of the ordinary comm.ercial analysis, but un- certainty as to the significance of these values has encouraged other investiga- tions such as those of Nicholls, Selvig and Ricketts^ into the relation between ash fusibility and clinkering tendencies. The relation of ash composition to ash fusi- bility- and the influence of the mineral components of the coal upon ash fusion-^ have also received some attention. These and other investigations are providing a basis for a better understanding of the complicated relationship between ash composition and ash fusibility and be- tween ash fusibility and clinkering ten- dencies. The investigation herein reported was concerned with the effect of prepara- tion upon the softening temperature of coal ash. *Presented at the Joint A.I.M.E. Coal and A.S.M.E. Fuels Meeting, Chicago, 111. October 13-15, 1938. iXicholls, P.. Selvig, W. A., and Ricketts, E. B.. Clinker formation as related to the fusibility of coal ash: U. S. Bur. Mines Bull. 364, 1934. -Estep, Thomas G., Seltz, Harry, and Osborn, Willard J., Determination of the effect of o.xides of sodium, calcium, and magnesium on ash fusion temperatures by the use of synthetic coal ash: Carnegie Inst. Tech. and Min. Met. Advisory Boards, Mining and Metallurgical Investigations. Bull. 74, 1937. sThiessen, G., Ball, C. G., and Grotts, P. E., Coal ash and coal mineral matter: Ind. Eng. Chem. vol. 28, p. 355, 1936. Ac K X O W L ED G M E XT S The writers are. glad to acknowledge the cooperation and assistance of the management of the mines in collecting samples. Dr. F. H. Reed and Dr. G. H. Cady made many helpful suggestions during the course of the investigation and preparation of this report. L. G. Hazen and C. C. Boley assisted in preparing samples and J. \V. Robinson, C. S. Westerberg, L. D. McA icker, J. A. Mc- Hard, L. H. McCreery, and G. \V. Land assisted in obtaining analytical data. OTHER STUDIES Few records of similar investigations have come to the attention of the authors. Ball^ studied the amount and character of mineral matter of No. 6 bed coal from Franklin County, Illinois. Estep et al'' studied the effect of mixing coals on softening temperature of the ash. Yancey and Eraser*^, in a report on some coal washing studies, referred briefly to the effect of washing on ash fusibility. Selvig et al,' in discussing the relationship of ^Ball. Claj'ton G., Mineral matter of Xo. 6 bed coal at West Frankfort, Franklin County, Illinois: Illinois State Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 33. 1935. •■■Estep, Thomas G., Seltz.. Harry, Bunker, Henry L. Jr. and Strickler, Herbert S., The effect of mixing coals on the ash fusion temperature of the mixture: Carnegie Inst. Tech. and Min. and Met. Advisory Boards. Mining and Metallurgical Investigations. Bull. 62, 1934. ''Yancey, H. F., and Eraser. Thomas, Coal-washing investigations, methods and tests: U. S. Bur. Mines, Bull. 300, 1929. ■Selvig. W. A., Xicholls, P.. Gardner, W. L., and Muntz, W. E., Fusibility of coal ash as related to clinker formation: Carnegie Inst. Tech. Mining and Metallurgical Investigations, Bull. 29. 1926. [5] EFFECT OF PREPARATION ON ASH FUSIBILITY Fig. 1. — Map of Illinois showing location of mines where screenings were sampled. Oh SELECTED ILLISOIS CO.^LS Iami-k 1. -LocAiioN, CoAi. B^:I)■^ W'orkkd, ^HICK.^•F.s^ of Beos, Mining Methods, and I'onnages of Mines Sampled Mi Count \ H( B Woodford . C Peoria D ' Vermilion . F. Sangamon F I Christian . G St. Clair H Marion I ! Williamson T Saline Coal bed number ( Grape Creek) 5 I Springfield.) 6 (Harrisburg Average thickness Ft. in. Minintr methods 10 Room-and-pillar, coal shot from solid, hand loading Longwall, hand mining, hand loading Room-and-pillar, machine min- ing, hand loading Room-and-pillar, machine min- ing, hand loadina Room-and-pillar, coal shot from solid, hand loading Room-and-pillar, coal shot from solid, hand loading Room-and-pillar, machine mining, machine loadine: Room-and-plUar, machine mining. hand loading Room-and-pillar, machine mining, mechanical loading Room-and-pillar, machine mining, hand loading Daily average (Tons) 450 425 3,000 3,000 1,500 700 1,300 1,700 4,000 2,000 ash fusibility to clinker formation com- mented on the effect of washing upon the fusibility and the clinkering charac- teristics of the coal. The only generaliza- tions of present interest that can be drawn from the last three papers