325.1 
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 UNIVERSITY OF 
 
 ILUNOIS LIBRARY 
 
 AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 
 
 BOOKSTACKS
 
 FTIJST AXXUAl. llEI'oKT 
 
 or Till 
 
 AMKHKAN AM) IdlllJCX 
 
 (Emigrant prolfcfibf anii (kinplomncnt 
 
 S O C IE T Y, 
 
 PBVntTED AT TIICIB 
 
 A N N IT A I. MEETING, 
 
 HELD AT THE BIBLE HOUSE, 
 
 ON MONDAY, MAY 14tii, 1865, 
 
 ADOI'TElt AND PUBLISHBD BY ORDER OP THE SOCIETY. 
 
 N E W - Y O II K : 
 PRINTED BY JOHN A. GRAY, 06 k i>7 CLIFF STREET. 
 
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 To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF lUINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 
 
 T 
 
 mv. i'd \ma 
 
 MAR ? '^ 19' H
 
 I 
 
 (Offictrs of Uu Sofittn. 
 
 
 President, VKTER COOPKR. 
 
 Vict- Presidents, Elkazar Tarmly, Uov, Dr. AsA D. Smito. 
 
 Treasurer, Frascis A. Palmer. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, Mortimer Dk Mottb. 
 
 Recording Secretary, Jasper E. CoaxiNO. 
 
 General Agent, D. R. Tuomason. 
 
 SU1»KRINTENDKNTS. 
 
 J. Reymocr, 27 Greenwich street. M. YoUKSTOXE, 13 Astor Place. 
 
 Abraham Bell, 
 Walter S. Griffith, 
 Horace Greeley, 
 W. T. Frost, 
 Jasper E. Corxixo, 
 Bor. Dr. KEKKAi)AT, 
 Luke C. Coe, 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 David Banks, 
 Rev. Wsi. Ouix, 
 Francis Hall, 
 Rev. Dr. Cheever, 
 
 P. J. FuIlUKS, 
 
 G. H. Wellington, 
 Jambs R. Spalding, 
 
 Rev. Joseph P. Thompson, 
 CuAS T. Cromwell, 
 Rev. F. S. Howe, 
 
 JOSIAH MaXN, 
 
 H. V. Poou, 
 Solon Robinson. 
 
 BOARD a V M A N A O K R S . 
 
 Cltairman, Mortimer De Motte, 237 Broadway. 
 
 E. Richardson, 52 South street, 
 G. C. Bakeu, 15S Pearl street, 
 H. Pla.ntex, 2:i 1 Wuliani streot, 
 Alfred Edwards, 70 Wall street, 
 Jasi'eh E. Corxixo, 81 John street, 
 A. lloot'ET, G2 Wall street, 
 William P. Miller, h5 Gold street, 
 William Hall, (Mayor,) Brooklyn, 
 James C. Bell, 25 Park Row, 
 
 Lewis Minor, M. D., Brooklj-n, 
 Wm. H, Church, M.D., 71 Ixjiidou Terrace, 
 Geo. H, Siemo.x, C'J Liberty street, 
 Rev. U^ Dyer, D.D., Bible House, 
 Jasper T. Van Yleck, 27 Wall street, 
 Isaac (<'. Kendall, 199 Twelllh stroot, 
 Bexj, Q. Lek, 85-7 Broad street, 
 Edwaud Corning, 81 Johu street, 
 Banks, 27 Peck Slip. 
 
 o ,| jFyiw^e"
 
 OFFICEHS. 
 
 STANPINO COMMITTKKS. 
 
 Financf.—ALVRET* Kdwards, rroUction.—A. IloorET. 
 
 Wu. 11. CucRcn, W.I.LUM Hail. 
 
 Jasper T. Vak Vleck. j^^^ ^ ^^^^^ 
 Agencies. — IF. Pi. antes, 
 
 Wu. r. Miller, Emphyment.—\\v. II. CniRCH, 
 
 Bekj. C. Lek. 
 
 -_ „ „ „ Lewis C. Minor, M. D., 
 Omees. — Geo. C. Baker, 
 
 Jasper K. Corxixo, ^^- ^ ^""^ ^- ^' 
 
 Jauks Bell, 
 
 TransU.—Y.. Richardson, i'uW.cofton.-Rcv. II. Dter, 
 
 Jasper V.. Corning, George C. Bakeb, 
 
 G. II. Sieuon. Tueodore Bxkxs. 
 
 i
 
 IJ E P O R T. 
 
 The germinating process of vegetation, while, that the most 
 hidden from view, at the same time constitutes witliin itself 
 the vital element of the future plant. Such has been the cha- 
 racter of the operation of this Society during the past, the 
 first year of its existence. In the review, while something 
 will be found to have been accomplished, yet much time and 
 labor have been necessarily expended in surveying the field 
 and maturing plans for the future. In the prosecution of 
 their duties in this respect, the Board of Managers have been 
 strongly impressed, not only with the extent of the field, but 
 also with the absolute necessity of immediate, decisive, and 
 energetic action in connection with it. In presenting this their 
 first Annual Report, they think it proper to give a brief his- 
 tory of the Society, referring to tne principal causes which 
 have led to its existence. 
 
 Ever}' fresh arrival at this port, of the immigrant popula- 
 tion, added to the numerous and cruel frauds and impositions 
 practised upon them. Scarce a day pa.sscd without some 
 notice in the public prints of the manner in which they be- 
 came the dupes of designing and unprincipled men. Facts 
 thus made known had for a long time pained the friends of 
 humanity in our city. The attention of the Legislature of 
 this State was at length called to the subject, and laws for the 
 protection of the emigrant were from time to time passed. 
 Finally, the Board of Commissioners of Emigration was 
 created, whose business it should be to take the charge of 
 these strangers on their arrival, minister to their wants, and 
 shitld them from the many perils to which they were exposed; 
 and it was hoped and expected that this Board, by its practical
 
 6 • FIRST ANNUAL REPORT. 
 
 opcmtions in the exercise of the power with which it was 
 clotlieil, and by causing to be enforced the Kiws in exi.stenee, 
 combined with the clforts of existing national benevolent 
 societies, would constitute an eftcctual remedy for existing 
 evils. But in spite of protection-laws, and the appointment 
 of men clotlied with all authority to execute those laws, the 
 most shameful robberies, extortions, and wrongs were still 
 penietrated upon the defenseless stranger almost daily and 
 witli impunity. These outrages, as from time to time they 
 reached the public eye and ear, shocked the feelings of the 
 humane, and caused the blush of shame to mantle the cheek 
 of the lover of his country. To know that in this land where 
 God was recognized and his word proclaimed — a land claim- 
 ing equality with the highest in rank among the nations of 
 the earth, for civilization and Christianization — human beings, 
 driven from their own homes by suffering or oppression, should 
 be subjected to treatment that would shame the savage, might 
 well awaken feelings of the most painful character in the 
 American bosom. For, as American citizens, we are proud of 
 our country, her institutions, her extent, her unlimited re- 
 sources, and her national hospitality; proud of our ancestry, 
 who opened wide the portals to this land, and breathed forth 
 an invitation to oppressed and sulVcring humanity of all lands, 
 saying, "Come with us and wc will do thee good;" and 
 when they came, gave them a warm and hearty welcome ; re- 
 membering themselves, the victims of oppression and wrong in, 
 and driven from, their own land, and that here, strangers in a 
 strange land, the untutored children of the forest to which 
 they had fled for refuge, had given them a kindly reception, 
 they did not, nor would we, their children, forget the lessons 
 of their early history. We would practise as well as inherit 
 their virtues, and by so doing reap the ever-sure reward of 
 corrett action, advancement to wealth and power as a nation, 
 in time to come as in times past. With a country withoufe a 
 parallel for extent, varict}' of climate, soil, production, and re- 
 sources undeveloped, institutions better adapted to ameliorate 
 the condition of humanity, elevate man in his moral and so- 
 cial condition, and constitute him what God has created him, 
 an intelligent and responsible being, with an opportunity for 
 the full and free development of his moral ana intellectual 
 powers, may the day be far distant when we shall fail to 
 respond truly and heartily to the sentiment of our revered and 
 beloved Washington, the inspired Father of his Country, who 
 said: "T/je bosom of America is open to receive not only the ojndent 
 and respectable stranger, but the oppressed and persecuted of all 
 nations and of all religions, ivhoni we shall tcelcome to a partici-
 
 FIRST ANNUAL REPORT. 7 
 
 pation in all riglits and privi'-- • " It is one tl'-" ■>■' 'vf»ver, 
 to throw open the doors of , uility, and t[u r to 
 
 exercise its rites. In the latter, just regard is ever to be had 
 to the rank, position, and capacity of the c: as well 
 
 as to the character of the guests ; and tlio ii • - <>. n >pitulity 
 always can and ever should be exercised !^o ;us that no injury 
 can nos.'-il-lv accrue to cither party, but the greatest possible 
 comfort, enjoyment, and advantiige to both. Apprehension of 
 hidden or future evils growing out of the incoming of these 
 str " "Ts into our midst, should not bo pcrmitied to contra- 
 v> ' just and full exercise of these ntes, or incline us to 
 
 close the door to immigration. The tide of humanity, as it 
 ebbs and flows from and to diflercnt and distant j)arts of the 
 globe, is under a far dilVorcnt intluence and control than that 
 of mere material agency ; and to whatever point it may be 
 largely directed at any given period, thereby is indicated some 
 great and wise purpose of Divine Providence. 
 
