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STatacetecienh oo ee biees annie 2: so desene : pits eae Sy " ~ soe pr ments yep4tephe eet : : Aapeiays 7 ao it ani : * rer ipbene iit +3 mati : piseit : ; tata? cet pese RS Tean 2 peagae friritatieges ee featereeyeasty creas eRe ST Shae attaeeoe tie ye sso Test ft ae fais rest ees asa he Neve Se pea Patieee aot aty Dies opete Henares f : : ‘ tee eats hite bas | > eects if Fachsises Haat aeti aottse CSOT He + $3838) 2 } 4 > j : : z ie Heaps? rye * a 3+ j yes etat 26 F chrerstitee ; 4ia* fp? 7 hit ty tie 4 Ser eete ee SKC Cc J rer Sere THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY LOS W/SB29 (924 Garrett Biblicap tp A Sten, iiline ou 7 ‘ay f v * 4 vi ‘ ‘ THE SUNDAY SCHOOL AND THE HEALING OF THE NATIONS The Offictal Book of the World’s Ninth Sunday School Convention, held in Glasgow, Scotland, June 18-20, L924 Epitep By JOHN T. FARIS, D.D. UNIVEnSITY OF ILLINQIS. World’s Sunday School Association ONE MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK CITY The contents of this volume are offered freely to editors and others for reprinting; but the World’s Sunday School Execu- tive Committee requests that every such reprint be credited as follows: ““From ‘The Sunday School and the Healing of the Nations,’ the official book of the Ninth World’s Sunday School Convention at Glasgow, Scotland, June 18-26, 1924.’’ Garrett Biblical [nstitute -. Evanston, tiiinebs i” " ae Abd i aj aw? ‘i q | S \ VJ gS 1G) f =H ~ © o CONTENTS PART I , PAGE BEI TOR UN TRODUCTION: 5505 0s ccs vies wise Sse Gn cease se seecas 7 apeeeeine) Grid ’s) Conventions = 2 oo cs sso tis ats Sees sc wees 9 MIM TANOA LL CPS nk teOS, Seis aia aia he bi kod HS c/a s Wdka weiss 16 III. How the Convention Came to Glasgow ............... 18 ierrmrerennot: Glasgow leis. ee eb oie eels ode dane sads 20 VY. Ancestors of the Glasgow Hosts .........cesccescecs 23 VI. Some Facts About Scotland’s Chief City ............. 27 oe pemeenpatn Schools in Scotland ....6..0c6 cet accwsewece 30 watieevoraome to the Convention ...s..cc..ccs cs ee te seees 38 ry IX. The Convention Organization and Workers ........... 44 3 x PART II MemerrTORS OF THE CONVENTION .....0.c.cccvccccsseccsecens 49 ~/ I, The Convention as Seen by Glasgow Eyes ............ 51 ? Pvrercomes and Wntertainmonts 2. oa. > 6 visa ecd's «ep celee 63 _ Hl. Greetings and Messages ...........-. esses ee ee eens 70 ‘* Semrreport 01 tho.General Secretary. .....5....-50.0ceccre 74 X V. Report of the British Committee .........cc cece econ 87 ‘XO «VI. Surplus Material and Pass-It-On .................0.. 90 ILE MEECOMSUYOr ’S KCPOTt os... cee eee nieces veccctsensncce 92 * VIII. The Great Sunday School Exhibition .,........3....0. 96 Pe Ee AGE OL VSVOMOMDIANCE 2.0.6 cee ce cies seve svacsses 99 x IME TROD Eero isa Se Sc cie x0, 016 isle aie'¥ 6.0% sus'enete te galh'e ¢ 101 PIO UILOROIULIONS AGODLtCd nic. vic isieinise\ss vcjeaspls anes ease 102 XII. The Organization for the New Quadrennium .......... 106 SE IG er IDORL Ole BUNS is ws eae bie ols © tod ce ces ee ty cee 114 XIV. Conference of Association Officials ................... 121 Ea XV. Conference on Materials and Methods for scenes Edu- eerion oustoe Foreign Wield sy. vice. 2 cies pda sed deele se 126 ‘ XVI. Findings of the Divisional Conferences .............. 134 £ XVII. Report of Committee on Place of Next Convention .... 136 eteeovorid s. Convention. Pilgrims .......0...se0ccsseere 137 PART III t, MMMM MED VCLIA LS oly a so esse tens cyte hehe ecee sane ee st 139 e PART IV MPEETGONVENTION ADDRESSES .......000ccscccceccccvesctedecs 157 The Uplifted Christ. By Rev. P. D. Thompson, M.A., D.D. 159 =H Sunday Schools in Modern Christendom. By the Rev. Herbert BPE eEOUNOT DD occ ais fee Vee es Yoo sa dante OMe weg 163 3 82/886 j hat rata g CoNTENTS The, Devotional, Addresses © .j. Wii aeR weiss oes as see Dr. @altns ’s Addresses. 6. ein de « sis oles soir 0 eee eee Dr.QPhilips? Addrésses.. ... 665 sox cuss + 0 vse a oe eigen Whrée Chairmen’s Addresses 2.000 ..% 0.5 2 wes ols a The Sunday School and World Peace. By the Right ans Vis- count: Cecil of Chelwood | .6 s 05 /0c mens welsls ae sO The New World Situation. By Basil Mathews .............. The Sunday School and the World Call. By Rev. James I. Vance, DeDs ve ce FESS SO. SIS I The Churches and World Peace. By the Very Rev. E. A. Bur- roughs, D.D. os. c ews Bele eles wlelay sles © ses a)e en Christian Education, the Hope of Civilization. By Rev. Robert Mi, Hopkins 70.5 oe. cis crete ccovsia sieve le get ole. « she le RR The Place of Christian Education in World Evangelization, By Rev... William C::Poole,' PH.D... 3.5% 4 ¢ nase ae The Sunday School and Systematic Bible Study. By Rev. W. Y. Fullerton ......50..6% . sp shige os nite 3 ee ee The Sunday School and World Prohibition. By Rev. F. H. Otto Melle 232 6.2.00'6 ie cca bs Sin an ow orasely Bie te craton a The Home and the Sunday School. By Rev. Cleland B. Me- Afee,’D.D.; LODi sera ees ene es ake eee) en Reverence for the Sabbath Day. By Rev. L. B. Busfield ...... Winning the World Through Childhood. By Rev. D. W. Kurtz, DD a Pa ai "a tek, wea ina eee e Educating in Christian Stewardship. By Rev. Theodore Mayer Training for Future Leadership «20. 2 72.5. 2). ne eee 1. In Great Britain. By Miss Emily Huntley ............. 2. In North America. By Rev. C. A. Myers, M.A. ......... Recent Experiences in Lesson Course Making ................ 1. In Great Britain. By Rev. A. G. Garvie, D.D. .......... 2. On the Foreign Field. By Professor Erasmo Braga .... 3. In North America. By Luther A. Weigle, Ph.D., D.D. ... Juvenile Organizations for Boys and Girls .................. 1. The Boys’ Brigade. By the Very Rev. Sir George Adam Smith;(D:D:," LUD. .3re wc. st 1s nes 6 oe ee 2. The Girls’ Guildry. By the Hon. Miss MacGilchrist ..... 3. The Boy Scouts. By Lieut. Gen. Sir Robert Baden-Powell, Barts i toe Sod a Soa ete aan alana ae oy tne eee 4, The Girl Guides. By Mrs. Harrison Crawford ........... 5. The Boys’ Life Brigade. By Mr. D. L. Finnemore ...... 6. The Girls’ Life Brigade. By Rev. Carey Bonner ....... Brief Reports from the World Field .........:.«.- 0 itl ole aie 6 8 508 ornis 0 saa 416 ate ne aie SPAIN fais 2 5s a's, 0e Bie nie 0 2 cine aie, «ele Sneee ane as oe Portiigal &..i5s oo 70m alkielere s tele's'S, 2 a0chk vera tle. na eeeaen Hobland: is, «9p swede aisle aca sels anderen ellie ae Denmark . «a5.0 da fo, 4 svi saa 5 <5 55 be a ped» ene INGUWAY © 550 ale! ois g10 2 ms n.6. 5 he © ne arene WO bi telnenes nce) eee PAGE bY phi 180 189 195 201 208 210 216 224 229 235 240 250 254 258 263 263 266 270 270 275 278 287 287 290 291 293 294 296 297 297 298 299 299 300 300 301 staly 2... CoNTENTS oreo er eer eee eee eee eee eee ere eee eevee eee een ee ree MU MIRIIESMAT ORI AW foes Se ce kis 6 ea os giw es oot Wee Germany oer eee eee ee eer eseereeeseeveeeoeer ee eee eeeevreseaneex en Ee ah LG tg EE Ets Soe ise hve od Nawal whine Cees 2. Asia: Ceylon .. oeoeereevreer eer eevr eee eee eeeee eee eae ezeeeeseeeeeeeee oeeereee eee er er eee eevee sees ere eee eee eesee ere ee ees ore eeoeveeet eee eeeeteeereerese ee ese essere eee se eee eee 0 6 1656 (0.0 © 6 € 6 8 6 6 O18 6 COO DOS EEG OR OSG C064 ORES HEE CO PUMP SAATIFRIIG LOLA ne a sishesd' so o/s ss 'y'woa.s ¥.0i8 6 Sen ae 3. Africa: Algeria . oscrereere reer eevree ett eoeeeveset eevee seeaereee ee eeeaeere osoerereereereeve eee eee eee ereeeeeee ees eeer ee Peeve re 4, South America: Brazil .. Argentina orev ere eee er seereer eevee eeeeeeve eee ese seevee ee ees 5. Australia and New Zealand: Australia eoeereeeree eee eaereeereseeee eee se eereeeeee ee eeeee ER Saye Ok der ROS SE eh: aca RP a nar ee oP IMR DUES SSTON OL). ol. 'y wlnietea sishs o's Ga dies ces pune uses ass SME RELI) SO ROULCSA 8 gars shine ace ole oot wee eve ees s The All-Sufficient Christ. By Rev. Floyd W. Tomkins, 8.T.D. See IMLOVOl 5, AUUICHE) 6. ss sne ieee se ereevecwsne nes LIST OF DELEGATES APPENDIX PAGE 302 303 303 304 305 305 306 307 308 309 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Facing Page H. R. H. The Duke of York, Patron of the Convention ....... 8 St, Andrew’s Hall, Glasgow .... . fjnc«0 ds «00% css » «pnt 20 Rev. W.-C: Poole, Ph.D.,: President . 10:0.) «> 6 en 21 Convention Officials 20.0 .< oss 0s 01 ays ole a9. 4.5 © © @ inieiellelelsten 44 W..8..8,.A.> Officials... 0. tien os Was «ae a ee ple eeateeen 45 Field:.Secretaries <0. ¢ 6..)3 . 0.5 oii. eae, ae ss bs a 46-47 THE SUNDAY SCHOOL AND THE HEALING OF THE NATIONS Pak tet HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION ‘H. R. H. tHE DUKE oF York, Patron of the Convention HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION I. NINE WORLD’S CONVENTIONS HE honored Marion Lawrance, once Joint General Sec- retary of the World’s Sunday School Association, for years General Secretary of the International Sunday School Association, and, at the time of his death, Consulting General Secretary of the successor to that body, the Inter- national Council of Religious Education, attended seven of the eight World’s Conventions that preceded the Glasgow Convention, missing only the third. For the report of the Eighth Convention in Tokyo he prepared a summary, which, appropriately, is reprinted in this volume. The paragraph concerning the Ninth Convention has been added by the Editor. I. First Worip’s SunDAy ScHoot CoNnvEeNTION, London, England, July 1-6, 1889. The total number of registered delegates was 904, as fol- lows: 360 from the United States, 69 from Canada, 440 from Great Britain and Ireland, 35 from other countries. The Sunday-School enrollment of the world at that time was reported to be 19,715,781. The interest seemed to centre about India. Before the Convention adjourned, the British Sunday-School representatives had employed Dr. James L. Phillips to be their Sunday-School missionary to India. Sir Francis Belsey was elected president. Outstanding result: India organised. II. S—econp Worup’s SunpDAyY ScHoot CoNVENTION, St. Louis, Mo., August 30 to September 5, 1893. This was a com- bined convention of the World’s and International Associa- tions, the World’s Convention occupying the last three days. The joint enrollment of the two conventions was 882, fifty- five of whom were from Great Britain and other foreign lands, 9 oe we 10 SuNDAY ScHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS namely, Germany, India, Sweden, and one delegate from Burma. Doctor Phillips was present from India and made a stirring appeal in the interest of Japan. Two hundred and twenty- three dollars was raised spontaneously, most of which was thrown upon the platform at Doctor Phillips’ feet for the purpose of putting a Secretary into Japan, as the doctor had recommended. Asa result of this passionate appeal, Mr. T. C. Ikahara, a native Japanese educated in America, was later employed to become the Secretary for Japan. As a result of the interest created by Mr. Ikahara and those whose interest he had secured in the work, Mr. Frank L. Brown, Dr. H. M. Hamill, and others visited the Orient several years later and effected Sunday-School organisations in Japan, Korea, China, and the Philippine Islands. Mr. B. F. Jacobs was elected president and chairman of the Executive Committee. Outstanding result: Japan, Korea, China, and the Philip- pines organised. III. Tarrp Worup’s SUNDAY ScHoot CoNvENTION, London, England, July 11-16, 1898. The delegates from North America, numbering more than two hundred, sailed in a char- tered Cunard ship, the Catalonia, from Boston, June 29, 1898. The voyage was made memorable by a fire in the hold of the ship. The first intimation that anything was wrong was had by the ship officials, who noticed that the refrigerator was not functioning. Investigation showed that the cargo of cotton in the hold was on fire. The delegates were called out of bed at midnight and stood on the deck until daybreak, while the valiant crew, assisted by many members of the touring party, fought the flames. Finally the last bale of burning cotton was thrown overboard, and all joined in singing ‘‘ Praise God From Whom All Blessings Flow.’’ This convention enrolled 1,154 delegates, 299 of whom were from North America, representing thirty states and prov- ineces. Most of the delegates were from Great Britain, though Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland were represented. Mr. Edward Towers was elected president and also chairman of the Execu- tive Committee. NINE WoruD’s CONVENTIONS 11 Outstanding result: Development of the Sunday-School work of Continental Europe. IV. FourtH Worip’s SuNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION, Jeru- salem, April 17-19, 1904. On March 8, 1904, 817 delegates sailed from Hoboken on the North German Lloyd Steamship, Grosser Kiirfiirst. The delegates lived on shipboard except during the land travel in the Holy Land and in Egypt. Forty- three states, seven provinces, and nine countries were repre- sented on that ship. Stops were made at missionary ports en route, where inspirational meetings were held as we went along. Offerings were taken amounting to approximately four thousand dollars for the missionary enterprises represented in these stations. The Convention was held in two tents made into one just north of the north wall of Jerusalem and at the edge of Calvary, overlooking the Mount of Olives. Fifteen hundred and twenty-six delegates were registered ; twenty-five countries were represented in all, and fifty re- ligious denominations. The ship stopped en route at Madeira, Gibraltar, Algiers, Malta, Athens, Smyrna, Constantinople, Haifa, Joppa, Alexandria, Naples and Villefranche. This wonderful trip was made possible by three great leaders, namely, Messrs E. K. Warren, W. N. Hartshorn, and A. B. McCrillis. Probably there never had been so many prominent Sunday-School leaders gathered together before as were rep- resented on this voyage. The North American delegates, for the most part, returned on the same ship after an absence of seventy-two days. The British section also chartered a ship, the Victoria Augusta, and brought 485 delegates. Mr. E. K. Warren was elected president. Outstanding result: World-wide recognition of the Sunday School. V. Firta Worup’s SuNDAY ScHOOL CONVENTION, Rome, Italy, May 18-23, 1907. There were two chartered ships from North America, the Romanic and the Neckar. Sixty-six coun- tries were represented in this convention by 1,118 delegates. A notable meeting was held in the Colosseum. Under the direction of Dr. C. R. Blackall, a notable Sunday-School ex- hibit or exposition was arranged in the convention building. ay SUNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS Dr. F. B. Meyer, of Great Britain, was elected president, and Dr. George W. Bailey chairman, of the Executive Committee. Outstanding result: World’s Sunday School Association definitely organised for service. VI. StxtH Worup’s SunpAY ScHooLt CONVENTION, Wash- ington, D. C., May 19-24, 1910. More than twenty-five hun- dred delegates registered, and there were thousands of visitors. It was, without doubt, the largest Sunday-School Convention ever held. It was recognised by an Act of Congress to adjourn its sessions in order to permit the members who desired to do so to participate in the men’s parade. President William H. Taft was present with Mrs. Taft, and addressed the Con- vention. Joint secretaries were elected at this convention: Rey. Carey Bonner of London, and Mr. Marion Lawrance of Chicago. This was the beginning of paid secretarial leader- - ship. Seventy-five thousand dollars was raised for three years’ work. It was decided to send Mr. Brown to the Orient, Mr. Arthur Black to South Africa, and Rev. H. 8. Harris to South America, for Sunday-School investigations. Practically every state and province in North America was represented among the delegates, and there were many representatives from abroad. Outstanding result: World’s Sunday-School work financed. VII. StventH WorLD’s SuNDAY ScHOOL CONVENTION, Zurich, Switzerland, July 8-15, 1913. In preparation for this convention, two pre-convention events of unusual importance took place. One was the visit of the Joint Secretary, Mr. Marion Lawrance, to Great Britain for the purpose of holding meetings throughout that country. Mr. Lawrance spent about ninety days on this trip in the fall of 1911, visiting thirty-five different cities in England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, hold- ing 110 meetings, and addressing 77,000 people. He was ac- companied at various meetings by Dr. F. B. Meyer, Rev. Carey Bonner, Sir George White, Sir Robert Laidlaw and others. Early in the year of 1913, Mr. H. J. Heinz with a party of twenty-nine people made a tour through the Orient, visiting Japan and Korea, passing through Siberia and Russia by rail, Nine Worwup’s CoNvENTIONS 13 and on to the Convention at Zurich. This was the first World Sunday-School tour of the kind, and created immense interest not only in Japan, but throughout the world. As a result of this tour, the World’s Eighth Sunday School Convention was invited to the city of Tokyo, Japan, and two delegates from Japan, namely, H. Kozaki, D.D., and K. Ibuka, D.D., of Tokyo, were present at Zurich and extended the invitation for the next convention to come to Japan. At the Zurich Convention there were 2,609 delegates, inelud- ing 221 missionaries, 47 pastors, 601 Sunday-School superin- tendents, and other officers, and 9838 Sunday-School teachers. The balance registered as scholars. Seventy-five religious de- nominations and sects were represented, from fifty-one coun- tries. The programme covered eight days. Every province in Canada was represented, and every state in the Union but two. The main features of the programme were the reports of six great commissions with from twenty to fifty people on each commission, organised for the purpose of studying the Sunday-School work as to its present conditions and future possibilities, in the following localities: Commission No. 1—Continental Europe—Bishop Nuelsen of Zurich, chairman. Commission No. 2—South Africa—Dr. F. B. Meyer of Lon- don, chairman; Mr. Arthur Black of London, secretary. Commission No. 3—India—Sir Robert Laidlaw of London, chairman; Rev. Richard Burges of India, secretary. Commission No. 4—Orient—Mr. H. J. Heinz, chairman; Mr. Frank L. Brown, secretary. Commission No. 5—Latin America—Dr. Robert E. Speer, chairman; Rev. H. 8. Harris, secretary. Commission No. 6—Mohammedan Lands—Bishop J. C. Hart- zell, chairman; Dr. Samuel Zwemer of Cairo, Egypt, secretary. Sir Robert Laidlaw was elected president, and Mr. H. J. Heinz, chairman, of the Executive Committee. Outstanding result of this Convention: The work estab- lished. 14 SuNDAY ScHOOL AND HEALING or NATIONS VIII. EiehtH Worwupd’s SunpAy ScHooL CONVENTION, Tokyo, Japan, October 5-14, 1920. The original time fixed for holding this Convention was the spring of 1916, but the World War delayed its being held until 1920. This Convention was attended by 1,814 accredited dele- gates representing five continents and seventeen countries. North America was represented by 850 delegates. The largest delegation, numbering 105, came from Pennsylvania. The Japanese raised Yen 280,000 ($140,000) to entertain the Convention, His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor, con- tributing Yen 50,000 toward this sum. Outstanding features of the Convention are as follows: A special building erected by the Japanese Committee at their own expense in which to hold the sessions of the Convention. The complete destruction of the building by fire a few hours before the Convention opened—no lives lost. Plans quickly reorganised and Convention opened on time. Imperial theatre, seating capacity, 3,000, used. Outstanding result: The work enlarged. New Associations formed in Australia, New Zealand, Czechoslovakia, Hun- gary, Ceylon; India reorganised. IX. NintH Worwp’s SunpAy ScHooL CONVENTION, Glas- gow, Scotland, June 18-26, 1924. Fifty-four nations were represented in this Convention by 2,810 registered paid delegates and many hundreds of visitors. A conference of Association officials, bringing together rep- resentatives from twenty-five National and International units sat for two days preceding the Convention studying a survey of needs and achievements. An illuminating feature of the Convention was the Sunday- School Pageant given every evening during the Convention period in a separate building. Hundreds were turned away nightly. The Pageant gave the development of religious edu- cation from the time of Abraham to the present. Outstanding results: By-laws amended making the World’s Sunday School As- sociation a federation of National and International Sunday- School Units—thirty-one units reported. NINE WorR.LD’s CONVENTIONS 15 A World Survey Commission appointed to make a compre- hensive study of national organizations and their needs. A Curricula Commission appointed to make a comprehen- sive study of lesson syllabi throughout the world field. II. OFFICIAL CALL FOR THE NINTH CONVENTION OF THE WORLD’S SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION T'o the Sunday-School Workers in Every Land, Greeting! N the name of the Sunday-School workers of Great Britain [ and Ireland we, the officers of the World’s Sunday School Association, invite Sunday-School workers from all nations to attend the World’s Ninth Sunday School Conven- tion to be held in Glasgow, Scotland, June 18-26, 1924. It is nearly three years since the Sunday-School workers of the world assembled in Tokyo. Some of the results of that Convention are already known, especially the change in the attitude of the Far East toward Christian teaching; where there was oftentimes distrust there is now open-minded in- quiry. The influence of the Christian Churches and the thirty millions and more members of the Sunday Schools of the world ought to be a force sufficiently intelligent and influen- tial to create a mind and a heart attitude that is Christian among the youth of the on-coming generations that will for- ever cast out the spirit that breeds war. Christian education is beset with problems in every land and it is time for us to meet and commune together that we may receive fresh vigour and knowledge to face the serious conditions with which we are confronted. This Ninth Convention will have as its motto: ‘‘That the world may know that thou hast sent me.’’ The daily pro- gramme will cover every phase of Sunday-School work at home and in the mission fields. At Tokyo the Scottish National Sabbath School Union in- vited the World’s Sunday School Association to come to Glasgow, and the invitation is peculiarly fitting. Glaseow— in which city the meetings are to be held—has for its civic motto: ‘“‘Let Glasgow Flourish by the Preaching of the Word.’”’ The city, though known chiefly as a commercial and 16 OFFICIAL CALL AY) shipping centre, founded by Saint Kentigern about 450 A. D., ig an ancient Cathedral and University town. Scotland, on which the eyes of the religious world will be set in 1924, has long been well known as a Bible-loving coun- try, whose Christian people have in time of persecution bled and died for their faith. It is the land of John Knox, David Livingstone, John G. Paton, and James Chalmers, and many others renowned in the history of missionary work. Seottish hospitality is cordially offered and a warm wel- come is assured to all who find their way to the Convention. All who purpose attending should make early application for membership. Delegates from India, Continental Europe and Great Britain should communicate with the General Secre- tary, World’s Sunday School Convention, 70 Bothwell Street, Glasgow, and all others with the General Secretary, the World’s Sunday School Association, 216 Metropolitan Tower, New York City. Let all who are interested pray for the officers and the com- mittees charged with the responsibility of the Convention plans, to the end that great glory be given to the name of Jesus in Whose Name the world can have peace. Issued in the name of THE Hon. J. J. Macnaren, D.C. L., LL.D., President of the World’s Sunday School Association; Mr. ArtHuR M. Harris, New York, Chairman of Executive Committee —W.8S.8.A.; W. G. Lanpss, C. E. D., General Secretary—W.S. 8S. A.; Tue Rr. Hon. Lorp PENTLAND, G.C.S.L, President of the Convention Council; JAMES KELLY, M.A., General Secretary of the Convention. April 2, 1923. a Ill. HOW THE CONVENTION CAME TO GLASGOW By Mr. JAMes Keniy, Hon. Convention Secretary T the Convention of 1920 in Tokyo, requests to hold the A next quadrennial meeting of the World’s Sunday School Association in their country were forthcoming from more than one nation. This sign shows that the Orient and the Occident alike were wakening up to the importance of educat- ing and leading their children to establish the Kingdom of God on earth. After much consideration, the Executive Com- mittee decided to accept the invitation of the Scottish National Sabbath School Union, and so the honour of housing the 1924 Convention fell to Glasgow. Sunday-School teachers and other delegates had conferred together in the East soon after the War; the World’s Sunday School Association leaders recognised that the next place to rekindle enthusiasm for Christ’s work was in the West, where the European nations were still under the shadow of the Great War. An honest endeavour had to be made to gather representatives of all nations into one house,—God’s house,—where all were one in Christ. It was felt that the Christian education of the young of every country should be animated and inspired by the same ideals, the same visions, and the same resources to be found in God, the Creator of us all. Young nations born after the War were crying out for instruction and examples of how to educate their young citizens in a fit and proper fashion. The older nations of Europe which had been at war with each other, were needing to learn afresh and to see manifested all round them the innocent spirit of childhood and the en- thusiastic idealism of youth. It was hoped that a new era of international friendship would be inaugurated with the birth of the League of Nations. Now was the time for the churches to take their stand in the market places, and fly their colours for all to see; the voice of God must be proclaimed on all occasions to ensure that Christ’s promise might be realised—‘‘I am come that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly.’’ 18 How CONVENTION CAME TO GLASGOW 19 Seotland stands between the New World and the Continent of Europe. The spirit which sent out David Livingstone is still alive in Scottish hearts. Laymen and ministers alike are striving to uphold the glorious traditions of the Scottish Sabbath and preserve the splendid religious heritage. A World’s Convention held every four years enables Sun- day-School teachers to exchange views as to the best methods of developing a strong, self-reliant Christian character. Hight meetings of the World’s Sunday School Association had already been held but none of these had taken place in Seotland. The biggest demonstration of Christian unity would be found in this Convention, where denominational and national differences would be set aside for the sacred cause of winning the young for Christ. Unity is strength, and a strong current of keen living religion was required to galvanise into activity all the workers, actual and possible, who were needed to promote the efficiency of Sunday-School work. British colonial delegates would enjoy visiting the old coun- try; Americans have already found the way to Scotland; and warm Scottish hospitality was assured for all Continental and Oriental friends. The Scottish National Sabbath School Union has its headquarters in a city whose motto is, ‘‘ Let Glasgow Flourish by the Preaching of the Word’’; to assist in that fine task, and from that centre to inspire the whole world to prosper through Christ, the Ninth Convention was held in Glasgow. Mr. James Cunningham, Treasurer of the British Commit- tee of the World’s Sunday School Association, was delegated to attend the Eighth Convention in Tokyo, and to extend the official invitation to hold the next series of inspiring meet- ings in Scotland. An Englishman some time ago decreed that, ‘‘East is East and West is West, And never the twain shall meet,’’ but the Secotsmen under God’s guidance achieved that desir- able end of gathering all nations together to accept Jesus Christ as the Saviour of all nations. IV. A SKETCH OF GLASGOW* 5438—1923 By T. C. F. BrotcHir URING the Roman occupation of Scotland, A. D. 81 to ID A. D. 410, there was a Roman camp or outpost guard- ing the fords of Clyde at Glasgow, and the Roman Wall across Scotland, from Old Kilpatrick on the Clyde to Carri- den on the Forth, skirts the borders of the present city. The place named Glasgow means the beloved green place, from the British branch of the Celtic language ‘‘glas,”’ viridis, and ‘‘eu’’ or ‘‘gu,’’ carus, and it probably took its origin from the spot where Kentigern or Mungo, its patron Saint, met St. Columba (the monk of Jona and the founder in Scotland of Christianity), and where the first Church of Glasgow was erected. Like a large number of the Scottish burghs or towns, Glas- gow owed its existence to the Church, under whose fostering care and protection it existed for centuries. To this fact we owe the complete knowledge we possess of its early history. The original charters and grants made to the early Bishops have been preserved and transcribed. For example, King William granted to Bishop Jocelin the right to hold a Fair at Glasgow yearly from 6th July. The Fair of Glasgow is historic. It has been held yearly for 784 years, and next month will witness its 735th anniversary. Our patron Saint was born in 518 A. D., and was christened Kentigern. In later years he was known as Mungo or ‘‘dear one’’; Cymric Mwyn, ‘‘gentle,’’ and ‘‘gu,’’ dear or beloved, and at Glasgow, Kentigern established his Church circa 543 A. D., where he laboured until his death in -603 A. D. He was buried ‘‘beneath a stone on the right side of the altar in his Church.’’ During the long subsequent centuries, the burial place of St. Mungo or Kentigern was guarded with jealous care. It “Condensed from the Official Programme. 20 aiay{T SVM NOILLNGANOO AHL AYA MA ¢ MODSVTY “TIIV H S, MGYANY ‘LS EV. W. C. PooLe, PH.D., President, Torld’s Sunday School Association, 1924-1928 A SKETCH oF GLASGOW 21 was the sacred place of the tribes of Strathclyde, and the germ from which has sprung the great modern city of Glas- gow. Of the Church of St. Mungo’s day, no vestige remains, but on its site and in the twelfth century there was erected a cathedral—a shrine built over and around the resting place of the Saint and also embracing his Holy Well. In 1238, the erection of the present cathedral was com- menced by Bishop Bondington. What is known as the Crypt or Lower Church and the Choir were completed in his time. In 1415, Bishop Lauder carried the existing spire as far as the first battlement, and it was continued and completed by his suecessor, Bishop Cameron, in 1440. The University of to-day enjoys a magnificent situation, crowning a bold escarpment that overlooks the city, and lends dignity and impressiveness to the honoured seat of learning. Sir Gilbert Scott was the architect, and on 2d June, 1866, Professor Thomson cut the first sod. The University of Glas- gow is an ancient foundation. It is the second oldest of the four Scottish Universities, the order of foundation being— St. Andrews, 1411; Glasgow, 1451; Aberdeen, 1494; and Edinburgh, 1582. The first and probably the primary difficulty which stood in the path of the commercial development of the city was the inability to bring ships up the River Clyde. Between the city and the sea, a distance of about twenty miles, there was a shallow stream, full of shoals and shifting sand banks and navigable only by rowing boats. In 1790, the work of dredging and deepening the Clyde was begun in earnest by the Glasgow Corporation, and continued by the Clyde Navi- gation Trustees, to which the harbour undertaking was transferred in 1809. The year 1811 witnessed the birth of steam navigation. In that year there was launched at Port- Glasgow the steamer Comet, the product of the genius of Henry Bell. It is interesting to mention that Fulton, who built and launched in 1808 the Clermont on the River Hud- son, constructed his ship from the plans of the Comet, a copy of which he got from Bell when on a visit to Scotland. Earlier still by eight years was the sailing on the Forth and Clyde Canal of the paddle-steamer Charlotte Dundas. This small steamship was running on the canal in 1801, and she was un- 22 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS questionably the first practicable steamship in the world. The original model of the Comet made to scale by her builder, John Wood, forms one of the treasures in the shipbuilding section of the Art Galleries and Museum at Kelvingrove, where also is to be seen a fine model of the Charlotte Dundas. With the advent of the Comet, shipbuilding and engineer- ing activities spread rapidly on the Clyde. The deepening and improving of the river were continued by the Clyde Trustees, and up to the present year the total cost of making this once shallow salmon stream, a river capable of carrying the largest: of ocean liners right into the heart of the city, has cost something like £8,000,000. The minimum depth of the channel is now 25 feet, and at high water about 40 feet. Indication of the progress of the trade associated with this development is the expansion of the annual revenue of the Clyde Navigation Trust. It has increased from £3,000 in 1800 to over £1,000,000 annually at the present day. V. ANCESTORS OF THE GLASGOW HOSTS over the Atlantic, enters the estuary of the Clyde in late April. Then the vivid green of the slopes that reach down to greet the river have their best opportunity to astonish and eratify him. Until the-reality is seen it is difficult to believe that there can be such colour as the green of Scotland in the early days of spring. But the journey up the Clyde to Glasgow always charms the traveller, no matter what the season, or whether the jour- ney is taken by water or by the railway from Greenock. If the railway is taken, there may be time for a visit to the site of the Auld West Kirk of Greenock, which, after cling- ing for more than three centuries to its historic site on the Clyde, has at last given way to encroaching shipyards, but not until the owners agreed to rebuild it elsewhere exactly as it stood for centuries—including the family pew of James Watt, the builder of the first steam engine, who was a native of Greenock. From Greenock to Glasgow twenty-two miles of river bank give forth the sound of the hammer and the forge or the in- termittent flash of the furnace fires which led the poet Camp- bell to write lines which every lover of nature reads sympa- thetically : 7 rae: ‘* And call they this improvement? to have changed My native Clyde, thy once romantic shore, Where Nature’s face is banished and estranged, And Heaven refiected in thy waves no more; Whose banks, that sweetened May-day’s breath before, Lie sere and leafless now in summer’s beam, With sooty exhalations covered o’er; And for the daisied greensward, down thy stream, Unsightly brick lanes smoke and clanking engines gleam.’’ eatin Atle is the traveller who, after a stormy passage i pois sea nf cetera Et aa 4 The din of busy shipbuilding yards accompanies the trav- eller to Glasgow, the city that is proud of Kentigern’s mis- sionary activities in the sixth century, and of the motto that is his memorial, ‘‘Let Glasgow Flourish by the Preaching of 23 ) 24 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS the Word.’’ Modern Glasgow—the Glasgow of vast commer- cial conquests—is little more than two centuries old, though many of its monuments—like the sturdy Cathedral, for in- stance—tell of the centuries when the site of the village that became a town long before it expanded to metropolitan pro- portions, was still the ‘‘dear green spot’’ of the Celts. That Cathedral, to which Scott’s ‘‘Rob Roy’’ makes so many references, was already old during the days when the brave Covenanters thought they were doing God’s service by stand- ing out against the efforts made by the English king to com- pel them to accept the Liturgy of the Church of England. From the day when, in Edinburgh’s St. Giles’s Cathedral, famous Jenny Geddes flung her ‘‘creepie stool’’ at the head of the Bishop who tried to read from the Prayer Book, to the March day in 1638, when the National Covenant was signed in Greyfriars Churchyard, also in Edinburgh, men, high and low, pledged their lives, if need be, to the battle with a form of religion they hated. Then for a generation and more, these sturdy men, supported by determined women, stood out against what conscience assured them was wrong. Glasgow has reminders of these stern Christians. Stirling has its Martyrs’ Memorial, close to the Castle on its rocky height, and from Glasgow to Edinburgh, and south to the English border, there are whispered tales of those heroic days similar to those disclosed to one of the delegates to the Ninth World’s Sunday School Convention in the course of his search for facts concerning a humble but God-fearing aneestry. Out of a cottage not far from Ayr, the town to which Robert Burns gave lasting fame, came a diary in which Alexander Reid gave ‘‘A Short Account of the Lord’s Gracious, Merciful and Remarkable Providence, Both in Spiritual and Temporal Things.’’ Extracts from that diary are worth giving because they tell so much of the spirit that made the Seotland which welcomed the Sunday-School hosts in 1924. It began: By the good providence of God I was educated and brought up in the parish of Kirkliston in my younger age. My parents were a good example before me of seeking God. Many times when I was very young, my father praying in the family, I thought, O that I could pray, going along with the words of that prayer. I was instructed not to curse nor ANCESTORS OF THE GuLAsSGow Hosts 25 swear nor break the Sabbath day, from which, by the mercy of God, I was easily restrained; and many times upon my companions playing on the Sabbath day I durst not do it, although I had an inclination to do it. I was put to school young, so that I learned to read the Scriptures. I greatly delighted to read the Scriptures in my youth. I read the Seriptures much after I was nine or ten years old, and also preaching books, so that I was taught and brought up in Presbyterian principles, which I saw clearly were according to the Word of God. I was also in my younger days instructed in our Catechisms and Confession of Faith, which is the ground of our Christian religion; and coming to more age, being so instructed, I came to understand that the Nation and I myself by my baptismal vows and instructions, was bound by our solemn cove- nants. And when I was nine or ten years of age, I had an inclination to seek God, which I did sometimes now and then, but had stronger repulses from the suggestions of Satan not to do it. But when I grew older, about thirteen, I had greater convictions for neglect of prayer. Yet the Lord in mercy helped me to look after him. The diary tells of the year 1666, when the persecution of the Covenanters ‘‘grew hotter and hotter,’’ and they were compelled to worship God in hidden places on the moors and in the hills. ‘‘That summer I could work little or none,’’ the diarist wrote, ‘‘but was lying here and there in the fields, wrestling on the ground, mightily straitened in prayer many times.’’ Then he was arrested and fined for being at con- venticles and for baptising children at them. He told of his narrow escape, when twenty soldiers surrounded his house. Again he wrote: My wife laboured the farm, with some servants, for this year, I wandering to and fro, in daily hazard. One night the troopers were sent out to apprehend some that were in hazard, but I providentially went from home that same day before the troopers came. They made a narrow search, but I escaped their hands. That same night there came a party to seek a companion of mine, I going to his house near twelve o’clock at night. He told me he had a way to escape if there was any hazard. When we were well lien down, the troopers came to the door and we hastily escaped out of a window three house high, and slid down the wall without any hurt and mercifully and wonderfully escaped their hands. The diary is full of expressions of faith. For instance: ‘‘I remark this, the mighty power of God. When he has a mind to deliver his Church and people, none can withstand it. Our deliverance was eminently his hand. ‘Lo, this is our God, and we waited for him; we rejoice in his salvation.’ ’’ 26 SUNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS Many of those who were the hosts of the Convention had a heritage like that. Can it be thought strange that they are enthusiasts for the Sunday School, with its programme of teaching the boys and girls, and the young men and women to know and love the Lord? VI. SOME FACTS ABOUT SCOTLAND’S CHIEF CITY (From The Christian Endeavor World) LASGOW is the chief city in Scotland in point of popu- Se lation and of trade. After London it is the largest city in the British Isles. In 1801 it had a population of only 77,385. In 1921 it had 1,034,069. The city is more than twenty miles from the sea, and began its history on the banks of the River Clyde, a broad but shallow stream. This river has been deepened at prodigious cost, and vessels three hundred feet long, drawing twenty- three feet of water, can steam right to the heart of the city. The port is the largest in Scotland, handling more shipping than even Greenock, which is situated at the mouth of the Firth of Clyde. To provide room for the ships that come to the port from all maritime countries in the world great docks have been built, and one of the delights of Glasgow youth is to watch the Leviathans of the deep crawl lazily into the locks that admit vessels to the docks, and see them pass through. The push of the ocean drives the sea water right up to the city, causing tides that make necessary docks that are fur- nished with locks. Glasgow has one enormous advantage: it is situated in the midst of a rich coal and iron region. At night the light from great blast furnaces illumines the sky. A few miles from the city one comes upon coal mines which employ many thousands of men. Coal, iron, and an exit to the sea have made the city prosperous, although much must be credited to the citizens, who have shown wonderful ingenuity and enterprise. It was in Glasgow that James Watt made his improvements on the steam engine, and here Henry Bell in 1812 was the first man in the Old World to demonstrate the practicability of steam navigation. No other British city except London has a larger variety of industries than Glasgow. Every trade that depends on coal and iron is there, and cotton, wool, and textiles are Glasgow staples. 27 28 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS The little seed from which this mighty city grew was un- doubtedly the bishopric founded by St. Mungo about the year 560. The seed took a long time to germinate, for the history of the place is a blank until about 1115, when David, King of Seotland, laid the foundations of a cathedral on the site of the present structure. For two centuries after that Glasgow was an insignificant town of not more than 1,500 inhabitants. As late as 1556 Glasgow rated eleventh among the cities of Scotland. Seotland is a land of sturdy bridges. One never sees any- where the poor structures of wood such as disgrace an im- portant city like Boston. Rivers are spanned by stone bridges that seem to be built for eternity. There are at least ten bridges that cross the Clyde at Glas- gow. Two of them are great railroad viaducts, and two are suspension bridges for foot passengers only. The bridges that earry traffic are beautiful structures, erected to endure. And besides these, there is a subway running under the river, a tunnel that takes both foot passengers and vehicles. In the centre of the city are no open parks, but there are a number in the suburbs. Glasgow Green (‘‘Glesea Green’”’ the natives call it) is nearest the heart of the city, and is in a congested section. The Green is on the banks of the Clyde, and multitudes make use of it and enjoy boating on the river. On Saturday afternoons and Sundays street preachers of all varieties hold forth on the Green, wherever they can find audiences. Here is a group preaching the gospel. Near by is another group around a man who is proving to his own satis- faction that there is no God. Debates are common, and a preacher must be ready to ‘‘give a reason to everyone that asketh him’’ if he ventures to take up his stand on Glasgow Green. Some of the speakers are veterans. Harry Long, who passed from this earthly scene many years ago, was a terror in argument to agnostics. He knew all their arguments and was usually able to discomfit them. The writer has seen more than one of them pack up and silently depart when Long ap- peared, and has heard him derisively shout to them to stand their ground like men and meet him in debate. They smiled and slipped away. SoME Facts AsBout GLASGOW 29 Glasgow is becoming a city of memories to the older gen- eration. The Saltmarket and the entire section around it, a den of thieves in the middle of last century, is completely renovated. In place of the narrow streets, which Sir Walter Seott describes in some of his novels, one walks through a broad thoroughfare. The bird market, where birds were sold in great quantities, is there. Glasgow has many attractions. A trip down the harbour in a small vessel (the municipality runs such boats) gives one an idea of the immensity of the enterprises that root in this place. Most fascinating of all is the view of the forest of masts that fill the harbour. On the docks every language under the sun is spoken, and all races mingle in the ‘‘ Bromie- law,’’ the water front near the centre of the city. The greater part of the people live in tenement houses, which are great stone structures. There is a common doorway in each building, and a common stairway, the various apart- ments opening off the landings. In the West End, where wealth disports itself, the houses are one-family dwellings. VII. SABBATH SCHOOLS IN SCOTLAND* By JAMES CUNNINGHAM, J. P. reading and Sabbath-keeping country. To its people of both high and low degree religion has been a vital part of life, and liberty to worship the God of their fathers in the form approved by their own conscience, was dearly bought by the blood of many martyrs and by long-continued trials and sufferings. The struggles, which culminated in the overthrow of Roman Catholicism in the sixteenth century and of Episcopacy in the seventeenth, did much to mould the serious, thoughtful character, the sturdy Scottish independence and self-reliance which are so marked features of the race. During these gen- erations of persecution, habits of Bible study were formed. The fathers and mothers taught the children, family worship was common and an atmosphere of a religious nature main- tained. In those early days it was necessarily oral teaching, and this led to long memory lessons and instruction by eate- chising. In course of time this was furthered by the early Church publishing various Catechisms, until, in 1647 the Westminster Assembly of Divines prepared their fa#hous Larger and Shorter Catechisms. This last came to be uni- versally adopted and formed the groundwork of Scottish re- ligious education. At the time of the Reformation the training of the young in religious knowledge was strongly urged by the Fathers of the Church. Now in many outlying districts, regular or- dained ministers could not always be had, so the services were conducted by devout laymen. At such gatherings the children were catechised, and we have here the germ of Sab- bath-School work developing quietly in many a village and hamlet unknown to the outside world until a network of Sab- bath Schools was spread all over the land. Saar has long been known as a God-fearing, Bible- *Condensed from the Official Programme, 30 SABBATH SCHOOLS IN SCOTLAND 31 In the records of the General Assembly of the Church, of Scotland for 1560, the first year of its existence, we find that it is provided that one of the services on each Lord’s Day should include worship and sermonising, the other should be given to worship and catechising of the young and ignorant. In course of time this wise arrangement seems to have been departed from, and as a rule the young came to be badly neg- lected; but, as the Church relaxed its efforts, laymen took up the work. Among the earliest records which we can find of organised Sabbath-School work in Scotland, is, that in 1709, there was founded in Edinburgh The Society for Propagating Chris- tian Knowledge. This society secured the services of school- masters in remote places where there was no regular Church service. These men were to meet the children on Sabbath afternoons and make them repeat the Catechism publicly, and ecatechise them and such other persons as would submit themselves thereto. The society had a long and successful career, and about a hundred years later we find it empha- sising the spiritual character of its work in these words: ‘‘The erand and important end which the society do—and always have proposed to themselves by their appointments—is the salvation of souls.’’ We do not find any evidence or expectation that the Churches should, as religious bodies, take any leading part in the promotion or encouragement of such work. Instead, joint committees of laymen with representatives from the Churches and municipalities were sometimes formed, while ministers of various denominations were found carrying on Sabbath-School work in their own fields. Church courts looked askance at such efforts and were known to discourage even secular education. In the seventeenth century it is re- corded that the clergy complained to the magistrates of Glas- gow of the plurality of schools and expressed the opinion that two—the Grammar School and the ‘‘Sang’’ School—were quite sufficient. In 1658 a Dame who aspired to enter into competition with the Grammar School was obliged to close a school she had commenced ‘‘at her own hand.’’ In these Dame’s Schools not much was taught but reading, and the Bible was the principal class book. One of these old ladies 32 SunpAY ScHooL AND HEALING oF NATIONS remarked of her pupils: ‘‘When they leave me there’s no muckle o’ the Bible they dinna ken.’’ In these and other schools we have thus a groundwork of Biblical knowledge being given which, no doubt, helped to make the men, who fought and died for the faith in covenanting times. In the lives of the heroes of those days we get a glimpse of Sabbath- School work when we read that John Brown of Priesthill, martyred by Claverhouse in 1685, used to gather the young persons of the neighbourhood around him on Sabbath eve- nings for religious instruction. In old Church records there must be many references to early Sabbath-School work, but they are not readily acces- sible, and we can only give a few instances: In 1710 we hear of Sabbath Schools in Berwick-on-Tweed. In 1730 Rev. Alexander Mair of Forteviot had a Sabbath afternoon class for the young people of his flock. In 1760 the Rev. David Blair of Brechin commenced a Sab- bath School for the benefit of the rising generation of his parishioners. The Rev. Mr. Robertson of Kilmarnock was ordained in 1775, and on the Sabbath afternoons between sermons he as- sembled all the young of his congregation and spent an hour in catechising them. We may be assured in this early Sab- bath School the lessons were thoroughly prepared by the young people, as Mr. Robertson was not one to tolerate care- lessness. It is told of him that when old and unable to preach, he used, during sermons, to walk up and down the passages of the Church with his staff in his hand, and when anyone slept, he awakened them with a smart application of the stick. In 1774, the Rev. John Burns was ordained minister of the Barony Parish Church, Glasgow. Dr. Burns was, we are told, in advance of his times, and when many were lifting up their hands in holy horror at that wonderful innovation, ‘‘The British and Foreign Bible Society,’’ when ministers depre- eated from the pulpit the extravagant notion of converting the heathen by missionary agency, when they even held aloof from the Anti-Slavery Society, he stood forth almost alone in the Presbytery an advocate of these institutions. His preaching was of the evangelical stamp; his living was that of the simple earnest type, and by his ministry he was as a SABBATH SCHOOLS IN SCOTLAND 33 light shining in a dark place and in a dark day. In 1775, . shortly after his ordination, Dr. Burns turned his attention to the neglected youth of the Calton, Glasgow, then a part of the Barony Parish, and successfully carried on a Mission Sunday School there under his own superintendence. The school was in a vigourous condition five years before that memorable Sunday in July, 1780, when in the home of Mr. King, St. Catherine’s Street, Gloucester, Robert Raikes began the work that was soon to spread and stamp him as the founder of English Sunday Schools. The publicity given to the movement in England no doubt furthered the cause in Scotland, where it was more a matter of organising work al- ready well established than of initiating a new departure. In 1782 we read of a Sabbath School_in Banchory, Aber- deenshire, and after that such records become plentiful, showing that much attention was paid to the religious in- struction of the young all over Scotland before Sabbath Schools as organised institutions came to be recognised as an essential factor in the religious training of youth. The pioneers in this work were in advance of their time and of the public opinion of their day, and had to suffer much from both civil and ecclesiastical authorities, although to both they were rendering invaluable assistance They were in the fore- front in the promotion of knowledge and did much to bring about the advanced state of education in the country. We ean only take space for one or two examples of the opposi- tion encountered. In New Deer, Aberdeenshire, the land- owner would not allow a Sabbath School to meet in any building over which he had any control, and when a place was ultimately found and a school opened, the teachers were sum- moned before the Presbytery of Turriff to answer for their misdeeds. They were charged with teaching without being set apart for it, by laying on of hands. The Presbytery were rather astonished and nonplussed when asked to produce their authority for the action taken, and latterly dismissed the teachers with an admonition to teach no more. In Paisley, a town with strong radical tendencies, the early efforts of Sabbath-School teachers were looked on with sus- picion by the Government, and Sheriff Campbell was in- structed to hold an inquiry into their ends and aims. The 3 34 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS teachers were summoned to give an account of their politics and principles, and for a time a painful feeling existed. Then office bearers were called upon to produce their rules and books used. After careful scrutiny the Sheriff was satisfied that no sedition could be propagated by the Bible, the Shorter Catechism, and Watts’s Hymns, and the teachers were dis- missed with clear characters. The idea of suitable tasks for children has undergone con- siderable changes since the dawn of the nineteenth century, when, in Annan, some of the scholars had learned the whole of The Epistle to the Hebrews, The Song of Solomon, and The Book of Jonah. In Airdrie, the four Gospels, Hebrews, James, Jude, and Revelation were committed to memory. In Oak- field three chapters in the Gospels were weekly lessons. In Aberdeen ten to twelve girls, working in factories fourteen hours per day, repeated four or five chapters every week, and two of them repeated accurately the whole of the New Testa- ment, with the Book of Proverbs, several Psalms, Hymns and Paraphrases. In Glasgow, in 1818, a class repeated the whole of the Epistle to the Romans, and one boy, 63 chapters, 234 hymns, and the 119th Psalm. In the Calton School two girls repeated in one night 700 verses, but were requested in future not to exceed 200 verses. One prodigy in the Coweaddens committed to memory ten chapters with proofs, upward of fifty proofs to each chapter, all much to the point, naming chapter and verse without the help of anything to aid his memory. The mere idea of such memory exercises is enough to take the breath away from any modern Sabbath-School teacher or scholar, and were not this a veracious Sabbath- School Chronicle, one might be inclined to be sceptical and, with our American friends, say—‘‘ Next.’’ In 1819 the famous Dr. Chalmers (who was one of the leaders of the Disruption in 1848) was a minister in Glas- gow, and among other activities for the good of his parish he introduced what was termed the ‘‘Local System’’ into Sab- bath-School work. This system was briefly described by its author thus: ‘‘Let a small portion of a district with its geographical limits defined, be assigned to one teacher. Let his place of instruction be within this locality, or as near as possible to its confines. Let him restrict his attention to the SABBATH SCHOOLS IN SCOTLAND 35 children of its families, sending forth an invitation to those that are without, and encouraging as far as it is proper the attendance of those that are within.’’ This system, enforced as it was by the eloquence and energy of its distinguished advocate, gave a mighty impulse to the Sabbath-School cause. General schools were sometimes promoted by Churches, sometimes by associations of laymen, and, in 1837, a new class of Sabbath School was commenced, called ‘‘The Central School.’’ This was a combination of the ‘‘Local’’ idea with the general school system, intended to meet the difficulty of accommodation often found under the local system. All three systems were carried on for some time until they gradually merged into one class of general school which in recent years has developed into the graded school as we now know it. The formation of local Sabbath-School Unions began very early in the nineteenth century, and, in 1816, a meeting was held in Edinburgh of those interested in Sabbath-School work, at which it was resolved to ‘‘establish in the city a so- ciety having for its object the encouragement, union, and in- eountry.’’ And that ‘‘the Society be called the Sabbath School Union for Seotland.”’ In Glasgow a Sabbath-School Committee was formed in 1787, and in 1816 the Glasgow Sabbath School Union was established, but apparently lay dormant during a serious time of trade depression. The teachers, however, kept in touch with each other, and in 1821 arranged that an annual dinner should be held, at which reports of the work would be given. These dinners continued for about ten years, but do not seem to have been conducted under prohibition rules, and, in con- sequence of the spread of temperance principles, they were discarded in favour of a sowrée, at which tea and coffee were served, and ladies admitted This change was so much of a success that the meetings had to be held twice a year. Classes for teacher-training were begun in 1839, and this led early to the consideration of a common lesson. Hitherto, apparently each teacher had selected his own lesson, and there was no uniformity even in any one school. In 1840 a scheme of lessons was considered, and, in 1845, the Union issued a general scheme. During the next five years the issue was somewhat irregular, but in 1851 the Glasgow Union Scheme 36 SUNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS was definitely fixed, and has been issued in unbroken succes- sion since that date, though in recent years the scheme has been prepared by the Youth Committees of the Established and United Free Churches of Scotland. The question of a Teachers’ Magazine also received con- sideration. In 1823 a Sabbath-School magazine was issued in Glasgow, but had a very short life, and it was not until 1849 that another attempt was made, the first number being pub- lished in April of that year, since when the Union’s Magazine has regularly appeared each month and still maintains a high place among similar literature. In 1845 District Unions were formed in Glasgow, reporting to the Central Board, and, in 1846, circulars were addressed to the towns and villages in the West of Scotland requesting cooperation and affiliation. The natural outcome of this was the question of a National Union for Scotland, but the full- ness of time had not yet come, and the project fell through. National Conventions of Sabbath-School teachers from all over Scotland have been held in various parts of the country each year since 1868, except during the war years (1914-18), and have always aroused much interest and have been well attended. A result of these is District Conventions at which local schools only are represented. At the National Conven- tion held in Paisley in 1899, it was resolved that the Glasgow Union should be asked to assume the status and position of a Seottish National Sabbath School Union. This was accom- plished, and in 1900 it issued its first Annual Report, follow- ing that of the 62nd Annual Report of the Glasgow Union published the previous year. Up till 1890 the Union work was all done by voluntary un- paid labour, but in that year an office was opened and a per- manent Secretary appointed to devote his whole time to the work, a work which has rapidly grown far beyond the hope or expectations of the Union founders, and if negotiations presently proceeding with the Churches mature favourably, there will be under its enlarged auspices greater and wider fields of opportunity and power for good. In 1902 a Travel- ling Secretary was appointed to cover Scotland in the inter- ests of the Sabbath-School work. SABBATH SCHOOLS IN SCOTLAND 37 In 1917, a lady expert in Primary work was engaged to develop this branch of Sabbath-School activity among affili- ated Unions, and, in 1919, our esteemed and invaluable Gen- eral Secretary was appointed to succeed Mr. Andrew Craw- ford, who died after twenty-seven years of useful service. Since his appointment Mr. Kelly has done much to enlarge the scope and value of the Union’s work, and is already eagerly looked to for advice and encouragement all over Scot- land and far beyond its borders. In the interests of the Con- vention he has given three years’ strenuous work, has travelled twice to America and twice to various European countries. The Union’s office staff consists of eight permanent mempbers with a number of assistants for Convention work. Assistance to missionary effort was an early feature of Sabbath Schools, and many fields in heathen lands have bene- fited both by the money and the boys and girls raised in Scot- land. We need only mention such names as Alexander Duff in India, David Livingstone, Robert Moffat, Mary Slessor, Robert Laws, and Donald Fraser in Africa, William C. Burns and Robert Morrison in China, John G. Paton in Poly- nesia,- James Chalmers in New Guinea, or Alexander M. Mackay in Uganda, but there are many others on the roll of fame, not a few of whom now wear the martyr’s crown. At the Zurich Convention in 1913, £1,600 was presented to the India Sunday School Union, raised in Scottish Sabbath Schools for the purpose of Teacher Training in India. The interest of that money was so far used, but latterly allowed to accumulate, until last year, when the capital and interest were devoted to the extension of a Teacher Training Institute at Coonoor, in Southern India, the nucleus of which had been presented by a friend in India. The Scottish Fund had risen to £1,900, leaving £300 to complete the purchase; this sum was subscribed in Scottish schools last year, and the com- pleted scheme presented to the India Sunday School Union free of debt. Schools in Scotland are taking a big interest in the work of the World’s Sunday School Association, which, we hope, will develop into a permanent assistance to its funds. VIII. VOYAGING TO THE NINTH CONVENTION 1. THE CRUISE OF THE STEAMER MARLOCH FROM MONTREAL* By Puinie EK. Howarp FTER a day of charming pastoral scenery along the St. A Lawrence the Marloch halted at Quebec in the twilight, to take on passengers, and it was almost dark when we moved down the river past the heights. When we dropped the pilot on our way down the St. Law- rence, we were moving into the wider waters of the lower river. Before this our course lay between farm-carpeted river banks, as we followed a tortuous and sometimes shallow channel, marked by nodding buoys in the swift current, and the white towers of range lights on the shores. Thus we glided past Sorel, and Trois Rivieres, Port Citrouille, Batisean and Port Neuf. Now the shores were drawing away from us, and under lowering skies we were in the grey waters of the Gulf, with the rugged cliffs of Newfoundland to the north, where snow lay in the upper clefts, and the white tumble of surf from the ground swell tossed high against the swarthy rocks. Like low-flying sea-birds little fishing schooners held their wind-driven way across the drab waters, and above the cliffs, touching them in their trailing flight, moved sombre clouds against the steely: sky of twilight. We were to clear Cape Race about dawn—Cape Race, that graveyard of western ocean ships, or ‘‘sailor’s nightmare,’’ as seafaring men call it. We saw Anticosti Island north of us, owned by a citizen of France, and distinguished for its fox farms. So also we saw Cape Ray, and the islands Miquelon and St. Pierre. After Cape Race, we would follow a north and easterly course over one of earth’s greatest circles, through the Arctic Stream, across to the warm Gulf Stream, and thus to the north of Ire- land, to Belfast, and to Glasgow. *From The Sunday School Times. 