THE INTER-RELATION OF 
 
 OCIAL MOVEMENTS 
 
 WITH 
 
 INFORMATION ABOUT SIXTY-SEVENS,?^ 
 ORGANIZATIONS S( '*HOQi 
 
 rh 
 
 ■RS- 
 
 F- 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 THE CHARITY ORGANIZATION DEPARTMENT 
 
 OF THE RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION 
 NEW YORK 
 1910 
 
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 THE INTER-RELATION OF 
 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS 
 
 I. THE TREND 
 
 For the purposes of this little pamphlet the term 
 “social movement” is used arbitrarily. Political, trade 
 and learned societies have been excluded, and religious 
 organizations (except those that had primarily a social 
 aim) and movements confining their operations to one 
 or two states also have been excluded. This leaves 
 a number of propagandist bodies, some of which are 
 the national development of local movements and 
 others of w r hich are organized “from the top down”; 
 it leaves, too, the annual conferences and conventions 
 of social workers. To such of these remaining bodies 
 as seemed to have social betterment for their chief aim 
 a circular letter has been sent asking for a brief state¬ 
 ment of their purposes and plans. Some have not re¬ 
 sponded, so that even within its limitations the pub¬ 
 lished list beginning on page II is not complete. 
 
 In preparing this list and this introduction, the aim 
 has been to promote acquaintance, and to make a few 
 practical suggestions about the details of working to¬ 
 gether. 
 
 It may be worth while to turn aside for a moment, 
 however, and note the trend of development as shown 
 by the dates of organization of the sixty-seven agencies 
 that have responded. If, as President Butler says, 
 such voluntary organizations as these have a great in¬ 
 fluence upon American life, if they are no small factor 
 in building up “a common national consciousness and 
 a common national interest,” then the order of their 
 appearance, even in this partial list, is worth noting. 
 The following table shows this order by decades. The 
 exact year of organization will be found in the printed 
 list immediately after the title of each agency. 
 
 i 
 
Table Showing the Dates of Organizations Herein Listed 
 
 Organized in the 
 
 40’s 
 
 50’s 
 
 60’s 
 
 70’s 
 
 80’s 
 
 90’s 
 
 1900’s 
 
 Total 
 
 I. Social Service 
 
 (general) . • . 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 II. Children .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 III. Education . . . 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 IV. Health. 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 V. Industry .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 VI. Immigration. . - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 VII. Religion with So¬ 
 cial Aim .» . . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 VIII. Temperance. . . 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 . . 
 
 2 
 
 IX. Prison Reform . . 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 X. City Problems. . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 39 
 
 67 
 
 After the order in which these movements have 
 emerged, the most striking fact in the table is the trebly 
 accelerated activity of the last ten years. The oldest 
 organization is an association of alienists; in the '50’s 
 comes an educational association; then the Society of 
 St. Vincent de Paul ; then, in the ’70's, marked national 
 activity becomes apparent, and the W. C. T. U., the 
 International Y. M. C. A., the National Conference 
 of Charities, and the Prison Association all belong in 
 this decade. Except for two organizations started for 
 the promotion of social and industrial welfare by the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church and for the American 
 Red Cross, there is nothing in the '8o's. It was a 
 period of great organizing activity, following as it did 
 close upon the Centennial, but this activity seems to 
 have been intensely local. Children's charities, women's 
 clubs, charity organization societies, and many other 
 co-operative efforts were multiplying themselves, but 
 none of these had yet found national expression. The 
 '90's brought social settlements, civic betterment asso¬ 
 ciations, and the first movements for the regulation of 
 industry and of immigration. And now, from 1900 
 on, we have a host of new movements; the rights 
 of childhood are rediscovered in detail, the great wave 
 of interest in public health finds expression, the Chris¬ 
 tian church organizes for social work, and the most 
 
characteristic note of the time is struck by the crusades 
 against the preventable causes of poverty, such as child 
 labor, overcrowding and tuberculosis. 
 
 II. THE INEVITABLE NEXT STEP 
 
 The problems of society have been broken up in 
 order to deal with them more effectively. We are pass¬ 
 ing at the moment through a period of social analysis 
 and specialization. Every fact, every tendency suggests 
 the next step. Throughout the whole field of social 
 reform we need, not organic union, but an exchange 
 of insights which, correcting and supplementing one 
 another, may not only enlarge our conception of the 
 whole but may greatly enrich social work in all its 
 parts by the co-operative working out of effective and 
 significant details. In other words, we need, while the 
 process of specialization still goes forward, a synthesis, 
 a linking together of specialties. 
 
 To say that social movements should be related is to 
 make one of those self-evident statements which deaden 
 all the mental faculties; without the concrete details, 
 the definite process, no sane being can be brought to 
 think about the matter. 
 
 By way of developing these details, more especially 
 on the field-work side, seventeen of the national organi¬ 
 zations herein listed are sending representatives to an 
 informal luncheon meeting twice a year. There are 
 one hundred and seventeen field agents in the employ 
 of these seventeen agencies. They travel all over the 
 country, doing organizing and propagandist work of 
 many kinds. This is not the place in which to con¬ 
 sider the technical side of their efforts to help one 
 another, though it was at one of these luncheons of 
 national movements that the publication of this pam¬ 
 phlet was suggested. 
 
 The local side of the inter-relation of social move¬ 
 ments obviously is the side to be dwelt upon here. In 
 many places the local women’s clubs and settlements, 
 the local Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., charity organiza¬ 
 tion society, church charities, health crusade, play¬ 
 grounds, boys’ clubs and working girls’ clubs, public de- 
 
 3 
 
partments, children's charities and juvenile court are all 
 working out the problem of their relations to one an¬ 
 other with intelligence and devotion, but in other 
 places, and these, too, are many, their co-operation is 
 still so rudimentary 7 as to be not unlike the movements 
 of the giant of fable. He was a stupid giant often, 
 who used his splendid strength wastefully, whose eye 
 was always saying to his hand, “I have no need of 
 thee," and his head to his feet, “I have no need of 
 you." A course of exercises in such a place, intended 
 to co-ordinate the local philanthropic giant’s members, 
 might include 
 
 1. A know-your-own-city program. 
 
 2 . A better utilization of volunteers in social work. 
 
 3. A strengthening of each agency in turn at the 
 point where its work intersects the work of some other 
 important social activity. 
 
 4. A study of each local organization in relation 
 to the ideals and achievements of its national prototype. 
 
 III. KNOW YOUR OWN CITY 
 
 Co-operation abhors a vacuum. Here is a list of 
 the social facts with reference to his own city or town 
 that each student in the Charity Organization Insti¬ 
 tute of the New York School of Philanthropy has 
 been asked to bring to the School, when he attends 
 the four weeks’ normal course in June. Some of these 
 questions were framed to test the powers of observa¬ 
 tion and deduction of students all of whom are now 
 actively engaged in charity organization work, but, 
 with few changes, the outline might serve as the be¬ 
 ginning of a local study for many other kinds of social 
 workers. At first it may seem going far afield to ask 
 one whose work is the relief of distress and the co¬ 
 ordination of charitable work to consider infant mor¬ 
 tality, the growth of the foreign population, and the 
 seasonal character of local industries, but, as a matter of 
 fact, he may easily need to know all these things in 
 order to deal more justly and more helpfully with just 
 one destitute Lithuanian peasant woman. And he will 
 find a knowledge of the local needs in the fields of 
 
 4 
 
recreation, housing, and tuberculosis very necessary in 
 any effort to co-operate with the agencies that are try¬ 
 ing to meet these needs. 
 
 Social Outline 
 
 I. POPULATION 
 
 a. Population at last United States Census. 
 
 b. Your estimate of the increase which the forthcoming 
 
 census will show. 
 
 c. What foreign elements did the last census show and 
 
 in what proportion for each nationality? 
 
 d. Will there be any marked changes in these proportions 
 
 in the 1910 census? 
 
 e. What forces are Americanizing your foreign groups? 
 
 II. LOCATION 
 
 What geographical or climatic conditions are, in your 
 opinion, important factors in the social situation? 
 
 III. INDUSTRIES 
 
 a. What is the total per capita wealth? 
 
 b. What are the leading industries? 
 
 c. What relations do these have to your poverty problem? 
 
 d. What are the wages in these industries for unskilled 
 
 labor and what proportion of those employed are un¬ 
 skilled ? 
 
 e. To what extent are these industries seasonal? 
 
 f. What is the relative proportion of women employed? 
 
 g. Of children employed? 
 
 h. In what proportion are the proprietors or chief corpo¬ 
 
 ration officers of large industrial plants residents and 
 non-residents? 
 