 That tide, ihcrclbre, which has set into this country for the 
 last ten years, must by no means be regarded as a national 
 calamity,' but rather in this light: that our geographical posi- 
 tion, our unlimited capacity for population, and last, not least, 
 our free institutions, have well adapted this land to become the 
 honored instrument in the hand of Providence for the accom- 
 plishment of purposes of intinite wisdom and beneficence, in 
 regard to man s future. But, regarding the matter in the light 
 of mere self-interest, the duty of caring for these strangers on 
 their arrival is obvious. introduced labor and pecuniary 
 wealth, capable of immediate availability, contribute to 
 national prosperity ; but both must be immediately appro- 
 priated on introduction, and thus rendered available, or other- 
 wise they become a national curse. Labor unemployed, and 
 money expended upon the gratification of human appetites 
 and passions, tend to demoralize and ruin. 
 
 But more than this, idleness is the parent of vice. An un- 
 employed population is, in proportion to its amount, emphati- 
 cally a curse to the community in which it is found. Poverty, 
 thanks to our institutions, is not a crime, nor is it necessarily 
 an evil, unless temporarily. It may be regarded as the boast 
 of America, that it is the poor man's country. It is not until 
 poverty sinks down to pauperism that it becomes an object of 
 dread ; and it is an object naturally so foreign to our country, 
 as well as in itself so rejjulsiyc and mischievous, that its pre- 
 vention and removal should awaken the liveliest concern 
 among all good citizens. 
 
 It can not be doubted that the main cause of this unhapiiy 
 condition of a largo portion of our emigrant population is
 
 8 FIRST ANNUAL REPORT. 
 
 found in the ncgloct, to a grc.it extent, of the duties towards 
 lia-sc strangers which this Society proposes to di:^eharge, 
 namely, to protect them from fraud and imposition, procure 
 for tliom temporary accommodations, and direct them to suit- 
 able ])laces of settlement in the country. Nor has the evil 
 resulting from a failure to discharge these duties been confined 
 to that population alone ; but it lias given rise to a constant 
 accumulation of unproductive labor, increased demand for 
 food to which supply is not equal, and c lontly unpre- 
 
 cedented high jirices of provisions; cxorbii....: . uts and taxes 
 increased year by year; and by the latter is meant not alone 
 the public tax, but also the calls of private charity, not the 
 least onerous ; a disregard of law, and rapid ii of crime. 
 
 These evils existed — had been a long time ol ... a and felt. 
 The question aro.se as to the remedy. Legislation had at- 
 tempted it in two several instances by the creation of bodies 
 of men. In the first instance, legalizing the office of runner 
 intended originallv for great good; and then by the creation 
 of the Board of Commissioners of Emigration ; again by law3 
 enacted for the protection of the emigrant ; but all these 
 several in - only tended to show that 1 ' ve enact- 
 
 ments, emu.w i.i-.-od by party bias or individua. .lii .est, in re- 
 gard to all subjects, fall far short of the object aimed at, or, 
 becoming perverted in their practical application, are rendered 
 useless in their operation. National benevolent societies, based 
 upon the most philanthropic and generous plans, acting in 
 their isolated capacity, found themselves unequal to the task. 
 
 Under these circumstances it was deemed advisable to 
 attempt the formation of a distinct voluntary organization, 
 which might take the subject into consideration, and see if 
 some plan could not be devi.^ed whereby the evils complained 
 of might be more fully remedied, acting in concert with exist- 
 ing organizations, and availing themselves of instrumentalities 
 already at hand. This Society was therefore organized on the 
 first of March, 18o4, and the following were the objects pro- 
 posed : 
 
 To nolifv the emigrant, ) previous to his embarkation, of the 
 existence and aims of the Society, so as to prevent him from 
 becoming the dupe of designing parties when he comes here. 
 
 To direct emigrants to places of abode while in the city, 
 where they may be secure from imposition and plunder. 
 
 To furnish legal and pecuniary aid to those who have been 
 the victims of oj^pression and fraud. 
 
 To obtain information as to the different sections of the 
 country suitable for settlement, and the demand for labor.
 
 FIRST ANNUAL REPORT. 9 
 
 To prepare full and accurate instructions as to the various 
 inland rouicvs and modes of transit, and to forward emigrants 
 to any part of the country by the best and cheapest convey- 
 ance. 
 
 To iiuiurc   it.s to j>r()cccd to the country, and to 
 
 direct them to ... ;.. '.st suital)le localities. 
 
 To furnish drafis and jia^sage-tickets for their friends in the 
 old country, and thus prepare them for frauds and imposi- 
 tion. 
 
 In the pro.secution of its objects, the Society has had diffi- 
 culties to contend with, other than those connected with its 
 field of operation. The dcj^rivation at an early day of the 
 valuable services of Doctor I. P. ].,itchlield, its first general 
 agent, and whose active and valuable services had contributed 
 not a little towards the organization of the Society, and this, 
 too, before the elements had been reduced to practical opera- 
 tion, on account of ill-health ; the sickness which prevailed 
 here during the past season driving from the city the great 
 body of those wuo could cfiectually sympathize with and 
 aid its operations, and the derangement and almost ui)])aral- 
 leled stringency of the money market, were among them. 
 
 These were the days of gloom and darkness ; but relying 
 upon the goodness of the cause, your Board faltered not, and 
 it is pleasant to record the providential procurement at this 
 time of the sevices of one who has been for a long time identi- 
 fied with this particular department of philanthropic action. 
 
 The Rev. D. R. Thomason, the present General Agent of the 
 Society, very soon after it was deprived of the active services 
 of Dr. Litchfield, was brought into contact with the Board, and 
 his long experience and consequent knowledge of the subject, 
 his activity, energy, and intelligent zeal in the pro.secution of 
 the business of the Society, so displa3'ed his peculiar qualifi- 
 cations for the ofiice of General Agent, that he was selected to 
 fill the vacancy occurring by Dr. Litchfield's withdrawal. 
 
 The progress of the Society has been slowly but steadily 
 onward. In the development of its plan of organization it 
 has divided its duties among .seven standing committees, who 
 discharge their several functions and make their report at the 
 monthly meetings of the Executive Board. The first is, the 
 Committee on Agency to which is allotted the task of selecting 
 and appointing suitable agents bcilh at home and abroad, as.-^ign- 
 ing the duties of these agents and directing their operations. 
 During the past year there have been made only two appoint- 
 ments abroad, to wit, that of Charles A. Jov, Esq., corresponding 
 agent for the continent, and that of Mr. Eleazer Jones, general
 
 10 FIRST ANNUAL REPORT. 
 
 :i ■lit of the Society for the Kincr<lom of Great Britain, re- 
 .-, i.iig at Liverpool. In both these appoiutineiits the Board 
 111 1 that the Society has groat rea.son to fehcitate itself, for to 
 both i.s the subject-matter in relation to which it is constituted 
 OIK- of deep interest; and what is of some importance to it at 
 th." present time, they constitute no pecuniary charge to the 
 S .ciety. The importance of the office filled by Mr. Joy is 
 manifested by a recent communication from him, from which, 
 ;i.s a matter of importance as well as interest, the following ex- 
 tracts arc made: 
 