38 VOYAGING TO THE CONVENTION 39 While the elements were busy with the ship, we were get- ting acquainted on board. India was meeting Saskatchewan, Korea became neighbour with Kansas, China and Cuba walked the same deck. Nova Scotia and Louisiana were in the same prayer meetings. If thirty-seven Presbyterians foregathered for tea, then it was equally true that seventy- three Methodists half-filled the dining saloon at their tea, and many other denominations were scattered over the ship, though most of us do not know ‘‘who’s who’’ on board, de- nominationally. On the first Sunday evening Dr. Eva D’Prazer told of her great field of medical missions in South India. Rev. T. W. Jones, of Montreal, a Congregationalist, preached on that morning; on the next Sunday the Rev Charles G. Kindred, of Chicago, a leader among the Disciples, or Christian Church. Irwin Hilliard, Esq., K. C., of Morrisburg, Ontario, superintended the Sunday School on the first Sunday and Rev. W. B. Shirey, of Ann Arbor, Michigan, on the second. Mrs. Mary Foster Bryner spoke one afternoon on the various needs of the children’s departments, and in the cosy nursery and children’s playroom, Miss Susie M. Juden, Children’s Division Superintendent in Louisiana, met with the young- sters, a goodly number of whom are on board. The numerous religious educational secretaries among the delegates held a special conference, while perhaps the most fruitful conferences of the voyage were steamer chair con- versations, when experiences were exchanged, and experts consulted. Many-sided entertainment talent appeared. And if you are looking for husky athletes, see them, young men and older, in the strenuous, wildly exciting, and wildly cheered tug-of-war! The Olympics dwindle into village sports as compared with that international contest, for Canada and the United States were at opposite ends of the rope in one contest, and the North American born and the British born, in a second struggle. And even the ladies had their tug- of- war in a Canada-United States line-up! What little night there is in the northern latitude closed in about us as we passed Ailsa Craig, eleven hundred feet of sheer granite rising out of the sea, and famous Arran 40 SUNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS Island, and the Ayrshire Coast of Robbie Burns. We took on the pilot at Gourock at midnight and a half-hour later came to anchor at Greenock in the Clyde, with the light still visible in the west, and the moonlight flooding the stream and the hills of old Scotland. Next morning, coming up the River Clyde, once a small salmon stream, and now the mother of great ships, one under- stood why the question is asked, ‘‘Did Glasgow make the Clyde, or did the Clyde make Glasgow?’’ For as you look over the bow of the ship, swinging from port to starboard and back again under the guidance of tugs in the narrow river, you see Glasgow, with its more than a million inhabi- tants, up-river through a vista of sloping shipways—some three hundred and fifty in all—and you are told that to make this river able to float the largest passenger ships about forty million dollars have been spent. The little river that has sent its ships out over the seven seas, from Henry Bell’s steamer Comet in 1811 to the great liners of our own day, now brings into the very heart of this splendid city a world-wide commerce,—and hundreds of the delegates to the World’s Ninth Sunday School Convention! 2. ON THE STEAMSHIP CAMERONIA, FROM NEw YorRK By WINFIELD H. Brock, ATHOL, MASSACHUSETTS Rarely has such a group of Sunday-School workers been assembled; it included more than fifty clergymen, and an equal number of Sunday-School specialists in all depart- ments. Under the skillful organising direction of Tour Leader George W. Penniman, the ship had hardly left the dock at New York on Saturday noon, June 7th, before the needful talent was being drafted for addresses, meetings, and conferences of all sorts. Opinions differed as to the ‘‘high point”’ of interest. Many were thrilled and uplifted by the music so skillfully led by Rev. J. N. Patterson and Rev. Robert Rae. Others spoke of the two Sunday services, with their fine, strong, uplifting, and inspiring sermons. Seotch blood was very much in evidence, as was natural in a Scotch ship, bound for the Scotch metropolis. Dr. Mac- VOYAGING TO THE CONVENTION 41 Gowan’s lecture on the ‘‘Canny Scot’’ extolled the land of catechism, mist, and porridge, but it pleased others as well as those of Scotch lineage. Politics were not overlooked. There was a double nominat- ing convention: this was fitting because while the Cameroma was at sea the Republican National Convention made its nomination for President of the United States. As might be expected in a Sunday-School crowd, both the Republican and the Democratic nominating conventions were exceedingly ‘“dry.’’ No wet candidate had a chance. A stirring glimpse of the need, the possibilities, and the method of the new plans for religious education was given by Prof. L. A. Weigle of Yale University, in his morning ad- dresses on ‘‘Jesus’ Way of Teaching,’’ ‘‘The New Outlook on Sunday-School Work,’’ and on ‘‘Prayer.’’ On Wednesday night a strong missionary note was thrill- ingly struck when all who could crowd into the great dining room heard a series of nine six-minute addresses, by speakers representing half a dozen different nationalities, presenting the needs of the Near East orphans; the overlooked and despised lepers; the work in Japan, China, and Korea; and the problems of eleven million of the black race in America. The stories of the new Journal of Religious Education, the Walloon-Huguenot Tercentenary, and the Glasgow programme rounded out the evening. The meeting on Thursday evening was a touching and tender memorial to the great Sunday-School leader, Marion Lawrance, ‘‘the best known and best loved of Sunday-School men the world around.’’ His passage had been booked for this ship, and scores of his personal friends on board missed deeply his genial presence and helpful activities. Dr. Robert G. Hopkins introduced one after another who gave brief but heartfelt tributes to the life and influence of Mr. Lawrance. Fleming H. Revell, the famous publisher, summed up what a dozen friends of the late beloved leader had said, as follows: Marion Lawrance, prince of Sunday-School leaders, gifted organiser, inspiring speaker, warmest of friends, most devoted Christian, an ex- ample both in public and private life! We mourn our loss while we rejoice in his gain. While with us his was a fruitful life, but from his 42 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS seed-sowing harvests will continue to be gathered for many years to come. He taught efficiency in the realm of Sunday-School effort; he told ““How to Conduct’’ its every department, ever keeping in mind the great objective, the winning of all to a life of consecrated service to Him Who ealls us to discipleship. An untiring worker, he was most proficient in initiative and in in- spiring appeal. In all parts of the country, men and women were moved to greater and more effective effort. With all our loved friend’s public work, he was not divorced from personal friendships—friendships which were legion, as many of us realise, in his remembrance of our birthdays with a helpful and perti- nent message. It would seem that his place will be hard to fill, but ours is a re- sourceful God Who will raise up other leaders while we mourn the de- parture of one who had gained so large a place in our affections. Our comfort and assurance, as also that of his immediate family circle, with whom we deeply sympathise, is in Him whom Marion Law- rance served so well—leaving to us the encouragement and inspiration of a life devoted to the service of God and man, and especially for those for whom our Lord said, ‘‘Of such ig the kingdom. 12 A number of speakers suggested that a building for the use of the International Council of Religious Education would be a most suitable memorial to the great leader. On Saturday night, June 14th, there was an inspiring ob- servance of the United States Flag Day. Addresses were made by Mr. George W. Penniman on The American Flag, and by Ship Surgeon W. M. Borrie on The British Flag. His last remark, that the two nations were really of one blood and should work together for civilisation and world peace, was given stirring applause. . The exercises of the last day on the ship, Sunday, were broken into somewhat by the necessary landing of passengers at Moville, but the strong sermon of Professor Weigle was a fitting close of a most remarkable and inspiring ‘‘ Convention afloat.’’ THe FuuLt PROGRAMME ON THE CAMERONIA The various programmes on the Cameronia, and the com- mittees in charge, follow: Tour Manager, representing the World’s Sunday School Association Executive Committee, George W. Penniman, Pittsburgh, Pa. General Committee, on the Cameronia: Dr. Robert M: Hopkins, St. Louis, Missouri; Dr. W. E. Raffety, Chicago, Illinois; Rev. E. G. Tewksbury, Shanghai, China; Paul Sturtevant, New York; Rev. John VOYAGING TO THE CONVENTION 43 T. Faris, D.D., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; H. Wallace Noyes, Port- land, Maine; W. B. Anderson, Portsmouth, Ohio; Rev. W. H. Jordan, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; George F. Guy, Los Angeles, California; F, E. Parkhurst, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Sunday morning, June 8th, Service in Forward Dining Room: Pre- siding, Rev. John T. Faris, D.D.; Scripture, Rev. F. C. Nau, D.D., Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania; prayer, Rev. C. W. Brewbaker, Dayton, Ohio; sermon, Bishop W. M. Weekly, Parkersburg, West Virginia; benedic- tion, Rev. John T. Faris, D.D. Aft Dining Room Service: Presiding, Rev. H. H. Meyer, D.D., New York: Scripture, Rev, A. D. P. Gilmour, D.D., Wilmington, North Carolina; prayer, Rev. E. W. Morrison, Waverley, Pennsylvania; ser- mon, Rev. James I. Vance, D.D., Nashville, Tennessee; benediction, Rev. Yakichi Sasakura, Yokohama, Japan. Sunday evening, June 8th, Service in Forward Dining Room: Presid- ing, Rev. E. G. Tewksbury, Shanghai, China; Scripture, Rev. F. G. Brossett, Philadelphia; prayer, Rev. Charles F. Robson, Windham, New York; sermon, Rev. Joseph L. Peacock, D.D., President Shaw Uni- versity, Raleigh, North Carolina; benediction, Rev. D. W. Barclay, Elmwood, Illinois. Service in Aft Dining Room: Presiding, Rev. Hugh C. Gibson, Los Angeles, California; Scripture, Mrs. E. M. Blackman, Bowlingtown, Kentucky; prayer, Rev. E. W. Halpenny, Charleston, West Virginia; sermon, Prof. F. M. McGaw, Cornell College, Mt. Vernon, Iowa; _ bene- diction, Rev. John Orchard, Dickinson, North Dakota. Sunday School, June 8th, was organised as follows: Pastor, Rev. W. E. Jordan, Philadelphia; Superintendent, Allan Sutherland, Philadel- phia; Associate Superintendent, George N. Gordon, Brockton, Massa- chusetts; Secretary, Thomas A. Douglass, Milburn, New Jersey; Treas- urer, Robert J. Gibson, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Superintendent Children’s Division, Mrs. Maud Junkin Baldwin, Malden, Massachusetts, with assistants, Miss Meme Brockway, Philadelphia, and Miss L. E. McCormick, Baltimore; Superintendent Young People’s Division, Dr. W. E. Raffety, Philadelphia, with assistant, Mrs. H. H. Meyer, New York; Superintendent Adult Division, Rev. E. W. Halpenny, Charles- ton, West Virginia. The officers of the Sunday School held on June 15th were the same. Half-hour Devotional Services at 10: 30 each day were led as follows: Monday, June 9th, General Secretary Arthur T. Arnold, Coumbus, Ohio; Tuesday, Rev. Walter H. Traub, York, Pennsylvania; Wednesday, Mr. James Baird, Schenectady, New York; Thursday, Rev. W. W. Wil- liamson, Akron, Ohio; Friday, Mrs. Lucy C. Wilson, Toledo, Ohio; Saturday, Rev. J. M. Ferguson, D.D., Bellevue, Pennsylvania. Music was under the general direction of Rev J. M. Patterson, Quit- man, Georgia, and Rev. R. L. Rae of Newton, Massachusetts. The pianists were Mrs. L. C. Bridgham, Belmont, Massachusetts, and Mrs. W.S. Campbell, St. Louis, Missouri. Sunday morning, June 15th, Service in Aft Dining Saloon: Presid- ing, Rev. H. F. Shupe, Dayton, Ohio; prayer, Rev. Jacob Rupp, Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania; sermon, Prof. L. A. Weigle, New Haven, Con- necticut; benediction, Dr. Ellis N. Kremer, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. IX. THE CONVENTION ORGANIZATION AND WORKERS I. CONVENTION OFFICE BEARERS Patron H. R. H. The Duke of York, K.G. President The Right Hon. Lord Pentland, P.C., G.C.S.I. Chairman of Council Colonel John A. Roxburgh, V.D., D.L., J.P. Chairman of Executive James Cunningham, J.P. Hon. Convention Treasurer Sir A. Steven Bilsland, Bart., M.C. Hon. Convention Secretary James Kelly II. CONVENTION COMMITTEES PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Convener—James Cunningham, J.P. Secretary—James Kelly HosPITALITY COMMITTEE Joint Conveners—Councillor Violet M. Craig Robertson, J.P. The Hon. Mrs. MacGilchrist Lady Macleod Secretary—Miss Jessy 8. Calderwood FINANCE COMMITTEE Convener—Sir A. Steven Bilsland, Bart., M.C. Secretary—James Kelly HALLS AND DECORATIONS COMMITTEE Joint Conveners—Finlay M. Ross Ex-Bailie John M. Bryce Secretary—John Norrie EXHIBITION COMMITTEE Convener—James B, Wardhaugh Secretary—George Melvin Sus-COMMITTEE ON MISSIONARY DEMONSTRATIONS Convener—J. Murray Tomory At GLASGOW CONVENTION COMMITTEE OFFICIALS 1—JAMES CUNNINGHAM, J.P., Chairman of Executive 2—CoL. JOHN A. ROXBURGH, V.D., D.L., J.P., Chairman of Council 3—TuHE RT. HON. LORD PENTLAND, P.C., G.C.S.I., President 4— Sir A. STEVEN BILSLAND, Bart., M.C., Treasurer 5—JAMES KELLY, M.A., Secretary Wor.tp’s SuNDAY ScHoont ASSOCIATION OFFICIALS 1—W. G. LANDES, 3—W. C. PEARCE, General Secretary Associate General Secretary 9 _ARTHUR M. HARRIS, Chairman Executive Committee 4—PAUL STURTEVANT, 6—FRED P. STAFFORD, Treasurer Chairman Business Comnvttee 5—SAMUEL D. Pricer, Assistant Secretary THE CONVENTION ORGANIZATION 45 PuLpir SuPPLY COMMITTEE Convener—Rev. J. A. C. Murray, B.D. Secretary—Rev. W. D. Miller, M.A. Civic RECEPTION ARRANGEMENTS Sir John S. Samuel, K.B.E. PAGEANT ARRANGEMENTS James Kelly CATERING AND EXCURSION ARRANGEMENTS James Kelly OpEN-AIR DEMONSTRATION W. D. Scott, D.S.0., M.C. PRESS ARRANGEMENTS Alexander Gammie DIRECTOR OF MUSIC Hugh Hunter, Mus. Bac. ORGANISTS—ST. ANDREW’S HALL Forenoon Sessions—J. K. Findlay Evening Sessions—Herbert Walton, A.R.C.M. III. WORLD’S SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION (1920-1924) President Hon. J. J. Maclaren, D.C.L., LL.D., Toronto General Secretary W. G. Landes, C.E.D., New York Associate General Secretary W. C. Pearce, L.H.D., New York Assistant Secretary Rev. Samuel D. Price, D.D., New York Treasurer Paul Sturtevant, New York Statistical Secretary Hugh Cork, Norwood, Pennsylvania PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Chairman—Rev. John T. Faris, D.D. Secertary—W. G. Landes, C.E.D. 46 Sunpay ScHoot AND HEALING or NATIONS TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE Chairman—W. G. Landes, C.E.D. Secretary—Rev. Samuel D. Price, D.D. EXHIBIT COMMITTEE Chairman—Allan Sutherland SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON WORLD SURVEY Chairman—Rev. W. C. Poole, Ph.D. Professor Walter S. Athearn Thomas S. Evans Charles Francis Rev. Eric M. North, D.D. Rev. W. E. Raffety, Ph.D., D.D. Rev. Frank K. Sanders, Ph.D. Rev. George H. Trull Professor Luther A. Weigle IV. WORLD’S SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION BriTISH COMMITTEE President The Right Hon. Lord Pentland, P.C., G.C.S.I. Chairman Rev. W. C. Poole, Ph.D., London Vice Chairman Rev. F. B. Meyer, D.D., London Hon. Treasurers James Cunningham, J.P., 2. Oakeley Ter., Glasgow James S. Crowther, J.P., 56 Old Bailey, London, E.C. Hon. Secretary Arthur Black, 9 Tideswell Rd., Putney, London, 8.W. Hon. Convention Secretary James Kelly, 70 Bothwell Street, Glasgow V. WORLD’S SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION FIELD WORKERS AND SECRETARIES ARGENTINA Rev, George P.. Howard) 2.03.2. 0e0052%. Coe Oe Buenos Aires BRAZIL Rey. Herbert S., Harris. Jol. sc cee eee ee Rio de Janeiro CEYLON Mr. J. Vineent Mendis’... .........00 00 an ee ene Dehiwala CHINA Rev. BE. G. Tewksbury 2.2... 2..5 2000000 55 te one Shanghai FIELD SECRETARIES 1—Rev. A. G. ATKINS, India 2—J. VINCENT MENDIS, Ceylon 3—REvV. V. P. MAMMAN, India 4—FE, A. ANNETT, India 5—Mrs. EH. A. ANNETT, India 6—E. Biswas, India 7—REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE, Egypt 8—SHEIKH METRY S. Drwarry, Egypt FieLD SECRETARIES 1—ReEv. J. G. HoLDcROFT, D.D., Korea 2—HoRACE E. COLEMAN, Japan 3-—Rev. E. G. TewKSBurRyY, China 4—Rev. A. L. RYAN, Philippines 5—Rev. Gro. H. SCHERER, Syria 6—J. Victor, Hungary 7—REV. GEO. P. Howarp, Argentina S8S—REv. H. 8S. Harris, Brazil Tur CONVENTION ORGANIZATION 47 CZECHOSLOVAKIA MNCS is ig 7 CAC kak 84 6a TE aL es wees Prague HUNGARY RT ys Aes od ects css sul vee tees cecuees Budapest INDIA ERE ears ew ey 5s SI oe Unlcc ccs aecducescdy’s Jubbulpore SemmroniteperieA, Annett .... 02.56 tee ec eee ce ees Stje sews Coonoor CE MININION ESA, ec cv cls wesc ee ecasuce Travancore Ro Sy cece x y's Cs a hes v's avs piss Den ens ode one tebe ks es London FRANCE TEPC 5s oc a hve Sale as dele eee nedesaceseusé Paris EEE ATIOIC ec, «jcc celal nica sie c cased cecacaseleeueesae Auckland NortH AMERICA EERILY oo oie ans vidia% o ahack 4 ve s\o- be viele 80 wis she bee Chicago ScoTLAND EEE SNC 1G Ae a «dine eae y wv veld esp dees cus enes Glasgow 48 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS SoutH AFRICA che tas a4 alee a geek ee Port Elizabeth Other National Associations have been formed in the following countries, but do not have Field Secretaries: Mr. John G. Birch Algeria Denmark Portugal Austria Germany Spain Australia Holland Switzerland Chile Italy Turkey THE SUNDAY SCHOOL AND THE HEALING OF THE NATIONS PART II THE STORY OF THE CONVENTION al * * he 6s 17 Jaw ¢ ¥, FY Af Ly i *s : yy . ae — » 3 +3 B seas ee J hye aw Se da Zz, os a hon x = wed ibe, ae LTS G . & is She =o, oy ; se the a « - - a, 7 wow! 4 i 7. + "4 »™& * é . ‘ - ¥ ‘ * _ < : oe 2 j 4 . t ; J x . ~ — ” _ THE STORY OF THE CONVENTION I. THE CONVENTION AS SEEN BY GLASGOW KYES* By ALEXANDER GAMMIE HE story of the Convention began long before the first of the delegates set foot on the shores of Britain. So great an edifice as the organisation required for such an international gathering could not be built in a day. The preparations had, indeed, been going on for many months, and even for years, in advance. In the Convention Council and the Executive, and in their various committees and sub- committees, there had been much patient labour behind the scenes. What had to be accomplished in meeting difficulties, in overcoming obstacles, and in making crooked things straight, would be a story in itself. But, with faith and vision, the work proceeded until at last the Convention became an ac- complished fact, and the city and the nation awoke to the greatness and significance of the event. Many scenes of animation were witnessed as the overseas delegates began to arrive. As soon as it was known that the special Atlantic liners were in the Clyde, with their hundreds of passengers from America and other countries farther off, there was a visible quickening of public interest. Soon the streets were thronging with strangers. It takes a large influx to make any appreciable difference in the street crowds of Glasgow, but the effect of the Convention was speedily ap- parent. It was not only in added numbers, but still more in the many touches of colour introduced by the visitors. Dark, swarthy, and yellow complexions were in evidence every- *The Story of the Convention as it appeared in The Scottish Sunday School Magazine—of which Miss Margaret Cunningham is Editor—should be read by all who attended the great gathering. The author, Mr, Alex- ander Gammie, was the pleasant and efficient Director of Publicity. 51 52 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS where, and the bright costumes—particularly of the lady dele- gates from Eastern countries—relieved the dull monotony of our sombre Western dress. Ample arrangements had been made for the reception of the visitors. At the landing pier for the steamers, and at the various railway stations, there were ‘‘clearing houses,’’ with representatives of the Conven- tion in attendance, to guide the steps of the strangers in a strange land to their temporary quarters. The provision of hospitality had been one of the heaviest items in the pro- gramme of preparations, but the ladies in charge of this de- partment had worked with a will, and had succeeded even beyond expectations. The difficulties with which they had to contend were aggravated at the last moment by visitors arriv- ing unannounced, and by others not requiring the hospitality assigned to them, but eventually all the troubles incidental to so great an undertaking were happily overcome. A tribute is due to the many citizens who opened their homes—some of them at considerable personal inconvenience—to receive Con- vention guests, and who, in so doing, worthily upheld the traditions of Glasgow as a city given to hospitality. On the evening of the opening sessions there was a scene of great animation in and around St. Andrew’s Halls. Cos- mopolitan crowds met and mingled outside the building, and in the various rooms set apart for the use of delegates, while the Enquiry and Registration Offices were besieged hour after hour by a constantly changing stream of fresh arrivals. | Sel- dom has there been seen anywhere such a surging throng of people of so many ‘‘nations and kindreds and peoples and tongues.’’ The meetings of weleome were memorable in many ways. St. Andrew’s Hall, packed in every corner, presented an im- pressive and inspiring spectacle. The draping of the galleries with the flags of many nations proclaimed the international aspect of the gathering. But this was also apparent other- wise. It could almost be felt in the atmosphere. And there was likewise a spirit of expectancy which seemed to brood over the whole assemblage. There appeared to be an almost overpowering sense of the greatness of the oeccasion—an oc- easion so unique and so full of boundless possibilities. At the overflow gathering, held simultaneously in St. George’s As SEEN BY GuAscow EYES 53 and St. Peter’s U. F. Church, there was the same brooding sense of the importance of the issues involved. This initial impression was maintained throughout. The Convention was a great event in itself, but beyond it there ever loomed the vision of all that it might mean in many lands for many days and years to come. It would be impossible to refer in detail to the forenoon and evening sessions, with their great audiences and inspiring addresses, or to the sectional and departmental afternoon con- ferences, with their businesslike discussion of practical de- tails. Each served its own purpose, and the whole programme, ‘*fitly framed together,’’ was a triumph in the inspired art of programme building. No aspect of the subject was omit- ted. Sunday-School work in all its phases naturally occupied a large place, but the wider aspect of the Christian education of youth was not overlooked, while the foreign-mission field claimed a large and increasing share of attention. Alike in the great public meetings and in the sectional gatherings, the world-wide point of view was always kept well in the fore- front. This gave the Convention the reputation of being what it in reality was—not only a Sunday-School event of the first magnitude, but also a mighty instrument for the fostering of better international relationships, and for the winning of the whole world for Christ. At times throughout the Convention there was a suggestion of American ‘‘hustle’’ in the method of transacting business. It seemed to amuse douce Scots delegates, while it may have somewhat jarred on the susceptibilities of others. But soon another note would be struck, and the Convention would again be one in spirit, dominated by a common purpose, and united in the quest of a great ideal. By a wise arrangement every forenoon session closed with a devotional address. There was no hurrying out of the hall after the papers or addresses had been given. The audiences remained intact for the devotional addresses, which put the copestone on the whole proceedings. The first series of ad- dresses was given by the Very Rev. Principal Cairns, of Aber- deen, and the second by the Very Rev. Dr. Adam Philip, of Longforgan, the latter taking the place of Dr. T. Charles Williams, of Menai Bridge, who was unable to attend. There 54 SunDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS were many expressions of appreciation of the uplift experi- enced under the influence of these wise and experienced Christian teachers. They placed the whole problem of the work in the right perspective, and day after day sent the delegates away inspired anew by the boundless resources at their command for the great task in which they are engaged. The Convention Service in St. Andrew’s Hall on Sunday afternoon had an interdenominational as well as an inter- national aspect. While the preacher was the Right Rey. Hensley Henson, D.D., Bishop of Durham, the devotional ex- ercises were led by the Rev. Andrew Ritchie, ex-President of the Congregational Union of Scotland, and the lessons were read by Sir Donald MacAlister, Principal of the University of Glasgow, and a well-known Presbyterian. The climax of the service was the registering of an Act of Remembrance for the members of the Executive of the World’s Sunday School Association who had passed away since the last Con- vention. This Act, in its impressive solemnity, was more eloquent than any words. One of the most interesting features of the public sessions was the series of Glimpses of the World Field. As represen- tatives from Burma, Ceylon, India, China, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Algeria, Egypt, Syria, South Africa, Australia, Austria, Hungary, New Zealand, France, Spain, Portugal, Holland, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Argentina, Brazil, Italy, and Finland, etc., spoke of the Sunday-School work they were carrying on in these widely scattered lands, there was given to many a new vision of the greatness of the Sunday-School movement. The widespread ramifications of the work came home with peculiar power as one after another native Christian told, sometimes in broken English, and at others with wonderful fluency, of the labours in which they were engaged. And when, as on more than one occasion, the workers from these lands called to their side on the platform some of their young people attired in native costume, they provided an object lesson not likely to be soon forgotten by any who witnessed it. The wider view was further emphasised by the Exhibition, which proved so successful and helpful an adjunct of the Con- vention. While its Sunday-School section was unique in its As SEEN BY econ EYES 55 comprehensive display of furniture, appliances, literature, models, and objects relative to Sunday-School work, the Palestine and Missionary sections were not less attractive. Hither would have made a successful Exhibition in itself. So realistic was the setting in the Palestine Courts that some of the visitors felt as if they could almost breathe the atmos- phere of ancient days, while by means of the lectures and costume demonstrations the scenes, manners, and customs of Bible times were made real and living. The Missionary Sec- tion—one of the finest ever seen in Glasgow—included many rare curios, some of them, such as Livingstone’s magic lan- tern, being of special local and general interest. The value of the Exhibition, however, as an educative and inspiring force, was greatly increased by the splendid series of mission- ary plays and the daily cinema exhibitions. The plays were indeed a special feature of the Exhibition, and by the effec- tiveness of their presentation they made a very deep impres- sion. But the Exhibition altogether more than justified itself. It not only added an attractive feature to the Convention, but it aroused the attention of outsiders, and secured a steadily increasing measure of public patronage. As long as it lasted, the M‘Lellan Galleries were thronging with inter- ested spectators of all ages. One of the great successes of the whole Convention period was the Pageant. It was largely in the nature of a new ex- periment, and it was so much of a venture that there was naturally some misgivings as to the result. Never, surely, was a venture of faith more abundantly justified. From the very first the Pageant arrested attention, and, as time went on, its success became almost overwhelming and embarrassing. Never had such queues been seen outside Hengler’s Circus. It was almost impossible to cope with the crowds seeking ad- mission, for, despite all discouragements, they still came night after night although, for so many, it meant a hopeless wait. Hundreds and, it is believed, even thousands were turned away disappointed. Seldom had, there been such an imme- diate and popular success. But something more had been desired than a Pageant that would capture the interest of the public, and something more and higher was secured. The Pageant was undoubtedly a 56 SuNDAY ScHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS great spectacular display, elaborately planned and splendidly carried through. Even in the numbers of young people tak- ing part it presented an impressive sight. A Pageant par- ticipated in by five hundred persons, and by representatives of many organisations and more than seventy-four countries, could not have done other than make an impression by its very magnitude. But it had been designed for a special pur- pose, and that purpose was kept steadily in view. It was meant to help all who saw it to realise more fully what even members and office bearers of the Churches are sometimes tempted to forget—the immense and far-reaching importance of the Sunday School. That it succeeded in doing this can- not be doubted. It pictured the work of the Sunday School from the earliest days on to the present time, with all its world-wide organisation, and pictured it in such a way as to make an indelible impression on the mind and heart of every spectator. Miss M. Jennie Street and Mr. James Kelly, the authors of the Pageant, and Mr. and Mrs. Parry Gunn, who were responsible for its production, rendered a service of no ordinary kind. The Pageant will be talked about in many countries near and far by the delegates on their return home, and it will doubtless be the precursor of similar efforts else- where throughout the world. One other spectacular exhibition impressed the Convention. The Saturday forenoon had been devoted to addresses on Juvenile Organisations, several of the speakers, such as Sir Robert Baden-Powell, being the founders of the organisa- tions they represented. In certain cases the speakers were accompanied on the platform by members (in full uniform) of their respective organisations. This added greatly to the interest of the proceedings. Later in the afternoon, there was a great parade of the Juvenile Organisations in the grounds of the University, where a large crowd witnessed a fine display of gymnastic and ambulance work, ete. The Lord Provost, as Lord Lieutenant of the County of the City of Glasgow, was present to take the salute at the march past, and he was accompanied by Principal Sir Donald MacAlister. The social element was not lacking at the Convention. There were many more or less informal events which helped to promote friendly intercourse, but the outstanding social event was the Civic Reception given by the Corporation of As SEEN BY GuAascow EYES 57 Glasgow in the Art Galleries at Kelvingrove. This was re- markable in several respects. It was declared to be the larg- est reception given by the Corporation within living memory. For another thing, it was said to be unique because of the number of nationalities represented by the guests. On ac- count of the extraordinary numbers, it was impossible to hold the reception as usual in the City Chambers, but the change to Kelvingrove was in many ways a welcome one. It afforded an opportunity to the visitors to see another side to the life of Glasgow from that which met them as they moved about the city. To many of them the artistic treasures of the Gal- leries at Kelvingrove were a complete revelation, and they were not slow in expressing their admiration. The speaking was worthy of the occasion; Lord Provost Montgomery, in the name of the Corporation and the community; Dr. John White, in the name of the churches; and Principal Sir Donald MacAlister, in the name of education, were apt and eloquent in their welcomes. The international aspect was exemplified in the acknowledgments which were made by an American, a Japanese, and a local delegate. There could be no question as to the appreciation by the visitors of the civic hospitality extended to them. Another social interlude which left a bright and happy memory was the Convention Excursion on the Monday after- noon. The arrangements for special trains from Glasgow, and specially chartered steamers from Gourock, were excellent in every way, nothing having been overlooked that would min- ister to the comfort of the travellers. As they sailed down the Firth of Clyde and through the Kyles of Bute, with flags flying, the four steamers attracted much attention. A fine spirit prevailed among the companies on board, the facilities for free social intercourse being greatly enjoyed, while the visitors from afar were entranced with what they saw of the grandeur of our Scottish scenery. An event quite unique in the history of World’s Conven- tions took place on the Saturday afternoon, when a concert was given by the famous Orpheus Choir. When Mr. Hugh 8. Roberton offered to give a special concert by his choir as a compliment to the Convention, his offer was gladly accepted by the Council. Much was expected, but even the greatest 58 SUNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS expectations fell short of the mark. To crowd the St. Andrew’s Hall on a Saturday afternoon was in itself no mean achievement, but the Orpheus Choir did that and more. They held the great audience enthralled. The programme included old Psalm tunes, hymns, humorous and patriotic Scots songs, folk songs, fairy songs, choruses, and solos, and the pleasure of the audience was enhanced by the book of words, with ex- planatory notes, prepared by Mr. Roberton, and presented by him as a memento to each delegate. It would be difficult to describe the conflicting emotions of the audience as Mr. Roberton and his Choir played upon them as upon an in- strument. At one time they would be held in rapt attention, and moved to deep feeling, and at another roused to a pitch of enthusiasm. Some remarkable scenes were witnessed, for- eign delegates springing to their feet, gesticulating and shout- ing in their fervent admiration. Mr. Roberton has had many great receptions—he was fresh from his memorable experi- ences at Downing Street, where he had been with his choir as the guests of his friend, the Prime Minister—but he never received a more striking ovation than at the close of the Con- vention Concert. His personalty, which counts for so much in its influence on the choir, had also gripped the Convention, and he confessed that he was taken by surprise at the warmth of appreciation manifested by the international assemblage. Sir Steven Bilsland, who presided, and the Marquis of Aber- deen, who had been an absorbed listener, conveyed the thanks of the delegates to Mr. Roberton, amid scenes of much en- thusiasm. The Convention broke many records, and notably so in its receipt of messages from rulers of the world and leading per- sonalities of different nations. At one meeting after another interest was quickened by the reading of these messages. On the opening night there was the greeting from the Royal patron of the Convention—the Duke of York—which was read at both the inaugural gatherings. At a later session there was the reply from the King himself in response to a loyal message which had been sent to His Majesty by the Con- vention. Then there was a message from the King of Nor- way, through the Right Rev. Bishop Johan Lunde, who was one of the Convention speakers, and regular in his attendance As SEEN BY GuAascow EYES 59 at the sessions. From President Coolidge there came a sym- pathetic message, which gave special delight to the American delegates, and was warmly received by the Convention. The Prime Minister of Japan also sent a message, and there were others, not only from great men, but from great churches and religious organisations throughout the world. As each fresh message came from kings and rulers, the Convention stood while they were being read, and nation joined with nation in applause at the close. A Convention of any kind, but especially one on a world’s seale, is inevitably largely affected by its leading personalities. In this respect the World’s Convention of Glasgow, 1924, was singularly fortunate. It cannot be invidious to mention Mr. James Kelly as the central figure throughout. He was some- thing more than the Hon. Convention Secretary; he was the pivotal personality in the whole Convention. On his shoul- ders, through the long period of preparation, there lay the main burden of responsibility, and his was the busy brain be- hind the manifold and complex organisation. His also was the indomitable spirit which never flinched, and the states- manlike mind equal to every emergency. When the Conven- tion actually assembled, it was pleasing to see the widespread appreciation of his labours. Never did Mr. Kelly appear on the platform, even to make an announcement, without receiv- ing an ovation, and the scene at the closing session, when Mr. and Mrs. Kelly were publicly honoured in the presence of a erowded and enthusiastic audience, was felt to be but a fit- ting tribute to his masterly accomplishment. In the closing scene Mr. James Cunningham, J.P., also figured (along with Mrs. Cunningham), and received a warm acknowledgment of his services. As Chairman of the Execu- tive, Mr. Cunningham had been very intimately associated with Mr. Kelly throughout the whole of the preliminary work. A veteran in the movement, and one who had the privilege of being present at the former World’s Convention in Tokyo, Mr. Cunningham was known to many of the delegates from the Far East and elsewhere; and throughout the Convention he was one of the most active and most popular of its per- sonalities. 