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THE BOOK OF THE 
 CAMP FIRE GIRLS 
 
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TH5 BOOK OF THE 
 CAMP FIRE GIRLS 
 
 WITH 
 
 WAR PROGRAM 
 
 AND 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 
 461 FOURTH AVENUE 
 NEW YORK CITY 
 1917 
 
COPYRIGHT 
 
 THE CAMP FIRE GIRLS, INC. 
 
 1917 
 
 SIXTH REVISED 
 EDITION 
 
3 
 
 THE WHITE HOUSE 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 19 April. 1917 
 
 Uy dear Dr« Gullok: 
 
 I have read with close attention 
 and very great interest your telegram of April 
 seventeenth and want to say that It seems to 
 me to embody an admirable programme* 1 hope 
 that it will be carried out by the Gamp Fire 
 Girls, and I admire very much the spirit in 
 which it has been conoelved* 
 
 Cordially and sincerely yours. 
 
IHE WAR PROGRAM OF THE CAMP 
 FIRE GIRLS 
 
 The Camp Fire Girls in 94,458 homes have made the saving of food 
 the centre of their activities for the duration of the war in accordance 
 with the following request of the President of the United States 
 in his address, April 15th, 1917: 
 
 “We must supply abundant food, not only for ourselves, our 
 armies, and our seamen but also for a large part of the nations with 
 whom we have now made common cause. 
 
 “Women who devote their thought and their energy to these 
 things will be serving the country and conducting the light for 
 peace and freedom just as truly and just as effectively as the men 
 on the battlefield or in the trenches. 
 
 “Every housewife who practices strict economy puts herself in 
 the ranks of those who serve the nation. This is the time for 
 America to correct her unpardonable fault of wastefulness and 
 extravagance.’* 
 
 Note — The general program and organization of the Camp Fire 
 Girls will be found beginning on page 4. 
 
 New York, April i8th, 1917. 
 To His Excellency, the President of the United States: 
 
 “The Camp Fire Girls of America have adopted your recommenda* 
 tions and have embodied them in a definite program. Subject to 
 your approval they offer this program to all the girls and women of 
 America for the duration of the war. A citizen army cannot ‘spring 
 to arms.* It must have definite aim? and organization. This is not 
 less true of the women. This program aims to secure such definite- 
 ness. 
 
 “A uniform is needed just as much by the women as it is by the 
 soldier and for the same reasons. We propose the Minute Girl Uni- 
 form, red tie, white blouse, blue skirt, white navy cap. The adoption 
 of this uniform by the women will save America over a billion dollars 
 
Vll 
 
 War Program 
 
 a year. It should be worn at work and also on formal occasions, 
 namely at all school and college commencements. The money so 
 saved should be given to the American Red Cross. 
 
 “Program: 
 
 “Slogan: Work through the Homes. 
 
 “ I — Pray God each day that right may triumph, and for strength 
 and wisdom with which to help. 
 
 “2 — ^Walk 100 miles a month to become as ‘hard’ as a soldier and to 
 save money. 
 
 “3 — Organize in groups of from six to twenty to study the saving of 
 food and of labor in the homes. 
 
 “4 — In these groups cooperate in salvaging the waste crops near 
 the homes; namely, apples, berries, etc. 
 
 “5 — All who can do so, operate gardens in accordance with the in- 
 structions from the Department of Agriculture. 
 
 “6 — Cooperate with the American Red Cross in its classes and in 
 its work. 
 
 “ If you approve, we believe that millions of American women will 
 cooperate, each working through her own organizations, church, 
 club, college, or society. 
 
 “Do you approve? We await your instructions. 
 
 “Yours for 94,445 Camp Fire Girls, to all girls, and for all girls and 
 women who wish to work through their homes in a definite program 
 to help secure ‘the rights of humanity’ and ‘permanent peace.’ 
 
 “Luther H. Gulick.” 
 President, Camp Fire Girls. . 
 
 WAR PROGRAM 
 
 Luther Gulick. 
 
 Save Food. 
 
 Girls and women stand at the point of greatest need and national 
 peril. They handle eighty per cent, of the food. We have men 
 enough. We have money enough, but we are not going to have enough 
 food. We cannot materially increase our food production because so 
 many of our laborers will be taken for the army or needed in munition 
 works. Gardening is valuable, but it cannot greatly affect the total 
 food supply. 
 
Vlll 
 
 War Program 
 
 This war, then, pivots on the American girls and women who work 
 in the homes. Conservative estimates show that by stopping waste 
 we can save enough to feed eighty million people. 
 
 If the girls and women will save but one cent’s worth of food a 
 day for each person, this means one million dollars’ worth of food a 
 day. 
 
 Patriotic Food Honors, i. Use at least as much corn as you do 
 wheat products. 
 
 2. Invent a new corn bread or pudding, etc., and have the family 
 eat it twenty times in three months. 
 
 3. Make three different corn recipes sufficiently popular to be each 
 used once a week. 
 
 4. Do not eat meat or eggs more than once a day. 
 
 5. Eat everything edible on the plate. 
 
 6. Have not more than two courses at regular meals. 
 
 7. Use a fireless cooker twenty-five times in each month. 
 
 8. Do your marketing personally, not by telephone, except in 
 emergencies. 
 
 9. Work in a vegetable garden on the average of three hours a 
 week. 
 
 10. Preserve enough of any fruit or berries for the family for the 
 winter. 
 
 11. Preserve enough of any one vegetable for the use of the family 
 for the winter such as corn, beans, peas, tomatoes. 
 
 12. Do not throw away any bread or other wheat products. 
 
 13. Scrape all mixing bowls and food dishes clean with a spatula. 
 
 14. Throw away no bones until you have used them for soup. 
 Add to your soup stock every available remnant of food. 
 
 15. Throw away no fat. 
 
 16. Before disposing of any waste, carefully inspect the contents of 
 all baskets and pails to see that nothing edible is thrown away. 
 
 Note — An elective Patriotic Honor will be awarded to any girl 
 for each of the above honors that she has personally carried out 
 for three months. 
 
 Candidates for the rank of Torch Bearer, by leading their families 
 to adopt any five of the Patriotic Food Honors for three months, 
 
Outdoor Canning 
 
Camp Fire Guardian showing her girls how to take 
 caterpillars from fruit trees 
 
 A group of Minute Girls preparing land for planting 
 
Caring for the calves 
 
 Ready for farm work 
 
Camp Fire Girls gathering fruit for canning 
 
 Camp Fire (iirls canning the fruit they have gathered 
 
War Program ix 
 
 may substitute this method of becoming a Guide for Requirement 
 5, page 27. 
 
 Suggestions for Saving Labor, i. Use paper napkins. 
 
 2. Wipe dishes with napkins before washing. 
 
 3. Use fireless cooker. 
 
 The task before America is to secure active cooperation among the 
 girls and women who handle the food in our twenty million homes. 
 This is more difficult to do than to raise an army, for women do not 
 naturally feel the esprit de corps and inspiration to be gained from 
 marching together and from receiving the recognition and acclamation 
 of the public. Results can only be secured through arousing a powers 
 ful patriotic sentiment. Develop the idea of enlistment for service 
 in this field of greatest need in this war. 
 
 Minute Girl Program 
 
 Slogan: “Save Food.” “Work through your homes.” 
 
 Every Day. Pray God for the triumph of right and that you may 
 have capable heads, hands, and feet, and unselfish, loving hearts. 
 Walk, not ride, to school or work. Keep clean outside and inside 
 every day. Sleep more than 63 hours a week if you are under 16; 
 more than 56 if you are over 16. Carry out the program of saving 
 food and money. 
 
 Each Week. Hike so as to bring your total up to 35 miles a week 
 for three weeks a month — 100 miles in the month. On each hike — 
 learn one new way to save food; one new way to save money; one 
 new way to handle an emergency. Sing “America,” “Star Spangled 
 Banner,” and “Dixie.” 
 
 Each Month. Have a Council Fire where the events of the 
 month are reviewed, savings and earnings tallied, general plans for 
 the next month outlined, e. g., making surgical dressings, caring for 
 orphaned baby, etc. 
 
 Each Summer. All who can will have gardens, chickens, or a pig; 
 will salvage adjacent crops of apples, berries, etc.; will preserve the 
 
X War Program 
 
 product; will go camping for not less than a week, and will endure 
 some real hardship. 
 
 Team Work. Girls and women can no more meet this food situa- 
 tion by each one doing her best individually than men can meet the 
 war situation by each one “springing to arms” and fighting individ- 
 ually. We cannot get real results without big organization and a 
 definite program. Each one must feel that she belongs to the army, 
 wears the colors, obeys the orders, sees progress, reports results, and 
 feels that she is in line touching elbows with others who are also 
 serving. Organize, therefore, a group of from six to twenty who live 
 near enough together that they can cooperate in this nation-wide 
 piece of team work — the greatest piece of team work ever attempted 
 by girls and women. 
 
 How to Enlist, i. Get from six to twenty girls over twelve 
 years old who live near together. 
 
 2. Let each girl get a copy of the Manual and study it. 
 
 3. Find one of the mothers, teachers, or other women over eighteen 
 who will be the Guardian. 
 
 4. Get her to fill out the enlistment blank which all the girls have 
 signed. 
 
 5. Mail this with one dollar to the Camp Fire Girls, 461 Fourth 
 Avenue, New York City. This will pay for the Charter, Guardian’s 
 authorization, and Wohelo. 
 
 6. Your work counts from the date on which the complete applica- 
 tion and fee are received at headquarters. 
 
 7. Annual dues to the National work are “a cent a week” from the 
 members. (See page 107.) 
 
 Women’s Patriotic Service Uniform. The greatest single thing 
 that the women of America can do to help win this war for the safety 
 of democracy and for permanent peace is to adopt the patriotic 
 uniform of the Minute Girls. This is the first time in the world’s 
 history that women are needed in war as much as men are needed. 
 The enlistment of women to save money, to increase food; to make 
 munitions, and to carry on the work of the men is as important as the 
 work of the men in the trenches or on battleships. 
 
XI 
 
 War Program 
 
 There is no army in the world but what has its uniform. When a 
 man puts on the soldier's uniform, he accepts the fact that he has laid 
 aside his civilian clothes and with them his civilian responsibilities 
 and relationships. He is no longer John Smith, the electrician or 
 butcher, the car driver or bank clerk, he is one of the team that is 
 engaged for life or for death in a single service. He has laid aside his 
 selfishness; he has laid aside all those distinctions which separate him 
 from other people, and gives himself wholly and unreservedly. He 
 is not even primarily a son, father, or husband. The community 
 recognizes this, and a man in the uniform is free from various social 
 obligations and from all sorts of ties. His devotion to the one thing 
 has freed him by that very fact from the multitude of entanglements 
 which fritter away our daily lives. In this epoch-making time in the 
 world's history, it is exactly this consecration and devotion that the 
 women need to symbolize. 
 
 Women need the uniform just as much as the men need it and for 
 the same reasons. Women are as devoted as men are, but at present 
 there is no way to render such devotion visible and objective. It 
 needs to be dramatized just as the army is dramatized before our 
 eyes so as to enable our souls to realize the essence of the spirit and 
 the entity which is that of service. 
 
 The Camp Fire Girls have adopted their Minute Girl uniform for 
 these reasons, and they offer this uniform to all the girls and women 
 of America to wear as they wear it, with the spirit and the facts of 
 devoted service to our cause. We hope that every one who wears this 
 uniform will, in placing it upon herself, enter into the spirit which 
 unites us in the service of our Country at this time. 
 
 The colors of the patriotic uniform are red, white, and blue — red 
 tie, white hat and blouse, blue skirt and bloomers; the blouse and 
 bloomers are already owned by most of the college and high school 
 girls of America. The addition of the red tie makes the patriotic 
 uniform of it. We have adopted it because it has the national colors, 
 because so many girls already own it, and because it is very durable, 
 inexpensive, effective, convenient, and comfortable. Hat, 50c.; 
 middy, ^i.oo; tie 500.-^1.25; skirt, $3.00-^5.00; bloomers, $3.oo-$5.oo. 
 
 The general adoption of this uniform by women would do more to 
 promote the spirit of democracy than anything that has ever been 
 
XU 
 
 War Program 
 
 done. It IS the dress of the women that fills our eyes. If women were 
 dressed alike so as to obliterate the wealth distinctions, and to obliter- 
 ate the social distinctions for the period of the war, we should have 
 the most marvelous new sense of devotion. Although it has, in a 
 sense, been one of woman’s primary needs to decorate herself, to make 
 herself to be different from other women, to emphasize her own per- 
 sonality and charm, during these days of war, the women as well 
 as the men need to minimize the things that separate and distinguish 
 them from each other and to unite in this great democracy which we 
 trust will be the great democracy of the world to be. 
 
 This patriotic uniform might well be used at the Commencements 
 of all schools for girls and women. It would unite all these insti- 
 tutions in a common thought and a common purpose. It would 
 emphasize patriotism and service. The money saved on Com- 
 mencement gowns might well be given to relief work. What better 
 example could our institutions of higher learning set than to take a 
 matter of such universal importance as dress and lead the way to so 
 using it as to serve one’s country, reduce expenses, and increase efii- 
 ciency? Each girl would go to her home with deeper love and devo- 
 tion to her country than ever before. It would be to her and to her 
 friends an ever present sign of “ Serve America.” 
 
 We invite all girls to unite with us in wearing this uniform — asking 
 only that it stand for reverent, devoted, patriotic service. Girls and 
 women in churches, clubs, colleges, schools, are invited to use the 
 program and uniform in their own organizations. 
 
 The general adoption of this woman’s patriotic service uniform 
 would be the most world-compelling of anything the women of any 
 nation or at any time have ever done. It would do more to unify 
 America and to make one spirit and one devotion than anything 
 else, for it would daily dramatize service and devotion before our 
 eyes. 
 
 Prayer. Prayer lessens worry. Prayer improves one’s health. 
 Prayer strengthens one’s purpose, deepens desire, and helps to hold 
 one true. 
 
 Pray every day. Pray for devotion, for wisdom; pray for America; 
 pray that you may be helped to resist whatever are your own special 
 
Xlll 
 
 War Program 
 
 temptations; pray that your relations to some one person may become 
 sweeter and stronger each day. 
 
 Pray, and get the girls to pray. If there ever was a time for prayer 
 it is now. 
 
 Walk. To be healthy is the first qualification for usefulness and 
 service. Each one needs at least an hour and a half of outdoor exercise 
 daily. The soldier takes more than this. Walking is for most people 
 the best and easiest way to get exercise. Any kind of outdoor work 
 is just as good. Count five miles of walking and an hour and a half 
 of outdoor exercise or work as equivalent. If it takes you half an 
 hour to ride to school or work, you can probably walk it in forty-five 
 minutes. In this way, by taking an extra half hour each day, the 
 five miles can be covered. Every girl should be as ‘‘hard as nails^’ 
 if she is really going to amount to much. 
 
 For information on how to care for the feet, shoes, stockings, blisters, 
 etc., see p. 99. 
 
 Hike. The weekly hike is of the utmost importance. It is the 
 key to team work. The hike is an organized walk. There must be 
 several people to make it a hike. The work must be divided up. 
 Each person is to be responsible for certain definite things. Re- 
 sponsibility for each part of the lunch must be definitely assigned, 
 such as planning, carrying the food, deciding where to eat, making the 
 fire, setting the table, clearing up, getting water, etc. You must have 
 a cheer-leader, your colors, songs, records and, in addition, those 
 who are responsible for the lesson on foods and the practice of First 
 Aid. The distance walked on the hike should be carefully planned. 
 At first, short hikes of from three to five miles are enough. After 
 three months, eight miles each way should not be too much. The 
 totals for the week should be not less than 35 miles. One hundred 
 miles each month is a good average. 
 
 Home Economy. On each hike you are to study some way of 
 saving food or labor — for example: 
 
 I. On the first walk include a cheese sandwich in the diet and dis- 
 cuss the place of cottage cheese, peas, and beans with reference to re- 
 placing meat. 
 
XIV 
 
 War Program 
 
 2. On the second hike consider the starches — bananas, rice, and 
 spaghetti as substitutes for potatoes. 
 
 3. On the third hike discuss whole wneat, bran, bulk. 
 
 4. On the fourth trip discuss the proper use of candy, the effects 
 of eating candy between meals, the money which might be used in 
 other ways than in buying candy, chewing gum, etc. The place of 
 sugar in the dietary. 
 
 5. On the fifth hike have broiled bacon and discuss the nature and 
 place of fats in a diet. 
 
 Saving Money. Money slips away in driblets so that we do not 
 notice it. Many people spend a nickel for candy or car fare without 
 thinking, and yet they do not dream that they are spending $18.25 
 for candy in a year. Five cents a day for a year is $18.25. Many 
 people have no money to give away, but they spend several nickels 
 every day unnecessarily. If every time you think of buying candy, 
 soda, chewing gum, or of riding unnecessarily on the trolley, you 
 put the nickel away for your philanthropy fund, you will be surprised 
 how fast it will accumulate. Do not spend or give away money that 
 you do not have. Pledges to give or to pay are very troublesome. 
 When you give money that has been previously pledged, most of the 
 happiness has gone out of the giving. Save the money, then give it! 
 
 When many people work together for a long time, the results are 
 almost incredible. Thousands of Camp Fire Girls have paid for their 
 summer camping by saving a little at a time. A Camp Fire has twelve 
 members. Each member earns or saves a nickel a day for the year — 
 six days a week (6 times 52) = 312 days. 312 times 5c. = $15.60 
 times 12 = $187.20 for the year. Then suppose the Camp Fire had 
 a cake sale bringing in $22 and canned and sold $30 worth of fruit 
 and berries — $187.20 plus $22 plus $30 = $239.20. 
 
 Amount $239.20 
 
 Out of this they paid the dues $6.00 
 
 Supported a baby with its mother at $3 a week ... 156.00 
 
 Went camping one week 60.00 222.00 
 
 $17.20 
 
XV 
 
 War Program 
 
 They start next year with ^ 17.20 in the treasury. Many Camp 
 Fires have done better than this. 
 
 First Aid. Every girl should know how to meet the common 
 emergencies of daily life. On each hike one should be practiced. 
 Here are suggestions. 
 
 On one walk discuss blistered feet. Show how to treat a blister 
 so that it will not get infected. Let each girl insert the fire-disin- 
 fected needle under the skin on her own foot. Show how to use sur- 
 geon’s plaster. Talk about how much a blister interferes with use- 
 fulness and pleasure; what causes blisters; what kind of shoes and 
 stockings to wear, etc. On another walk take up sprained ankles and 
 treat this subject similarly. Another time take up the care of an 
 exhausted person. How will you help her walk ? What will you feed 
 her first? etc. One time take up burning, burns, and sunburns, etc. 
 
 Clean Inside and Outside. Failure to keep clean inside is 
 responsible for more headaches, ‘‘blues,” and worry than is any other 
 one thing. Constipation means that you are keeping waste in the 
 body that does you harm. Constipation is to by cured by eating many 
 vegetables and fruits, drinking water, and by eating three bran bis- 
 cuits a day. 
 
 Fine people seem to have fine skin. This means not only that they 
 keep dirt off it, but that the skin is kept responsive to the world by 
 contact with hot and cold water, cold air, rubbing with a brush or the 
 harnl. The skin marks the border of personality. Fineness of feeling 
 begins with the skin. Keep clean inside and outside each day if you 
 wish to be your own best self. 
 
 Sleep. American women are far more apt to fail in their endeavors 
 because they have not health enough than because they have not 
 enough ability or education. People who are chronically tired, blue, 
 and worried have to be helped constantly. They are a drag on every- 
 body. Sleep is the rest process. There is no danger that a girl in 
 the teens can sleep too much. There is lots of danger of her not 
 sleeping enough. The point is not that she shall escape breaking 
 down but that she shall be just as well as possible and so build up a 
 constitution that will enable her to work hard and joyously all her life. 
 
XVI 
 
 War Program 
 
 We have learned recently that girls who are established solidly 
 in their monthly function during the years from 12 to 20 are not de- 
 pressed or incapacitated by their periods during the remainder of their 
 lives. That is, women who are as well as possible during the teens 
 have just as dependable working ability throughout the month as 
 men have. We have always thought that monthly suffering was a 
 penalty that women had to pay. We know now that it is a penalty 
 that those have to pay who are not firmly established during their 
 teens. 
 
 The working power of a woman all her life is largely determined 
 by how healthy and well she is from 12 to 20. There is nothing that 
 a girl can get in school or college that will make up for the loss of any 
 part of health and power. It is brave to be happy though an invalid, 
 but real big living demands health, power, reserve. Every girl should, 
 therefore, walk a hundred miles each month, keep clean outside and 
 inside each day, and sleep more than 63 hours each week. 
 
 Sing. Each Camp Fire should sing together enough so that the 
 girls can sing as one. Have your own original songs and cheers. 
 There is hardly anything that binds people together more than singing 
 together. Learn to sing unhesitatingly “America,” “The Star 
 Spangled Banner,” and “Dixie.” 
 
 Council Fire. Each month have your Council Fire. The general 
 instructions governing Council Fires will be carried out, but with such 
 modifications as the special conditions may render advisable. The 
 object of the Council Fire is to outline the work of the month. Get 
 reports from each of the girls, award honors, sing patriotic songs, and 
 plan in detail the work of the next month. See page 68. 
 
 The Guardian should, each month, select honors from the Elective 
 Honors (see p. 31) which the girls might well work for during the next 
 month. 
 
 Council Fire Prayer. The Guardian may read this prayer 
 slowly — one line at a time, the girls repeating it after her. When it 
 has been memorized, it should be repeated in unison — all standing. 
 
 Our Father, we pray Thee to make us stronger and more in 
 
 earnest each day. We pray Thee that we may do better and better 
 
Charlotte V. Gulick (Hiiteni) Founder of the Camp Fire Girls 
 
Unloading the baby kits at National Headquarters 
 
 Birthday bundles made by the Camp Fire .Girls 
 [for Belgian babies 
 
War Program xvii 
 
 what Thou hast given us to do. Help each one of us to conquer 
 our particular failings, that Thou mayest work more fully through 
 us. We thank Thee that Thou dost allow us to work with Thee. 
 We desire to know Thee better and to love Thee more. Father 
 keep us. Amen. 
 
 Camping. Plan to go camping even if it is only for a week and in 
 your own back yard. The night has lessons for us that do not come 
 during the daytime. Sometimes it seems that the stars say things to 
 us. The gentle whispering of the leaves is different at night. Night 
 silences speak as day silences do not. Sitting around the fire at night 
 quietly thinking, occasionally speaking, bands people together into 
 the great tissue of life in a marvelous way. 
 
 After a ten-mile hike — come back to your own yard and cook the 
 simple meal with the girls around the open fire. It will be a new 
 world to you — a new physical world, a new spiritual world. 
 
 Face the hardships! Don’t try to make them too easy. Sleep on 
 the ground. You will lie awake learning. Learning is what life is 
 for. Of course, you can get into your house if it rains, but don’t. 
 Learn how to fight it out with big fires, blankets, shelters, also with 
 singing and joyous mastery. The girls will revel in it and never 
 forget it. There is no use in being soft in body or fearsome in mind. 
 
 In many ways it is better to camp in some farmer’s field or grove, 
 than in deserted places, for then you will have protection — only select 
 your farmer. Don’t spend much money — save money by camping 
 out. 
 
 Get the Vacation Book of the Camp Fire Girls (price 25c.). This 
 tells about tents (which you will not need if you camp in the yard) ; 
 blankets which you will need no matter how hot it is; ponchos; ex- 
 penses; outdoor cooking; menus; equipment; accidents; hand work 
 for camp; description of a college girl’s week-end; and lots of good 
 pictures. 
 
 Salvaging Crops. Near a great many Camp Fire Girls’ homes 
 there are valuable crops of apples, cherries, red raspberries, straw- 
 berries, and other fruit that will go to waste this year because there 
 will be no one to gather them. Apples and cherries can sometimes be 
 had for the asking. Strawberries can be gathered on shares. Blue- 
 
xviii War Program 
 
 berries, blackberries, and huckleberries are usually for any who will 
 pick. 
 
 If apples are sound, they can be packed in barrels for use later. 
 If not sound or hard, they can be made into apple sauce or apple 
 butter, or canned and kept for winter use. The Camp Fire should 
 work together in doing all this work. 
 
 It is possible for most Camp Fire Girls to provide the family with 
 canned fruit for most of the winter. If there are no crops needing to 
 be salvaged near your own home, it may be possible to camp for a 
 week or two where you know the people who have such crops. 
 
 Gardens, Chickens, Pigs. Many Camp Fires are so situated that 
 they can have vegetable gardens, keep chickens or a pig; do good work 
 on a small piece of ground; raise vegetables that really count. Be 
 sure to get directions from those who know how. 
 
 The Department of Agriculture is furnishing instructions for canned 
 fruit and vegetables. The Camp Fire can do together what none of 
 the girls can do alone. The Camp Fire GirFs Magazine, Wohelo,’* 
 will furnish particulars on carrying out the above program. 
 
THE BOOK OF THE 
 CAMP FIRE GIRLS 
 
CHAPTER I 
 
 IN GENERAL 
 
 Camp Fire is an organized effort to find romance, beauty, and adven- 
 ture in every-day life. It seeks to make the homely task contribute 
 to the joy of every-day living. 
 
 Camp Fire girls learn to share— to work together. Mothers and 
 daughters are helped to a better understanding of each other through 
 the sharing, not only of the task, but of the interest, by working 
 together. Boys and girls find wholesome, interesting things to do 
 together, and girls learn the spirit of team work and fellowship with 
 each other. t 
 
 Camp Fire seeks to develop the home spirit, and make it dominate 
 the life of the entire community. For this reason its ranks should 
 be recruited from those who belong to the same social group, and 
 who have the ability to do and to help, rather than from those who 
 need help. It is an organized band of girls, rather than a mission to 
 them. 
 
 Camp Fire presents many phases. To some it represents the social 
 life, to others the life of the great outdoors. Then again, there are 
 those to whom the ritual and ceremony make the strongest appeal. 
 Some consider it a channel for personal and community service. 
 Yet, all the girls find through Camp Fire the romance and adventure 
 of the life in the home. 
 
 In obeying the Law of Camp Fire, a girl develops in her spiritual 
 life as well as in her body and mind. When others see how the 
 Camp Fire girls are giving community and personal service, they 
 realize that the ideals of Camp Fire are beautiful because they are 
 unselfish — babies have been cared for, thousands of baby kits made, 
 and many other services of love have been given. 
 
 Perhaps it can all be summed up by saying that Camp Fire Girls 
 is an organization made up of groups of girls who want to make life 
 just as splendid as is possible. They are seeking to develop the spirit 
 of the home so that it will influence the entire community. It is 
 an army of girls who do things. 
 
4 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 Organization. Each separate group is called a Camp Fire. The 
 leader, who must be at least eighteen years old, is called the Guardian 
 of the Fire. Each Camp Fire must have at least six members, and 
 not more than twenty. Only girls over twelve years of age are eligible 
 for membership. 
 
 The best results are generally secured in a community where the 
 work is organized first among the older girls (fifteen to eighteen); 
 otherwise it becomes known as a little girls’ organization. In any 
 school or community the most representative girls should start first, 
 for they will establish the work on a stronger basis than it would 
 otherwise be done. A Camp Fire should be made up of girls who 
 naturally go together, whose homes are near each other, who are about 
 the same age and are friends. Guardians and girls should be those 
 who naturally associate with each other. Moth^s are especially 
 urged to become Guardians. Even a very busy mother can do this 
 by appointing assistants among the older girls of the Camp Fire 
 while she is herself the inspiration and adviser. 
 
 Appointment of Guardians. Each Guardian must be appointed 
 by National Headquarters. (Nahequa. See page io6.) 
 
 Charter. Each Camp Fire receives a Charter (see page io6), and 
 pays its share of the expenses of the National Headquarters. 
 
 Self-Support. Each member of the "Camp Fire earns and pays 
 fifty cents a year, as dues, to the National organization. This pays 
 for rent, printing, stationery, correspondence (about two hundred 
 letters a day), and the salaries of about thirty persons who spend 
 their entire time at Headquarters in the work necessary to keep to- 
 gether so large an organization. 
 
 The cost of running each Camp Fire depends very largely on how 
 much the girls do, and want to do. One summer, special count was 
 made of how many girls went camping that season, and the number 
 was found to be over thirty-three thousand. These girls met their 
 own expenses with money they had earned as groups. One of the 
 important tasks of a Guardian is to teach the girls how to earn money 
 for their Camp Fire expenses. The gids are urged not to ask theh 
 
In General 5 
 
 parents for money for this purpose. They restrict their expenditures 
 to those amounts which they themselves earn. 
 
 Ranks and Symbols. The Camp Fire Girls have three ranks: 
 Wood Gatherer (p. 20), Fire Maker (p. 22), and Torch Bearer (p. 27). 
 Each rank has its special emblem which should be worn on the right 
 sleeve. (See page 19; illustration.) 
 
 The badge of the Wood Gatherer is the fagot ring, which is given 
 by the National Board without cost to each girl when she becomes a 
 Wood Gatherer. The badge of the Fire Maker is a silver bracelet, 
 and that of the Torch Bearer, the Torch Bearer’s pin. 
 
 Each Camp Fire, as well as each Camp Fire Girl, has a special name 
 and symbol (p. 125). 
 
 Meetings. Ceremonial meetings are held monthly. At summer 
 camps they should be held weekly. At these meetings a ritual is 
 used (p. 68), the Count is read (p. 71), Honors are awarded (p. 72). 
 ranks are conferred (p. 73)» and new members are received (p. 72). 
 
 Weekly meetings are held to help the girls to formulate their daily 
 work and to teach them new activities in the winning of their honors, 
 and in keeping and illustrating the Count Book. Often these meet- 
 ings are held in conjunction with a hike and the study of nature 
 lore (p> 46). 
 
 Honors. Honors are awarded to Camp Fire Girls in recognition 
 of attainment. They are symbolized by distinctively colored beads 
 which have been selected by the National Board for their simplicity 
 and suitability for decoration. The Honors are divided into four 
 groups, as follows: 
 
 (1) Required Honors. These are attainments which are re- 
 quired before a girl may become a Wood Gatherer, Fire Maker, 
 or Torch Bearer. Such attainments are indicated by purple beads 
 
 (p- 31)- 
 
 (2) Elective Honors. These form the basis of Camp Fire work, 
 and are divided into seven groups: Home Craft, Health Craft, Camp 
 Craft, Hand Craft, Nature Lore, Business, and Patriotism. Honors 
 won in these crafts count toward the three ranks (p. 32). 
 
6 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 (3) Big Honors. These may be won by any Fire Maker over four- 
 teen years of age in any of the Elective Honor group (p. 31). 
 
 (4) Local Honors. Honors for special cases (p. 32). 
 
 Symbolism. When we try to put our deepest thoughts into words, 
 somehow the spirit seems to vanish, for words are too inadequate. 
 For this reason. Camp Fire Girls use poetry, music, ceremony, and 
 ritual, color, and drama in which to express their hopes, purposes, and 
 visions. This explains why so much in this Manual is built around 
 poetic ideas and forms of art. 
 
 Many ideas and ideals are ever growing. To express these so that 
 they may not be cramped by words, we use symbols. One Guardian 
 has adopted the mountain for her symbol, and into this symbol her 
 ideals, attainments, and aspirations will always grow; that is, the 
 symbol for mountain stands for her very self, whatever she may be- 
 come. Symbols are more illusive and less susceptible to the cramping 
 effects of words. 
 