 "In one of the leading States in Southern Germany, an emigrant agency 
 and the Amtricnn Contntnte are in the same building, and the Consul is the 
 brother of the agent Both are Jews, and one served a long apprci;' 
 as an 'oldclo'' dealer in Chatham street, New-York. It would jii _, 
 
 be impossible to prove that the Consul is directly engaged in the emigrant 
 trade, as he is too cunning to be easily trapped ; but still he might be asked 
 who attends to the emigrant business during the absence of his brother. A 
 brother consul in an adjoining State stands in the .same equivocal position. 
 These two consuls wield an immense power, and if they could resist the 
 temptation of making a fortune by insisting upon having their 'pound of 
 flesh,' they couM effect more good than many protective societies combined; 
 but human nature is weak, and before a new administration turns them out 
 their fortunes will be made. A suspicion is thus unintentionally thrown by 
 our government upon honest societies, and benevolent efforts are often ren- 
 dered nugatory." He says further: ''I was constantly imjiressed, during 
 my journey, with the importance of your having * suitable' agents and cor- 
 respondents at the principal emigration ports of Europe, and at some of 
 the inland town.*." In regard to the character of guests that seek our hospi- 
 tality, the following extract will not be without its importance at the pre- 
 sent time : "Some of the German States may formerly have been guilty of 
 sending their convicts to the United States, but that this is still done to any 
 extent is not at all probable. Another practice is, hoirerfr, rerij common in 
 Germini/, and that is the sending of paupers to America. The authorities 
 regard this as a cheap way of getting rid of the nurplus pnp'ihition. The 
 passages of such paupers as are willing to emigrate are paid, and thus the 
 poor-houses are cleared out on the one side of the .\tlantic to be filled up on 
 the other; a species of transfer of title to which we mii^ht rea.<onal>ly 
 object." The following item of personal experience in tlic same communi- 
 cation is rich in suggestion as well as in instruction : " They arc very 
 careful that none of these should be returned to them, as the following will 
 show. Recently, when in IJerlin, I had a polite invitation to visit the com- 
 missary of police. This worthy was anxious to know who [ was, whence I 
 came, whither I was going, what was my occupation, how long I intended 
 remaining in town, whether I had been there before, and whether I was 
 really an .Xmcrican and not a <'iennan. One question usually askcl "n 
 such occasions was omitted, namely, IIow much money have you al" it 
 yoaf It is thus the Prussian government protects itself from unacceptable 
 em; "■* . and no one dare take offense at being a.sked the roost extraordi- 
 nar , >tis by the police." .\gtin, in regard to the impositions prac- 
 
 tised upon emigrants on shipboard, that thev may become the more easy 
 victims here, he says : "Emigrants on this side .should be informed of their 
 riirhts on ship-board. They are often under the impres.sion that the cap- 
 I throw them overboard the moment they reach the port, and this 
 I -s the runners."
 
 FIRST ANNUAL REPORT. 11 
 
 Ai^eiits have also been a]>pr>iiitc(l in dilVerent ])ATis of our 
 own country. Many of these have been of an lionorary cha- 
 racter, of gentlemen of wealth and stantling in society, to 
 whom the Society, in ita objects and plans of operation, has 
 commended itself; but there are others of a different and more 
 positive character. 
 
 2. The Committee on Transit, which has charge of the .sub- 
 ject of the dilferent routes of conveyance, with the fares. 
 Much difficulty and embarrassment have attended the opera- 
 tions of this Committee during tlie past year from the very in- 
 timate relations existing between the dillerent railroad and 
 transportation companies, and forwarding firms and their 
 .'igenta. Under the law passed at the la.st session of the I>.*gis- 
 lature, it is hoped and expected that the duties of this Com- 
 mittee will be less onerous and more cft'ective. 
 
 3. The Committee on Offices. This Committee in the dis- 
 charge of their duties, in the first instance, selected two offices, 
 one at 27 Greenwich street, and the other at 130 Ninth street. 
 So rapidly had the business of the Society progressed, that in 
 October last it was found that the rooms at 130 Ninth street 
 were too small, and their present rooms in the Bible House 
 were selected and taken. On the suggestion and request of 
 some friends in Brooklyn, an office has been taken there, which 
 is now ready for the transaction of business. The rules and 
 regulations adopted for the management of these offices have 
 been well adapted to the promotion of the objects of the So- 
 cietv, and have met with general approval. The establishment 
 of these offices, however, is a mere incident in the great work 
 which this Society has laid out for itself, and intended as a 
 means for furnishing immediate employment to the incom- 
 ing labor. It is the great aim and object of the Society to 
 have them .so conducted, that both the employer and the em- 
 ployee shall have a sure guarantee of the protection of their 
 respective rights in all respects. 
 
 4. Committee on Protection. This Committee has had its 
 attention called to several instances of im{)osition, but in 
 consequence of the imperfection of the laws passed for his 
 protection, the suifering emigrant has been compelled to endure 
 the finst loss, rather than subject himself to a greater, in an 
 attempt at redress. Apathy on the part of the administration 
 of the city government, whether arising from party or indivi- 
 dual interest and influence, had rendered laws passed with the 
 intent, of the originator and the I>egislature en: ••••■' them, to 
 protect the emigrant, nugatory, and thus they cv . atly had 
 become a dead letter ; and it was with no less surprise than pure 
 satisfaction, that this Committee hailed the announcement made
 
 12 FIIIST ANNUAL REPORT. 
 
 to the Commissioners of Emigration, by tlic Hon. Fernando 
 Wood, our present able and olUcient Mayor, that it was his in- 
 tention to ."^ee the exi.sting laws enlorcod. Scarcely, however, 
 had this feeling of satisfaction an opportunity of expressing 
 itself, before tiie astounding intelligence that a bill was being 
 introduced into the liCgislature to repeal the only portion of 
 the laws in existence which iiad any ell'cct in them, for the pro- 
 tection of the helpless stranger, and thus deprive the executive 
 of the city of all power in the premises, was announced in the 
 public prints. On learning this fact, the Committee were con- 
 strained to bring the subject before your Board for its consider- 
 ation, and it resulted in a reference of the subject to a commit- 
 tee, consisting of the Corresponding Secretary of the Society, 
 and General Agent, for the purpose of memorializing the Ijcgis- 
 lature in opposition to the proposed law, and the result was its 
 defeat. (See Appendix No. 1.) While the Committee from this 
 Society were watching the course of legislation, in respect to 
 the first proposed law, another was introduced, ostensibly for the 
 protection of immigrants. Tliis law as first proj^oscd, although 
 denominated An Act for the Protection of Immigrant Second 
 Class and Steerage Passengers, yet in the form as originally 
 proposed, the more fully rendered the emigrant a prey to the 
 transportation companies; amendments, however, were intro- 
 duced so that on its fina4 passage it had some valuable features 
 in it, and particularly that section which makes the sworn state- 
 ment of the party sufVering imposition testimony in the case, 
 thus avoiding the necessity of his spending weeks, perhaps 
 months, here in order to bring the perpetrator of the wrong to 
 justice. It is with extreme regret tnat it was found impossible 
 to procure an amendment to the bill, forbidding under heavy 
 penalty all persons from selling inland passage-tickets, except 
 those duly authorized by the railroad and transportation com- 
 jianies, and then holding those companies directly responsible 
 for the acts of their agent,*?, although ably urged by our highly 
 respected member of the Hou.se, Jlon. liobert Coleman. One 
 other point was, however, secured, which it is hoped may result 
 in some further good in this direction, to wit, the appointment of 
 a committee of investigation into existing evils in connection 
 with this subject, and the remedies required. The thanks of this 
 Society are due to our distinguished Senator from this city, 
 Hon. JEriLStus Brooks, under whose consideration this subject 
 came, as chairman of the committee to whom it was from time 
 to time referred, for the prompt and kind attention given, and 
 earnest desire manifested to ])romote whatever action was 
 necessary to protect the emigrant. Before leaving this subject, 
 your Board would call the attention of the Society to the letter
 
 FIRST ANNUAL RKPOllT. 13 
 
 of their agent, Mr. Fiiullav, sliowing treatment of emigrant 
 passeniTcrs in railroails. (Sec Documont No. 4.) 
 
 5. Coinmiitee on Kinuloyinoiit. To beoomo an establi.shed 
 and reliable medium of communication between the demand 
 and supply of labor in ditterent parts of the countrv, and thus 
 furnish employment and homos lor the nnonijiloyed and desti- 
 tute here in the city, is a leading object of this Society. The 
 growth of pauperism in this and in all our sea-board cities, has 
 been for years alarmingly rapid, but during the pa.st winter it 
 has assume*.! L'igaiitic tlimensioiis; most careful estimates .«;how 
 that more than one hundred and lifly thou.sand persons have 
 been in a condition of pauperism, and have received aid from 
 
 fmblic and private charity ; and the amount of over half a mil- 
 ion of dollars has been expended. It is not within the limits of 
 a report like this, to trace out all the evils incident to such a con- 
 dition. One thing is, however, certain. Nothing so tends to stifle 
 the spirit of self-dependence and consequent self respect, para- 
 lyze personal eftbrt, and to sink into moral debasement, as to be 
 the recipient of either public or private charity — and in pro- 
 portion to the amount of such charity and extent of time in 
 which it is received, will be the above elfect produced. This 
 Ck)mmittee, from the many calls made upon the Society, felt con- 
 strained to take immediate and elficient action in connection 
 with this subject, and to open up fields for, and to distribute 
 into them, this redundant labor, and it has been a matter of seri- 
 ous thought to them, and the efforts to accomplish it have been 
 in some degree commensurate with the importance of the object. 
 