60 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS In Colonel J. A. Roxburgh, J.P., Chairman of the Coun- cil, the Convention was fortunate in having in that important office one of the leading citizens of Glasgow. Notwithstanding the many claims on the time of one still in the thick of busi- ness and public life, Colonel Roxburgh devoted himself as- siduously to Committee work for many months in advance, and at the Convention itself he was conspicuous by his at- tendance at the public sessions, and by the dignity and ef- fectiveness of his addresses from the platform. Lord Pentland, on account of an unfortunate accident on the eve of the meetings, was unable to take such an active part as he might otherwise have done as President, but at con- siderable personal inconvenience he took the chair at the Opening session. On that occasion he gave an address which revealed how closely he was in touch and sympathy with the work. He spoke with a certain deliberation, as if he were weighing every word because of his consciousness of the great- ness of the occasion. Another Convention office bearer to whom the Convention owed much was Sir Steven Bilsland, ~ who, as Hon. Treasurer, rendered yeoman service in the neces- sary and important department of finance. The Hospitality Committee, in its multifarious duties, was under the joint convenership of Councillor Violet Craig Roberton, J.P., the Hon. Mrs. MacGilchrist, and Lady Mac- leod, with Miss Jessy S. Calderwood as the efficient and in- defatigable secretary. Among local personalities whose names are worthy of honourable mention were Mr. James B. Wardhaugh and Mr. George Melvin, the Convener and Sec- retary in charge of the Exhibition; Mr. Finlay M. Ross and ex-Bailie Bryce, as joint Conveners of the Halls and Stewards, with Mr. John Norrie as Secretary; and Mr. J. Murray Tomory, as Convener of the Sub-Committee on Missionary Demonstrations. Captain W. D. Scott, D.S.0., M.C., who was in charge of the Open Air Demonstration of Juvenile Organisations, also rendered helpful service, and Mr. Hugh Hunter, Mus. B., as Director of Music, filled an important office with distinction. At the forenoon sessions the baton was wielded by the Rev. G. Macleod Dunn, of Kelvingrove Parish Church. The singing of the great choir under Mr. Hunter’s As SEEN By Guasaow EYES 61 conductorship, at the evening sessions, was regarded by the delegates as an impressive and inspiring part of the services. There were many others whose names deserve to be in- scribed on the Convention Roll of Honour, from the Marquis of Aberdeen to the humblest worker behind the scenes, men, and women too, who gave fully of their time and strength to the service of the cause. It would be manifestly impossible to mention all the promi- nent personalities from England and abroad who shone at the Convention. From across the Border there was Dr. W. C. Poole, Sir Harold V. Mackintosh, Sir George Croydon Marks, M.P., and others holding official and unofficial posi- tions in the Sunday-School world. From America the domi- nating figure was that of Dr. W. G. Landes, of New York, the General Secretary of the World’s Sunday School Association, who, with his colleagues, Dr. W. C. Pearce and Dr. Samuel D. Price, were responsible for the general business. Dr. Landes steadily impressed his personality on the Convention, and more than once he proved himself a master of assemblies. The closing session of the Convention brought the whole proceedings to a great climax. When Dr. Floyd W. Tomkins of Philadelphia, rose to give his address on ‘‘The All Suf- ficient Christ,’’ a hush fell upon the vast assemblage. Speak- ing in quiet tones, and with a restrained manner, Dr. Tomkins deepened the impression of the occasion. Then Dr. F. B. Meyer came forward to deliver the concluding address, and to conduct the service of dedication. The hour was getting late, and Dr. Meyer, with inspired instinct, adapted himself to the circumstances. Discarding the address he had pre- pared on ‘‘The Lordship of Christ’’ (which was already in type), he addressed himself direct to his hearers, and in words of real inspiration gathered up all the threads of the Convention. It was an intimate personal talk, more moving than the most thrilling eloquence. The spirit triumphed over physical weakness until even the very countenance of the speaker seemed almost transfigured. His hearers caught the glow of his inspiration and responded to his every appeal. With radiant face and in a quiet and gracious manner he led them on in the great final act of dedication. When at last the audience sought to relieve its feelings in a burst of ap- 62 Sunpay ScHoou AND HEALING oF NATIONS plause, Dr. Meyer, with uplifted hand, quietly restrained them. Then there rolled forth the triumphant notes of the ‘*Hallelujah Chorus,’’ and all the pent-up emotion of the people found outlet in that glorious song of praise. It was a great ending to a great Convention, and the echoes of that closing service will reverberate in many countries of the world, and in distant islands of the sea. There is Biblical authority for the statement that ‘‘ Better is the end of a thing than the beginning thereof.’’ It was certainly true in the case of the Convention. It began well, but it ended better. There was no falling-off as the days passed by. The interest was maintained and deepened as time went on, and the closing day marked the high-water mark of the whole Convention. And now it is all a thing of the past. ‘The tumult and the shouting dies; The captains and the kings depart.’’ With the dispersion of the crowds and the sailing of the last delegate to his home across the sea, the great event—so long anticipated, so earnestly prepared for, and so gloriously lived through—is but a memory and a name. And yet its in- fluence will continue as a living force in the generations that are to come. The full story of the Convention will not be told until the last great day when all things shall be revealed. Il. WELCOMES AND ENTERTAINMENTS only in opening the homes to the delegates, many more of them than could be used, but also in a series of re- markable addresses, functions, and entertainments. First came the address of welcome, delivered at the opening service of the Convention, by The Most Hon. the Marquis of Aberdeen and Temair, K. T., President of the Scottish National Sabbath School Union. He said: In the Gaelic language—not unknown in Glasgow—there is a phrase which, being interpreted literally, means ‘‘A hundred thousand wel- comes.’’ That is at any rate picturesque and comprehensive; and in another land of poetic instinct a phrase was once used which I think could not be surpassed. It was this—‘‘ You are welcome as sunshine.’’ And we are sure that our visitors have come in the sunshiny spirit of brightness and geniality. Of course, in any case, the greeting to these fellow-workers could not fail to be of the most cordial and whole-hearted sort; but the circum- stances of the time are such as to render the presence of these com- rades doubly welcome; for we seem to be at a parting of the ways, in a matter of transcendent importance, regarding which not only mutual good-will but active codperation is called for. Instead of endeavouring to set forth this in words of explanation, I shall simply mention or remind you of a fact, an event, so eloquent that the mere statement thereof will make up for the lack of eloquence in its presentation. In July of last year a great Conference, under the auspices of the National Educational Association of America, was held at San Fran- cisco. The holding of that Conference emanated from the thought, the conviction, which had come home to many minds both in Europe and America, that peace on earth and good-will toward men could never be secured unless the foundation of peace and good-will were laid in the schools. And so a dominant purpose of the Conference was to consider what education could do for World Peace; in other words a recognition that the hope of the future in this all-important matter is with the young. In this Convention at San Francisco sixty countries were represented and thirty-one different linguistic groups. And as the days of earnest consultation passed, the barriers of race and language seemed to melt away, and the assemblage became inspired with a noble enthusiasm in one great purpose-—world education for world peace, through the uprooting of war as a human institution. 63 | Sees boundless hospitality was evidenced not 64 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS Now if these people who represented the so-called secular side of education (though of course all teaching has an element of sacredness) could be so enthusiastic in this cause, what may not be accomplished by the religious teachers of youth? Surely they will not be slow to cooperate in this world-saving work. They may need protection against misrepresentation or misunder- standing. May we not look to the clergy for that protection? One thing is certain; the suggested teaching and influence in favour of peace is free from any particle of politics. It is patriotic, and it is Christian to the core through and through. And now I have a special twofold commission with which to con- clude. In tendering this welcome, I must explain that one whose name is a household word among teachers though he wishes to abstain from further utterances just now, desires to be identified in the fullest measure with the expression, Mr. James Kelly, the Secretary and factotum of the Scottish National Sabbath School Union. The work of preparation for this imposing Convention has been prodigious; and great is the number of those participating in its organisation. But I believe all will agree in the declaration that there has been and is one central personality as pivot and focus of the whole—the Honorary Sec- retary of the Convention. He has worked like—well, if a metaphor has to be used, one may say, he has worked like that interesting and industrious member of the animal kingdom—the bee, the busy bee. We are accustomed to see the bee flying about and moving from flower to flower, but always intent on one purpose—not for itself, but for the cause in which it is engaged. And Mr. Kelly has been flying about in various parts of the world; and he has made things hum, too. But we can drop metaphor—he has worked like a devoted servant of the Master, for the Master’s little ones. And moreover, he was fore- most in the initiation of the project and the invitation which has re- sulted in the World’s Sunday School Convention’s being held in this great Scottish city. And so we congratulate him; and, with him, all who have been associated in this great and arduous enterprise. Homage to them all. And now the long-looked for day has come. The Convention has be- gun, and we are here as brethren to dwell together in unity for a great purpose. May we not further adopt the language of that short but cherished Psalm, and expect the dew of Hermon which descended upon the mountains of Zion, for there the Lord commanded the blessing! Next came Sir Harold MacIntosh, of Halifax, Yorkshire, the President of the National Sunday School Union, England. He said, in part: I have never had, and never shall have, a more difficult and at the same time more pleasurabe task than I have to-night. One knows how to welcome a few visitors to one’s own home, or maybe, how to receive a small deputation at one’s church, school or business, but when it comes to welcoming over three thousand delegates in the name of almost four WELCOMES AND ENTERTAINMENTS 65 million members of the English National Sunday School Union, I am truly at a loss. Words seem altogether inadequate. One feels the need of the spec- tacular: of a Royal Salute of 21 guns; of a display of battleships; of thousands of soldiers and miles of bunting. We cannot, I am afraid, parade our strength in this way, but behind the welcoming words you can imagine a great army of Sunday-School workers and scholars spread- ing from Land’s End to John o’ Groats, stretching out the right hand of fellowship. You must imagine for a moment that I am a loud-speaker broadcast- ing the welcome of four million English and Welsh Sunday-School workers and scholars whom—as their President—I have the honour of representing to-night. I want to assure you that there is nothing half-hearted in your recep- tion or anything meagre in the spirit in which we greet you. Among my most cherished memories are those of the hospitality I have received from American, Colonial and foreign friends when visiting them. I am afraid we cannot compete with many of our friends from overseas in the display of our welcome. You must take us as you find us. We want to give you, not a poor imitation of an American or a Colonial welcome, but a real typical British welcome. One of the things that struck me first on visiting American and Canadian cities was the absence of hedges and walls around gardens and houses. It typified in my mind your free and open natures. I am afraid in the old country, we are apt to be rather too insular and reserved at times. I assure you we are none the less hearty, but I appeal to all my fellow countrymen during the time of this Convention to pull down those hedges and remove the walls, and know no reserve in our welcome and our hospitality to our visitors from overseas. It is impossible to welcome separately the forty different countries represented here, but I would like to say a word to each group. First. Welcome to the delegates from the United States of America. We have a common language and ancestry, but more, we have a common religious faith and history. We think of the Pilgrim Fathers who set sail over three centuries ago, and how, after many generations, their children are returning to these shores with the love of God still in their hearts. We acknowledge with gratitude, the great service you have. rendered to the Sunday-School movement by bringing new and life-giv- ing contributions to the cause. Second. Welcome to our visitors from the Orient, and from all mis- sionary countries. To them we give our praise for work well done, and our prayers for work yet to be done. Third. Welcome to the visitors from the countries of Europe, many of whom are fighting cruel battles where Christianity is once again on trial. To them we offer our sympathy and our prayers. And finally, welcome to the visitors from our own British Colonies. I put them last, not because they are least, but because they are part of our Empire Family, and to these, our own brothers and sisters, we, the Parent Union, welcome them home again. 66 SuNDAY ScHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS The response to Sir Harold’s message was given most hap- pily by Mr. Paul Sturtevant, of New York City, member of the World’s Executive Committee, and Treasurer of the World’s Sunday School Association. He said: These words of welcome have placed on the delegates of this Conven- tion a great responsibility. All roads have been leading to Scotland for a long time. Scotland has been on our minds and we have looked for- ward to the time when we should be in Glasgow. For some of us it has been a great home-coming; others have come for inspiration. Scotland is a country of Bible study, a land of simple faith and hope. Many of us have come to visit the land of the patron saint of romance, Walter Scott, who was born and died in Scotland. The patron saint of poetry, Robert Burns, and John Knox, a man of fearless in- tegrity, had their homes in Scotland. And we cannot forget that you permitted James VI of Scotland to become James I of England. The history of Scotland goes back as far as the sixth century. The history of the United States is very short in comparison with that of Scotland; we feel very humble, and it is indeed fitting that the youngest should salute the oldest. When we see the flag of Britain we are re- minded of the cross of St. Andrew. Wherever the British flag floats there rest justice and liberty. We pray that out of this Convention may come great results for good. Men out of their individual rights are wondering whether it pays to be good. Pray that a great wave of good may come to make conditions in the world better. There is no nation that will not respond to the eall of the spirit. It is the work of the Sunday School to carry this spirit. God makes great pronouncements and starts great movements; ten years ago a great storm broke upon the world, and just now the storm is receding. The spirit of the Convention transcends all boundaries. We have come not to exalt the star of any one people or the flag of any one nation. We have come to blend the stars of all people into the star of Bethle- hem, all flags into the one white flag of Christianity, elevated into the pure air of freedom. We want it to be like the morning star just rising full of light and splemdour, and not like the star of evening, dark, ready to set. Light is divine, and comes from the throne above. Let us have that light and let it shine throughout the world. At the simultaneous session held in St. George’s and St. Peter’s Church, Mr. James Cunningham, J.P., ex-Chairman of the Scottish National Sabbath School Union, and Hon. Treasurer, British Committee of the World’s Sunday School Association, said, in part: To the many friends from far and near who have come to this great Convention, it has fallen to me at this meeting to extend a very warm and cordial welcome on behalf of our Scottish National Sabbath School Union, our Convention Council and the citizens of Glasgow. All organisa- WELCOMES AND ENTERTAINMENTS 67 tions in Scotland furthering the religious life of our country, more especially among the young, have been looking forward with great hope to much good following our conference together, and in their name I bid you welcome. That the work of the Sunday School may be quickened and improved and that the cause of Christ may be advanced, both in the Home and the Mission Field, has been the aspiration and prayer of all interested in the arrangements for the great event. It was a big undertaking for our small country to face, but Scotsmen are not easily daunted by difficulties and, satisfied as to the righteousness of their cause, go forward without counting the numbers against them. It was meet that a country famous for its Christian character and the godly upbringing of its children should extend a welcome to the repre- sentatives of the greatest voluntary agency in the world for the moral and spiritual teaching of the yqung. Nowhere should Sunday-School teachers be more at home than in the land of John Knox and David Livingstone, a land not only famous for its great leaders in Christian work and missionary enterprise, but for its world renowned men in literature, science, art and commerce; for its pioneers in the extension of civilisation and the British Empire; and for the number of its leading men in the educational and political history of the country. There were giants in those days, and the race is not yet extinct, though we are sometimes pessimistic enough to think that in recent tendencies in the political world, we are on the down grade, and readers of the present daily press will think we have not much to boast of. No doubt the early training did much to mould Scottish character and, assisted by the grandeur of our Scottish scenery, produced a race of stern, sturdy and independent God-fearing men and women. With the love of God and the love of country strongly imbedded in the human heart, we can look forward to peace and contentment, but with selfish class interests dominating the mind we can look only for anarchy and discontent. We shall best secure our own soul’s salvation, if we strive for the sal- vation of others, and no field gives such opportunities for self-denying soul- and body-saving work as that of the Sunday School. We are passing through a period of apparent apathy on the part of our young men and women, a time of disinclination to give up their time and talents to the service. The spirit of amusement seems to have got a stronger hold than formerly. This may not be wondered at as a reaction from the anxieties and struggles of the Great War. We have, however, seen a tremendous revolution in the conditions of everyday life in the last ten years. So may we hope and pray for that outpouring of the Spirit of God upon all flesh spoken of by the Prophet Joel, when our sons and our daughters ‘‘shall prophesy.’’ As an old man I dream dreams of what we have accomplished in the past, and as a man still young I see visions of what may come sooner than we can presently discern any signs of; when our churches and our Sunday Schools will be filled and our mission fields manned by consecrated souls devoted to the service of God and of their fellowmen, bringing in that time when the kingdoms of the world are become ‘‘the kingdom of our 68 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS Lord and of His Christ.’’ We shall not bring in this time by sitting down with folded hands and waiting on its arrival; we have to go out and bring it in. On Thursday evening, welcome was much more formally given at a Civic Reception, held in The Fine Art Galleries in Kelvingrove Park. Addresses of welcome were delivered by the Right Hon. the Lord Provost, Mr. Matthew Montgomery, in the name of the city; by Rev. John White, D.D., Barony Free Church, in the name of the Churches, and by Principal Sir Donald MacAlister, Bart., LL.D., D.C.L., the University of Glasgow, in the name of Education. Replies were made by Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D., of Chicago, and Mr. Kiyoshi Koidzumi, of Japan. Following the addresses came a delightful entertainment by a chorus choir and a bountiful luncheon. On Saturday afternoon the famous Glasgow Orpheus Choir, conducted by Mr. Hugh 8. Roberton, gave a marvellous concert to the delegates and their friends, who crowded the spacious St. Andrew’s Hall. After hearing the Scottish and other folk songs which were a feature of the entertainment, those present were not surprised that the choir has gained favour far beyond the confines of Scotland. Their delight was equal to their wonder as they listened to number after number that would have commanded amazed and grateful hearing among the most ardent lovers of music. It was fitting that, from the floor of the Convention a dele- gate—who was unwilling to wait for the formal report of the Committee on Resolutions—should move a vote of thanks to the choir for its services, which were given gratuitously, out of compliment to the Convention. The resolution, which was voted with enthusiasm, was as follows: The Executive Committee and the delegates, who had the very rare privilege of enjoying the concert Saturday afternoon, given by Professor Hugh Roberton and his famous Orpheus Choir, desire to express to him by Convention action how sincerely they have appreciated the wonder- fully pleasing treat. The appreciation has been intensified by the knowl- edge of the fact that Mr. Roberton of his own volition volunteered his services and that of his Choir as a contribution to the programme of the World’s Sunday School Convention. The concert was a feature of the Convention that will never be forgotten, and we therefore collectively and individually join in the heartiest measure of appreciation. WELCOMES AND ENTERTAINMENTS 69 Immediately after the concert, the delegates were invited to the beautiful grounds of the University of Glasgow, for an - open-air demonstration of the following organisations under the command of Captain W. D. Scott, D.S.O., M.C.: The Boys’ Brigade, the Boys’ Life Brigade, the Girl Guides, the Girls’ Guildry, and the Girls’ Life Brigade. More than four thousand young people took part. After a display of their work, the organisations marched past the Lord Lieutenant of the City of Glasgow and the delegates. On Monday afternoon provision was made for an official Convention Excursion, by special train to Gourock and thence by four special steamers, which sailed down the Firth of Clyde, and through the Kyles of Bute. Every evening during the Convention, in Hengler’s Cireus, there was given to a crowded house a Pageant of the Sunday School, whose authors were Miss Jennie Street and Mr. James Kelly. More than five hundred persons, and representatives of many organisations and more than seventy-four countries, took part. By a well-conceived series of pictures, explained and prepared for by the remarkable work of the Narrator, Miss Alice Parry Gunn, the story of the Sunday School was depicted, beginning with the Patriarchs; continuing through the days of Jesus and the early Church, and of the Reforma- tion on the Continent and in Great Britain, and with its modern developments in organisation and week-day activities. The series of World’s Sunday School Conventions was pic- tured, and the mission work of the World’s Association was passed in review. Then the closing picture was of The World for Christ Through the Children. III. GREETINGS AND MESSAGES HERE was great enthusiasm when, at the opening ses- sion of the Convention, the following message from H. R. H., the Duke of York, was read: To the delegates assembled at the World’s Sunday School Convention I send warmest greetings. I deeply regret my inability as Convention Patron to extend personally to you a welcome, but my engagements are of such a nature that I have found it impossible to come to Scotland for the Convention. I rejoice to know that some forty countries have sent delegates to the Convention, and that the continent of Europe in particular is so well represented, two hundred and forty delegates having come from twenty- three different countries. I would extend a special word of welcome to the delegates from Central and Eastern Europe, the presence of many of whom at this Convention has involved great personal sacrifice. You are welcome as co-workers in the great world task of winning the young people of the world for truth, righteousness and God, and of creating a high moral standard which cannot fail to be reflected in the national outlook of every land. The assembling of this notable Convention is of happy augury for the future of Religious Education, and I pray that the blessing of God Almighty may rest on all your deliberations, and that the results accru- ing therefrom may herald the dawn of a new era when peace shall hold sway over the whole world. (Signed) ALBERT. A message, dated from Windsor Castle, was read on June 24th: I am commanded to express the sincere thanks of the King and Queen for the message received to-day from the international delegates now assembled at the Ninth Convention of the World’s Sunday School As- sociation. ‘Their Majesties fully recognise the importance of the high aims and objects of the Association to further the spiritual welfare of the children of to-day, and trust that every blessing may attend their endeavours. (Signed) SraAMFORDHAM. To this message the Convention sent a response, as follows: May it please Your Majesty: The Ninth Convention of the World’s Sunday School Association, now assembled in Glasgow, embracing delegates from fifty-one different nationalities, present their humble duty to your Majesty. We are deeply appreciative of the constant interest you and your house have always taken in Christian work among the young, and we thank God for your unwearied and painstaking work for a better understanding among the 70 GREETINGS AND MESSAGES {e nations and races of the world, as also for your deep interest in every- thing that tends to promote them. We would assure your Majesty that our earnest prayers and work are devoted to the same purpose of promoting peace and brotherhood. May God preserve your Majesty, the Queen, and your family to be a blessing to the whole earth. In the name of the Convention, JAMES KELLY, Convention Secretary. On June 20th, enthusiasm was renewed on the reading of a letter from President Calvin Coolidge of the United States of America, which was addressed to Mr. Arthur M. Harris, retiring Chairman of the World’s Executive Committee: My Dear Mr. Harris: I ask that you will extend to the World’s Sunday School Convention, assembled in Glasgow, my greetings and sincere good wishes. Such a gathering, representing as it does the nations of the world, must in itself have a far-reaching effect in promoting that better understanding which is So essential to the cause of peace. But that there should be gathered such a body of men and women whose sole purpose is to serve humanity is doubly inspiring. I trust that the Convention will result in a renewed consecration to the great task which is its aim and end. Very truly yours, CALVIN COOLIDGE. The response to this hearty message, as cabled by the Con- vention, read: World’s Sunday School Convention, with fifty-one nations represented, appreciates your letter of greetings received through Arthur M. Harris, Chairman of our Executive Committee. Entire programme of eight days full of constructive messages looking toward world peace. When a cordial message was received from His Royal High- ness, the Duke of York, the following response was sent: The delegates at the Ninth World’s Sunday School Convention, as- sembled at Glasgow, have received with much gratitude the gracious message of His Royal Highness, the Duke of York, dated 18th June, 1924. They much regret that he is unable to attend the Convention, but they appreciate most highly his kind and sympathetic message. They are well aware of the interest that His Royal Highness takes in the young people, not only of the British Empire, but of the world at large; it is matter for much satisfaction to the members of the Convention to feel that he is working with them in helping to establish among the boys and girls of to-day that high moral standard, which can be attained only by religious education, and to usher in that era of world peace, which, by the blessing of God, the work of the Sunday School is so eminently fitted to promote. JAMES KELLY, Convention Secretary. fy: SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS His Majesty Haakon, King of Norway, sent greetings through Bishop Johan Lunde of Christiania : Please convey my greetings to the World Sunday School Convention, the work of which is a great blessing to mankind. HAAKON, R. The response sent by the Convention read: Kina HAAKON, CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY: Delegates from fifty-one nations in World’s Sunday School Convention gratefully received your greetings and pray God’s blessing upou you and your people. W. G. LANDES, General Secretary. Premier Viscount Kato of Japan cabled his good wishes: Wish express cordial thanks for support and sympathy given by for- eign members’ association to preceding meeting held in Tokyo. To-day whole world desires peace. In my opinion Sunday School is doing a considerable service in promoting world peace. It also is beneficial in elevating intellectual and spiritual status mankind. No one doubts its profound significance and its great mission. MHeartily hope present meeting well attended, with undivided success. PREMIER VISCOUNT KATO. The Convention’s response was as follows: Your cabled greetings and well wishes have been gratefully received and we pray God’s blessing upon you, your government and people. W. G. LANDES, General Secretary. Letters of greeting came also from Viscount E. Shibusawa of Tokyo, and Kanyuki Yegi, Minister of Education of Japan. The latter referred to the terrible earthquake in September, 1923: _ I would like you to know that the remembrance of the sympathy ex- hibited so spontaneously to the people of Japan by the youth of all nations remains indelibly inscribed in the hearts of my countrymen, and I cannot but avail myself of the opportunity to express our heart- felt gratitude. Justice John J. Maclaren of Toronto, Canada, retiring | President of the World’s Association, sent greetings. After stating that the state of his health forbade his attendance at the Convention, he expressed the earnest hope for the suc- cess of the gathering. Among the other greetings received were the following : Exmouth, England, Sunday School Union; Executive Council of the Christian’ Endeavour Union of Great Britain and Ireland; National Free Church Council; Wesleyan Reform Union, Young People’s Depart- ment; Rev. Francis E. Clarke, D.D., President of the World’s Christian GREETINGS AND MESSAGES i ics’ Endeavour Union; Osaka Branch of the Japan Sunday School Associa- tion; Irish Methodist Conference at Cork; West Philadelphia Sunday School District; Cape Sunday School Union, Cape Town, South Africa; Telugu Lutheran Sunday School, Guntur, India; the Sunday Schools of Zurich Canton, Switzerland; Sunday School Congress, Winterthur Andelfingen, Switzerland; Swansea, Wales, Sunday School Union; Sun- day School of Vaterlandschurch, Christiania, Norway; People’s Central Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Australian Methodist Young People, from Neweastle, New South Wales; Yoshidcuma Sunday School, Tokyo, Japan; Surday School Conference, Dutch Reformed Church, Bloemfon- tein, South Africa; Sunday School Union of Darringham, Lancashire, England; Trinity Reformed Sunday School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Street Boys’ Sunday School, Cairo, Egypt; Korea Sunday School As- sociation; Tokyo-Yokohama Union of the Sunday Schools of the Church of Christ in Japan; Primitive Methodist Church of England. IV. REPORT OF GENERAL SECRETARY DR. W. G. LANDES TO THE NINTH CONVENTION OF THE WORLD’S SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND, JUNE 18-26, 1924 From Tokyo To GLASGOW WENTY-SIX years has intervened since a world gath- ering of Sunday-School workers has been held on Brit- ish soil. It was July 11-16, 1898, that the World’s Third Sunday School Convention assembled in London, England. Among the speakers was Mr. T.