are that ash fusion characteristics vary with the extent to which washing eliminates certain mineral substances. Furthermore, ac- cording to these authors, elimination ot pyrite usually tends to raise the tempera- ture of fusibility of the washed coal as compared with that of the raw coal. PRESENT STUDIES This study of the effect of preparation on ash fusibility of coal screenings from Illinois mines is part of an investigation of washability characteristics, size-range, petrographic, and chemical nature of coal screenings begun by the Illinois Geological Survey in 1935. Ten mines were sampled so that each of the com- mercially important coal beds as well as the different producing districts in the State was represented (table 1 and fig. l,j. Increments of 12 to 15 pounds were taken from the loading chute at each mine at intervals throughout a day's run. One quarter of the gross sample of 1000 to 1500 pounds was sized and used in rioat-and-sink tests. Water solutions of zinc chloride were used in the float-and- sink tests of K to ;^-inch and larger coal, and organic solutions, carbontetrachlor- ide, benzene and bromoform mixtures were used for the sizes smaller than ^- inch. Results and details of procedure of the sizing"* and washability tests^ have been published. From the tioat-and-sink fractions, samples were taken which have furnished a fund of data on the ash fusion character- 'McCabe. L. C. Mitchell. D. R.. and Cady. G. H.. Proximate analyses and screen tests of coal mine screenings produced in Illinois: Illinois State Geol. Sur^-ey, Rept. Inv. 38, 1935. ^Mitchell, D. R.. and McCabe, L. C, Washability characteristics of Illinois coal screenings: Illinois State Geol. Survey. Rept. Inv. 48, 1937. 8 KJ/ECT Of PREPARATION ON ASH FUSIBILITY istics and ash composition of these coals. Only the data pertaining to the effect of sizing and heavy liquid separation on ash fusion temperatures are presented here. Ash composition and its relation to ash fusion characteristics will be treated in another publication. The screenings sample from each mine was sized as follows: 1/4 to 3/:(-inch -V4 to ^8-inch % inch to 10-mesh 10 to 48-mesh minus 48-mesh Round-hole screens were used in sizing at ^-inch and above and Tyler standard sieves for sizing below ^-inch. Each size was separated by heavv liquids of 1.30, 1.35, 1.40, 1.50 and 1.70 specific gravity into the following frac- tions: 1.30 Specific gravity float 1.30 to 1.35 Specific gravity float 1.35 to 1.40 Specific gravity float 1.40 to 1.50 Specific gravity float 1.50 to 1,70 Specific gravity float 1.70 Specific gravity sink The ash and sulfur values for the coals were obtained according to Ameri- can Society for Testing Materials pro- cedures D 271 -33.i« The ash fusion data were obtained according to A.S.T.M. specifications D 271-33^^ (modified 1938) in a Barrett ash fusion furnace. The ash analyses were made in accordance with procedures out- lined by Hillebrand and LundelP^ and Washington^'^ for the analysis of silicate rocks. Ash fusion values, together with values for ash, sulfur, and weight per cent are given in tables 2 to 13 and figures 2 to 11. A graph, on which the ash softening temperatures of the individual sizes are plotted, aids in comparing these values for the different sizes in the same mine, and the curves formed by connecting the points make it possible to place the mines in characteristic groups. The graphs showing the effect of sizing upon ash softening temperatures for the i^Standard Methods of Laboratory Sampling and Analysis of Coal and Coke: A.S.T.M. Standards on Coal and Coke, D 271-33. pp. 17 and 21, 1936. "Idem. p. 27. (Revised 1938). i2Hillebrand, W. F., and Lundell, G. E. F., Applied inorganic analysis, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1929. •^Washington, H. S., The chemical analysis of rocks, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1930. coals from the ten mines may be divided into four groups each of which contains two or more similar curves. In Group 1, which includes coals from mines C and E (fig. 2), the highest ash softening tem- peratures are in the minus 48-mesh size. In Group 2, representing coals from mines I and A (fig. 3), the lowest softening temperatures occur in the 5^-inch to 10-mesh size, followed by an increase of 100° to 150° F. in the 10- to 48-mesh size, and a drop to a lower softening temper- ature for the minus 