n *t i* 
 
 S X *T W 
 
 
 OUTLINE SHADING 
 
 MECHANICAL DRAWING CONVENTIONS 
 
 COPYRIGHT /90Q BY L. L. Simpson. 
 
 SHADING 
 
 \ 
 
 Two centers. 
 Same rochus. 
 
 Right and bottom edges are made 
 shade lines m all projections. 
 Dotted lines and lines separating 
 two visible surtaces shou/d not 
 be shaded. Light falls at 45? 
 
 SURFACE SHADING 
 
 CONE 
 
 SPHERE 
 
 SLOPING 
 
 
 V/. 
 
 
 A 
 
 HOLLOW CYLINDER 
 
 CURVED AND PLAT 
 
mi 10 
 
 A«v«an M 
 
• ITT 
 
 ‘Sa- 5wx 
 
 MECHAN/CAL DRAWING CONVENTIONS 
 
 co F=>y-pt r at-tr /s>os i-.t- 
 
 LINES AND THE/R USES 
 STANDARD 
 
 Used to represent the outline and all visible edges of an object. 
 
 Also to represent g/ven and required lines. 
 
 DOTTED 
 
 Width d standard. Dash and space each /£'. 
 
 Used to represent invisible edges. A/so for constructions. 
 
 PROJECTION 
 
 Width £ standard. Dash §" 5pace /&'. Used to represent 
 projections between views, and for extensions to dimensions lines. 
 
 CENTER 
 
 Width £ standard. Dashes d "and /e". Dpace Used to represent centers, 
 axes of projection and to show where sections have been taken. 
 
 " 1 1 SNA DE 
 
 Width 2 ti mes standard. Used m shading for r/ght and bottom edges. 
 
 ■ I ■!■ ■ ■■■!■ — BORDER 
 
 Width 3 times standard Used for border of plates. 
 
 li DIMENSION 
 
 Width £ standard. Dash from £"up. 3pace df Used tor dimensions. 
 
sioumi 40 insMWnn 
 111 ! ^0 
 mm 
 
rj 
 
 MECHANICAL DRAWING CONVENTIONS 
 
 COPYRIGHT 1900 BY LL.. Simpson 
 
 GOTHIC ALPHABET 
 
 ABCDEFGHUKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 
 abcdefgh/ jk/mnopqrsfuvwxyz 1234567890 
 
 ABCDEFGH I JKLMN0PQR5TUVWXYZ 
 
 a bcdef g h 1 j k I m n o pqrst u v wxyz 1 234567890 
 
 Stx strokes make all the letters. 
 
 // Used m let fers BDE.FH IKLMNPRT bdhk/pf 01 on nr /45\ 
 
 '/\ „ 
 <C> • 
 drag- 
 's - 
 
 ABDEFHLPRZeftz 2457 
 AKMNQRVWXYZ kvwxyz 7 
 BCDGORQR abcdegopq356890 
 
 fgj^y 
 
 S s 
 
 Compare 
 
 
 Do not shade. 
 
 In words, the area of the space between letters is always the same. 
 In sentences the space between words is the size of one letter. 
 
SlOWni! JO JITCUSAIM 
 m jo 
 
 nmm jhj 
 
MECHANICAL DRAWING CONVENTIONS 
 
 ?oe by > 
 
 ' s 5 HOI 
 ~SZZD t 
 
 COF>YF}/<S*-tT /SOS BY U. U. 3 impaon 
 
 METHOD OR SHOWING BREAKS 
 
 
 
 
 WZfa C 
 
 YZZt C 
 
 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy/yyyym 
 
 To better 1/ lust rate or to save space on the drawing a portion 
 of the object is sometimes broken away. If possible the break 
 should show the shape of the object and be crossha tched to 
 show the kind of material of which if is made. 
 
io»mi J * 1 uPMHsn 
 im jo 
 jwmon j*u 
 
MECHANICAL DRAWING CONVENTIONS 
 
 COf=>>'f=tlGM7‘ / 90 & By L.L.&tmpMor*. 
 
 CROSSHATCHING 
 
 BRASS 
 
 LEATHER 
 
 L/OU/O 
 
 In a section or a drawing showing an imaginary cut surface that 
 surface is cross hatched to show the kind of material. The width of 
 the lines and the distance between them varies with the s/ze of 
 the surface. Objects touching are crosshatched m opposite directions. 
 

 siotiiTH jo umm ' 
 Ml JO 
 
 kmm mi 
 
SU S\ v 
 
 S' 
 
 'Vv© v b 
 
 MECHANICAL DRAWING CONVENTIONS 
 
 <Z.Of=>miGHT / 90 6 B r 
 
 DIMENSIONS 
 
 i,n ___ 
 r?1 8 
 
 I", 
 
 
 —Running fit -*- j -«^-j 
 
 in N; 
 
 ^4v^~g ^ r/// 
 
 Drive fit 
 
 w fp^\ Arrow heads thus 
 
 r^j/g-l / Tap Not i\ — >-j — H 
 
 #---4;- Figures m dimensions should always be the same 
 size regard fess of the scale of fhe drawing . 
 Single figures £ h/gh. Fractions ^ h/gh. Numerator and 
 denominator each Figures thus 7" not r. 
 
 Notes and dimensions must a/ways read from fhe bottom or 
 the right side of the plate w/th respect to the title of fhe p/afe 
 
 \r -eft- 3"- 
 
siwimi w xotasm 
 
 3Hi XO 
 
 kmm xhi