-C. Ikehara, international field worker for Japan. In the course of his remarks, as he re- ported on the progress of the work in his country, he said: We now have 40,000 Protestant Christians among the entire popu- lation of 42,000,000, or one to 1,050. Reaction against Christianity has now set in. It pains me when L read from time to time on the pages of magazines, the organs of Buddhism and Shintoism, the boasting word of their leaders: ‘‘We now have completely checked the invasion of a destructive Christ religion. We are now in a position to root out Chris- tianity from our land.’’ His report for the future progress of Sunday-School work in Japan was most discouraging. But God had other plans. The rooting-out process was to be changed to a more intense cultivating process, for He was even then preparing a com- missioner to visit Japan and the Far East. At the right moment, in 1907, Dr. Frank L. Brown, with his great heart of love, was sent to Japan to confer with the missionaries and native leaders. His presence radiated encouragement and fresh zeal for the work. He made friends wherever he went. Following this visit National Sunday-School organisa- tions came into being in Japan, Korea, China, and the Philip- pine Islands. A second visit was made in company with Mr. H. J. Heinz in 1918, and later, under his leadership as Joint General Secretary of the World’s Sunday School Associa- tion, Japan entertained the World’s Highth Sunday School Convention in 1920. This Convention was the first world gathering of Christian workers following the Armistice of 74 REPORT OF GENERAL SECRETARY 15 the World War. The hospitable manner in which that Con- vention was entertained by the Japanese people; the friend- liness displayed by government officials; the generous finan- cial assistance by the Emperor and outstanding business and professional men; the far-reaching schedule of pre- and post- Convention meetings carrying a Sunday-School message into every province of the Empire, combined to make that Con- vention an outstanding national and international event of great importance. It is to encourage our hearts that we pause to take this backward glance and dwell for a brief moment on the report from Japan given at the World’s Sunday School Convention held in London, England, in 1898, and then to consider the events of the great world gathering of Sunday-School work- ers a little more than two decades later held in the capital city of the Japanese Empire with the open recognition of their majesties, the Emperor and Empress. It would be a long story to tell of the immediate and abiding influence of the Tokyo Convention upon Christian education in the Far Kast. With the passing of the quadrennium, the Japanese National Sunday School Association has steadily grown in constructive influence. This Association is now recognised as an important factor in the educational life of that nation. For some years previous to the Convention there was con- siderable opposition to the Sunday-School movement on the part of the educational authorities, but now as late as the month of March in this year 1924 comes the almost unbe- lievable piece of information that the Department of Educa- tion for the city of Tokyo has requested the assistance of the National Sunday School Association to furnish a regular period of Christian teaching in all the primary public schools (pupils 7 to 14) of that city. The National Sunday School Association, under the wise leadership of Rev. Shoichi Imamura, the general secretary, assisted by Mr. H. E. Coleman, educational secretary for Japan, representing the World’s Sunday School Association, has succeeded in organising its entire field, creating 104 dis- trict associations under native leadership. 76 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS During the terrible days of the earthquake disaster, the National Sunday School Association of Japan was commis- sioned by the Japanese Government to care for the lost and orphaned children. Hundreds of these helpless little ones were speedily and comfortably cared for in tented shelters and the majority of them were afterwards restored to parents, relatives or friends. The record of progress by the Sunday-School movement in Japan since the Tokyo Convention is now climaxed in the very successtul effort launched by the National Association to secure a headquarters building in which to house their execu- tive offices as well as to establish a training school for Sun- day-School teachers and leaders. This enterprise should en- list the sympathetic codperation of every National Sunday School Association. VISITS TO THE FIELDS At no period in the history of the World’s Sunday School Association has there been such a close personal contact with the various fields to study their needs and to hold helpful and encouraging conferences with the workers as during the past four years. Immediately following the Tokyo Conven- tion a group of delegates, returning to their homes, visited Korea, China, the Straits Settlements, Ceylon, India, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Conferences and inspirational meet- ings were held wherever stops were made. Particular men- tion should be made of the fine piece of service given by Mr. Charles Francis, a member of the World’s Executive Com- mittee, who, in company with his daughter, Mrs. L. Francis Fitch, visited Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Europe and South America, in every place making contacts with the Sunday-School leaders and addressing many conferences and popular meetings. Three notable tours were made by Dr. W. C. Pearce, who, early in 1921, was called to become Associate General Sec- retary. The first tour was made in company with the late Mr. James W. Kinnear, then Chairman of the Executive Committee. It covered the States of Central and Western Europe, the Scandinavian Provinces, England and Scotland. One result was to fix the date and place for holding the REPORT OF GENERAL SECRETARY 7? World’s Ninth Sunday School Convention. The second tour was made by Dr. Pearce alone in 1922 and was globe-en- circling, taking him to the Near East, Australia, New Zealand and the Orient. The third tour in 1923 was to South America. Dr. Pearce came to the World’s Association staff with the background of eighteen years of intensive experience with the International Sunday School Association. His visits to the field, which took him into thirty-five different countries, were therefore very timely and of great value, for the Execu- tive Committees of many national associations were needing advice in methods of organisation, the training of a leader- ship and the production of literature. Two visits were made to Europe by the General Secretary in the interest of the Glasgow Convention—the first early in 1923 in company with Mr. James Kelly of Glasgow, Scotland, and the second in 1924, the latter trip being extended to North Africa, Greece, Egypt, Syria and Palestine. Mr. Kelly made a second visit to Central Europe late in 1923 in the interest of the Glasgow Convention. At the same time Dr. W. C. Poole, Chairman of the British Committee, went on a similar journey to the Scandinavian Provinces. FIELD ORGANISATION National organisations now working in cooperation with the World’s Sunday School Association, which are financially self-supporting, are as follows: 1. Australia 4. Holland 7. Wales 2. New Zealand 5. Seotland 8. North America 3. Denmark 6. England 9. Switzerland 10. South Africa National organisations, not fully self-supporting finan- cially, most of which receive grants from the World’s Sunday School Association : 11. Austria 18. Syria 25. China 12. Hungary 19. Egypt 26. Japan 13. Czecho-Slovakia 20. Algeria 27. Korea 14, Germany 21. India 28. Philippine Is. 15. France 22. Burma 29. Argentine 16. Italy 23. Ceylon 30. Brazil 17. Turkey 24, Siam 31. Chile 78 Sunpay ScHoou AND HEALING or NaTIONS These national organisations are the more significant be- cause they represent a united Protestantism, and are led by devoted and competent men and women. In mission fields the native Christian leaders are well represented in this lead- ership. The nations represented by these thirty-one unions comprise approximately three fourths of the world’s popula- tion. Surely we are challenged to ‘‘go forward.’’ New WorkK STARTED The Tokyo Convention established without question the value of the organised Sunday-School work as an efficient factor in the great world-wide missionary programme. It brought the World’s Sunday School Association into a new position of influence and strength. Those who participated in the various tours during the past four years have found open doors on every hand and a readiness to learn of the methods employed in promoting the Sunday School as an evangelising agency. As a result of this awakened interest, new National As- sociations have been organised in Ceylon, Burma, Czecho- slovakia, Hungary, Austria, Spain, Portugal and Chile. Co- Operating committees have been formed in North Africa, Constantinople, Roumania and Jugo-Slavia. Grants are be- ing made to most of these countries to support secretaries on part or full time, and also to assist in the production and cir- culation of literature. The need in all of these countries is full-time secretaries and more and better literature. ESTABLISHED WORK It is not the purpose of this report to give in detail the story of progress made in the countries where the World’s ~ Sunday School Association has been supporting secretaries to assist in developing the Sunday School. The past four years have witnessed a marvellous advance in Japan, Korea, China, India, the Philippines, Brazil, Argentina, Syria and Palestine. Our secretaries in these countries work under the direction of well organised National Committees, represent- ing the cooperative action and will of the missionary agencies and church bodies occupying the field. Each national or- REPORT OF GENERAL SECRETARY 719 ganisation has well defined plans for the training of an in- digenous leadership. Specially prepared study courses for leaders are given in summer assemblies and training camps, theological seminaries and schools, special departments in Christian colleges, com- munity training schools and institutes, training classes in local Sunday Schools and circulating libraries. With the growth of the indigenous or native church and the training of a native leadership, we naturally look for- ward to the time when the guidance from foreign or outside sources will be made unnecessary. The policy of the Associa- tion must be increasingly to surrender authority and direc- tion to native leadership as rapidly as such leadership can be secured. LITERATURE The visits made to the various parts of the world field dur- ing the past four years have revealed the great handicap under which our secretaries and the missionaries labour be- cause of the meagre and unsuitable literature supply with which Sunday-School work has to be promoted. The suc- cesses secured are marvellous when the quantity and quality of tools to work with are considered. Unquestionably it is not the printed page from which the truth of the Gospel has been revealed to the students, young and old, so much as the revelation that has come from contact with the daily life pages of the living teacher. We are inclined to say we have done our best with the means at hand, but that answer is open to a serious question mark. It may be that the importation of lesson courses made in Great Britain or America to some sections of the mission fields will have to be continued for some years yet to come. But the time is ripe for this Association to assemble all the influence it possesses to bring about an initial effort in some part of the world field, that part that is nearest ready for it, for the creation of an indigenous lesson committee, and assist that committee in building and producing a complete scheme of lesson study courses that will more clearly interpret the Christian way of life, and be more definitely identified with the history, climate, ideals, tradition and evils of the people. 80 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS An initial step has been taken by this organisation in causing the formation of a committee known as the Joint Advisory Committee for Lessons on the Foreign Field. We are happy to note that a majority of the members of this Committee are attending this Convention. The programme provides for the Committee to hold informal conferences with national groups of delegates. Every encouragement should be given this Committee, that under its guidance the missionary agencies most vitally interested can be speedily brought into cooperative action to meet this outstanding need. Primer courses for the vast multitudes of illiterates in many fields is an urgent need. As the Sunday School was the forerunner of the public school in Great Britain and America before the days of general educational. boards, so on the mission fields large numbers of children and young people not now in the mission day schools, might be reached through the Sunday- School method if the proper kind of literature were attain- able. The literature situation is not wholly discouraging, for the reports that come from our secretaries on the field tell of new pieces of literature constantly appearing. Mr. and Mrs. Annett in India have made fine contributions in textbooks and in making translations. They write: ‘‘It would be difficult to say how much Sunday-School reform and progress is impeded in India by the continuance of the dual system (British and American) of Uniform Lessons.’’ In Egypt six valuable textbooks for teachers, including Tar- bell’s Guide, translated and published quarterly, are now circulated. A weekly church paper contains one lesson each week from Oliver’s ‘‘Preparation for Teaching.’’ A young people’s paper is issued by the Syrian Sunday School Union and contains lesson material. The remarkable thing about this paper is that from the start it was almost self-supporting. A prospectus outlining a course of graded lessons, and a Sunday-School journal printed in Singhalese are issued by the Ceylon Sunday School Union. Work is going forward on a series of lessons for beginners in religion in the vernacular. This is the beginning of a graded series of lessons by the Burma Sunday School Union. REPoRT OF GENERAL SECRETARY 81 The Philippine Islands Sunday School Union brought out last year the Philippine Islands Sunday School Journal. The issue of this periodical was made possible through a generous gift from Hon. Theodore R. Yangeo, a leading citizen and philanthropist and a member of the Executive Committee of the World’s Sunday School Association. Beginning with the fourth quarter of 1922, the China Sun- day School Union commenced to issue Indigenous Bible Les- son Coloured Picture Cards. The first order placed was for 50,000 sets. The Korean Sunday School Union has a committee at work on a graded lesson course, with suitable teachers’ helps. The National Association of Japan now prints a paper for boys and girls called the Aozora (Deep blue sky). The weekly issue is 4,000 copies. A translation secretary has been employed to complete the junior graded lesson series and also to prepare for publication a series of pamphlets on Christian Education. The First Year’s Beginners’ Graded Lessons and two splendid translations, ‘‘Learning to Teach From the Master Teacher’’ and ‘‘The Beginner in the Sunday School,’’ have been brought out in the past two years by the Argentina As- sociation. A monthly Sunday-School paper called the Sunday School Corner, 24 pages, has been issued by the Czecho-Slovakia Sunday School Union. A monthly Sunday-School journal with lesson notes is also issued by the Hungary Sunday School Association. All the foregoing, as well as other technical and inspira- tional books for Sunday-School workers, have been issued during the past quadrennium, largely through the aid of grants from the World’s Sunday School Association treasury. The budget for the next quadrennium should contain larger appropriations for literature. THE ASSOCIATION BUDGET In the midst of discussions of reparations and debts which fill our newspapers and magazines with statistics of what peoples owe one another-—figures that stagger our compre- hension 28g which hate, prejudice and selfishness have created 82 SunpDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS —we, who bear the name Christian, have need to remember the supreme debt we owe to the childhood of the races. If we would avoid the repetition of facing in the future the solving of another war reparation problem, we must begin now to make larger investments in the greatest creative pro- fession of all, the Christian teacher. We must somehow get all those whose lives have been made richer and finer through the Sunday-School contacts, to say with the Apostle Paul, ‘‘I am debtor.’’ They must say it for the sake of the hundreds of millions of the world’s children who are yet unspoiled and upon whom must fall the task of healing the world’s disease, for there is no hope in securing the remedy from the genera- tion that is now getting old. The young around us in every land must be imbued with the Christ spirit and the Christ mind in order to bring about this healing. This Association must make investments in establishing training schools in every land that will turn out scores and hundreds of young men and women dedicated to the task of elimination, through Christian education, of international hatred, misunderstand- ing and prejudice. Trained field secretaries are needed in the states of every continent. Illiteracy is decreasing, and the number of children and people who can read is increasing ; therefore suitable literature and an adequate supply is needed everywhere. But these needs cannot be met with the kind of a budget we have had to work with for the past four years— a budget which, including the combined incomes of the Ameri- can and British sections, totaled less than $100,000 annually. That is an amount which looks ridiculous to place before a gathering of this kind. There is one member of the World’s Executive Committee who has faith enough to persist in talking about a budget for the World’s Sunday School Association in terms of $1,000,000. A greatly enlarged budget is needed to maintain our estab- lished work with increased grants for literature, and to place more directing secretaries in the field where they are now vitally needed. May every delegate attending this Conven- tion be constrained to say with Paul, ‘‘I am debtor,’’ and then, according to his or her ability, make a pledge toward the budget to be presented. This Association from its very inception has been supported almost entirely through the Report OF GENERAL SECRETARY 83 voluntary gifts of individual men and women, but now with our new relationships, which makes the World’s. Sunday School Association a world wide federation of National and International Sunday School Association units, and the links it has with the National Missionary Councils, we ought to secure direct or indirect appropriations from these bodies for the support of our budget. May we be much in prayer as we face this part of our task for He who knows our motives and our needs can and will direct us to the sources of supply if we seek His guidance. SURPLUS MATERIAL No phase of our work is deserving of higher commendation than the department that has created a highway from ten thousand and more Sunday Schools in the home lands, over which has traveled surplus material in the forms of literature and Sunday-School accessories of all kinds, direct to the needy mission fields. Could the full story of the practical service and ministry rendered by this department be told, it would read like a romance and fill the pages of a sizable volume. Since its creation this department has been most wisely conducted by Dr. Samuel D. Price, who receives every appeal coming from the mission fields for supplies or material as a prayer, and seeks to make this department the medium through which the prayer can be answered. The method is very simple. Sunday Schools or individuals at the home base, having usable surplus Sunday-School ma- terial of any kind, on writing to the World’s Sunday School Association headquarters, 216 Metropolitan Tower, New York City, and stating the nature of that material, will be given a eard of introduction to some missionary on the foreign field by whom such material can be used. The card will also con- tain full direction as to how the material should be sent. Since 1909, the year when this Department was created, fully fifty thousand introductions have been placed, and from the basketfuls of fragments gathered a multitude of needs have been supplied. A similar activity, known as the Pass-It-On Department, has since 1913 been conducted by Miss Gertrude Edwards, 23 Boyne Park, Tunbridge Wells, England, in the interest of missionaries from Great Britain. 84. SunpDAY ScHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS THe BritisqH COMMITTEE There is no attempt made in this report to give the story of the service rendered during the quadrennium by the British Committee. This will be found in a special report made by Mr. Arthur Black, the very efficient secretary of the Commit- tee. Mention should be made, however, of the magnificent cooperation the Committee has given to the General Executive Committee in carrying out the policies of the Association. The meetings and activities of the Committee have all been promptly and fully reported, and no word of praise too highly commendatory, can be given for the work accomplished. In spite of many trying handicaps at home and abroad, every obligation assumed by the Committee has been faithfully dis- charged. Near Hast RELIEF Travelers in the Near East who have visited the stations of the Near East Relief Orphanages located in Greece, Syria, Palestine and the Caucasus, where 50,000 children, cruelly orphaned by the war, are now being sheltered and eared for, have no doubt been deeply impressed with the humane and thorough righteousness of the enterprise. This mission is building into the future manhood and womanhood of those countries personalities that will unquestionably make their impress on the future national life of that part of the world. With confidence in the work being done by the Near East Relief Committee, the following resolution was adopted: We, the members of the Executive Committee of the World’s Sunday School Association in session April 24, 1924, in New York City, believ- ing most heartily in the child training and welfare programme of the Near East Relief and in the great spiritual value of the observance of International Golden Rule Sunday, through the eating of a simple orphanage dinner on December 7, 1924, by people throughout the world, do hereby record our willingness to cooperate in this plan, and We authorise the appointment of a Committee to be known as the World’s Sunday School Association Committee on Codperation with Near East Relief, which shall work out with Near East Relief the details of this observance. DatLy VACATION BIBLE SCHOOLS Shortly after the Tokyo Convention, the International As- sociation of Daily Vacation Bible Schools sent a communica- REPORT OF GENERAL SECRETARY 85 tion to the Executive Committee of the World’s Sunday School Association expressing a desire to hold an auxiliary relationship. After a number of very helpful conferences, the Executive Committee, at its meeting held in New York April 26, 1923, voted to establish this relationship. By this action the work of the International Association of Daily Vacation Bible Schools now promotes its work on the foreign field through the units composing the World’s Sunday School Association. A splendid beginning was made during the summer months of 1923 in China, Japan and the Philippines. Additional work will be started this year in other countries. National Associations desiring information about this very important method of teaching Christian truth should write to the World’s Sunday School Association headquarters in New York City for literature. TRANSLATED LEADERS The last enemy, death, has made a terrible invasion into the ranks of the Executive Committee during the past four years. The very inner circle has been reached and, within a period of nine months, the General Secretary, the Chairman of the Executive Committee, and the President of the Association were summoned into the ‘‘mansions prepared.’’ It was a bit difficult to understand how these losses could be included in the ‘‘all things’’ that work together for good. Leaders of the type of Frank L. Brown, James W. Kinnear and John Wanamaker were hard to part with. On the eve of the great Glasgow Convention our ranks were again invaded and Marion Lawrance, recognized by all as the prince of Sunday- School promoters was summoned to his Heavenly home. Those who knew him best called him ‘‘Chief,’’ a fitting title for he was the chiefest among us. To this list we are obliged to add other names which were included in the toll of the grim reaper: Rev. Henry Collins Woodruff, New York; Herr J. G. Lehmann, Berlin, Germany; Sir John Kirk, J. P., London, England; Frank 8. Woodbury, D.D.S., Halifax, Canada; Hon. Lord Kinnaird, London, England; W. J. Frank, Can- ton, Ohio; Geo. A. Watts, Durham, N. C.; W. H. Stockham, Birmingham, -Alabama; F. A. Wells, Chicago, Illinois, and Wm. C. Decker, Montgomery, Pennsylvania. These were all 86 SUNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS members of the Executive Committee. They were pioneers and had adventurous spirits for righteousness. In their day the Sunday School came to be a mighty factor in the realm of Christian Education. Every man of them made his own contribution in developing this method of teaching Christian truth. All were leaders cast in an unusual mould and God used them mightily in extending His Kingdom. It is for us who remain to catch from their falling hands the torch of truth and hold it aloft as they did and exalt the uplifted Christ as they did for the healing of the nations. SUMMARY OF WoRLD’s SUNDAY SCHOOL STATISTICS Number Number Officersand Number Total Grand Divisions of Schools Teachers Scholars Enrollment North America ..... 195,343 2,459,799 17,510,830 19,970,629 Central America .... 361 1,781 16,580 18,361 South America ..... 2,439 11,533 122,134 133,667 West ‘Indies... .3... 1,838 17,080 153,723 170,803 KUsOpe "ese pene ee 83,336 806,830 8,293,170 9,100,000 A SIR are ene his biniete ee 34,037 67,994 1,496,481 1,564,475 ATTIC eines cae Mee 12,944 63,380 706,187 769,567 NEBR mete: oieete is 1,187 5,813 74,591 80,404 RICE ANIA Wl ta tic Wn ae ee 15,516 85,982 783,723 869,705 Grand Totals ... 347,001 3,520,192 29,157,419 32,677,611 The figures reported at Tokyo in 1920 are given for com- parison: Number Number Officersand Number Total Grand Divisions of Schools Teachers Scholars Enrollment North America ..... 155,944 1,697,520 17,065,061 18,762,581 Central America .... 167 606 13,061 13,667 South America ...... 3,246 16,203 146,141 162,344 West Indies ........ 1,617 8,953 128,437 137,390 Europese 3c. thts 3% 68,189 680,189 7,943,440 8,623,629 ERIS ie eae «pepe a bie sae 32,854 65,704 1,314,156 1,379,860 A TYIPAD seattle ve 10,015 46,007 660,218 706,225 MB ity ae Dee ek wc ccs 538 307 15,369 15,676 QECANIA HG iste vee ies 14,856 71,330 423,823 495,159 Grand Totals ... 