48-mesh dust. In Group 3 for coals from mines G and H (fig. 4), the ash softening temperature is rather uniform for all sizes except the 10- to 48-mesh size which is consistently lowest. In Group 4, representing coals from mines B, D, F, and J (fig. 5), the highest softening temperatures are in the 5<4 to ^^-inch size. Curves D, F, and J show the lowest ash softening temperature in the 10- to 48-mesh size with a slightly higher softening temperature in the ash from the minus 48-mesh coal. In curve B no such reversal is shown. The number of mines represented is tt)o small to be conclusive, but there appears to be a relationship between the geographical location of the mines and the groupings indicated above. Mines C and E of Group 1 are in No. 5 coal in the western part of the coal basin (fig. 1). Mines (j and H of (iroup 3 are in No. 6 coal in the Belleville district of south- western Illinois. Mines B, 1), F, and J of Group 4 are in the Grape Creek No. 2, the No. 5 and the No. 6 coals, all near the center or east of the center of the coal basin. Only Group 2 embraces two widely separated mines. Mine A in No. 1 coal in northern Illinois and Mine I in No. 6 coal in Williamson county. Coals E and I were selected for an exhaustive study of ash composition in relation to ash fusion characteristics be- cause of the extremes of sulfur content. Coal from Mine E has 5.3 per cent sulfur in 13^ to 0-inch screenings and screenings from Mine I have 1.9 per cent sulfvir. Samples of each of the five sizes of coals from Mine E. and Mine I were separated bv heavv solutions into 1.30, 1.35, 1.40, 1.50 and 1.70 float, and 1.70 sink fractions. Chemical analyses of the ashes of the l^ to 0-inch samples of these two coals appear in table 14, and OF SELECTED ILLIXOIS CO.ILS ash fusion determinations, ash, sultur, and weight per cent values appear in tables 12 and 13. Table 14 shows the coal from Mine E to be higher in ash and sul- fur than that from Mine I. The com- position of the two ashes varies also, the SiOj and AI2O3 are lower in coal ash E and the FejOg, CaO, and SO3 are con- siderably higher. These closely sized fractions of narrow specific gravity limits cover a wide range of ash softening temperatures but the curves (figs. 6 and 7) show the ash soften- ing temperatures to be q\iite different for the two coals. In general the lowest ash softening temperatures for coal E are in the fractions of low specific gravity and with the exception of the ^g-inch to 10- mesh, the highest ash softening temper- atures are in the 1.70 sink fractions. The coal I curves show low ash-soltening temperatures in both the low and high specific gravity fractions and high ash- softening temperatures at intermediate specific gravities. For coal I the ash softening temper- ature of the ^ to ^-inch screenings floating at 1.40 specific gravity is 2547° F. (table 13) and of the 1.70 sink fraction it is 2019° F, a range of 528° between the maximum and minimum softening tem- peratures in one size. The difference in softening temperature between the 1.50 (2518° F.) and the 1.70 (2048° F.) float fractions in the 1J<4 to J^-inch size is 470°. For coal E the 134 to M-ii^ch screenings show a range of 622° in the ash softening temperatures of the 1.50 specific gravitv float (1971° F.) and the 1.70 sink (2593° F.) fractions (see table 12). The head sample, or 1J<4 to 0-inch screenings, for Mine I has a lower ash softening temperature than do most of the sizes prepared from it. All ash softening temperatures of float-and-sink fractions derived from Mine E head sample are higher than the softening temperature of the head sam- ple. Data for these two coals indicate that sizing and close gravity separation yield products which have higher ash softening temperatures than the original coal although each coal has individual characteristics. Tables 2 to 11 and figures 8 to 11 pre- sent ash fusion data for size and cumula- tive gravity samples studied. The com- posite samples were made up according to weight per cent values obtained by gravity separations of each size. This makes it possible to determine how softening temperature is affected by add- ing high-ash coal to low-ash coal or by washing at any given specific gravity. The ash softening temperatures of four of the high specific gravity fractions of coal E are considerably above the softening temperatures of the ash of the fractions of low