 IV. HEALTH 
 
 a. What are the powers of the Board of Health? 
 
 b. What is the death rate? 
 
 c. What is the death rate for children under one year? 
 
 Or for those under five, if the other figure is not 
 obtainable? 
 
 d. What is the tuberculosis death rate? 
 
 e. What are the ordinances regulating sewage connection 
 
 and water supply? 
 
 f. What is the tuberculosis situation? 
 
 g. What is the housing situation? 
 
 V. CONDITIONS SURROUNDING CHILDREN 
 
 a. What are the state laws governing school attendance 
 
 and child labor, and how well are these enforced? 
 
 b. What are the types of amusement for the young? De¬ 
 
 scribe the playground situation. 
 
 c. How are juvenile delinquents dealt with? 
 
 d. Has any progress been made in the socialisation of the 
 
 public school? 
 
 5 
 
VI. CHARITIES 
 
 a. What social tasks has private charity undertaken in 
 
 your community? 
 
 b. Describe the local relief situation both public and pri¬ 
 
 vate. 
 
 c. What definite relations do your charities have to one 
 
 another? 
 
 d. What is the attitude of your commercial bodies toward 
 
 social work? 
 
 e. What is the attitude of the churches? 
 
 f. Of the newspapers? 
 
 g. Of the city officials? 
 
 Some of this information can be had from the United 
 States Census, some can be supplied by city and state 
 officials, and some must be sought from business men 
 and individual social workers. The Playground Asso¬ 
 ciation (see page 17) can supply an outline of facts 
 needed to test the local playground situation, and in 
 Mr. Lawrence Veiller’s new book on “Housing Re¬ 
 form” will be found the details needed for a study of 
 local housing situations. It is not necessary to wait 
 until a complete social survey has been made of a com¬ 
 munity before trying to secure such an outline as is 
 here given, though it is true that a complete survey, 
 especially one in which there is a co-operative gathering 
 of the facts, is not only a splendid exercise in working 
 together but also a good basis for all future relations. 
 
 IV. UTILIZE THE VOLUNTEER 
 
 The fabric of social reform becomes a more service¬ 
 able piece of goods when we multiply our points of 
 contact; we multiply our points of contact when we 
 utilize the volunteer service of many kinds of people. 
 Merely to induce a number of people to see bad living 
 conditions with their own eyes and to feel some fellow¬ 
 ship with those who must endure such conditions, is 
 to take a long step toward finding a remedy. The 
 writer once found amusing confirmation of this theory 
 of the multiplication of contacts when she discovered 
 that the president of a very unco-operative agency had 
 suddenly been converted to full acceptance of the char¬ 
 ity organization program by a young cousin who had 
 only very recently become a volunteer visitor of the local 
 
 6 
 
charity organization society. Arguments had been of 
 no avail, but the enthusiasm of a cousin and of a first 
 cousin at that had been more effective. 
 
 The system of sending to families in distress volun¬ 
 teer friendly visitors, provided always that these have 
 the guidance of experienced charity organization work¬ 
 ers, is an admirable means of introduction to social 
 work; so is volunteer work in settlements. A Social 
 Seminar which meets at one of the Buffalo churches 
 has been making good use of volunteers in its study 
 of local social conditions. Each topic is assigned to 
 a separate group of volunteer investigators, working 
 under a group leader, who is responsible for one Semi¬ 
 nar meeting during the year. Of the twelve group 
 leaders, two are clergymen of different faiths, four 
 are professional social workers, four are business or 
 professional men, two are women volunteers. Only 
 a small part of the material collected could be pre¬ 
 sented at the Seminar, but it has been utilized in other 
 ways. The topics covered this year were as follows: 
 
 1. Discussion of map showing the distribution of races 
 
 and religions, and the location of the railroads and 
 
 factories, of parks and playgrounds, of settlements 
 
 and missions, of saloons, etc. 
 
 2 . Education—Public, parochial, technical and night 
 
 schools. 
 
 3. Recreation—Social clubs, saloons, cheap theatres, parks, 
 
 playgrounds, etc. 
 
 4. The Poles—Their occupations, wages, housing, stand= 
 
 ards of living, citizenship, etc. 
 
 5. Other Nationalities—The Germans, Italians, Syrians, 
 
 Greeks, etc. 
 
 6. Labor of Women and Children. 
 
 7. Labor in Mercantile Establishments—Wages, hours, 
 
 welfare work, sweatshops, etc. 
 
 8. Labor in Factories—Wages, hours, accidents, occupa¬ 
 
 tional diseases, etc. 
 
 9. Local Labor Unions—What they stand for, and what 
 
 they are doing. 
 
 10. The Decencies which a Laborer’s Wage in Buffalo 
 
 Forbids. 
 
 11. The Forces which Make for Americanization and the 
 
 Forces which Hamper it. 
 
 12. The Church as a Social Factor in Buffalo. 
 
 7 
 
There are many other ways, some of them still to 
 be worked out, by which the churches may avail them¬ 
 selves of the method and experience of the specialized 
 secular agencies, and by which the secular agencies, in 
 turn, may avail themselves of the church’s power to 
 kindle right motives and generous impulses. 
 
 Closely related to the development of volunteer serv¬ 
 ice is the development of a high standard of trained 
 professional service in social work. Other things being 
 equal, volunteers are best won and best helped to a 
 fine ideal of democratic service in those agencies which 
 employ thoroughly well-trained paid workers. At the 
 informal conferences of paid secretaries and national 
 organizers already referred to there is but one opinion 
 about this: All are agreed that it is far better to or¬ 
 ganize in each locality more slowly, to wait some 
 months or even a year or two until moral and finan¬ 
 cial support is sufficiently assured to attract and hold 
 the best procurable trained worker in the country. The 
 right man not only knows how to study the local situ¬ 
 ation as a whole, and not only attracts volunteers, but 
 he renders the highest possible service in strengthening 
 the relations of local agencies to one another. 
 
 V. DEVELOP AT THE POINT OF INTERSECTION 
 
 Another way of strengthening the whole fabric of 
 social reform is to study our own work carefully at its 
 point of intersection with some other useful form of 
 service, and then do our utmost to strengthen it just 
 there. By making ourselves as useful as possible at 
 this point, or at these points, we strengthen our own 
 agency. We realize our own aim best in serving some 
 other but related social aim. When a charity organi¬ 
 zation society assumes new burdens in order to render 
 the enforcement of a new child labor law possible, it 
 strengthens its own work even more than it strengthens 
 the child labor cause, because its workers learn to deal 
 with a large group of needy families more thoroughly, 
 its directors get a clearer idea of the work’s impor¬ 
 tance to the community, and the community is more 
 willing to turn to it for guidance and to give it sup* 
 
port in other social advance measures. When a play¬ 
 ground management is careful to make connection for 
 its graduates with the appropriate clubs and classes, it 
 gives the community a better playground. When a re¬ 
 lief agency is willing to meet the tuberculosis nurses 
 more than half way in planning aid that will really 
 cure the disease, it gains a kind of experience that 
 reacts favorably upon all its work. 
 
 Sometimes specialists wear blinders. A tuberculosis 
 specialist who was remonstrated with for permitting 
 families to send their children during school hours to 
 a milk station under his control, excused himself on 
 the ground that children from such germ-laden homes 
 were far better off out of school. Obviously here was 
 one whose frame of mind was calculated to alienate 
 the interest of educators in all his health policies, some 
 of which were admirable. He missed also that better 
 and saner view of his own work which comes from a 
 willingness to study the vrork of others with sym¬ 
 pathy. A German psychologist tells us that we learn 
 to skate in the summer and to swim in the winter. 
 This is not only sound psychology, it is sound social 
 reform. 
 
 VI. STUDY THE NATIONAL PROTOTYPE 
 
 One of the field workers around the table suggested 
 that too often we misjudge a whole social movement 
 by the one unfortunate local example that we happen 
 to know best. We should know such work at its best, 
 studying, through correspondence with the national 
 headquarters, achievements elsewhere and practicable 
 plans for further development. In the light of this 
 knowledge we shall be better prepared to improve the 
 local situation. Our social ideas, to paraphrase George 
 Eliot, are like melodies, which are taken up by all 
 sorts of instruments, “some of them woefully coarse, 
 feeble or out of tune, until people are in danger of 
 crying out that the melody itself is detestable.” We 
 must cultivate a pretty wide tolerance, indeed, not only 
 for the instruments but for the ideas. 
 