 Fire is the symbol of the organization, for around it the first homes 
 were built. Camp Fire stands not only for the home, but also for the 
 genuineness and simplicity of the out-of-doors. The sun is used as a 
 general symbol for fire, and for this reason it is the design used on the 
 Guardian’s pin (p. 19). 
 
 A symbol of membership is the standing pine. It means simplicity 
 and strength. 
 
 “ Wohelo” is the watchword of Camp Fire Girls. It is made up of 
 the first two letters of Work, of Health, and of Love. 
 
 The Hand Sign. The hand sign of fire, used as a salutation, is 
 made by holding the left hand in front of and about two inches from 
 the body, at about the waist line, keeping the elbow at a right angle, 
 and flattening the fingers of the right hand against those of the left. 
 This indicates the crossed logs. From this position, the right hand 
 is quickly raised, directly upward, following the curves of an imaginary 
 flame. As the hand rises, the three fingers drop into an easy position 
 against the thumb, leaving the index finger pointing upward. 
 
 Wohelo. This is the name of the ofiicial publication, an 
 illustrated, monthly magazine. Price, $1.00 a year. Any one 
 
In General 
 
 7 
 
 may subscribe for “ Wohelo,” and Camp Fire girls, mothers, teachers, 
 ministers, and librarians are especially urged to do so. 
 
 Supplies. All supplies may be secured from the Camp Fire 
 Outfitting Company, i8 West 22nd Street, New York City. These 
 include ceremonial dresses. Honor beads. Fire Maker’s bracelet, Torch 
 Bearer’s pin. Guardian’s pin, etc. (Last page.) 
 
 How to Organize. Fill out the application blanks and mail, 
 with one dollar ($1.00), to the National Headquarters, 461 Fourth 
 Avenue, New York. (See Chapter x.) 
 
 Five Steps Toward Success: (i) Select at least one interest 
 that the Camp Fire will steadily try to help to support. (2) Use the 
 out-of-doors. Go on a tramp at least once a month. Have a fire. 
 Let each trip have a special program: e. g., go to some historical spot 
 and learn its story; observe interesting rocks or trees; learn to see and 
 know the birds, etc. (3) Use the motion songs. There is nothing 
 which serves to develop enthusiasm and carries the idea of the Camp 
 Fire so well as does vigorous singing of the Camp Fire Girls’ motion 
 songs. Sing each one over and over, until it becomes perfectly 
 familiar. Make up new songs, and sing them to popular airs. Do 
 not, however, sing them to sacred or national airs. (4) Use the 
 ceremonies. This involves study and practice, but it is as essential 
 to success as a frame is to a picture, or the right words are to a poetic 
 idea. (5) Meet regularly, and have each meeting planned before- 
 hand. 
 
 Motion Songs. Camp Fire Girls are earnestly recommended to 
 know and to sing with motions all the Camp Fire songs. These 
 should be learned by singing them, rather than by studying the songs 
 from a book. They may be sung while tramping, or while resting 
 from a tramp, at night around the fire, or at any informal meeting. 
 It is, therefore, better to learn to sing them without accompaniment. 
 
 Singing together is essential for the developing of team-spirit. A 
 successful Council Fire cannot be held without singing. Many 
 Camp Fires have composed their own songs and cheers, singing them 
 to popular tunes, and making up their own motions. Standardized 
 
8 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 motions to Camp Fire songs can now be secured from the Camp Fire 
 Outfitting Company. 
 
 The Manual. The Manual should be owned, if possible, by each 
 girl. She needs to study the honors and to get the spirit of the 
 organization. The book is as necessary to a Camp Fire girl as a 
 chart is to a pilot. To have extracts made from the book for the use 
 of the girls has proven to be undesirable, for each girl should know 
 most of what is in the book. The pictures, the Count, the nature 
 of the organization are each of them important to the girls. Where 
 it is not possible for each girl to own a Manual, either have several 
 copies owned by the Camp Fire, to be used by the girls in rotation, 
 or get several copies of the Manual placed in the public library for 
 the use of the girls. 
 
 Almost Old Enough. Under certain conditions a girl not yet 
 twelve years old may be admitted to the Camp Fire and to its meet- 
 ings, but not to membership. Such girls may take part in the 
 activities, but must not wear the ceremonial gown or win elective 
 Honors or rank. The Guardian may create local Honors for which 
 these girls may work. They may make symbolic stolls, headbands, 
 etc., which they will be entitled to use when they become members. 
 
 The conditions under which the above may be allowed are: (i) 
 when the girl has matured in body and character so that she really 
 belongs to the teen age; (2) when her friends and the girls with whom 
 she associates are already members. 
 
 If this privilege is given to many little girls, however, it will spoil 
 Camp Fire for the older girls. It often seems a great hardship for a 
 girl to wait for months until she shall be old enough to join, but it is 
 a matter of general experience that, in the long run, the results are 
 better by maintaining our standards. 
 
 What Camp Fire Girls Do 
 
 Camp Fire Girls keep healthy. They walk 35 miles a week. 
 
 Camp Fire Girls save food in the kitchen. 
 
 Camp Fire Girls refrain from candy between meals, sodas, or chew- 
 ing gum — they save the money. 
 
 Camp Fire Girls raise vegetables for family use. 
 
In General 
 
 9 
 
 Camp Fire Girls can fruit and vegetables for use. 
 
 Camp Fire Girls care for little children. 
 
 Camp Fire Girls have a uniform for the same reasons that soldiers 
 have their uniform. 
 
 Camp Fire Girls learn what to do in common emergencies. 
 
 Camp Fire Girls sing “America/* “ Dixie/’ and “The Star Spangled 
 Banner.” 
 
 Camp Fire Girls go on hikes each week. 
 
 Camp Fire Girls go camping in the summer. 
 
 Historical Sketch of the Camp Fire Girlg 
 
 The initial steps looking to the formation of a national organiza- 
 tion for girls were taken by Mrs. Charles H. Farnsworth; the name 
 of the Camp Fire Girls and the ranks were suggested by William 
 Chauncy Langdon, 
 
 The work and ideals of Camp Fire Girls had its direct origin in the 
 home, and later in the private camp of Mrs. Luther Halsey Gulick, 
 on Lake Sebago, Maine. Here, for a number of years, Mrs. Gulick, 
 with the desire to meet the needs of her own daughters and their 
 friends, worked out the beginnings of what was later, with some 
 modifications, accepted as the ritual and form of the Camp Fire Girls. 
 The name of Mrs. Gulick’s camp, “Wohelo” — ^which she had formed 
 from the first two letters of each of the three words. Work, Health, 
 and Love, became the watchword of the new organization. (It is 
 pronounced as follows: Wo as in woe; he as in he; lo as in low. The 
 accent is on the second syllable.) The name of Camp Fire Girls 
 and the ranks were suggested by Mr. William C. Langdon. 
 
 Among those active in this initial movement were Mr. William 
 Chauncy Langdon, Mrs. Charles H. Farnsworth, Dr. and Mrs. 
 Luther H. Gulick, Prof. Mary Schenck Woolman, Dr. Anna L. Brown, 
 Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Thompson Seton, Mr. Lee F. Hanmer, Mr. 
 James E, West, Mrs. Justus A. Traut, and Miss Lina Beard. 
 
 Preliminary work was done during the summer and fall of 1911. 
 During the following winter a manual was prepared, funds secured, 
 and an organization created and ofiices opened. On March 17, 1912, 
 it was given to the public; hence that date is our birthday. 
 
lO 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 The following persons were, in 
 financial support: 
 
 Mrs. C. B. Alexander 
 Mrs. Sidney C. Borg 
 Mr. George T. Brokaw 
 Mr. Andrew Carnegie 
 Mr. Charles Henry Davis 
 Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge 
 Miss Elizabeth W. Dodge 
 Miss Grace Dodge 
 Mr. Robert Garrett 
 Mr. J. J. Goldman 
 Mr. Frederick C. Green 
 Mr. S. R. Guggenheim 
 
 Mrs. Finl 
 
 beginning, mainly responsible for 
 
 Mrs. William Kent 
 Mr. Samuel A. Lewisohn 
 Mr. F. j. Lisman 
 Mr. V. Everit Macy 
 Mrs. Howard Mansfield 
 Mrs. William C. Osborn 
 Mrs. Frederic B. Pratt 
 Mr. George D. Pratt 
 Mr. John D. Rockefeller 
 Dr. E. a. Rumely 
 Mrs. Russell Sage 
 Mr. Mortimer L. Schiff 
 J. Shepard 
 
 Board of Electors. The Board of Electors includes all Guardians 
 in good standing, the Board of Directors, the Incorporators, and the 
 following persons: 
 
 Miss Jane Addams 
 Mr. George A. Bellamy 
 Dr. Frederick Brush 
 Dr. Marion L. Burton 
 Mr. Charles Henry Davis 
 Dr. John H. Finley 
 Mrs. M. B. Fowler 
 Mr. Frederick C. Green 
 Mrs. Luther H. Gulick 
 Mr. H. D. Haskins 
 Mr. Frank Hayes 
 Mrs. Phoebe Hearst 
 
 Mrs. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Lee 
 Judge Ben B. Lindsey 
 Mr. Samuel Mather 
 Ambassador Walter Page 
 Mrs. George C. Riggs 
 (Kate Douglas Wiggin) 
 
 Mr. T. j. Roth 
 Miss C. Ruutz-Rees 
 Mrs. John Franklin Thompson 
 Mr. L. T. Warner 
 Dr. C. H. Watson 
 Mr. William R. Webster 
 Ella Flagg Young 
 
 Board of Directors 
 
 Dr. Thomas M. Balliet 
 Mrs. Sidney C. Borg 
 'Mr. John Collier 
 Mr. Earnest Coulter 
 Mrs. S. L. Eastburn 
 Mr. W. F. Edwards 
 Mrs. j. H. Ford 
 Mr. Robert Garrett 
 Dr. Luther H. Gulick 
 
 Miss Abby S. Hagerman 
 
 Miss Levanche D. Hawes 
 
 Mrs. Max Hesselin 
 
 Miss Sadie G. Holiday 
 
 Miss Florence Hughes 
 
 Mr. Arthur Hunter 
 
 Mr. William Chauncy Langdon 
 
 Mrs. Sidney Lanier 
 
 Mrs. Henrietta Baker Low 
 
In General 
 
 II 
 
 ^Mrs. a. 6. Luce 
 
 Mrs. Gabrielle S. Mulliner 
 
 Dr. Joseph E. Raycroft 
 Mr. Edgar M. Robinson 
 Mr. Myron T. Scudder 
 Miss Mary F. Taber 
 
 Mrs. Flora Munroe 
 Mr. Arthur W. Page 
 Mr. John A. Potter 
 
 Miss Margaret E. Young 
 
 The following persons constituted the original Board of Electors: 
 
 Miss Jane Addams 
 Miss Florence Brown 
 Dr. Marion L. Burton 
 Dr. John H. Finley 
 Mr. Robert Garrett 
 Mr. Frederick C. Green 
 Mrs. L. H. Gulick 
 Mr. Hutchins Hapgood 
 Mrs. Phoebe Hearst 
 Mrs. William Kent 
 
 Mrs. Sidney Lanier 
 Judge Ben J. Lindsey 
 Mr. Joseph Lee 
 Dr. Helen MacMurchy 
 Mr. Walter Page 
 Mrs. George Pratt 
 Mr. Myron T. SIcudder 
 Miss Ida Tarbell 
 Mrs. Richard Wainwright 
 Dr. C. H. Watson 
 
 Mrs. Ella Flagg Young 
 
 Officers of Camp Fire Girls 
 
 Honorary President, Hon. Woodrow Wilson 
 Honorary Vice-President, Hon. William H. Taft 
 President, Dr. Luther H. Gulick 
 First Vice-President, Mrs. Gabrielle S. Mulliner 
 Second Vice-President, Miss Levanche D. Hawes 
 Third Vice-President, Mr. Robert Garrett 
 Treasurer, Mr. John A. Potter 
 Secretary, Mr. Lester F. Scott 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 [ 
 
 THE LAW 
 
 Seek Beauty 
 Give Service 
 Pursue Knowledge 
 Be Trustworthy 
 Hold on to Health 
 Glorify Work 
 Be Happy 
 
 This law is not intended as something which you are compelled to 
 do; it is something that you a;re privileged to do. It is not anybody’s 
 responsibility to tell you that you must obey the law of service, of 
 being happy, of seeking beauty! These laws are inside of yourself, 
 and by living by these laws you will accomplish and be what you dream 
 about and would like to be. These are roads rather than chains. 
 
 Seek Beauty. When you are worried or resentful, you cannot see 
 beauty. It is necessary for your own mind to be in a beautiful state. 
 An ugly state of mind cannot see beauty in anything. So the first 
 law in seeking beauty is to be in tune with it. Beauty is not a thing. 
 It is a delicate relation between things, and between things and your 
 own heart. 
 
 People see what they look for. If they are thinking about beauti- 
 ful things, they will learn to see them, and everywhere they will find 
 the world will be filled with beauty. The people who love birds see 
 many more birds than those who do not think about them and do not 
 love them. We see what we look for. If we are looking for beautiful 
 things in the lives of others, we see them and we love the people. 
 
 One way to appreciate beauty is through the shape of things. 
 Try some time holding a vase of beautiful shape in your hands; close 
 your eyes and pass your hands over it again and again until the 
 delicate curves and proportions have entered into you. Seek beauty, 
 not only with your eyes, but with every other part of you. 
 
 12 
 
The Law 
 
 13 
 
 Beauty is something which is inside of us. Something which grows 
 by practice. We increase our capacity for seeing beauty by loving it. 
 If you think about it and long for it, and use all the appreciation that 
 you have, your power will grow, and you yourself will become very 
 beautiful in reflecting that quality in which you are growing. 
 
 Some people think that the way to improve is to find the faults and 
 then correct them. The result, when this becomes a habit of mind, 
 is that these people become faultfinders. There is enough ugliness, 
 misery, and wrong to fill our minds and hearts so that we can feel 
 or realize little else. The person who habitually sees faults, we avoid. 
 We do not accept their faultfinding. The person who habitually sees 
 beauty and appreciates it, we seek and are influenced by. 
 
 A young man was studying vocal music. His teacher kept pointing 
 out to him the faults made by the different singers. He told with joy 
 and pride that in listening to one of the world’s greatest sopranos he 
 liad detected six different faults. That is what he listened for, and 
 that is what he heard. He could neither see nor hear beauty. He 
 heard faults. 
 
 Give Service. Six Talks. I. In a deep sense giving service is 
 as much an art as is music or painting. Some people try hard to be 
 helpful, but seem always to do the wrong thing — they are bunglers. 
 We admire their motives, but we do not want their help. To give 
 service in the complex relations of modern life is the highest, hardest, 
 and most complicated art there is. Women have always excelled in 
 giving service in social ways. It takes love, insight, and lots of 
 “ knowing how.’* This is the reason why just resolving to “ Give Ser- 
 vice” is not enough. For example: Some one is hurt! You cannot 
 help unless you know how. It is not merely a matter of sympathy 
 and earnestness. To cure heartache and loneliness takes more skill 
 than to cure headache or to set a dislocated bone. Thoughtless giving 
 is the cause of more harm than good. 
 
 II. A person who is thoroughly educated to Give Service will have 
 the broadest kind of an education — of body, mind, and heart. If, 
 purely on this basis, you plan the education of a girl up to the time 
 when she is twenty-two, you will realize the truth of this. Most 
 educational plans forget to train the hand in the arts. None of them 
 
14 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 train the sympathies. This education will make much of the art of 
 the hostess, outdoor cooking, hiking, trekking, camping, singing to- 
 gether, as well as the spiritual and physical side of mothering. She 
 will love literature, poetry, history. Woman’s education has never 
 been planned from this essentially feminine point of view. 
 
 III. Those who work for pay need to strive earnestly to give the 
 finest service of which they are capable, for in this way wage and 
 salary earning is changed over from wages and slavery into real living. 
 If we just do what is necessary to get the pay, it is, in a way, degrading. 
 If we give service, it is uplifting and joyous. If we merely do the job 
 for money, we are selling ourselves. If we do the work a^ our own, we 
 secure the legitimate returns in character in addition to the money, 
 
 IV. It is beautiful that the law “Give Service” is so closely tied 
 up with the law “Be Happy.” 
 
 V. Motherhood is often used as the type of social service because 
 the mother forgets herself in the love of the child. It gives her great 
 happiness even though the baby at first gives nothing back — not 
 even love. 
 
 VI. Motherhood in spirit and service must be made to extend 
 wherever the interests of the children and the family go; hence the 
 streets, movies, schools, factories, stores, city officials, playgrounds, 
 work shops — all are of concern to her, and in some way women want 
 to bring the spirit of the home to bear on them all. 
 
 Pursue Knowledge. Three Talks. I. Knowledge is the key 
 to mystery. Our forefathers thought that the world was flat; that 
 Columbus would fall oflF the edge when he got far enough. They 
 thought that the people seen in dreams were ghosts; that when you saw 
 three crows you would have bad luck; that it was unlucky to start 
 anything on Friday. 
 
 It took millions of years for our ancestors to learn to talk, to make 
 fire, to write, to make wholesome laws, to know the stars and insects, 
 to draw maps, to know the birds and beasts, to know how to make 
 baskets and rings, to tame fire and make engines, to make and control 
 steam and electricity. All this is knowledge! There is a great deal 
 that we learn as a matter of course, just as we learn to walk and to 
 talk — but there is much knowledge that we need which has to be 
 
Where the national honors are exhibited at Nahequa 
 
Blue Birds jumping the breakers 
 
 Camp Fire Girls caring for little children 
 
The Law 
 
 IS 
 
 pursued — arithmetic, literature, cooking, nursing, housekeeping, 
 language, drawing, history, geography. 
 
 II. There is a new body of knowledge that is of special interest to 
 us as girls and women. How is life to be lived so that it shall be in- 
 creasingly happy? It seems that poor people, shiftless people, and 
 people who go wrong have a dreadful time — babies suffer and die un- 
 necessarily, and many people live poor, starving lives. How can life 
 be made richer and better for everybody? Merely getting more 
 money will not do it, for very often the rich are starved in their lives 
 even more than the poor. Can the women of the community take 
 the lead in finding out how to change all this so that life will be better 
 for everybody everywhere ? Woman has taken the lead in making the 
 home a beautiful place dominated by love. Can we do the same thing 
 for the community? How can the factory and the store be made 
 good places for people to work in — good spiritually as well as physi- 
 cally? 
 
 There is already a good deal of knowledge available on these subjects 
 which belong peculiarly to girls and women, but it has not yet be- 
 come a part of the routine education of girls. For this reason you 
 win need to Pursue Knowledge if you are to learn. 
 
 III. Teachers are experts who are there to help you to learn the 
 things you want and need to know. Examinations are means whereby 
 you may ascertain whether or not you have learned from a subject 
 what you need. You only fool yourself when you “get by’’ without 
 real knowledge. 
 
 This spirit would transform the lives of many school girls. It is 
 the new spirit of education. 
 
 Be Trustworthy. I. Sometimes people liken the seven Laws 
 to the stones of an arch. The middle stone, the keystone, then, is 
 “Be Trustworthy.” Without this stone the whole arch would fall. 
 A person who is not worthy of trust does not seem to amount to 
 much. It is not right to promise to do a thing that you do not know 
 that you can do; if you must say anything say simply, “I will try.” 
 Every time you fail to do what you have said you would do — what 
 ^ you have promised you would do — you hurt at least two people, the 
 person to whom you have given your promise and yourself. 
 
i6 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 You know some people who can be trusted even without a promise. 
 They will play fair, will keep silent, or whatever is the right thing to 
 do, without promise or any word. Y ou can always trust them. They 
 are trustworthy. There is everything to gain and nothing to lose by 
 being trustworthy.^ You can help more, will be trusted with more 
 important things, will be liked better, will be pushed ahead more, just 
 because you are trustworthy. 
 
 People are not trustworthy by accident. It takes thinking, resolu- 
 tion, steady habit, etc. Be trustworthy in the home, in the school, 
 in relation to your employer, in social relations as a friend, and in 
 relation to boys and about boys. 
 
 Hold on to Health. Three Talks. I. More women succeed 
 in life because they are splendidly well, because they have reserve 
 power, because they can stand the work that others cannot stand, 
 than because they excel in education, beauty, or moral power. Not 
 that these other things do not count, for they do — they count strongly. 
 A woman with a good education has a great advantage over an 
 ignorant one; a beautiful woman will be given all kinds of chances 
 which are not given to others; and a woman with moral earnestness 
 will almost always surpass those with little earnestness. These 
 things are not enough. Not one woman in a hundred used to be 
 educated as well as the average woman is to-day. Most any woman 
 can be beautiful by using skill in clothing, posture, manner, voice, 
 hair. Women are more morally in earnest than ever before. The 
 world is calling for its girls and women in a new sense. But the 
 average woman fails to reach up to her greatest usefulness because 
 she lacks power and vigor. This is not because she is sick, but be- 
 cause she just has not the vitality. 
 
 If these things are true, there is hardly anything more important 
 to establish in a girl than those habits of action and of thought, those 
 desires and those social relations that make her vigorous and able to 
 work hard and joyously, that give her quiet nerves, sound sleep, 
 regular habits, and the Joy of Living — joy of cold water, strong winds, 
 long roads, brown earth, open fires, friends on the hike, skating, 
 swimming, diving, canoeing, the road to the hill and around the lake! 
 This is the reason for idie outdoor emphasis of Camp Fire. It is 
 
The Law 
 
 17 
 
 not enough to take regular exercise and hate it. It is not enough 
 to have regular habits when you think of it. Get all of these things 
 deep down in your lives and in your habits. Hike and camp out till 
 the desire for these things is a part of you. Go with your best friends, 
 so that all your life long you will turn to the life-giving out-of-doors 
 for your happiest times with your friends. To do this, you must 
 begin young and keep at it. The out-of-doors is yours if you win it, 
 and you will belong to it, and it to you only if you give yourself. 
 
 II. Regular bowel habits are of great importance in their relation 
 to headaches, clear-mindedness, worry, and the feeling of joy in living. 
 Learn how to secure regular habits. Information about definite 
 time, bran biscuits, exercise, etc., should be given by a physician or a 
 nurse. 
 
 III. Do not overdraw your sleep account any more than you 
 overdraw your bank account. What you' lose one night, make up 
 later. Fifty-six hours a week is the least you can have to your credit 
 and keep well. 
 
 Glorify Work. Four Talks. I. Work is what we have to do. 
 Play is what we want to do. This is why we often work harder at 
 our play than at our work. On a hot summer day to do an errand 
 which involves walking a couple of miles over a dusty road is work; 
 to walk that same road on the same day to go swimming is play. So 
 it is not what we do that makes it easy as why we do it. Most all 
 the things that we have to do can be done joyously and well if we 
 think about them rightly. In most cases the things we ought to do 
 are really the things we want to do. This is one way of Glorifying 
 Work. Transmute it by changing your mind about it. 
 
 II. One way to glorify work is to do it well. We all hate a poor 
 job and feel happy about a piece of work that is well done. We 
 almost always like to do the things that we do best. W^e like the 
 studies in which we excel. Time and again a pupil who hated a 
 subject in which she was doing badly, learned to take real joy in it 
 when she began to master it. Work is a good servant and a poor 
 master. Some girls glorify even dishwashing by doing it well and 
 happily. 
 
 III. To Glorify Work is a distinctly American idea. Among all 
 
i8 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 of the other peoples of the world, work is regarded as a curse — some- 
 thing to make slaves or servants do. Americans, alone, have put 
 the idea of glorifying work into practice; have seen that work can 
 and should be glorified; that it is a splendid, dignified thing; that life 
 does not have ballast or steadiness without it. 
 
 IV. Success is like a mountain. Work is the road by which we 
 climb. The history of work is the history of humankind. Glorify 
 it, and it will glorify you. 
 
 Be Happy. Three Talks. I. Is it so hard to be happy that we 
 have to make a law of it? What good does it do to make a law about 
 being happy? If you are happy, you are happy; and if you are not 
 happy, you are not. What good does it do to say, “Be Happy?” 
 This is the answer: 
 
 Inside of us there is always plenty to make us unhappy, and plenty 
 to make us happy. It depends mainly on what we keep in our minds. 
 ‘Be Happy” means that you are going to choose deliberately those 
 things in you that are happy and hold on to them. When you are 
 happy, you see the good things that people do. When you are un- 
 happy, you think that people are unkind and thoughtless. When 
 you are happy, it tends to make other people happy and kind. When 
 you are unhappy, it tends to make them cross and selfish. One 
 grumpy person can spoil the social atmosphere for a whole room full 
 of people. If you feel like being unhappy and cannot change it by 
 just trying, take a bath, put on clean underwear, take a brisk walk, 
 and do the nicest thing you can think of. 
 
 II. How wonderful it is that the highest joy is the deepest duty! 
 The highest joys are love, health, service. The biggest duties are 
 love, health, and service — and so Be Happy. 
 
 III. Happiness is like the sunshine in which precious things grow. 
 
MEMBERSHIP AND RANKS 
 
 SVMBOLS UF THB 
 aRGANIZATtON 
 
 GUARDIAN’S FIN 
 
 FIRB MAKER 
 
 6.rfRB MAKER’S 
 BRACELET 
 
 TORCH BEARER 
 
 TORCH BEARER’S 
 FIN 
 
 19 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 MEMBERSHIP AND RANK 
 
 Applicant for Membership. The applicant must know the 
 object and requirements of the organization, and at the monthly 
 meeting of the Council Fire shall announce her desire to become a 
 Camp Fire Girl by repeating: 
 
 ‘^It is my desire to become a Camp Fire Girl, and to obey the Law 
 of the Camp Fire, which is to 
 
 Seek Beauty 
 Give service 
 Pursue knowledge 
 Be trustworthy 
 Hold on to health 
 Glorify work 
 Be happy. 
 
 This Law of the Camp Fire I shall strive to follow.” 
 
 The Guardian explains the Law, phrase by phrase. The applicant 
 is then received on probation as a member of the Camp Fire, until 
 she has fulfilled the six requirements necessary to attain the rank of 
 Wood Gatherer. 
 
 Membership Transferable. If a Camp Fire Girl moves from 
 one city to another, she may, when elected, transfer her membership 
 to a Camp Fire in the city to which she goes. Or she may help in 
 organizing a Camp Fire and securing a Guardian. She retains the 
 rank she held in the group of which she was formerly a member. 
 A transfer blank will be found in the Record Book. 
 
 To Become a Wood Gatherer. To complete her membership 
 and receive the silver ring, she must fulfill the following seven require- 
 ments: 
 
 (1) Be a member of a Camp Fire for at least two months. 
 
 (2) Attend at least six weekly meetings and two ceremonial meet, 
 ings. 
 
 20 
 
Ljoao oaTHsasa's 
 
 D&StRS: 
 
 As fagots are brought from 
 the forest 
 
 Firmly held by the sinews 
 which bind them, 
 
 1 Mrill cleave to my Camp 
 Fire sisters 
 
 Wherever, whenever I find 
 them. 
 
 ** I will strive to grow strong 
 like the pine tree. 
 
 To be pure in my deepest 
 desire; 
 
 To be true to the truth that 
 is in me 
 
 And follow the Law of the 
 Fire."’ 
 
 21 
 
22 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 (3) Select a name and symbol. 
 
 (4) Make a headband. 
 
 (5) Have the ceremonial dress. 
 
 (6) Win in addition at least ten elective honors. 
 
 (7) Have paid her annual dues. 
 
 Purple beads are awarded for all above honors. Number four and 
 five also receive elective honor beads. 
 
 Upon meeting tnese requirements, a giri becomes a Wood Gatherer 
 and receives the Wood Gatherer’s ring as a token of her membership 
 in the Camp Fire Girls. When she receives her ring at a Council 
 Fire, she must repeat the Wood Gatherer’s desire. 
 
 If a girl is living in a Camp Fire camp where she will spend at least 
 eight weeks, giving her entire time to the work, she may become a 
 Wood Gatherer when she has been a member for one week and has 
 attended two ceremonial meetings. 
 
 The ring is given without cost and belongs to the girl even when her 
 membership ceases. It represents the seven points of the Law in 
 seven fagots bound together, and Work, Health, and Love in three 
 raised circles on either side of the fagots. Lost rings may be replaced 
 for fifty cents each upon application by the Guardian. 
 
 As soon as a girl has completed the requirements for a Wood 
 Gatherer, record of her membership is filed in the National Office. 
 Except under unusual conditions, if a girl does not complete her 
 membership and so become a Wood Gatherer in four months, she 
 should be dropped from the Camp Fire. 
 
 The ceremonial gown and headband are required before a girl may 
 become a Wood Gatherer because experience has shown that in them 
 is found the democracy of spirit, the artistic unity, and the beauty of 
 form, which are so desirable in the activities of the Camp Fire Girls. 
 For the Wood Gatherer’s Desire see p. 21. 
 
 To Become a Fire Maker, (i) The candidate must be at least 
 thirteen years old. The Guardian must use her best judgment in 
 determining how long a girl should be a Wood Gatherer before al- 
 lowing her to become a Fire Maker. It is not merely a matter of 
 winning the required and elective honors. Earnestness and maturity 
 
THE 
 
 FIRE MAKER’S DCSIRE 
 
 As fuel is brought to the fire 
 
 John CottiM* 
 
 Mg 
 
 Nt| hearts desirff 
 Mi|ioi| 
 
 And mtj sorrou 
 To the fire 
 Or humankind, 
 for I uill tend 
 As mt| Miers havetenited 
 And mu falherls ^hers 
 Since lime began 
 The fire that is catted 
 Ihe tove of man tor mart 
 Ihe tove uf man^God. 
 
 23 V 
 
24 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 must also count. Any girl who is faithful ought to be able to win 
 the rank in a year. If a girl is deeply in earnest and has time for the 
 work, she might be allowed to present her claim in as short a period as 
 three months. But this should be regarded as the rare exception. 
 If she is living in a Camp Fire Girls’ camp, giving her entire time 
 to the work, is mature, loyal, and really understands the spirit, the 
 Guardian may allow her to become a candidate in six weeks. 
 
 (2) The candidate shall further indicate her love and understanding 
 of the Camp Fire ideal by learning and expressing the Fire Maker’s 
 Desire. (See p. 23.) 
 
 Required Honors for Rank of Fire Maker, (i) To help 
 prepare and serve, together with the other candidates, at least two 
 meals for meetings of the Camp Fire; this to include purchasing of food, 
 cooking, and serving the meal, and care of fire. (All candidates work 
 in rotation; that is, each does a different part of the work each time.) 
 
 A typical meal to be cooked with an open fire on one of the tramps 
 consists of cream of tomato soup, potatoes baked in ashes, bacon 
 broiled on green sticks, and bread, butter, and lettuce brought from 
 home ready for sandwiches. For an indoor dinner to be prepared 
 in rather small quarters, left over meat chopped for a chartreuse 
 with rice and tomato sauce, a green salad with a cooked dressing, and 
 individual sponge cakes would make a good menu. One important 
 point in the winning of this honor is the “working together.” Cook- 
 ing at home is not the same thing and cannot be substituted. 
 
 (2) To mend a pair of stockings or a knitted under-garment and to 
 hem some useful article, the hem to be at least a yard in length. Use 
 the sewing machine if practical, and also the attachments for 
 hemming. 
 
 (3) To keep a written classified account of all money received and 
 spent for at least one month. 
 
 (4) To tie a square knot five times in succession correctly and with- 
 out hesitation. 
 
