Community Putlbtttgs; as; Wm Jflemorials A series of bulletins published by the Bureau of Memorial Buildings of War Camp Community Service, 124 East 28 th Street, New York, N. V. Number 3 1919 THE PLANNING, MANAGING AND FINANCING OF MEMORIAL COMMUNITY HOUSES I. Determining What Form a Community House Should Take. 1 II. Ownership and Management of Community Houses. 6 III. The Financing of Memorial Buildings. 14 ANNOUNCEMENT The National Committee on Memorial Buildings, established to assist in the promotion and guidance of the nation-wide movement to erect Community Buildings as war memorials, has merged its activities with those of War Camp Community Service. This Com¬ mittee, composed of one hundred representative men and women from all parts of the country, has become the Advisory Committee on Memorial Buildings of War Community Service. The Bureau of Memorial Buildings is designed to serve as a clearing-house of information and service in regard to planning, erecting and administering community houses, auditoriums, recrea¬ tion centers and other “living” memorials. The Bureau does not undertake to erect or finance memorials anywhere; but by means of bulletins, exhibits, speakers and personal advisory service, it is ready to aid |tate and municipal memorial committees. The Bureau, through its Advisory Committee and through co- operation with national community service bodies, art and archi¬ tectural associations, etc:., has brought together a large amount of expert opinion and knowledge concerning community buildings. This material is being published in the series of Bulletins entitled “Com¬ munity Buildings as War Memorials.” A list of these publications appears on the back cover. The Bureau of Memorial Buildings gratefully acknowledges the aid of the following in collaborating on this bulletin: Eugene R. Shippen, J. P. Robertson, Shelby M. Harrison, Lawrence F. Peck, and the Research Department of the American City Bureau. LIBRARY OF THE W»!*FRSITY OF ILLINOIS I. jSetermtning OTfjat Jform a Community nit ^fjoulb Cake A Suggested Analysis of Community Facilities and Needs Which Will Aid in Intelligent Planning ^•^HE purpose of a community house is to meet the unmet needs of community life. A survey of local conditions will determine the character of the community house, the needs it will endeavor to meet, and the facilities it ought properly to furnish. Where a trained director of the survey is not available, or perhaps not needed, a respon¬ sible committee might be appointed by the mayor or by the organization initiating the movement for a community house, such committee to secure pertinent facts bearing upon the problem as outlined below. The amount and character of the data required will differ in every community. For the smaller towns the following form will need to be simplified and reduced. In any case the aim is not to make an elaborate statistical report, nor yet a technical diagnosis of the social health of the community, but simply to get at the social facts upon which to base the plan for a community house, without which facts the building might be a monument “consecrated to uselessness. ,, In case the city or town is already in possession of a survey of industrial conditions, a report on housing or city planning, or a church census, the work of making the community house survey will be simpli¬ fied by just that much. These findings, together with the reports of city clerk, city engineer, librarian, superintendent of schools, police and poor commissioners and associated charities, will furnish authoritative data. In addition to such sources of information, personal interviews should be obtained with city officials, settlement workers, school teachers, Community JPtttlbingg as ©Har iWemorialS the clergy, Boy Scout leaders .and other qualified observers of social conditions. In the following outline for a survey, the subjects are grouped to answer the first questions which should be asked in connection with the community house project: How large and what sort of a population must the building serve? What are the existing community facilities? How far do existing institutions serve the community’s social and recrea¬ tional needs? OUTLINE OF A SURVEY I. POPULATION 1. Census of 1900, 1910, 1920 (esti¬ mated). 2. Total number of men in service, 1917-1919. Total number returned. 3. Male voters. 4. School enrollment. Boys. Girls. 5. Industrial — approximate propor¬ tion. 6. Commercial—approximate propor¬ tion. 7. Agricultural—approximate propor¬ tion. 8. Different nationalities and races— approximate proportion. 9. Church enrollment — Catholics, Protestants, Jews, etc. II. COMMUNITY FACILITIES 1. Is there a community auditorium or general meeting-place for all citizens? Seating capacity? 2. Is there a central library? a. Number of cards issued. b. Number of readers per month. c. Facilities for public meet¬ ings. d. Branch libraries. 3. Is there an art museum? Nature of exhibits? Weekly attendance? 4. Is there a Y. M. C. A. building? What facilities? 5. Is there a Y. W. C. A. building? What facilities? 6. Is there a Knights of Columbus or Y. M. H. A. building? What facilities? 7. Which fraternal organizations have their own clubhouses? Are they in position to serve the outside public? 8. Where do labor organizations meet? What accommodations have they at such meeting places? 