 Their first task being to ascertain where labor was wanting, 
 under direction of the Board a circular letter (see Appendix, 
 Document No. 2) was published ; answers to this circular 
 poured in from all quarters of the countrv, demonstrating that 
 openings existed for all the unemployed industrious poor of 
 our city. 
 
 The next step was to prepare a feasible, practical plan for 
 sending out the unemployed ; around this, many difhculties 
 clustered. The employer was unwilling to advance the neces- 
 sary expense; the employee unable; the Society, in its infancy, 
 incapable. To secure, as far as possible, a middle ground on 
 whieh all might meet, was an elVort which engaged for some 
 time the anxious attention of the Committee, and after various 
 experiments, a plan was adopted and has thus far worked well. 
 (See Appendix, Document No. 8.) 
 
 It luLs, however, been matter of deej) regret to the Board, 
 that funds more adequate to the wants of this interesting de- 
 partment of their labors had not been placed at their command. 
 It is not too much to say that had the one half which has been
 
 14 FIRST ANNUAL REPORT. 
 
 expended in public charity to feed the poor in idleness in this 
 citv, durini; the p:ust season, been appr*)priatod to sending fami- 
 lies >vho wiTc desirous of going to places whore they were 
 really wanted, where by honest and useful labor they could 
 have fed and clothed tucmselves, an incalculable amount of 
 good would liave been accomplished both for the city and the 
 country. To this important field of its opcration.s, it is the 
 intention of the Society to direct its best energies, and to ap- 
 propriate all the funds it can po.ssibly spare, convinced that 
 should it do nothing else, it will ])r<»vc a public benefaction. 
 During the past year the Soeiety has furnished employment to 
 and sent into the country, 47b2 persons. The Board would 
 here remind the Society, that its active operations hardly com- 
 menced before fall. 
 
 6. Finance Committee, having charge of all the various 
 sources of income, and the direction of the expenditures of 
 the Society, has during the past year met witli many discour- 
 agements, while at the same time, it has also had its encourage- 
 ments from the general favor which the Society has met with, 
 where its objects and plans have been made known and assist- 
 ance has been sought. It has been the object of this Committee 
 in all its arrangements to constitute the Society, as far as prac- 
 ticable, a sflj\siu^(ainin'j institution. This for the first two or 
 three years, it will be impossible, from past and present expe- 
 rience, to do; but it is believed to be both policy and principle 
 to attempt and if possible accomplish it. A serious error in 
 the public mind has been too long entertained, which limits 
 charity to mere alms-giving; that is undoubtedly the truest 
 charity to the poor, which in aiding at the same teaches them 
 to help themselves, thereby encouraging in them the desire of 
 independence, bringing them up to the business princii)le of 
 payment for value received, and relieving them of a sense of 
 self-degradation, and placing them on a level with the benefactor. 
 In all cases of money advanced to pay expenses of reaching 
 situations in the interior, the appropriation has been made as a 
 loan and not a gift. It is a subject of serious consideration 
 with the Board, whether or not this principle should be further 
 applied to all who seek the services of the Society : so far as 
 city domestics are concerned, this rule has been necessarily 
 applied for the protection of the employer, and with manifest 
 good cftect to the employee. 
 
 The revenue of the Society is received from : 
 
 1. Annual subscriptions and donations from citizens. 
 
 2. Office fees from employers and employees. 
 
 3. Commissions from the sale of Atlantic and inland j^as- 
 sage-tickets.
 
 FIRST ANNUAL REPOllT. 15 
 
 Should the Society be prospered, it is li"i<il that in time 
 the income from tlie two h^st sources will mccl i\\o current ex- 
 penses of the Society, so that all contributions made by citi/ens 
 will go to assist families and persons into the country. 
 
 The receipts of the Society during the past year, as will 
 appear bv the report hereto annexed, have been $7822.07, and 
 the expenditures, .572i)0.S8. Many cxpen.ses which the Society 
 has been compelled to undergo during tlie pastycar, will not have 
 to be again incurred. The Board would here gratefully record 
 the kind remembrnnce of this Society, by the committee selected 
 to distribute the fund so munificently aoproj^rlated by tho.se 
 accomplished artists, Grisi and Mario, to charitable uses during 
 the past season, through which it was in the receipt of five hun- 
 drea dollars, by the hands of J. E. Williams, Esq. ; and also 
 a donation from the Fifteenth Ward Kclief As.sociation, by the 
 hands of B. Livingston Kipp. Esq., of seventy-five dollars. 
 
 7. Committee on Publication. This Committee, under direc- 
 tion of the Board, has caused to be prepared a lithograph en- 
 graving, as a diploma for members, and certificate for agents. 
 The device is ai)propriatc, and as a work of art reflects credit 
 on Saroni k Meyer, the artists. They have also superintended 
 the publication of the various documents issued by the Society. 
 
 In conclusion, the Board can not but congratulate the Society 
 on the progress which it has made during the past year, and 
 the success which has thus far crowned its eflbrls. The pro- 
 priety of its existence has been recognized in high jilaces, as 
 well as among all ranks of business life. It has the indorse- 
 ment of the Governor of this State, as well as that of our worthy 
 and honored Mayor. (See Document No. 5.) It has received 
 the official sanction of nearly, if not quite all, of the representa- 
 tives of foreign countries residing in our city, as also of many 
 of our leading citizens, clergymen, and others. It is true that 
 it has met with opposition, and from quarters where it was least 
 anticipated, but the causes of it have been ascertained ; time will 
 probably ap])ly a remedy. Without question the Society is en- 
 gaged in a great, good, and noble work, eiicomj)assed indeed at 
 present with many and formidable difficulties, but by a proper 
 distribution of labor among — a faithful, harmonious action on 
 the part of, the member^ of the Board ; by vigilance and care 
 on the j)art of the officers; an active, prompt, faithful di.scharge 
 of dutv on the part of the agents of the Society, each in his 
 appropriate sphere ; receiving the continued countenance and 
 support of our fellow-citizens, to which we now appeal, by tho 
 blessing of God, success is certain. 
 
 May, 1855. Moktimku Dk Motik, 
 
 Correspond infj ikcrdary.
 
 ANNUAL STATEMENT. 
 
 i: 
 
 c -)< c^ c: o o o o CI >o 
 
 L" — -" tP ■— i O CI O 00 CI 
 
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 - <n o -3 
 
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 1 2:1 Hi I 
 
 ri fill II 
 
 
 I o 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 «*■ '«-' 
 
 
 
 
 
 -:g 
 
 
 •5 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 op 
 
 
 ^ » 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •25 
 
 
 .St3 
 
 
 p a 
 
 
 v<-o 
 
 
 d a 
 
 
 es 
 
 
 
 
 
 > *r 
 
 
 2§ 
 
 
 08 
 
 
 ^% 
 
 
 n ® 
 
 
 
 t: 
 
 00 
 
 . ^ 
 
 
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 ^•1 
 
 ;^ 
 
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 >* 
 
 •0 § 
 
 is 
 
 
 
 I
 
 I
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 Title. — Tliis Association shall bo known by tho title of The America^ au<» 
 Foreign Emigrant Protective and Employment Socictj. 
 
 ARTICLE IL 
 
 Objects. — 1. The objects of tho Society shall bo to protect Emigrants from fraud 
 and imposition ; to afford lla-m advice anil legal and pecuniary aid ; to provide them 
 wit' icconimodations; to procure for them employment, and direct them 
 
 to .- . < ot seltlenioiit in the country. 
 
 2. I'ur ihe accomplishraeut of theeo objects, the Society shall establish a Central 
 Office in New-York, and other Offices in said city and elsewhere, as may become ex- 
 pedient; employ a General Agent, with such assistants as may be required; estab- 
 lish Agencies and Correspondence at the principal emigration ports of Europe, and 
 at the princijial points along tho great thoroughtires of travel in thid country, and 
 promote tho formation of Auxiliary Societies. 
 
 ARTICLE m. 
 
 MraiBEBS. — 1. An annual contribution of Ten Dollars or upwards shall constitute 
 any person who shall subscribe to tliis Constitution a member of tho Society. 
 2. A donation of My dolhuv shall constitute tho donor a Life Member. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 Officem, etc.— 1. Tlio Officers of tl»o Society shall bo a President, two or more 
 Vice-PresidentB, a Corresponding Secretary, a Recording Secretary, and a Treasurer, 
 who shall be elected at the Annual Mt cling. There shall also bo elected at tho 
 Annual Meeting not less than twenty-live members not officers of tho Society, to 
 constitute a Hoard of Directors; and . •ntccn otlier members who, 
 
 with the Uflicvrs of the .Society, shall . of MaiiaK(.r.i. 
 