specific gravity (fig. 6). It is apparent from an examination of the increment curves for this coal (fig. 9) that the addition of increments of high soften- ing temperature ash does not always raise the softening temperature of the composite, rather it tends to lower it. In the curve showing softening temper- atures of the individual fractions, of the ?4 to ^/g-inch size (fig. 6), fractions having specific gravities above 1.30 have higher softening temperatures than does the fraction floating at 1.30 specific gravity, yet when these fractions are combined in the proportion in which they occur in the coal, the effect of each added in- crement is to lower the softening tem- perature. The cumulative curve for the minus 48-mesh fraction (fig. 9) roughly follows the curve of individual softening temperatures (fig. 6) in the first five in- crements added but on the addition of the 1.70 sink fraction, which has a soften- ing temperature 175° higher than that of the nearest increment (table 12), the softening temperature of the composite is lowered 128° (table 6). Although the cumulative curves for coal from Mine I (fig. 10) conform in a general way to the curves of softening temperature for individual fractions (fig. 7), both high and low points are modified. At 1.50 specific gravity, the washing gravity of most Illinois coals, the major- ity of sizes from all mines except B and F have higher ash softening temperatures than the 1^/i to 0-inch head sample (figs. 8-11). However, it does not follow that if these sizes were combined and washed the fusion temperature would be higher than in the unwashed screenings. It might be higher or it might be lower. The cumulative ash softening curves for coal from Mines G and H (fig. 10) are similar, and the curves for the various sizes occupy the same relative positions. 10 EFFECT OF PREPARATION ON ASH FUSIBILITY These relations are not apparent for the coals of the other eight mines (figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11). Sulfur values for all samples are listed (tables 2 to 13), but no definite relation- ship between these values and ash soften- ing temperature values is apparent. Undoubtedly any such relationship de- pends on the nature and quantity of other minerals in the coal. These relationships will be discussed in a later publication. CONCTUSIONS (1) On the basis of sizing the ten coals studied may be divided into four groups within which the ash fusion re- lationships are similar. (2) With the possible exception of coals from mines G and H whose ash fusion relationships are similar, no group- ings similar to those derived from sizing appear possible on the basis of cumula- tive specific gravity separations. (3) The greatest difference in ash softening temperature was obtained in sized coals of narrow specific gravity range. This may explain clinkering difficulties experienced with stoker coals when changes are made in sizing or in washing procedure. (4) The effect, in general, of combin- ing portions of narrow specific gravity range is to lower high softening temper- ature values and to raise low softening temperature values of the component portions. W ,975 2 LEGEND SOFTENING TEMPERATURE OF ASH SOFTENING TEMPERATURE OF ASH IZE INDICATED 14 INCH TO O SCREENINGS (head SAMPLE) V4 TO VeIN COAL SIZE Fig. 2. — Relationship of ash softening temperature to size, coals C and E. OF SELECTED ILLINOIS COALS 11 \ "\ / \ "^-^^ f / ""^ / / _ ^ / LEGEND o SOFTENING TEMPERATURE OF ASH IN SIZE INDICATED X SOFTENING TEMPERATURE OF ASH IN i'/a INCH TO SCREENINGS (head sample ) "^^-\ / 3/4T0V6 IN, COAL SIZE VelNTOIOM l0TO48Mr| - 48 M Fig. 3. — Relationship of ash softening temperature to size, coals I and A. 2100 I z UJ GROUP 3 1 < o -^ QQAL Q \l It ^^ ^~ — ~.^_^ 1 K Q. 2 UJ 1- O z z UJ \ 10 LEGEND \( I o SOFTENING TEMPERATURE OF ASH 1 N SIZE INDICATED < X SOFTENING TEMPERATURE OF ASH IN l'^INCH TO SCREENINGS f HEAD SAMPLE ) .TOV. IN V4TD- i«IN. VbINT 10 M 10 TO IBM Fig. 4.— Relationship of ash softening temperature to size, coals G and H. 12 EFFECT OF PREP A RATIOS OX ASH FUSIBILFFY COAL SIZE VeIN TOIOM. 10 70461^ - 48 M. Imo. 5. — Relationship ot ash softening temperature to size, coals B, I), I'", and J. Ol SELECTED ILLISOIS COJLS \^ Table 2.- -Ash Fusion Daia kor Sizhd and Cimii.a i i\k (iRA\■ll^■ Sami-les Mine A Sample Lab. No. Weight! Per cent Ash^ Sulfur- Initial Deforma- tion °F Soften- ing °F Fluid Head (IM" toOi. lk"'to^" %"tols" y^," to 10 mesh. 10 to 48 mesh... . Minus 48 mesh. . . lM"to%" Sized sampled . . . 