9. What facilities have the churches for the general public’s use as meeting-places or for recreation purposes? To what extent are they so used? 10. What accommodations do out-of- town visitors have for rest rooms ? 2 ^Bulletin dumber tPjree ii. Are there adequate and convenient comfort stations? Do the parks and school grounds furnish adequate playgrounds for children and adults? a. Acreage. b. Number of baseball dia¬ monds, football fields, ten¬ nis courts, golf courses. c. Extent of children’s play in the streets. 13. Do the young people not attached to churches or clubs have a place where they meet for social contact in games, dancing and other recreation in a clean, wholesome environment? 14. Theaters and moving picture houses: a. Location. b. Seating capacity. c. Extent of patronage. d. Class of patrons. 15. Dance halls and other halls: a. Location. b. Capacity. c. Extent of patronage. d. Class of patrons. 16. Pool-rooms and bowling alleys. a. Location. b. Capacity. c. Extent of patronage. d. Class of patrons. 17. Other commercial amusements— skating rinks, shooting galleries, penny arcades? 18. What facilities in the nature of headquarters are there for or¬ ganizations, such as the Cham¬ ber of Commerce, Rotary Club, County Grange, G. A. R., patri¬ otic and historical societies, charitable organizations, Red Cross, visiting nurses, women’s clubs, art leagues, musical so¬ cieties, dramatic societies, civic federation, reform clubs and neighborhood improvement as¬ sociations, Boy Scouts, athletic clubs. 19. What public or semi-public build¬ ings are being planned or in process of building? 20. State buildings and facilities? 21. County buildings and facilities? III. SCHOOLS 1. Public school facilities: a. Location of buildings. b. Classification as to grade. c. Is there any overcrowding, and where. d. Character of districts. e. Physical education program. f. Industrial and vocational program. g. Provisions for recreation— gymnasium, swimming pool, playground h. Number of recreation lead¬ ers. i. Extent of truancy. j. Auditorium — open to pub¬ lic? on what conditions? k. To what extent are schools social centers? 2. Private schools: a. Location. b. Classification. c. Number of children accom¬ modated. d. Character. e. Provision for recreation. IV. FINANCIAL RESOURCES 1. Total tax collected last fiscal year for city purposes. 2. Annual school budget. 3 Community Jguiltjtngss as ©Har iWemorials 3. Last Liberty Bond and Victory Note sales* 4. War work drive, or war chest collection. V. LEGAL CONDITIONS 1. State laws governing philan¬ thropic organizations and cor¬ porations. 2. Municipal statutes regulating building. VI. CITY MAP 1. Business and residential districts: Street-car lines. Unimproved property. Parks and playgrounds. Relation of center of population to geographical center. 2. Position of public buildings, schools, etc. 3. Type and character of buildings in general—single houses, flats, tenements, boarding-houses, ho¬ tels, schools, churches, theaters, public buildings. 4. Historic spots, how marked or commemorated ? VII. GENERAL REMARKS Special needs felt in the com¬ munity which might be met by a public building. Unusual conditions not covered by the questions. Since the material gathered in the survey will contain the best evidence that the community needs the facilities afforded by a memorial building, the committee in charge should publish the complete report, as a pamphlet, or possibly in the local newspapers, and with it a brief digest setting forth the committee’s conclusions. A city map, indicating divisions of the population, and existing community facilities, both recreational and social, will add interest to the published report. 4 II. ^tonertffjip mb iflanagement of Community Rouses Suggested Forms of Organization for Local Memorial Building Associations HE kind of organization best adapted to the needs of each indi¬ vidual community must be determined by local conditions, by the type of building and the uses to which it will be put. In those advanced communities where partisan politics have been largely eliminated from local governments, as under the commission- manager form, title to the building, regardless of how construction funds have been raised, may well be vested in the municipality and its operation become a function of the Public Welfare Department, with a citizen advisory board cooperating. Such a plan does not necessitate the raising of all maintenance funds by taxation, as annual “drives” and other methods of voluntary popular support may be utilized. Where the building has been erected by municipal funds, title must, of course, rest with the city, and where a non-partisan department of welfare does not exist, a representative commission, or board of trustees, chosen by the City Council, may administer the affairs of the com¬ munity building. The erection of memorials by taxation is not usually advocated by the Bureau of Memorial Buildings, but if such a method is employed, provision for some form of free-will contribution should be made and the non-partisan character of the building emphasized. Where it seems advisable to conduct the memorial building as an independent community enterprise, one of the three following forms of organization may be found desirable. All three provide for a board of trustees or directors. In the first two, these trustees are chosen by a direct vote of a membership composed of those who have contributed. The third calls for an association made up of representatives of various existing local organizations. 