 (5) To sleep with open windows or out-of-doors for at least one 
 month. 
 
 (6) To take an average of at least half an hour daily outdoor exer- 
 cise for not less than a month. 
 
Membership and Rank 25 
 
 (7) To refrain from eating between meals and from chewing gum, 
 candy, sundaes, sodas, and commercially manufactured beverages 
 between regular meals for at least one month. 
 
 (8) To name the chief causes of infant mortality in summer. 
 Tell how and to what extent it has been reduced in one community. 
 In a city, there may be an opportunity to visit a milk station, to see 
 the babies brought in and weighed, and to see there what is being 
 done by that particular city. The work of a number of cities has ap- 
 peared in illustrated magazine articles which may be found by an 
 index to current periodicals. Literature in regard to infant mortality 
 can be procured from Miss Julia Lathrop, Baby Welfare Depart- 
 ment, Washington, D. C. (Children's Bureau.) 
 
 (9) To know and demonstrate what to do in the following emer- 
 gencies: 
 
 a. Clothing on fire. 
 
 b. Person in deep water who cannot swim, both in summer and 
 
 through ice in winter. 
 
 c. Open cut. 
 
 d. Frosted foot. 
 
 e. Fainting. 
 
 f. Bite of an insect. 
 
 (10) To know the principles of elementary bandaging and three 
 ways of using surgeon’s plaster, and to demonstrate to the satisfaction 
 of local physician or nurse. 
 
 (11) To know what a girl of her age needs to know about herself. 
 This is a requirement in knowledge of personal hygiene and should 
 include the best use of hot and cold baths, care of the hands, cleanli- 
 ness of the hair and its appropriate dressing, the encouragement of 
 good teeth and a sweet breath. The girl should know the care of the 
 eyes in respect to good light and occasional relaxation by glancing 
 to a distance when reading or doing other close work. She should 
 know the normal requirements of sleep and out-of-door exercise for 
 her age; the suitable dress for cold or wet weather; the proper care of 
 the feet and proper selection of footwear, especially for school, work, 
 and tramping; simple preventives of constipation through regularity, 
 exercise, and attractive laxative foods. She should know those 
 intimate things which careful mothers tell their daughters about the 
 
THE 
 
 mm BERREfCS 
 DESIftE 
 
 THfirUCHt WHICH HBS 
 BEEN GIVEN TO ME 
 I DESIRE TO FflSS 
 UMOinnED TO OTHERS 
 
27 
 
 Membership and Rank 
 
 personal life of women and something of the delightful results of a 
 happy attitude to all about her. She should also know the simple 
 rules of etiquette, serving and waiting on table, and something of 
 the duties of a hostess. 
 
 (12) To commit to memory any good poem or song not less than 
 twenty-five lines in length. 
 
 (13) To know the career of some woman who has done much for 
 the country or state. 
 
 (14) To know and sing all the words of the national anthem — ‘‘The 
 Star Spangled Banner.’’ 
 
 The candidate shall present twenty elective honors in addition to 
 the ten won under the rank of Wood Gatherer. At least one honor 
 must be won in each group and with the exception of Home Craft, 
 not more than five honors may be presented from any one group. 
 
 To Become a Torch Bearer, (i) The candidate must be at 
 least fifteen years of age, and must be approved by the Guardian as 
 ready to bear the torch of life and light to guide others. It should 
 take a good Fire Maker from at least six months to two years to be 
 ready for this rank and responsibility. It is not merely nor mainly 
 a matter of winning the honors. To be a Torch Bearer should really 
 mean that the girl has shown powers of steady leadership or of real 
 craftsmanship and her appointment should be approved of by all the 
 other members of the Camp Fire. These are the most important 
 qualifications of the Torch Bearer. 
 
 (2) The candidate shall learn to repeat the Torch Bearer’s Desire: 
 “That light which has been given to me, I desire to pass undimmed 
 to others.” A Torch Bearer is an assistant to the Guardian. 
 
 (3) The candidate' must be known to the Guardian as trustworthy, 
 happy, unselfish, a good leader, a good “team worker.” 
 
 (4) The candidate shall present fifteen honors from the list of 
 Elective Honors in addition to those she presented for the rank of 
 Fire Maker. 
 
 (5) The rank may be won either as a Guide or as a Craftsman: 
 
 Guide — To be a Guide the candidate must have led three girls for not 
 
 less than three months in some activity, such as craft work, hiking, 
 singing, outdoor or indoor sports, the study of nature lore, etc. A girl 
 
28 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 may win the right to be a Guide by doing Camp Fire work, e. g., by 
 being a guide to three girls for three months and giving special help 
 under the Guardian’s direction. These girls need not necessarily 
 be in her own group, and it is preferable that they be younger girls in a 
 younger Camp Fire group. The Guide should be able to lead her own 
 Camp Fire if the Guardian is unable to be present at a meeting. She 
 should always have some activity planned that can be carried out at a 
 minute’s notice, such as story telling or folk dancing. This would 
 not only interest the other girls but help them to win new honors. 
 The real test of her right to the rank is the enthusiasm and good work 
 of the girls she leads. The Guide is a leader. See war program p. viii. 
 
 Craftsmen are girls who have developed skill and knowledge in some 
 special line of activity under one of the seven crafts. For example, 
 under Home Craft, a girl might win the rank as a dietetian, laundress, 
 housekeeper, as a nurse, a trained singer or musician, a storyteller, or 
 by her knowledge of baby lore, etc. In Health Craft, the rank may 
 be won in water sports in general or even in some one line like swim- 
 ming, sailing, skating, hiking with its lore, horseback, riding or folk 
 dancing. It may be won in Camp Craft and in many of the Hand 
 Crafts, e. g., clay modeling, brass or silver work, wood-carving, pho- 
 tography, millinery. In Nature Lore, the rank may be won in 
 woodcraft (knowledge of trees, flowers, ferns, mosses, rocks, etc.), bird 
 lore, star lore, gardening, knowledge of the care of chickens, horses, etc. 
 
 It is not satisfactory to lay down exact standards for all these at- 
 tainments. The questions to be considered are: Has the girl done 
 thorough work? Is she an authority? Is she superior in the line 
 selected ? 
 
 Some Ways of Working out Craftsman Requirements. Rank of 
 Walker. Records: 20 miles in one day, 50 miles in one week, 120 
 miles in one month or 1,000 miles in one year. (Written record 
 should be kept.) 
 
 Knowledge. Care of feet, clothing, local geography from walker’s 
 standpoint, especially roads, paths, streams, woods, hills, and points 
 of interest, equipment for overnight. Skating, snowshoeing, and 
 skiing may count toward this rank. 
 
 Rank of Housekeeper. A girl should acquire a thorough knowledge 
 of how to run a house. She should expend money according to the 
 
29 
 
 Membership and Rank 
 
 income received allowing a certain percentage for food, clothing, 
 household articles, entertainment, and miscellaneous expenses. She 
 should be an expert in marketing and eflScient in all duties pertaining 
 to the upkeep of the home — the cooking, cleaning, laundering, care 
 of pantries, cupboards, ice chest, closets, drawers, floors, rugs, bed- 
 ding, etc. She should act as housekeeper for at least three to six 
 months, proving herself thorough and practical. 
 
 In awarding the rank of Craftsman Torch Bearer, the Guardian 
 should secure (to examine with her) the cooperation of some authority 
 on the subject selected. 
 
 To summarize: A girl may become a Torch Bearer by personal 
 attainment (Craftsman) or by leadership (Guide), or she may become 
 both a Guide Torch Bearer and a Craftsman Torch Bearer. She 
 may win the order in several different lines if she has the talent and 
 persistence to do so. The inside border of the Torch Bearer’s Desire 
 (see p. 26.) is made from the symbol for Guide and Craftsmen Torch 
 Bearers. The upper part shows a hand symbol for Craftsmen; the 
 lower, an arrow symbol for Guide. 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 HONORS 
 
 The Honors of the Camp Fire Girls are devices by which whole- 
 some activities may be divided into “measurable bundles/^ and social 
 recognition and status given for accomplishment. 
 
 I. Standards. The effectiveness of this whole honor plan de- 
 pends upon the good judgment of the Guardian. In interpreting 
 what degree of excellence is demanded for any honor, she must bear 
 in mind the other honors. For example, to identify and describe 
 twenty wild flowers may be made so easy that a girl with a good 
 memory would qualify by an hour or two of work, or it could be made 
 so difficult that it would involve weeks of work. Common sense is 
 needed here. It is of no help to the girls to give them their honors 
 easily. On the other hand, to make them too difficult would tend 
 only to discourage them. Each honor should be won by good, honest 
 work. 
 
 There are certain principles that Camp Fire urges the girls to follow 
 in the selection of the honors to be won and for the Guardians to use 
 and consider when awarding the honors. 
 
 In the first place, the whole spirit of Camp Fire emphasizes the 
 doing of things rather than the knowing. Not that the knowledge 
 of how a thing is done is unirriportant, but rather that this knowledge 
 of the method plus the actual execution and accomplishment is very 
 far-reaching in its benefits. 
 
 Second, the honors are varied to fit the abilities, strength, and 
 needs of girls of many ages, girls of many different temperaments, 
 of girls living in cities, in small villages, on farms, of girls working 
 in factories as well as those who will never have to earn their 
 living. 
 
 Third, we realize that the things which would be difficult for a girl 
 of twelve years would be easy and simple for a girl of eighteen years. 
 It is our aim, therefore, to have considerable variety in the degree of 
 difficulty as well as in the actual type of honors. 
 
 Fourth, it is the effort of Camp Fire to have many honors so that 
 
 30 
 
Honors 
 
 31 
 
 the girls may constantly be doing new things, instead of doing the old 
 things over and over. / 
 
 Fifth, credit is given in most cases for work not already organized 
 and credited. For instance, we do not give credit for school work 
 and practising music, etc. 
 
 Sixth, the required honors are for the things that every girl can and 
 should do and those that can be done anywhere under any conditions. 
 
 Seventh, sedentary work such as embroidery, tatting, etc., are 
 purposely not emphasized. 
 
 Eighth, the Guardian must use her own judgment in determining 
 the exact requirement for the honor; for example, if a girl submits 
 requirements for Honor 300 — “Erect a Tent,^* the Guardian must 
 use her own judgment as to how well the tent must be erected in 
 order to fulfill the requirement. 
 
 2. Elective Honors. Elective Honors form the basis of Camp 
 Fire work. These honors may be won in seven crafts, each craft 
 being symbolized by a distinctively colored bead. 
 
 Home Craft. Red Honors (red blood). 
 
 Camp Craft. Brown honors (woods). 
 
 Hand Craft. Green honors (creation, growing things). 
 
 Nature Lore. Blue honors (blue sky). 
 
 Business. Yellow honors (gold). 
 
 Patriotism. Red, white, and blue honors. 
 
 Honors denoting fulfillment of requirements for the three ranks. 
 Purple. 
 
 3. Big Honors. The Big Honors are large, decorative beads of 
 the same color and shape as the Elective Honor beads. These repre- 
 sent something additional to work for, and, for this reason, can only 
 be awarded to Fire Makers over fourteen years of age. The girl may 
 keep the small beads as well as the big ones. The first winning of 
 any bead, together with honors that are repeated for rank, count 
 toward Big Honors. Honors which cannot be repeated for rank do 
 not count. The number of elective honors to be won in order to win 
 the big honors are as follows: 
 
 Home Craft. Any fifteen honors. 
 
 Health Craft. Any ten honors. 
 
32 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 Nature Lore. Any ten honors. 
 
 Camp Craft. Any ten honors. 
 
 Hand Craft. Any ten honors. 
 
 Business. Any eight honors. 
 
 Pa(triotism. Any twelve honors. 
 
 4. Local Honors. Have special needs or opportunities that are 
 not provided for under the elective Honors, in connection with which 
 it seems wise to offer some Honor. Any Camp Fire may create local 
 Honors, and award special beads or other emblems for such Honors. 
 These local Honors do not, however, count toward the ranks. 
 
 The Local Honor beads can be bought from the Camp Fire Out- 
 fitting Company. They are uncolored, and can be painted by the 
 Guardian in many ways; for instance, one Camp Fire painted a red 
 cross for a Red Cross Honor. There are other ways of making local 
 Honors, as by cutting and painting scraps of leather in shapes ap- 
 propriate to the Honor, or by painting wooden buttons, which can be 
 procured from the Five and Ten Cent Stores. 
 
 5. Honor Certificate Blanks. Girls should not be asked to 
 judge of their own attainments. Blanks have been prepared to put 
 the parent or teacher in right relation to work not done under the 
 immediate supervision of the Guardian. These blanks are printed 
 in blocks of twenty-five, and may be obtained from the Camp Fire 
 Outfitting Company. 
 
 6. Elective Honors. The honors described in the following lists 
 may be won in three ways: 
 
 1. An honor marked with one or more stars entitles the winner 
 to the number of beads to which there are stars; * one bead, ** two 
 beads. Such honors may not be repeated unless marked with an*R 
 or O. If marked with an R or an O, as many beads should be given 
 each time the honor is won, as there are stars. 
 
 2. *R. Repeat for rank. An honor marked thus may be re- 
 peated any number of times provided each time the honor is won in a 
 new way; e. g., ‘‘Use a chafing dish in the preparation of four ap- 
 petizing dishes.” When won a second time, the dishes must be dif- 
 
Honors 
 
 33 
 
 ferent from those presented the first time. Each time the honor may 
 count for rank. 
 
 3 . *0, Honors marked thus may be repeated indefinitely and the 
 bead awarded each time they are won. For example, a girl receives 
 her honor for walking forty miles in ten days and it counts toward a 
 rank. She may win this over and over and receive a bead each time, 
 but the repetitions do not count for rank. 
 
 4 . Honors for Camp Fire work are counted from the date on which 
 the complete application and fee are received at Headquarters. 
 
 (a) Any work done prior to official authorization may not be 
 counted, but locally it may be regarded as probationary. 
 
 (b) The Guardian, however, is entitled to honors for past attain- 
 ments which correspond with the honors listed in the manual, though 
 it is a custom with most Guardians to win their beads with their 
 girls. 
 
 Home Craft. Flame Colored Honors. 
 
 1 Make two kinds of bread and two kinds of cake.* 
 
 2 Cook meat in four ways: roast, broil, fricassee, boil.*R 
 
 3 Cook left-over meats in four ways.*R 
 
 4 Cook three common vegetables each in three ways.*R 
 
 5 Make two kinds of soup with milk, and two with meat.*R 
 
 6 Prepare four salads, making at least two kinds of dressing.*R 
 
 7 Prepare eggs in four different ways.*R 
 
 8 Prepare four desserts: one gelatine, one boiled, one baked, and one frozen. *r 
 
 9 Prepare a gruel, a cereal, an eggnog, and milk toast, and arrange an invalid’s 
 
 tray attractively.* 
 
 10 Gather two quarts of wild berries or fruits and make them into a dessert.*R 
 
 11 Can, preserve, or pickle three different kinds of fruits or vegetables.*R 
 
 12 Use a fireless cooker successfully on cereals, meat, and vegetables.* 
 
 13 Cook meat, a vegetable, and a dessert, or fruit, in paper bags.* 
 
 14 Use a chafing dish in the preparation of four appetizing dishes. *R 
 
 15 Write out an appetizing, balanced, vegetarian diet for one week.* 
 
 16 Write out a menu for three weeks suitable for a school girl who is inclined to be 
 
 too stout.* 
 
 17 Write out a menu for three weeks suitable for a school girl who is inclined to be 
 
 too thin.* 
 
 18 Give examples of five expensive and five inexpensive foods having high energy 
 
 or tissue forming value. Do the same for foods having little energy or tissue 
 
 forming value.* 
 
 19 Prepare a balanced menu and superintend cooking for one month in the home.*o 
 
 20 Make delicacies for the sick, or get flowers, and send, where needed, through the 
 
 National Plant, Flower, and Fruit Guild, or some other distributing organiza- 
 tion.* 
 
 21 Cook for one month in a home.*o 
 
 22 Take instructions in a home once a week for two months, actually doing the 
 
 cooking. *0 
 
 23 Make two pounds of butter a week for two months.*o 
 
 24 Pick, dress, and cook a fowl.*o 
 
 25 Describe characteristics, identify, and select six chief cuts of meat; also know 
 
 the market price for each- * 
 
34 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 26 Market for one week on two dollars and one half per person, keeping accounts 
 
 and records of menus, etc.*o 
 
 27 Do the same on three dollars. *0 
 
 28 Do the same on four dollars. *0 
 
 29 Know the best season for the chief fruits and vegetables available in your 
 
 locality, and a reasonable price for each.* 
 
 30 Know the way flour, sugar, rice, cereals,^crackers, and breads are sold — packages, 
 
 bulk, etc. — prices, dangerous and common adulterations.* 
 
 31 Know how to secure full weight and pure food.* 
 
 32 Help with four family washings, this to include complete process.*o 
 
 33 Iron eight hours in two months.*o 
 
 34 Wash and iron a shirt waist and a skirt.*o 
 
 35 Wash and iron a lingerie dress.*o 
 
 36 Pr»ss a suit, or a skirt and coat.*o 
 
 37 Remove three common stains from washable material; two spots from non- 
 
 washable material.* 
 
 38 Use two agents for softening water, two soaps for different uses, two kinds of 
 
 starch for different uses, two methods of bluing, and two household methods 
 of bleaching.* 
 
 39 Care for floors, walls, carpets, rugs, hardwood, and upholstered furniture, as it 
 
 should be done for the regular housecleaning.* 
 
 40 Sweep and dust, using two kinds of sweeping or dusting compounds, moist 
 
 cloths, dust absorbing cloths, and a vacuum cleaner.* 
 
 41 Properly dispose of waste and garbage from the home for one week, and know 
 
 its proper disposal by the city.* 
 
 42 Make up a bed for a baby, a bed with a draw sheet for a very sick patient, and 
 
 know the proper airing and changing of a bed.* 
 
 43 Air and make one bed a day for two months.*o 
 
 44 Wash and wipe dishes and leave the dining room in order, after one meal a day, 
 
 for two months.*o (Two girls may share the work, continuing it through 
 twice the time, to obtain equivalent honors.) 
 
 45 T ake the entire care of one room for one month, this to include sweeping, dusting, 
 
 washing of windows, care of flowers or of plants, and what may be desirable 
 for the attractiveness of the room.*o This may be the club room of the Camp 
 Fire Girls. (Two girls may share the work, continuing it through twice the 
 time, to obtain equivalent honors.) 
 
 46 Put away clothing, rugs, furs, blankets, for the summer.* 
 
 47 Take instruction in a neighbor’s house for one morning a week, for two months, 
 
 actually doing house work.*o 
 
 48 Take care of a cat, dog, bird, or a tame animal, for three months; know what 
 
 harm they do, what diseases each may carry, and how the latter may be 
 treated.* 
 
 49 Learn the care of chinaware, silver, glass, pots, pans, aluminum ware, lamps, 
 
 copper utensils.* 
 
 50 Scrub a floor once a week for two months.*o 
 
 51 Take entire charge of a pantry for one month. *0 
 
 52 Clean an ice-chest thoroughly twice a week for two months during the summer.*© 
 
 53 Keep bureau drawers in order for three months.*© 
 
 54 Care for at least two kerosene lamps every day for a month.*© 
 
 55 Take care of the milk and cream from at least one cow, and see that the pails 
 
 and pans are properly cleaned, for two months.*o 
 
 56 Repack a faucet.* 
 
 57 Install an electric bell and care for it for three months.* 
 
 58 Build a furnace fire and care for it for two days.*o 
 
 59 Make a useful household invention. *R 
 
 60 Arrange a sick room to make it sanitary and calculated to give greatest possible 
 
 comfort to patient and usefulness to doctor and nurses.* 
 
 61 Use a clinical thermometer to obtain the temperature of an adult and of an 
 
 infant; tell the temperatures indicating normal, fever, and dangerous fever 
 conditions.* 
 
 62 Give the common symptoms of scarlet fever, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, 
 
 tuberculosis; also home care and prevention of these diseases.* 
 
Honors 
 
 35 
 
 63 Sing weekly in chorus or glee club for not less than three months. *0 
 
 64 Sing in a quartette, glee club, or organized chorus for not less than eight hours 
 
 in any one month. *0 
 
 65 Memorize, and sing alone, five folk songs. *R 
 
 66 Play any musical instrument in an orchestra, reading the music, for not less 
 
 than eight hours in any one month. *0 
 
 67 Play from memory, on any instrument, five pieces of the difficulty of Schu- 
 
 mann’s Scenes from Childhood” for the piano.*R 
 
 68 Play the piano or organ for one Sabbath service each week for three months. *0 
 
 69 Play the accompaniment for any school exercises on any instrument for not 
 
 less than eight hours in any one month. *0 
 
 70 Commit and recite five hundred lines of standard poetry.* 
 
 71 Commit and recite an equivalent amount of standard prose, such as an oration, 
 
 essay, or story . *r 
 
 72 Write a story, a poem, or words of a song which is either published or adopted 
 
 for use.*R 
 
 73 Have entire charge of two programs for the weekly meetings of the Camp 
 
 Fire.*R 
 
 74 Have a party of ten, with refreshments costing not more than one dollar; keep 
 
 accounts. *0 
 
 75 Entertain three or more little children for two hours a week for at least two 
 
 months. *0 
 
 76 Know and tell five standard folk stories. *R 
 
 77 Write and help to give a play.*R 
 
 78 Plan and give a pantomime entertainment.*R 
 
 79 Make six visits a month for three months to sick in homes, hospitals, or other 
 
 institutions.*o 
 
 80 Teach a boy to dance any four of the following dances:*o Virginia Reel, 
 
 Portland Fancy, Lady of the Lake, Howe’s (or Hull’s) Victory, Pop Goes the 
 Weasel, Chorus Jig, Lancers, Boston Fancy, French Reel, German Hopping 
 Dance, Varsouvienne, Furetur, Gottland’s Quadrille. 
 
 81 Each member of a Camp Fire who participates in carrying out a wholesome 
 
 party, or hike, including at least as many others (either boys or girls) as Camp 
 Fire Girls, may receive one honor. (The work must be well planned and 
 organized, and each member given special duties. The Guardian must ap- 
 prove the plans, but the party or hike must be really in the hands of the 
 girls.)*o 
 
 82 Know how milk should be prepared for a six-months-old baby; know what is 
 
 good milk and how it can be tested for a baby one year old.* 
 
 83 Know how much a baby should grovf in weight each week for the first six months, 
 
 in height for each month for the first year, and the relation of weight to disease 
 and vitality.* 
 
 84 Know and describe three kinds of baby cries and what each means.* 
 
 85 Care for a baby for an average of one hour a day for one month. *0 
 
 86 Make a set of practical playthings for a child three years old.*o 
 
 87 Take entire care of a household for one week, allowing the mother to go on a 
 
 visit or vacation. *0 
 
 88 Cook, and serve two Sunday dinners while mother rests.*o 
 
 89 Bait the hook, catch, clean, and cook a fish.*o 
 
 90 Make four kinds of pie and four kinds of cookies.* 
 
 91 Make four kinds of candy, such as fudge, taffy, cooked or uncooked fondant.* 
 
 92 Make one quarter pound of maple sugar. This is to include the whole process 
 
 from the selection of the trees to the boiling down of the sap.* 
 
 93 Cook one meal a day for one month. *0 
 
 94 Set and clear the table for one meal each day for two months. *0 
 
 95 Set properly and beautifully a table for guests, designing menus, place cards, 
 
 candle shades.*R 
 
 96 Serve two formal meals for guests. This may be combined with Fire Maker’s 
 
 requirement No. i. (The standard must be the highest the girls know.)* 
 
 97 Take care of a kitchen range for one month, including removal of ashes, building 
 
 of fires, and keeping the stove clean.*o 
 
 98 Make three pounds of soap.* 
 
36 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 99 Do all your own washing for two months.*o 
 
 100 Do all your own ironing for two months.*o 
 
 101 Dry-clean a dress, suit, or coat, or three small articles.*© 
 
 102 Make a mustard plaster and two kinds of poultices.* 
 
 103 Properly fill an ice cap and a hot water tag.* 
 
 104 Bathe and dress a baby or small child twenty-five different times. *0 
 
 105 Keep bedroom closet in order for two months . *r 
 
 106 Milk a cow for one month, *0 
 
 107 Care for a cow for one month. *0 
 
 108 Run an incubator and hatch chickens successfully.* 
 
 109 At a Camp Fire meeting, properly wrap and tie three packages: a box, a soft 
 
 article, and a fragile article.* 
 
 no Conduct six evenings for the family. This means planning and carrying out 
 the entertainment which will interest and have the cooperation of the 
 family.**R 
 
 111 Play on a bugle from memory at least five customary bugle calls. (Reveille, 
 
 Assembly, Mess, Taps, or others commonly used in camp.)* 
 
 1 12 Prepare three desserts or breakfast dishes, using a different kind of dried fruit 
 
 each time.*o 
 
 1 13 Prepare beans, rice, lentils, cornmeal, and samp (or hominy), each in two ways.* 
 
 1 14 Put on a successful entertainment, the work to include the training of the girls 
 
 and the management of the performance.* to ***R 
 
 1 15 Take part in a one-act play, or more, or contribute some definite feature of the 
 
 entertainment.*R 
 
 116 Make a useful household appliance for the care of health, and the prevention 
 
 of disease.*R 
 
 Health Craft. Red Honors. 
 
 200 Earn diploma, certificate, or medal of the National Red Cross Society, or joint 
 
 diploma of the American Red Cross and the Young Women’s Christian Asso- 
 ciation for First Aid.*R 
 
 201 Be free from every indication of a cold for two consecutive months between 
 
 October and April inclusive,*© 
 
 202 Do not miss school or work because of ill health or headaches for three consecu- 
 
 tive months.*o 
 
 203 Abstain from chewing gum and from candy, ice cream, sundaes, sodas, and com- 
 
 mercially manufactured beverages, as well as from eating between meals, for 
 two consecutive months.*© 
 
 204 Sleep out-of-doors, or with wide open windows, for two consecutive months be- 
 
 tween October and April inclusive.*© 
 
 205 any of the following games for not less than twelve hours in any one mcwith. 
 Team Games: hockey, volley ball, basket ball, archery, baseball, soccer, 
 prisoner’s base, captain ball.*© 
 
 206 Other Games: (To be played an equal number of hours.) Tennis, golf, bowling, 
 
 run sheep run, hide and seek, pussy wants a corner, three deep, blind man’s 
 buff, drop the handkerchief, red rover, fox and hounds, quoits, duck on the 
 rock.*© (Games adapted for girls and having standard rules prepared for 
 them, like basket-ball and baseball, are to be played according to such rules.) 
 
 207 Play singing or dancing games for not less than fifteen hours in any one month. *0 
 
 208 Swim one hundred yards.* 
 
 209 Swim one mile in any six days. (Not necessarily consecutive.)*© 
 
 210 Fetch up a cup from the bottom in eight feet of water.* 
 
 21 1 Do any two standard dives in good form.*R 
 
 Standard Dives-. Standing, front, side, back, twist, jack. 
 
 Running or from springboard the same; e. g., a standing front and a running 
 front and a front from a run, and use of springboard may all be presented. 
 
 212 Undress in deep water.* 
 
 213 Swim any four standard styles. *R Standard styles are breast, side, over-hand, 
 
 single over-hand, crawl, back, scull on back, etc. 
 
 214 Paddle or row twenty miles in any five days.*© (Not necessarily consecutive.) 
 
 215 Tip over a canoe in deep water, right it, get in, and get enough water out by 
 
Honors 37 
 
 splashing with hands or paddle to be able to sit on the seat steadily and 
 paddle to shore.* 
 
 216 Sail a boat without help or advice for fifty miles. *0 (In any one season.) 
 
 217 Operate and care for motor boat without help or advice for one hundred miles.^ 
 
 (In any one season.) 
 
 218 Skate twenty-five miles in any five days.*o (Not necwsarily consecutive.) 
 
 219 Coast, toboggan, or ski for not less than fifteen hours in any one month. *0 
 
 220 While skiing, make six descents of at least fifteen feet in good form.* 
 
 221 While skiing, make six jumps and land in good form.* 
 
 222 Snowshoe twenty-five miles in any five days.*o (Not necessarily consecutive.) 
 
 223 Saddle, bridle, mount, and ride a horse in correct form, using three gaits.* 
 
 224 Ride horseback forty miles in any five days.*o (Not necessarily consecutive.) 
 
 225 Take care of a horse and supervise the care of a stable for at least one month.* 
 
 226 Mountain Climbing: Make an ascent of two thousand feet and return to the 
 
 starting level. *R 
 
 227 Bicycle forty miles in any five days.*o (Not necessarily consecutive.) 
 
 228 Walk forty miles in any ten days.*o (Not necessarily consecutive.) This 
 
 means tramping in the country or walking to and from school or business. 
 
 229 Take seven hours of outdoor exercise a week for three months.*o 
 
 230 Operate and care for an automobile, without help or advice, for five hundred 
 
 miles.*o (In any one season.) 
 
 231 Know any five standard folk dances.*R 
 
 232 Harness a horse to a cart and drive correctly.* 
 
 233 Win the emblem of the Women's Life Saving Association.* 
 
 234 Teach a girl to swim so that she can swim at least twenty feet alone. *0 
 
 23s Demonstrate, in the water, three methods of release, and a method of resuscita- 
 tion on land.* 
 
 236 Swim under water thirty feet.* 
 
 237 Float on back five minutes or do a dead man’s float for fifteen seconds.* 
 
 238 Relax completely for fifteen minutes sixty times in ten weeks.*o 
 
 239 Take a glass of cold water the first thing in the morning, the last thing at night, 
 
 and between each meal, for sixty days, in any ten consecutive wecks.*o 
 
 240 Take ten minutes exercise, including deep breathing, either out-of-doors or in 
 
 front of an open window, at least sixty times in ten weeks.*o 
 
 241 Take a cold water bath or quick-rub every morning, with three minutes’ setting- 
 
 up exercises, on sixty days in any ten consecutive weeks. *0 
 
 242 Demonstrate the proper clothing and treatment of feet to prevent blisters on a 
 
 long hike.* 
 
 243 Dernonstrate, and know the use of iodine, and boracic acid. Describe three 
 
 kinds of wounds and how to treat them.* 
 
 244 Demonstrate three ways of using the triangular and the roller bandage; also 
 
 the use of the tourniquet.* 
 
 24s Take five minutes’ deep breathing, drink a glass of water, bathe feet in tepid or 
 hot water, and cleanse teeth before retiring. Do this sixty nights in any ten 
 consecutive weeks.*o 
 
 Camp Craft. Brown Honors. 
 
 300 Erect a tent, having selected location.* (Two girls may work together on this.) 
 
 301 Take proper care of a tent for one week.*o 
 
 302 Make a shelter and bed of material found in the woods.*o 
 
 303 Build a tree house large enough for two girls to sleep in.* 
 
 304 Make a bed on the ground, and sleep out-of-doors on it for any five nights.*o 
 
 305 Pack a horse and tie a squaw hitch.* 
 
 306 Build an open fire in wind and rain with material found out-of-doors, and build 
 
 a proper bonfire.* (No fire is credited until it is properly left or put out.) 
 
 307 Make two good devices for holding a pot over a fire and two for holding a frying 
 
 pan over a fire.*R 
 
 308 Make fire with rubbing sticks or flint.*R 
 
 309 Do all the camp cooking without help or advice for one day for four or more 
 
 persons. This includes getting the wood, and making art open fire. Suitable 
 character, variety, and amounts of foods are to be furnished. The menu 
 must be written; quantitie.s and price stated.* 
 
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 751 “• St nst nt,o nui nua K*! 
 