1.30 Float 1.35 C-1155 C-1156 C-1157 C-1158 C-1159 C-1160 C-1156 C-1350 C-1838 C-1839 C-1840 C-1841 C-1842 C-1157 C-1356 C-1843 C-1844 C-1845 C-1846 C-1847 C-1158 C-1396 C-1848 C-1849 C-1850 C-1851 C-1852 C-1159 C-1402 C-1853 C-1854 C-1855 C-1856 C-1857 C-1160 C-1475 C-1858 C-1859 C-1860 C-1861 C-1862 100.0 25.0 25.5 31.8 12.5 5.2 100.0 39.9 66.7 79.3 87.4 92.2 100.0 100.0 40.7 66.0 77.6 85.9 90.1 100.0 100.0 26.5 54.6 66.4 77.5 84.8 100.0 100.0 10.2 42.5 53.2 64.7 72.6 100.0 100.0 0.25 8.9 19.1 31.9 68.6 100.0 19.6 17.2 17.7 19.5 25.5 29.9 17.2 6.8 8.5 9.6 11.0 12.4 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 7,1 6.1 3.6 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.8 1880 1965 1902 1879 1913 1913 1965 1724 1805 1791 1816 1829 1849 1902 1756 1811 1809 1805 1820 1846 1879 1686 1750 1722 1768 1695 1738 1913 1722 1668 1628 1744 1731 1791 1913 (^) 1934 1872 1943 1937 1880 1924 1987 1969 1908 2071 1981 1987 1927 1883 1904 1927 1913 1920 1969 2025 1907 1931 1968 1920 1932 1908 1876 1869 1875 1862 1897 1869 2071 1885 1893 1901 1898 1893 2011 1981 {') 2000 2065 2073 2056 2001 1960 2026 1984 1974 2111 2017 2026 2152 2024 1 40. 2170 1.50 2187 1.70 2252 Composite head. . Sized sampled . . . 1.30 F ^242 17.7 5.7 7.7 9.0 10.6 11.9 6.2 3.4 4.0 4.3 4.6 4.8 1984 2134 1.35 2151 1.40 2211 1.50 2214 1.70 1998 Composite head. . 3^8 " to 10 mesh Sized sampled . . . 1.30 F 2161 19.5 4.1 5.3 6.5 8.1 10.0 6.2 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.6 1974 2200 1.35 2249 1.40 (') 1.50 2118 1.70 2218 Composite head. . 10 to 48 mesh Sized sample^. . . . 1.30 F 2114 25.5 2.6 3.6 4.7 6.4 8.5 6.2 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.2 2111 2182 1.35 2234 1.40 2196 1.50 2209 1.70 2218 Composite head. . Minus 48 mesh Sized sample^. . . . 1.30 F 2057 29.9 3.6 2.8 4.0 6.4 15.0 7.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.5 4.6 2017 1.35 2180 1.40 2309 1.50 2242 1.70 2203 Composite head. . 2074 'Individual values for sized samples; cumulative values for gravity samples. 'Dry basis. ^Sub-head sample. 16.7 26.7 43.0 69.3 100.0 18.1 15.5 16.9 19.3 25.8 25.2 15.5 5.6 7.9 9.0 10.0 10.6 16.9 4.5 7.3 8.4 9.5 10.4 25.8 d>.2 4.8 5.9 7.4 9.2 10.0 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.2 3.4 4.7 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7 4.7 3.1 3.2 ?>.?> 3.5 3.6 19.3 4.5 5.2 ?>.?> 6.5 3.4 7.3 3.5 8.3 3.6 9.5 3.8 3.6 3.1 2.7 1944 1930 1900 1902 1939 1966 1930 1862 1829 1863 1820 1876 1876 1900 1832 1876 1881 1885 1849 1888 1902 1848 1897 1910 1927 1927 1930 1939 1848 1860 1860 1882 1920 1963 1966 1934 1766 1751 1712 1727 1920 2056 2044 2048 2073 2041 2099 2044 2081 2108 2078 2074 2065 2030 2048 2050 2081 2068 2058 2041 2017 2073 2025 2065 2065 2065 2043 2046 2041 1984 2028 2055 2056 2051 2025 2099 1973 1990 2002 2032 2085 2109 2157 2305 2233 2354 2372 2459 2305 2536 2460 2480 2469 2413 2384 2233 2629 2389 2312 2336 2232 2204 2354 2240 2281 2344 2293 2256 2220 2372 2141 2264 2271 2247 2229 2251 2459 2180 2405 2397 2406 2420 2200 ^Individual values for sized sample ^Dry basis. ^Sub-head sample. cumulative values for gravity samples. 20 EFFECT OF PREPARATIOS ON ASH FUSIBILITY ABi.E 9. --Ash Fusion Da i a for Sizkd an'd Cumci.aiiv Gravity Samim.f.s MineH Sample Lab. No. Weight' Per cent .Ash-^ Sulfur-^ Initial Deforma- tion °F Soften- ing °F Fluid op Head dM" toO). IK" to %" H" to -^s" •^h" to 10 mesh C-1186 C-1187 C-1188 C-1189 C-1190 C-1191 C-1187 C-1263 C-1580 C-1581 C-1582 C-1583 C-1584 C-1188 C-1269 C-1585 C-1586 C-1587 C-1588 C-1589 C-1189 C-1281 C-1590 C-1591 C-1592 C-1593 C-1594 C-1190 C-1287 C-1595 C-1596 C-1597 C-1598 C-1599 C-1191 C-1515 C-1890 C-1891 C-1892 C-1893 C-1894 100.0 33.0 23.5 26.7 11.8 5.0 100.0 36.4 63.7 77.8 86.6 89.9 100.0 100.0 42.8 67.8 78.3 86.0 90.2 100.0 100.0 65.3 75.3 80.1 85.1 89.7 100.0 100.0 43.7 61.3 71.7 78.9 85.3 100.0 100.0 5.1 33.1 45.2 59.9 77.7 100.0 16.3 15.4 15.5 15.0 17.3 20.4 15.4 5.1 7.2 8.6 9.9 10.7 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.2 3.7 4.7 2.9 3.0 3.1 3,.?> 3.4 1928 1966 1947 1916 1902 1914 1966 1847 1877 1877 1877 1847 1886 1947 1858 1886 1867 1774 1861 1880 1916 1774 1867 1867 1900 1870 1932 1902 1763 1813 1754 1722 1898 1898 1914 1694 1729 1752 1737 1794 1839 1990 2027 1990 1989 1933 1984 2027 2045 2084 2112 2090 2057 2037 1990 2038 2068 2068 2068 2062 2032 1989 2022 2019 2044 2047 2046 2030 1933 1898 1959 2008 2030 1994 1950 1984 1911 1848 1888 1934 1996 1986 2118 2272 2255 10 to 48 mesh. . . Minus 48 mesh ^Wa" to%" Sized sample-'. . . . 