5 Community SSutlbmgg a* Wiax iHcmoriate FORM NUMBER ONE MEMORIAL BUILDING ASSO¬ CIATION OF . CONSTITUTION Preamble: We, residents of.and vicinity, in meeting assembled, in order to do honor to those members of our com¬ munity who served in the Great War, to commemorate the names of those who died for the cause of Democracy, and to promote that enhanced spirit of pub¬ lic service which has been the chief compensation for sacrifices made, do hereby form ourselves into an Associa¬ tion whose principal object shall be: to erect a suitable memorial building, and to maintain such building as a gather¬ ing place, open to all the people, which may provide facilities for mental and physical growth, for fellowship and re¬ creation, for civic service, and for en¬ joyment of the arts. We pledge that this Association, while affording a hear¬ ing to all, will not attempt by formal action to bind its members to advocacy of, or opposition to, any measure. To this end we establish the following Constitution and By-Laws, and direct that those who shall be elected as Trustees thereunder do forthwith take such steps as may be necessary under the laws of the state of.to in¬ corporate this Association. Article I. Name. This organization shall be known as The Memorial Building As¬ sociation of. Article II. Object. The objects of this Association shall be: 1. To erect and maintain a Memorial Building in honor of those who served in the Great War. 2. To provide a permanent community home, open to all people and to all non-partisan, non-sectarian organizations devoted to recrea¬ tional, civic, art, educational, and other activities looking to the common good. Article III. Membership. All residents of.and vicinity over eighteen years of age who comply with the provisions set forth in the By-Laws shall be eligible to membership in this Association. Article IV. Government. The government of this Association shall be vested in a Board of .(9 to 25).Trustees to be elected by a direct vote of the members and responsible di¬ rectly to them for the construc¬ tion, maintenance and manage¬ ment of the Memorial Building. The manner of their election, their duties and powers shall be as provided in the By-Laws. Article V. By-Laws. By-Laws, as hereinafter provided, shall, with this Constitution, be the governing instruments for the administration of this Association. Article VI. A mendments. This Constitution may be amended, either by mail referendum or at a regular or special meeting called for that purpose, provided SuQettn dumber ®fjree the following conditions have been fulfilled: 1. The notice of the proposed amend¬ ment must be mailed to each member not less than thirty days in advance of a general meeting at which it may be discussed. 2. The amendment may be voted on at this meeting, provided one-third of the members are present; oth¬ erwise the amendment must be submitted to all members by mail not less than twenty nor more than forty days thereafter, or at a regular or special meeting to be held not less than twenty nor more than forty days thereafter, as the Board of Trustees may de¬ termine. 3. By whatever method submitted, an amendment must poll an affirma¬ tive vote of two-thirds of the qualified members voting, in order to be effective. SUGGESTED BY-LAWS Article I. Membership. 1. Membership in this Association shall be of two classes—honorary and active. 2. Honorary membership shall include those who are regularly enrolled in the armed forces of the United States or have been honorably discharged therefrom, and such others who have served their country with distinction, as the Board of Trustees may, by two- thirds vote, designate. 3. All residents of.and vicinity over eighteen years of age, who contribute the sum of $1 or more toward the construction or main¬ tenance of this Memorial Build¬ ing, shall be active members of this Association for the fiscal year in which their contributions are made. 4. All members, whether honorary or active, shall be qualified to vote at the annual meeting in the elec¬ tion of trustees and in the trans¬ action of such other business as may be presented. Article II. Election (alternate forms A or B) The Trustees, provided for in Article IV of the Constitu¬ tion, shaH be nominated and elected annually in the man¬ ner hereinafter described, the election to be completed on the.day of. (a) Nominations shall be made prior to the election by means of a direct primary. A bal¬ lot accompanied by the mem¬ bership list shall be mailed to all members, from which list each member may desig¬ nate (Y) candidates. (b) The (Z) receiving the highest number of votes in A. the primary shall be de¬ clared nominated, and their names be placed on the offi¬ cial ballot. At the official election the (Y) candidates receiving the highest num¬ ber of votes shall be de¬ clared elected. In case of a tie in the last place, either in the primary or official election, the selec¬ tion shall be made by lot, under the direction of the Committee in charge of the election. 7 Community $Sutlbing£ a* ®Ear fHemortalfi ft. B.