 2. A donation of one hundred dolhu - :.:ui > :.-uiuie the donor a Life Director 
 of tho Society. 
 
 3. Tho Board of DiroctorB and the Roard of Managers respectively sltall fill their 
 own t:i • iinU>R.s they slinll \>c Jillod at a sjK-cial nuiting of the Soc-iety. 
 
 4. 1; 8 of the bociety shall pi.rlbrm such duiic-s as by tho By-Laws tlioy 
 may bo dir(.«.i.a.
 
 20 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 6. The nSffctora of tho Jvx-iotj- shall hnvo ft ffonornl Bxiporvis- • opcra- 
 
 iJoQg; -c I •■i'«au|x)n its na-ounts; and propose s>ich a 5 in iU 
 
 Ifgol.V ,nl afl mny to them Boom expedient. They may OHact their 
 
 own 1 -"ity wiUi'Uiia C<jnstitution, and shall keep a record of their 
 
 g rnl manftpcmcnt 
 
 q{ ■^^J^ 1 ,..;: : its organi/Jition 
 
 M set forth in Article II. of this Constitution. They chall enml IJy-lAws for the 
 Society, and o" - ' r themselves, not in conflict with tlioso of the Board of Di- 
 rectoni: and t . keep n record of their proceedings, which shall bo open at 
 
 ,11 til •-.   f til   l'":ird of I>iroclors. 
 
 7. N .; 1^-. r .1 Wit Society sliall receive any pecuniary compenaa- 
 Uon whatever lor his scnr-ices. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 QsxcRAL AOEWT, ETC— 1. Thcro shall be elected at the Annual Mooting of tho 
 Pocietv, a General Agent, whoso duties and compensation shall bo determined by 
 tlie Board of Manapera. 
 
 2. Tlu' '" -1 may fill tho vacancy occasioned by the death, rcaipnation, or re- 
 mo'val of • ral .Vpent, except it be filled at a ppecial meeting of the Society. 
 But, in case of removal, tho vacancy shall not bo filled until the expiration of ten 
 days, within which time the General Apent shall have the privilcpe of appealing to 
 Uie Board of Directors, who may either confirm his removal or reinstate him in office. 
 
 3. The General Apent may meet with tho Managers at their discretion, but he 
 aball not bv virtue of his office be entitled to any vote. 
 
 4 \i ' r duties for the Recording Secretary than 
 
 thoeo , nsalion to be mutually agreed upon; but 
 
 the Reo'v rotary siiail not b© entitled to any vote upon matters in which he 
 
 may be p*.;-^.......^ interested. 
 
 ARTICLE \J. 
 
 Usrnscs.—'Uxo Annual Meeting of tho Society shall be held on the first Monday 
 in May of p.nch vear. A special meeting shall be called by tho President at the 
 written r '" five Directors or Managers, or of any twenty-five members of the 
 
 Society. members shall constitute a quonim. 
 
 2. the Directors shall meet annually on the Monday next f 'he last Mon- 
 day in April, for tho purposes set forth in Article II. of this t . )n. and pre- 
 pare a Report to be submitted at the Annual Meeting of tho Society. They shall 
 also meet in speci-il session at tho call of the President, or at the written request of 
 any five mem»)er8 of their own Board. Ten members shall form a quorum for the 
 tran.saction of bu.«ines.H. 
 
 3. Tho Managers shall meet at least once in each month at regular intervalu, and^ 
 in special sessions, as they may deem expedient, excepting that tho Pr^ 
 
 the Society or Chairman of the" Committee shall liave power to call them 
 at any tima Five Managers shall constitute a quorum. Directors shall have tho 
 
 ; of tho Managers, and of participating in diacuar 
 
 f • vote. 
 
 ARTICLE VIL 
 
 FLEmoyp.— Heclions r. .-s of th" shall be by ballot, and a ma- 
 
 jority of all the members y ' any mi- ^U bo necessary to elect to anj 
 
 ofBce. 
 
 ARTICLE Vin. 
 
 AcxTLiART SocnrnES. — Every A.-y^-x-iation rgt.ibli.shed as an auxiliary to this 
 most base its Con.«titution upon the principles of the parent Society, and submit a 
 copy with iU applicaUon. A majority of all tho Managers shall bo requisite for 
 tbe admiMion of any auxiliary Society.
 
 coNsrncTio.v. 21 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 Akkkdmextb. — TlitA ConstittitioQ may be altered or amended at anj meeting or 
 theSocu: '   •' • -■..■..,. . ',..f^. 
 
 tiona or -or 
 
 Manager- iiit7 bL»ii bo rvXcrrvti > ■i.Uuu Uj a buooci^uvul muvling 
 
 of Ibo &.
 
 A.I^3?ElSrDIX. 
 
 DOCUMENT No. 1. 
 
 The Board of Manapcre of tho American and Foreign Emigrant Protective and 
 
 p- ' - ... 1 -- . ••■'ly to memoriiUi/o your Honorable Body, on tho 
 
 t !>-owTicrs, consignees, masters, and commanders 
 
 of UA66t:ij.   '>f New-York, n' 
 
 to repeal i _   the graniiDg of ^ 
 
 of 8hi])8 by runners. 
 
 Your Memorialists can not but express their surprise and regret, that an effort 
 should have b<.-en made by any member of your Honorable Body, to remove from 
 til • .Swtute Book a section so esaeutial to the humane object contemplated by tlio 
 Act. 
 
 To the gurpri.«o of the friends of these poor   - on our •■• the 
 
 rf-pmach of the administrators of the law, this i>r the Act • rto 
 
 a . ad letter; and your Memorialists have hailed with the purest satisiuction and 
 
 J :-v !' n announcement recently made by the excellent Mayor of New-York, 
 
 t I i^sioners of Kmigration.' of his intention to revive and put in force tliia 
 
 Memorialist" ' " " " 1 regret, that any 
 
 :t a purpose .■• ■« an arm which 
 
 and liaehty to oflicial duty i d to in' • tween unprinci- 
 
 ^^..^ a cruel men and their defensek.-.: . . . ...is? "WL... • could prompt to 
 
 an eflbrt bo unworthy of humane men or just legislators ? The imposition and 
 wrongs inflicted on emigrants have long been the opprobrium of our city; and a 
 wish to wipe away the reproach, and relieve the friends of humanity of the painful 
 sympathy with these suflerers, has led to the organization of the Society, the officers 
 of which now address you. 
 
 Well might tlie victims of these outrages exclaim, as they liave been heard to 
 do: "Is it {Kjssible tliat wo have come to a Christian country?' Your Memorial- 
 ists will not t>ctupy the time of your Honorable Body by spreading out their com- 
 plaints, or multii ' csfiive of till': ' lin. To : '" •• 
 the act proiK>«'-'! :o ngainsl hi, i^^t of it- 
 and to c-on.*- . ul will 
 iif.; \k'.\\ sin.; ._. . ■-.- ;-..,..;-„ -i.iteunnt. 
 
 ■J at their last meeting. Tho in: . was obtained by U. 
 
 • 1 •-.-.. r — •! .• -, V 1 ' .....-.;. .J !■••_' and ei.;- ..... ..■ 
 
 who are agents of 
 
 tw. - : 
 
 1 :uigrant ship-owners or consignees are in the 
 
 hai ag permits to board ships, und take oil' tho passengers? Aiaucr. — 
 
 Ne-i. . . ...^ 
 
 2d'Ques. — What price is paid for these permits? Jm.— From twenty-flvo to 
 three hundred doUars.
 
 34 AJ'rt.NDix. 
 
 3J (^MML— Wbnt t* thf rxjx'no*' r>f ttikiag Iho pnwcnpore from a ship, and brinjr- 
 ing Uiom to ' ^w. — Wiifrtvs of "permit catcher," *1'"0 
 
 .^,, ,„..,, -I. „ . , , T hour, enpigeU from live to twelve hours ; 
 
 , hftniLi, Ihrco or four, $1 each ; and extras, say $10. 
 
 , • -• • • -- •' passengers, when landed, in the power of the 
 
 fyp . nco used over them ? Ans. — If they don't 
 
 Jo : ^x'. a licking : it ia a choice, botweoa submiasion 
 
 aod ■'• 
 
 5(A Vu^<. — I' to prevent this evil lie in the hands of Iho Mayor, or 
 
 • i-r . ,. , ^ ^...lion? Ana. — 1 do not know. All I know is, that it 
 
 .so, and still is. 
 
 ild not the pa-ssenpcra, by a combination amonj^ thomsolvca, beat 
 
 • Am.—U united, llicy might; but there are too many "stool- 
 
 pip- 
 
 7;. '^_, _ irco can the nmnors command, and how many aro engaged 
 
 againiit, say a ship of live or six hundntl pa.s.songers ? Aru. — That depends on Iho 
 numlH-r of ships coming in, say from 10 to 60 or 80. 
 