1.30 Float 1.35 2017 2272 2319 ?366 1.40 ?379 1.50 2366 1.70 2319 Composite head. . .•K"to=^," Sized sampled . . . 1.30 F ^319 15.5 5.1 6.9 8.0 9.2 10.3 4.9 2.8 2.9 3.0 ^.1 2^.i 2255 2291 1.35 2388 1.40 2380 1.50 2319 1.70 2391 Composite head . . •*8" to 10 mesh Sized sampled . . . 1.30 F 2228 15.0 5.5 6.4 7.0 7.9 9.1 4.7 2.9 3.0 3.1 i.l 2389 1.35 2391 1.40 2232 1.50 2290 1.70 2334 Composite head . . 10 to 48 mesh Sized sample-''. . . . 1 .30 F 2273 17.3 3.6 4.6 5.6 6.7 8.3 4.2 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2383 1.35 1.40 2288 2184 1.50 2193 1.70 . . 2383 Composite head. . Minus 48 mesh Sized sample^. . . . l.vSO F 1966 20.4 3.6 4.5 5.9 7.5 3.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2 5 2017 2074 1.35 2358 1.40 2358 1.50 1.70 2415 2399 Composite head. . 2377 ^Individual values for sized samples; cumulative values for gravity samples. 2Dry basis. ^Sub-head sample. or SELECTED ILLISOIS COJLS 21 r.AUi.K 10. Ash I'l mon Dai. a K)R Si/ku and Cimli.aii' (jRA^■Il^■ Sampi.ks Mine I I ] I i Initial 4- ,- ^ , \Axh. Wkight' , ,., ^ ,,- .. 13cforma- '^often- Saiiiplc V- I, ^ .Asli- Sulfur- ■ ing * No. Per cent tion oi- Head (1 K " to 3x •Va" to -^8' S" to 10 mesh 10 to 48 mesh Minus 48 mesh C-1689 C-1163 C-1164 C-1165 C-1166 C-1167 100.0 28.6 25.6 27.0 12.9 5.9 10.4 9.8 9.9 10.8 14.4 14.6 1.9 1.7 1 .9 2.1 2.3 2.2 1921 2081 1953 1887 2014 2008 2054 2205 2097 2036 2141 2130 Fluid I' 2260 2451 2450 2311 2411 2381 lM"toh" Sized sample-'. . . . C-1163 100.0 1.30 Float C-1245 54.1 1.35 C-1660 86.4 1.40 C-1661 92.1 1.50 C-1662 96.1 1.70 C-1663 97.4 Composite head. . C-1664 100.0 9.8 4.4 6.0 6.5 7.2 7.5 1 , / 1.3 1 .4 1 4 1 5 1.5 2081 1856 1856 1876 1891 1911 1864 2205 2122 2180 2200 2304 2255 2179 2451 2460 2452 2526 2544 2534 2453 ^"to^s" Sized sample" i C-1164 100.0 1.30 F C-1257 53.6 1.35 I C-1665 83.8 1.40 C-1666 89.4 1.50 C-1667 93.3 1.70 C-1668 95.8 Composite head, .i C-1669 100.0 9.9 3.7 5 . 5 6.1 6.7 7.4 1.9 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1953 1829 1867 1867 1908 1913 1936 2097 2064 2134 2169 2174 2134 2114 2450 2421 2400 2441 2451 2416 2379 Js" to 10 mesh Sized sample''. . . . 1.30 F 1.35 1.40 1.50 1.70... Composite head. . C-1165 C-1502 C-1670 C-1671 C-1672 C-1673 C-1674 100.0 77. 7 86.4 89.4 92.1 94.2 0.8 4.6 5.3 5. 7 6.2 6.8 2. 2 1 .4 1.5 100 1887 1865 1874 1903 1909 1856 1934 2036 2093 2143 2156 2113 2125 2078 2311 2312 2382 2381 2390 2335 2259 10 to 48 mesh Sized sampled . . C-1166 100.0 1.30 F C-1239 69.3 1.35 C-1675 76.5 1.40 C-1676 80 3 1.50 C-1677 84.9 1.70 C-1678 88.1 Composite head. . C-1679 100.0 14.4 3.5 4.1 4.6 6.2 2.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1 .2 1.3 2014 1855 1898 1898 1862 1862 1942 2141 2058 2091 2116 2126 2132 2098 2411 2268 2230 2307 2405 2383 2277 Minus 48 m Sized sample'' . 1.30 F 1.35 1.40 1.50 1.70 Composite head sh C-1167 C-1427 C-1680 C-1681 C-1682 C-1683 C-1684 1 00 . 17.9 31.5 45.4 57.6 87.3 100.0 14.6 1.7 2.6 3.8 4.8 6.7 2.1 0.89 0.97 1.0 0.99 0.98 2008 1856 1856 1896 1927 1 956 1991 2130 2025 2048 2085 2106 2177 2119 2381 2192 2264 2294 2278 2508 2281 Individual values for sized samples; cumulative values for gravity samples. -Dry basis. ''Sub-head sample. 22 EFFECT OF PREPARATION ON ASH FUSIBILITY Table 11. — Ash Fusion Data for Sized and Cumulative Gravity Samples Mine J Sample Lab. No. Head dM" toO) IM" to %".... M"to H" Vs" to 10 mesh. 10 to 48 mesh.. Minus 48 mesh. .IM" to M" Sized sample^. . . 1.30 Float 1.35 1.40 1.50 1.70... Composite head . .M" to 3.8" Sized sampled . . 1.30 F 1.35 1.40 1.50 1.70... Composite heatl . %" to 10 mesh Sized sample^. . . 1.30 F 1.35 1.40 1.50 1.70... Composite head . 10 to 48 mesh Sized sample^. . . 1.30 F 1.35 1.40 1.50 1.70... Composite head. Minus 48 mesh Sized sample'''. . . 