-j The Trustees provided for in Article IV of the Constitu¬ tion shall be nominated by petition, the signatures of (X) members being required. No members signature may be counted on more than one petition, and it shall be re¬ garded as valid only on that one first filed, at the place designated. The names of the nominees shall be printed in alpha¬ betical order on an official ballot, which shall be mailed to all duly qualified mem¬ bers and on which they shall indicate by numerals their first, second, third and other choices. Each voter may ex¬ press as many choices as he desires, altho his vote will count but once. The election and the count of the ballots shall be accord¬ ing to the Hare system of proportional representation. 4. The members shall vote by mail or in person, by secret ballot in con¬ formity with such additional rules and regulations as the Board of Trustees may adopt. 5. Vacancies in the Board of Trustees shall be filled by the Board for the unexpired term. 6. The Board of Trustees shall have power to review and decide ques¬ tions of eligibility among their own members. 7. The chief executive of the city, the superintendent of schools, and a third city official to be designated by the governing body of the city shall be ex-officio members of the Board of Trustees in addition to those regularly elected.* Article III . Officers . 1. Within ten days after the election, the Trustees shall meet and elect officers for the ensuing year; a President, one or more Vice-Presi¬ dents, a Secretary, and a Treas¬ urer. All the officers must be members of the Board except the Treasurer, who need not be a member of the Board. 2. The duties of the officers shall be such as their titles by general usage would indicate, and such as required by the law, and such as may be assigned to them, respec¬ tively, by the Board of Trustees from time to time. 3. The Board of Trustees may employ a Manager, and provide for as¬ sistants, and determine the com¬ pensation to be paid for their services. 4. The Treasurer and the Manager shall each furnish surety bonds in such amounts as the Board of Trustees shall deem necessary, the cost to be paid by the Association. Article IV. Committees . 1. The Board of Trustees shall author¬ ize and define the powers and du¬ ties of all Committees. 2. The President shall appoint all (X) 10 to 25 members. (Y) Number to be elected. (Z) Twice the number to be elected. * The Board of Trustees should consist of from 9 to 25 members, depending upon the size of the city and local conditions. 8 bulletin ^timber ®fjr*e Committees, subject to confirmation by the Board of Trustees. Article V. Meetings. 1. The annual meeting of the Memo¬ rial Building Association shall be held on the.in.of each year, at the Memorial Building, at an hour to be designated by the Board of Trustees. 2. Meetings of the members may be held at such other times as the President or the Board of Trustees may determine, or upon the writ¬ ten request of five per cent, of the members in good standing, pro¬ vided that when called otherwise than by the President or the Board of Trustees, the notice shall con¬ tain a statement of the purpose of the meeting and shall be issued at least two days preceding the meet¬ ing. 3. At all meetings, five per cent, of the members in good standing shall constitute a quorum. 4. The Board of Trustees shall meet at regular periods. Absence from three consecutive regular meetings without an excuse deemed valid, and so recorded by the Board of Trustees, shall be construed as a resignation. 5. A special meeting of the Board of Trustees may be called at any time by the President or by the three Trustees, provided that when called otherwise than by the President, a call shall be issued to each Trustee stating the purpose of the meeting, not less than three hours preceding the meeting. 6. At all meetings of the Board of Trustees a majority shall consti¬ tute a quorum. 7. All questions of parliamentary pro¬ cedure shall be settled according to Robert’s Rules of Order. Article VI. Funds. 1. The Board of Trustees shall have power to solicit and obtain sub¬ scriptions in cash or in bonds for a building fund, and therewith to procure the erection of the memo¬ rial provided for in the Constitu¬ tion and in these By-Laws. 2. The Board of Trustees shall also have power, and is hereby di¬ rected, to circulate each year a summary of the Association’s ac¬ tivities and to solicit contribu¬ tions from the residents of. and vicinity, which, with other available revenues, shall consti¬ tute the maintenance fund out of which all building, maintenance and operating expenses of the As¬ sociation shall be met. 3. The Board of Trustees shall also have power in its discretion to lease portions of the memorial building to other non-profit or¬ ganizations engaged in work for the common welfare, and to de¬ termine the compensation to be paid therefor. 4. The Board of Trustees shall also have power to purchase, hold, sell, lease or mortgage real estate, to incur debts, giving therefor notes of the corporation signed by one or more officials duly authorized by the Board for that purpose, and may enter into contracts of any kind furthering the purpose of the Association. 9 Community Jiutlbingsi as; 8SSar ^Memorials 5. The fiscal year shall end the. day of. Article VII. Building. 1. It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees to procure the erection of a building which in beauty of design and utility of plan shall be both an adequate memorial to those whom it is to honor, and a practical and useful structure to those whom it is to serve. 