287,426 2,586,819 27,709,706 30,296,531 V. REPORT OF BRITISH COMMITTEE, 1920-1924 of all the principal denominational bodies, and as to about 95 per cent of the estimated total. These have been secured with the valued assistance of Mr. J. T. Rose. They show an approximate total of 51,000 Sunday Schools with 690,000 officers and teachers, and 6,667,000 scholars—in all 7,357,000 persons. It would appear that about one in six or seven of the entire population of Great Britain and Ireland attend Sunday School, either as teacher or scholar. The returns made to the Tokyo Convention, following the War, were incomplete, and it is of more value to compare the present figures with those sent in to the Zurich Convention in 1913, revealing a decrease of less than nine hundred thousand in the aggregate total, that is to say about eleven per cent. The ravages of the war years, affecting both the teaching staff and the scholars’ roll, have not yet been repaired. The decreased number of junior scholars is in part due to the greatly dimin- ished birth rate during the latter part of the War, shown more clearly in the smaller day-school registration. There are ten per cent fewer day-school scholars between five and twelve years of age in England and Wales than before the war. There has been a slight upward movement in the Sunday-School figures of most of the denominations during the last two years, and an improved average weekly attendance. In spite of the prevailing adverse temper in national life there is sustained con- fidence in the movement. Parts of Ireland report gladdening spiritual revival and increase. The shortage of male teachers greatly handicaps work among the older boys. The week-end habit plays havoc with the regular services of some who should be teachers, while the less restricted use of Sunday among all classes, including the popularising of Sunday games, tends to lead the young people away from regular Bible instruction. The Committee feel that the time is ripe for a survey of Sunday- School work in Great Britain and Ireland by a commission representa- tive of the Protestant Churches. There is no national organisation in the sense of their being a repre- sentative body functioning with executive powers in the common inter- est of the whole movement. The British Committee of the World’s Sunday School Association is not a representative body. Half of its membership is now nominated by the National Sunday School Union, and the other half have been drawn together by their love of the cause. But it is recognised that this haphazard constitution is by no means ideal or effective, and steps are being taken to bring into being a body in which Sunday-School organisations and Missionary Societies shall have direct representation. The National Sunday School Union (121 years old) is interdenomina- tional in its constitution and outlook, but it contains no direct repre- 87 GS of all the for Great Britain and Ireland are official in respect 88 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS sentatives of the denominations, the Council being mainly composed of members appointed by local Unions of such Schools as desire codpera- tion. The United Sunday School Board is representative of the chief Sun- day-School Departments, including that of the Church of England. It is consultative rather than executive, and, having no office cr whole-time leader to look after its work, its capacity for leadership is limited. The British Sunday School Lessons Council is representative of the Evangelical Free Churches of England and Wales, with power to codpt members. It has done some excellent pioneer work in the making of Lesson Courses for each grade, and for the Uniform Alternative Courses, but it is limited to that one duty. The Anglican Churches have their own lesson schemes. Scotland has its National Union, and publishes its Lesson Courses. Negotiations are proceeding for widening the basis of representation, and making the Union still more National in its scope and service. The large religious bodies have all developed Sunday-School Depart- . ments, and rejoice in a growing body of specialists set apart for watch- ing and organising the work and interest of the Churches in respect of child life and youth, leading in teacher training, preparing and issuing Sunday-School literature, pictures, equipment, ete. There are two excellent Sunday-School Training Colleges—Westhill, Birmingham, and St. Christopher’s, Blackhealth (Church of England). These also run Extension Courses, and their influence and helpfulness extend far beyond the college walls. The readjustment of administration of World’s Sunday-School work decided upon at Tokyo, threw upon the nucleus of members of the new British Committee there appointed, the onus of establishing a British Auxiliary upon a strong basis. It was a great satisfaction that Dr. W. C. Poole consented to act as Chairman, and Mr. James Cunningham as Treasurer. Additions were steadily made to the Committee. It was soon felt that to secure efficient administration, there must be unifica- tion of effort and appeal between the British Committee and the National Sunday School Union, which had been promoting Sunday-School work on the Continent of Europe and in India before the World’s As- sociation was born. Rivalry and overlapping must be avoided by mutual consent in so great a cause. After careful, even protracted, considera- tion, a scheme of merging was proposed for a trial period of three years, with the hope then of reaching a permanent solution, and was adopted in 1922. A further stage has been reached in the recent de- cision, adapting American precedent, to reconstitute ‘the Committee on a representative basis so that the denominational Sunday-School Depart- ments, the interdenominational Sunday School Unions and the Mission- ary Societies shall give to the direction of this piece of educational evangelism some of their best leaders, and shall secure a far larger financial support. Intercourse with our American colleagues has been of a double char- acter; we have had to ‘‘rejoice with those that rejoice and weep with those.that weep.’’ There has been happy fraternal exchange of visits— we have been delighted to welcome Mr. J. W. Kinnear, Dr. Wm. C. Report oF British COMMITTEE 89 Pearce, Mr. Charles Francis and Dr. W. G. Landes, and to respond to the impulse of their strong, sane enthusiasm. We have reciprocated through the visits of Dr. Poole, Rev. J. W. Butcher, Mr. Newton Jones and Mr. James Kelly, our fraternal greetings to comrades across the Atlantic. INDIA The appended report of Mr. E. A. Annett well describes the principal events of the period: the resignation of Rev. Richard Burges after many years untiring service as secretary; the reconstitution of the Indian Sunday School Union; the acquisition of property at Coonoor for the St. Andrew’s Teacher Training Institute; the appointment of Rev. A. G. Atkins as General Secretary, his salary being undertaken by this Committee. The Committee are most grateful to the Interna- tional Bible Reading Association for their annual generous grant for the salary of Mr. and Mrs. Annett. Ceylon and Burma have hitherto come within the sphere of influence of the India Sunday School Union, but Ceylon has organised its own Union, with Mr. J. Vincent Mendis as General Secretary; and Burma has started a new national organisation with Mr. Paul R. Hackett as Secretary, in both cases with the help of the Committee in New York, funds from his country not being available. Their future relations with the Association await a clear understanding. CONTINENT OF EUROPE The work carried on for over half a century in Europe by the Con- tinental Missions Committee has been continued under the Joint Com- mittee for the past eighteen months. Grants in aid have been given to France, Italy, Norway, Hungary, Latvia and Spain, amounting to about $750 a year. MADAGASCAR AND SouTH AFRICA Help was given to Madagascar by providing two years at Westhill Training College for Ramambasoa, a young Malagasy leader selected for training by the Inter-Missionary Sunday School Union. Since his return he has been carrying on successful work in organising schools, preparing Graded Lesson Courses and other literature, and training Sunday-School teachers in a large province with 800 churches estab- lished by the London, the Friends’ and the Paris Missionary Societies. Desire is now expressed for affiliation with the World’s Association. Encouraging correspondence has been continued with the South Africa Sunday School Association, whose formation several years ago was in part due to home inspiration and help. To the regret of the Commit- tee, it was unable to offer the financial guarantee desired towards the salary of a special worker among and for the coloured and native Sun- day Schools. It is hoped that the delegates from South Africa will inspire such enthusiasm by their statement and appeal as to secure the amount necessary to supplement South African promises, so that a beginning may be speedily made in this fresh department. The Committee recommended that a budget of £5,000 a year be pre- seuted for the work in India and Europe, and for necessary adminis- tration. VI. SURPLUS MATERIAL AND PASS-IT-ON By SAMvueu D. Prics, D.D. ITH very little much good can be accomplished. To do this an activity has been developed by the World’s Sunday School As- sociation which is directed by their Surplus Material Department. The outreach is almost like prayer in its extent: from anyone for any- one. A few pounds of Bible Lesson pictures can be gathered by almost anyone, and these can be forwarded to some missionary at an expense of only one cent for each two ounces. The Department of the World’s Association is merely the connecting link between supply and demand. When you are ready to codperate, a letter of request for information and the address of a missionary is sent to Headquarters, 216 Metro- politan Tower, New York City. You indicate the supplies which you have to send and name your denomination. Then a booklet of instruc- tions and the name and address of a missionary are sent to you. From that time you can come into direct and helpful relationship with your missionary on some field abroad, for the packages are sent to the mis- sion station, and not to the office of the World’s Association. The Department was organised in 1909, when a missionary from Siam declared that ‘‘often the only decoration in a Laos home is a label cut from a match box.’’ The speaker was made the Superintendent of the Department, and more than 47,000 introductions have been placed through him as the missing link in the chain of influence. At the Zurich Convention in 1913 a breakfast conference was held with Rev. Carey Bonner of London, then Joint General Secretary of the World’s Sunday School Association, looking to the establishment of a similar Department in Great Britain, which would do the same kind of work for British missionaries. The suggestion was favorably received, and Mr. Bonner pointed to a lady in another part of the dining room, say- ing, ‘‘I think she will undertake this special work.’’ Very shortly the Pass-It-On Department began its work with Miss Gertrude Edwards, 23 Boyne Park, Tunbridge Wells, England, as the Honorary Superin- tendent. Miss Edwards has developed a wonderfully helpful work and thousands are commending her service of love. The two Superintendents met for the first time at this World’s Con- vention in Glasgow. Between the two offices more than sixty thousand introductions have been placed and at least five thousand different mis- sionaries have been helped through the variety of gifts which have gone forward. There are thousands of requests on file at all times. Everyone is urged to begin this simple method of rendering direct help to the mis- sionaries in carrying forward what can truly be called your work. Every missionary wants the large Bible lesson picture rolls, particu- larly when they contain illustrations on the Life of Christ. The cost 90 SurRPLuS MATERIAL AND PASS-IT-ON 91 of mailing a picture roll is about eighteen cents. Those pictures will be used until they actually fall to pieces in service. The list of requests include such things as illustrated papers in Eng- lish, Peloubet’s Notes, Tarbell’s Guide, kindergarten materials, musical instruments, typewriters, stereopticons, lantern slides, stereoscopic pic- tures, motor cycles, bicycles, automobiles, bells, sewing materials, etc., and anything you could use to advantage if you were where that mis- sionary is. The letters of thanks from the missionaries will stimulate the work in your home field. That correspondence will reveal many other things you can send and often the only cost will be the postage, since you can find what is wanted among the things which you have ceased to use. One of the great delights at the Convention in Glasgow, judging from what took place repeatedly at the gathering in Tokyo in 1920, will be meeting the missionary whom you have been helping during the past years. When in Japan and Korea it was the usual thing to be taken to see the gifts at the mission station which the Superintendent had been instrumental in having sent out from the homeland. One time it was a cabinet organ in Korea, again it was a whole library of Bible lesson pictures in Yokohama. Big things are needed as well as small and a suggestion can be made which will be workable by anyone who is willing to become a partner in service. VII. TREASURERS’ REPORTS 1. WorLD’s SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION PAUL STURTEVANT, Treasurer GENERAL CHECKING ACCOUNT January 1, 1920, to December 31, 1923 Disburse- Receipts ments Cash onthand) J anol lO20%e) oat eee $5,430.02 “Goneral Mund’) 7%. 208s va tas Cte tee eee 242,276.36 Administration (Headquarters) <...72..5. 20... ou)s meee $98,681.12 PALB1eTS ISS Aes vee ce gee a ew ereeieiy stele sokier caine a aia 300.00 ATPONNA et ccc canis a ee siete ed tee a pny aint 14,503.32 Brazil oo ae ec ca ca gee aie wlolet glotiie ans a aa eae cy 21,566.23 Ceyloin rs Maes a Pose etataee ote a eee eee eee ae 2,200.00 Ching Poe Pac cles othe ke aie ties eae nee anne eae a 38,917.85 Czécho-Slovakia <7 <5 .05 ieee eek ae ee ee ee oe ee 1,250.00 Dept. B. of Field Work (Foreign S. 2 ASSIA)”: .<0 sameeren 3,820.04 Emergencies 5 ass «s/s sie a> ale tis nats ee oes conte oo eee 3,053.45 Tndia 2ST Ses o's 2 elves ole wit e ics diate aan pee 800.00 IROROR TE soso crate + howe a ei ele siete a's aie at cleo ty Seen en 5,985.26 Moslem “Dands ) 23.0.5. sa ea ee ela ete 2 e's op ee 22,327.99 Japan, (Educational) 0s... wees ss es elves oe eee 21,890.29 Philippine. Islands oy. esses b> ne en ess 4 ce nie er 12,249.99 Surplus: Material’... 2... c.s = sls a ssc ue 6 ae ae 1,951.98 Training Secretaries “.. .5 6... ssw wes oe oo 634. 62 Nat’l. Sunday School Assn. of Japan ..............%: 1,000.00 Special Funds: POrmaneneeLrusy . soc kate ie ais eel nee 1,765.70 POVANCOS Site aly : ss xtaic dian ieee een eee 525.00 675.00 Armenian Relief Fund) i. 0... s,s sare. cls esis hel ere 35.00 Chitian Mammtine sind... ser ais. eee ers 388.36 388.36 Chung Tuition: and Travel 23 os gical Ss oie 200.00 200.00 Dr paley a Eortrait ) 0.0 4. eee eee 310.00 310.00 HMVAN Gels o's we a's fsx 15,5: ows 6 aie 4 sla yon hx 5 1,143.02 PANANGIAU aI POLO Ca. es ee eee de oe oe ee 286.74 2,291.83 Glasgow ‘Oonyv. Promotion . .. 0.260... .5s0< +s nue eee 1,483.84 Purplus Material Specials, . «cose. ase oe 1,537 .96 1,612.41 Tokyo Convention: Account 2... ......560- 71,334.07 70,053.89 World’s Pilgrims’ Organisation .......... 30.00 THPOTSsc (ON eA NNUICICN 2.0%) ears coer cree Ce 366.92 366.92 ninvested TA NIUIVICS iu e110 es uel «eens 68.37 *Includes $27,750 direct remittances to fields by the donors. 92 TREASURERS’ REPORTS Receipts BEMIS GOAN oo eet ce ck atv ascy ees 2,200.00 eR ee i cee slew keene 3,900.00 93 Disburse- ments 27 . 09 $330,219.50 $330,219.50 Trust FUND May 13, 1922—Dee. 31, 1923 Disburse- Receipts ments ME MAEISUTODG 0 acess cr ese ee ee $3,417.15 $2,183 .32 MM MCIOUVGNUION ... sc ccc cess sc eeueree 5,266.38 1,227 .50 Re sf. ose op mc 8 tp vss 00> 1,805.33 579 .85 Japan Sunday-School Building ............. 6,925.65 1,741.45 ode oa, fs oso 05 bk aie a ou bees 00 252.63 211.80 EIEIO: GG cae eek ac be heed be uae 8 850.00 850.00 Semerer anecking Acct, LOAN... 1.6.6 chieccasactaccencee 2,200.00 RE OG 31 1928 as vee eie's soe bse wc eelee s bale 9,523.22 $18,517.14 $18,517.14 INVESTED FUNDS December 31, 1924 Permanent Trust Fund: Par Value Alabama Power Company First Mortgage Lien & Refunding 6% Gold Bond, due 1951 ...... $3,000.00 Duquesne Light Company First Mortgage & Col- lateral Trust 6% Gold Bond, due 1949 ...... 2,000.00 N. Y., Susquehanna & Western R. R. Co. Ist Mortgage 5% Refunding Bonds, due 1937 ... 3,000.00 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R. General Mortgage 4% Bond, due 1988 .............. 1,000.00 Memphis Power & Light Company 6% Bond, Ro any wa 3.5.5 a /O etk als lao ou ale Oma. 1,000.00 Herbert J. Callister Mortgages ............., 5,000.00 —————. $15,000.00 Annuities: L. M. Nind: Dutch East Indies 6%, due 1962.. $500.00 Bessie L. Barnes: Louisville & Nashville R. R. MC OUGE LOS0 on 2. ads awe Mell de se cess 1,000.00 EK. B. Bach: U.S. Govt. 4th Liberty Loan, 414% 100.00 1,600.00 $16,600.00 Heestieinz Bequest, not yet received ........ccceessseces $100,000.00 James W. Kinnear Bequest, not yet received .............. 50,000. 00 94 SUNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS 2. British COMMITTEE JAMES CUNNINGHAM, J.P., Treasurer N submitting this statement it is necessary to explain that the British Committee was reconstituted in 1921 in accordance with the resolu- tions passed by the Executive of the World’s Association at Tokyo in 1920, and so we have only the last three years’ accounts to present. Under that agreement the British Committee retained control of the work in India and undertook responsibility for financing it. Our receipts show an increase year by year, but in no way represent what we aim at or think we might reasonably expect from the British Isles. Our Sunday Schools have not. yet been touched to the extent desired. Is it too much to look for one penny per head annually from the eight million Sunday-School teachers and scholars in Great Britain? I do not think so. That would give us £3,333. With that amount as- sured I feel no doubt but that we could raise the balance of £1,700 to complete the £5,000 per annum which we presently aim at. I designedly say presently for, having once secured that, we would immediately ex- tend our work and look for more. It is often remarked that very few people seem to remember Sun- day-School work when making out their last Wills and Testaments. A pleasant exception took place recently when an old lady died and left us £100. I don’t suggest that you should all go and do likewise, but do the first part now, and we will not ask you to hurry on the final act. In 1922 an arrangement was come to with the National Sunday School Union, London, whereby the foreign work of that Union would be ear- ried on in codperation with the World’s Sunday School Association. It is also arranged that, for a three years’ trial of this combination, separate accounts should be kept of money contributed in support of Europe. We therefore, for 1923, have submitted a separate statement of moneys received and expended for that purpose. To this audience we are not here to plead the cause of any particular mission field. We ask that all should be considered—but we recall that the British Committee is specially concerned with the work in India and on the Continent of Europe, and for these fields we ask your con- tinued and increased support. Income 1921; ~ Balance” from’ 19209 7.27. vcre eee £623 19 9 SUDESTINULONS 44 oi saws weno a ae ea ~ 1,080 10 2 BODE ee UDECTIPUIONA oo ny sss viocisa sees C cietere eee 1,526 17 2 1923. Subseriptions > 5; 2,26. ee eee. 1,780 18 3 —————— £5,012 5 4 Expenditure Ln dis Os ct. ease AF Gitte sok ee ee nee £4,232 17 7 MBGRGA BOAT ni ic Sy sates slese eae a iere «sels pio 83 8 10 ARORWs etn tatet: cls iiss pu x ke GoD nein be ess a 27 7 6 CU BSR er te ery hate ate ws 0 2 & Biot is Ri 38 18 4 PassditcOn, Department: j2....,..: o Bae | WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 18 Opening Convention Session. Welcome Meeting. St. George’s and St. Peter’s U. F. Church, Elderslie Street. Chairman—Rev. W. C. Poole, Ph.D., London. :00 Praise, Psalm 100, No. 1. :05 Scripture Reading and Prayer, Rev. R. Hill Thornton, M.A., Glasgow. :15 Chairman’s Address. :30 Choir, ‘‘Thy Word Is a Lamp.’’ : 35 . Address, Mr. James Cunningham, J.P., Glasgow. : 50 Choir—Two Prayers, (a) ‘‘The Knight’s Prayer,’’ (b) ‘‘Fa- ther of All.’’ 141 ANNAN AN 142 €© CO 00 C0 COM 55 10 25 : 30 35 Aantal : 00 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS Address, Sir George Croydon Marks, M.P., C.B.E., London. Response, Rev. H. C. Priest, Toronto. Praise, Hymn No. 51. Announcements. Address, ‘‘The Uplifted Christ,’’ Rev. Archibald Chisholm, M.A., D.Litt., Langside Hill U. F. Church, Glasgow. Praise, Hymn No. 62. Benediction. The Young Teachers’ Choir of the Scottish National 8. S. Union led the praise. THURSDAY MoRNING, JUNE 19 St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—The Right Rev. A. S. Inch, D.D., Moderator of the General 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 11+ 11: 11 12; 12: 12: 00 05 15 30 55 00 30 : 55 00 25 30 Assembly of the United Free Church of Scotland. Praise, Psalm 23, No. 2. Scripture Reading and Prayer, Rev. Robert MacGowan, D.D., Pittsburgh. Convention Business, Rev. W. C. Poole, Ph.D., London. Address, ‘‘Christian Education, the Hope of Civilization,’’ Rev. Robert M. Hopkins, St. Louis. Praise, Hymn No. 29. Glimpses of Our World Field—Burma, Rev. R. Halliday; Ceylon, Mr. J. Vincent Mendis; India, Rev. V. P. Mamman, B.A. Address, ‘‘The Place of Christian Education in World Evan- gelism,’’ Rev. W. C. Poole, Ph.D., London. Praise, Hymn No. 57. Devotional Address, The Very Rev. Principal D. S. Cairns, D.D., Aberdeen. Praise, Hymn No. 55. Benediction. THURSDAY EVENING, JUNE 19 The Fine Art Galleries, Kelvingrove Park. 7:30 Civie Reception, By the Right Hon. the Lord Provost and the Corporation of Glasgow. Addresses of Welcome were delivered by The Right Hon. the Lord Provost, in the name of the City; Rev. John White, D.D., Barony Parish Church, in the name of the Churches; Principal Sir Donald Macalister, Bart., LL.D., D.C.L., The University of Glasgow, in the name of Education. Replies by Rev. Prof. Cleland, B. McAfee, Ph.D., Li.D., Chicago, Illinois; Colonel John A. Roxburgh, V.D., D.L., J.P., Chair- man of the Convention Council; Mr. Kiyoshi Koidzumi, Japan. 10: 10: a: 10: Lae 10; 10: 1g 1G 10: Il: ie i: 12: 12: 12: 00 05 15 30 35 40 45 50 55 00 40 00 05 25 30 THe PROGRAMME BY Days 148 FripAY MorNING, JUNE 20 St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—Reyv. Robert M. Hopkins, St. Louis. Praise, Hymn No. 19. Scripture Reading and Prayer, Rev. Horton H. Williams, Aus- tralia. Convention Business: (a) General Secretary’s Report, W. G. Landes, C.E.D., New York. (b) Treasurer’s Report, Mr. Paul Sturtevant, New York. (ec) British Committee—Hon. Secretary’s Report, Mr. Arthur Black, London. (d) British Committee—Hon. Treasurer’s Report, Mr. James Cunningham, J.P., Glasgow. (e) Surplus Material and ‘‘ Pass-it-on’’ Department, Rev. Sam- uel D. Price, D.D., New York. (f) Other Convention Business. Praise, Hymn No. 68. Glimpses of Our World Field—China, Rev. E, G. Tewksbury; Japan, Rev. Shoichi Imamura; Korea, Rev. H. Namkung; Philippines, Rev. A. L. Ryan. Address, ‘‘The Sunday School and Systematic Bible Study,’’ Rev. W. Y. Fullerton, London. Praise, Hymn No. 58. Devotional Address, The Very Rev. Principal D, S. Cairns, D.D., Aberdeen. Praise, Hymn No. 55. Benediction. Fripay Evrenine, JUNE 20 St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—The Very Rev. Professor George Milligan, D.D., D.C.L., The NANANAIANA "> 2 Q0 90 : 00 ° 30 ° 35 : 40 : 50 : 25 : 30 50 : 00 University, Glasgow. Service of Praise, Rendered by the Junior Choir of 200 Voices. Praise, Paraphrase No, 2 (No. 13). Prayer, Rev. J. Williams Butcher, Liverpool. Chairman’s Address. Glimpses of Our World Field—1. Algeria, Miss I. Lilias Trotter; 2. Egypt, Sheik Metry S. Dewairy; 3. Syria, Mr. George Ashkar; 4. South Africa, Dr. Charles Anderscn, J. P. Praise, Hymn No. 35. Address, ‘‘ The New World Situation,’’ Mr. Basil Mathews, M.A., London. Praise, Hymn No. 34. Benediction. 144 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS SaTuRDAY MoRNING, JUNE 21 St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—The Right Hon. Lord Polwarth, C.B.E., V.D., D.L., Chairman of the Scottish National Council of Juvenile Organisations, 10:00 Praise, Hymn No. 20. 10: 05 Scripture Reading and Prayer, Rev. Canon W. J. Howell, M.A., Gourock. 10:15 Chairman’s Address. Address, ‘‘The Training of Youth for Service.’’ 10:25 1. The Boys’ Brigade, The Very Rev. Sir George Adam Smith, D.D., LL.D., Aberdeen. 10:40 2. The Girls’ Guildry, The Hon. Mrs, MacGilchrist, Aberdeen. 10:50 3. The Boy Scouts, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Robert Baden Powell, Bt., K.C.B., G.C.V.O., London. 11:05 4. The Girl Guides, Mrs. Houison Craufurd, Dunlop. 11:15 5. The Boys’ Life Brigade, Mr. D. L. Finnemore, Birmingham. 11:25 6. The Girls’ Life Brigade, Rev. Carey Bonner, London. 11:35 7. Outdocr Recreation, Mr. Stuart S. Mallinson, D.S.O., M.C., London. : 11:55 Praise, Hymn No. 59. 12:00 Devotional Address, The Very Rev. Principal D. S. Cairns, D.D., Aberdeen. 12:25 Praise, Hymn No. 60. 12:30 Benediction. SATURDAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 21 St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—Sir A. Steven Bilsland, Bart., M.C. 2:30 Concert—Glasgow Orpheus Choir—Conductor, Mr. Hugh S. Roberton. The Glasgow Orpheus Choir, under the leadership of Mr. Hugh S. Roberton, has gained fame far beyond the confines of these shores as a eoncert-giving Choir of the first rank. A special feature is made of Scottish and other folk-songs, and their repertoire includes examples of the Madrigalian period, and of modern composers. An annotated programme and book of words was presented to the audience. This, and the services of the Choir, were given gratuitously out of compliment to the Convention. SATURDAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 21 The University Grounds. 4:30 to 5:30 Open-air Demonstration and Parade of the following organisations, under the Command of Mr. W. D. Scott, D.S.0O., M.C.: The Boys’ Brigade, The Girl Guides, The Boys’ Life Brigade, The Girls’ Guildry, The Girls’ Life Brigade. THe PROGRAMME BY Days 145 Between 4,000 and 5,000 Young People took part. Following upon the display, the parade marched past the Lord Lieu- tenant of the city of Glasgow and the delegates. SATURDAY EVENING, JUNE 21 St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—Colonel John A. Roxburgh, V.D., D.L., J.P., Glasgow. 7:30 Chorus, ‘‘O Father whose Almighty Power,’’ Judas Maccabeus (Handel); ‘‘We never will bow down,’’ Judas Maccabeus (Handel); ‘‘Sing unto God,’’ Judas Maccabeus (Handel). :00 Praise, Hymn No. 36. Prayer, Rev. John MacGilchrist, D.D., Aberdeen. 10 Chairman’s Address. 20 Address, ‘‘The Sunday School and World Prohibition,’’ Rev. F. H. Otto Melle, Frankfort-on-Main, Germany. Praise, Hymn No. 42. :45 Address, ‘‘The Sunday School and National Righteousness,’’ Sir George Croydon Marks, M.P., C.B.E., London. 9:10 Praise, Hymn No. 49. 9:15 Benediction. QO 0 CO © So oO CO CO ie [an) SunDAY MoRNING, JUNE 22 11: 00 Special services will be held in the churches. Pulpits will be occupied by visiting preachers and speakers. See Glasgow Herald and the Evening Press for details and announce- ments. SunDAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 22 3:00 Convention Service. St. Andrew’s Hall. Preacher—The Right Rev. Hensley Henson, D.D., Bishop of Durham. Assisted by The Rev. Andrew Ritchie, M.A., Ex-President of the Scottish Congregational Union. Principal Sir Donald Macalister, Bart., LL.D., D.C.L., The University, Glasgow. Praise, Psalm No. 24. Second version (No. 3). Tune—St. George’s Edinburgh. Prayer. Praise, ‘‘Te Deum’’ (Jackson), Hymn No, 72. Scripture Reading, 1 Samuel ili, v. 1-9. Following upon a brief statement by W. G. Landes, C.E.D., the dele- gates registered an Act of Remembrance for the following members of the Executive of the World’s Sunday School Association who have passed away since the last Convention: Frank L. Brown, LL.D.; Wil- liam Decker, W. J. Frank, Lord Kinnaird, Sir John Kirk, James W. Kinnear, Marion Lawrance, LL.D., Herr J. G. Lehmann, W. H. Stock- 10 146 SunpAY ScHooL AND HEALiIna of NATIONS ham, the Hon. John Wanamaker, George W. Watts, F. A. Wells, the Rev. Henry C. Woodruff, and Dr. Frank Woodbury. Praise, Hymn No. 33. Prayer. Scripture Reading, Matthew vii. v. 13-28. Praise, Hymn No. 73. Sermon, Prayer. Praise, Hymn No. 65. Benediction. Monpbay Mornin@, JUNE 23 St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—The Right Hon. Thomas R. Ferens, P.C., Hull. 10: 00 Praise, Psalm No. 121 (No. 6). 10:05 Scripture Reading and Prayer, Rev. James I. Vance, D.D., Nash- ville, Tennessee. 10:15 Chairman’s Address, ‘‘The Youth of the World at Our Doors.’’ 10:25 Address, ‘‘Christian Education—A World Task,’’ W. C. Pearce, L.H.D., New York. 10:45 Praise, Hymn No. 49. 10:50 ‘‘The Next Quadrennium—Its Claims,’’ Dr, W. G. Landes and Mr. James Kelly. 11:55 Praise, Hymn No. 7. 12:00 Benediction. Monpay AFTERNOON AND EVENING, JUNE 23 Official Convention Excursion, by Special Trains, leaving Central Sta- tion, Glasgow, at 1:30 P.M., for Gourock, thence by four Special Steamers, sailing down the Firth of Clyde and through the Kyles of Bute. TUESDAY MORNING, JUNE 24 Hengler’s Circus, Chairman—Mr. Herbert Dearsley, Auckland, New Zealand. 10:00 Praise, Psalm No. 103, v. 1-5 (No. 12). 10:05 Scripture Reading and Prayer, Rev. Professor Robert Morton, D.D., Glasgow. 10:15 Chairman’s Address. 10: 25 Convention Business. 10:30 Address, ‘‘The Sunday School and the Reformation in Eastern - Europe,’’ Rev. Josef Soucek, D.D., Prague. 10:50 Praise, Hymn No. 40. 10: 55 Glimpses of Our World Field—Australia, Rev. Horton H. Wil- liams; Austria, Mr. H. Bargmann; Hungary, Mr. John Vic- tor; New Zealand, Rev. L. B. Busfield. 11:30 Address, ‘‘The Sunday School’s Relation to the Home,’’ Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D., LL.D., Chicago. 11:55 Praise, Hymn No. 69, THE PROGRAMME BY Days 147 12:00 Devotional Address, Very Rev. Adam Philips, D.D., Invergowrie, Ex-Moderator of the General Assembly of the United Free Church of Scotland. 12:25 Praise, Hymn No. 66. 12:30 Benediction. TUESDAY EVENING, JUNE 24 St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—The Most Hon. the Marquis of Aberdeen and Temair, K.T. 7:00 Chorus, ‘‘Blessed are the Men,’’ Elijah (Mendelssohn); ‘‘ Be not afraid,’’ Elijah (Mendelssohn); ‘‘He that shall endure to the end,’’ Elijah (Mendelssohn). :25 Praise, Hymn No. 11. :30 Prayer, Rev. Josef Soucek, D.D., Prague. :35 Chairman’s Address, :45 Address, ‘‘The Sunday School and World Peace,’’ The Right Hon. Viscount Cecil of Chelwood. :25 Praise, Hymn No. 52. :30 Address, ‘‘The Christian Churches and World Peace,’’ The Very Rev. E. A. Burroughs, D.D., Dean of Bristol. :55 Praise, Hymn No. 51. : 00 Benediction. NNAN ©) 00 Qo 00 WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE 25 St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—The Lady Frances Balfour, LL.D. 10:00 Praise, Psalm No. 96, v. 1-7 (No. 8). 10: 05 Scripture Reading and Prayer, Rev. Charles P. Wiles, D.D., Philadelphia. 10:15 Convention Business. 10:25 Chairman’s Address. 10:35 Address, ‘‘ Training for Future Leadership’’—1. Great Britain, Miss Emily Huntley; 2. North America, Rev. C. A. Myers, M.A.; 3. The Orient, Mr, E. A. Annett, 11:15 Report of Young People’s Division Findings Committee, Rev. W. E. Raffety, Ph.D., D.D., Chicago. 11:20 Praise, Hymn No. 39. 11:25 Glimpses of Our World Field—France, Pastor Jean Laroche; Spain, Don Frederico Larranaga; Portugal, Mr. Herbert W. Cassels; Holland, Rev. G, P. Marang, D.D. Praise, Hymn No. 70. 12: 00 Devotional Address, Very Rev. Adam Philips, D.D., Invergowrie, Ex-Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Wales. 12:25 Praise, Hymn No. 74. 12:30 Benediction. 148 00 00) 6 NY NANAA oO pat hs aE, : 40 : 59 9: 00 SunNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 25 St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—Mr. James Cunningham, J.P., Glasgow. Chorus, ‘‘The Heav’ns are telling,’’ Haydn; ‘*‘He watching over Israel,’’? Mendelssohn; ‘‘How lovely are the Messen- gers,’’ Mendelssohn. Praise, Psalm No. 98 (No. 9). Prayer, Rev. J. M.’Neil Frazer, B.D. Chairman’s Address. Report of Children’s Division Findings Committee, Mrs. Maud Junkin Baldwin, Malden, Massachusetts. Glimpses of Our World Field—Denmark, Rev. Enrique With, D.D.; Germany, Rev. R. Kuecklich; Norway, Right Rev. Bishop Johan Lunde; Sweden, Rev. K. A. Jansson, D.D. Address, ‘‘ Winning the World Through Childhood,’’ Rev. D. W. Kurtz, D.D., Kansas. Praise, Hymn No. 31. Address, ‘‘The Sunday School and the World Call,’’ Rev. James I. Vance, D.D., Nashville, Tennessee. Praise, Hymn No. 30. Benediction. THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 26 St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—The Right Rev. E. T. S. Reid, D.D., Bishop of Glasgow and 10: 10: 10: 10: 20% 10: jw 11: 12: 12: 12: 00 05 15 30 50 55 35 55 00 25 30 Galloway. Praise, Psalm 68, v. 18-20 (No. 5). Scripture Reading and Prayer, Rev. T. H. Sheriff, India. Convention Business—Report of Adult Division Findings Com- mittee, Rev. E. W, Halpenny, Charleston, W. Va. Address, ‘‘ Educating in Christian Stewardship,’’ Rev. Theodore Mayer, St. Louis. Praise, Hymn No. 28. Glimpses of Our World Field—Argentina, Rev. Otto Liebner; Brazil, Rev. Herbert S. Harris; Italy, Professor E. Filippini; Finland, Rev. Fritz Larson. Address, ‘‘Reverence for the Lord’s Day,’’ Rev. L. B. Busfield, New Zealand. Praise, Hymn No. 38. Devotional Address, Very Rev. Adam Philips, D.D., Invergowrie, Ex-Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Wales. Praise, Hymn No. 27. Benediction. : 30 235 : 40 : 00 oo 9 bo bo DO : 20 : 40 : 05 > 25 » 30 PP P woo : 30 = 35 : 40 : 50 : 00 : 05 eed : 30 : 45 : 50 : 00 © Go 00 QO 00 ConNnnnana Tur PROGRAMME BY Days 149 THURSDAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 26 St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—Rev. Carey Bonner, London. Theme—The Educational Content of Lesson Courses, Praise, Hymn No. 45. Prayer, Rev. John T. Faris, D.D., Philadelphia. Convention Business: Election of New Officers. Address, ‘‘Recent Experiences in Lesson-Making in Great Britain,’’ Rev. Principal A. E. Garvie, M.A., D.D., London. Address, ‘‘Recent Experiences in Lesson-Making in North America,’’ Professor Luther A. Weigle, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Praise, Hymn No. 29. Address, ‘‘The Problem of Lessons on the Foreign Field,’’ Pro- fessor Erasmo Braga, Brazil. Address, ‘‘Meeting the Problem of Lessons on the Mission Field,’’ Mr. EB. A. Annett, India. Praise, Hymn No. 55. Benediction. THURSDAY EVENING, JUNE 26 | Closing Convention Session—St. Andrew’s Hall. Chairman—The Lady Frances Kinnaird. Chorus, ‘‘Surely He hath borne our griefs,’’ The Messiah (Handel); ‘‘And with His stripes we are healed,’’ The Mes- siah (Handel); ‘‘ All we like sheep,’’? The Messiah (Handel) ; ‘¢Worthy is the Lamb,’’ The Messiah (Handel). Praise, Paraphrase No. 2 (No. 13). Prayer, Rev..J. A. C. Murray, B.D. Chairman’s Address. Convention Business. Praise, Hymn No. 75. Address, ‘‘The All-Sufficient Christ,’’ Rev. Floyd W. Tomkins, LL.D., Philadelphia. Praise, Hymn No. 71. Address and Dedication Service, ‘‘The Lordship of Christ,’’ Rev. F. B. Meyer, D.D., London. Prayer. ‘* Hallelujah Chorus.’’ Benediction. WORKERS’ CONFERENCES Simultaneous Departmental Conferences were held on three afternoons. The crowded conference for Children’s Division Workers was conducted by Mrs. Maud Junkin Baldwin, of Malden, Massachusetts. Rev. W. E. Raffety, Ph.D., D.D., of Chicago, was in charge of the Young People’s Division Conference, which drew so many of the delegates that all could 150 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS not be accommodated. Rev. E. W. Halpenny of Charleston, West Vir- ginia, directed the Conference on the Work of the Adult Division. Mr. George W. Penniman of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was the leader of the Administrative Division Conference. On Friday afternoon the Children’s Division Conference divided into two groups. Rev. Arthur Hallack, M.A., of London, was Chairman of the Primary Department Conference on this occasion, while Rev. E. W. Sara, M.A., of London, was Chairman of the Junior Department Con- ference. Rev. Hugh Elder, M.A., of Edinburgh, was Chairman of Friday after- noon’s Young People’s Conference. Mr. J. N. Haymaker, of Kansas, presided at the Adult Division Conference at the same time, and Rev. H. C. Priest, of Toronto, guided the Administrative Division. Mrs. Mary 8S. Dickie, of Louisville, Kentucky, was Chairman of the Children’s Division Conference on Tuesday afternoon. Rev. A. J. G. Seaton, M.A., of London, was Chairman of the Young People’s Con- ference; Mr. Frank E. Parkhurst, of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, was Chairman of the Administrative Division Conference. An Intermediate Department Conference held on Tuesday afternoon, had Rev. A. 8S. Kydd, M.A., of Edinburgh, for its Chairman. THURSDAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 19 Departmental Conferences. Four Simultaneous Sessions. I. Children’s Division. St. Andrew’s (Berkeley) Hall. Chairman-—Mrs. Maud Junkin Baldwin, Malden, Massachusetts. : 30 Praise, Hymn No. 21. :35 Prayer, Rev. P. N. Buchan, Ayr. :40 Appointment of a Findings Committee. :45 Address, ‘‘Childhood: The World’s Hope and Opportunity.’’ For Asia, Mrs. E. A. Annett; for Africa, Miss Nellie A. Reed; for Australia, Miss Matilda H. Goyen; for North America, Mrs. Mary Foster Bryner; for South America, Rev. Herbert S. Harris. : 30 Address, ‘‘Christian Education for the World’s Children,’’ Miss Harriet Edna Beard, Boston. :50 Praise, Hymn No. 52. :55 Address, ‘‘Training for Teachers and Parents,’’?’ Rev. C. W. Screech, Secretary for the English Baptist 8. S. Union, Wales. :25 Praise, Hymn No. 24. : 30 Benediction. bo bo bo to PP O09 09 II. Young People’s Division. St. George’s and St. Peter’s U. F. Church, Elderslie Street. Chairman—Rev. W. E. Raffety, Ph.D., D.D., Chicago. Theme—‘‘ Knowing the World’s Young People’’ 2:30 Praise, Hymn No. 23. 2:35 Prayer, Rev. Samuel G. Neil, D.D., Philadelphia. ee BP 8 CW OO i bo bo bo dS eo oCo wo nr ow bo DO wo Lo : 40 ae: 83 : 00 215 : 25 : 40 : 55 : 05 20 : 30 : 30 © 35 : 40 : 5d #10 2 25 : a0 : 30 es $5) : 40 : 45 > 25 : 40 e655 THe PROGRAMME By Days 151 Appointment of a Findings Committee. Address, ‘‘The Physical Life of Young People,’’ Mr. Philip E. Howard, Philadelphia. Address, ‘‘The Emotional Life of Young People,’’ Mr. George Hamilton Archibald, Birmingham. Praise, Hymn No. 47. Prayer for Young People in the Homes of the World. Address, ‘‘The Social Life of Young People,’’ Mr. A. E. Clark- son, Adelaide. Address, ‘‘The Religious Life of Young People,’’ Rev. Horton H. Williams, Melbourne. Praise, Hymn No. 37. Prayer for Young People in the Churches of Every Land. Address, ‘‘The World’s Youth: a Challenge to the World,’’ Rev. Cleland B. MacAfee, D.D., Chicago. Praise, Hymn No. 55. Benediction. III. Adult Division. Kent Road U. F. Church. Chairman—Rev. E. W. Halpenny, Charleston, W. Va. Praise, Hymn No. 29. Prayer, Rev. John Kyle, B.A., Belfast. Appointment of a Findings Committee. Address, ‘‘The Adult School Movement in Great Britain,’’ Mr. F. J. Gillman, York, England. Address, ‘‘Sunday-School Work Amongst Adults,’’ in (a) Europe Rev. A. Novotny; (b) Asia, Rev. A. L. Ryan; (ce) Africa, Sheik Metry 8. Dewairy; (d) America, Rev. Charles W. Brewbaker, Ph.D. Praise, Hymn No. 24. Benediction. IV. Administrative Division Conference. St. Matthew’s U. F. Church, Bath Street. Chairman—Rev. A. J. G. Seaton, London, England. Praise, Hymn No. 37. Prayer, Rev. J. T. Allan, M.A., Dumbarton. Appointment of a Findings Committee. Address, ‘‘ Training Schools: How Conducted,’’ in Japan, Mr. Horace E. Coleman; in the Philippines, Rev. A. L. Ryan; in Korea, Rev. H. Namkung. Address, ‘‘The Training Class in the Local School,’’ Rev. C, A. Oliver, York, Pennsylvania. Address, ‘‘The Community Training Class,’? Mr. A. T. Arnold, Columbus, Ohio. Conference, conducted by Rev. W. G. Boomhower, Cobleskill, New York. 152 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS PPO DO do He He He CO ho bo bo oo os Qo GD bo to fo bo :25 Praise, Hymn No. 24. : 30 Benediction. FriIpAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 20 Departmental Conferences. Five Simultaneous Sessions. I. Primary Department Conference. St. Andrew’s (Berkeley) Hall. Chairman—Rey. Arthur Hallack, M.A., London. :30 Praise, Psalm No. 23 (No. 2). Prayer. :45 Address, ‘‘Nurturing the Child,’’ Miss Emily Huntley, Sunder-’ land. :05 Primary Service, Miss Jessy S. Calderwood. : 00 Discussion led by Miss M. B. Brechin, J.P. : 25 Praise, Hymn No. 55. : 30 Benediction. II. Junior Department Conference. Blythswood U. F. Church Hall (Large), Bath Street. Chairman—Rev. E. W. Sara, M.A., London. :30 Praise, Psalm No. 23 (No. 2). :40 Prayer. :45 Address, ‘‘Training in Worship,’’ Rev. George S. Stewart, M.A., Edinburgh. :05 Junior Service, Miss M. H. Cunningham, M.A. :00 Discussion led by Miss M. J. Chalmers, M.A. :25 Praise, Hymn No. 55. :30 Benediction. III. Young People’s Division Conference. St. George’s and St. Peter’s U. F. Church, Elderslie Street. Chairman—Rev. Hugh Elder, M.A., Edinburgh. Theme—Teaching the World’s Young People (ages 12-23). :30 Praise, Psalm No. 23 (No. 2). :35 Prayer, Rev. Samuel G. Neil, D.D., Philadelphia. :40 Address, ‘‘What Is Teaching?’’ Professor L. A. Weigle, New Haven, Conn. :55 Address, ‘‘Who Should Teach Young People?’’ Rev. K. O. Kornelius, Christiania. : 10 Praise, Hymn No. 31. Prayer. : 15 Address, Best Bible Courses for Boys and Girls (ages 12-17), Rev. E. G. Tewksbury, China. : 30 Address, Best Bible Courses for Young Men and Women (ages 18-25), Rev. Manson Doyle, B.A., Canada. :45 Address, Best Methods of Teaching Young People. An open Conference conducted by the Rev. W. E. Raffety, D.D., Phila- delphia. 4: 30 a : 25 a : 25 Tur PROGRAMME By Days 153 Praise, Hymn No. 44. Prayer for the Makers of Lesson Courses. Address, ‘‘The World’s Christ—The Teacher of All Teachers,’’ Rev. Carey Bonner, London. Praise, Hymn No. 55. Benediction. IV. Adult Division Conference. Kent Road U. F. Church. Chairman—Mr. J. N. Haymaker, Kansas. Praise, Psalm No. 23 (No. 2). Prayer. Address, ‘‘Principles and Aims of Work With Adults,’’ Rev. Charles P. Wiles, D.D., Philadelphia. Organised for Service—(a) In the Church, Mr. D. W. Sims; (b) In the Community, Rev. Moses Breeze, D.D.; (c) In the World, W. C. Pearce, L.H.D. Discussion. Praise, Hymn No. 55. Benediction. V. Administrative Division Conference. St. Matthew’s U. F. Church, Bath Street. Chairman—Rev. H. C. Priest, Toronto. Praise, Psalm No. 23 (No. 2). Prayer, Rev. L. B. Busfield, Auckland, New Zealand. Address, ‘‘Schools for the Unreached: How Organised and Con- ducted.’’ Discussion opened by Rev. George H. Scherer, Syria. Address, ‘‘ The Workers’ Conference,’’ Rev. W. A. Logan, Pitts- burgh. Address, ‘‘Sunday-School Administration’’—in Scandinavia, Rev. J. A. Ohrn; in France, Pastor Jean Laroche; in French Switzerland, Rev. Henri Mottu; in German Switzerland, Pro- fessor Arnold J. Ruegg. Discussion. Praise, Hymn No. 55. Benediction. 2: 30. Algerian Mission Band Conference. Kent Road U. F. Church Hall. Chairman-—Mrs. J. A. Walker. Speakers—Mrs. Ada S. Sherwood, America; Miss I. Lilias Trotter, Algeria; Miss E. K. M. Ridley, Algeria; Miss Millicent H. Roche, Algeria. 154 SUNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS co Ow aww bo bo bo He eo Go & bo bo bo Pe Ee BP ! TUESDAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 24 Departmental Conferences. Five Simultaneous Sessions. I. Children’s Division. St. Andrew’s (Berkeley) Hall. Chairman—Mrs. Mary S. Dickie, Louisville. :30 Praise, Hymn No. 22. :35 Prayer, Miss Susie Juden, New Orleans. 5; : 40 Address, ‘‘Movement for Week-Day and Vacation Schools,’’ Miss Meme Brockway, Philadelphia. : 05 Diseussion. :15 Address, ‘‘The Recreation! of the World’s Children,’’ Mrs. Horace E. Coleman, Tokyo. :40 Discussion. :50 Address: ‘‘Children’s Week: A Movement for Creating Public Sentiment in Favour of Religious Education of the World’s Children,’’ Mrs. H. R. Shaw, Denver. : 10 Discussion. :25 Praise, Hymn No. 55. : 30 Benediction. II. Young People’s Division. St. George’s and St. Peter’s U. F. Church, Elderslie Street. Chairman—Rev. A. J. G. Seaton, M.A., London. Theme—Working with the World’s Young People. : 30 Praise, Hymn No. 39. : 35 Prayer, Rev. Samuel G. Neil, D.D., Philadelphia. :40 Meeting the Needs of Youth the World Around. Discussion opened by Rey. Herbert S. Harris, Brazil. :05 Praise, Hymn No. 64. :10 Prayer. :15 Organising Young People—l. Young People Organised for ‘*Group Efficiency,’’ Mr. Hermon Eldredge, Dayton, O.; 2. Young People Organised for ‘‘Community Service,’’ Mr. Horace E. Coleman, Tokyo. :45 Address, ‘‘The Fourfold Life—Programme of Leadership Train- ing,’’ Rev. P. C. Jones, Cleveland. : 05 Praise, Hymn No. 34. Prayer. : 10 Address, ‘‘Loyalty to Christ—The World’s Great Leader,’’ Rev. W. E. Jordan, Philadelphia. :25 Praise, Hymn No. 55. : 30 Benediction. III. Adult Division Conference. Kent Road U. F. Church. Chairman—Rev. E. W. Halpenny, Charleston, W. Va. :30 Praise, Hymn No. 39. Prayer, Rev. R. M. Knox, Edinburgh. H Co Co 09 bo mime © ow pn 109 Tue PROGRAMME BY Days 155 :45 Address, ‘‘Adult Responsibility,’’?’ Mr. John L. Paton, M.A., Manchester Grammar School. :10 Report of Findings Committee. : 20 Open Discussion. :55 Praise, Hymn No. 55. : 00 Benediction. IV. Administrative Division Conference. St. Matthew’s U. F. Church, Bath Street. Chairman—Mr, Frank E. Parkhurst, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. :30 Praise, Hymn No. 46. Prayer, Rev. L. Glenn Lewis, Ph.D., Chicago. :45 Address, ‘‘The Daily Vacation Bible School,’’ Mr. Hugh R. Monro, New York. :05 Address, ‘‘The Week-Day Period of Christian Education,’’ Rev. neie Meyer, D.D., New York. :30 Address, ‘‘The Mission Study Class,’’ Mrs. Lucy Wilson, Toledo, Ohio. :50 Open Conference. :25 Praise, Hymn No. 55. :30 Benediction. V. Intermediate Department Conference. Blythswood U. F. Church Hall, Bath Street. Chairman—Rev. A. S. Kydd, M.A., Edinburgh. :30 Praise, Hymn No. 73. Prayer. :45 Address, ‘‘Early Adolescence,’’?’ Rev. W. Hume Campbell, M.A., London. :05 Address, ‘‘ Adolescent Missionary Education,’’ Miss Kathleen Denham, London. :25 Praise, Hymn No. 35. :30 Intermediate Service, Mr. Ernest H. Hayes, London. :25 Praise, Hymn No. 55. :30 Benediction. 7 On ae Te oP a) my On ae . TS sly oy be, ‘ Tae my oe - THE SUNDAY SCHOOL AND THE HEALING OF THE NATIONS PART IV THE CONVENTION ADDRESSES a to - THE OPENING ADDRESS OF THE CONVENTION THE UPLIFTED CHRIST By Rev. P. D. THompson, M.A., D.D., GLASGOW Who is able to speak with sufficiency on a subject so moving and august? And yet no subject is so appropriate, and even so inevitable, with which to inaugurate the proceedings of a great Christian Conven- tion such as this. It is fitting that it should be set thus in the very forefront, to indicate at once the auspices under which the Convention is met, the faith in which it seeks to address itself to one of the great- est Christian tasks of our time, and the power by which it confidently believes that this and every other task for the Kingdom of God which confronts our generation can be triumphantly accomplished. A Con- vention which meets under the sign of ‘‘The Uplifted Christ,’’ and which carries through its labours in the faith and in the spirit which that Divine uplifting inspires, is justified in claiming as its own the vision of the Roman Emperor and the promise with which it was accompanied: ‘In this sign thou shalt prevail.’’ The most immediate and impressive testimony which can be cited at the moment to the power of ‘‘The Uplifted Christ’’ is to be found in this great gathering itself. Here is the most recent fulfilment of His own words, ‘‘I, if I be lifted up, will draw all men unto me.’’ From the ends of the earth and from almost every nation under heaven men and women have come in their thousands, moved by the same divine impulse, drawn by the same divine attraction, intent on the same divine purpose. It is not alone their common devotion to children that has drawn them hither, nor their common desire to impart to the children of all lands the knowledge and love of Jesus, deep though that devotion is and dominant that holy desire. There had been no such devotion in their hearts, and no such desire had brought them over land and sea to take counsel together, even for the children’s sake, had they not first experienced in their own souls the drawing power, of ‘‘The Uplifted Christ.’’ They are constrained to come together by that blessed compulsion alone; and the sole object they have in view is so to uplift Christ in like manner in the hearts of the world’s children that He shall be up- lifted also in the world’s life. There are two senses in which Christ has been uplifted, and two cor- responding senses in which He has still to be uplifted among men. His 159 160 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS first uplifting is and must ever be upon the Cross. It was this that He Himself had in view when He spoke of His being lifted up in such fashion as to draw all men unto Him. ‘‘This he said,’’ wrote the Evangelist, ‘‘signifying what death he should die.’’ That uplifting of the Saviour on the Cross is the mightiest exhibition) of divine power that the world has ever seen or known, for it is the most glorious mani- festation of divine love that has ever wrought miracles of grace in the souls of men. Love is incomparably the greatest power in the world. The earth hath not its fellow. Neither eloquence, nor knowledge, nor faith, nor philanthropy, no, nor martyrdom itself, as the Apostle sings in his great Hymn of Love, can compare with it; and still less can wealth or rank or personal mastery or worldly pomp and power, on which men com- monly rely to carry out their ends. Love is the King and Conqueror of them all; and ‘‘herein is love, not that we loved God but that he loved us and gave his Son to be the propitiation for our sins.’’ Herein is Love, Love ‘‘de profundis,’’ Love ‘‘in excelsis,’’ the very Love of God in travail upon the Cross for the Salvation of sinful men. I shall never forget the intensity, the quiet restrained passion, with which the late Principal Denney, that prince of expositors and pro- foundest of theologians who, more than any other, has interpreted the death of Christ to our generation, said this in the hearing of some of us: ‘There is only one thing I envy a Roman Catholic priest, and that is the right he has to take a Crucifix with him into the pulpit, and hold it up before the congregation and say, ‘God loves you like that.’ ’’ Yes, but thank God we can do that even without the aid of the Crucifix. ‘¢The Uplifted Christ’? makes His own impression and His own appeal; and our sole duty, as it is our sure victory, is so to present Him on the Cross alike to sinful men and women and to innocent children, and to say, ‘‘That is how God loves you.’’ Our sole duty? Nay, we have another. It is our duty to uplift Him so, not in heart and in word only, but in deed and in life. The one gospel which the world needs to-day and for which the world is dying, the one remedy for all its troubles, the one cure for all its ills, is the gospel of reconciliation by self-sacrifice; but it is a gospel that must be practised as well as preached. The Crucified Christ must be uplifted in our lives. That is to say, we are called upon to manifest to the world, in our daily walk and conversation and character, and in all our dealings with our fellow men, the same spirit of love and self-sacrifice which He exhibited upon the Cross. We are to show the world by living example what love means, what self-sacrifice can do. Here is the one power by which men can be reconciled to God. Here is the one power by which they can be reconciled to each other. Here therefore is the golden secret for ending war, for promoting interna- tional friendship and peace, for settling industrial strife, for allaying Tuer UPLIFTED CHRIST 161 all selfish rivalries and animosities, and for creating that social order in which God’s will shall be done in earth even as it is in heaven. Ree- onciliation by love and self-sacrifice—there is no other way. And who is to show the world this way unless Christ’s people blaze the trail, unless their deeds are lustred by the spirit of the Cross, unless their lives are shining witnesses to the redeeming and reconciling power of ‘“The Uplifted Christ.’’ The second sense in which Christ fas been uplifted is upon the Throne. ‘*Him hath God exalted to be a Prince and a Saviour.’’ ‘‘ Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name: That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow,...And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father.”’ Self-sacrificing love is the passport to universal sovereignty. The Cross is the title to the Throne of the Universe. Christ is uplifted. Jesus reigns. This may seem a daring claim to make in face of sixty generations of history, wherein sin and selfishness have wrought endless havoc in human life, and ‘‘man’s inhumanity to man’’ has made ‘‘ countless thousands mourn’’; a daring claim to make even in face of the state of the world to-day. Has Christ really been enthroned these two millenniums? If so, why has war continued, and the progress of Christian civilization been marked with tears and blood? Why have social wrongs and miseries persisted, and why are they persisting still, inflicting cruel injury and outrage upon the bodies and souls of millions for whom Jesus died? Why does moral evil flaunt itself in a thousand alluring and repulsive forms, exalting itself against God, asserting its dominion in the com- mon life of men? Why does disease still breed and fester, breaking out in ever fresh and frightful forms, filling the world with pain and suffering, and taking its daily toll of| strong and useful lives? And why, in face of all that, is the Church of Christ divided, His people standing aloof from each other in cold suspicion or in deadly strife, while their common Christian task remains undischarged, the forces of evil run riot on every hand, and half the world that Jesus died to save has hardly so much as heard His saving name? How can these things have been, how can they be to-day, with Jesus on the throne? Nevertheless, in spite of all such age-long denials and refutations of His effective sovereignty, the testimony of the Christian centuries is unmistakable. Their history is unintelligible, the conflict of forces which has gone to make that history is meaningless, the great world movement itself, together with the mighty urge at the heart of it and the purpose which it has increasingly revealed, is inexplicable, save on the assumption that it has all been dominated and directed in the last issue by Christ uplifted and enthroned; by the hoary evils which dur- ing those centuries have been overthrown and put under foot for ever; by the conversion of the ancient pagan world and of rude peoples and 11 162 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS savage tribes to the Christian Faith; by the emergence of a Christian civilization out of the welter and chaos of political anarchy and un- mitigated barbarism—a civilization which, in spite of its defects and failures, is incomparably the noblest which the world has ever seen; by the steady enlightenment of men’s minds; by the sweeping victories of righteousness; by the progressive enlargement of human freedom, and by the increasing purpose of grace which even the setbacks and defeats of the great onward movement have revealed, all clearly marked by the manifest Spirit of Jesus and all making unmistakably for the consummation of the Kingdom of God. The history of the Christian era bears incontestable witness to the ceaseless and effective sovereignty of Jesus Christ. Without question He has been upon the throne, the whole world is coming increasingly under His sway, and even now the government is upon His shoulder, ‘‘and he hath on his garment and on his thigh a name written, King of Kings and Lord of Lords.’’ Yes, Christ is indeed uplifted and enthroned; but, once more, He needs still to be uplifted and enthroned as He has not yet been in the lives of His people and in the secular life of the world. In the lives of His people to begin with. Until He is enthroned there, in vain shall we look for His practical and effective sovereignty over the whole domain of human life. That is why, and that alone is why, His Kingdom has come so slowly in the earth. That is why, and that alone is why, His dominion has not already extended from sea to sea. How can He govern the nations upon earth, how can He establish His sovereignty over every province of human life, unless He is first uplifted, beyond all question or challenge, in the hearty and lives of His own? Ah, but even so, the world is beginning to realize its desperate need of the sovereignty of Christ, if it is to be delivered from the grievous troubles and miseries with which it is struggling, and struggling to so little purpose and with so little result. It is beginning to discover that the one cure for its ills, the one hope of its salvation, lies in accept- ing and acknowledging Christ as its King. Just before the War broke out ten years ago, one of our preachers was coming home from America. On board ship he had a conversation with a fellow-passenger over the state of the world as it was then. To his surprise this man, who was an American born and bred, a lover of the great Republic of the West, gave utterance to the sentiment that what the world then needed was a King. And then he added slowly: ‘‘And the only possible King is Jesus Christ.’’ The world itself is making that discovery to-day, and with even greater reason. What an opportunity, then, for His people to proclaim Him as King, and to do so in the most convincing of all possible ways, by making His sovereignty effective in their own lives! And what a chal- lenge to them so to uplift Him, so to enthrone Him, in the hearts of THE CONVENTION SERMON 163 the world’s children that there shall rise up a generation of men and women in a few short years who shall set up His standard in every province of human life! That is the opportunity and that the chal- lenge to which this Convention is the response. Other Conventions may fail, or fail for the moment, of tha ends they have in view; but for a Convention which meets under the sign of ‘‘The Uplifted Christ,’’ a world-wide victory is sure at last. Jesus does reign. ‘‘ His the sceptre, His the throne.’’ There is none to dispute with Him ultimately the sovereignty of the Universe. It remains for us to crown Him, King of Kings and Lord of Lords, over our own imperfect lives, over our little rebellious world. THE CONVENTION SERMON SUNDAY SCHOOLS IN MODERN CHRISTENDOM By Herpert HENSLEY HENSON, D.D., Lord Bishop of Durham Text: ‘“‘This is the end of the matter; all hath been heard: Fear God, and keep his commandments; for this is the whole duty of man.’’—Ecclesiastes xii: 13. Christ’s Religion is distinguished by its regard for children. Partly this was an inheritance from Judaism which was, and is, honourably marked by the purity of its family life. The Rabbis attached great spiritual importance to childhood. The Shechinah, or Divine Presence, they taught, is with the young. A striking passage is quoted from the Rabbinie literature which may well be in our minds to-day. Two Rabbis were sent to visit the towns of Palestine in order to see that local affairs were well ordered: Once they went to a place and asked to see its Guardians. They were confronted with the chiefs of the Soldiery. ‘‘These,’’ said the Rabbis, ‘fare not the Guardians of the town, they are its destroyers.’’ ‘‘ Who, then, are the true Guardians?’’ ‘‘The teachers of the children.’’ The nations asked, ‘‘Can we prevail against Israel?’’ The answer was given, ‘‘ Not if you hear the voices of the children babbling over their books in the Synagogues.’’! Partly, Christian regard for children was the inevitable result of the Teaching and Example of Jesus. When will the disciple ever be able to read unmoved the evangelist’s account of the divine Lord face to face with little children? When will the echoes of His indignation at those disciples who would have driven the babes from Him have died away in Christendom? Historically the practice of the Church in bap- tizing infants grows out of His words, ‘‘Suffer the little children to 1Studies in Pharisaism and the Gospels, by I. Abrahams, ist Series, p. 119. 164 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS eome unto me, and forbid them not: for of such is the kingdom of God.’’ We gain a genuine insight into our Lord’s personality when we read of His rebuking the ambition of His apostles by the help of a child. St. Luke tells us that He set the child by His side. Memorable spec- tacle! The two teachers side by side in face of the Church—the In- earnate Son of God and a little child. And sitting thus the Lord in- terpreted childhood, and told the secret of its spiritual supremacy: ‘Whosoever shall receive this little child in my name receiveth me: and whosoever shall receive me receiveth him that sent me: for he that is least among you all, the same is great.’’ Partly, this exaltation of childhood by the Church was legitimate, and indeed unavoidable, inference from the method of God’s self-revelation in Christ. St. Irenzeus wrote: He came through every age, with infants becoming an infant, hallow- ing infants; among little children a little child, hallowing those of that very age, at the same time making Himself to them an example of dutifulness, and righteousness, and subjection: among young men a young man, becoming an example to young men and hallowing them to the Lord. So also an elder among elders, that He might be a perfect Teacher in all things.’ ’2 It is a melancholy reflection that while thus Christianity has exalted childhood, and beyond every other religion recognized its spiritual great- ness, modern Christendom has been the scene of a more complete degra- dation of childhood than, perhaps, has disclosed itself in non-Christian communities. In this strange and humiliating fact lies the origin of Sunday Schools, of which the present extension and importance are at- tested by this great Convention. Sunday Schools came into existence as an attempt to counteract the ill conditions under which children are brought by modern industrialism. Robert Raikes (1735-1811) was first led to concern himself with the state of children by what he saw of the juvenile prisoners in Gloucester gaol. As a practical man of business he saw that ‘‘prevention is better than cure,’’ and essayed to stop the drift of childhood into crime at its source. He found that similar thoughts were stirring in other minds. A dissenter, William King, had set up a school in Dursley, and a clergy- man, Thomas Stock, had started a Sunday School at Ashbury. When, in July, 1780, Raikes opened his first school in his own parish of S. Mary-le-Crypt, Gloucester, he had inaugurated a movement which was destined to grow quickly. It accorded with the humaneness and zeal for education which characterised the time, and inspired so many re- forming movements. On July 18, 1784, John Wesley noted in his Jour- nal the surprising spread of Sunday Schools: 2Hort, Ante-Nicene Fathers, p. 72. THE CONVENTION SERMON 165 I find these schools springing up wherever I go. Perhaps God may have a deeper end therein than men are aware of. Who knows but some of these schools may become nurseries for Christians? Could that great and apostolic man have been in this hall to-day, how he would have blessed God for the mighty outcome of the work which he hailed with hope in its small beginnings! It is pleasant to remember that my predecessor, Bishop Shute Barrington, was one of those who supported Robert Raikes’s efforts, and was accustomed him- self to teach a large class of boys in the great chapel which is the glory of Auckland Castle. In 1780 the industrial movement was but in its early stages: we are witnessing its portentous maturity. And this brings me to the first of the seven propositions which I desire to submit to you, and very briefly to maintain. I submit, then, first of all, I. The Increasing Urbanisation of Modern Life Bears Hardly On Child- hood. The abominable mishandling of children which preceded the Factory Acts has generally ceased, and is everywhere condemned. It is seen to be as unsound in economics as in morals, since it makes for inefficiency in work as well as for corruption of character. If Lord Shaftesbury were living now, and still pursuing the old quest, he would be embar- rassed rather by his supporters than by his opponents. In any case he would be ‘‘pushing an open door.’’ We cannot doubt that the reform- ing process which has secured such great results will continue until all that humane legislation, enforced by a sensitively vigilant public bpinion even more effectually than by statutory penalties, can do has been done, and industry has been purged of its foulest stains. Article XXIII of the Covenant of the League of Nations registers a victory, as well as proclaims a duty. It pledges the signatory powers, to ‘‘en- deavour to secure and maintain fair and humane conditions of labour for men, women and children both in their own countries and in all countries to which their commercial and industrial relations extend, and for that purpose to establish and maintain the necessary international organisations. ’’ But urbanisation, largely the result of industrialism, remains, per- sists, and, as every census attests, increases; and urbanisation is hostile to the healthy development of children. On this point I shall content myself with quoting some sentences from Professor Stanley Hall’s monumental work on ‘‘ Adolescence.’’ He is speaking with direct ref- erence to his own country, America, but his words apply mutatis mutandis to every modern community: Never has youth been exposed to such dangers of both perversion and arrest as in our own land and day. Increasing urban life with its temptations, prematurities, sedentary occupations, and passive stimuli 166 SunDAY ScHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS just when an active objective life is most needed, early emancipation and a lessening sense for both duty and discipline, the haste to know and do all befitting man’s estate before its time, the mad rush for sudden wealth and the reckless fashions set by its gilded youth—all these lack some of the regulatives they still have in older lands with more conserva- tive traditions....We are conquering nature, achieving a magnificent material civilization, but we are progressively forgetting that for the complete apprenticeship to life, youth needs repose, leisure, art, legends, romance, idealization, and in a word humanism, if it is to enter the kingdom of man well-equipped for man’s highest work in the world.... Everywhere the mechanical and formal triumph over content and sub- stance, the letter over the spirit, the intellect over morals, lesson setting and hearing over real teaching, the technical over the essential, informa- tion over education, marks over edification, and method over matter. We coquet with children’s likes and dislikes and cannot teach duty or the spirit of obedience. While this urbanisation is telling so disastrously on childhood, the State is becoming conscious of a formidable danger which it is of itself unable to remove. And this is my second proposition: II. The Lack of Adequate Moral Training for Its Citizens is the Achilles Heel of Modern Democracy. The material progress which on the whole marked the civilized world up to the outbreak of the Great War went ever along with an increase of discontent. It would appear that industrialism manufactures appe- tite even faster than the satisfactions of appetite, so that while wages have generally risen and the means of enjoyment have largely increased, every decade has disclosed in the people a larger margin of unsatisfied desire. The people, more prosperous than ever before, have hunger in their eyes and hatred in their hearts. This disintegrating process within society which had proceeded far in the period before the cata- elysm which has ruined Europe broke on the world, has been enormously stimulated by that supreme catastrophe. Civilization is now in a state of unstable equilibrium which may at any moment change into the meas- ureless disaster of Revolution. An Italian historian, Ferrero, has placed his finger on the root of the mischief: He writes: The World War has produced many ruins, but the others are trifling in comparison with this destruction of all principles of authority....The principle of authority is the key to all civilization; when the political system becomes disintegrated and falls into anarchy, civilization in its turn is rapidly broken up.