1.30 F 1.35 1.40 1.50 1.70.... Composite head . . C-1172 C-1174 C-1175 C-1176 C-1177 C-1178 C-1174 C-1336 C-1620 C-1621 C-1622 C-1623 C-1624 C-1175 C-1342 C-1625 C-1626 C-1627 C-1628 C-1629 C-1176 C-1372 C-1630 C-1631 C-1632 C-1633 C-1634 C-1177 C-1378 C-1635 C-1636 C-1637 C-1638 C-1639 C-1178 C-1447 C-1895 C-1896 C-1897 C-1898 C-1899 Weight^ Per cent 100.0 30.7 26.0 25.4 12.3 5.6 100.0 50.5 86.3 92.1 95.0 96.5 100.0 100.0 50.1 85.4 91.0 93.9 95.2 100.0 100.0 59.0 82.6 87.5 90.4 92.3 100.0 100.0 50.1 68.3 73.9 79.4 82.5 100.0 100.0 15.9 30.8 39.8 51.0 82.1 100.0 Ash-^ 11.8 9.7 10.2 11.7 18.5 16.8 9.7 5.3 7.0 7.4 7.8 8.1 10.2 4.8 6.5 6.9 7.3 7.6 11.7 4.5 5.9 6.3 6.6 7.0 18.5 3.2 4.6 5.1 5.9 6.5 16.8 2.0 3.2 4.1 5.2 7.1 Sulfur- 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.1 2.8 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.9 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 3.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 3.7 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 Initial Deforma- tion °F 1928 1893 1876 1915 1931 1945 1893 1849 1902 1919 1919 1832 1833 1876 1877 1832 1822 1822 1859 1900 1915 1869 1902 1881 1923 1858 1942 1931 1824 1869 1878 1898 1886 1912 1945 1936 1703 1683 1678 1753 1846 Soften- ing °F 2028 2036 2072 2022 1996 2017 2036 2155 2118 2068 2075 2065 2047 2061 2120 2118 2077 2054 2080 2059 2014 2080 2127 2127 2086 2047 2046 1996 2013 2064 2068 2078 2070 1980 2017 2122 1942 1955 1984 2040 1948 Fluid °F 2193 2385 2376 2214 2061 2138 2385 2529 2496 2100 2148 2151 2107 2376 2539 2157 2088 2073 2464 2415 2230 2424 2452 2469 2468 2412 2219 2061 2244 2416 2418 2424 2392 2039 2138 2358 2345 2354 2342 2304 2202 ^Individual values for sized samples; cumulative values for gravity samples. 2Dry basis. ^Sub-head sample. OF SELECTED ILLIXOIS COALS 23 Tabi.k 12. - Ash Fusion Data for Sizkd and 1 ndiviol al Gravity Samples Mine E Sample Head (IM" toO) l%" to %".... %" to^,s" 3^" to 10 mesh 10 to 48 mesh. . Minus 48 mesh .lK"toM" Sized sample-. . . 1.30 Float 1.30-1.35 1.35-1.40 1.40-1.50 1.50-1.70 1.70 Sink %"to%" Sized sample^. 1.30 F 1.30-1.35.. .. 1.35-1.40... 1.40-1.50... 1.50-1.70. ... 1.70 S 3^" to 10 mesh Sized sample^. . . . 1.30 F 1.30-1.35 1.35-1.40 1.40-1.50 1.50-1.70 1.70 S 10 to 48 mesh Sized sample-. . . 1.30 F 1.30-1.35 1.35-1.40 1.40-1.50 1.50-1.70 1.70 S Minus 48 mesh Sized sample^. . . . 1.30 F 1.30-1.35 1.35-1.40 1.40-1.50 1.50-1.70 1.70 S Lai) No. C-1085 C-1086 C-1087 C-1088 C-1089 C-1090 C-1086 C-1219 C-1220 C-1221 C-1222 C-1223 C-1224 C-1087 C-1225 C-1226 C-1227 C-1228 C-1229 C-1230 C-1088 C-1198 C-1199 C-1200 C-1201 C-1202 C-1203 C-1089 C-1192 C-1193 C-1194 C-1195 C-1196 C-1197 C-1090 C-1508 C-1509 C-1510 C-1511 C-1512 C-1513 Wright Per cent 100.0 29.5 28.6 26.6 10.7 4.6 100.0 42.8 29.1 14.2 7.8 3.8 2.3 100.0 38.7 30.1 14.6 9.0 4.0 3.6 100.0 61.9 6.8 7.1 11.7 4.8 7.7 100.0 34.4 20.0 11.5 12.9 6.0 15.2 100.0 1.5 15.8 23.7 22.4 14.7 21.9 Ash' 13 12. 14, 13. 17. 20 12.8 7.0 12.0 16.3 22.1 31.0 51.2 14.1 6.2 11.0 16.0 21.6 31.9 54.4 13 6 9 12 18 29 60.3 17.3 3.5 5.7 10.4 15.8 27.5 61.7 20.2 2.2 2.5 5.2 10.7 18.8 58.6 Sulfur' 5.2 3.5 4.2 5.8 7.1 11.6 25.0 5.5 3.4 4.0 5.7 7.5 10.0 25.6 5.3 3.5 3.9 4.6 6.1 8.5 15.5 5.4 3.2 ^.3 3.9 4.9 7.1 12.7 5.0 Initial Deforma- tion °F 1885 1918 1930 1909 1911 1983 1918 1712 1864 1882 1852 2098 1909 1930 1678 1947 1903 1925 1893 1882 1909 1829 1877 1904 1998 1864 1886 1911 1844 2019 1856 1926 1985 2093 1983 1747 1882 1912 1912 1976 2005 Soften- int? °F Fluid °F 1896 1963 1963 1930 1956 2056 1963 2019 2003 2142 1971 2164 2593 1963 1951 2165 2007 2070 2023 2376 1930 1984 2003 2037 2085 1942 1959 1956 1985 2149 2110 2082 2102 2395 2056 1918 2118 2044 2125 2150 2325 2036 2036 2033 1980 1970 2075 2036 2197 2334 2133 2425 2644 2033 2509 2432 2271 2405 2259 2471 1980 2434 2210 2538 2215 1960 1959 1970 2492 2681 2468 2349 2215 2548 2075 2183 2639 2259 2381 2417 2355 'Dry basis. ^Sub-head sample. ■''Out of range. 24 EFFECT OF PREPA RATIOS OS ASH FUSIBILrTY Tablk 13 Ash Fusion Ua ia kor Sizkd and Indinidiai. GRAVIT^' Sami'i.ks Mine I Sample Lab. No. Weight Per cent Ash' Sulfur' Initial Deforma- tion °F Soften- ing °F Fluid °F Head (1^" toO) IM" toM" 10 to 48 mesh . . Minus 48 mesh . IM" to H" Sized sample-. . . 1.30 Float 1.30-1.35 1.35-1.40 1.40-1.50 1.50-1.70 1.70 Sink Sized sample- . . . 1.30 F 1.30-1.35 1.35-1.40 1.40-1.50 1.50-1.70 1.70 S •^y" to 10 mesh Sized sample'. . . 1.30 F 1.30-1.35 1.35-1.40 1.40-1.50 1.50-1.70 1.70 S 10 to 48 mesh Sized sample". . . 1 .30 F 1.30-1.35 1.35-1.40 1.40-1.50 1.50-1.70 1.70 S Minus 48 mesh Sized sample'. . . 