2. It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees to provide rules for the management of the building and the conduct of the people who may use it 3. It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees to maintain such build¬ ing in proper repair and in con¬ dition for public use at all rea¬ sonable hours. Article VIII. Amendments. 1. These By-Laws may be amended by mail referendum or by a ma¬ jority vote of the members in good standing in attendance at any regular meeting or any spe¬ cial meeting called for that pur¬ pose, provided that such proposed amendments shall be plainly stated in the call for the meeting at which they are to be considered. 2. Notice of meetings at which such amendments are to be considered must be given at least ten days prior to the time of the meeting. FORM NUMBER TWO MEMORIAL BUILDING COR¬ PORATION A second form of organization may follow that of a regular corporation. In such case the instruments of gov¬ ernment will depend upon the local state laws, and may consist of Articles of Incorporation, followed by By-Laws. The Articles of Incorporation may set forth purposes similar to those in the Constitution of Form Number One, and the By-Laws of Form Number One may be used with certain modifications. The capital stock may be sufficient for both construction and endowment funds, or for construction funds only. The shares of stock should be in small denominations, and the sale to a single holder limited as to amount "living endowment certificates” For maintenance purposes, “living endowment certificates” may be issued, the holder pledging to pay each year an amount equivalent to five per cent, on the face of his certificate. (For a full description of the living endow¬ ment plan, see page 00.) For purposes of electing directors, the holders of capital stock and of “living endowment certificates” are members of the corporation. FORM NUMBER THREE CONSTITUTION Preamble: We, the duly appointed representa¬ tives of various organizations of .in meeting assembled in order to do honor, etc. (Same as Form I.) Article I. Name , and Article II. Ob¬ ject: Same as Form I. Article III. Membership. Membership in this Association shall be limited to the duly ap- 10 JSuQetm dumber ®firee pointed representatives of the various organizations and societies of., as provided in the By-Laws. Article IV. Government , and Article V. By-Laws: Same as Form I. Article VI. A mendments. This Constitution may be amend¬ ed at any regular or special meet¬ ing called for that purpose by a two-thirds vote of those present; provided that a notice of such proposed amendment has been mailed to each member not less than thirty days in advance of such a meeting; and provided, further, that a majority of all members are in attendance at the time the amendments are voted upon. BY-LAWS Article 1. Membership. i. Membership in this Association shall be limited to the duly appointed representatives of each of the fol¬ lowing organizations: (Such list might include American Legion, Spanish War Veterans, G. A. R., U. C. V., D. A. R., U. D. C., Chamber of Commerce, Rotary Club, Kiwanis Club, Civic League, Housewives’ League, Women’s Literary Society, Red Cross Chapter, Associated Chari¬ ties, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., Knights of Columbus, Y. M. H. A., Federated Labor Council, Grange, Farmers Cooperative As¬ sociation, City Council, School Board, Library Trustees, Manu¬ facturers’ Association, Pastors’ As¬ sociation, Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, Masonic Order, B. P. O. E., Knights of Pythias, or similar or¬ ganizations locally represented). Members serve for the fiscal year for which they are appointed and until their successors have been chosen and qualified. 2. Participating organizations shall be entitled to representation on the basis of the numerical strength of their active membership, with a minimum of one representative for each organization. Organizations having more than one hundred members shall be entitled to one additional representative for each additional hundred members or fraction thereof.* 3. The method of selecting such repre¬ sentatives shall be determined by the governing board of the or¬ ganization they represent, but this Association shall be judge of the credentials of its members. Article II. Elections; Article III. Offi¬ cers•, and Article IV. Committees: Same as Form I. Article V. Meetings. Same as Article V of Form I, with the exception that in Section 2 ‘‘five per cent.” shall be changed to “ten per cent.,” and Section 3 shall read: A majority of the members of the Association shall constitute a quorum. * N. B.—For example, a Commercial As¬ sociation of 325 members chooses four members of the Memorial Building Asso¬ ciation. II Community JBmlbingg as ISHar iHemorials Article VI. Funds. Same as Article VI of Form I, ex¬ cept that Section 2 shall read: The Board of Trustees shall also have power, and is hereby direct¬ ed, to circulate each year a sum¬ mary of the Association activities and to solicit contributions from the residents of.and vicinity, which, with other avail¬ able revenues, shall constitute the maintenance fund, out of which all building maintenance and op¬ erating expenses of the Association shall be met. Article VII. Building , and Article VIII. Amendments: Same as Form !. 