 HATIONAL HONORS 
 
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 43 
 
44 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 310 Make a bean hole at least 18 inches by 18 inches and cook one mess of beans or 
 
 some other appetizing dish.*R 
 
 311 Know the meaning of weather signals, and the meaning of clouds, wind, and 
 
 temperature.* 
 
 312 Keep a scientific record for a month. This consists of temperature, wind direc- 
 
 tion and velocity, clouds, character and quantity, duration of rainfull, fogs 
 or mists.* 
 
 313 Read United States Weather Map for a month and report, for each day, com- 
 
 parative record of home point with some distant point.* 
 
 314 Indian Craft: Track two miles.* 
 
 315 Know twenty-five signs of the hand sign language.*R 
 
 316 Know six blazes.* 
 
 317 Know three ways the Indians have of testing eye-sight.* 
 
 318 Make a beadband at least eight inches long.*o 
 
 319 Carve a totem pole.* 
 
 320 Make an Indian bed.* 
 
 321 Make an Indian tepee.* 
 
 322 Make a willow Indian bed.**o 
 
 (For above honors in Indian Craft see “The Book of Woodcraft** by 
 Ernest Thompson Seton.) 
 
 323 Tie ten standard knots . *r 
 
 The following list is suggestive: 
 
 Tie two ends together — square and square bow, single bend or bowline (easily 
 untied), alpine, kite string. Tie a rope to a post or rail, or about itself— 
 half hitches (fasten boat or clothesline), clove hitch (fasten horse), midship- 
 man’s or rolling hitch (tent rope). Whip a rope to prevent unravelling, 
 with a needle and without a needle. 
 
 Make knots at the end of a rope — wall knot, crown, back splice. 
 
 Make fancy or heraldic knots — carrick bend, love knot (for trimming pillows, 
 shirt waist, or dress). Make trick knots — ^Tom fools’ or sailor handcuff, 
 cabin boy’s knot. Weave ropes, twine, or yarns, together — make a plait 
 of three or more strands; make a sennit. Make splices; eye, short, and long. 
 
 324 Construct a reflecting oven and bake biscuits or some appetizing dish.*R 
 
 325 Cook successfully at least one-half pound of meat and four potatoes in the open 
 
 without using any kitchen or cooking utensils; this includes making the 
 fire.*o 
 
 326 Build three different kinds of fires in open, using not more than two matches for 
 
 each fire.* 
 
 327 Know proper disposal of camp garbage and refuse, and dispose of it for one Camp 
 
 Fire for one week.* 
 
 328 Make and carry a pack for two miles. This includes camp outfit and rolling 
 
 the poncho.* 
 
 329 Blaze a trail for a mile.* (For methods, see page 89.) 
 
 330 Build a permanent outdoor fireplace on your premises for family use.* 
 
 Hand Craft. Green Honors. 
 
 Any article in the following groups must show skill, ingenuity, and taste. Each 
 article must be worthy of honor. When the designs in clay modeling, brass work, 
 silver work, batik work, stenciling, leather work, embroidery, or bookbinding are 
 symbolic of The Camp Fire Girls, two honors are given. 
 
 400 Model an individual cereal bowl, plate, cup and saucer, or article of equal 
 
 difficulty, having on it original designs. *R 
 
 401 Make a brass, or copper bowl or vase, having on it original deslgns.**R 
 
 402 Make three pieces of silver jewelry, such as bracelet, ring, pin, hat pin, with 
 
 original designs.*R 
 
 403 Design and make a basket. *r 
 
 404 Wood carving: Make a useful piece of furniture. *r 
 
 405 Make and stain a piece of “box furnlture.”*R 
 
 406 Repair and finish off, or paint, an article of furniture, or a floor. *0 
 
Honors 45 
 
 407 Dress dolls or make picture books or toys and send to hospitals and settlements 
 
 where they are wanted. *0 
 
 408 Make a doll’s house of four rooms and its furnishings.* 
 
 409 Gather bayberries and make one 6-inch candle (dipped).* 
 
 410 Gather bayberries and make four 6-inch candles (molded).* 
 
 41 1 Batik Work: Design and dye three articles for use.*R 
 
 412 Dye material for a dress or three smaller articles, each of different color.* 
 
 413 Stencil, woodblock, or paint three serviceable articles with original designs. 
 414. Make three articles with original designs in cut leather, at least one of these to 
 
 be lined with silk harmonizing in color.*R 
 
 415 Bind a book, sewing the back, and having lined cover and original cover de- 
 
 signs.*R 
 
 416 Take a dozen photographs; develop and print them.*o 
 
 417 Keep and decorate an individual Count for six months. *R 
 
 418 Decorate a “buffalo robe” with a totem, and at least twenty pictographs illus- 
 
 trative of your Camp Fire activities.*R 
 
 419 Knit, crochet, or tat three articles. *0 
 
 420 Make two articles of underwear, using hand or machine or both.*o 
 
 421 Make a shirtwaist. *0 
 
 422 Make a dress.*o 
 
 423 Make a set of baby clothes.*R 
 
 424 Make a ceremonial dress.* 
 
 425 Trim a hat (this includes lining). *0 
 
 426 Make a hat.*o 
 
 427 Draw an original design for a table runner, sofa pillow, curtain border, or 
 
 some other serviceable household decoration, and embroider the article, using 
 not over twelve hours for completing the embroidery . *r 
 
 428 Draw an original monogram or design, suitable for marking household linen or 
 
 lingerie, and embroider it on six articles, using not over two hours to complete 
 the embroidery on each.*R 
 
 429 Embroider or bead a shirtwaist or dress with original design. *R 
 
 430 Use all the attachments of a sewing machine, and clean and keep it in order for 
 
 three months.* 
 
 431 Save nine stitches once each week for three months’ weekly mending.*R 
 
 432 Know the prices and widths and uses of the following materials.* Six common 
 
 cotton materials. Four common linen materials. Four common woolen 
 materials. Four common silk materials. 
 
 433 Identify twelve kinds of lace and tell the reasonable price and appropriate use of 
 
 each.* (Hand made lace and machine made lace after the same style may 
 each be counted.) 
 
 434 Know how pattern is made in cloth; be able to compare four common textile 
 
 materials; know their origin, how the material is prepared, and how the weav- 
 ing is done.* 
 
 435 Make a skirt.*o 
 
 436 Make any other garment as diflScult to make as those already listed.*o 
 
 437 Make a key for a lock as diflhicult to fit as a Yale lock.* 
 
 438 Make, and put on a warp and weave, some article with original design.*R 
 
 (Cardboard or box weaving, hanging warp or loom.) 
 
 439 Shingle a hundred square feet of roof.*o 
 
 440 Carve and decorate three wooden articles with original designs.*R 
 
 (Wooden spoons, salad fork and spoon, salad bowl, etc.) 
 
 441 Make a suitable case of khaki for the ceremonial gown, decorating the case 
 
 with name and symbol.* 
 
 442 Make the same for a firemaking apparatus.* 
 
 443 Make a pair of mocassins. *0 
 
 444 Decorate a pair of moccasins with symbolic design. *R 
 
 445 Embroider or bead a symbol on six articles.*o 
 
 446 Make one article of tooled leather.*R 
 
 447 Make three articles of brass or copper not included in other honors.*B. 
 
 448 Make three baskets of different designs. *R 
 
 449 Recane one chair bottom.*© 
 
 430 Make three successful plaster casts.*R 
 
46 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 451 Print twenty-five pictures (excluding those for which honor 416 may be 
 
 claimed).* 
 
 452 Enlarge five pictures successfully.* 
 
 453 Mount and frame (either with wood or passepartout finish) three pictures.* 
 
 Nature Lore. Blue Honors. 
 
 Trees: Identify and describe any fifteen trees in such a way as to assure future recog- 
 nition: 
 
 500 In summer.* 
 
 501 In winter.* 
 
 502 Ten additional trees. *R 
 
 503 Properly plant five trees at least one foot high where they are needed. *0 
 
 504 Identify and describe twenty wild flowers.* 
 
 505 Identify and describe fifteen additional wild flowers. *R 
 
 506 Identify and describe ten ferns. *R 
 
 507 Identify and describe ten grasses. *R 
 
 508 Identify and describe ten mosses. *R 
 
 509 Identify and describe twenty wild birds.* 
 
 510 Identify and describe fifteen additional wild birds. *R 
 
 51 1 Erect a bird box and have it used.*R 
 
 512 Tell, from personal observations and notes, the value to man of two birds.*R 
 
 513 Keep notes from personal observation of the raising of a family of birds.*R 
 
 514 Have a “lunch counter” used by at least four kinds of birds.*R 
 
 515 Identify and describe ten butterflies.*R 
 
 516 Identify and describe ten moths.*R 
 
 517 Know the planets, and seven constellations and their stories.*R 
 
 518 Make a satisfactory notebook from your own observations while on tramps. 
 
 This may be about stones, birds, trees, streams, erosion of the earth, or habits 
 of animals.*R 
 
 519 Do all the work in a successful garden. This may be for use or beauty, or both.*R 
 
 520 Keep written records of completion of different divisions of work, and account 
 
 of expenses.*R 
 
 521 Write a history (not less than 1,500 words) of your garden at the end of the 
 
 season. *R 
 
 522 Identify ten common weeds; tell how to remove and eradicate them.*R 
 
 523 Identify ten harmful garden bugs and insects, and tell how to combat them.*R 
 
 524 Raise at least two kinds of flowers or vegetables in accordance with modern 
 
 principles, getting cash results; e. g., violets, strawberries, celery, mush- 
 rooms. *R 
 
 525 Have a successful window garden, properly balanced in color, or a garden fur- 
 
 nishing garnishing for the table. Practical results must be secured. *r 
 
 526 Raise a crop of sweet corn, popcorn, or potatoes. *R 
 
 527 Make a record of processes, history of growth, cost, gain or loss.* 
 
 528 Raise at least two vegetables; make notebook record of growth and cost.*R 
 
 529 Can, pickle, and preserve the product to an amount of two quarts canned, two 
 
 quarts pickled, and two quarts preserved. *r 
 Carry on experimental gardening as follows: 
 
 530 (a) Plant a plot of ground with seed treated with bacteria solution and another 
 
 plot with seed not so treated. Record results as to amount of crop, size of 
 product, taste, and palatableness. *r 
 
 531 (b) Plant a plot of ground with pedigreed seeds and another with unpedigreed 
 
 seeds. Record results. *r 
 
 532 (c) Plant two plots; treating one by dry-farming methods, and the other by 
 
 usual methods. Record results.* 
 
 533 (d) Make tests of the value of irrigation.* 
 
 534 Distinguish eight varieties of apples, and tell the good and weak points of each.* 
 
 535 Be a member of a Corn and Tomato Canning Club, canning two dozen quart 
 
 jars of products raised yourself. *0 
 
 (For information write the Department of Agriculture at Washington, under 
 whose supervision these clubs have been arranged. They aim to make the girls 
 financially independent.) 
 
Honors 
 
 47 
 
 536 Do all the work of a successful hive of bees for a season and know the habits of 
 
 honey bees.* 
 
 537 Demonstrate the nature and value of some one factor in heredity or environ- 
 
 ment in some strain of animals; e. g., chickens, dogs. (Effect of health, 
 breeding, endurance, length of life, color, form, or effects of altered food, 
 exercise, out-of-doors.) *R 
 
 538 Be a member of a Girls’ Poultry Club and clear at least $10 in one year.*o (See 
 
 note under 535.) 
 
 539 Hatch, and raise to six weeks, one dozen chickens from fifteen eggs set under a 
 
 hen.*R 
 
 540 Distinguish six varieties of chickens, and tell the good and weak points of each 
 
 variety.* 
 
 541 Distinguish six varieties of cattle, and tell the good and weak points of each 
 
 variety.* 
 
 542 Have a bird bath used by at least four kinds of wild birds. *R 
 
 543 Identify ten varieties of mushrooms. *r 
 
 544 Know the songs and calls of ten different wild birds.*R 
 
 545 Keep a list, with dates, of all wild birds seen during the migratory season. *R 
 
 546 Record, from personal observation, the food of six different wild birds.*R 
 
 547 Identify ten plants by their odor.*R 
 
 548 Identify ten plants by their feeling.*R 
 
 549 Identify ten varieties of cactus.*R 
 
 550 Identify and describe ten herbs useful for medicinal or cooking purposes, and 
 
 know the use of each.*R 
 
 551 Identify and describe five poisonous plants. Know the effect of and the remedy 
 
 for each.*R 
 
 552 Plant bulbs three ways: for outdoor blooming, for indoor blooming, for blooming 
 
 in window boxes.*R 
 
 553 Collect and identify six different kinds of minerals.*R 
 
 554 Identify and describe five snakes, knowing whether they are harmless or harmful. 
 
 Know the remedy for the effects of the harmful ones.*R 
 
 555 Discover and describe the nests of six wild birds (location, material, construc- 
 
 tion; size and markings of eggs).*R 
 
 556 Identify eight birds by their flight. *r 
 
 557 Identify and raise eight different kinds of caterpillars, knowing the proper 
 
 things to feed each, and care for chrysalides and cocoons until they come out 
 as butterflies and moths.*R 
 
 558 ■ Describe, from personal observation, the home, appearance, and habits of three 
 
 wild animals.*R 
 
 559 Describe, from personal observation, five ways in which wild creatures predict 
 
 the weather.* 
 
 Business. Yellow Honors. 
 
 6cxd Fill a regular position for four months, earning ten dollars a week or less.**o 
 
 601 Fill a regular position for four months, earning more than ten dollars a week.***o 
 
 602 Not employed in regular position, earn one dollar for the purchase of Camp Fire 
 
 outfit or dues.*o 
 
 603 Earn three dollars and give it to some philanthropic, church, or community 
 
 interest.*© 
 
 604 Earn at least five dollars in any line other than regular employment; e. g,, 
 
 chickens, bees, garden; getting subscribers to books, magazines, or papers; 
 making and selling Christmas presents; fancy work, jewelry, toys, dolls. *a 
 Note: In group work (602 & 604), at same ratio per girl. 
 
 60s Save ten per cent, of your allowance for three months.*© 
 
 606 Make an article entirely or in part in regular employment, showing skill, speed, 
 
 and taste.* to ***** 
 
 607 Plan expenditure of family under heads of shelter, food, clothing, recreation, 
 
 miscellaneous.* 
 
 608 Live for one year on an allowance covering all personal expenses. Keep full 
 
 account.***** 
 
 609 Keep a bank account and set aside a-definite amount per month for a year.* 
 
48 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 6io Serve as Treasurer of your Camp Fire or for any other organization, really 
 handling money for a year, keeping accounts.* 
 
 6n Be on time for business or school, morning and afternoon, every day for three 
 months. *o 
 
 612 Do not borrow money or articles of wearing apparel for two months.*© 
 
 613 Attend a class or lecture at least four times each month for three months, the 
 
 object being to make your services to your employer more valuable.*R 
 
 614 Keep a bank account, either for yourself or for some other person, for three 
 
 months; draw checks, endorse checks, make deposits, and balance check book 
 each month.* (This refers to actual money.) 
 
 615 Describe fully or write a paper of not less than 1,500 words on Business Pension 
 
 Systems for Women in this and other countries.* 
 
 616 Describe fully or write a paper of not less than 1,500 words on Insurance Systems 
 
 for Women in Industries in this and other countries.* 
 
 617 Describe the work of three organizations interested in labor conditions of women; 
 
 such as Women’s Trades Union League, National Consumers’ League, Na- 
 tional Civic Federation, etc.* 
 
 618 Describe fully or write a paper of not less than 1,500 words on your state labor 
 
 laws affecting women, girls, and children, including age restrictions, hours of 
 labor, wages, etc., making suggestions for amendments to improve working 
 conditions in your own community.* 
 
 619 Describe fully or write a paper of not less than 1, 000 words on your state laws 
 
 affecting the property rights of women.* 
 
 620 Write at a regulaf Camp Fire meeting:* 
 
 1. A business letter ordering a list of books; also make application for the money 
 order to be enclosed. 
 
 2. A telegram of a business nature, general contents to be given by the Guardian. 
 
 3. An application for a position as clerk in a department store. 
 
 621 Write 500 words on a typewriter from a daily paper in ten minutes without 
 
 mistakes.* 
 
 622 Write, from dictation, twenty letters in shorthand, and transcribe notes at a 
 
 rate not less than 30 words a minute.* 
 
 623 Go away on a vacation of not less than one week on money you have earned.*© 
 
 624 Get three new subscriptions to Wohelo.*r 
 
 625 Serve as satisfactory Secretary to your Camp Fire for one year.* 
 
 626 Gather five thousand galyx leaves (a mountain industry). *r 
 
 Patriotism. Red, White, and Blue Honors. 
 
 700 Participate in organizing and carrying through a proper celebration of any 
 
 national holiday. In each case the history of the day must be known. *r 
 
 701 Organize and take part in a proper celebration of some historical event of local 
 
 or national significance.*R 
 
 702 Contribute some service to your community in connection with street cleaning.* 
 
 703 Beautifying front yards.* 
 
 704 Conservation of streams.* 
 
 705 Conservation of birds.* 
 
 706 Conservation of tree or forests.* 
 
 707 Do voluntary work for three months in connection wtih a playground, a settle- 
 
 ment, or an organization such as Organized Charities, Children’s Aid Society, 
 or similar local organization.* 
 
 708 Tell the history of your own locality and what occurred on each historical spot.* 
 
 709 Tell the history and meaning of the National Flag and of the flag of the country 
 
 from which your ancestors came.* 
 
 710 Know the flags and the rulers of ten nations.* 
 
 711 Buy and own a genuinely Indian made article; basket, bead work, silvet work, 
 
 pottery, stone work, blanket; know to what tribe its maker belongs, what 
 materials were used in its construction, and how it was made.*o (The best 
 way to help an Indian girl or woman is to buy the things she makes. It 
 means food and clothing to her and her family.) 
 
 712 Know the location, history, and present condition, both economic and religious, 
 
 of the tribe where your Indian article was made.* 
 
7 IZ 
 
 Call 
 
 Number 
 
 V iTO 
 
 Overdue books are subject to 
 a fine of 2 cents a day. 
 
 Author 
 
 Title 
 
 Name 
 
 Address 
 
 Univ. of 111. Lib. CaU Slip 
 
 lOOM— 3-32— 2082-S 
 
Call 
 
 Number 
 
 On F 
 
 U i,- 3. 
 
 Overdue books are subject to 
 a fine of 2 cents a day. 
 
 Author, 
 
 Title...... 
 
 Name 
 
 Address 
 
 Univ. of IlL Lib. CaU Slip 
 
 lOOM— 3-32— 2082-S 
 
713 
 
 714 
 
 715 
 
 7i6 
 
 717 
 
 7i8 
 
 719 
 
 720 
 
 721 
 
 722 
 
 723 
 
 724 
 
 72s 
 
 726 
 
 727 
 
 728 
 
 729 
 
 730 
 
 731 
 
 732 
 
 733 
 
 734 
 
 735 
 
 736 
 
 737 
 
 738 
 
 739 
 
 740 
 
 741 
 
 742 
 
 743 
 
 744 
 
 745 
 
 746 
 
 Honors 
 
 49 
 
 Know the uses and meaning of the design or symbols used (if possible), or some- 
 thing of the ceremony in which it is used, if it is a ceremonial basket, of your 
 Indian article. *0 
 
 Be able to sing six genuine Indian or Camp Fire songs at Camp Fire gathering.*R 
 Be able to tell six Indian legends at Camp Fire gatherings. *r 
 Know the meaning of ten Indian symbols or designs. *r 
 
 Be able to name the Indian tribes which originally inhabited your State, the 
 tribes, and number of members now living there, and their economic and 
 religious condition.* 
 
 Give brief accounts of the lives and activities of five great or well-known In- 
 dians, men or women. *r 
 
 Be able to distinguish from each other the baskets of ten diflPerent Indian 
 tribes.*** 
 
 An honor in patriotism may be given to: 
 
 Each Camp Fire Girl who participates in giving a party or dance in which the 
 girls and boys are about equal in number and in which at least two of the fol- 
 lowing dances are learned and danced by all: Virginia Reel, Portland Fancy, 
 Lady of the Lake, Howe’s (or Hull’s) Victory, Pop Goes the Weasel, Chorus 
 Jig, Lancers, Boston Fancy, French Reel, German Hopping Dance, Varsou- 
 vienne, Furetur, Gottland’s Quadrille. This honor may be repeated four 
 times in any one year, provided new dances are used each time.*R 
 Prepare plans designed to improve the conditions under which girls work in your 
 community.* 
 
 Be familiar with your national history as it affects woman’s welfare.* 
 
 Pass a satisfactory examination upon “The New Relation of Woman to the 
 World.”* (See WapaNo. I.) 
 
 State the location and function of ten institutions, public and private, in your 
 community, for all kinds of relief and betterment.* 
 
 State two public services done for the people of your locality by the federal 
 government, and by the city or township government.* 
 
 Write a paper of not less than 1,500 words describing present immigration to this 
 country, its advantages and disadvantages, and some of the problems created 
 thereby.** 
 
 State the laws in regard to fire protection of public places in your locality.* 
 Describe Boards of Health and Labor Department requirements affecting 
 ventilation and sanitation in stores and factories employing girls and women 
 in your State.* 
 
 Teach a class of not less than three, once a week, for eight months, in connection 
 with a church, tabernacle, settlement, Young Women’s Christian Association, 
 Young Women’s Hebrew Association, or other educational or social institu- 
 tion. *0 
 
 Belong to such a class for eight months and miss not more than five meetings.*© 
 Attend any religious service ten Sabbaths in three months.*© 
 
 Give brief accounts of the life and service of; 
 
 Five religious leaders.* 
 
 Five missionaries.* 
 
 Five educators.* 
 
 Five great women.* 
 
 Five statesmen.* 
 
 Five scientists.* 
 
 Three inventors.* 
 
 Five musicians.* 
 
 Five artists.* 
 
 Identify three masterpieces of each of five well-known artists.* 
 
 The same for five musicians.* 
 
 Give the history of five great heroes of your own race.* 
 
 Commit to memory the preamble to the Constitution, Lincoln’s Gettysburg 
 Address, and the first two paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence.* 
 Commit to memory one hundred verses of the Bible or an equal amount of other 
 sacred literature, as hymns, Thomas a Kempis, etc.*R 
 Lead a mission study class, organized in connection with some religious institu- 
 tion, three times.*© * 
 
50 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 747 Fill the oflBce of Secretary or Librarian in a Sunday School for one year.* 
 
 748 Out of boys or girls not formerly members of any Sunday School, create a class 
 ^ and maintain it, acting as its teacher for six months.* 
 
 749 For one term, be an officer in the Christian Endeavor Society, Epworth League, 
 
 or similar organization.* 
 
 750 Read a chapter of the Bible or other religious literature every day for three 
 
 months. *R 
 
 751 Know and sing eight standard hymns of the church. *0 
 
 752 Take care of small children on ten different occasions, thereby making it pos- 
 
 sible for the mothers to attend meetings.*o 
 
 753 Attend a course of study or lectures with a view to preparation for a distinct 
 
 type of service within a religious organization.* 
 
 754 On two occasions, take part in a public and dramatic representation of Biblical 
 
 scenes such as “Ruth and Naomi. ”*o 
 
 755 Give ten hours of actual work in voluntary service to Organized Charities or 
 
 some other charity organization, outside of regular employment.* 
 
 756 Get five members for the American Red Cross Society.* 
 
 757 Do some actual service in connection with Red Cross or some organized society 
 
 for relief work, for at least two months. *0 
 
 758 Identify and destroy two hundred egg masses of the apple tree or forest tree 
 
 caterpillar.*R 
 
 759 Identify and destroy two hundred cocoons of the white marked tussock or the 
 
 gypsy moth.*R 
 
 760 Read complete poem of Hiawatha and learn fifty lines of it.* 
 
 761 Sing with motions three of the official Camp Fire songs.* 
 
 762 Swat at least twenty-five flies every day for one month. *0 
 
 763 Know the names, homes, and occupations of grandparents and great-grand- 
 
 parents; this to include the maiden names of the grandmothers and great- 
 grandmothers.* 
 
 National Honors 
 
 Special decorations for the ceremonial gown have been adopted for 
 reward to those who make contributions which will help in the dis- 
 tinctive work of the Camp Fire Girls, such as original ideas in craft 
 work, songs, poems, plays, drawings, photographs, stories, counts 
 kept or decorated in particularly beautiful or original ways, head- 
 bands, attractive ways of wearing honors, and suggestions as to the 
 design of clothing or other articles for use. 
 
 Each article must be approved by the Guardian, and sent, by her, 
 to the National Honor department at Headquarters. It should be 
 plainly marked with the name and address of the Guardian who 
 sends it as well as that of the girl. Guardians should set high stan- 
 dards for National Honors by sending only the best work of the girls. 
 
 It is not enough that the article shall be excellent. It must also 
 pertain in some direct way to the Camp Fire Girls; no matter how 
 beautiful the decoration, the work can only receive an honor if such 
 decoration is related in some direct way to Camp Fire Girls. General 
 photographs, pieces of handwork, songs, etc., will not be given honors. 
 
Honors 5 1 
 
 no matter how excellent they are. National Honors are given for 
 Camp Fire material. 
 
 National Honors are graded as follows: 
 
 *(i) The “Uta’* Honor, meaning effort. Given for sincere, 
 worthwhile effort. 
 
 *(2) The “ Keda” Honor, meaning to think hard. Given for work 
 showing deep thought and excellence. 
 
 (3) The “Shuta” Honor, meaning to create. Given for material 
 which can be used, in part, or which can be adapted for use, in the 
 national work, or which shows especially fine Camp Fire spirit. 
 
 (4) The “Wakan” Honor, meaning inspiration. Given for articles 
 or suggestions of excellent quality which are acceptable for use in 
 WoHELO, the Manual, or for decorations or craft work showing 
 unusual ability or skill. 
 
 The designs on the National Honors are symbolic of the achieve- 
 ment for which each honor is awarded. They are divided into four 
 classes: 
 
 1. Photography; the symbol for eye with three rays of light. 
 
 2. Music and Song; a symbol for eagle and the eagle’s song. 
 
 3. Decoration and Hand Craft; Indian symbol for woman’s dress. 
 
 4. Written Thought; two Indian leaf symbols. 
 
 Upon the Wakan Honor are also painted the three flames of Work, 
 Health, and Love, within the circle which represents Camp Fire. 
 
 A girl cannot win two honors in the same class unless they are 
 Wakans; the latter may be won any number of times in each class. 
 
 In submitting the article, the Guardian should always give the 
 following information: 
 
 (a) Name and address of the girl. 
 
 (b) Age of the girl. 
 
 (c) How long she has been a Camp Fire girl. 
 
 (d) Any circumstances in the life, environment, or education of the 
 girl which will help the Committee in reaching a fair decision. 
 
 In sending poems, songs, or stories, the Guardian should select 
 those which pertain to Camp Fire work, or which bring out the Camp 
 Fire spirit. 
 
 * Because of the volume of clerical work involved, these honors have been omitted 
 for the duration of the war.* ' 
 
52 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 In taking photographs, which you purpose to submit to the Na- 
 tional Honor Committee, it is well to remember the following points: 
 
 (a) Do not look at the camera. 
 
 (b) Take silhouettes; i.e., figures outlined against the sky. 
 
 (c) Each photograph should tell a story; mere groups are of no 
 interest to others. 
 
 (d) Good indoor pictures are especially wanted; e.g., girls working 
 out any of the Elective Honors, etc. 
 
 (e) Shiny prints reproduce best. 
 
 If some special picture presents itself, it is sometimes better to 
 get a reliable photographer. The honor is then given for the inspir- 
 ation and creative thought shown. 
 
 Photographs sent to Nahequa become the property of Camp Fire 
 Girls, Inc., unless return is requested. 
 
 Articles awarded Shuta or Wakan Honors are usually exhibited for 
 a month or more at Headquarters, after which they are returned to 
 their respective owners. 
 
 Articles receiving Uta or Keda Honors are returned as soon as 
 possible after being passed by the Committee. 
 
 National Honors are not given for things done by individual 
 girls which cannot be submitted to the Committee in tangible form; 
 as, for instance, a successful recital. Honors are not given for 
 descriptions or drawings or pictures of gowns, headbands, etc. The 
 Committee must see the work for which recognition is claimed. 
 
 When a Guardian submits her own work, she should so state. 
 
 Return postage must be enclosed if the sender wishes the parcel 
 returned. 
 
 Be sure to address all packages and communications pertaining to 
 National Honors to the National Honor Committee, Camp Fire 
 Girls, 461 Fourth Avenue, New York City. 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 PROGRAMS, GAMES, AND ENTERTAINMENTS 
 
 Many Camp Fires meet oftener than once a week because the girls 
 enjoy getting together and are enthusiastic about what they are doing. 
 A well-planned meeting once a week, however, is quite enough. The 
 possibilities for the weekly meetings are inexhaustible. As there are 
 over six hundred honors to be won, there is no lack of material with 
 which to work. 
 
 The Guardian should work through the girls. Her duties are to 
 advise, direct councils, and guide the work. 
 
 The Council Fire is described in detail on pages 68-82. 
 
 It is helpful if each meeting is planned so that the group may win 
 together some definite honor; for example, walking honor No. 228. 
 Try to get outside help that is of particular value to the activity en- 
 gaged in; for instance, if you are planning a course in First Aid, secure 
 assistance if possible from a doctor or nurse, or if you are at work on 
 costumes, a costume designer or some one with a good sense of color 
 combination might be consulted. Guardians are not expected to have 
 complete knowledge of the detail of all the activities of Camp 
 Fire. 
 
 To plan meetings especially to answer the needs and demands of 
 the girls is more advisable than to follow any set program as outlined 
 in books. Study your community, find the places of interest and the 
 help that mothers and friends can give in carrying out the programs 
 of the Camp Fire, and arrange your work accordingly. 
 
 Outlined Programs 
 
 Group 1. First Meeting. Preliminary meeting with girls. 
 Present Camp Fire idea. Have Camp Fire literature (Manual, 
 ‘Wohelo,” Symbol Book, Name Book) to show them. Discuss the 
 Manual and the system of honor beads and also the type of girls 
 wanted in Camp Fire. Combine these talks with some activity such 
 as a hike. 
 
 Second Meeting. Explain the significance and importance of 
 
 53 
 
54 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 Camp Fire ceremonials and symbolism. Explain what it means for 
 Camp Fire Girls to have a National Organization 
 
 Third Meeting. Put the question “Do you girls want Camp 
 Fire or not?” Camp Fire is for the girls and is carried on by the girls 
 with the Guardian as friend and counsellor. Organize, appoint 
 officers and committees, such as Secretary, Treasurer, Program 
 Committee, Entertainment Committee, Hike Committee. Discuss 
 program for the year. Outline and draw up programs for perhaps 
 two months at a time. Learn the cheers (see page 144). 
 
 Fourth Meeting. Arrange a good hike. Plan special feature 
 (see hiking suggestions). Introduce Minute Girl program (see p. ix). 
 
 Fifth Meeting. Plan name, headband, and arrange for cere- 
 monial gown. Procure for the meeting all of the latest literature on 
 symbolism, decorations, etc. Consult the Manual on ceremonial 
 gown and symbolism. (See pp. 125, 135). Have bead looms, beads, 
 and cross-section paper ready for use. Explain importance of sym- 
 bolism, how it expresses personality, etc. 
 