 9 
 
VII. A SOCIAL SYNTHESIS 
 
 We need the specialties and many of them, though 
 the rapidity of their recent development in the field 
 of social work is only equalled by their development 
 in the field of medicine. They have greatly enriched 
 the field already and will enrich it still more when we 
 learn to use them more intelligently. But is their 
 more co-operative development impossible? When we 
 try to rehabilitate a family we have learned that, first, 
 the circumstances must be understood, and that then 
 all who are interested in their fortunes must work to¬ 
 gether, on a plan co-operatively thought out, to get the 
 thing done which will put them on their feet. Could 
 not our social movements agree, in time, to deal with 
 the needs of communities in this same way? Could 
 they not agree to make a social diagnosis and then de¬ 
 cide together upon the next thing that most needed to 
 be done in that particular place? 
 
 There is a logical order of social development, and 
 many organizations die because they are born out of 
 due season. Overstimulation of any particular social 
 activity by a campaign of publicity which is not care¬ 
 fully followed up by personal field work and by a series 
 of delicate adjustments to local needs, increases this 
 death rate. We ought, as time goes on, and our social 
 work becomes even more highly specialized than it is 
 now, to build up a social synthesis, a careful technique 
 of inter-relations, involving much more careful prepa¬ 
 ration of the ground for both our legislative and our 
 field operations, and then a generous making way for 
 one another, a hearty lending a hand to one another 
 for the sake of the harvest. 
 
 MARY E. RICHMOND. 
 
A LIST OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS 
 
 exclusive of political organizations, religious bodies (except 
 those having primarily a social aim) and learned societies; 
 exclusive also of movements confining their operations to one 
 or two states. Even within these limits the list is not com¬ 
 plete, and the inclusion of a movement does not indicate espe¬ 
 cial commendation or its omission any criticism. An omission 
 sometimes means that the desired information was not re¬ 
 
 ceived in time to be included. 
 
 I. Social Service (general) . n 
 
 II. Children . 15 
 
 III. Education . 18 
 
 IV. Health . 19 
 
 V. Industry . 23 
 
 VI. Immigration . 25 
 
 VII. Religion With a Social Aim . 26 
 
 VIII. Temperance . 30 
 
 IX. Prison Reform. 30 
 
 X. City Problems . 31 
 
 See also index at end of this pamphlet. 
 
 I. SOCIAL SERVICE (GENERAL). 
 
 American Institute of Social Service (1898). Bible 
 House, Astor Place, New York City, Dr. Josiah Strong, 
 President. Purpose: To serve as a clearing house for facts, 
 experiences and ideas on social and industrial betterment. 
 Plans: To create a museum of municipal facts and photo¬ 
 graphs, and a museum of the laws of all countries touching 
 social problems. Those interested may consult its large 
 specialized library and its department of expert information, 
 and may borrow books and documents so far as the library 
 contains duplicates. The Institute has several thousand nega¬ 
 tives of social subjects from which lantern slides may be 
 made to order, conducts a lectureship on social subjects, ar¬ 
 ranges for special investigations, prepares bibliographies, 
 and has five hundred classes in the United States and Canada 
 on social questions. All its services are free except special 
 investigation. 
 
 11 
 
American National Red Cross (1881 re-organized 1905). 
 Ernest P. Bicknell, National Director, Union Trust Building, 
 Washington, D. C. ; Charles L. Magee, 341 State, War and 
 Navy Building, Secretary. Purpose: To furnish aid to 
 the sick and wounded of armies in time of w r ar; to carry 
 on in time of peace a system of national and international 
 relief for those suffering from pestilence, famine, fire, flood 
 and other national calamities, and to devise and carry on 
 measures for preventing the same. Plans: To complete an 
 effective organization for the realization of these objects. Has 
 twenty-four subsidiary state boards. Annual meeting in Wash¬ 
 ington in December. Publishes leaflets describing the work of 
 the Red Cross and the Red Cross Bulletin, a quarterly maga¬ 
 zine. 
 
 Charity Organization Department of the Russell 
 Sage Foundation (1909). Room 613, 105 E. Twenty- 
 second Street, New York City, Miss Mary E. Richmond, 
 Director. Purpose: To extend charity organization work in 
 communities where it has not yet taken root and in com¬ 
 munities desiring to increase its local efficiency; to gather up 
 the best experience of existing associated charities or charity 
 organization societies and give it currency. Plans: Corre¬ 
 spondence with any community interested; field secretary sent, 
 whenever possible, to make a brief social inquiry as to local 
 conditions and secure local co-operation; report of findings 
 submitted; form of organization or reorganization suggested 
 and service given in working it out; trained worker recom¬ 
 mended on request. Inter-city conferences of societies 
 have been organized; use of a transportation agreement and 
 code, to assure kinder and more adequate care of the transient 
 poor, is being urged upon all public and private charities; 
 a study of the methods of caring for dependent widows with 
 children is under way; a summer institute for paid charity 
 organization wmrkers is to be held in co-operation with the 
 New York School of Philanthropy. There are two hundred 
 and thirty-three charity organization societies in America. 
 Any other movement that can lend them a hand in furthering 
 the working together spirit in their several communities will 
 often find that its own special aims can be advanced by these 
 societies. The Department publishes a number of pamphlets, 
 
 13 
 
a transportation code, and a monthly Charity Organization 
 Bulletin for the use of charity organization workers in de¬ 
 veloping a good technique. 
 
 Council of Jewish Women (1893). 44$ Central Park 
 
 West, New York City, Miss Sadie American, Executive Secre¬ 
 tary. Purpose: To bring about a union of Jewish women 
 for conference and work; to further united efforts in be¬ 
 half of Judaism and in the work of social betterment through 
 religion, philanthropy and education. Plans: To extend its 
 work on the blind, immigrant aid and hospital service. Other 
 departments are work for girls, district nursing, tuberculosis, 
 education, peace, religious study, purity of press. Invites 
 correspondence on all these lines. Organized in fifty-seven 
 cities and twenty-six states. Triennial convention in 1911. 
 Publishes bulletins and leaflets. 
 
 General Federation of Women’s Clubs (1890). Mrs. 
 P. N. Moore, 3125 Lafayette Ave., St. Louis, Mo., President. 
 Purpose: To bring into communication the various women’s 
 clubs. It works under the following standing committees: 
 Art, civic, civil service, reform, education, food, sanita¬ 
 tion, forestry, household economics, industrial and child labor, 
 legislative, library and literature. Invites correspondence and 
 offers co-operative effort on standing committee topics. There 
 are forty-eight state federations. Biennial meeting, last one 
 in Cincinnati, O., May 10-18, 1910. 
 
 National Conference of Charities and Correction 
 (1874). Alexander Johnson, Fort Wayne, Ind., General 
 Secretary. Purpose: To diffuse trustworthy information and 
 stimulate right sentiment on the many difficult problems of 
 charity and correction by holding public meetings in various 
 cities throughout the country. The conference is divided into 
 a number of sections covering topics which vary somewhat 
 from year to year. The sections for 1910 are on reports from 
 states; state supervision and administration; families and 
 neighborhoods; the school and the community; children; 
 health and sanitation; occupational standards; lawbreakers; 
 publicity; statistics; remedial loans. Annual conference usu¬ 
 ally in May or June. The proceedings of these conferences 
 
 13 
 
for the last thirty-six years form an American encyclopedia 
 of social reform. A number of other smaller conferences 
 usually meet in the same city just before or immediately after 
 the Conference of Charities. 
 
 National Conference of Jewish Charities (1900). 411 
 West Fayette Street, Baltimore, Md., Louis H. Levin, Secretary. 
 Purpose: To discuss the problems of charities and to promote 
 reforms in their administration; to provide uniformity of ac¬ 
 tion and co-operation in all matters pertaining to the relief 
 and betterment of the Jewish poor, especially in regard to 
 furnishing transportation to dependent individuals and fam¬ 
 ilies. Constituent societies in nearly one hundred cities. 
 Annual conference usually in May and often in the same city 
 as the National Conference of Charities and Correction 
 (see page 13). 
 