1.30 F 1.30-1.35 1.35-1.40 1.40-1.50 1.50-1.70 1 70 S C-1689 C-1163 C-1164 C-1165 C-1166 C-1167 C-1163 C-1245 C-1246 C-1247 C-1248 C-1249 C-1250 C-1164 C-1257 C-1258 C-1259 C-1260 C-1261 C-1262 C-1165 C-1502 C-1503 C-1504 C-1505 C-1506 C-1507 C-1166 C-1239 C-1240 C-1241 C-1242 C-1243 C-1244 C-1167 C-1427 C-1428 C-1429 C-1430 C-1431 C-1432 100.0 28.6 25.6 27.0 12.9 5.9 100.0 54.1 32.2 5.7 4.0 1.3 2.7 100.0 53.6 30.3 5.6 4.0 2.5 4.0 100.0 77.7 8.7 3.0 2.7 2.1 5.8 100.0 69 . 3 7.2 3.8 4.6 3.2 11.9 100.0 17.9 13.7 13 12 29 9 2 7 12.6 10.4 9.8 9.9 10.8 14.4 14.6 9. 4. 8. 14. 21. 34. 67. 9.9 3.7 8.8 14.5 20.7 35.2 67.7 10.8 4.6 11.8 16.5 22.3 35.2 67.9 14,4 3.5 10.1 14.1 18.1 30.3 71.1 14.6 1.7 3.8 6.4 8.6 10.4 62.5 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.3 1 1 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.1 3.5 10.3 1.9 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.1 3.1 10 4 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.9 12.1 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.7 2.1 10.5 2.2 0.89 1,1 1, 1 , 90 0.92 9.3 1921 2081 1953 1887 2014 2008 2081 1856 1996 1893 2309 1900 2054 1953 1829 1890 2039 1920 2054 1878 1887 1865 1886 1851 1942 1912 1877 2014 1855 1872 1924 2053 2021 2035 2008 1856 2049 2054 2205 2097 2036 2141 2130 2205 2122 2311 2309 2518 2048 2139 2097 2064 2290 2547 2224 2220 2019 2036 2093 2268 2289 2151 2186 1994 2141 2058 2230'^ 2224 2445 2192 2107 2130 2025 2153 2260 2451 2450 2311 2411 2381 2451 2460 2503 2631 2696 2433 2334 2450 2421 2554 2736 2437 2408 2370 2311 2312 2562 2454 2547 2267 2230 2411 2268 2587 2431 2575 2448 2361' 2381 2192 2503 1936 1978 1900 2125 2178 2043 2401 2556 2219 iDrv basis. -Sub-head sample. ■*Sinp!e determination. Ol SELECTED JLLIXOIS COALS 25 ABI.K 14. A.SH .A.NAl.V.SK.S OF SCREENING SaMI'LE.S (P4" 10 0) FROM MiNE.S E A NO I Ash Constituents Mine K Mine 1 Si02 Per cent 40.15 .77 11.81 26.20 .88 8.37 .92 1.35 .00 9.09 Per cent 46 . 94 TiO-i .93 A1..0, 20.19 VtD, 18.82 MtjO 1.24 CaO 4.62 Na-O .50 K2O 2.12 p.,o, .00 Tota! sulfur as SO-t 4.69 Totals .Ash in coal (dry basis) Sulfur in coal (dry basis) 99 . 54 13.8 5.3 100,05 10,4 1.9 26 EFFECT OF F REPARATION ON ASH FUSIBILITY 2600 24 50 IMINE El LEGEND — I '/a TO V4 INCH — V4 TO VelNCH — Va INCH TO 10 MESH ._. 10 TO 48 MESH .... -48 MESH — I '/4 TO INCH / 50 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Fig. 6. — Relationship of ash softening temperature to specific gravity fractions of a narrow range, coal F".. OF SELECTED ILLINOIS COALS 27 50 SPECIFIC GRAVITY KiG. 7. -Relationship ot ash softening temperature to specific gravity fractions of a narrow range, coal I. 28 EFFECT OF PREPARATION ON ASH FUSIBILITY I X-^- \ E MINE A >i '^ 1900 '-':■$:-. ^ 30 135 SPECIFIC GRAVITY '-... .>1 iMiNE B| ^- ^___ . —^^ ^ ,1 _> — \ \ > \ \ 30 135 SPECIFIC GRAVITY -:iiuc V^ ><^ ---,__ IMINE C| ^lUU V] / / N ! N V J. . j '^•^■-«^. .. / / / / N ^ - i_^ ' '~< : X ^^ ■ -^-^ \ ________ ■ ^^**^ 1900 1 "\, 1.30 1.35 1.40 SPECIFIC GRAVITY LEGEND I '/4 TO % INCH 3/4 TO Ve INCH Vs INCH TO 10 MESM 10 TO 48 MESH - 48 WESH 1 1/4 TO INCH Fig. 8. Relationship ot ash softening temperature to cumuhitive specihc Kravitv, coals A, B, and C. Ol SFAJ-.CTED JLLIXOIS (A).ILS 29 1 " b^ ! ^ -p- ^^^ ^ -.:< /''^ .-••■■' 1/ .^<- ^ ^- ^' — " * 5-_;'' --..^•-:": ^/ IMINE Dl SPECIFIC CR/kv f. [mine e: 1 _..••■■■ r ■•.^ \ ^ 'A -r^—- -^ ^--. r / ••■■■" ^ \ N ->>. V ^^^V.^ ~^~~- -4 \ 35 i 40 50 SPECIFIC CRAVIT1 ^ ,.- \_ JMINE F 1 ...•■■■ '""■■-■^ J -~-^ *■ -_i 1 , < .-'':!— t ,950 ,^ -— "~ • O r z / \ > 1 _V o reso ~----J '"' .30 I 35 1.40 SPECIFIC CRAVIT' LEGEND I 1/4 TO V4 INCH J/4 TO Vg INCH 3/6 INCH TO 10 MESH 10 TO 46 MESH -48 MESH l'/4 TO INCH Fig. 9. — Relationship of ash softening temperature to cumulative specific gravity, coals D, K, and F. 30 EFFECT OF PREPARATION ON ASH FUSIBILITY 2 150 ^ f\ U1 JMINE G| Q > ^:- — ^ a. .^"^^ J 1- '^ '1 ' ••••■■■■ l"""" "^^^^^ z ' t- ' ?> 1950 f ...-••■ ^ 30 1.35 SPECinC GRAVITY 2150 _^ y Imine h| a. o / \y < ^ "^T":^ 5 J ""'' ^"^^ , --.•J ^_»- a 5 t- )' }• 1650 ■■••, _.( 30 135 140 SPECIFIC GRAVITY W -^-t [MINE I I '/ 7"-^ V.-- 30 135 SPECIFIC GBAVITI LEGEND I k. TO V* INCH V« TO V» INCH Ve INCH TO 10 MESH 10 TO 48 MESH - 48 MESH I '/4 TO INCH Fig. 10. — Relationshipof ash softening temperature to cumulative specific gravity, coals G, H, and I. OF SELECTED ILLINOIS COALS 31 <_^ Imine j| r> \ ~ ^^^^ < :s ^> .-^.^ ^ .- — — '"^^^-^ — ' s N __....J LEGEND '• • • ^ S Ve INCH TO 10 MESH 4Q MESH SPECIFIC GRAVIT' Fig. 11. — Relationship of ash softening temperature to cumulative specific gravity, coal T.