 Sixth Meeting. Continue the program of the previous meeting. 
 Individual help is required for these meetings. Try to procure an 
 assistant who has had art training. 
 
 Seventh Meeting. A short time should be given at each meeting 
 to learning the songs and ritual. All must know the candle ceremony 
 with its laws, and the Camp Fire songs. 
 
 Eighth Meeting. Have a Council Fire (See Council Fire Sug- 
 gestions). 
 
 Group 2. Direct the activities of the Camp Fire toward some 
 definite end. Develop team spirit, especially in winning honors in 
 Handcraft, Camp Craft, and First Aid. Emphasize the winning of 
 outdoor honors. 
 
 First Meeting. Earn Babycraft honors 82, 83, and 84. Sugges- 
 tion: Invite a mother with baby to the meeting and bathe and put 
 the baby to bed. (Part of Honor 42.) 
 
 Second Meeting. Complete honor 42 by making a bed with draw 
 sheet. Suggestion: Have girls do this in pairs. Procure a nurse to 
 assist. Commence with bandaging or some such simple First Aid work. 
 
 Third Meeting. Earn Honors 61 and 62. Suggestion: Have a 
 
Programs, Games, and Entertainments 55 
 
 little sketch in pantomime that has to do with the common symptoms 
 of certain diseases. Prepare invalid^s tray for refreshments. Honor 9. 
 
 Fourth Meeting. Outdoor hike. Learn to make three different 
 kinds of fires. (See chapter on Fire Lore or Cooking.) 
 
 Fifth Meeting. Plan further decoration of ceremonial costume. 
 Discuss arrangement of beads. Practise songs. 
 
 Sixth Meeting. Council Fire. 
 
 Seventh Meeting. Prepare a meal for Camp Fire out-of-doors 
 or indoors. This is the first requirement for Fire Maker. 
 
 Eighth Meeting. Win Honor 74 (party). 
 
 General Suggestions. Hiking. The program for a walking 
 trip should be planned as carefully as any other program. Appoint 
 certain girls to give orders. March in units. Have interesting 
 things to do on each walk; for example, a Bird Game. This is played 
 as follows: a list is made of birds that the girls are to look for; 
 two points are given to the girl who first sees a robin, five points to 
 the girl who first sees a bluebird, etc., and ten points for a bird not 
 listed. A local honor might be given to the girl who wins the greatest 
 number of points. Similar games could be used in connection with 
 trees and flowers. Exploration trips are interesting, visits to his- 
 toric places or to factories. A walk could be combined with tracking 
 or playing games such as Hare and Hound, Hunt the Rabbit, and 
 Follow the Leader. 
 
 Suggestions for a Weekly Meeting Devoted to Craft Work. 
 
 Decorated cheese boxes make delightful receptacles to use in place of 
 sewing bags. They come in sets of six of varying sizes, and are 
 inexpensive. Smooth the box with fine sandpaper, paint or stain a 
 neutral color, then paint on it your symbol in a brighter, contrasting 
 color. To preserve the paint, apply a coat of shellac after the paint 
 is dry. 
 
 Woodblocking and stencilling play a fascinating part in craft work, 
 and either may be used in decorating the ceremonial costume. In 
 wood blocking, the design to be used is carved in a piece of pine or 
 sweet gum wood or heavy plain brown linoleum which is afterward 
 glued on a block of wood. The part to be printed is left high, and the 
 
S6 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 rest cut down at least one-eighth of an inch, except in the case of 
 fine material such as chiffon. The material to be stamped should be 
 stretched over a pad, made by covering a smooth board with news- 
 papers and tacking white muslin over it. Use Devoe’s oil paint. The 
 mordant to be mixed with the paint consists of turpentine mixed with 
 one-eighth part acetic acid and one-eighth part wintergreen. The 
 acetic acid sets the color so that the material may be washed after the 
 paint is thoroughly dry, and the wintergreen helps to neutralize the 
 odor of the turpentine and acid. The block is painted with a flat 
 brush, placed on the material, and pressed evenly with the palm of 
 the hand. By repeating the design, an artistic border can be given 
 to any material. 
 
 Stencilling gives much the same effect as woodblocking, but it is not 
 quite as interesting. The designs are cut out of stencil board, heavy 
 oiled paper, or brown paper which is afterward shellaced. This is 
 tacked on to the material and the design painted in. The material 
 is treated in much the same way as in woodblocking. Care must be 
 taken not to have the brush too wet. By mixing the ordinary com- 
 mercial dyes according to the principles used in water-color painting, 
 beautiful colors can be made for dyeing scarfs, curtains, etc. Some 
 Camp Fire girls dye their own material before they woodblock or 
 stencil it. 
 
 Wooden spoons may also be carved or painted and charmingly 
 decorated with symbols telling some interesting episodes in camp life. 
 
 Leather work. Attractive traveling cases for toilet articles, book 
 covers, bags, card cases, and mats can be made out of scrap leather. 
 (This may be either secured from a local dealer or the Camp Fire 
 Outfitting Company will sell these scraps from two to ten inches in 
 length in pound packages at a moderate cost.) After the leather is 
 dampened, symbols can be worked in attractive designs by the use of 
 orangewood sticks. 
 
 Suggestions for Crafts: Health Craft, (i) Hiking. Hike to 
 beat a previous record. (2) Folk Dancing. Combine with picnic. 
 {3) Have tennis tournaments made up of girls within the group. 
 Challenge other groups. Do the same in connection with hockey and 
 other games. 
 
Programs, Games, and Entertainments 57 
 
 Home Craft, (i) Each mother might be responsible for teaching 
 certain home craft honors. (2) Divide the Camp Fire into groups of 
 three, each group being responsible for a meal in some home. (3) 
 Have a stocking darning bee for some mother with a large family, 
 {4) Visit wholesale grocery houses, markets, and interesting local 
 concerns. 
 
 Camp Craft, (i) Tie the girls together with different kinds of 
 knots in the undoing of which they may learn Honor 323. (2) Go 
 
 for an all-night trip, sleeping and cooking out in the open. (See 
 chapter on Hikes and Camping.) (3) Go for a picnic, divide girls up 
 into squads and each build fires in different ways and use different 
 devices for cooking. (4) For amusement, suggest to the girls the 
 acting out of folk stories and impromptu “stunts.’* This is a good 
 opportunity to try out things which can be used on other occasions. 
 
 Hand Craft, (i) Experienced Camp Fire Girls might spend the 
 time at their weekly meetings in decorating and woodblocking evening 
 gowns, scarfs, and smocks, or in trimming hats. (2) Decorate a 
 Camp Fire room. Stencil or woodblock symbolic patterns on cur- 
 tains, pillows, and table covers. Be sure to get the advice of an artist, 
 if possible, before undertaking such work. (3) Encourage girls to 
 make their own Count or Record Books. Make tooled or cut leather 
 covers or use colored burlap over cardboard. A very attractive cover 
 can also be made with common brown wrapping paper. (4) Encour- 
 age the girls to use symbolism in all handcraft work and not to think 
 of it as something only for the ceremonial gown. 
 
 Nature Lore, (i) Combine all Nature Lore activities with 
 Health and Camp activities. On all-night trips, or on evening walks 
 star lore can be made interesting. (2) In Spring, encourage commun- 
 ity movements for better gardens, flower shows and community 
 fireplaces. (3) Such honors as 547 and 548 can be made interesting 
 by being used for competition at parties. (4) As a guessing game at 
 a party use Honors 534, 522, 504, etc. 
 
 Business, (i) Plan a meeting, arranging the place in the style of 
 a bank and Post Office combined. Have officers assigned and the 
 girls apply for positions. Draw checks, send telegrams, and fill out 
 money orders. Have girls dressed as telegraph messengers delivering 
 telegrams, and knowing approximately telegraph rates to the largest 
 
'58 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 cities. (2) To make such honors as 616, 617, and 618 more interest- 
 ing, arrange a debate. This can be done with many of the patriotic 
 honors. 
 
 Patriotism, (i) Hold a session of court and try an offender for 
 breaking fire laws and factory employment laws. (See Honors 727, 
 728). (2) Learn five patriotic songs and improvise motions. (3) 
 
 Work out in pantomime interesting patriotic events of past or present 
 history. (4) Demonstrate First Aid to the wounded. (5) Dramatize 
 and act Edward Everett Hale’s “The Man Without a Country.” 
 (6) Improve local surroundings for the prevention of diseases. (7) 
 Transform an unsightly piece of ground into a flower garden or pro- 
 ductive vegetable garden. 
 
 What to do at Mothers’ Meeting 
 
 1. Entertain them with the help of the girls, working at special 
 honors that will please the mothers; for instance, preparing an inva- 
 lid’s tray attractively, letting a mother play the role of the invalid. 
 Work out other honors in the same way. 
 
 2. Let the girls prepare an entertainment showing what they can do 
 in the way of reciting, playing upon musical instruments, or acting. 
 
 3. Hold an exhibition for the mothers on what the girls have done 
 since they became Camp Fire Girls, the girls serving tea and acting as 
 hostesses. 
 
 4. Hold an open meeting, asking the mothers to bring their friends, 
 and tell them what Camp Fire has done as a whole. Read to them 
 part of the Wapas which can be procured from the Camp Fire Out- 
 fitting Company, or extracts from the magazine and Count Book. 
 
 5. Let the mothers take part by having each mother tell what 
 Camp Fire has done for her girls. 
 
 6. Ask a committee of mothers to tell now they can best help the 
 girls themselves by becoming an advisory board and teaching their 
 special talent to the girls. A mother who knows how to cook well 
 could give the girls suggestions on cooking; a seamstress or dress- 
 maker, suggestions on sewing, and so on. These are a few ways in 
 which mothers can be interested in Camp Fire. The more they are 
 made to feel they are a necessary part, the more successful will be the 
 Camp Fire. 
 
Programs, Games, and Entertainments 59 
 
 Suggestions for Minute Girl Program. Select a program 
 covering a certain number of requirements to be passed by all in 
 Health, First Aid, Emergency, Cooking, and Patriotism. The girls 
 can take turns in demonstrating their knowledge. First Hike — two 
 girls could demonstrate one or two requirements connected with 
 First Aid, such as the bandaging of a sprained ankle or the care of a 
 person with a sun stroke. These can be done as impromptu “ stunts.*’ 
 Two other girls could be prepared to demonstrate their knowledge of 
 emergency cooking. One girl might be appointed cheer leader and 
 should use all the ingenuity she has to make the girls sing and really 
 enjoy it. Another girl might be commander-in-chief of the expedition 
 and should be thoroughly acquainted with the simple marching 
 commands, the distance to be covered, the amount of walking the 
 Camp Fire is able to stand. She should order rest periods and be 
 thoroughly acquainted with the territory to be covered by the hike. 
 It is a good thing to make a map of the ground to be covered. Many 
 other duties might be assigned. The girls might be appointed in 
 rotation to carry out the requirements selected by the Guardian for 
 the Minute Girl Program. A high standard should be kept and a 
 girl should not be promoted to another duty until she has thoroughly 
 fulfilled the last duty assigned. For further suggestions see Minute 
 Girl Program. 
 
 Business Meetings. All business should be conducted at the 
 Business meeting and not at the Council. It is not always necessary 
 to have a business meeting once a month. This meeting might be 
 called by the Guardian or Secretary. Consideration of how to raise 
 money for necessary Camp Fire expenses should be taken up at the 
 business meetings. This is also the time to see that honors are re- 
 corded in the Record Book and that the Count is carefully in- 
 scribed. 
 
 Parliamentary rules should be carefully studied. Girls should be- 
 come just as familiar with the rules and order of business meetings as 
 they are with the Camp Fire Law. The following program is sug- 
 gested for a Business Meeting, (i) Call to order by the President. 
 (2) Wohelo Song. (3) Roll Call. (4) Minutes of last meeting. 
 (5) Treasurer’s report. (6) Old Business. (7) New Business. 
 
TRBIHfcT' HRHO^ HHV FINGER 
 
62 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 (8) Reports of Committees. (9) Recording of Honors in Record 
 Book and decorating of Count. (10) Adjournment. 
 
 Each Camp Fire would find it helpful to have in addition to the 
 Record Book a Business Record Book in which only business matters 
 are recorded. Definite spaces could be given to the date of organiza- 
 tion, the date on which dues become payable, date on which dues are 
 paid, etc. All receipts could be kept in a paper pocket or envelope 
 pasted in the Business Record Book. Records carefully kept in this 
 way will enable the girls to know just where they stand financially at 
 any time, and avert misunderstanding in regard to dues and date of 
 payment. 
 
 Honors, counts, etc., should be recorded in the regular Record Book. 
 
 The Guardian is a member of the Business Meeting and has a right 
 to vote on all matters brought before the meeting, her vote to be 
 counted just as is that of other members of the Camp Fire. The 
 Guardian is the official of the Camp Fire who is recognized at Nahequa 
 and is responsible to Nahequa. 
 
 Money should be deposited in the bank in the name of the Camp 
 Fire and each check should be signed by the Guardian and treasurer 
 of the Camp Fire. The money belongs to the Camp Fire and cannot 
 be expended without the vote of the Camp Fire. 
 
 Games 
 
 Games should cultivate fair play and honesty, quick sight, memory, 
 keen sense of touch and sound. They should develop the spirit of 
 ‘‘give and take” and the girls should be made to realize that health 
 and vigor are derived from playing games that require physical action, 
 as well as the joy of winning and the social benefits. Every Camp 
 Fire should possess a good book of games. Two points to remember 
 in supervising games are: 
 
 1. To test the game, secure a clear knowledge of it. 
 
 2. To give simple, clear instructions. 
 
 Athletic Games. — Games of this type are the most popular. 
 They develop strength, alertness, and endurance. Health Craft 
 Honors 205 and 206 belong to this class. Sports such as mountain 
 climbing, cross-country hikes, sailing, skating, and snowshoeing prove 
 
Camp Fire Girls making bird houses 
 
The Hand Sign of the Fire 
 
Programs, Games, and Entertainments 63 
 
 of the same physical benefit without quite so much of the element of 
 competition. 
 
 Team Games. A Camp Fire forms a splendid team for competing 
 with other Camp Fires. Combined effort to achieve the same end 
 is the principle involved in all team games, and it is of particular 
 advantage for girls to develop this spirit. Girls should be provided 
 with games and activities where they learn to be a part of a whole. 
 Boys and men get this training in games a^nd later on in business, but 
 girls’ team work stops soon after they leave school unless they, too, 
 enter the business profession. Team games, such as hockey, volley 
 ball, basket-ball, archery, baseball, soccer, prisoner’s base, and 
 captain ball are used extensively in Camp Fire circles. The following 
 is an example of a team game that offers great opportunity for in- 
 genuity and for adventure. It can be amplified, but it is given here 
 in the simplest form. 
 
 Scout Game. Number of players: Any number over six. These 
 are divided into two sides. Both sides have goals which are from one- 
 half to a mile (optional) apart on a direct line. 
 
 Place. Anywhere in open country or woods. 
 
 Object. To reach the opponent’s goal without being observed and 
 to return to own goal. 
 
 Time. Fifteen minutes to one hour given (optional according to^ 
 distance between goals). 
 
 Rules. I. If a player sees an opponent and calls him by name 
 saying, “You are dead,” the person seen has to drop out of the game. 
 
 2. A player reaching the opponent’s goal unseen scores one point — 
 returning to his own goal, one more point. 
 
 Suggestions. It is well to divide each team into Scouts and Guards. 
 The Scouts try to reach the opponents’ goal. The Guards try to kill 
 the opposing side. 
 
 Officials. There shall be a referee who keeps the time, who watches 
 the players and regulates the game. 
 
 Volley Ball. This is one of the most popular team games and is 
 rapid and exhilarating. It is played by persons of all ages, indoors, 
 and outdoors. Two teams are chosen with usually six players on a 
 
64 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 team, but more players may be added. The object of the game is to 
 keep the ball from touching the court on your side and making it 
 touch the court on your opponents’ side. The open hand is used 
 in batting the ball — the ball must never be held, dribbled, or caught. 
 
 The Court, The general dimensions of a volley ball court are sixty 
 feet by thirty feet. However, the game can be played on less ground. 
 A tennis net or one similar is stretched across the court as in tennis, 
 except that the upper edge of the net must be seven and one-half feet 
 from the ground. 
 
 Position of Players. Each piayer has an assigned place at the 
 beginning of the game but this position is changed as the players take 
 turns serving. For instance, if there are six players on a team and 
 number one is serving the ball, at the end of her service, which occurs 
 only when her side fails to return the ball over the net, or when a foul 
 play has been made, she moves to the place occupied by number six 
 and number six moves to the place occupied by number five and so on. 
 The server stands either entirely behind the line or with one or both 
 feet on the edge of the line. She stands anywhere she chooses on the 
 back line. 
 
 The Serve and Return. The ball is tossed into the air and batted 
 with the open hand to the opponents’ court, or it is batted to a member 
 of the same team and then to the opponents’ court. The receiving 
 team returns the ball without allowing it to fall to the floor or go out 
 of bounds. Failure to do this means one point credited to the serving 
 side. If the receiving team bats the ball back to the serving team so 
 they cannot return the ball, the right of serving is forfeited. Only 
 the side serving scores. One point is scored every time the receiving 
 team fails to return the ball over the net; that is, when it goes out of 
 bounds or when the ball is played contrary to rules. If the side serv- 
 ing sends the ball out of bounds, the right of serving is given to the 
 receiving team. Any but a served ball may be recovered from the 
 net. The team wins that first scores twenty-one points. 
 
 The ball used is about twenty-seven inches in circumference, round 
 laced, and weighs about eight ounces. It is made of pigskin or kid. 
 
 Dodge Ball. This may be played with any number of people. 
 Half the players form a circle, the other half stand within the circle. 
 
Programs, Games, and Entertainments 65 
 
 The players forming the circle throw the ball at those within. Who- 
 ever is hit below the knee takes her place in the circle. The last per- 
 son remaining within the circle is the winner. This may also be 
 played as one team against another. The time it takes to hit all the 
 players within the circle is recorded. After the last person inside the 
 circle is hit, those forming the circle at the beginning of the game go 
 within and the others form the new circle and try to knock their op- 
 ponents out in a shorter space of time. 
 
 Keep Ball. To be played by any number of people. The players 
 are divided into two teams with an equal number on each side. Each 
 team tries to keep the ball from the opposite side. There is no set 
 line formation in this game. The ball is simply passed from one 
 member of the team to another. Tripping or catching hold of a 
 player is not allowed. 
 
 To these games should be added some of the various kinds of races: 
 potato, obstacle, wheelbarrow, hopping, jumping, and relay. 
 
 Indoor Games. These consist mostly of mental exercises, such as 
 guessing the acting out of book title (Charades), songs, poems, 
 advertisements, or elective honors. Historical tableaus or games 
 that call for skill in demonstration or construction, such as dressing 
 up peanuts and clothespins and making dolls or animals out of them, 
 make good indoor amusements. Quick sighted games such as hold- 
 ing up several colors for an instant before a group of people and then 
 having them write down as many of the colors as they can remember 
 are good mental training as well as amusing. This game may also 
 be played by putting together various objects in a room, then cover- 
 ing them and having the players record the objects, or have them 
 look out of a window for a given space of time and record the objects 
 seen. 
 
 Impromptu “Stunts.” A good stunt of this kind is the writing of 
 a newspaper. Assign to each a special department of the work such 
 as advertising manager, editorial writer, cartoonist, society editor, 
 etc. This idea can be used in continued stories, poems, songs, etc. 
 Other impromptu stunts are instructive games such as imitating the 
 business carried on in a post-office, bank, library, correspondence 
 
66 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 department of stores or business houses, record and filing depart- 
 ments, or the work done by the officials of a city, or the method of 
 introducing a bill into Congress, or the registration in college and the 
 first week of college. The success of these things depends largely 
 upon the ingenuity of the Guardian. 
 
 How to Give a Successful Entertainment 
 
 A good entertainment often fails financially because a few general 
 rules have not been followed that are absolutely necessary for its 
 success. A few suggestions follow: 
 
 1. A play must be well advertised. This is a point that is often 
 omitted; you cannot expect good press notices unless you patronize 
 the papers; the money comes back every time. 
 
 2. Always send complimentary tickets to newspaper reporters. 
 Take some special trouble to make their acquaintance, and interest 
 them in the play and its objects. 
 
 3. A good way to get posters is to have a competition among the 
 girls and a prize awarded for the best poster. This competition must 
 be held well in advance of the play, as the posters should be shown 
 in prominent places in the town at least two weeks before the per- 
 formance. 
 
 4. Tickets for the play should always be sold in advance; this is the 
 surest way to obtain good financial results. To encourage the sale 
 of tickets, one ticket may be given away to each person who sells a 
 certain number. It is always worth while to have some reserved 
 seats. 
 
 5. Form a committee of influential people in the town who will act 
 as patrons; the more people you can interest in your work, the more 
 successful it will be. 
 
 6. Get your pastors interested. 
 
 7. If the play is of an ambitious nature, secure the best coach pos- 
 sible. Photographs should be taken and exhibited in advance. 
 Papers will often accept material with photographs which will other- 
 wise be refused. 
 
 8. Don’t work too long on a play as the actors are likely to become 
 overtrained. 
 
 9. Plays should not be too long. 
 
Programs, Games, and Entertainments 67 
 
 10. The main points to remember in an amateur performance are: 
 start on time; avoid delay between scenes; have a smoothly running 
 curtain; keep quiet behind the scenes; speak slowly and clearly; do 
 not hurry. 
 
 10. The Drama League of America recommends highly “ Plays for 
 Amateurs,” arranged by John Mantel Clapp, price $.25 at the Drama 
 League of America, 736 Marquette Building, Chicago, Illinois. This 
 book gives valuable hints for giving plays, and the names and descrip- 
 tions of reliable plays. The Camp Fire Plays can be procured from 
 the Camp Fire Outfitting Company. 
 
 11. A popular form of entertainment is to combine a short play with 
 a variety program. Songs in character are always liked, tableaux of 
 well-known pictures, either still or with motion. Flower songs can 
 be made attractive by making large paper flowers. It is always 
 worth while to take a little extra trouble over costuming to make a 
 song, chorus, or recitation attractive. Cheese cloth and colored 
 paper can be used in endless ways. 
 
 12. Try to write a play. In summer, one can give a play out-of- 
 doors amidst natural scenery with very little expense. 
 
 Pageants illustrating some historical event or legend of special 
 interest to the locality are excellent means of raising money, for 
 they are educational as well as entertaining, and everybody will turn 
 out to see their relatives taking part. 
 
/ CHAPTER VI 
 
 . COUNCIL FIRE 
 
 1. Council Fire. A Council Fire is an intimate affair. Very 
 rarely should any outsiders be admitted, and then it should only be 
 the mothers or special friends. When it is desired to have a public 
 exhibition or a grand rally, a Grand Council Fire is held, to which all 
 are invited. 
 
 The Council Fire is the most important meeting of the month. 
 It is at this meeting that the work of the month is brought to a focus, 
 honors are awarded, and ranks bestowed. 
 
 Each Camp Fire may select or arrange a program for carrying on 
 its own meetings. It adds much to the interest to have some original 
 ceremonies. 
 
 The ritual of the ceremonial meeting is so highly thought of every- 
 where that great care should be given to the way in which it is pre- 
 sented in order not to lower the standard. For example, when a 
 girl forgets her lines and nervously laughs, much of the dignity of the 
 ceremony is lost. A well-balanced program provides for the inter- 
 mingling of dignity and entertainment; each has its place. 
 
 2. Preparation, (i) The ceremonial names should be used at the 
 Council Fire. The Guardian herself should also have a name, symbol, 
 and gown. Nothing adds more to the spirit of the Council Fire 
 than the general appearance of the girls and Guardian. Khaki or 
 dark bloomers should be worn underneath the gown; underskirts 
 of any kind or color are undesirable. The stockings and footwear 
 should be of a uniform color, preferably tan. The entire atmosphere 
 of the Council Fire is changed when the girls conform to these 
 rules. 
 
 (2) A list of the honors should be given or sent to the Guardian 
 long enough before a Council Fire takes place to allow time for hold- 
 ing the necessary examination in the subjects presented for honors, 
 and to arrange the program without confusion. 
 
 (3) All the girls taking part in the ceremony should know the fol- 
 
 68 
 
Council Fire 
 
 69 
 
 lowing: Council step; hand sign of Fire; candle ceremony, and the 
 following songs — “Wohelo for Aye,” “Burn, Fire, Burn,” “Work 
 Song,” “Mammy Moon,” “Lay me to Sleep,” “The Sun is Sinking,” 
 “Now our Camp Fire’s Burning Low,” the “Law” and the “De- 
 sires”; “Ode to Fire”; the way to enter and leave the Council Fire. 
 
 (4) A definite, well-balanced program should be planned before- 
 hand. It is better to have fewer Council Fires and retain their dignity 
 and interest. 
 
 (5) In the Ceremonial Step used for coming in and going out at a 
 Council Fire, the girl pauses slightly on each forward step, the weight 
 being on the forward foot, and the body slightly bent in that di- 
 rection. 
 
 (6) The Guardian should have her program and a list of the honors 
 to be awarded in writing. If many honors are to be awarded to 
 one girb it saves time for the Guardian to have them strung together 
 with the name attached before presenting them. 
 
 (7) Place of the Council Fire. If indoors, the room should be 
 arranged so that the girls may sit in a circle on the floor or in a half 
 circle aljout the fireplace. The only light should be that of the fire 
 or the candles. If given out-of-doors, secure a quiet, secluded spot. 
 Care should be taken that wood is gathered beforehand so that it is 
 ready for immediate use. A Council Fire is doubly impressive in 
 natural surroundings. 
 
 3. Suggestions for a Council Fire. The fire, when possible, 
 should be in the center of the circle, and it shpuld be prepared ready 
 for lighting before the meeting. The Guardian stands in her place 
 in the circle, the girls remaining some distance off until the Guardian 
 sounds the call “Wohelo.” The girls answer with the same call 
 and, one by one, silently come to the place of meeting. The Guardian 
 salutes each girl as she comes in with the hand sign of fire, and is 
 given an answering salute in the same way. Then the girl takes her 
 seat in the circle. There is no set rule about beginning a Council 
 Fire. The girls may make the hand sign when directly opposite the 
 Guardian and alternately take their seat at the right and left in the 
 circle, or they may remain standing until the circle is complete and 
 they have sung an opening song. 
 
yo Camp Fire Girls 
 
 4. Lighting of the Fire. The Fire is kindled either by the 
 use of rubbing sticks or matches. If the candle lighting ceremony is 
 used, three Fire Makers or Wood Gatherers may light the candles. 
 
 5. Candle Lighting Ceremony. The Wohelo ceremony shows 
 how a picturesque form may be given to a very simple act — the 
 lighting of the candles when indoors or fires when out-of-doors. The 
 fire-lighting maidens step in turn to their respective candles repre- 
 senting Work, Health, and Love, in the center of the circle. A taper 
 is lighted by the Guardian and handed to one of the girls, who kneels 
 on her right knee and says: 
 
 “I light the light of Work, for Wohelo means work.’* 
 
 She lights one candle, then stands and says: 
 
 “We glorify work, because through 
 work we are free. We work to 
 win, to conquer, to be masters. 
 
 We work for the joy of the work- 
 ing, and because we are free. 
 
 Wohelo means work.” 
 
 She then hands the taper to the Guardian, remaining behind the 
 lighted candle. The Guardian hands the taper to the second girl 
 who, in the manner just described says, “I light the light of Health, 
 for Wohelo means health.” After lighting the candle she stands 
 and says: 
 
 “We hold on to health, because 
 through health we serve and are 
 happy. In caring for the health 
 and beauty of our persons we are 
 caring for the very shrine of the 
 Great Spirit. 
 
 Wohelo means health.” 
 
 She likewise remains behind her candle while the third girl lights 
 the light of love, saying “ I light the light of Love, for Wohelo means 
 love.” After lighting the last candle, she stands and says: 
 
Council Fire 
 
 73 
 
 “We love Love, for love is life, 
 and light and joy and sweetness. 
 
 And love is comradeship and motherhood, 
 and fatherhood and all dear kinship. 
 
 Love is the joy of service so deep 
 that self is forgotten. 
 
 Wohelo means love.” 
 
 The three girls then return to their places in the circle. 
 
 6. Fire Lighting Ceremony. The wood and kindling are 
 brought to the hearth by the Wood Gatherers, and the Fire Makers 
 arrange the wood for lighting. When all are seated around the place 
 of the fire, a Torch Bearer or the Guardian lights the fire. The fire- 
 lighting ceremony is completed by the group repeating the “Ode to 
 Fire” in unison, or by singing “Burn, Fire, Burn,” or some other 
 appropriate song. 
 
 Ode to Fire 
 
 O Fire! 
 
 Long years ago when our fathers fought with great animals, you 
 were their protection. 
 
 From the cruel cold of winter, you saved them. 
 
 When they needed food, you changed the flesh of beasts into savory 
 meat for them. 
 
 During all the ages your mysterious flame has been a symbol to them 
 for Spirit. 
 
 So to-night, we light Our fire in remembrance of the Great Spirit 
 who gave you to us. 
 
 7. The Roll Call. The roll call is given by the ceremonial 
 names, each girl present responding “ Kolah.” This means “friend.” 
 
 8. The Count. The Count of the last ceremonial meeting and of 
 the things that the Camp Fire Girls have done as a group since then is 
 read. This is written by the girls in rotation, often in rhyme or verse. 
 
 The girl or girls who are to write the Count for the next meeting are 
 appointed by the Guardian. Two or three girls often work well 
 together, especially when they really belong together. 
 
72 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 9. The Awarding of Honors. It is usually advisable to ask some 
 such questions as will call for demoi^trations or proofs of the knowl- 
 edge of the subject for honors won, even if the girls have been pre- 
 viously examined. This also provides entertainment for the Council. 
 After the honors have been awarded, the Guardian may say: 
 
 “With deepest pride to-night I give 
 These strings of beads to you who stand. 
 
 Some were by hardest effort won. 
 
 And some perchance more easily. 
 
 Because to win them only meant 
 The doing of your best loved task, 
 
 Yet right worth winning since our aim 
 Is to make work and duties all 
 So full of health’s attendant glow. 
 
 So joyous and so rich in love. 
 
 So fired and colored by fancy’s play 
 That drudgery is drowned in song 
 And work and play go hand in hand.” 
 
 The Work Song then closes this part of the program. 
 
 10. Receiving New Members. Guardians should feel free to 
 vary this ceremony to suit the conditions of the moment and by no 
 means allow it to become stereotyped. The following is offered as a 
 suggestion: 
 
 The girls to become Camp Fire Girls take their places just outside 
 the circle near the Guardian. At the chosen time the Guardian says: 
 
 “Two (or any number) maidens have come desiring to sit by our 
 fire and help tend it. As we grow in numbers may we grow in Work, 
 Health, and Love.” 
 
 The girls all rise, the Guardian turns to the new girls and says to 
 the first: 
 
 “Is it your desire to become a Camp Fire Girl and to follow the 
 Law of the Fire?” 
 
 The girl says: 
 
 “It is my desire to become a Camp Fire Girl and to obey the Law 
 of the Camp Fire, which is to” — (Here she repeats the Law.) 
 
Council Fire 73 
 
 “This Law of the Fire I will strive to follow.” Then the Guardian 
 says: 
 
 “As Guardian of the Fire, we welcome you as a member of the 
 Camp Fire.” 
 