 National Federation of Remedial Loan Societies 
 (1909). W. N. Finley, 9 E. Lexington Street, Baltimore, Md., 
 Chairman. Purpose: To promote remedial loan work; to as¬ 
 sist in the organization of societies wherever needed by giving 
 advice and information concerning legislation, finance and 
 problems of administration; to compel, by the voluntary as¬ 
 sociation of all in sympathy with the movement, recognition 
 of the laws regulating chattel, salary and pawning loans. 
 Fourteen societies are members. Annual meeting in connec¬ 
 tion with the National Conference of Charities and Correction 
 (see page 13). Publishes report of proceedings of 1909 con¬ 
 ference. 
 
 Russell Sage Foundation (1907). Room 511, 105 E. 
 Twenty-second Street, New York City, John M. Glenn, Gen¬ 
 eral Director. Purpose: To improve social and living con¬ 
 ditions in the United States of America; to conduct researches 
 and campaigns of education, publish studies and organize 
 benevolent activities that have this end in view. Department 
 of Child-Helping (see page 15), Department of Child Hy¬ 
 giene (see page 16), Charity Organization Department (see 
 page 12), Committee on the Prevention of Blindness (see page 
 21). Among other activities, finances departments of re- 
 
search in four schools of philanthropy, and housing tu¬ 
 berculosis and remedial loan campaigns. Financed the 
 Pittsburg Survey. Publishes a number of volumes on so¬ 
 cial conditions; for particulars of these address Charities Pub¬ 
 lication Committee, 105 E. Twenty-second Street, New York 
 City. 
 
 Survey Magazine (1905). 105 E. Twenty-second Street, 
 
 New York City, Edward T. Devine, Editor. Purpose: To 
 act as a medium for exchange of views and experience by 
 social workers; to interpret social work to the public and 
 awaken public interest in the social view point. Plans: To 
 accomplish this by publishing the Survey magazine and the 
 books and reports of the Russell Sage Foundation, by distri¬ 
 bution of literature on social subjects, and by a press service 
 which reaches the general public through magazines and 
 newspapers. In specific cases it stirs other bodies into action 
 in promoting the common welfare. The Survey has sub¬ 
 scribers in every state; its press service reaches one hundred 
 newspapers in one hundred of our largest cities. It invites 
 correspondence on all social subjects, and will supply, on 
 request, lists of books for working libraries on social and civic 
 reform and public health. 
 
 II. CHILDREN. 
 
 Chi!d=Helping Department of the Russell Sage 
 Foundation (1909). Room 616, 105 E. Twenty-second Street, 
 New York City, Hastings H. Hart, Director. Purpose: To 
 undertake certain lines of work in the child-helping field; to 
 furnish advice in the improvement of existing child-helping 
 agencies and in the development of new plans. Plans: Studies 
 are being made of child-placing agencies in the United States; 
 of institutional care of children in certain states; of the rela¬ 
 tive advantages of cottage and congregate plan institutions 
 for children; of the care of infants in institutions. The de¬ 
 partment is assisting in the organization of a child-helping 
 conference in Texas and in the work of the Maine Children’s 
 Committee; and is making a survey of the institutions for 
 the care of children in Virginia for the State Board of Char¬ 
 ities of that state. 
 
 15 
 
Children's Conference for Research and Welfare 
 
 (1909). 936 Main Street, Worcester, Mass., Dr. Henry S. 
 
 Curtis, Secretary. Purpose: To promote co-operation among 
 child-helping organizations and to make the results of re¬ 
 search more available for welfare movements. Conference is 
 held annually the first week in July. Publishes prospectus 
 and proceedings. 
 
 Conference on the Education of Backward, Truant, 
 Delinquent and Dependent Children (1904). E. L. Cof- 
 feen, Westboro, Mass., Secretary. Purpose: Mutual helpful¬ 
 ness to those interested in the above-named classes of children. 
 Annual meeting usually in the same city and about the same 
 time as the National Conference of Charities and Correction 
 (see page 13). 
 
 Department of Child Hygiene of the Russell Sage 
 Foundation (1908). Room 9202 Metropolitan Building, 1 
 Madison Avenue, New York City, Dr. Luther H. Gulick, Di¬ 
 rector. Purpose: To conduct researches and promote activ¬ 
 ities favorable to the physical, moral and intellectual welfare 
 of children, especially public recreation and the health and 
 progress of school children. Lines of study and investigation: 
 Public baths, public school athletic leagues, Sunday school 
 athletic leagues, amateurism and athletic control, play festivals 
 and pageants for the celebration of national holidays, folk 
 dancing, wider* use of school plants, medical inspection of 
 schools, progress through the grades, open-air schools, and 
 school feeding. Publishes about seventy articles on these sub¬ 
 jects. Literature, advice, speakers, loan of lantern slides, press 
 material, etc., for local campaigns. 
 
 Federated Boys’ Clubs (1905). 35 Congress Street, Bos¬ 
 ton, Mass., Thomas Chew, President. Purpose: By associa¬ 
 tion of individuals and clubs to promote the work of boys’ 
 clubs and to further the formation of new clubs where needed; 
 to supply men for superintendents; to give advice and furnish 
 literature. Plans: To undertake a larger amount of field 
 work; to establish centers all over the country similar to 
 those recently started in Atlanta, Ga., and Germantown, Pa. 
 Annual conference in June. Publishes a number of folders on 
 this work. 
 
Federation of Day Nurseries (1898). Room 507, 
 105 E. Twenty-second Street, New York City, Mrs. Arthur 
 M. Dodge, President. Purpose: To act as a central bureau 
 for the collection of information in regard to existing day 
 nurseries and for the publication and distribution of literature 
 that would prove helpful to those desiring to start new ones. 
 A conference is held every two or three years. A directory 
 of day nurseries and pamphlets on methods of day nursery 
 work are published. 
 
 National Congress of Mothers (1897). 806 Washington 
 Loan and Trust Building, Washington, D. C., Mrs. James H. 
 McGill, Secretary. Purpose: To raise the standards of home 
 life; to develop wiser, better trained parenthood; to bring 
 into closer relations the home and the school; to secure by 
 legislation juvenile courts and probation officers; to em¬ 
 phasize the community’s duty to children, especially the ne¬ 
 glected and dependent. The Congress holds an annual meet¬ 
 ing and publishes handbooks, leaflets, etc. 
 
 National Probation Officers’ Association (1907). 
 Roger N. Baldwin, City Hall, St. Louis, Mo., Secretary. Pur¬ 
 pose: To nationalize the interest in probation and to unify 
 its methods. An annual informal conference is held at the 
 time of the National Conference of Charities and Correction 
 (see page 13). A handbook is to be issued shortly. 
 
 Playground Association of America (1906). 1 Madi¬ 
 
 son Avenue, New York City, H. S. Braucher, Secretary. 
 Purpose: To increase the efficiency of playgrounds already 
 established and to establish playgrounds on the right basis 
 in cities and towns not having them, that eventually every 
 citizen shall have an opportunity for wholesome recreation. 
 It offers personal consultation and advice; provides speakers 
 and arranges for local institutes; publishes lists of persons 
 desiring playground positions; makes statistics and experiences 
 of various cities available; loans lantern slides and play¬ 
 ground models; prepares bibliographies, etc. Publishes a 
 magazine, The Playground, and pamphlets, including “A 
 Normal Course in Play,” sold at cost. An annual congress 
 is held, this year (1910) in June. 
 
 17 
 
III. EDUCATION. 
 
 American Association of Instructors of the Blind 
 (1871). Dr. William B. Wait, New York Institute for the 
 Blind, New York City, Corresponding Secretary. Purpose: 
 To promote the educational interests of the blind. The As¬ 
 sociation is composed chiefly of trustees, superintendents and 
 teachers from institutions for the blind. It is a member of 
 the National Education Association in Department 16, Special 
 Education. Holds biennial meetings, generally in July. 
 
 National Education Association (1857). 118 W. Wa¬ 
 
 basha Street, Winona, Minn., Irwin Shepard, Secretary. Pur¬ 
 pose: To elevate the character and advance the interests 
 of the profession of teaching, and to promote the cause of 
 popular education in the United States. The Association is 
 divided into eighteen departments, as follows: National 
 council, kindergarten, elementary, secondary, higher, normal, 
 superintendence, manual and art, music, business, child-study, 
 physical, science, school administration, library, special, rural 
 and agricultural, school patrons. Annual meeting in July. 
 