 6th Qu4f.:—Do you wish a stop to bo put to the practice? Ana. — Assuredly 1 
 do, iged in the busineaa. 
 
 9; ^ , ona :" how aro thoy obtained ? Ana. — By 
 
 men on the otiier ."uio. 
 
 lOth Ques. — What ia the nature of the influence they use 7 Ana. — They persuade 
 the poasengers to go with the runners, and tell them it's all right. 
 
 II th Ques. — "Wh.it is their reward? Ana. — They aro promised much, but get 
 but little, and sometimes get most fleeced ; sometimes arc forwarded to the interior 
 free. 
 
 Tho above notes were submitted to another party, also long and extensirely 
 eiigBg«d in tho forwarding business, by whom tho following correction and addition 
 were made. 
 
 l$t Qtiutitm, — Tti'> answer might have been, " Quito." 
 
 2d Quea. — ^ ' m $5'> given, except for tho season. 
 
 3d Quea. — • ;i liw low — should have been $20 to $30. The 
 
 extras would cover an acre of ground. Slcamboata cliargo 6t> cents or a dollar to 
 tho runner for permission to como on board. Runners aro paid from $15 to $60 
 per week, according to their powers of persuasion, or physical force. Their cost to 
 each railroad COD ts to an incredible sum. The annual amount paid by 
 
 one comimny, to . -o, I daro not mention. 
 
 DOCUMENT No. 2. 
 
 APDHKSS OF TIIK AMKlilCAN yVND FoTIFIGN EMf- 
 GKANT I'KoTFiTIVK vVNI) EMPLOYMENT SOCIETY 
 TO TIIK CITY AND COUNTHY PKI':SS. 
 
 T " ■.•■■■-. 
 
 oft: . . 
 
 and Iho large mtlux of foreign cm. ot the present adurvss. 
 
 W".. J...1 ..vo that you may ren . . ...., .. . . :,.:ice to us, in our efforts to 
 
 mil . evil, by enabling us to ascertain what openings yet exist for the 
 
 monii a:. . I'i-'r; - :i[.. ..: tl.i^ '. " • * ' - of our city population, both of 
 
 HB^^g^> Bi... !. :r. ■■!■ W. :ir. uom am many Inmlitios within 
 
 • rmaooable distance oi' ' 1 — 
 
 that at the present momei . igh- 
 
 boriog States, seriously inconvenienced for want of domestic help, while servant-
 
 APPENDIX. 2r> 
 
 gtr'- " ^' '.v-Tork, of ir ' ' .h.-iM t.-r, .-r ' ' ' i 
 
 to -Mtity i>f |i(u '.\. -i t . |ii', 
 
 agr. .».iii-»' ujIi :i--t- :ir •■ - 
 
 of ; .^r^• 1 :: ''^J .■. ': .:- . 
 
 or   : .-.MJity - -■i!.-i-'   a 
 
 of- ty. 
 
 \ Im. \v^   ;. ':..y ... V ' -     ' ••ri, to 
 
 •li' .•-••:.•■:.• -tnOW 
 
 ro.i . t: . :.■, ■:..-■■ 'S 
 
 wii. , .,...._. ... ...;.,..-;: ., m 
 
 demand, and tlio diflu-ultica which met the Socict -, will 
 
 return with increa* 1 ' - 
 
 Tliere is reason t that the supply of labor fumiahe'l by foreign emigra- 
 
 ished. The East. :iato and san- 
 
 - rage witli increa- year, will not 
 only ei. iliiinil produoe, but call thousanda to t lie battle- 
 field, wi. ...v. ...-> .-^vo. uur quiet shores, and engage in the occupations of 
 
 peaceful iiiiiii>.try. 
 
 We tlicn ■" ' . . • •■ > -tly request you to give a place 
 
 in your n-<\ In so doiiij,', you will impart a 
 
 three-fold ^'i>- -i- :in<l city taxes — the moans of an 
 
 indejieiidiiit ui. , . j • 'y*-'^ lud destitute poor — and 
 
 bonetit to thus.- wii.. need their 8er\'ice8. 
 
 Letters, j ' ' Iressed to the General Agent, Rev. D. R. Tiiomasox, 
 
 American I'. ty'a Rooms, 13 Astor Place. New-York, will bo promptly 
 
 - 11 or by letter may be mado at either of the 
 I ace, or "i" Greenwich .street. 
 
 bigucd on k)ehaii of liie bocieiy. Petku C<.>oi'Kii, J'rn.^iJfnf. 
 
 JloUTiMER Le Motte, Cjt. Secreicuy. 
 
 "SiB: I find in the Christian Advocate <fc Journal, of January 4th, 1855, an 
 article entitled, ' U.nemploykd L.\bor£B&' I would say that ours is an agricul- 
 tUHi'   - :i of the .Slate, and laborers are greatly neede<l for the various purposes 
 of 1 y ; also a Lirge number could be employed as house servants, if of the 
 
 right bUiiiip. 
 
 '• I prc->ume one thousand persons can find employment in this county alono 
 during lla- i^i'riii;;; now opening, among the rural population ; and if the Hartford 
 ± Grand llaiiiJs Railroad is put in construction, a very largo number will bo 
 required, in addition.'^ 
 
 "Dear Siu: I v.r.t.- to inquire whether it is the object of the American and 
 Foreign KiTii'.'^-Mnt .■^■"•i>-ty, to send lalx^rcrs any distance from the city of Kew- 
 Yoric, !• .'•\^ or any other of the Western Slates. If so, who is to pay the 
 
 experus- . i.-^>.'it:c, and how are wo to get them here ? We arc hero in tlio 
 
 We«t in great nei-d of both male and female lalx)r, esjKxially the latter. All the 
 poor girls of your city might have good homes and Cur wages, if they were scattered 
 tlirough our great West." 
 
 'I- ■: "•• ' -'. directed by yor- V Y -': ""-^ors to addresB you as Cor- 
 
 fet; of a moft noble < ; o and trust it may lxH.sjmo 
 
 • perui. Uur Wcst«^'m country .   • 
 
 spare, a too. You can not glut tl. .u-
 
 20 APPENDIX. 
 
 trr, iknr mnn> Ihnn roa could put out a brilliant flro will) wood — tho mora roii put 
 
 I '   :iud 
 
 t ' I in 
 
 • i I'rom I f New- York m lo35. binco 
 
 , .. !"v neiji. ; vsto come out hero to uie, and 
 
 ! them ci: t on their arrival; and now every one of 
 
 Iticoi ■" xhI farm^ worth from $300o to $70<>0 
 
 MCb. •'■" Now, liii.s is prc<i>^''ly wlmt will 
 
 rc«u!' lit. It is a ) t act to 
 
 ffi\i' . „' a few crack' log — ho 
 
 V for more, liut it is a nobler act to help them to tho nicanii 
 
 I -Ml. J noi engaged in mechanical work as well as farm- 
 
 ily Rovon men in my employ. Four of them have lat«ly 
 
 < !l me to 
 
 < . .ir.s, and 
 t years work lor me, as they have each of them 
 
 t;.. .-.- llicm good farms. I could at present employ one 
 
 more hand that understands tho work at an iron lathe, such as tufning and boring . 
 iron. In April, 1 ' " • mt five or six more mcchaniw, 8uch as wapon-makers or 
 joiners, and two i. hands. I can not well employ men that have famdies, 
 
 •a it is v< ' :'>rili(ir: •> live in. 1 am 
 
 paying $1 . . . .7I2 per 1. ' r farm-hands." 
 
 "riKin ?ii:; T notice In tho papers an oddrcss of tho American and Foreign 
 
 1 to tho city and country press, and feeling a deep intcro.ot in tho 
 
 V • r to our i-ouiitry. often in destitute ' -.1 
 
 1 • n the snlijeet, if by tli.'it means I c. ,, in 
 
 ' 'nt. S| Illinoi.s, is .tituaied near 
 
 1 i-<t of tl. t body of rich land in tho 
 
 woriii. brought under cultivation, ond would bo still 
 
 nuTi- .«io .. ... . [h male ond female, could l>c had. I have been 
 
 rc.oiding here for twenty-ono years, and have never seen a tinie that the demand 
 
 f     '^   than the supply. Tl   - I'liv, and 
 
 ^ !> eounty, is of ea.«y . ..,,([, from 
 
 ' ro in tho south ; and it you would send on 
 
 ' ^ .i to Springlicid, I have uo doubt but they 
 would all Qjid employment in a week." 
 
 DOCUMENT No. 3. 
 