 The girls sing “Wohelo For Aye” or a welcome song. The cere- 
 mony is repeated for each new member. 
 
 II. Initiation of Wood Gatherers. The Guardian says: 
 
 “One (or any number) of our Camp Fire Girls is to become a Wood 
 Gatherer. Will she rise?” 
 
 To the girl she says: 
 
 “Minnetoska (the girFs ceremonial name), will you tell us how 
 you chose your name?” 
 
 The girl answers: 
 
 “Minnetoska means Happy Laughter. The Law of the Fire says 
 ‘ Be Happy,* and I have tried to earn my right to this name by washing 
 the dishes every morning for two weeks and being happy while I was 
 doing it. As my symbol, I have chosen the Black-Eyed Susan be- 
 cause I have brown eyes and because the yellow of the petals stands 
 for sunshine, and I want sunshine for every-one in my eyes.** 
 
 Guardian: “Minnetoska brings to her council ‘Happy Laughter 
 and Sunshine.* We welcome you to your place in the Camp Fire 
 circle.** 
 
 The Guardian then presents the Wood Gatherer*s ring to the girl, 
 and says: 
 
 “As Guardian of the Fire and in token of your having fulfilled the 
 six requirements necessary for the rank of Wood Gatherer, I place 
 on the little finger of your left hand this ring with its design of seven 
 fagots symbolic of the seven points of the Law of the Fire, which 
 you have here expressed your desire to follow, and of the three circles 
 on either side, symbolic of the three watch-words of this organization. 
 Work, Health, and Love.** The Guardian asks all the girls to rise 
 and together they say: 
 
 “As fagots are brought from the forest 
 Firmly held by the sinews which bind them. 
 
 So cleave to these others, your sisters. 
 
 Wherever, whenever you find them. 
 
74 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 “ Be strong as the fagots are sturdy, 
 
 Be pure in your deepest desire; 
 
 Be true to the truth that is in you; 
 
 And — follow the Law of the Fire.” 
 
 To which the Wood Gatherer replies, giving the Wood Gatherer’s 
 Desire (see p. 21). 
 
 The girls sing a cheer. 
 
 The ceremony i/s repeated for each new Wood Gatherer. 
 
 12. Initiation of Fire Maker. Guardian: “Ayu is to take 
 rank of Fire Maker to-day.” The girl stands. 
 
 Guardian: “Ayu has won the twenty elective honors as recorded 
 
 in the Count of this, the Camp Fire (giving the name of the 
 
 local Camp Fire) and as shown by the beads of honor which she is 
 now wearing. She has acceptably completed the requirements by 
 preparing the meals for this Camp Fire, by showing a record of the 
 time that she has slept with open windows, that she has spent in 
 outdoor exercises, and that she has gone without candy and sodas 
 between meals with her adventures in so doing. She presents her 
 cash account and the stockings which she has darned. She will now 
 complete her demonstrations before the Council by showing us the 
 use of the triangular bandage and two ways to use surgeon’s plaster.” 
 
 The girl passes the stockings and account book around for inspec- 
 tion and, using another girl for patient, shows the methods of ban- 
 daging. (Demonstrations of some other requirement may be sub- 
 stituted.) 
 
 Before a Council or Grand Council, girls should be ready to demon- 
 strate or answer questions in regard to any of the required honors 
 they have won in earning a new rank. 
 
 Guardian: ‘‘Ayu, will you now repeat the Fire Maker’s Desire” 
 (p. 23) ? The Guardian then bestows the Fire Maker’s bracelet, and 
 repeats : 
 
 ‘‘Upon your arm a charm I place, 
 
 A charm of unseen fire. 
 
 To burn within your heart of hearts 
 And light your soul to its desire. 
 
 Upon your arm, this silver charm.” 
 
Council Fire 
 
 75 
 
 13. Initiation of Torch Bearers. As this rank Is the most 
 difficult to attain, it should have special recognition. The Guardian 
 should give a summary of the girl’s Camp Fire work and show in 
 what respect she has proved herself capable of leading others and 
 bringing out the best that is in them. If the girl wins the rank 
 as a craftsman, she should demonstrate in some way her special 
 craft. 
 
 Initiation. Guardian: “ Yaka is to take the rank of Torch Bearer 
 to-day.” The candidate stands. The Guardian says: “Yaka has 
 met all the requirements to become a Torch Bearer. She has won 
 more than the necessary fifteen elective honors. She has been a good 
 ‘team worker’ with girls, yielding her own personal desires to those 
 of the group. She has made happy four little children once a week 
 for three months. Yaka, will you please rise and repeat the Torch 
 Bearer’s desire?” All sing a cheer to Yaka. 
 
 14. Suggestions for Entertainment, (i.) Have Folk dances, 
 original motion songs, symbolic representations of Work, Health, 
 and Love in the form of a dance. Dances interpreting various crafts 
 (see “Minnetoska’s Dream”) or representing flowers or seasons. 
 
 (2.) Act out legends and fairy tales either in pantomime or other- 
 wise; take simple legends with plenty of motion. 
 
 (3.) Dramatize the winning of the elective honors such as (a) A 
 day with the baby — the old way and the modern way of caring for 
 the baby; (b) Washing dishes and taking ca>e of a room; (c) Care of 
 a sickroom; (d) A day in camp; (e) A walking trip; (f) Emergen- 
 cies; Care of a sprained ankle; (g) Dramatize Work, Health, and 
 Love or seven crafts. These can all be made amusing, as well as 
 dramatic, and yet not detract from the dignity of the Council Fire. 
 
 15. Camp Fire Talk. The Guardian should plan to have some 
 one talk on the law, some of the honors, Wohelo, or some subject in 
 which the Camp Fire is at the time especially interested. This is not 
 the place, however, for a formal address, but it is good to have an 
 informal talk by a sympathetic person who is the guest for the evening. 
 It is also an opportunity for the Guardian to get very near to her 
 girls. 
 
76 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 16. Singing of Songs, (a) Boating Song. It is well to sing a few 
 songs before the closing songs if time permits. 
 
 (b) “Mammy Moon” with motions. 
 
 (c) “Lay Me to Sleep.” This is sung while the girls are in the 
 recumbent position at the close. of the song “Mammy Moon.” 
 
 (d) Closing Song — “The Sun is Sinking.” Words by Helen Hunt: 
 Tune: “Drink to Me Only with Thine Eyes.” 
 
 “The sun is sinking in the West, 
 
 The evening shadows fall, 
 
 Across the silence of the lake 
 We hear the loon’s low call. 
 
 So let us too the silence keep 
 And softly steal away 
 To rest and sleep, until the morn 
 Brings forth another day.” 
 
 This is sung through once. Then the girls rise and file out, still 
 singing. 
 
 17. Fire Extinguishing Ceremony: 
 
 Wohelo means work; 
 
 Though the flame we extinguish 
 Yet the symbol remaineth; 
 
 In our hearts is the glory 
 And the freedom or workers. 
 
 Go we forth then with gladness 
 To show unto others 
 The thought of Wohelo 
 Translated to service. 
 
 Wohelo means Health; 
 
 And the flame that we lighted 
 May its message leave with us, 
 
 A message of beauty 
 
 And of health to be treasured. 
 
 Go we forth then with gladness 
 To show unto others 
 
Council Fire 
 
 77 
 
 What the Camp Fire has taught us 
 The keen joy of living. 
 
 Wohelo means Love, 
 
 And its flame ever burneth, 
 
 Nor need we the candle for 
 
 Heart deep its fire 
 
 Its sweetness and power; 
 
 Go we forth then with gladness 
 To show unto others 
 Wherever they need us 
 A love that will fail not. 
 
 1. Wohelo Call 
 
 2. Entrance and hand sign of Fire 
 
 3. “Wohelo for Aye’^ 
 
 4. Fire lighting or candle cere- 
 
 mony 
 
 5. “Burn, Fire, Burn’' 
 
 6. Law of the Fire 
 
 7. Roll call 
 
 8. Count 
 
 9. Appoint keeper of Count 
 18. Closing Song- 
 
 Council Fire Program 
 
 10. Awarding of Honors 
 
 II. 
 
 Work Song” 
 
 Receiving new members 
 Awarding ranks of Wood 
 Gatherer, Fire Maker and 
 Torch Bearer 
 
 Songs, dances, or stunts, etc. 
 Camp Fire talk or story 
 Mammy Moon” 
 
 Lay Me to Sleep” 
 
 “The Sun is Sinking” or “Now our Camp Fire 
 Fadeth.” 
 
 13 * 
 
 14 - 
 
 15- 
 16. 
 17 - 
 
 Grand Council Fires 
 
 I. Purpose. The Grand Council Fire consists of three or more 
 Camp Fires coming together. It may include all the Camp Fires 
 of one locality or of a Guardians’ Association. Each Camp Fire is 
 a unit of the Grand Council Fire just as each girl is a unit in the Camp 
 Fire of which she is a member. Therefore instead of answering to 
 the roll call individually, each group responds as a unit. 
 
 A Grand Council should be an impressive ceremony; it is not 
 primarily for outsiders, but it serves as a beautiful way of presenting 
 Camp Fire to the public when the latter are admitted; a fee may 
 be charged which oftentimes goes to the Guardians’ Association to 
 
jS Camp Fire Girls 
 
 be used for promotion of Camp Fire activities. Grand Councils 
 should not be held too often. If this is done, it takes away from the 
 dignity and impressiveness of the individual group, as well as from the 
 Grand Council Fire. 
 
 The purpose of the Grand Council Fire is the inspiration that 
 comes from bringing groups together for the exchange of ideas. It 
 helps to unify the work, and to make the members of individual groups 
 realize more fully that each unit is an important factor in carrying 
 on the same ideals for which Camp Fire stands as a whole. It is 
 inspiring to see two or three hundred girls, uniformly dressed, but 
 each gown expressing individual thought. Such a gathering helps 
 toward that feeling of democracy which is necessary for Community 
 work of any kind. 
 
 2. Preparation, (i.) A written program containing full particu- 
 lars should be in the hands of each Guardian at least two weeks before 
 the Grand Council is to take place. (2.) Some one should be responsi- 
 ble for leading the songs and should see that the motions are carried 
 out in a uniform way by all the groups, and that the Council step, 
 hand sign, ritual, law, desires, etc., are known by all. No girl should 
 be allowed in the circle who is not wearing the ceremonial gown. 
 If even one girl fails to wear the uniform, the whole effect is spoiled. 
 
 3. Suggestions. There is no one form for holding a Grand Coun- 
 cil Fire, but certain general principles should always be observed: 
 
 (1) If the Council is to be impressive and dignified, the girls should 
 not be seen or heard by the audience either before or after the pro- 
 gram. 
 
 (2) Council Fires should begin on time. Girls and guests weary of 
 waiting, and a bad impression is made. 
 
 (3) As an introduction to the Council before the girls come in, 
 some suitable song might be sung, such as “Wake Ye, Arise,” “In- 
 vocation to the Sun God,” one of C. F. Troyer's Zuni Indian Songs 
 (published by the Camp Fire Outfitting Company), or a bugle call 
 (Wohelo for Aye). 
 
 4. Entrance. The leader of the Grand [Council Fire stands in 
 her place in the circle. At her call of Wohelo, answered in the dis- 
 
Camp Fire Girls of Alaska singing ‘‘ Mammy Moon 
 
A call to action 
 
 Strenuous practice of First Aid at Winona Fields 
 
Council Fire 
 
 79 
 
 tance by all, each Camp Fire silently enters in turn, led by the 
 Guardian, all using the Council step. A distance of about fifteen, 
 feet should be left between the entrance of each group. This is one 
 way to distinguish one Camp Fire from another. Groups may enter 
 together from two, three, or four corners of the room, their places 
 having been assigned beforehand. Make a double circle if there is 
 not room for a single one. 
 
 5. Hand Sign. This may be made by each Camp Fire when it has 
 taken its place in the circle, at a sign from the leader. The Camp 
 Fire remains standing until all the groups have passed in. Or, the 
 hand sign may be made altogether after all the Camp Fires have 
 assembled. 
 
 6. Fire Lighting. Great care should be taken in the lighting effect.. 
 Do not use artificial light for the candle ceremony. If the circle is 
 very large, three groups of three candles may be used. If sufficient 
 light cannot be obtained by this method, artificial light, half obscured, 
 should be turned on to enable the spectators to see what is going on. 
 At Grand Councils, it is preferable wherever possible to have the 
 group act as a whole, or groups of a few girls from the various groups 
 act as units. For instance, in the candle lighting ceremony, suppose 
 a triangle was made with units of three candles on each side repre- 
 senting Work, Health, and Love. Three girls might form a unit to 
 light the light of Work, three to light the light of Health, and three 
 to light the light of Love. 
 
 7. Roll Call. The Roll Call is made by groups which may answer 
 in various ways, such as holding up their right arm, standing, giving 
 their name in unison, or possibly singing their own Camp Fire Cheer. 
 Cheers in the form of songs are much more preferable and more ap- 
 propriate for girls than yells. 
 
 8. Honors. Honor beads should not be awarded to an individual 
 unless a large National honor is to be presented. An opportunity 
 is here given, however, of showing to the public the nature of our 
 elective honor system. For instance, all girls who have won the 
 honor for walking forty miles might be called upon to stand, and credit 
 given them. There are many attractive ways of bringing our honor 
 
8o 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 system to the public so that people may gain a wider knowledge of 
 Camp Fire. At one Grand Council six girls were picked from each 
 group who had won honors in the different crafts; six who had won 
 Homecraft honors, six who had won Healthcraft honors, and so on 
 through all the seven crafts. These girls were called upon by the 
 leader to stand and give a brief account of how they won the honors 
 in that particular craft. 
 
 9. Initiations. It means a great deal to a girl to be initiated at a 
 Grand Council Fire and there are ways of making this especially im- 
 pressive. 
 
 (i .) Applicants for the rank of Wood Gatherer might be called upon 
 to step to the centre of the circle beside the leader and stand around 
 the candles. The leader should then question the girls as to their 
 knowledge of the requirements for this rank, and award the rings. 
 Then the girls should repeat the Wood Gatherer’s Desire and return 
 to their places, when all the members of the circle might join hands 
 and repeat the Wood Gatherer’s Desire. Initiation into the other 
 ranks might be done in the same manner. 
 
 (2.) Sometimes Torch Bearers and Fire Makers, under the direction 
 of the leader, might examine applicants for new ranks, but the bestow- 
 ing of the ranks should be left to the leader. 
 
 (3.) If there are no ranks to be bestowed, the Wood Gatherers, the 
 Fire Makers, and Torch Bearers might in turn form an inner circle 
 and repeat the Desire of their particular rank. 
 
 10. Entertainment. This should be by the Camp Fires, not by 
 individual girls. Acting in pantomime is preferable, as the voice is 
 rarely heard in a large circle. The “stunts” should be well chosen, 
 appropriate to Camp Fire, and they should not take up much time 
 from the ceremony. The suggestions given for Council Fires may be 
 enlarged upon for Grand Councils, the groups acting as units. 
 
 Our National Anthem should be sung; if possible, secure a bugle 
 accompaniment. The close of the meeting is made effective by 
 having a group of girls who sing well step to the center and sing while 
 the rest file out. Then they pick up the candles and follow. The 
 first singers to leave should continue their song in a lower voice 
 outside until the last girl has passed out. 
 
Council Fire 
 
 8i 
 
 Sunday Ceremonial 
 
 Guardians are realizing more and more the possibilities of using the 
 Council Fire as a great opportunity for Sunday, either in private 
 with the girls, or in the Parish House, or even having it take the place 
 of the Vesper Service. This Council coflld be held in three ways: 
 
 1. A Grand Council Fire which is held by vote of all the Guardians, 
 the program being carried out in the usual way. 
 
 2. A Council Fire of the Camp Fires of a certain church, neighbor- 
 ing Camp Fires being invited to attend and participate, in which case 
 the relation is that of hostess and guests. 
 
 3. Just a Church Council Fire at a Sunday Service. All cheers 
 should be omitted and also everything that is humorous, far- 
 cical, or ridiculous, although the latter might be perfectly appropriate 
 at any other time. When the Church Council is in public, intimate 
 talks between girls and Guardians are of course omitted. “Burn, 
 Fire, Burn” and “Mystic Fire” are the only Motion Songs appropri- 
 ate for Sunday. “Lay Me to Sleep” is a good song for the occasion. 
 All hymns, Bible readings, and talks should be chosen to illustrate 
 the Camp Fire Law and Ideals — work, health, and love, fire, beauty, 
 and nature, etc. Initiations at this time are not desirable, but this is 
 left to the discretion of the Guardian. 
 
 The following is a suggestive program; 
 
 Sunday Council Fire (Indoor or outdoor). 
 
 1. Voluntary (appropriate music). 
 
 2. Hymn. 
 
 3. Guardian call Wohelo. 
 
 4. Entrance of girls (in silence or to very soft music). 
 
 5. Hand sign of Fire, and the singing of “Wohelo for Aye.” 
 
 6. Candle ceremony. 
 
 7. “Burn, Fire, Burn.” 
 
 8. Law of the Fire. 
 
 9. Repeat the Desires of the Wood Gatherer, Fire Maker, and 
 Torch Bearers in turn. 
 
 10. Bible reading by three or seven girls to illustrate Wohelo or 
 the Law, 
 
 Give Service — Matthew 16: 24-28 
 
82 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 Be Trustworthy — Matthew 25: 14-29 
 Glorify Work — Proverbs 3 1 : 10-3 1 
 Pursue Knowledge — Proverbs 3: 13-22 
 Hold on to Health — Corinthians 3: 16-17 
 Be Happy — John 15: 9-17; St. Luke i: 46-55 
 
 11. A Bible story enacted in pantomime while the story is read. 
 Suggestions, The Story of the finding of Moses, of Ruth and Naomi. 
 
 12. Hymn. 
 
 13. Camp Fire address. 
 
 14. Hymn sung by Camp Fire Girls. 
 
 15. “Lay Me to Sleep’’ (girls are all seated). 
 
 16. Prayer and Benediction. 
 
 17. ‘‘Now our Camp Fire’s Burning Low.” (This should be sung 
 softly while the circle quietly files out. One verse could be sung as an 
 echo when all the girls are out.) 
 
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 face of the still sta- 
 
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 r-light. The 
 
 
 
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 peace of the fire-1! 
 
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 *'p.»oe of our flre-llt fae - es ba with ^ through the night. 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 FIRE LORE 
 
 We have adopted fire as our central symbol, embodying It In our 
 name, Camp Fire Girls. We have used the sun as the Guardians' 
 symbol, because sun is the fountain head of light and heat. The 
 home is built around the hearth fire; the hearth fire stands for all 
 the beautiful pleasures of home life; the feeling of protection, the 
 companionship around the table, the love of family and of friends. 
 Besides heat and illumination and brightness, fire means energy. The 
 sun gives energy to all living things. Fire stands for spirit — some- 
 thing higher than matter. 
 
 Just as the hearth fire means the spirit of the home, so may the 
 community fireplace represent the spirit of the whole community. 
 It becomes the symbol for community life, for social awakening, for 
 the spirit of democracy. 
 
 Different ICinds of Fire. i. There are various kinds of fires for 
 cooking that every girl ought to be able to make. She ought also to 
 know that these various kinds of fire serve special purposes. All 
 these are discussed in detail in the chapter on outdoor cooking. 
 
 2. Social fires. These fires are small rather than large. The 
 large bonfire is boisterous, hilarious, restless, exciting. The small fire 
 is cozy, comfortable, sociable, friendly. 
 
 3. Ceremonial fires. Such fires are to be made of wood standing up, 
 for the vertical lines of the wood, the ascending flames and smoke lift 
 both eyes and feelings toward the heights. The ascending smoke of 
 incense is uplifting. Fires with the wood lying flat are familiar, 
 easy, common. Upstanding fires are dignified. The ceremonial fire 
 should be of pieces of wood about two feet long, standing on end, and 
 should burn so that the flames do not reach over four feet high. Many 
 Council Fires have been spoiled by having big, boisterous fires. Many 
 have been spoiled by having flat, common-place, little smudges. There 
 should be an ample supply of wood at hand, and in charge of one 
 person, who keeps the fire just right. She should tend the fire between 
 
 83 
 
84 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 exercises only, for attending to the fire draws attention away from the 
 exercises. 
 
 To make a Council Fire which will burn a long time without having 
 to be replenished, get good, dry pieces of wood about a foot and a half 
 long. Lay them solidly together so as to form a square; on top of these 
 sticks, and across them, put another layer of sticks; on top of this 
 another layer, crossing in the other direction until you make a struc- 
 ture of solid wood about a foot high. You then build your fire on top 
 of this and it will burn down steadily through the entire pile. 
 
 An iron pot, half filled with rock salt over which is poured as much 
 kerosene as the salt will take up, may be sunk level with the earth 
 under the Council Fire. This helps to make a steady, long-burning 
 fire. 
 
 Candles are used, when necessary, instead of fire, at Councils and 
 Grand Councils. The candles should be long. The candlestick 
 should be long and perfectly plain. Many ceremonies are made to 
 seem absurd by using ornate, short candlesticks. A straight piece 
 of log with a hole bored in it for the candle is far better than the 
 ornamented candlestick. These things must be simple to be effective. 
 
 At a Grand Council, it is beautiful to see each Camp Fire come 
 marching in with slow, measured steps, in single file, led by the 
 Guardian with a torch representing that Camp Fire. As they 
 reach the center, the leaders all place their burning torches together 
 on the ground, and the Grand Council Fire is literally, made of the 
 Council Fires. 
 
 4. Parent Fires. In olden days, embers used to be carried from 
 the home of the bride’s mother to the new home, and the hearth fire 
 there was kindled from these, thus becoming a continuation of the old 
 home fire. In the same way. Camp Fire girls sometimes bring, from 
 some other Council Fire, fire — a lighted candle or lamp or a charred, 
 burned-out faggot — as coals to start their first Council Fire. 
 
 5. The Community Fires. Many Camp Fire girls are building com- 
 munity fireplaces, where the boys and girls and also the older people 
 can get together to express their friendship. Sometimes the place 
 chosen for the erection of the community fireplace is a little way out 
 of town, so that it is a good place to which to take a hike and to cook 
 their supper or a place for a Fourth of July celebration, and so on. 
 
Fire Lore 
 
 85 
 
 These fireplaces are often built by the girls themselves, sometimes 
 by girls and boys together. Sometimes they are structures made of 
 stone and masonry from a design furnished by an architect and are 
 erected by an architect. The important thing is that they stand for 
 the social life of the community; they are an effort to make it more 
 wholesome, to make it more joyous, to make it a place in the com- 
 munity which shall stand for all the same high things of friendship 
 that the fire stands for in the home. 
 
 Making Fire. On ceremonial occasions it is impressive to make 
 fire with the rubbing sticks. To do this with any degree of certainty 
 demands much skill and good implements. It is worth the effort, 
 however, for the process is thrilling. 
 
 “How to make fire. There are seven parts to the fire-making outfit: 
 the bow and thong (ii), the fire board (in), the fire drill (iv), the 
 thunder-bird (i), the fire pan, tinder, and tinder-bag. The thunder- 
 bird is either a detachable handle made from a knot of wood with a 
 hole bored into it (often a coin is placed in this hole), or a stone with 
 a hole drilled into it. A concave piece of shell may sometimes be 
 used. The hole in the thunder-bird should be cut to fit loosely over 
 the upper end of the fire drill, in such a way that the drill can turn 
 with as little friction as possible. Soap, or a little oil, may be put 
 into the hole for smoother running. The fire board and fire drill 
 should be made from balsam fir, which is the best wood for the pui> 
 pose. The bow may be of any tough wood that does not bend easily. 
 
 m 
 
86 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 A shingle or a piece of cardboard may be used for the fire pan, to 
 catch the wood dust and spark. The tinder is obtained from the 
 inside bark of trees such as the American aspen, chestnut, or cedar, 
 and is used as fuel to feed the spark as it is blown into a flame. 
 
 “The thunder-bird, in which one end of the fire stick is placed, is 
 held in the left hand. In the right hand is the bow. The thong 
 is wound once around the fire stick and the other end of the stick is 
 placed in one of the notches in the fire board. The left wrist rests 
 securely against the left shin. 
 
 “The left foot is placed firmly on the fire board, while kneeling on 
 the right knee. The wood dust becomes scattered if the fire board 
 moves at ail. Now the bow is drawn, slowly and steadily, back and 
 forth, until it can be worked without wabbling. 
 
 “The bow is then drawn faster and faster. Experience soon 
 teaches how much friction is required to make the spark. With 
 practice it may often be produced with twenty strokes. It is a good 
 plan to count the strokes, so as to judge the progress better. 
 
 “There is no haste after the spark is secured. Fan it very gently 
 with the hand, and place some of the finest tinder from the bottom of 
 the tinder-bag around and touching it, and then a bunch of the fibred 
 tinder. Then get into a comfortable position and blow the spark very 
 gently, keeping one hand over it to protect it. Hold the fire so that 
 the smoke is not blown into the face. There is almost always enough 
 draft to take the smoke away, if you hold it correctly. Of course, the 
 fire to be kindled must be laid before beginning to make fire. The 
 burning tinder is now placed so as to kindle the fire, or, if candles are to 
 be lighted, a wax taper is first lighted, and the burning tinder is put 
 out. Whatever is left should be replaced in the tinder-bag. It is not 
 easily obtained.’’ 
 
 Different Ways of Making Fire. Walter Hough, of the Bureau of 
 Ethnology, at Washington, has made fire in all the ways known to 
 have been used by primitive man. He says that almost any kind of 
 wood may be used in making fire, but that it is much more difficult 
 with some kinds than with others, and is almost impossible with wood 
 that is the least pitchy, as the pitch prevents any wood dust from 
 gathering. It is the bunching of wood dust, with friction, that pro- 
 duces sufficient heat to make the spark. 
 
Fire Lore 
 
 87 
 
 One’s fire-making outfit may be decorated most attractively with 
 fire symbols. The bow and thunder-bird may be carved and painted, 
 while the tinder-bag offers opportunity for beautiful beadwork, 
 besides the painting of symbols. 
 
 Putting Out Fires. Great care must be taken to put out fires 
 before leaving them, for many fires that appeared to have been dead 
 have been fanned into great devastating forest fires by breezes. 
 Water poured on so as to soak all the wood and ashes is of course 
 a good way to put out a fire. Covering it with sand is effective. 
 Cutting sods and covering the fire with them is all right, if carefully 
 done. Whipping it with sticks till no sparks remain is all right, too. 
 Some one person should be responsible to see that the fire is out. 
 
 Always carry some matches in a waterproof container when 
 tramping. 
 
 The Camp Fire Girl’s Fire Dream 
 
 1. She dreams about the fires she built when she was a little girl: 
 "Those were beautiful fires — 
 
 Those fires I made on the sand. 
 
 The fires I made in the bank. 
 
 The little stove holes I made in the bank — 
 
 The fires on which I cooked. 
 
 And then the fires father made — 
 
 Around which we sat and dreamed and saw things. 
 
 Those were just play fires, dear. 
 
 How wonderful the real fire is — 
 
 How mysterious — 
 
 How it pulls us all together!” 
 
 2. She dreams about the fireplace she is now building: 
 
 "Let us — all of us girls. 
 
 Build a place for fire 
 To which we may all come. 
 
 As a family gathers round the fire, and love is there, 
 
 So let us have a fireplace 
 That will be to all of us what 
 The fire has been for the home.” 
 
88 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 3. She dreams about the woman she is going to be: 
 
 “Oh! Woman that I am going to be! 
 
 Don’t forget the place for fire we made! 
 
 Build it deeper, larger, finer; 
 
 ^ And build around it all the beautiful, healthful, happy things 
 That woman has always built around the fire where her love was. 
 And this great place for fire shall be to all 
 The symbol for love and protection, 
 
 For comradeship, for the Spirit of Woman, 
 
 Bringing her heart’s own love to the fire of humankind. 
 
 To this, our common fireplace. 
 
 Our place for the community fire.” 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 OUTDOOR COOKING 
 
 Outdoor cooking is beipg appreciated more and more every day. 
 One of the best sports and most healthy and invigorating pastimes 
 is to strap a few necessities on one’s back and go away for one or two 
 days* trip. To be able to get far into the woods, away from houses, 
 stores, and restaurants, and depend upon one’s own resources is a 
 delightful experience. 
 
 For real camp cookery, one of the best books available is “The 
 Book of Camp Cookery” by Horace Kephart. This is most valuable 
 to any campers wanting menus suitable to the wilds and wilder- 
 ness where fresh fruit and supplies are difficult to obtain. Govern- 
 ment Bulletins on food or dietetics can be had by sending to the 
 Nutrition Division of the Department of Agriculture, Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 Building the Fire. A fire for cooking should be very small. If 
 it is too large it is difficult to work around, and food is very likely 
 to burn. To further minimize the heat while cooking things which 
 take a long time, use a long clean stick for stirring. 
 
 In choosing wood for a cooking fire, select pieces which are dry and 
 break with a snap. The dead lower branches of most trees, espe- 
 cially pine, are the best material. 
 
 If it is necessary to use wet wood, shave a stick in small pieces. 
 Make a small, tent-shaped structure of the shavings, leaving an open- 
 ing in which to insert a match. Pile this gradually with larger wood 
 until it is about four inches high. Light the match and insert it in 
 the opening, letting it remain there until all is burned up. Keep 
 your hand over the tent while lighting it. It may be necessary to 
 light and bum several matches before the pile will start to burn. A 
 fire started with paper is likely to be scattered, and the heat not 
 concentrated enough to keep the wood burning. The paper burns 
 out and then the fire goes out. Wet wood will burn if the fire once 
 gets started, and is kept well fed. 
 
 89 
 
90 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 Fire Suggestions, i. Dead twigs from standing trees — espe- 
 cially pine — ignite more easily than dead wood lying on the ground. 
 
 2. Where there is pine, hunt for birch. Hickory, oak, and walnut 
 are preferable to maples and willows. 
 
 3. If it is raining, get splinters from the dry side of an old stump. 
 In continuous damp weather cut into a pine stump — pine will burn in 
 any kind of weather, if cut deep enough. 
 
 4. Do not light a fire against a stump. You cannot put it out. 
 
 5. Never leave a camping place, even for a short time, until you 
 are sure that the fire is quite out. 
 
 Cleaning Up. When you break camp, leave your camping site 
 clean. Do not throw cans, papers, and refuse about. A hole should 
 be dug, and all garbage and refuse buried each day, while papers 
 should be burned. Leave the camping place as clean as you find it 
 or cleaner, if your predecessors have been careless. Experienced 
 campers put cleanliness as a first requirement. 
 
 Fire Control. In choosing a spot on which to build a camp fire, 
 make sure that there is no inflammable, dry grass near. Fire will 
 sometimes run along the ground under green grass, near roots, a long 
 distance, and, yards, or even rods away, suddenly spring into a de- 
 stroying flame, which- it may be impossible to put out. Many forest 
 fires start in this way. 
 
 1. Note the direction of the wind and relative locations of buildings, 
 brush piles, roots, dry grass, etc. 
 
 2. If the wind is high, fire should be protected by earth banks, 
 which will prevent sparks carrying. The lee side of a rock, stone 
 fence, or bank makes a good place for a fire where there is danger of 
 the sparks being carried. 
 
 3. Do not build big fires unless they are needed for warmth. They 
 are difl&cult to put out. 
 
 4. Do not start stump or big log fires unless you expect to camp 
 in that place for two or three days. Often, when it seems that the 
 flame is extinguished, a bit of wind will cause it to start up again. A 
 stump will sometimes suddenly burst into flames hours after every 
 appearance of fire has been extinguished. 
 