12 III. Cf )t ^financing of Jflemorial ^uilbings problem of financing Memorial Community Buildings is flL threefold. First, must come the securing of funds for the erec- tion of the building; second, the providing of proper equipment; and third, some plan of maintenance. Local conditions will largely de¬ termine the methods to be employed. CONSTRUCTION Funds for the erection of Memorial Community Buildings may be secured by any one of three general methods: 1. Voluntary contributions by popular subscription. 2 . Public funds secured by bond issue and taxation. 3. A combination of popular subscription and public funds. Popular Subscription . A strong feeling exists in many communi¬ ties that funds for memorial buildings should be raised solely by volun¬ tary contributions. The arguments presented are: that such tributes should be the free-will offering of the people as expression of gratitude and thanksgiving to the living and of reverence for the fallen; also, that by taxation, soldiers and sailors are made to help pay for their own memorials. The popular method of securing contributions is by a short campaign similar to the “drive” employed for the creation of war funds. Every community has had sufficient experience in the conduct of these drives to make a detailed outline of campaign unnecessary. Inasmuch as the memorial building movements are local rather than national, the necessary preliminary publicity will call for more effort, and those in charge of the campaign must develop a strong local program of pub¬ licity. It is usually advisable to have the memorial project worked out so that those in charge of the campaign may have a definite amount of money as the goal of the drive. The details may be postponed, but it is much easier to sell concrete plans than general ideas. By all means the actual drive for funds should be so organized that it will reach every source of contribution. It should be well timed and limited to a short, 13 Ccmmumtp JSuiltrings; a* ©Har ^Memorial* intensive campaign. All possible help in the way of speakers, exhibits, and special publicity features should be made use of. Among the devices employed in such drives are: (a) The sale of stock, non-assessable and non-dividend-paying, as provided for in the second form of organization (see page io). Such stock should be issued in certificates of small denomination, and the amount purchasable by a single buyer so limited as not to give the con¬ trol of the project to a small group of people. This danger may be avoided, however, by providing that all holders of stock shall have equal voice in the election of the memorial building trustees, regardless of the amount of stock held by the individual. (b) Subscriptions for bricks at one dollar ($i) each enter into the campaign plans at Philadelphia and Cincinnati. (c) Where the organization follows Form No. i (see page 6), memberships of various classes may be sold, or, better yet, all member¬ ships may be of uniform size, the amount being low enough to exclude no one, and the larger contributors being encouraged to purchase “plural” memberships. Should the membership method be adopted, it is quite essential that the privileges of membership be clearly defined and an¬ nounced to avoid future misunderstandings. In the majority of cases membership will carry with it no special privilege other than that of voting for the trustees or directors of the association. (d) Many communities are using the simple subscription method employed for raising funds during the Red Cross and United War Work drives. In all cases pledges should be made payable on the installment plan, and the amount to be raised should be large enough to allow for the shrinkage inevitable with the pledge method. The donation of Liberty Bonds and War Savings Stamps should be urged, and they should be accepted at par. True democracy is the essence of the community house movement; hence no would-be contributor should be barred because of limited means. Whatever method is used, some provision must be made for 14 JSuHetm dumber ®fjree small subscriptions. Memorial building stamps similar to War Savings Stamps and exchangeable for stock, bricks, and membership or other larger units may be utilized. Again, a pledge card, like a “sugar card,” with dates and amounts in sums of io cents, 25 cents, and 50 cents printed around the edges, to be punched upon payment, is another workable suggestion. Public Funds . Many communities argue that war memorials are public obligations to be paid for by public funds. Where these memorials are to take the form of buildings to be used by the public and open to all on an equal footing, the argument seems well sustained. This view is particularly defendable when the building is to serve other purposes than those of a community center. Several state legis¬ latures have recently passed laws definitely authorizing the issuance of bonds for the construction of memorial buildings, and providing for taxation as a means of maintenance. Many communities are planning to erect memorial buildings which shall provide space for municipal offices, auditoriums, libraries, art galleries, and other public purposes, in addition to the social and recreational features usually found in community houses. It is, of course, highly proper that all or a large part of the funds for such buildings be secured by bond issue to be funded by taxation. Combination of Subscription and Taxation . Where local condi¬ tions