 The Tlnnrd nf M.in.ncyrr!», aware of tho difflcultiea attending tho effort to tran.sfer 
 •y to tha**© ports of tho countr)- where it is needed, and 
 
 and as 
 ' - wiiich, 
 
 ' ;iy n licncvolent 
 
 !' , work that shall 
 
 • 'employee; that, mainly depending for 
 
 ' " ' ''■■ '-nntri but ions of the lieno- 
 
 ud their resounx;*, while, 
 f protecting 
 
 iLc t.Uii.lu>u.cLt U»u*tuill*M» tJiitii, lor the luuo bwuig, tend enugrants and others
 
 VPPENHII. 27 
 
 tlerir 'r,g otnployniciiu lo Umm who may •pply for iheir Mrrices uodor 
 
 one C'l ..g ttiTaiikjx.tufiiU : 
 
 iBt I poo tbe rwnitfnnw to Um SooMj, f iia •ecreditod agmt^ bj the 
 
 employer, of th« •moaat neoMBuy Ui airm . onaea of tnuuit ^ the peraoD 
 
 or peraoos sent, togethar with the u . of two dolUm 
 
 2d. Upon an ordor for « number ut in •• '--- 'vew 
 
 residing io the seme locality, going audi . br 
 
 the Stxietj, the ne— g« money, tagelli ut' «aob 
 
 employer, and hair of the exTxmstn o( U' ilan per 
 
 day, payment to be made • livery < i 
 
 A oonthbution of $2 wi.. ^....^^ Uio ^"ii- .., during the year. 
 
 Proprietors of hotels, boarding-bouaea, i tc, will bo expected 
 
 to ;«y $6 annually, and for all OTor twi ' 
 
 Fur the protection of the employer, ill .en (h)m the 
 
 employee^ of which the following is a copy : 
 
 New- York, , 185 
 
 TsoB ccrtifiee, that I liarc this day afiTocd to eerre in the ca]>ucity of 
 
 , for the oonaidoration of $ — per niontli. 
 
 It is also agreed that if I ahaU remaiu in my situation — montlis from tliia 
 
 date^ my traTelling expenses to sliall bo defrayed by my employer. 
 
 Otherwise, the amount shall be dAucleJ frotu my wages. 
 
 WnmsB, 
 
 In r^reoce to the ion, il sliould be all 
 
 p^-soQg go <">"^<"<^'l sli.^ : ..; ilie risk ol Uie c:.., . . ,. . ._. 1 be 
 
 taken to ; . «& The usual precaution is, to detain the luggage of tlie per- 
 
 son F ' \ of his or her arrival, or to forward it at the time as freight 
 
 dire*. r. 
 
 In aJdiiiuu to applications : 
 will be glad to be made acquai. . . 
 
 lawyers, clerks, surveyors, etc Aluuiiiii ; »tte, 
 
 t-, , ^.^-....Mug Secrclary. 
 
 DOCUMEN 1' No. 4. 
 
 Plaixfielo, "Well Co., IlL, 5fay 8, 1855. 
 
 Mt Dear Sir: Yours of April 25 is before me. 1 liavo also to acknowledge the 
 receipt of a Certificate of Agency, and a letter from Mr. Seymour, dated April 12. 
 On Saturday la.^^t I stnt you a check for $132, whicli I liope you will have ret-oivcd 
 safe. Will bo able lo send a htilo more when I get word from you alxiut Mr. 
 Fecney. 
 
 I do not find any willing to run the risk oi sending on money for servants, except 
 some that get a name of being very hard to servo. 
 
 Only two of the six Germans that came willi mo have worked at (arm labor 
 iK-foro comintf here : yet in New- York 1 understood that they had all been accus- 
 
 :i get $12 lo $IC a year, while the 
 
 r a year, and are as it is uul caey 
 
 lo leam a man tiiat can not ep' -ii. 
 
 Servant- •"■'■ ""' '< m-ti-.- .-,- ve been; yet quite a number of both men 
 
 and won y. 
 
 I am K ■'- crnp'-'^Traent lor all that call on you. Let 
 
 me knov. \'. jr^vr.-, a:. I I will try to help you to get work 
 
 fur them. 
 
 I do not understand vou a^v-mt fillintr up tlie "Transit Table," as I »eo uutliing 
 in the inclosed bill, '•. '.liat I can till. 
 
 We left foot of Duai... ...w. »; ^^ k P.M., Tuetklay, Marcli 2(i w.r.. three
 
 28 APPEN'DIX. 
 
 boon to Ptewoot; toeoinfnAdotiAn not very (pv"l, yet did not complain. I>»ft 
 Plcrmont at clorcn P.M.;   Dunkirk, Thuretlny. at six A.M. ; cars Rtioi; 
 
 plHllr of room ; air rery bwi, w ui !■ ^afvvi «mnk-. nii>l no ventilfttion ; good oct-om- 
 ■ndation at Dunkirk. Left at aix IM ;r \ • : •   the care likea lotof liog^ >ot 
 
 BO lurc« Qsed . • - 1 i i i. •" i'^ . .r- i • r Arrivi .1 :it Krii? nt ton P.M.; 
 
 ehan^tH) car« ■•• i- -- >^'r.' !■.-:• I m w.'- • i^.-'. ^ni'l t"W. "plciiiy 
 
 IQOf,. . < ^"t) in, when they wore far too full ; t!' n- \\<to Hvo cai ^ ; 
 
 tiro t..' ..- i ni.iUi; next two, quite a number in the i)as.«ngos; the hi'i 
 
 u f-.i.l «.■< ; cram, raon, women, and children ; the erica of uomo of the child- 
 
 ren   '^ r a little, sleep got the better of tlio««o in the paaaagea, 
 
 m, I o lloor a* h«>«t they could. A few hotirs in the night 
 
 w-cro .« I. the air was very bad; it Bmcll 
 
 ^ . a thous 1 . •, thnt I have been in ; day-time it 
 
 ira.<ialii' vet very bad; were in that crowde<l state more than twelve 
 
 hvin«, A.uw . ai hoveland. Tuwiday, ten A-M. ; left at eight P.M.; all got seats. 
 Arr.v.Hi at Toledo, Saturday morning, at two o'clock; stopped eight houre; no 
 pi ii-.> f..r thf«H? to stop in who had not means, or could not go and pook a place to 
 1 i.- V-.t a siii.'ill r«xim with a bench round the wait ; it wnu fillwi ns full a.^ it 
 
 '..1 ot.imiing ; after a little, sleop and ' . 
 
 * ... •■ e rest got down on tlie floor, on top , 
 
 in a t ; the crying of some of the chiliifch wa.s enough to touch a heart 
 
 of sto-,>. I lu'ir mothers wero quite worn out with fatigue, want of sleep, and 
 want of room ; the nir wan bad enough to destroy life in a short time. Left 
 XVriedo n- ^ ^ White Pippon at eight P.M. ; 
 
 gtoppcd t ' slept in the cars ; air not fit 
 
 to SI. ..'. Arrived nt Chicago, J>ahliQth, two P. M. ; could not get our 
 
 baggn^' i... v.^.il o'clock on Monday morning. The points of comprint are, 
 crowding too many into the care part of the road ; allowing smoking in the care ; 
 want of rentiktioo in tho can and station-housce ; and stopping too long on the 
 road. 
 
 About ^n in tho cars, why not open the windows and lot in the air! 
 
 TliLi wit; irm weather, but i.i not good in cold weather: and tlio emigrant-"* 
 
 are too ignorant about tho use of air to suffer a little by the cold air blowing in on 
 them, rat' - •' "-; have the air bad. If tho railroad companies can not afford to give 
 better ar on and a quicker ]>assnsre at pre.<«ont rates of fare, let them charge 
 
 more, Bii ng their p<x)r brethren so 
 
 badly. • ess in your labor of love, 
 
 I remain, Youra truly, AMnuiw Fj.m.lav. Agent, 
 
 Am, and For. Emigrant Pro. and Em, Soc., K T. 
 
 Mr. D. R. Tbomasox, General Agent, N. T. 
 
 DOCUMENT No. 5. 
 
 Mator's OrncE, New York, March 22, 1855. 
 fV A« TTn*. T. A TiMn. ifnt/orrf thf City oj Livrrpool : 
 
 I> d by a committee of the American and Foreign 
 
 Bmigrit: nt S"Hrty, of this city, to affix my name and 
 
 oAcial » -. s>. 1 1 1 your Honor, in recommendation of the 
 
 ' ' Mly com- 
 
 i V of the 
 
 ff' n, I am well .\ — Mcia- 
 
 l. >:. . . ; ly of tho dc: >;.... .u.t..- uf our 
 
 State «r lawn ; and I f« nt that yourself and other friends of 
 
 bamanity wiu confer a la.-' ' munily by giving pub- 
 
 BoUj, BOt ODly in Toor dt V . . .uin, to the bcueticial
 
 APPENDIX. 29 
 
 atjv • the poor emijrnuit t -•> k 
 
 It-; ; T(:<* iticrcaso i! ' -•!) 
 