¢4 The modern State cannot provide a principle of authority strong enough to command human allegiance in all circumstances. Limited by 3“‘Adolescence,”’ vol. 1. Preface xv. New York, 1905. 4The Ruin of the Ancient Civilization and the Triumph of Christianity. New York, 1921, p. 207. THE CONVENTION SERMON 167 its own theory to the realm of secular affairs, committed to a religious neutrality which almost inevitably works out in naked secularism, the modern State is becoming aware that it cannot provide for the sanc- tions of duty, or the ideals by which the greater achievements of human nature are inspired. ‘‘Man doth not live by bread only, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of the Lord doth man live.’’ One of the most depressing books I have ever read is Lord Bryce’s great book on ‘‘ Modern Democracies.’’ Let me quote a few sentences from the concluding chapter in which the author allows himself to speculate on ‘‘the Future of Democracy’’: Whatever happens, such an institution as Popular Government will evidently take its colour from and will flourish or decline according to the moral and intellectual progress of mankind as a whole. Democracy is based on the expectation of certain virtues in the people, and on its tendency to foster and further develop those virtues. It assumes not merely intelligence but an intelligence elevated by honour, purified by sympathy, stimulated by a sense of duty to the community. It relies on the people to discern these qualities and choose its leaders by them. .. With intelligence, sympathy, and the sense of duty everything would go smoothly, and a system which trained the citizen in those virtues would endure, because each successive generation would grow up in the practice of them. Thus the question of the permanence of democracy resolves itself into the question of whether mankind is growing in wisdom and virtue, and with that comes the question of what Religion will be in the future, since it has been for the finer and more sensitive spirits the motive power behind morality. Governments that have ruled by Foree and Fear have been able to live without moral sanctions, or to make their subjects believe that those sanctions consecrated them, but no free government has ever yet so lived and thriven, for it is by a reverence for the Powers Unseen and Eternal which impose those sanctions, that the powers of evil have been, however imperfectly, kept at bay and the fabric of society held together.5 Religion is indispensable to the State, and Religion can only mean Christ’s Religion. As Coleridge said luminously yet simply, ‘‘We must be men in order to be citizens.’? And apart from Religion manhood is a sterile and mutilated thing. ‘‘Not without celestial observations cau even terrestrial charts be accurately constructed.’’é III. Within recent years, and notably since the War, there has developed within Christendom a revolt against the faith and morals of Chris- tianity, and this revolt is now taking shape as an organized effort to capture and corrupt childhood. Of all the repulsive features which have marked the Russian Revolu- tion surely the most horrible, and in its far-reaching consequences the 5Modern Democracies, Vol. ii, 666. London, 1921. 6Church and State, by S. T. Galertise: 4th Ed., 1852, p. 61, 57. 168 SunDAY ScHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS most terrifying, is the deliberate perversion and defilement of the Rus- sian children. ‘‘We have achieved one vital thing, which is more im- portant than all our destructions,’’ boasted a prominent Bolshevist official. ‘‘We have created a new ‘human material.’ We have trans- formed a people of slaves into a people of free men.’’ Professor Sarolea, whose recently published book, ‘‘ Impressions of Soviet Russia,’’ deserves the careful study of all good citizens, fastens on this fearful policy of child-corruption as the gravest feature of the Russian situation. The Dictators have indeed sown the dragon’s teeth of future catas- trophes. They have succeeded in poisoning the minds of a whole genera- tion. That achievement is the real Devil’s work which the Bolshevist régime has done, and whose consequences can only reveal themselves in the future. Here is his description of the State schools in Russia: In Soviet schools the Christian religion is excommunicated. In the schools which I visited teachers were invariably careful to boast to me that all the pupils were declared Atheists. No one can enter the Soviet School Club unless he renounces Christianity. Those Soviet School Clubs or Communist cells are scattered all over Russia. They are an integral part of the school. Their aim is to initiate and to confirm the boys and girls in the true faith. There are many who, while acquiescing without much difficulty in the destruction of Christian faith, would not resign without regret and a measure of alarm the morality associated with it. In Russia both faith and morality are perishing together, and indeed necessarily since they are inseparable. Professor Sarolea asks: What is to be the future of all those millions of children who have received the same kind of education. It certainly is by far the gravest issue which has been raised by the Bolshevist catastrophe. From our bourgeois point of view, the systematic demoralisation of these millions of children may be the most terrible legacy left by the Bolshevist régime. Bolshevist Russia is the drunken helot of Christendom, in whose de- based excesses Christendom may perceive the abyss which lies before those who tread the path which she has traversed. The materials of the same hideous catastrophe exist in every civilized community. This is the reason why the apostles of Bolshevism can command a hearing in more civilized societies than their own, and find it worth while to or- ganise at vast expense their debasing propaganda. The evil is certainly present in this country, and in this city. Here also children are being taught to renounce Christ, and to despise morality. The mischief is limited as yet. It lurks in ‘‘the thievish corners of the streets,’’ but it is fastening like a poisonous parasite on better things, and serving itself of their influence and credit. Evil is an infectious disease. It spreads easily in great cities. The strength of the hateful movement Tue CONVENTION SERMON 169 lies mainly in two facts. On the one hand, the very horror which it inspires in honest and religious minds induces an indiscriminating de- nunciation, which is lacking in justice, and provokes reactions. On the other hand, the morbid class feeling of the artisans predisposes them to champion every movement which claims, however falsely, to stand (to adopt a phrase from twentieth century politics) for the Masses against the Classes. These facts are related; the one stimulates and perverts the other. We must be just even in righteous anger. ‘‘ Pro- letarian Sunday Schools,’’ which are beyond all question teaching in our midst Bolshevist atheism and Bolshevist immorality, are not to be confused with Socialist Sunday Schools, which in many cases repudiate both; and neither must be bound up with the mighty movement of or- ganized Labour which, in its leading exponents and in the majority of its adherents, cleaves to the Christian tradition of faith and morals. Labour has assuredly all to lose and nothing to gain by association with this new Russian religion of anarchy and vice. It is, I appre- hend, the plain duty of every civilized Government, as charged with the safety of the State to restrain these conspirators against the very as- sumptions of citizenship, and I do not doubt that our own Government will do what it can. But the activity is cunningly concealed, and un- sleepingly maintained, and it is impossible to avoid a profound anxiety as to its results. Perhaps no revelation of the War has been more deeply disturbing to a considering student of human life than the helplessness of the people against organized propaganda. Human nature, we have learned, is a very sensitive, a very easily malleable thing. Childhood is wonderfully plastic; it can be shaped into any pattern. The machin- ery for spreading ideas and applying methods has been so perfected, and its results can be secured so rapidly that we dare not indulge in the dream of safety because for the moment the area of infection is limited, and the disease itself is so appalling that we can hardly credit its existence among us. I pass to my fourth proposition which will need little arguing. IV. There is no known substitute for Christianity as an instrument for training character. Secularism has proved incompetent, and the demonstration of its incompetence is pressed on the rulers of every modern State by the sinister increase of juvenile crime, by the ever-increasing difficulty of finding honest officials for the democratic machine, and by the waxing difficulty of government. Secularism has no adequate sanctions for duty, and no adequate motives for sacrifice. In Christ’s Religion alone the Object of Worship is identical with the Embodiment of Duty. Of all the Founders of Religion Christ alone can sum up shortly the re- quirements of morality in the call to imitation of Himself—‘‘ Follow me.’’ And, therefore, in Christ’s Religion the enthusiasm of a personal 170 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS allegiance is carried into the dull daily demands of common life. The exemplary value of the life of Christ is the supreme expression of a quality which inheres in the whole Scripture. The unique value of the Bible as a manual of morals consists perhaps very largely in the fact that the great constituent virtues—chastity, faith, fortitude, fidelity, courage—are exhibited in striking examples. The narratives of the Old Testament bite into the child’s memory because they are in themselves full of charm and interest. The great battle-roll of the heroes of Faith in the eleventh chapter of The Epistles to the Hebrews is but an epitome of the sacred literature. It is more than precept, or argument, or com- mandment. The truth is shown in concrete examples, which bring it within the arena of experience. If then the Church possesses this unique instrument of moral training, a fifth proposition follows plainly, and needs no argument: V. The training of the children in the faith and morals of Christianity, as these are set forth in the Scripture, is a primary duty of the Christian Church. The patriotic citizen who is also a Christian owes this service to his country. Our sixth proposition is directly practical, and expresses a very obvious inference from the salient factors of the situation as it now confronts the Church within Christendom. VI. In the circumstances of modern democracy Christian effort must direct itself mainly to two objects, viz.: the Christianisation of the Teachers in State Schools, and the prevision of really efficient Sunday Schools. Modern democracy, which in the propriety of language is rather ochlocratic than democratic, is being steadily pressed by the remorseless logic of its own theory, and the waxing coercion of its actual circum- stances, to secularize its schools and colleges. Local conditions, in deed, may delay the calamity for a few years, but cannot ultimately avert it. The complete secularisation of educational systems throughout Christendom is one of the surest postulates of the situation which now confronts the Christian Church. But need it follow that the secularisa- tion of the personnel of the educational system must also be effected? Surely it is precisely at this point that the Christian Churches ought to find their opportunity. Secular schools in the hands of Christian teachers will remain secular in syllabus and management, but will have become Christian in tone, atmosphere, and tendency. And if, along with these secular schools so administered, there be really efficient Sun- day Schools in which the faith and morality of Christianity, formally banned from the State Schools and Colleges, may be systematically taught, Christendom may even yet be provided with an educational system in which good citizens can be trained for the service of humanity THE CONVENTION SERMON a hyiak and the Glory of God. While therefore, the Churches should exert themselves to make sure that the Teaching Profession, which in its highest conception is so plainly a spiritual ministry, a Cure of Souls, does not fall out of accord with Christ’s religion, but may rather carry into the State system of education the temper and habit of Christian service, | apprehend that they should address themselves with ardour and intelligence to the provision of really efficient Sunday Schools, in which the young can be taught ‘‘the truth as it is in Jesus.’’ As I contemplate this great Convention, and recall the vast range of en- thusiastic and codrdinated Christian endeavour which it represents, as ‘well as the objects which it has come together to promote, I must needs submit one concluding proposition. It is the seventh and last which I offer for your acceptance. VII. In organizing and maintaining Sunday Schools in adequate extent and efficiency the separated Churches will increasingly realize their essential unity in Christ, and find themselves moving forward into an ever more intimate and fruitful codperation in His service. Not by ecclesiastical diplomacy framing pacts between Churches, and cautiously balancing the pros and cons of mutual recognition, but by combined effort in the great campaign of spiritual redemption in which all the disciples of Christ are engaged, must the broken fellow- ship of the Church be brought into visible oneness. In work lies the way to union, not in discussion, still less in controversy. In shielding the children of Christendom from the worst peril which now confronts them, we are in line with the manifested Will of Christ, and are carry- ing forward on earth the Witness of His Example. The Call of our Master is clear and coercive in its urgency: ‘‘We must work the works of him that sent me, while it is day: the night cometh, when no man can work.’’ THE DEVOTIONAL ADDRESSES The Convention was fortunate in having two such masters of the art of reaching the heart as the Very Rev. Principal D. L. Cairns, of Aber- deen University, and the Very Rev. Adam Philips, D.D., of Invergowrie, Ex-Moderator of the United Free Church. While they did not prepare notes, it was possible for the stenographers to take down the addresses. DR. CAIRNS’S ADDRESSES 1. JEsus CHRIST, THE TRUTH One could easily put the essence of the Christian faith in the words of two very short verses of Scripture. On the one hand, Christianity is a great gift of God to men, and on the other hand, it is a life lived in the faith of that gift. The two verses I should choose would be, for 172 SUNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS Christianity as a life: ‘‘ Now abideth faith, hope and love, these three’’; and for Christianity as the greatest of the great Giver’s gifts to men, ‘*T am the Way, the Truth and the Life.’’ “‘T am the Way, the Truth and the Life.’’ 'These words have been set in a new and very wonderful context. The growth of a great new science within the last hundred years—the science of Comparative Re- ligion—has established two or three things for good and all. It has shown that religion is practically universal; that the human being that does not have some kind or other of religion is abnormal. And it has shown us also what the science of religion is. Beneath the infinite variety of its forms, there is something that always persists in every age and in every land, and, in the light of what scholars have shown us of religion, it is always, as has been truly said by a very great scholar, ‘‘a prayer for life.’’ It is always man’s protest and appeal to the great Power over all things, to the great Reality behind all things. It is his appeal for deliverance, his appeal for life, and there is nothing more ineradicable in man than his conviction that, behind the seen and the temporal, there is a stupendous Unseen, and that, in comparison with that, everything else is transient and insignificant. During the War, men who never prayed before, prayed. I think it is broadly speaking true of the British Army to say that it prayed, and that is a confession of this tremendous Power over everything. Now, there are three things in every religion. There is the Call of this Power —conviction. There is the boon that man seeks. And there is the method, the way in which man tries to get into such relations with this Power, that he will win life. That has all been discovered within the last hundred years or so. Does it not throw a new flood of light on this verse, which is so familiar to all of us: ‘‘I am the Way, the Truth and the Life’’—the Truth about God, the Way to God and Life in God and union there. That is the theme of this verse. Now this morning, I want with you to get to the heart of that won- derful saying, ‘‘I am the Truth.’’ What did Jesus Christ mean by saying, ‘‘I am the Truth’’? This is the greatest of the three things of which I have spoken. By far the most important thing in all religion is the idea of God, for it really determines everything else; it is fundamental. If you have a true idea of God and believe it with all your heart, then you cannot help con- forming your life itself to your faith. And one of the greatest of all human thinkers has said that the same is true of any nation. ‘‘The nation,’’ said Hegel, ‘‘that has a false idea of God, has also bad insti- tutions, bad government and bad laws.’’ So it is of absolutely vital importance, this idea of God. It has been truly said that we have a truer idea of the human per- sonality of Jesus, than any age has ever had. That is what the labours JESUS CHRIST, THE TRUTH 173 of scholars and patient students have won afresh out of the Gospels— Jesus, the Man. I do not suppose any books that have ever been written have had such a searching fire of scrutiny as the Gospels. The Roman historian, I think it was Tacitus, tells how, when Pompey and his legions came to Jerusalem, Pompey pressed on into the mysterious shrine, the Holy of Holies. The historian records with wonder and with awe that when Pompey got into the shrine, there was nothing there but empty mysteries. That is not true of the advance of the armies of human thought here. The more you have penetrated into these Gospels, the more there is arising from them—the loveliest things in human history. The noblest historians of the greatest of the sons of men say that, to-day, the truest man, by universal consent, is the Man of Nazareth. And one is pro- foundly thankful for all lovely things that men have told us about Jesus of Nazareth. But I need something more than that for a religion. I want to know what the great Universe is in itself; I want to know what is the last reality in the world; I want to know the nature of the character of God. So I need to press on behind the Man to the manifestation of the nature of things that we have in Him—God, manifest in the flesh. How did Jesus Christ manifest God? He did it in part by His teaching. We are all familiar with that glorious teaching—the Sermon on the Mount, the parable of the Prodigal Son, and all those exquisite stories and deeds of His. But there is something behind that. He took His whole being and He used it for the revelation of God, so that the men and women who were round about Him could know Him. They were having all their thoughts of God transformed. They could not think of Jesus without the thought of the Father. They could not take in the knowledge of the Son without being carried on into the heart of the knowledge of the Father. ; It was Christ’s whole personality that was in it, the personality that used teaching as one of its methods, the personality that revealed God’s nature in every miracle that He ever wrought, the personality that you could not understand unless you entered deep and far into the idea of the God, in Whom He lived and moved and had His being. Let me illustrate this by telling a story I have told repeatedly. When I was a student, I went to a concert of classical music. Nature, I grieve to say, has not given me the power of deeply understanding classical music. I was bored. Suddenly my eyes fell on the face of the man who was sitting beside me, and I was startled. He was trans- figured. It was the face of a man who had got beyond care and doubt and fear and sorrow; he was hearing harmonies I could never hear, living in a world I could never inhabit. I saw the light of the glory of the world of music in his face. 174 SunpDAY ScHOOL AND HEALING OF NATIONS So men who lived with Jesus saw the light of the glory of God in His face—absolufe exaltation and wonder and joy and love, when He but thought of God. That is what He offers His disciples. He is always and everywhere calling for faith in God—more faith. I am not exaggerating, when I say, that, in effect, He says to every human being that comes into con- tact with Him, ‘‘ The trouble with you is that you do not believe enough in God,’’ and that is what He would say to us here. The trouble with us is that we do not believe enough in God. He is always nearer, always readier to help, always more beautiful and wonderful than any of us imagine. And, in effect, He says too, ‘‘If you believe enough in God, there is nothing you cannot do in the way of good.’’ He is the Truth about God, the ultimate Truth about God. And now, surely the men and women, who were round about Him, must often have had to face the doubt, ‘‘Is He under a hallucination about God? Is He a dreamer?’’ If they rejected that, then the tre- mendous question must have been forced upon them: ‘‘Are not we under a hallucination?’’ Is not the human race under a hallucination, all a little mad about God, thinking that He is unreal, far away, shadowy, fettered by His own laws, unable to help? The thought comes breaking in on a human heart and brain. Surely, there comes with it a new awe and wonder— a sense of the Marvel, in whom we live and move and have our being! And the sense must come too that the way to step out into life is not to travel far to find God, but to awaken to the presence that is always there. There is a verse in an American poem, which tells how a party of miners who were lying, one night, by the camp fire under the pine trees, talked together about the things that man might achieve in the future, the heights that human knowledge might reach, the discovery of the depths of the world and the Maker of the world. And the poet tells us how the others fell asleep, but he could not. He heard the pine boughs murmuring above him and then, as he listened, the murmuring seemed to become articulate. This is what they said: ‘*Heard thee these wanderers talking of a time, When man more near the eternal God shall climb? How like the new-born child, that cannot tell, How close his mother’s arms enfold him warm the while! ”’ How shall we open heart and brain to God? How shall we win that faith? We shall win it simply by living in the presence of Him, who is the Truth, who is the Truth in everything, so that, whenever you break through to Jesus Christ, you break through to Almighty God—Jesus Christ, who still has the power to lay His hands on the blinded eyes JESUS CHRIST, THE WAY 175 and the dead ears, and open them to the presence of that God, in Whom we live and move and have our being. 2. JESUS CHRIST, THE WAY I spoke yesterday on Christ as the Truth, beginning with that as the very foundation of everything else. It is true that Jesus began with the way—‘‘I am the Way, the Truth and the Life’’—but it is clear that He did that in reply to the question, ‘‘How can we know the way?’’ He naturally began with the way. But the Truth is the foundation. Jesus Christ revealed the absolute reality that is at the heart of all things and that is over all things, after such a fashion that we can say of God that He is an Almighty God, an almighty, eternal Omnipresence —or, as the New Testament has it, God the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ and our God and Father in Him. Does any one of us want a greater and happier thought of God than that? When we really can vividly realise it, surely it comes with an emancipating power of joy, transfiguring everything else. ‘*Heaven above, a deeper blue, Earth around, a fairer green, Something shines in every hue, Christ-less eyes have never seen.’’ It is impossible to rejoice too much if this is to be true! It has been truly said that the only serious difficulty about the Christian faith is that it is too good to be true. But nothing is too good to be true, if the sovereign reality of the Universe and the highest ideal that man can frame of conduct are one and the same. The more faith, the better; the more hope, the truer; the more love, the more in contact are you with reality. Now, we need to let our thoughts dwell on these things, as we move on this morning to the second great thought—Jesus Christ, the Way— because this, assuredly, goes beyond hope. By way of considering what He meant by the Way, let us think for a moment again this morning of the religions of men. I said yesterday that they all have some way of uniting themselves with God, in order that they may get from Him the supreme boon of life. As one looks on the great panorama of world religion, one sees that there have been two great ways—the way of sacrifice, and the way of the law. The sacrifices of heathen religions seem, to begin with, to have been gifts to the gods, in order to propitiate them. Then they come to have the meaning of expiation, but the fundamental meaning is that of a gift from men to their gods. The higher religions got beyond that, and developed the way of the law. Men felt that there must be a way of life, well-pleasing to God, 176 SuNDAY SCHOOL AND HEALING oF NATIONS and that the true way to get into union with God, that they might win from Him the life that their spirits crave, was by following the true way through life. Jesus Christ comes into this great, human need of ours. He comes as the Way, the new and living Way to the very heart of God, and He is able to undercut, as it were, both sacrifice and the law. Here is the great problem, in which the soul finds itself, when it comes to try to get into union with God. You and I and all human beings have in us profound religious cravings for fellowship, for union with God. It is the deepest need in man that he may be able to bring his own life into free and happy relations with the great Being and the great Life of the world. Union with God is what we were made for and what our souls desire. But here is the obstacle. The only God worth believing in at all is a God of absolute purity and goodness. It is not worth while believing in any other kind of supreme being than one who represents the very highest ideal of the soul, and so you have this deep religious craving for union with God coming right up against the deepest moral convic- tion in us. How am I, who am not wholly at ease with my own con- science, to come into free and happy relations with the supreme em- bodiment of the ideal? There is the great problem of religion. Now into it comes Jesus Christ and He solves the problem by being Himself the new and the living Way. How does He accomplish it? Let me take an illustration. I know a great man by reputation, and I desire his friendship. In a democratic country like ours, any one of us may secure an interview with the very highest, if he is persistent enough about it. But an interview is not a friendship, so long as I am carrying the burden of it myself. The more capable I am of friendship, the more must I feel that I am an intruder, that my time is limited, that I must not in any way be too natural in speaking to him. There is a constraint and a burden on the interview. But it is altogether another story when He comes seeking me, and when He persists in seeking me, and is not put off by any imperfection in me, but comes through all insult and all slighting, and holds out His hands to me. Now that is the great Christian story. ‘‘He made Himself of no reputation. He laid His glory by. He took upon Him the form of a servant. He became obedient unto death, even the death of the Cross. That is the Christian account of God. The moment that we have taken it home to our hearts, we have the possibility of union with God, be- cause now we know that He is a God of incomparable Grace, the God who takes the initiative in offering love. It has been truly said that nobody ever understands God’s grace, and that God’s love is taken as a matter of course. It is only when you see that there is something wonderful and miraculous about it that you JESUS CHRIST, THE LIFE 177 ean really take it home. When I am trying to fathom it, I feel that I am in the presence of some stupendous secret, that lies behind all created things—the love of God, unfathomable, wonderful. But obvi- ously, now, this life of union rests upon this, that God has first com- muned with us, and every step forward in the new life is a discovering of the God, who was there waiting for us before we sought Him. ‘¢Thou couldst not have sought, unless thou hadst already found.’’ I have no time this morning to show how this Gift of God, the new and living Way is developed, how Jesus fulfils all that is true in the law. He does it by giving us a spirit. Fellowship with Christ is our guide to conduct. It is the one right way through life. Men and women get from Jesus Christ an instinct and a spirit about conduct, and duty, which liberates and does not enslave. We are set free from formulas, to live in a spirit, and living with Jesus men and women are inevitably drawn into communion with the Father. I can but touch on that. But one thing I want to say before I close, ‘‘Is all this ancient story believable by modern men and women to-day?’’ I think there is a doubt and fear in many minds that the revelation of the greatness of God, which science has given us, of the stupendous magnitude of His great world of nature, and of His tremendous periods of duration, have made it unthinkable that God could have become man, and, for us men and women, have died on the cross. Is that a true feeling? Undoubtedly, the only God, in whom it is possible to believe, is a very great God. Astronomy and geology have enormously expanded our ideas of the greatness of God, and they seem to have dwarfed man. A man may say it was possible to believe in God in the days of Archbishop Usher. To-day it is impossible. Surely, that is not sound reasoning. As I think of this mighty world that God has made, I seem to see the Cross of Jesus Christ becoming more believable every day. 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Virginia =. i505. ws eo ett ale pane ere 5 Wisconsin): 25. oes Ca ato oaks eee 8 MiscellanGous i: ii apc cee se ae eee eee 2 793 CRUD RE iwc alee eo ook Paes eee 4 797 SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina 0306s issn sawn seh oe us tate eee 4 Brag. ce esc hak eC ee ee 12 Trintdad ts eiss vee ete as eee ae ee 2 18 2,693 COUNTRIES: REPRESENTED © ..0.. ci 00.0e'ds eee eee 54 DENOMINATIONS REPRESENTED ©.?.. 0.30274 42 MISSIONARIES: 20.6020 008. 24007 Sas eee 90 THE LIBRARY OF THE MAR 8 1933 UNivcoolY OF iLLiNols, The Work Outlined and Detailed in This Book Has Interested You ° . 5 6é Will you now make a contribution to carry on’’ to a still greater success? A gift of any amount will be appreciated and _ helpful. CREATING A LIFE MEMBERSHIP May appeal to you. More than 100 have already been constituted. THE ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS Can be sent at once or in three or four annual payments. World-wide Sunday-School Work Pays the largest dividends because invested in the character making of youth in every land. MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO PAUL STURTEVANT, Treasurer AND FORWARD TO World’s Sunday School Association 216 METROPOLITAN TOWER, NEW YORK CITY THE WORK OF THE World’sSunday School Association MUST BE MAINTAINED BY Individual Gifts Name this organization in your will. ' Be generous, for the Field is the WORLD. The gift will be held as a Trust Fund. The income will be your annual contri- bution. Your will can read : “TI give and: devise to the World’s Sunday School Association, the sum of dollars, tocandiiaee use of said World’s Sunday School Associa- tion.’’ hk \ balk Hay" , NAR NIG) Hrs Ci 111 Seer ne es