warrant, the funds for memorial buildings may be raised by a combination of popular subscription and public funds. In many cases where the popular subscription method is being employed, the city council or county commission has been invited to subscribe under the same terms as private contributors. In one instance, the total amount to be raised is being divided into three equal parts—one-third will be furnished by the county, one-third by the city, and one-third by popular subscription. EQUIPMENT As a general rule, the cost of construction and equipment are combined, and the funds for the joint purpose secured at one time. The equipment of the building, however, offers a unique opportunity Community SSutlbing* a* ®Har ifflemortate for special memorial features. Even in the case where construction funds are raised by taxation, it may be found desirable to accept popu¬ lar contributions for a large part of the equipment. Certainly some provision should be made for receiving gifts from those who desire to provide special memorials for relatives or friends. These gifts may be in the form of money to be used in the equipping of some special room, or in the form of appropriate paintings, or other definite memorial features. If lodges, societies, and other organizations desire to recognize the services of their members by special memorials, such an arrangement will be found most practicable. For example, the Camp Fire Girls may desire to raise funds for the construction of a large open fire-place; the local art society may contribute a group of mural paintings or ap¬ propriate pieces of sculpture. A special committee on equipment and furnishings should be de¬ tailed to develop this feature, and co-relate such contributions so as to avoid duplication of effort and insure the proper harmony. MAINTENANCE The method of securing funds for construction and equipment will determine to some extent the source of maintenance. Yet other factors will enter, chief of which will be the revenue derived from the use of the building. This in turn depends upon the nature of the building and the purposes to which it will be put. i. Revenue from Buildings (a) Rents. If the building is to become the headquarters of various patriotic, civic, art, literary or dramatic societies, the rent charged for office room and the use of the auditorium will largely, if not entirely pay its running expenses. This will apply particularly to renting the auditorium for concerts and other public gatherings, the gymnasium and halls for dancing parties, and the banquet-room for private purposes. In many cases the local chamber of commerce will make its headquarters in the building, and the secretary of this associa¬ tion may serve as general custodian of the building. In other communi¬ ties the building may be under the control of the local post of the 16 JSttUetm dumber ®bree American Legion, or of the local Community Service organization, where a similar arrangement for supervising the building may work out. In a large number of cities the community building will doubtless be linked up with the public school program, so as to permit the school children to use the gymnasium or other parts of the building. In such cases the renting of the community house to the school authorities will go far toward solving the maintenance problem. (b) Fees . Fees may be charged for gaming privileges, as for example, bowding alleys and billiard and pool tables. Nominal fees may also be charged for adult gymnasium classes, and use of the tennis courts and other playground facilities used by the grown-ups. As a rule children should not be charged for the use of these facilities, and where the school board does not provide for them, some other means should be found. (c) Profits and Concessions . Many community houses, when con¬ ducted by a working organization, will maintain refreshment facilities such as soda fountains, cigar and candy stands, and cafes. In such cases the profits will of course be devoted to the maintenance expenses. In other instances these concessions may be sold to private parties. 2 . Popular Subscription Maintenance funds may be provided or augmented by popular subscription, which may be secured by any of three methods, or by a combination thereof. (a) Annual membership dues, as provided for in organization form No. i. There is a danger in the membership idea, as those who are “not invited” or for other reasons feel “left out” may be the very ones most in need of the fellowship and services provided by the com¬ munity house. (b) Some communities are planning to conduct annual drives for maintenance funds, similar to the Red Cross and other War Fund drives. While such a method may perhaps serve to keep alive com¬ munity interest, it contains an element of possible risk in that the 17 Commumtp JSmlbtng* as; ®5Bar ifflemoriate enthusiasm may wane during the course of years, and some more systematic method may commend itself from a business viewpoint. (c) The “living endowment” plan is finding hearty endorsement in many cases. The following illustration wall explain it. Suppose it is found that an annual budget of $5,000 is needed. If money yields a net 5 per cent, interest, it would require an actual permanent endow¬ ment of $100,000 to provide an annual income of $5,000. To raise such an endowment fund at the time of the drive for the construction of the building is seldom