 ,tj into t • I'M! !■ 
 
 i...., .^.,. iruly a>; ..... . . ■•■•J '' ■' ' 
 
 number of aliins arrivuij; at iliis jHit .'>4, wa- < if 
 tliiB '   —   >sc wtn- frvin tii-rniany, ?.:,.J' - .d, 3u,61v "'jiu kLog- 
 lanii 'r<>ni uihi-r iMiintrio*. 
 
 r '.at whili" iho American !>• 
 
 fac';' -. ,1<> from dtlirr luuda, they I • "i 
 
 /n criminal* and paupers, and other evil-<. '0% wbo 
 
 ii u.> li way to these hospitable Hhorea, many of v '•" •♦•nt 
 
 the onii-r^ ami at tlio exj^nso of some of the conti:   I 
 
 ! -d thattl ' 
 
 ■<urca wi. : 
 
 ifO HtOp to h 
 
 I. ,.... :..-., .......^ that you is.... -   
 
 rvnder all tii' -e in your power to further the objects of i ty, 
 
 bv \ ur otlicrwiae, I havo the honor t^) be, wiUi .■<(.■iii.iim.iiuj of 
 
 tvey< Your obedient servant, 
 
 FEKNA.N1K) Wood, Mayor.
 
 DONATIONS, 
 
 1854. 
 
 Aixlrfa^ACo #35 «l 
 
 ' W S 
 
 .Henry 10 
 
 1 . 
 
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 Booniisn. Janie*. Drat do- 
 
 nr-.T'on 100 i 
 
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 32 
 
 DONATIONS. 
 
 
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 10 00 
 10 l« 
 600 
 
 10 00 
 900 
 300 
 600 
 
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 10 00 
 
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 600 
 16 00 
 10 00 
 
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 25 00 
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 95 00 
 
 
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 10 00 
 
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 man 
 
 90 00 
 
 
 
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 SViu 
 
 600 
 
 Mci'_!..ua. J. lu 
 
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 60 00 
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 3 UO 
 
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 n Zimmcrmao, Jaa., Jr., .... 
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 500 
 
 PIUlM>.H 
 
 Mtlas. Uw.. 
 
 
 
 1 00 
 
 ..•■••••,•* 

 
 AUTIiLK VII. 
 
 I'his Constitution may be altortnl or amended at any mectinf; of the Amocui* 
 
 :i, by a voti- of ' <ls of the niiinberH pri'sent ; i' the propOMd 
 
 rati"'^ ■■' hhall have been |ir'' • — '• '-• . i<y the officers 
 
 of the us<* they shall be rt ; action to a NubM- 
 
 quent meeting of the Association. 
 
 •» • <. c 1 
 
 li V - L A W S. 
 
 1. i'Jie OtUccrs of the Association shall constitute a Managing Committee. 
 They shall meet as often as rcquiri'd. and keep a record of their proceedings, to 
 be presented at the annual meeting. 
 
 -'. Two members present shall constitute a quorum. The President, or in his 
 absence the Vice IVtsidcnt, shall preside at all meetings. In the absence of l>oth, 
 the Treasurer slndl preside 
 
 3. The Secretary ?h.i!l k. [. tiu- iiiiuun.s m im- .'v>>im mtion, and shall be the 
 medium of cuuuuuiiiciitinn between the A.ssociation and the Parent Society. 
 
 I. It shall be the duty of this Committee to receive, through their Secretary, 
 applications for help from the members of the A.ssociation, and, if they shall 
 think fit, from other citizens in good standing, and transmit the same, with the 
 subscription and fare, to the Parent Society, according to the regulations of that 
 Society. The Committee shall direct their Secretary to perform all such duties 
 as belong to Local Agents of the American and Foreign Emigrant Protective and 
 Employment Society, as set forth in the Society's Instructions to Agents. 
 
 ■. Any vacancy occurring in the Managing Committee, shall be filled, for the 
 time bein;;, by the Committee ; but unless such vacancy occur within two 
 months of the annual meeting, a special meeting of the members of the Asso- 
 ciation shall be convened for the purpose. 
 
 C. Xo member of the Hanaging Committee shall receive any compensation for 
 service rendered to the Association, except the Secretary, and his compensation 
 shall be fixed by the members at a general meeting. 
 
 7. Employers, members of the Association or otherwise, shidl bo required to 
 report to the Manatring Committee the name, with a description of his person, of 
 any employee who may have absconded, or who may have been dismi.->sed for 
 improper conduct The Committee shall al.so hear the complaint of any em- 
 ployee who may consider him or her self in any way- wronged or aggrieved by 
 his or her r; and they shall act on the same to tlie best of their judg- 
 
 ment Eiiii ■■J . ..^ shall also be required to give a written c. > rtn. -.le of chaiacter 
 to every deserving person leaving their senice; which ct . shall receive 
 
 the endorsement of the Secretary of the Association. 
 
 s. No member of the Association shall, by the offer of higher wages or by 
 other inducements, directly or indirectly presented, tempt a hired person to leave 
 the service of a fellow-member of tl * : •:   . •' vish «)f such mem- 
 ber; nor shall any hired person, K. I ^ _ uis wish, such em- 
 ployer being a member of the Association, be received into the service of a 
 fellow-member, without |)crmLssion from the Managing Committee.
 
 
 JIKC'UMMKNJ )AT1<JNJS. 
 
 V, ,^ 
 
 III.IL 111' 
 
 l I I' Mi 1 t.-l 'III . 
 
 Ciir of lo of The Amkkkas and 1"< 
 
 PKOTwmvt Axn KMPtotJiKNT SoriBTY, is ominently wortby of Public conli- 
 deiicc, do licri'hv cordially coniiiiond its objects and plans to the favorable notice 
 of rhilantlmipists and others* in this country and Kuropc, in tho full convictifni 
 
 « 
 
 will l>e promotc<l by their applying to said Society 
 
 11.11... 1 ami ndvirc. 
 ■V 2lM. !>■■.'..'.. 
 
 IhK.NAMiL) Will 11 1. [U .- 
 
 .1. W. .SCMIMIKT, [L. S.] r . . .cad of Pnmi,i. 
 UKORGK II. SIKMOX, [L. S.] linvarinn Conxnl 
 I-S. V\\. DK I,r/K, [L S.] C'on.»ilo/ ^• 
 
 i.KoroM) niKinviTM. [l s] '• ' ,/«,:/. 
 
 IIKXKY W. T. MALI. [I. S.] ' 
 
 KDWAUD STUCKKX, [k S] Consul- Generai of Ilamver. 
 r.KOncV. K. KTXIIAHDT. (I.. S.] V. C-msul ,>/ R.^-tsia. 
 WILLIAM A. Kt>I!15K. [L.^ J Cvmul-Utneral vf Kamm. 
 ANTHONY 1K)LLKRMAXX. [L. S.] Consul of Grand Duchy of Hesse. 
 KI»\V1X A. OKLUICIIS. [L. H] .,. 
 
 PAUL WM. C.KSAH. [L S.] C ■■_, .1/- .c-; „....., 
 
 C. KD\VAHI> HABICIIT, [L. &] Consul of > aij. 
 
 .L C. VKRTr, [Tx P.] V. Conxidof the Tin, Sicilies. 
 L ». 1 ••: [L8.] '• ...... . ^ 
 
 J. C. Z .MAN. [i. , ..therlands. 
 
 MYRON 11. CLARK, [L 8.] Governor of the Stale of Xetc- York. 
 
 K. A. - ' vniKR. [L S.J ' ■/,«/>«•. 
 
 G, J. I I^ [L Si '• • ' '^■■• 
 
 MONTi [L S.] 
 
 JOS. P. TIlDMPSttX. ra.'>'>f of the UnKtdKay Tabernacle Church. 
 
 iiV' •• '•• ■• ■• •   
 
 Rl> ^ . ), 
 
 IIKNRY WARD BKKCHKR. Pastor ,f Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, K T. 
 
 T!H»S. I?. SKIXXKR. ' 'rnune-ttreei Presbytn-ian Church, K Y. 
 
 \\\r r r \\i< ,^ r,l'!"^ 
 
 W It. .I(.1X i Insurance Company. 
 
 PHINKA.S I». CURLKV. Pastor of the P Street Church, Washington, D. C. 
 
 ANTII. RARCLAY, Her Britannic JJaJesty's Consul at Xew-York, testifies 
 that the alwt'c seals and oifniaturcs are genuine. 
 
 WTIT V- ^T>rT \ V 1 1., s.]