 5. Never leave a fire until you are sure that it is out. 
 
Outdoor Cooking 91 
 
 6. Make sure that all fires are extinguished before breaking camp. 
 If there is sufficient water near, drench them thoroughly. If there is 
 any doubt, throw fresh, moist earth over the fire, stamping it to 
 smother all coals. 
 
 ,7. Do not leave matches lying about your camping place. 
 
 Safety First. A fire in a forest or on a prairie is one of the most 
 destructive forces with which man has to contend. Thousands of 
 acres of valuable forests have been destroyed, countless creatures of 
 the wild burned to death or made homeless, and human life sacrificed 
 because of one tiny, unquenched spark. 
 
 1. Never allow a fire to get out of its assigned place. If it “runs’' 
 so much as a foot, it should be checked at once. 
 
 2. If a fire gains headway in the grass, green branches may be used 
 to beat it out. If it cannot be beaten out, it may be directed toward 
 a stream, and confined within lines leading to the stream. Wet sacks 
 or garments may also be used to beat out fire. These must be dipped 
 in water frequently. In case of fire apparently getting out of control 
 everything in camp should be sacrificed, if necessary, and fire beaters 
 may be made of blankets, coats, tents, etc. 
 
 3. Do not wait for a fire to become dangerous before reporting it. 
 A messenger should be sent at once to the nearest farm house or 
 point of possible assistance. If those remaining in camp succeed 
 in putting out the fire, no harm is done by having reported it. There 
 is always the danger that it cannot be controlled. 
 
 4. Fires in the prairie are not less dangerous than those in the 
 forest, and should not be allowed to run their course. 
 
 Kinds of Fires. Fire No. i. Build fireplace of two or three 
 large stones. Keep the fire fed with sticks of wood a little larger 
 around than your thumb. Use a green stick to lift the kettle oflP and 
 on the fire. 
 
 Fire No. 2. Place two logs parallel to each other, and just far 
 enough apart so that the frying pan will not fall between, but will 
 rest on them. Build a fire between these. This kind of a fire is an 
 excellent one to be used when several things have to be cooked at 
 once. 
 
 Fire No. 3. Each girl should find a green stick with a pronged 
 
92 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 end. The fire may be extended farther between the logs for making 
 the toast, or, if the morning is cool, a fire for warmth may be built 
 at a distance from the cooking fire which may be used for toasting. 
 
 Fire No. 2 
 
 Fire No. i 
 
 /V/ /y 
 
 Place a piece of bread on the prongs of the stick, hold over the hot 
 coals and brown. When done on one side, turn. (Charcoal makes 
 an ideal toasting fire.) 
 
 Fire No. 4. Build a fire of fairly good sized wood, say as big as 
 youir arm, and spread it over an area of 2 feet each way. Keep the 
 fire well piled with wood until almost ready to use it; then let it die 
 down to coals. 
 
 Fire No. 3 Fire No. 4. 
 
 No. 5. Reflector Baker. Drive two stakes into the ground at 
 each end of fireplace about sixteen inches away from the oven. In 
 this rack place a tier of small green logs about the size of the wrist. 
 Stand the fuel for fire on end so that heat from top and bottom is 
 reflected into oven. 
 
 How to use Baker — a folding Baker can be purchased in aluminum, 
 sheet steel, or tin, or it can be constructed out of a syrup tin cut and 
 bent to shape. The Baker is placed about eighteen inches from the 
 
Outdoor Cooking 93 
 
 fire. If necessary, it can be moved either way, from or nearer to the 
 fire. A hot flaming fire of short duration but high in flame two or 
 three feet is needed. Baking must be done hot from the start and 
 finished in fifteen minutes if the biscuit or corn bread is]to rise properly. 
 The shelf on which the biscuits are placed may need to be turned in 
 order that the biscuits may be cooked evenly. 
 
 Fire No. 5 
 
 Fire No. 6. Stick firmly two forked green sticks into the ground 
 about 2| feet apart. Over these place a straight piece. Build a fire 
 between the upright sticks. 
 
 ^ Fire No. 6 
 
 Cooking Fire No. 7. Take a green pole 7 or 8 ft. long and place 
 it across a green forked stick which has been placed upright in the 
 
 firc^No. 7 
 
94 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 ground. Weight the heavy end down with a log or stone. Build a 
 fire under the high end and hang the kettle on to cook. 
 
 8. Broiling and Toasting Fire. It must be small, hot, pro- 
 tected from the wind, and made of dry wood. The wood must be 
 small enough to burn rapidly and large enough to make coals without 
 smoke or flame. The fire must be small so that you can work over 
 it without burning your hands, and so that it will broil, rather than dry 
 things up. Do not try to broil until the fire has burned low enough 
 to make coals. It must be protected from the wind or it will be 
 tricky, exasperating, and futile. It must be made of dry wood so it 
 will be hot. 
 
 9. Boiling Fire and Supports. The fire may be of larger 
 wood than the broiling fire, for it is to be used longer. Make a sup- 
 port from which to swing a kettle, either with wires or sticks, or a 
 support of stones that will support or hold a kettle or a frying pan 
 and yet leave space for a good fire. 
 
 10. Roasting and Baking Fire. Make a large fire of larger 
 woods and let it die down so that there is a good bed of coals and 
 ashes under the burning wood. 
 
 Menus 
 
 Specimen meals planned for six people 
 
 Breakfast No. 1. Fire No. 2. Stewed fruit, eggs, cocoa, toast. 
 
 Supplies: Nine eggs, one loaf of bread, nine teaspoons of cocoa, 
 twelve teaspoons sugar, two cups of condensed milk, four cups of 
 water, one quarter pound of butter. 
 
 Cocoa. Mix the cocoa and sugar together until all lumps dis- 
 appear, and form a paste with a little water. Add the rest of the 
 water, bring to a boil, then add the milk and heat to boiling point. 
 Do not boil. 
 
 Eggs and Toast. Fire No. 3. These may be cooked in different 
 ways by the different members of the party if an honor is desired. 
 By using the frying pan, you may fry, scramble, boil, poach, or make 
 a creamy omelet. Bacon fat is the best for frying in camp. It has 
 an out-of-door flavor. 
 
Dolls and scrap books made by Camp Fire Girls 
 for the children’s hospital 
 
 Making their ceremonial gowns at a Camp Fire meeting 
 
Little children acting out the story of Moses in the bulrushes at a Sunday pageant in camp 
 
Outdoor Cooking 95 
 
 Breakfast No. 2. Fire No. 2. Griddle Cakes and syrup, 3 
 slices of ham, fresh fruit. 
 
 Griddle cakes — three cups of flour, teaspoon baking powder, 
 I teaspoon salt, J cup of sugar, 2 cups milk, i egg. 
 
 Mix dry ingredients, add milk, and beaten egg. Beat thoroughly 
 and add melted butter. Drop by spoonfuls on greased hot griddle. 
 Cook on one side. When full of bubbles and cooked on edges, turn, 
 and cook on other side. 
 
 Breakfast No. 3 . Fire No. 2. French Toast, prunes. 
 
 French Toast. 10 slices bread, i cup milk, i cup water, 3 eggs, 
 bacon, syrup. Beat eggs with a fork and add milk. Season with 
 salt and pepper. Heat the frying pan and grease well with bacon, 
 leaving a piece in the pan. Dip the slices of bread in the egg mixture 
 and fry to a nice brown. Eat with syrup. 
 
 j 
 
 Dinner No. 1. Mutton stew, biscuits, and jam. 
 
 Mutton Stew — 2 lbs. mutton (from neck), 2 qts. cold water, I tea- 
 spoon salt, a little pepper, 3 tablespoons barley, 2 carrots, a small 
 onion. Remove the fat and cut the meat in small pieces and put in 
 kettle with the bones, cover with cold water. Cook slowly till meat 
 is tender, then cool and skim the fat. Reheat to boiling point and 
 add the|barley and vegetables. Cook until the latter are tender* 
 Rice can be used instead of barley — the latter must be soaked over- 
 night. Biscuits or dumplings are excellent with this dish. 
 
 Biscuits — I qt. flour, i teaspoon salt, | lb. can condensed milk, 
 4 level teaspoons baking powder, 2 tablespoons butter, i tablespoon 
 lard. tUse Fire No. 5. Mix flour, baking powder and salt together. 
 Rub in lard and butter with finger tips, add milk and enough water tn 
 roll out. Roll on a floured board with a bottle and cut out with a 
 cup or tip of can. Place on tin in reflecting oven. 
 
 Dinner No. 2. Fire No. 7 . Spaghetti with tomato sauce, jam 
 sandwiches. 
 
 Spaghetti — i cup of spaghetti broken up, 2 qts. boiling water, tblsp. 
 salt. Cook spaghetti in boiling salted water forty minutes, or until it 
 is soft. Drain thoroughly. Serve with cheese, tomato, or white sauce. 
 
 Tomato sauce — f cup butter, i onion finely chopped, f teaspoon 
 salt, a little pepper, i small can of condensed tomatoes. Cook onion. 
 
96 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 butter, and seasoning for five minutes, then add tomato and one cup 
 of water. Cook 15 minutes. 
 
 Supper No. 1« Fires No. 1 and No. 4. Corn Chowder, bread 
 and butter, fudge. 
 
 Corn chowder — i can corn, 4 cups parboiled potatoes, i small onion, 
 Ipb. bacon, 2 cups milk, i cup water, 6 common crackers, salt and 
 pepper to taste. Cut the bacon into small dice, fry until crisp, add 
 the onion diced and fry all together until a light brown, stirring con- 
 stantly. Then add corn. Cook until hot, add potatoes diced, and 
 water. Season with salt and pepper. Add a few broken crackers and 
 milk. Take from fire and serve immediately. If preferred, | of 
 corn to I of tomatoes can be used. If so, milk must not cook in the 
 mixture or it will curdle. 
 
 Fudge — 3 cups sugar, 3 squares unsweetened chocolate, cup milk 
 or 5c. can evaporated milk and J can water (use no butter with the 
 latter) | tablespoon butter. Cook together in the frying pan until it 
 forms a soft ball when dropped into cold water, set to one side to cool. 
 
 Supper No. 2. Baked beans, peach sauce, bread and butter. 
 
 Baked beans — 2| cups of beans, piece of salt pork (size of fist), or 
 small piece of bacon rind, i teaspoon salt, i tablespoon sugar or 
 
 Beans cooking in bean hole 
 
Outdoor Cooking 97 
 
 molasses. Wash beans and soak overnight. Next morning parboil 
 them until skins split. Place beans in heated earthen pot with pork 
 in the center, add salt and sugar. Cover securely with lid. 
 
 How to make a bean boil. Dig a hole i| feet in diameter, and 
 feet deep. This should be lined with stones; a fire should be kept 
 burning in it for several hours before it is to be used, so that the stones 
 will be made hot. When the beans are ready, the ashes and coals 
 should be raked out, the prepared pot put in the hole and covered 
 with hot coals. The whole should be covered with earth and in case 
 of rain with pieces of bark and should be left for six or eight hours. 
 Peach sauce — i lb. dried peaches, | cup sugar. Soak peaches over- 
 night. Cover with cold water and stew slowly until soft. Add sugar 
 and boil about live minutes. These may be eaten hot or cold. 
 
 Supper No. 3. Club sandwiches, fruit. 
 
 Sandwiches — i lb. sliced bacon, i head lettuce, 2 lbs. fresh tomatoes, 
 I loaf bread, J lb. butter. Wash lettuce, peel tomatoes, cook bacon 
 on a green stick. Place lettuce, tomato, and bacon between two 
 slices of bread and butter or toast. The butter is not necessary. 
 
 Supper No. 4. Fire No. 6. Rice and baked apples, cheese 
 sandwiches. 
 
 Rice — I cup rice, i tablespoon salt, 2 quarts water. To boil rice 
 properly, wash the rice thoroughly in cold, salted water. Then 
 put it into a pot of furiously boiling fresh water, no salt being 
 added. Keep the pot boiling hard for twenty minutes but do not stir. 
 Then drain off the water, place the rice over a very moderate fire 
 (hang high over camp fire), and let it swell and dry for half an hour. 
 (Kephart Camp Cookery.) 
 
 Baked apples — Peel a green stick a little larger around than your 
 thumb and make it smooth. Core the apples and slide on the stick. 
 Rest one end of the stick on a forked stick near the fire and let the 
 other end rest on the ground. Turn the stick often and keep the 
 apples cooking evenly. When soft, cut or slide off the stick. 
 
 Camp Supply List. The following list of supplies is selected with 
 reference to saving of weight and bulk in carrying a pack. It consists 
 largely of concentrated foods and those which give the proper kind of 
 
98 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 nourishment with the absence of fresh meats, fruits, and green vege- 
 tables. From this list various kinds of bread or substitutes for bread 
 can be made, such as biscuits, Johnny Cakes, unleavened bread, corn 
 batter cakes, griddle cakes, flapjacks, fried mush, and dumplings, etc. 
 Many combination dishes to take the place of meats can be made such 
 as macaroni with cheese or tomato sauce, rice cooked with chopped 
 bacon, tomato sauce or left-over meat. Many soups can be made 
 from this list such as puree of beans or peas, potato soup, or tomato 
 bisque. Desserts such as rice cooked with dried fruits, apples, dates, 
 figs or raisins; peach, apricot or apple sauce; chocolate blancmange 
 using cornstarch. Many jellies can be made from dried fruits. 
 
 Breakfast Foods — flour, bran flour, cornmeal, oatmeal, cream of 
 wheat. 
 
 Vegetables — rice, beans, red lima or kidney beans, split peas, lentils, 
 samp or big hominy, potatoes, onions. 
 
 Dehydrated and concentrated foods are good where supplies are diffi- 
 cult to obtain such as tomato paste, egg powder, milk powder, or 
 evaporated milk. 
 
 Meats — cured or canned meats such as ham, salt pork, bacon, cod- 
 fish, salmon or tuna fish (but if possible secure fresh fish or game), 
 cheese, nuts. 
 
 Fruits — dried peaches, apricots, prunes, figs, apples, dates, and 
 raisins. Fresh berries where possible. 
 
 Other Supplies — salt, pepper, baking powder, sugar, vinegar, lemons, 
 eating chocolate, cocoa, macaroni, hard tack, cornstarch, marmalade, 
 honey, jams, etc. 
 
 Good catalogues for reference can be procured from David J. Aber- 
 crombie, 17 Warren St., N. Y. — “Complete Outfits.’* Von Lengerke 
 and Detmold, 200 Fifth Avenue, N. Y., “Fishing and Camping 
 Catalogue.” Abercrombie & Fitch, 45th and Madison Ave., N. Y* 
 
 All large departnoent stores carry camping equipments. 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 CAMPING AND HIKING 
 
 No girl can go for a hike or camping trip in the right spirit and not 
 get more out of it than just the knowledge that she is getting excellent 
 physical exercise. First there is the self-confidence that comes from 
 knowing that she can endure inconvenience and often hardship; 
 second, there is the deep feeling for the out-of-doors, for stretches of 
 white road, shaded paths, brown earth, green grass, rocks, and springy 
 turf under her feet; and third, there is the joy and exhilaration of 
 comradeship generated by sharing pleasures, conquering difficulties, 
 and enduring hardships together. 
 
 Clothing. One reason why people tire so quickly when walking 
 is because they are often not suitably dressed. Clothing must be 
 light. Woolen garments are best, as they absorb moisture; cotton 
 remains wet, and so is unhealthy. Woolen undergarments, thick for 
 winter, and thin for summer; bloomers with or without skirt (under- 
 skirts are useless and only add weight); middy, sweater, and woolen 
 stockings — these make the best girPs equipment for long walks. 
 
 Kind of shoes. Low, wide heels are preferable to the flat sneaker, 
 because they are not so tiring. Sneakers or tennis shoes are all right 
 for short walks on dry summer roads. They should not be worn for 
 long tramps or for climbing, and they are harmful for any one having 
 weak ankles. Thick, hob-nailed, high shoes are best for mountain 
 or hill climbing; they prevent slipping and support the ankles. Shoes 
 with nails are not desirable for walking on roads. 
 
 How to care for the feet, (a) It is surprising that men take much 
 more care of their feet than do women. A man knows that it is better 
 to buy good leather shoes made on wide, comfortable lasts, than cheap, 
 fashionable modes. The soldier who has comfortable shoes will keep 
 fit much longer than the man whose shoes are badly worn or do not 
 fit well. 
 
 (b) Wear woolen stockings. Take one or two extra pairs; a fresh 
 pair should be put on each day. Perspiration hardens the stockings 
 
 99 
 
ICXD 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 and causes blisters. Cotton stockings wear out more quickly than do 
 woolen stockings, and a hole in one’s stocking soon causes a blister. 
 
 (c) Keep the feet clean; wash them every night, using hot water, 
 if possible. 
 
 (d) If the feet blister, apply smoothly a strip of adhesive plaster, 
 an inch and a half or two inches wide, over the tender spot before 
 putting on the stockings. If applied to the heel, the adhesive plaster 
 should be long enough to cover the back of the heel and come around 
 the side. 
 
 Each morning just before putting on the shoes lather with a cake 
 of good soap slightly moistened the outside of the woolen stockings. 
 This keeps the shoes from rubbing the feet and will prevent blisters. 
 
 Take off the shoes once or twice during the tramp. It is surprising 
 how this rests the feet. 
 
 Grease the shoes every few days with neat-foot oil, mutton fat, 
 or other grease which the leather will absorb. After being wet, shoes 
 should always be well dried and greased. This keeps them soft and 
 water-tight. Never dry shoes in a hot place — it ruins the leather. 
 
 Outfit. Often, in emergencies, the little things which one can 
 carry in one’s pockets prove very important. Good things to carry 
 on a short hiking trip are: a small pocket compass, a policeman’s 
 whistle, camper’s knife (with can opener), and a water-tight match 
 box filled with matches. A good water-tight match box is a shaving 
 stick box. 
 
 Deep Breathing. Walking offers a splendid opportunity for deep 
 breathing. Inhale slowly while taking five steps, hold the breath five 
 counts, then let it slowly out while counting five. This is very in- 
 vigorating. While resting, occasionally practise deep breathing. 
 Combine this with relaxation. 
 
 How to Carry Equipment. The best way to carry a pack is on 
 one’s back. The supporting straps should be attached to the top of 
 the pack in the form of a “V,” should pass over each shoulder, and be 
 fastened at the lower ends to the lower corners of the pack. A good 
 pack or knapsack can be quite easily made with a flap to fasten over 
 and button, so as to keep the contents from falling out. If hands and 
 
lOI 
 
 Camping and Hiking 
 
 arms are quite free, one is far more comfortable; this is especially 
 necessary for climbing. 
 
 When possible, select the sleeping place beforehand, and have the 
 ponchos and food conveyed by vehicle or boat. This leaves only the 
 lunch to be carried, and the less one carries, the less one will tire. 
 It is a good thing, however, if only once, to carry personally all that is 
 needed for a day and night on the road. 
 
 Eating and Drinking. Light and nourishing meals are best; 
 rich cake and much candy are bad, and comparatively little food is 
 required when on the road. It is unwise to tramp after a heavy meal. 
 
 (a.) Drink but little when tramping. A lemon is a splendid thing 
 to carry; suck a slice at intervals. Oranges and apples are also good. 
 
 (b.) Lunch suggestions: hard boiled eggs; egg, date, sardine, cheese, 
 jam, or tomato sandwiches. If you are chilled, make a pot of hot 
 tea or chocolate. 
 
 Useful Hints to Remember, (a) When going through unfamil- 
 iar woods, blaze the trail, either by piling stones, or tying colored rags 
 to the trees. (Devise new and original ways of blazing a trail, ways 
 which will not harm the trees.) 
 
 (b) Note landmarks. 
 
 (c) Look ahead, but sometimes look back, and note the trail behind. 
 A good woodsman is always on the alert, and nothing escapes his 
 notice. 
 
 (d) If you are lost: (i) Do not allow yourself to become frightened 
 or excited. (2) Climb a tree and seek familiar landmarks; look for 
 the smoke of camp. (3) Call, sing together, or use your whistle and 
 wait for response from your friends. (4) Try to find a stream, and 
 follow up or down according to the position of camp. (5) Do not 
 try to go forward or back until you are sure — have a definite point 
 toward which to go; blaze your trail as you go, so that you can tell 
 if you are travelling in a circle. (6) Always keep together. 
 
 A Few Simple Rules for Training. 
 
 1. Keep early hours. 
 
 2. Never eat between meals. 
 
102 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 3. Do not overeat; avoid rich foods, and do not eat candy between 
 meals. 
 
 4. Do not drink much at meals. 
 
 5. Take plenty of vigorous out-of-door exercise. Running and 
 skipping are especially good. 
 
 How to Walk or Climb. Good walkers always start slowly. 
 Alpine climbers start off almost at a snail’s pace until they get their 
 second wind, and then gradually increase the pace. 
 
 Experienced walkers say that it is bad to rest except for a very short 
 time; otherwise one gets stiff. When resting, entirely relax, if possible, 
 by lying flat on the ground. 
 
 Walk in step, singing walking songs or jingles. This keeps the 
 mind busy and keeps up the spirits of every one. There is nothing 
 like singing together to give team spirit. 
 
 Good Rules for W alking: 
 
 1. No one should pass the pacemaker. 
 
 2. The pace should be that of the slowest of the party 
 
 3. Never question the ruling of the captain. 
 
 4. Take turns at being pacemaker. 
 
 5. Always look cheerful and ‘‘play the game.’* 
 
 To Relieve Stiffness: 
 
 1. Hot baths and massage relieve muscular soreness. After a 
 long walk, take a hot bath, and go to bed early. 
 
 2. The best remedy for stiffness is to go on walking the next day; 
 gradually the stiffness will wear off entirely. 
 
 Where to Walk. Avoid the much-frequented and dust road 
 which wearies the feet. Seek the path by the river; walk around the 
 lake; learn to trail through the woods. Lucky the one who lives near 
 the hills and mountains, and knows the exhilaration of climbing to 
 the mountain top. 
 
 Suggestions for Climbing. 
 
 1. Always keep to the ridge; vegetation is less thick there, and one 
 can see both sides. 
 
 2. Do not take long steps when climbing; short steps are less 
 tiring. 
 
103 
 
 Camping and Hiking 
 
 3. Keep the body relaxed. 
 
 4. Do not run down hill; this is often the cause of extreme stiflFness. 
 
 Sleeping in the Open. To combine nights under the stars with 
 hiking adds to the richness of the experience. However, it is impor- 
 tant to caution girls who start out for an overnight trip to select a 
 short journey, not more than two miles, for instance, if they are to 
 carry baggage. However, if they have easy walking, they may select 
 camping grounds as far as ten miles away, provided they are all good 
 walkers. 
 
 One need not go a long distance to enjoy an overnight camp. 
 The back yard at home will do quite as well. However, be sure to 
 reach your camping place an hour before dusk so that you will have 
 time to make your camp and get your supper while it is still light. 
 
 Beds in the Woods, i. Ticking or sacking bags may be carried, 
 if desired, and filled with soft wood materials, leaves, grasses, straw, 
 etc. 
 
 2. An Indian bed is made by four straight, heavy tree limbs formed 
 in a hollow square. Stake in the limbs at the four corners, so as to 
 hold this “bed frame” in place. 
 
 Make the “springs” out of the bushy ends of branches; stick the 
 stem ends slantingly into the ground, putting all in same direction. 
 Fill in the square, overlapping the branches sufficiently to give body 
 and spring to the bed. Dry grasses, leaves, or ferns may be added — 
 sweet ferns make a fragrant resting place. A bed eighteen inches 
 high should be very comfortable. This bed will last for several days 
 if kept dry. A poncho should be spread over it in case of rain. 
 
 Girls can make an outdoor bed so well that no rain or dew will dis- 
 turb them. The girl who knows how is repaid by a comfortable, 
 refreshing night. 
 
 If two girls sleep together, they may lay a waterproof blanket or 
 poncho on the ground, on which they should place blankets, blanket 
 sheets, and on top, the second poncho. The edges of the lower poncho 
 should be folded up over the blankets and pinned firmly; then the 
 top poncho placed over the whole and pinned securely. The ponchos 
 may be laced together with cords, or stones may be placed to help 
 hold covers in place. 
 
104 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 The two ponchos should extend at the head end sufficiently to rest 
 the head on the under one, and so the upper one may be pulled over 
 head in case of rain. If the girls crawl in carefully at the head, they 
 will have a warm, rainproof bed. 
 
 It is really more comfortable to sleep alone. Make the bed just as 
 carefully as in the case above, using half the poncho for underneath 
 and folding the other half over for a top cover. 
 
 All clothes taken off should be folded carefully and laid within the 
 tent or inside the poncho by the side of the sleeper, else they will be 
 damp in the morning. This is true in any climate. Air the blankets 
 every sunny morning. 
 
 Necessary Equipment. Poncho or waterproof blanket or oil 
 cloth, 66 X 90 inches; two pairs light woolen blankets, or blanket 
 sheets, according to climate; a number of large blanket safety pins; 
 heavy cord; simple sleeping garments; toilet articles — comb, brush, 
 towel, washcloth, soap, tooth brush, etc. 
 
 How to Carry Blankets. Place the poncho or waterproof 
 blanket on the floor or ground; place the blankets on this, allowing 
 them to extend about six inches beyond the poncho, along the long 
 side of the poncho. Place the toilet articles along this blanket length, 
 and roll from this side, folding as tightly as possible. 
 
 Two girls should roll, starting on this lengthwise edge, rolling in 
 tightly. When the blanket is rolled within the poncho as com- 
 pactly as possible, tie securely fifteen inches from each end and in 
 the middle (use square knots), then tie the two rope ends together, 
 leaving the ends of the poncho about four inches apart. This forms 
 a collar-shaped burden, which may be thrown over the shoulder, the 
 two ends resting on the opposite hip, and may be easily shifted from 
 shoulder to shoulder. To rest the shoulders, let the roll slip to the 
 hips, the ends pointing forward and downward, the roll being held 
 by the two arms encircling it. 
 
 If the trip is to be made by boat, a square bundle may be made. 
 This may be used for a cushion, and takes up less room. 
 
 The way to get most out of even a week’s camp is to have a daily 
 program. 
 
Camping and Hiking 105 
 
 The following is a suggestion: 
 
 y.oo Bugle — exercise and morning dip. 
 
 7.30 Breakfast. 
 
 8.00 "Sing and daily announcements. 
 
 8.30 Tent in order. 
 
 9.00 Craft and First Aid work. 
 
 11.30 End of craft work. 
 
 12.00 Dinner. 
 
 i.oc Quiet Hour. 
 
 2.30 Swimming. 
 
 4.00 Walks and preparation of outdoor supper. 
 
 8.30 Bugle. 
 
 9.00 Lights out. 
 
 There are of course many ways of changing this program. Where 
 the climate is very hot, it has been found advisable to have games 
 and folk dancing in the morning and craft work in the afternoon. 
 Special features can always be added in the way of Council Fires, 
 original entertainments, out-of-door cooking, sleeping out-of-doors, 
 hiking. 
 
 When camping, it is well to have some system for simplifying the 
 work. A good plan for washing dishes was worked out at one camp. 
 After leach meal, the girls who were in charge of the kitchen for the 
 day set out two pans of hot water for washing the dishes and two for 
 rinsing, and dish towels. All the girls formed two lines with their 
 dishes and washed, rinsed, and dried them, and in a very few minutes 
 it was all done. The pots, etc., were cared for by the cook. 
 
 In another camp, each girl kept her own utensils in her tent and 
 brought them to the table and, after washing them, took them back 
 to her tent. In this way, again, the labor was lessened. 
 
 Great interest always centers around the tent inspector who marks 
 the tents each day. Very often a banner or special award is given 
 for the best kept tent. It is well to encourage this. 
 
 Every camp might work out a health chart suitable for that camp. 
 The girl who has the greatest number of checks opposite her name at 
 the end of a week or a month wins a local honor, emblem, or health 
 banner. 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 GUARDIANS: THEIR RELATIONS TO THE 
 ORGANIZATION 
 
 The head of the Camp Fire, who must be over eighteen years of 
 age, is called the Guardian of the Fire. She receives her appoint- 
 ment and authorization as Guardian upon vote of the National Board 
 of Directors. The person applying for Guardianship fills out an 
 application blank and sends it to the Camp Fire Girls. One week 
 should be allowed for appointment to be made. 
 
 I. Fees: 
 
 (a) New Guardian taking New Camp Fire pays a fee of ^i.cxd 
 
 and receives Certificate, Charter and “Wohelo.” 
 
 (b) New Guardian taking Old Camp Fire pays a fee of $.50 and 
 
 receives a Certificate. (Must take at least six members 
 of an old Camp Fire in Good Standing). 
 
 (c) New Guardian taking part of Old Camp Fire pays a fee of 
 
 ^i.oo and receives Certificate, Charter and “Wohelo.” 
 (Must take at least six members of an old Camp Fire in 
 Good Standing). 
 
 (d) Old Guardian taking Camp Fire pays a fee of $1.00 and 
 
 receives a Charter and “Wohelo.’’ Application blank must 
 be filled out completely with the exception of signatures 
 of sponsors. When sending application, kindly state 
 what has become of former Camp Fire, 
 
 (e) Old Guardian taking Old Camp Fire pays a fee of $.50 
 
 (Transfer Fee). Application must be filled out completely 
 with the exception of signatures of sponsors. She must 
 take at least six members of an old Camp Fire in good 
 standing. This transfer fee of $.50 is charged to cover 
 the work involved in transferring records, cross-referenc- 
 ing correspondence, etc.. 
 
 (f) Old Guardian taking part of an Old Camp Fire pays a fee 
 
 of $1.00 and receives a Charter and “Wohelo.” She must 
 106 
 
Guardians 
 
 107 
 
 take at least six members of a Camp Fire in good standing. 
 All Camp Fires in Good Standing receive ‘Wohelo/* 
 
 (g) Reorganization — a new Guardian reorganizing an old Camp 
 Fire pays a reorganization fee of ^i.oo which entitles the 
 Guardian to her Certificate and the Camp Fire to “Wo- 
 helo/* An Old Guardian reorganizing an Old Camp Fire 
 pays a reorganization fee of $.50 which entitles the Camp 
 Fire to ‘‘Wohelo.” When a Camp Fire is reorganized, the 
 dues are payable from the date of official reorganization. 
 
 2. Dues. Dues ot a Camp Fire are payable annually and are 
 reckoned from the date of official organization. They are payable 
 for the entire group and not for the individual girl. (See Rings No. 5.) 
 The minimum annual dues for a Camp Fire are ^5.00. If there are 
 more than ten members in the Camp Fire, $.50 must be added for 
 each additional member. Camp Fires organized prior to and during 
 June, 1913, pay dues in December of each year. 
 
 All Camp Fires whose annual dues are six months past due are not 
 considered in Good Standing., 
 
 Dues are payable for all girls working for honors at the time of 
 payment. Each girl wishing to join a Camp Fire after the current 
 year’s dues have been paid will have to pay ^.50 for the remainder of 
 the current year if she wishes to be considered an active member of 
 the Camp Fire and receive a ring. If she does not wish to do this, 
 she may meet with the Camp Fire but not work for honors until the 
 following date of payment, at which time she pays dues with the rest 
 of the Camp Fire and her name is then sent to Headquarters to be 
 registered. This, of course, does not apply to Camp Fires with a 
 membership of less than ten, as five dollars covers dues of ten members 
 for the current year. When new members come into the Camp Fire, 
 or members withdraw, the National Office should be notified so that 
 the records of each Camp Fire may be complete and up-to-date. 
 