advisable, if indeed possible. Again, the existence of an endowment large enough to support all activities, re¬ moves from the community house project the element of democracy, as it makes the users of the community house privileges the beneficiaries of those who contributed the endowment. It establishes a patronage that tends to thwart the impulse to pay one’s way. None of these objections are to be found in the “living endowment” idea. To raise $5,000 annually, issue $100,000 worth of living endow¬ ment certificates in denominations of from $50 up. These certify that the holder pledges to pay each year for the maintenance of the memorial community house the sum of $., being the equivalent of 5% interest on the face of his certificate. Thus a $100 living endowment certificate will yield $5 a year income for the maintenance fund. Such a certificate may be made “negotiable,” so that a holder upon leaving the community may pass on his certificate, with its obligations, to some friend, notice of such transfer to be mailed to the secretary of the board of directors of the memorial building association. Payment of interest may be made annually, semi-annually or quarterly, as indicated. Blocks of such certificates may be subscribed to by various societies and organizations, and by business corporations. In this way the com¬ munity itself becomes the endowment, and yields the needed income on a systematic, self-perpetuating plan. As certificates are cancelled for failure to yield the interest, they may be considered “poor investments,” and other certificates issued in lieu thereof. As the community house activities increase and a larger budget is needed, a new block of living endowment certificates may be issued and subscriptions secured by aid of a short, intensive campaign. iS ^Bulletin dumber ®fjree (d) A fourth method of providing for maintenance is that of a regular endowment. In a few communities this method is perfectly feasible, and may well be employed to provide at least a large part of the running expenses of the institution. It is quite possible that com¬ munity houses erected in certain sections of large cities where the popu¬ lation is of a shifting nature, would make such an endowment method a practical solution to the problem. Even in this case it is highly de¬ sirable that those who use the community house should pay a fair price for most of the privileges—not only as a source of revenue, but as a means of creating and maintaining self-respect and a feeling of inde¬ pendence. Again, instances will be found where wealthy patrons may wish to create an endowment fund as a memorial to individual heroes of the war. In such cases it may be advisable to provide that the income from such endowment be devoted to specific purposes; for example: the maintenance of the recreation field, or, provision for concert courses, or some other type of definite service. In conclusion, it seems wise to urge that all problems of finance receive mature deliberation, as it would be most unfortunate if the splendid impulse to commemorate fittingly the principles and heroism of the World War should result in the erection of buildings which will fail to function as fitting tributes to those who served. 19 ( Community Puilbtngg ag SSIar iWemorialfi PuUettnS 1. WHAT SORT OF WAR MEMORIAL? By Albert S. Bard. Advocating Community Houses as Memorials. Illustrated. (Formerly published as Bulletin No. 4 of the National Committee on Memorial Buildings.) 2. A LIVING MEMORIAL. Suggesting a program of community service, centering about a Com¬ munity House, as the truest memorial; and outlining the social, re¬ creational, art and educational possibilities of the community building. (Published by War Camp Community Service, and as Bulletin No. 2 of the National Committee on Memorial Buildings.) 3. THE PLANNING, MANAGING AND FINANCING OF MEMORIAL COMMUNITY HOUSES. Outlining a survey to determine the best type of building; suggesting forms of organization for local memorial building associations; and proposing methods of financing the erection and maintenance of the memorial. (Published in part in Bulletin No. 3 of the National Com¬ mittee on Memorial Buildings.) 4. EXISTING COMMUNITY HOUSES. Information about successful Community Houses; their architectural form and special features. Illustrated. 5. EXISTING PUBLIC AUDITORIUMS. Descriptions of the most successful memorial and other municipal audi¬ toriums and assembly halls. Illustrated. 6 . PROVISION FOR ART, MUSIC AND DRAMA IN MEMORIAL BUILDINGS. Illustrated. 7. PROGRESS OF THE MEMORIAL BUILDING MOVEMENT. Brief reports from towns and cities that have decided to erect buildings as war memorials. 8. MEMORIAL FEATURES IN COMMUNITY BUILDINGS. Suggestions as to tablets, inscriptions, trophy rooms, historical archives, etc. Illustrated. 9. THE ARCHITECTURE OF MEMORIAL COMMUNITY HOUSES. A collection of photographs, designs and plans, with descriptive text. 10. THE ARCHITECTURE OF LARGE MEMORIAL BUILDINGS. Illustrated by photographs and plans of auditoriums and other memorial buildings suitable for larger cities. n. THE SCHOOL AND THE MEMORIAL COMMUNITY HOUSE. Combination and co-operation. 12. REFRESHMENT FACILITIES IN MEMORIAL BUILDINGS. Technical suggestions as to arrangement and use. Single copies of these bulletins will be gladly supplied upon request, when in stock; price in quantities, $3.00 per hundred.