 National Society for Study of Education (1895). 
 S. Chester Parker, Secretary, University of Chicago, Chicago, 
 Ill. Purpose: To study and investigate important educational 
 problems. Plans: To continue investigation of a special 
 problem each year. In 1909 it was Sex in Education, in 1910 
 Health Education, in 1911 (probably) Organized Social and 
 Community Activities centering in Use of School. Annual 
 meeting at time and place of Superintendent’s Section of the 
 National Education Association (see above). 
 
 National Society for the Promotion of Industrial 
 Education (1906). 20 W. Forty-fourth Street, New York 
 
 City, Edward H. Reisner, Secretary. Purpose: To arouse 
 public attention to the need for industrial education; to serve 
 as a forum for the discussion of various problems involved, 
 and to print and distribute studies of special phases of the sub¬ 
 ject. Thirty states represented by branches or committees. 
 The society desires co-operation in state and municipal legis¬ 
 lation and will supply literature. Annual convention in 
 November. Publishes a bulletin. 
 
 18 
 
Negro Rural School Fund, Anna T, Jeanes Foun¬ 
 dation (1908), 571 Audubon Street, New Orleans, La., 
 
 James H. Dillard, President. Purpose: The improvement of 
 negro rural schools. Plans: (1) To supply the salary for 
 a supervisory industrial teacher working in co-operation with 
 the county superintendent of schools; (2) to locate a teacher 
 at some central school who shall also extend the industrial 
 work and supervision to neighboring schools; (3) to put what 
 is known as an organizer into a county, who shall go out 
 among the people and encourage them to school improvement 
 and school term extension. One hundred and forty-nine 
 workers have been employed under one or another of these 
 three plans. Correspondence is invited on simple and inex¬ 
 pensive manual work suitable for boys. 
 
 Southern Education Board (1901). Union Trust Build¬ 
 ing, Washington, D. C., Wickliffe Rose, Executive Secretary. 
 Purpose: Educational work in the southern states. Plans: 
 For the immediate future, improvement of rural schools. 
 Publishes proceedings of its conferences. 
 
 IV. HEALTH. 
 
 American Academy of Medicine (1876). Dr. Charles 
 Mclntire, 52 N. Fourth Street, Easton, Pa., Secretary. Pur¬ 
 pose: The study of social medicine or the sociological prob¬ 
 lems having medical factors. Annual meeting usually in 
 June. Also holds midyear meeting at time fixed by committee 
 in charge. 
 
 American Association for Study and Prevention of 
 Infant Mortality (1909). Dr. J. H. Mason Knox, Jr., Johns 
 Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Md., President. Purpose: 
 The study of infant mortality in all its relations, the dis¬ 
 semination of knowledge concerning its causes and prevention, 
 and the encouragement of methods for its prevention. It con¬ 
 ducts personal correspondence, distributes literature, forms 
 local associations and holds public meetings. Plans: To make 
 special study of birth registration. The association would 
 like to have the benefit of inquiries and experiences along the 
 lines of birth registration, milk stations, consultations of 
 nurslings, and co-operation in educating public opinion. The 
 first conference was held November, 1909. Publishes leaflets. 
 
 19 
 
American Association for the Study of the Feeble- 
 Minded (iS76). Faribault, Minn., Dr. A. C. Rogers, Secre¬ 
 tary. Purpose: To discuss all questions relating to the causes 
 of feeble-mindedness and the condition of the feeble-minded; 
 to consider their management, training and education, and 
 lend influence toward the establishment of institutions for 
 their care. Membership composed chiefly of those engaged 
 in the care and training of the feeble-minded in the various 
 states but open to all interested. Annual conference held 
 usually at one of the state institutions for the feeble-minded 
 in the month of May or June. Publishes a quarterly Journal 
 of Psycho-Asthenics. 
 
 American Medical Association (1847). 535 Dearborn 
 
 Avenue, Chicago, Ill., Dr. G. H. Simmons, General Secretary. 
 Purpose: To promote the science and art of medicine and to 
 endeavor to unite in one compact organization the medical 
 profession of the United States for the purpose of fostering 
 the growth and diffusion of medical knowledge. Meets an¬ 
 nually, sometime in the summer. Publishes weekly The 
 Journal of the American Medical Association. 
 
 American Medico=Psyetiological Association (1844). 
 Dr. Charles G. Wagner, Binghamton, N. Y., Secretary-treas¬ 
 urer. Purpose: The discussion of medical topics, chiefly re¬ 
 lating to the care of the insane. Annual meeting, May 3-6, 
 1910, Washington, D. C. Publishes transactions, including 
 papers read at annual meetings. 
 
 American Public Health Association (1872). Dr. 
 William C. Woodward, 1766 Lanier Place, Washington, D. C., 
 Secretary. Purpose: The development and advancement of 
 public hygiene; the correlation of principles and practice; and 
 the promotion of public hygiene as a distinct profession. At 
 present (1910) has a laboratory section, section on vital 
 statistics, and section of municipal health officers. Member¬ 
 ship also in Canada, Mexico and Cuba. Annual meeting 
 in the autumn. 
 
 American Purity Alliance (1874). 156 Fifth Avenue, 
 
 New York City, Miss Elizabeth Stover, Secretary. Purpose: 
 Moral education, social hygiene. Plans: Arrangement of a 
 
 20 
 
model course of study for teachers’ training schools. A spe¬ 
 cialized library on sex hygiene at the service of those inter¬ 
 ested. Annual meeting between February and May. In¬ 
 vites correspondence. Publishes leaflets on moral education, 
 also a bibliography. 
 
 American Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis 
 (1905). Dr. Prince A. Morrow, 66 W. Fortieth Street, New 
 York City, President. Purpose: To limit the spread of dis¬ 
 eases wdiich have their origin in the social evil; to study 
 every means, sanitary, moral and administrative, which 
 promises to be effective for this purpose. Plans: To establish 
 a journal; to extend the work along educational lines, espe¬ 
 cially by the distribution of educational pamphlets. There 
 are fifteen state and local societies. The first general meeting 
 of these will be held in St. Louis, June 10, 1910. A number 
 of pamphlets for sale at cost. 
 
 Committee of One Hundred (of the American As=* 
 sociation for the Advancement of Science) on National 
 Health (1907). Drawer 45, New Haven, Conn., Prof. Irving 
 Fisher, President. Purpose: To establish in Washington a 
 National Department of Health; to educate public opinion 
 in health matters and further health legislation. It works 
 toward this end by pamphlet, newspaper and magazine pub¬ 
 licity, having distributed nearly a million pieces of mail 
 matter alone. The Committee through co-operation with 
 health and labor organizations has aided legislation in states 
 and has effected the insertion of health planks in both na¬ 
 tional party platforms; and has stirred insurance companies 
 to enter the field of public health. 
 
 Committee on Prevention of Blindness of the Rus= 
 sell Sage Foundation (1908). 105 E. Twenty-second Street, 
 New York City, Samuel E. Eliot, Secretary. Purpose: To 
 conduct a national campaign for the prevention of blindness; 
 to ascertain the direct causes of preventable blindness and to 
 take such measures in co-operation with the medical profes¬ 
 sion and others as shall lead to the elimination of such causes. 
 Plans: To disseminate information through publications, ex¬ 
 hibits, addresses and correspondence. 
 
 21 
 
National Association for the Study and Prevention 
 of Tuberculosis (1904). 105 E. Twenty-second Street, New 
 York City, Dr. Livingston Farrand, Secretary. Purpose: To 
 study tuberculosis in all its forms and relations; to disseminate 
 knowledge concerning it; to encourage its prevention and 
 scientific treatment. Plans: In the immediate future, active 
 field campaign with traveling exhibits in North and South 
 Carolina, Colorado, Oklahoma and Arkansas. Assistance 
 given in organizing new work; extension of press and pub¬ 
 licity bureau; compilation of another tuberculosis directory; 
 investigation of cost of maintenance in sanatoria and of 
 mortality from tuberculosis in municipalities; extension of 
 bureau of information on sanatorium and hospital construc¬ 
 tion. The Association desires to be kept informed of de¬ 
 velopments in its field in various communities and in return 
 will co-operate along the lines of tuberculosis prevention in 
 any way. It also invites correspondence on methods of con¬ 
 ducting national propaganda, of press and publicity work, and 
 the cost of various branches of work. There are thirty-four 
 state associations. Publishes a number of pamphlets. 
 
 National Association for the Study of Epilepsy and 
 the Care and Treatment of Epileptics (1901). Dr. J. F. 
 Munson, Sonyea, N. Y., Secretary-treasurer. Purpose: To 
 stimulate interest in epilepsy and epileptics along social and 
 medical lines, especially to advocate public care in separate 
 institutions where research may be carried out. Annual con¬ 
 ference in the spring. 
 
 National Vigilance Committee (1906). 156 Fifth 
 
 Avenue, New York City, Miss Elizabeth Stover, Secretary. 
 Purpose: The protection of women and girls and the suppres¬ 
 sion of the white slave traffic. Plans: To prepare bills on 
 these subjects for legislatures which meet next year, and form 
 groups in each state to push them through; to collate the laws 
 of each state relating to crimes against chastity; to investigate 
 the regulation of vice in one hundred cities. It asks co-opera¬ 
 tion in passing and enforcing adequate laws. Has a reference 
 library. Publishes leaflets and a monthly periodical, Vigilance. 
 
 Rockefeller Sanitary Commission (1909). Union Trust 
 Building, Washington, D. C., Wickliffe Rose, Administrative 
 
 22 
 
Secretary. Purpose: The eradication of the hookworm disease. 
 Plans: To organize all health and educational forces in the 
 southern states to this end. 
 
 V. INDUSTRY. 
 
 American Association for Labor Legislation (1906). 
 1 Madison Avenue, New York City, John B. Andrews, Secre¬ 
 tary. Purpose: To investigate conditions underlying labor 
 legislation and to collect and disseminate information leading 
 to greater care and uniformity in such legislation. Plans: To 
 publish summaries of labor legislation immediately after state 
 legislatures adjourn; to disseminate widely information con¬ 
 cerning the legislative aspects of industrial education, women’s 
 work, child labor, administration of labor laws, employers’ 
 liability, workmen’s compensation, occupational diseases, un¬ 
 employment and industrial hygiene. It has eight state 
 branches. Annual convention in December. 
 
 National Child Labor Committee (1904). 105 E. 
 
 Twenty-second Street, New York City, Owen R. Lovejoy, 
 Secretary. Purpose: To investigate and report the facts con¬ 
 cerning child labor; to raise the standard of public opinion 
 and parental responsibility with respect to the employment of 
 children; to assist in protecting children by suitable legisla¬ 
 tion against premature or otherwise injurious employment, 
 and thus to aid in securing for them an opportunity for ele¬ 
 mentary education and physical development sufficient for the 
 demands of citizenship and the requirements of industrial 
 efficiency. Plans: Investigation of conditions in factory, mine, 
 sweatshop, street trade and agricultural employment; or¬ 
 ganization of state and local committees; activity in states 
 holding legislative sessions; co-operation with school author¬ 
 ities for development of practical education. There are thirty- 
 one state and eight local committees. Annual meeting 
 usually in January. Invites correspondence on child labor 
 conditions in general, and on factory inspection, compulsory 
 education, and vocational direction. Publishes for distribution 
 one hundred and fifty different pamphlets. 
 
 National Civic Federation (1900). 1 Madison Avenue, 
 
 New York City, Seth Low, President. Purpose: To organize 
 
 23 
 
the best brains of the nation in an educational movement 
 toward the solution of some of the great problems re¬ 
 lating to social and industrial progress; to provide for 
 study and discussion of questions of national import; 
 to aid thus in the crystallization of the most enlightened 
 public opinion; and when desirable to promote legislation in 
 accordance therewith. Plans: At present the work of the 
 Federation is carried on through the following departments: 
 Trade agreement, industrial conciliation, industrial economics, 
 welfare, woman’s department, industrial insurance commis¬ 
 sion, public ownership commission, and department to pro¬ 
 mote uniform state legislation. 
 
 National Consumers’ League (1899). 105 E. Twenty- 
 
 second Street, New York City, Mrs. Florence Kelley, General 
 Secretary. Purpose: To promote better conditions among the 
 workers while securing to the consumer exemption from the 
 dangers attending unwholesome conditions; these ends to be 
 attained by adequate investigation of the conditions under 
 which goods are made, by the education of public opinion, 
 by securing especially the co-operation of the consumer, and 
 by legislation. Plans: Ten hour maximum working day 
 for women; minimum wage boards; public school education 
 on a half-time basis for working boys and girls over sixteen; 
 the prevention of food adulteration. A Committee on Legisla¬ 
 tion and Legal Defense of Labor Laws helps to secure and 
 to defend in the courts legislation promoting the aims of the 
 League. This work is organized in nineteen states. Annual 
 meetings at a date fixed by the Executive Committee. 
 
 National League of Women Workers (1897). Mrs. 
 Henry Ollesheimer, Hotel Savoy, New York City, President; 
 Miss Jean Hamilton, Oswego, N. Y., Secretary. Purpose: To 
 develop the recreational opportunities for working girls and 
 secondarily the educational opportunities; to accomplish this 
 through the organization of self-governing evening clubs, 
 which are non-sectarian and collect dues from their members. 
 Plans: To advise with and build up old clubs, and to or¬ 
 ganize new ones. As all of the five state organizations are 
 in eastern states, plans for the immediate future include the 
 development of the work farther west. Old age insurance 
 
 24 
 
among club members and the extension of good dance fa¬ 
 cilities to replace the old type of public dance hall are now 
 being agitated. Biennial spring conventions of club mem¬ 
 bers in different cities, and annual meetings of club leaders 
 in New York City, usually in May. Correspondence invited. 
 Publishes pamphlets on various phases of club work, and a 
 monthly magazine, The Club Worker. 
 
 National Women’s Trade Union League of America 
 
 (1903). 275 La Salle Street, Chicago, Ill., Mrs. Raymond 
 
 Robins, President. Purpose: To promote the trade organiza¬ 
 tion of women into unions, such unions to be affiliated with 
 the American Federation of Labor; to show the necessity for 
 collective bargaining and to forward labor legislation. Plans: 
 Placing of women organizers in the field for certain trades; 
 investigation of occupational possibilities for women. Organ¬ 
 ized in seven cities. Biennial convention, next meeting at Bos¬ 
 ton, June, 1911. Publishes a national handbook and proceed¬ 
 ings of conventions. 
 
 VI. IMMIGRATION. 
 
 Baron de Hirsch Fund (1891). 43 Exchange Place, New 
 York City, H. L. Sabsovich, Agent. Purpose: A fund for 
 the Americanizing of Jewish immigrants through special 
 schools for children and adults; for encouraging adults in 
 mechanical and agricultural lines; and for assisting immi¬ 
 grants to become self-supporting by co-operation with other 
 institutions. Plans: To increase trade and agricultural edu¬ 
 cation for Jewish immigrant youth. Schools and classes are 
 now maintained or subsidized in a number of immigration 
 centers. 
 
 Immigration Restriction League (1894). 11 Pemberton 
 Square, Boston, Mass., Prescott F. Hall, Secretary of Executive 
 Committee. Purpose: To secure needed legislation on im¬ 
 migration matters and proper enforcement of the laws; to 
 distribute information concerning conditions of immigration. 
 It advocates a more careful selection of immigrants, but not 
 the exclusion of any whose character and standards fit them 
 to become citizens. The League would welcome information 
 on the effects of immigration in various localities. Publishes 
 a number of pamphlets. 
 
 25 
 
National Liberal Immigration League (1906). 150 
 
 Nassau Street, New York City, Edward Lauterbach, Presi¬ 
 dent. Purpose: To secure the proper regulation and better 
 distribution of immigration; to hold public meetings and pub¬ 
 lish and distribute literature on immigration and kindred sub¬ 
 jects. There are two local branches. An annual meeting will 
 be held this autumn (1910). Publishes a number of pam¬ 
 phlets. 
 
 VII. RELIGION WITH A SOCIAL AIM. 
 
 Christian Social Union (1889). Church House, Twelfth 
 and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa., Clinton Rogers Wood¬ 
 ruff, President. Purpose: To study how to apply the moral 
 truths and principles of Christianity to the social and economic 
 difficulties of the present time. Wishes to co-ordinate its 
 efforts with those of other social workers. Especially invites 
 correspondence on labor topics. Publishes a series of pam¬ 
 phlets, of which the latest are “The Church at Work Socially” 
 and “A Short History of the Christian Social Union.” 
 
 Church Association for the Advancement of the In= 
 terests of Labor (Prot. Epis.) (1887). Miss Margaret 
 S. Lawrance, 416 Lafayette Street, New York City, Corre¬ 
 sponding Secretary. Purpose: To interest the clergy and laity 
 of the church in the social questions now being agitated; to 
 inform them as to the nature of the issues presented; and to 
 be prepared to act as the necessities of the day may demand. 
 Special emphasis is placed on the recognition by the church of 
 organized labor and on fraternal intercourse with it. Com¬ 
 mittees on organized labor, the sweating system, tenement 
 house reform, church and stage, and legislation. Publishes 
 Hammer and Pen. 
 
 Department of Church and Labor of the Board of 
 Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church (1903). 156 
 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Rev. Charles Stelzle, Superin¬ 
 tendent. Purpose: To interpret the church to workingmen 
 and workingmen to the church; to interpret employer and 
 employe to each other through education, inspiration, media¬ 
 tion, evangelism and twentieth century methods of Christian 
 work. It holds mass meetings on Sunday; writes articles for 
 26 
 
the labor press; sends fraternal delegates to the trade unions; 
 and conducts shop meetings. A Labor Temple has just been 
 opened in New York. Correspondence courses, conferences 
 on social work and a sociological library are maintained. 
 Publishes leaflets. 
 
 Department of Social and Public Service, American 
 Unitarian Association (1908). 25 Beacon Street, Boston, 
 
 Mass., Elmer S. Forbes, Executive Officer. Purpose: To be 
 of service to Unitarian churches, or to any other organiza¬ 
 tions and individuals who wish it, in the conduct of their 
 social work. The department visits Unitarian churches, men’s 
 clubs and other societies, speaking and advising on social 
 service, and is engaged in work among the Italians. It 
 would welcome officers of other organizations as speakers in 
 Unitarian churches and conferences in order to secure co¬ 
 operation with the work in which they are interested. One 
 session of the annual meeting of the American Unitarian 
 Association held in May is devoted to this work. Publishes 
 the Social Service Bulletin . 
 
 Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America 
 (1908). 81 Bible House, New York City^ E. B. Sanford, D.D., 
 Secretary. Purpose: To bring the Christian bodies of Amer¬ 
 ica into united service for Christ and the world; to secure 
 for them a larger combined influence in all matters affect¬ 
 ing the moral and social condition of the people. Plans: To 
 appoint district secretaries to have charge of work in different 
 sections of the country; to aid and develop state and local 
 church federations and to give information in regard to their 
 programs of work. This council consists of officially appointed 
 representatives of thirty-three denominational church bodies. 
 
 Industrial Committee of the National Council of Con= 
 gregational Churches (1904). Prof. Graham Taylor, 955 
 Grand Avenue, Chicago, Ill., Chairman. Purpose: To im¬ 
 prove industrial conditions and relations by interpreting them 
 to the churches, and securing their initiative and co-operation 
 in efforts to this end. Plans: To federate all the similar 
 denominational agencies under the Federal Council of the 
 Churches of Christ in America. The local state associations 
 
 27 
 
of Congregational churches have Industrial committees. A 
 report will be rendered to the triennial session of the Council 
 in October, 1910. 
 
 International Committee of Young Men’s Christian 
 Associations (1879). I2 4 E. Twenty-eighth Street, New 
 
 York City, Richard C. Morse, General Secretary. Purpose: 
 To establish and assist Young Men’s Christian Associations 
 and to promote the spiritual, intellectual, physical and social 
 well-being of young men and boys through the following de¬ 
 partments: Physical, educational, religious, industrial, col¬ 
 lege, colored, boys’, county or rural, railroad and field. State 
 committees are organized in practically every state. It is 
 a fundamental principle of the Young Men’s Christian As¬ 
 sociation not only to work for its members but to consider 
 the young men and boys in the entire community its field, and 
 it endeavors either to meet their needs directly or to work 
 through or with other agencies in meeting the existing needs. 
 Some of the social types of work now receiving special at¬ 
 tention are industrial education, the enlistment of men in 
 social service, physical welfare work, public recreation, com¬ 
 munity hygiene and work for immigrants. The Committee 
 offers to co-operate with other social organizations especially 
 in local or state propaganda; and invites correspondence on 
 investigations and movements affecting young men and boys. 
 Will exchange its six monthly magazines and its bulletins 
 with other national agencies. Each department publishes 
 pamphlets about its special work. Triennial convention in 
 October, 1910. 
 
 Methodist Federation for Social Service (1908). Dr. 
 Wm. M. Balch, 62 5 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H., General 
 Secretary. Purpose: To increase the social spirit under the 
 direction of the Methodist Church and to employ the agencies 
 of that church for social service. Plans: To publish a hand¬ 
 book of social service, a plan of social service for village and 
 rural churches, and literature for pastors observing Labor 
 Sunday; to inquire into the church membership of the labor¬ 
 ing classes; to conduct correspondence courses on social study. 
 Has a bureau of information regarding the social work of the 
 Methodist churches; arranges for programs, speakers and ma- 
 28 
 
terials for sermons on social topics. Offers to help procure 
 the co-operation of the Methodist Episcopal churches for any 
 well approved social reform. Biennial general meeting of the 
 Federation. Publishes nine pamphlets on practical methods 
 of social service; also a volume, “The Socialized Church.” 
 
 National Board of the Young Women’s Christian As¬ 
 sociations (1907). 125 E. Twenty-seventh Street, New York 
 City, Miss Mabel Cratty, General Secretary. Purpose: To 
 advance the physical, social, intellectual, moral and spiritual 
 interests of young women. Plans: For the immediate future, 
 to emphasize the adaptation of the Association to rural com¬ 
 munities, department stores, nurses’ training schools and hos¬ 
 pitals ; to perfect a territorial organization; to work out a 
 basis for the financial support of national, territorial, and 
 local work. The board would welcome information as to 
 untouched communities where the Association might supply 
 a need and as to new lines of work being inaugurated which 
 might have a bearing on Association activities. It would be 
 helpful to include local associations in councils on betterment 
 work and to develop other forms of local co-operation. There 
 are local associations in over two hundred cities besides six 
 hundred in schools. Publishes several pamphlets on the As¬ 
 sociation and The Association Monthly . 
 
 Social Service Commission of the Northern Baptist 
 Convention (1908). Prof. Samuel Z. Batten, D.D., Des 
 Moines College, Des Moines, la., Chairman. Purpose: To 
 study social questions and report findings to the churches; 
 to create literature; to suggest practical lines of social effort; 
 to infuse the religious spirit into efforts for social ameliora¬ 
 tion. Plans: To publish a course of reading on social serv¬ 
 ice, to form a list of social service speakers, to inaugurate 
 a campaign for town surveys and city programs. It will 
 endeavor to make the plans of other organizations effective 
 in the Baptist churches. Publishes pamphlets and a monthly 
 bulletin. 
 
 Superior Councils of the Society of St. Vincent de 
 
 Paul (i860). There are four Superior Councils in the United 
 States as follows: New York, 375 Lafayette Street, Thomas 
 M. Mulry, President; New Orleans, 326 Camp Street, Thomas 
 
 29 
 
G. ’Rapier, President; St. Louis, 1023 Chestnut Street, J. L. 
 Hornsby, President; Chicago, 123 Throop Street, Richard C. 
 Gannon, President.* The headquarters of the Society are in 
 Paris. Purpose: The practice of a Christian life; to visit 
 the poor in their dwellings and to carry them succor in kind; 
 to promote the elementary and religious instruction of poor 
 children; to distribute moral and religious books; and to 
 undertake any other charitable work for which their resources 
 are adequate. Conventions are held from time to time but 
 at no stated interval. The St. Vincent de Paul Quarterly is 
 published by the Superior Council of New York. 
 
 VIII. TEMPERANCE. 
 
 Anti=SaIoon League of America (1895). Rev. P. A. 
 Baker, Westerville, O., General Superintendent. Purpose: To 
 secure the ultimate national suppression of the saloon in the 
 United States and its progressive local repression as a means 
 to that end; to secure local option everywhere, and to lead 
 people to vote “No” under that privilege, until the state as 
 a whole is ready for prohibition; to get voters to support legis¬ 
 lators and local officials who oppose the saloon. It is or¬ 
 ganized in every state and is in form an affiliation of the 
 church bodies against the saloon. A biennial national con¬ 
 vention. Publishes The American Issue and many leaflets. 
 
 National Woman’s Christian Temperance Union 
 (1874). The Willard, Rest Cottage, Evanston, Ill., Mrs. 
 Frances P. Parks, Corresponding Secretary. Purpose: To 
 protect the home and abolish the liquor traffic; to secure 
 statutory prohibition and constitutional amendments; to in¬ 
 crease scientific temperance education in the public schools. 
 Plans: To extend the prohibition territory; to erect a business 
 building as an annex to national headquarters; to create a 
 temperance library and reference bureau. Organized in every 
 state and territory. Annual convention in November. 
 
 IX. PRISON REFORM. 
 
 American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 
 
 (1909). Northwestern University Building, Chicago, Ill., Ed¬ 
 win R t Keedy, Secretary. Purpose: To make researches and 
 formulate measures for the improvement of criminal justice. 
 
 30 
 
Plans: To issue reports of investigating committees; to pub¬ 
 lish a journal; to organize state branches. The Institute wel¬ 
 comes information on its subject and offers to help other so¬ 
 cieties to organize this aspect of their work. There is one 
 state organization; others are in process of organization. The 
 second annual meeting will be held in Washington, D. C., 
 October i, 1910. Publishes Journal of the American Institute 
 of Criminal Law and Criminology. 
 
 American Prison Association (1871). Joseph P. Byers, 
 Box 15, Station L, New York City, General Secretary. Pur¬ 
 pose: To confer on crime, its origin and prevention; on 
 criminals, their treatment and reformation; on criminal legis¬ 
 lation; and on all other questions covered in the general 
 field of criminology. Annual congress, next meeting at Wash¬ 
 ington, D. C., September 29 to October 2, 1910. International 
 Prison Congress at the same place, October 2 to 8, 1910. 
 
 National Committee on Prison Labor (1909). 27 E. 
 
 Twenty-second Street, New York City, Miss Helen V. Boswell, 
 Secretary. Purpose: To study the prison labor problem and 
 propose satisfactory solutions; to gather data and statistics; 
 to awaken public interest in all the states. Invites corre¬ 
 spondence on prison labor conditions, the industrial aspect of 
 imprisonment, the competition of prison labor, the prisoner’s 
 share in his product. 
 
 X. CITY PROBLEMS. 
 
 American Civic Association (1904). Richard B. 
 Watrous, 913-914 Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C., 
 Secretary. Purpose: To cultivate higher ideals of civic life 
 and beauty in America; to promote city, town and neighbor¬ 
 hood improvement; to secure the preservation and development 
 of landscape and the advancement of outdoor art. It aims to 
 make living conditions clean, healthful and attractive; to 
 extend the making of public parks; to promote the opening 
 of gardens and playgrounds for children and recreation 
 centers for adults; to abate public nuisances—including bill¬ 
 boards, objectionable signs, needless noises, unnecessary poles 
 and wires, unpleasant and wasteful smoking factory chimneys; 
 to make the buildings and the surroundings of railway sta- 
 
tions, schools and factories attractive; to protect existing 
 trees and to encourage intelligent tree planting; to preserve 
 great scenic wonders from commercial spoliation. Plans: In 
 particular to urge comprehensive city planning; to direct a 
 national crusade against the house-fly. There are four hun¬ 
 dred affiliated societies. Has an annual convention, usually 
 in November. Publishes propagandist literature and instruc¬ 
 tive bulletins relating to the physical improvement of cities. 
 
 National Housing Association (1910). 105 E. Twenty- 
 second Street, New York City, Lawrence Veiller, Secretary. 
 Purpose: To improve housing conditions, both urban and 
 suburban, in every practicable way. Plans: For the present, 
 to do intensive work in those cities where there is already a 
 housing movement. An annual conference will probably be 
 held. The organization is too new for definite plans, but is 
 anxious to co-operate with other national movements. 
 
 National Municipal League (1894). Clinton Rogers 
 Woodruff, 121 S. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa., Secretary. 
 Purpose: To promote the thorough investigation and dis¬ 
 cussion of civic organization activities and administration, 
 of methods for selecting and appointing officials in American 
 cities, and of laws relating to such subjects; to co-ordinate 
 the forces of those interested in municipal integrity. Plans: 
 Extension of committee work, including investigation of city 
 budgets and finances, instruction in civics in schools and 
 colleges, school extension, the police problem, franchises, 
 municipal health and sanitation. The League asks that it be 
 kept in touch with the development of municipal affairs in 
 different communities, and will advise in local municipal 
 efforts. Annual convention in November. Publishes pam¬ 
 phlets, leaflets, clipping sheets, and an annual volume of 
 proceedings. 
 
INDEX OF ORGANIZATIONS 
 
 American Academy of Med¬ 
 icine . 19 
 
 American Asso. for Labor 
 
 Legislation . 23 
 
 American Asso. for Study 
 and Prevention of In¬ 
 fant Mortality . 19 
 
 American Asso. for the 
 Study of the Feeble- 
 
 Minded ..... 20 
 
 American Asso. of Instruc¬ 
 tors of the Blind . 18 
 
 American Civic Association 31 
 American Inst, of Criminal 
 Law and Criminology. .. 30 
 American Institute of So¬ 
 cial Service . 11 
 
 American Medical Associ¬ 
 ation .. 20 
 
 American Medico-Psycho¬ 
 logical Asso.20 
 
 American National Red 
 
 Cross .. 12 
 
 American Prison Asso. ... 31 
 American Public Health 
 
 Association . 20 
 
 American Purity Alliance..20 
 American Society of Sani¬ 
 tary and Moral Prophy¬ 
 laxis . 21 
 
 Anti-Saloon League of 
 
 America . 30 
 
 Baron de Hlrsch Fund... 25 
 Charity Organization De¬ 
 partment of the Russell 
 
 Sage Foundation . 12 
 
 Child-HelDing Department 
 of the Russell Sage Foun¬ 
 dation . 15 
 
 Children’s Conference for 
 Research and Welfare.. 16 
 Christian Social Union... 26 
 Church Asso. for the Ad¬ 
 vancement of the Inter¬ 
 ests of Labor. 26 
 
 Committee of One Hundred 
 on National Health .... 21 
 Committee on Prevention 
 of Blindness of the Rus¬ 
 sell Sage Foundation .. 21 
 Conference on the Educa¬ 
 tion of Backward, Tru¬ 
 ant, Delinquent and De¬ 
 pendent Children . 16 
 
 Council of Jewish Women. 13 
 Department of Child Hy¬ 
 giene of the Russell Sage 
 
 Foundation . 16 
 
 Department of Church and 
 Labor of Presb. Church 26 
 Department of Social and 
 Public Service, Unitarian 
 
 Asso.27 
 
 Federal Council of the 
 
 _ Churches of Christ.27 
 
 Federated Boys’ Clubs. ... 16 
 
 Federation of Day Nur¬ 
 series ....17 
 
 General Federation of Wo¬ 
 men’s Clubs .... 13 
 
 Immigration Restriction 
 League .............. 25 
 
 Industrial Committee of 
 Congregational Churches 27 
 Methodist Federation for 
 
 Social Service .... _28 
 
 National Asso. for the 
 Study and Prevention of 
 
 Tuberculosis .. 22 
 
 National Asso. for the 
 
 Study of Epilepsy. 22 
 
 National Child Labor Com¬ 
 mittee .. 23 
 
 National Civic Federation. 23 
 National Committee on 
 
 Prison Labor . 31 
 
 National Conference of 
 Charities and Correction 13 
 National Conference of 
 
 Jewish Charities . 14 
 
 National Congress of 
 
 Mothers . 17 
 
 National Consumers’ League 24 
 National Education Asso¬ 
 ciation . is 
 
 National Federation of Re¬ 
 medial Loan Societies.. 14 
 National Housing Asso... . 32 
 National League of Wo¬ 
 men Workers . 24 
 
 National Liberal Immigra¬ 
 tion League. 26 
 
 National Municipal Leasrue 32 
 National Probation Offi¬ 
 cers’ Association . 17 
 
 National Society for Study 
 
 of Education .’. 18 
 
 National Society for the 
 Promotion of Industrial 
 
 Education . 18 
 
 National Vigilance Com¬ 
 mittee .. 22 
 
 National W. C. T. U. 30 
 
 National Women’s Trade 
 Union League ......... 25 
 
 Negro Rural School Fund. 19 
 Playground Association of 
 
 America . 17 
 
 Rockefeller Sanitary Com¬ 
 mission . 22 
 
 Russell Sage Foundation.. 14 
 Social Service Commission 
 of the Northern Baptists 29 
 Southern Education Board 19 
 St. Vincent de Paul, Supe¬ 
 rior Councils of.29 
 
 Survey Magazine .... _ 15 
 
 T. M. C. A., International 
 
 Committee . 28 
 
 W. C. A., National 
 Board . 29