 A Guardian does not pay dues. 
 
 3. Communications from Guardians. In order to keep a com- 
 plete, clear record of each Camp Fire, it is necessary to have date and 
 complete address appear on all communications. These communica- 
 
io8 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 tions should come directly from the Guardian as the record is kept 
 under her name. The handling of correspondence will be greatly 
 facilitated if the Guardian will address her letters directly to the 
 Department which will answer her questions. If information is 
 wanted from more than one department, write each question on a 
 separate sheet giving name and address on each sheet, in order to 
 avoid unnecessary delay. Separate envelopes, however, are not 
 necessary. All correspondence with National Headquarters should 
 bear Guardian’s name and address in full. The departments are: 
 
 National Honor Department — takes care of material submitted for 
 National Honors. 
 
 Record Department — attends to all matters involving dues, rings, 
 standing of Guardians, transfers, changes in membership, changes of 
 address, annual reports, subscriptions to “Wohelo.” 
 
 Correspondence Department — receives all communications regard- 
 ing applications, honors, ceremonies, earning money, requests for 
 literature, and all general inquiries. 
 
 Guardians should allow sufficient time for letters to pass through 
 our various departments, as very often letters first go to the Book- 
 keeping Department, next to the Record Department, next to the 
 Correspondence Department, and next, if necessary, to our Committee 
 on National Honors and Editor of “Wohelo.” Sometimes letters cross 
 in the office. Fdr instance, a Guardian may be notified that her dues 
 are not paid, and simultaneously, her dues are on the way to the 
 Record Department. 
 
 Changes of Address. When an address other than that on records 
 is given, state whether temporary or permanent. 
 
 4. Supplies. Rings, supplies, etc., can be sent only to Guardians 
 in Good Standing. Address all orders for rings to Camp Fire Girls. 
 Orders for other supplies should be addressed directly to the Camp 
 Fire Outfitting Company. It is well to allow one week for the filling 
 of orders for rings as the work entailed will require about this time. 
 
 5. Rings. When a girl has met the requirements for the rank of 
 Wood Gatherer, fill out the ring blank and send it to us. A Guardian 
 may apply for her ring immediately upon receipt of her authorization^ 
 
Guardians 
 
 109 
 
 but full dues for the entire Camp Fire must be paid for the current 
 year before rings can be sent to members. Dues are reckoned for the 
 entire Camp Fire and not for the individual girl; therefore, dues are 
 payable for all members working for honors at the time of payment 
 whether they have attained the rank of Wood Gatherer or not. If 
 the dues of a Camp Fire have been paid for ten members to December, 
 1917, the Guardian may continue to procure rings to December, 1917, 
 without additional dues regardless of changes in membership, provid- 
 ing there are only ten active members at one time. As soon as the 
 membership exceeds ten, additional dues will be required. 
 
 Exchange of Rings. If for any reason rings are returned to us for 
 exchange, we request that the Guardian send with them a slip of paper 
 bearing her name and address and the ring sizes desired. 
 
 Lost Rings. If a girl loses her ring, we will replace it upon receipt 
 of fifty cents together with the girPs name, size of ring desired, and 
 name of Guardian. 
 
 6. Reports. Once a year a report blank is sent to each Guardian 
 in Good Standing. As reappointment is based on the information 
 given in this report, it is necessary that it be returned to National 
 Headquarters as soon as possible. 
 
 7. Notice to Guardians Who Wish to Have Two Active Camp 
 Fires. At a meeting of the Board of Directors, November 15, 1916, 
 the following resolution was passed: 
 
 Resolved: That any Guardian may be allowed to have two Camp 
 Fires provided she is in good standing and that she secures an assis- 
 tant. 
 
 (a) If a second Camp Fire is an old Camp Fire in Good Standing, 
 the fee is fifty cents. (Transfer Fee.) 
 
 (b) If the second Camp Fire is composed entirely of new members, 
 the fee is one dollar. This entitles the Camp Fire to a Charter and 
 “Wohelo.” 
 
 (c) If the second Camp Fire is composed of part of an old Camp 
 Fire (six or more members of a Camp Fire in Good Standing) the fee 
 is one dollar. This entitles the Camp Fire to a Charter and^“Wohelo.*’ 
 
 (i) Before a second Camp Fire is recorded at Headquarters, it is 
 necessary for the Guardian to fill out a regular application blank giv- 
 
no 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 ing name of Camp Fire, whether new, old, or part of old Camp Fire; 
 if old or part of old Camp Fire, name of former Guardian, list of 
 members in the Camp Fire and their ages. 
 
 (2) The Guardian must attend to correspondence, sign ring cards, 
 orders for beads, insignia, etc., for both Camp Fires, mentioning the 
 Camp Fire name in all transactions in order to avoid complications. 
 
 (3) Both Camp Fires under one Guardian must be kept in good 
 standing. If one Camp Fire falls in arrears, it will be taken to indi- 
 cate too much responsibility for the Guardian, and both Camp Fires 
 will be dropped until a readjustment can be made, by the Guardian 
 either continuing with only one Camp Fire or by paying dues for the 
 Camp Fire in arrears, bringing both into good standing. 
 
 (4) The dues of the second Camp Fire are reckoned from the date 
 of official organization of that Camp Fire. (See Dues.) 
 
 (5) No Guardian may have more than two Camp Fires. 
 
 (6) Guardian must advise us that she has a capable assistant. 
 
 The Assistant has no official standing and is not recorded at Head- 
 quarters. She need not be a Camp Fire Girl. She does not wear the 
 Guardian’s pin. She does not pay dues. If, however, she wishes to 
 wear the ring and other insignia she must be recorded as a regular 
 member of the Camp Fire and win them by working for honors, in 
 which case she pays dues with the Camp Fire. 
 
 The Guardian shall decide as to how much authority the Assistant 
 may have in conducting Council Meetings. 
 
 8. Girls Who Are Transferred. A girl who is transferred from 
 one Camp Fire to another will receive full credit from both the new 
 Guardian and National Headquarters for all the attainments which 
 are properly recorded. This transfer blank is filled out by the former 
 Guardian for the new Guardian and should not be sent to Headquar- 
 ters. It is a record for the new Guardian. When a girl is transferred 
 from one Camp Fire to another, the new Guardian should send girl’s 
 name and name of former Guardian to Headquarters so that records 
 may be adjusted. 
 
 Because of the difficulty in giving a definite rule in regard to dues of 
 transferred members, each case must be taken up individually by 
 Headquarters. ^ 
 
Community bungalow built by the Camp Fire Girls 
 of Pawling, New York 
 
 The interior of the above bungalow 
 
A community fireplace built by the Camp Fire Girls 
 of Burlington, Iowa 
 
 A practical outdoor fireplace 
 
Guardians 
 
 III 
 
 9. Absent Members. Many Camp Fire Girls go to college or 
 school but wish to continue as Camp Fire Girls. If they continue 
 to work for honors as members of their home Camp Fire, they pay 
 dues with that Camp Fire. If they join a college or school Camp 
 Fire, they are transferred and pay dues in their new Camp Fire. 
 
 10. Members in Spirit. Camp Fire Girls who go away to'school 
 or to college or for any good reason are unable to meet regularly with 
 their Camp Fire and work for honors, may be elected “Members in 
 Spirit.** They do not count in the twenty that each Guardian is 
 allowed to have. Such membership involves no dues. National 
 Headquarters should be notified when such changes are made. Mem- 
 bers in Spirit and absent members may retain an intimate connection 
 with Camp Fire by subscribing to “Wohelo.** 
 
 11. Honorary Members. A Camp Fire may elect as an honorary 
 member any one whom it wishes, whether she be a former member or 
 not and such membership need not be restricted to women and girls 
 but may include the fathers of the girls, their rector, or any one else 
 whom they may wish to honor in this way. This being entirely a 
 local matter. National Headquarters does not record these members. 
 They do not pay dues nor wear insignia. 
 
 12. Old Plan Camp Fires. The following was approved by the 
 Board of Directors at their meeting April 26, 1916: Resolved: That 
 we recommend to the Board of Directors that two months after 
 notification by National Headquarters no new members shall be ac- 
 cepted by the National Board as members of Camp Fires on the old 
 or non-paying plan. The Committee recommends that earnest effort 
 be made by the officers to induce as many as possible of the non-paying 
 Camp Fires to come in on the same basis as all other Camp Fires. 
 
 Official announcement of the above resolution was made in the 
 May, 1916, “Wohelo.** 
 
 13. Temporary Guardians. When a Guardian finds it necessary 
 to be away from her Camp Fire and knows some one who is willing to 
 take her place, it is advisable for her to resign and have the substitute 
 make formal application for Guardianship. (Fee, $.$o — receives a 
 
II2 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 Certificate.) This will enable the girls to continue to hold ceremonial 
 meetings and receive beads for honors won. Upon her return, the 
 original Guardian may resume the work and notify National Head- 
 quarters to reinstate her. The substitute Guardian is automatically 
 dropped. 
 
 It is permissible for the substitute to supervise the work of the girls 
 in the Guardian’s absence without becoming an authorized Guardian? 
 but she has no authority to hold Ceremonial Meetings, award honors* 
 sign ring cards, etc. She merely holds the girls together. No Guard- 
 ian has authority to sign ring blanks for any but her own Camp Fire. 
 
 14. Resignation of Guardians. As our record is made out in 
 the name of the Guardian, it is important for any Guardian who resigns 
 to secure a successor for her Camp Fire and to notify the National 
 Office at once of her own resignation and the name of the new Guard- 
 ian. 
 
 15. Reinstatement of Guardians. In order to be reinstated, 
 a Guardian should notify National Headquarters when she resumes 
 Camp Fire Work. 
 
 16. Summer Camp Fires. A Guardian wishing to organize a • 
 Summer Camp Fire must be appointed in the regular way with at least 
 six new members. (See ‘‘Fees,” and “Guardians wishing to take a 
 Second Camp Fire.”) 
 
 I Council Fires should be held weekly. 
 
 If a girl is living in a Summer Camp giving her entire time to Camp 
 Fire work, she may become a Wood Gatherer in two vreeks and a Fire 
 Maker one month after she becomes a Wood Gatherer, provided she 
 fulfills all other requirements. 
 
 Dues are payable on the date of official organization (see “Dues”). 
 Rings are only granted after the membership has been completed by 
 the payment of dues and all other requirements met. (See “ Rings. ”) 
 During the winter, the Summer Camp Fire disbands. 
 
 Summer Camp Fires or Guardians wishing to continue the work 
 throughout the year may do so by following the regular program as 
 outlined in the Manual. 
 
 In addition to her regular Camp Fire, a Guardian may have any 
 
Guardians 
 
 113 
 
 number of girls who are members of other Camp Fires. They are 
 ‘‘Guests” and are not recorded as members of the Summer Camp 
 Fire. They may win honors and be awarded beads but pay dues and 
 apply for rings in their home Camp Fire. The Guardian of the Sum- 
 mer Camp Fire signs Iionor blanks for the Guests to take back to their 
 respective Guardians. Authorized Guardians working for honors 
 in a Summer Camp may be awarded beads and have rank conferred. 
 They are enrolled and pay dues as regular members of the Summer 
 Camp Fire. 
 
 Guardians’ Associations 
 
 When a number of Camp Fires have been started in any locality, 
 the Guardians will find it advantageous to meet together for mutual 
 help. 
 
 Upon receipt of the signatures of three Guardians, two representing 
 different organizations (school, church, etc.) and one independent, 
 that is not connected with any organization, a list of the Guardians 
 of that locality will be sent from the National Office. This Committee 
 should make preparations for and call the first meeting. In order to 
 be officially connected with the National Office, it is necessary: 
 
 1. To send in the names of the Chairman, Secretary, and Treas- 
 urer. 
 
 2. All officers must be Guardians in good standing. 
 
 3. Officers are required to belong to at least two different organiza- 
 tions e. g., church, Y. W. C. A., school, or to be independent. 
 
 4. Territory covered by the Association* e. g., suburbs or towns 
 included. 
 
 5. Members of Associations must only be Guardians in good 
 standing. 
 
 Because all lists are used to great extent by mail order houses for 
 commercial purposes, it is our policy to protect the members of Camp 
 Fire from receiving promiscuous advertisin.g matter, by refusing to 
 give out our mailing lists. 
 
 Purpose. The purpose of the Guardians’ Association Is: (i) for 
 the Guardians to become personally acquainted with each other; (2) to 
 help new Guardians and prospective Guardians; (3) to exchange 
 
1 14 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 ideas; (4) to secure action in matters of general interest, e. g., Grand 
 Councils, Summer Camps, etc., (5) to receive outside efficient help; 
 
 (6) to keep well informed as to what the Camp Fires do as a whole; 
 
 (7) to increase the strength of Camp Fire and to be recognized by the 
 community; (8) to keep the Guardians in close touch with Head- 
 quarters and their own locality. 
 
 Every week a list of new and resigned Guardians is sent to each 
 Chairman. Special material is sent when possible to Associations. 
 
 Organization. The membership is comprised of all the Guardians 
 within commuting distance of a certain point. The greatest latitude 
 in form of local management is encouraged. A Chairman is neces- 
 sary, who is responsible to Nahequa. The following officers and 
 committees are suggested: Executive Committee, Chairman, Vice- 
 Chairman, Treasurer, Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, 
 Press, Social, New Ideas, Work, Finance, Camp, and Music Com- 
 mittees. 
 
 Meetings and Suggestions. Hold meetings once a month; have 
 fixed date, place, and time of meeting; make the Association as much 
 like a Camp Fire as possible ;have a name and symbol; hold indoor and 
 outdoor ceremonial meetings for Guardians and award honors; sing 
 together Camp Fire songs; have something that the Guardians can 
 learn to do at each meeting, something that they will enjoy taking 
 back to their girls such as (a) Ceremonial Council, How to Conduct 
 one, initiations, awarding honor beads, etc. (b) First Aid Demon- 
 stration. (c) Decoration of gown, (d) Stencilling and woodblock- 
 ing. (Get outside help for these things whenever possible.) Have 
 association dues for running expenses, or Grand Council entrance 
 money might help this; many Associations use their own letter heads 
 which facilitates correspondence both locally and with Headquarters. 
 
 In order to give people the right idea of Camp Fire, it is very impor- 
 tant to have a regular system of publicity in order to get the coopera- 
 tion of the newspapers. The following ideas were presented by a 
 publicity expert to help Guardians: 
 
 I. A notice of every meeting of any sort, of plays, or plans to make 
 money, of honors awarded, should be telephoned or mailed to the 
 
Guardians 115 
 
 local papers. You will find that they will soon be coming to you and 
 telephoning to you for news. 
 
 2. Use names when you send your news into the papers. The 
 papers like to publish them. It helps their circulation. 
 
 3. Make items short. Print paper is scarce. The editors will 
 appreciate not having to cut down the items sent in to them. 
 
 4. Get the reporters to attend gatherings for themselves and write 
 their own items as frequently as possible. 
 
 5. When any plan for a summer camp or for raising funds by any 
 novel method or for adopting a baby or for Red Cross work or First 
 Aid work or any form of war relief is definitely adopted, send the 
 news to the papers before starting. The resulting publicity will help 
 the enterprise. 
 
 6. When your meeting place is in a church or connected with a 
 church, get your local clergyman to lend the weight of his authority 
 to induce the papers to print the news of the movement. 
 
 7. Copies of poems, songs, or essays written by the members of 
 your Camp Fire should be sent to the papers. 
 
 On Being a Guardian 
 
 “The paradox of life is that we keep that part of it which we give 
 to others and that we lose that which we save for ourselves. The 
 breath of the Spirit is like the breeze — grasp it to hold and there is 
 nothing. It is like the heart which grows by giving love. Without 
 love, save it, and the heart is empty.’* This was the 1917 message 
 from Dr. Gulick to Guardians. It expresses concisely the success of 
 a Guardian. 
 
 When one is a Guardian, it is necessary to be one with the girls and 
 be interested in their thoughts and activities. Ask for their advice 
 and secure their viewpoints and allow them to feel their share in the 
 building up of the Camp Fire. Personal attention or individual help 
 goes a long way toward securing confidence and establishing a beauti- 
 ful, life-long relationship between a Guardian and Camp Fire girl. 
 Be interested in her school work, her brothers, sisters and friends. 
 So many times a girl makes the remark that, when she grows up, she 
 wants to be like her Guardian. For a Guardian to feel this responsi- 
 bility means consideration of her personal appearance, her posture, 
 
ii6 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 her walk, her dress, her habits, her talk and voice, the language she 
 uses, her relationship with other people, and her disposition. A 
 Guardian taking up Camp Fire work after leaving college said: ‘‘I 
 know of nothing else that has been so beneficial and helpful to me in 
 securing a practical education and in equipping myself for work with 
 young girls as the training which Camp Fire affords/' Many mothers 
 who are Guardians have expressed a renewed companionship existing 
 between mother and daughter. All feel the great privilege of helping 
 the adolescent girl. 
 
 Each Guardian with her Camp Fire is only a small part but a most 
 essential part of a large army of vigorous girls, and to be a part of an 
 efficient whole means a keen interest and broad view of the Camp 
 Fire movement. Camp Fire fosters the “mother spirit." 
 
 “There is a great deal of pent-up motherhood in the world, mother- 
 hood that has been denied its natural expression, or that is large 
 enough to reach out to more than its own small brood, if the chance 
 were given. Girls that have lost their mothers, girls that never had 
 any in the real sense, girls whose mothers are too burdened to give 
 them all the mothering they need — we have them always with us. 
 Th« Camp Fire brings the mother love and hungry heart together. 
 It was the conception of a mother who was striving to give her own 
 daughters the right preparation for womanhood. Camp Fire is the 
 expression of the Mother Spirit brooding over society and the world.” 
 
CHAPTER XI 
 
 FINANCES 
 
 Self-Support. Girls are urged not to secure the money which they 
 use for Camp Fire purposes from their parents, but in all cases to earn 
 it themselves. We believe that this degree of economic independence 
 bears a profound relation to strength of character. We know of no 
 way by which people can learn the value, place, and limitations of 
 money so well as they can by earning it, keeping account of it, and 
 spending it wisely. We think that no woman is prepared for the re- 
 sponsibilities of life, whether these responsibilities are to be primarily 
 inside or outside the home, who has not earned, saved, kept- account 
 of, and spent money. We believe that, in the main, we all appreciate 
 what we pay for as we do not what we receive freely. We believe 
 that these are truths rib less when applied to organizations such as 
 ours than when applied to individuals. 
 
 The “self-support’’ idea was adopted only after a careful considera- 
 tion of many social and economic conditions which were closely related 
 to those factors which must enter into such a movement. 
 
 We know of no cases where the girls themselves have felt that “a 
 cent a week” was more than they could or should pay. There has 
 been objection from adults who believe that such a movement should 
 be a philanthropy, supported by the generous well-to-do for those who 
 are less fortunate in this world’s goods. When, in March, 1915, we 
 changed over from being a philanthropy to a self-supporting institu- 
 tion, we began to grow more rapidly than we had been growing up to 
 that time. 
 
 Just as the organization has definitely worked toward a self-sup- 
 porting end, so each Camp Fire works out for itself a program of self- 
 support. It is usually unwise for the parents or Guardian to advance 
 money to the girls. The habit of “pay as you go” is an important 
 one. It is often difficult for girls to earn money individually; there- 
 fore, Camp Fire strongly urges the earning of money as a group. This 
 not only develops splendid team spirit, but also a strong love of in- 
 dependence and self-support. We can easily imagine that girls who 
 
 117 
 
ii8 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 go on a camping trip on money which they have earned — and perhaps 
 earned through a great deal of effort — have a greater appreciation of 
 the trip than girls who take a trip on money borrowed or given them 
 by parents or friends. 
 
 It is recommended that each Camp Fire have its treasury, from 
 which all expenses are to be paid. The girls earn the money as a 
 Camp Fire, and they spend it as a Camp Fire. Some girls feel that, 
 having earned an honor, they should be given the bead or badge which 
 represents the honor, without any expense to themselves. It is 
 important to learn early that one cannot get something for nothing. 
 A student earns his college degree, but must pay for the diploma and 
 academic gown. Practically all societies pay for their pin and 
 insignia. 
 
 The question which quite naturally first presents itself to any 
 group of girls is: How shall we earn money? Let us consider first 
 what is me^nt by economic exchange. We can only expect money 
 returns for that which is of proportionate value. People will purchase 
 only when they are in need of the articles we have to sell. They 
 should not be persuaded to buy that which they do not want or that 
 which is not worth the price asked, merely because of the personal 
 charm of the seller. 
 
 Some of the ways by which Camp Fire girls have earned money for 
 dues, etc., are: by making jelly, sandwiches, sofa pillow covers, putting 
 emblems on towels and table linens, and by giving plays and enter- 
 tainments. This earning and saving of money seems to arouse more 
 enthusiasm than almost any other kind of activity. It serves to 
 teach girls how to earn, spend, and keep account of money. It 
 brings about a sense of power and independence that is hard to get in 
 any other way. There are few things that a Guardian can do that 
 will help her girls as much as to get this idea of self-support into their 
 minds and then to help them to practise methods of getting the money, 
 spending it wisely, and keeping accounts. The world is demanding 
 more and more that women shall know about money, how to earn it, 
 how to keep it, and how to spend it wisely. 
 
 It is thus partly in order to help meet this tremendous educational 
 need that the Camp Fires are to earn money and pay dues to support 
 their own work. The first opportunity of the Camp Fire Girls is to 
 
Finances 119 
 
 support their own work and then to help every good work that they 
 can. 
 
 Why Pay Dues. Camp Fire Girls pay dues of approximately 
 one cent a week. These dues and charter fees, amounting in round 
 numbers to ^38,000 last year, were the chief support of the National 
 organization. Five per cent, of the sales of the Camp Fire Outfitting 
 Company, amounting to ^6,ooo, furnished the major part of the re- 
 mainder. Sales of Manuals and other publications, and subscriptions 
 to ‘ Wohelo,’* furnished the balance of our income, which amounted 
 in all last year to ^48,8 19. 
 
 The major expenditures were salaries, $27,340, being the compensa- 
 tion of 35 to 40 employees, from the president through correspondence 
 secretaries and record experts to messengers. Bear in mind in con- 
 sidering this and other expenditures that we are handling correspon- 
 dence with 6,800 Guardians representing 95,000 girls (an average of 
 200 letters a day), and that figuring salaries, rental, postage, paper, 
 and overhead expenses, it costs about 10 cents to answer a letter. 
 We spent $2,207 on postage. Rental costs us $3,000. That is cheap 
 for the space which we occupy, an entire floor of a large building in a 
 New York City business block. “Wohelo** cost us last year to print, for 
 paper, etc., $2,265. This year, with all paper prices doubled, plus 
 the increased cost of labor, it will cost double that sum. Manuals 
 cost $2,200. Other expenses, including telephone, office partitions, 
 furniture, and general field work, made up the remainder of the 
 expenses. We are improving our systems all the time, and are using 
 the utmost care in all expenditures, as the national board of directors 
 are trustees to the great Camp Fire Girls Organization and are 
 responsible for its careful management. 
 
 Why, then, should your Camp Fire pay the dues? For the same 
 reason that when you get on a trolley you pay your nickel. 
 
 The money you pay in dues goes to pay for conducting the work. 
 Nobody gets any profit out of your dues. The organization is so 
 incorporated that its accounts must be examined, sworn to, and 
 published every year. We must tell just how every cent was secured 
 and just how it was spent. Not one cent goes into the pockets of any- 
 body as profits. What you pay can only be used to support the work. 
 
120 
 
 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 There are no wealthy people supporting this work. It is supported 
 by the girls themselves. When a Camp Fire joins, and does not pay 
 dues, its members are taking what other girls have to pay for — our 
 rent, printer’s bills, postage, stationery, typewriting, stenographic 
 and other service. The last complete accounting is to be found in 
 the August “Wohelo” of each year. 
 
 There is no more reason why you should join the Camp Fire than 
 that you should join any other organization or buy any article. But 
 you surely do not want to belong to those who take knowingly what 
 they do not pay for. If a thing is not worth what it costs, don’t buy 
 it. 
 
 No one considers the “Movies” undemocratic because it costs a 
 dime to see them. The National Camp Fire exists to help those 
 organize and conduct Camp Fire work who care “One cent a week” 
 for it. To this extent, we are competing with chewing gum, candy, 
 movies, and dance halls. 
 
 You are a member of some other organization and hence do not 
 jhink you ought to pay Camp Fire dues! What has that to do with 
 it.? If you want chewing gum, put in your penny. Ifyou want Camp 
 Fire, put in your penny and your heart. 
 
 The Camp Fire Outfitting Company. The Camp Fire Outfitting 
 Company was organized, incorporated, and is conducted as a purely 
 commercial concern. Under the form of its incorporation, it is 
 authorized to conduct a general merchandise business with members 
 of the Camp Fire Girls Organization and with the public in general. 
 It has the exclusive rights to sell articles officially approved by the 
 Camp Fire Girls Organization. 
 
 In exchange for these exclusive sale rights and assuming that being 
 known as the Camp Fire Girls official outfitter will prove of ad- 
 vertising value in respect to the sale of general merchandise, the 
 Camp Fire Outfitting Company pays to the Organization 5 per cent, 
 on its sales. 
 
 In addition and as a part of its contract, the Camp Fire Outfitting 
 Company furnishes to National Headquarters the Wood Gatherer’s 
 rings, which are given away by the National Board after the require- 
 ments for this rank have been met. 
 
Finances 
 
 I2I 
 
 The articles which indicate either membership or rank will be sold 
 only to members; e. g., the Guardian^s pin, Torch Bearer’s pin, Fire 
 Maker’s bracelet, honor beads, etc., of the Camp Fire Girls. Other 
 articles, which are not for official use, will be sold to any one. 
 
 The Camp Fire Stores Company does a regular mail order business 
 with the general public. It may deal in anything that a large depart- 
 ment store usually handles. The goods sold by this organization do 
 not come under the supervision of the Camp Fire Girls Organization, 
 as they are of the character of general merchandise, and not simply 
 supplies for Camp Fire Girls. No officer, director, or any one else 
 connected in any way with the National organization has any financial 
 interest in either the Outfitting or the Stores Company. 
 
CHAPTER XII 
 
 CAMP FIRE AND THE CHURCH 
 
 Camp Fire needs the church, and the church finds in our organiza- 
 tion a most attractive means by which its spirit can be brought into 
 larger daily service. 
 
 Camp Fire is religious in spirit and purpose. For example, when 
 a girl takes the rank of Fire Maker, she undertakes to “tend the fire 
 that is called 
 
 “The love of man for man 
 The love of man for God.’* 
 
 Camp Fire gives honors for direct relation to the church and its 
 institutions, e. g., 731. For attending service, 729. For teaching in 
 Sunday School, 730. For being a member in a Sunday School class, 
 732. Study lives of religious leaders, 733, missionaries, 745; commit 
 to memory passages from the Bible, as well as honors for singing in 
 choruses, playing instruments, philanthropic service of church insti- 
 tutions, etc. 
 
 Camp Fire does not undertake the responsibility for doctrinal 
 instruction in religious life, for this should be under the direct control 
 of each church body. Camp Fire can and does prepare girls to 
 receive such instruction and to give it constant use in daily conduct. 
 
 There are many Sunday School classes, members of which have 
 been organized as Camp Fires. This relation between the Sunday 
 School and the Camp Fire is wholesome and valuable, but the work of 
 the Sunday School as such, and the work of the Camp Fire should 
 not be confused. For example, religious instruction should be carried 
 on by the class as a Sunday School class, not as a Camp Fire, because 
 while Camp Fire cooperates, it does not duplicate church work. 
 
 We aim to help to make religious life reach out and include homes, 
 friendships, and ideals, and so to enrich and enlarge all phases of life. 
 We aim to give experience in many spiritual things and to cultivate 
 spiritual-mindedness. These are of the greatest value in broaden- 
 
 122 
 
Camp Fire and the Church 123 
 
 ing and deepening religious life. Religion may be regarded as the 
 mode of assembling the various parts of life into a unity. 
 
 “Religious honors are not separately grouped as such because the 
 service of God involves the whole of life — body, mind, and spirit. 
 If we should have a group of honors under the heading of religion, 
 it would seem to imply that religion was isolated from the rest of life 
 and that the other groups were somehow carried on with a different 
 spirit or a different idea of service. More and more we realize that 
 physical things cannot be separated from the spiritual, and that the 
 spiritual motive and atmosphere must pervade and dominate the 
 entire life. Camp Fire from the beginning has been an endeavor to 
 express the oneness of life and to carry out in practical ways the 
 spiritual conception of daily living. 
 
 Dr. Norman E. Richardson, President of the Boston Sunday 
 School Superintendents’ Union, says: — “There are many reasons 
 why Camp Fire Girls is being adopted by so many churches and why 
 it is proving to be so successful. 
 
 “ In the first place, it fits into the organization of the Church School 
 without violating any of the fundamental principles of Church School 
 organization. It is not necessary to organize the girls solely for 
 Camp Fire purposes, thus increasing the number of organizations and 
 dissipating the loyalties of the girls. The present class units of 
 organization can be carried over into the field of recreation, that is. 
 Camp Fire can be made a supplement to, rather a substitute for, the 
 regular form of organization. 
 
 “The system of activities provided is so varied and so inclusive that 
 selections can be made that are adapted to the needs of all kinds of 
 girls. The Camp Fire Manual is a veritable storehouse of interesting 
 and practical suggestions of things that girls from twelve to twenty 
 years of age like to do. The needs, interests, and capacities of the 
 girls themselves, have been the guiding principles in selecting the 
 various items in the Camp Fire Program. 
 
 “Ideas presented and emotions awakened on Sunday need to be put 
 to some use during the week. More harm is done to young life during 
 leisure time than this world dreams of, and leisure hours present more 
 opportunities for building character than the church has yet 
 
124 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 realized. The church now faces the responsibility, not only of pro- 
 viding formal instruction in morals and religions, but also the responsi- 
 bility of conserving that instruction by providing suitable opportuni- 
 ties for expression. The Camp Fire Program preempts the leisure 
 time of girls, thus saving them from harmful types of activities, but in 
 addition to this it does the positive work of directing them toward 
 those things which are recreational in the highest and best sense. 
 
 ‘‘It must not be assumed, however,That Camp Fire is an automatic 
 machine, self-directed and self-propelled. Any program of recrea- 
 tion that is not in the hands of a suitable leader can easily become 
 positively harmful. The Camp Fire Program is not a substitute for 
 trained leaders. It presents an increased demand that the Church 
 School provide those types of leaders who can lead girls through Camp 
 Fire into their highest and richest self-development. The Camp Fire 
 Guardian should be loyal to her own Church, spontaneously enthusi- 
 astic for the claims of her own religion. It is not enough for her to 
 master the technique of building fires and weaving headbands. 
 These interesting activities, in fact, the whole organization, is but a 
 dead tool until it is placed in the hands of one who knows how to use 
 it. With the ideal guardian, however, the girls are sure to come into 
 a richer spiritual inheritance, for character can be formed through 
 recreation. 
 
 “Furthermore, the Camp Fire Program develops the girls within 
 their natural environment. It does not take them away from the 
 home, nor does it try to make them boyish. It strengthens the bonds 
 that unite the girls to their own family circles. It looks with high 
 favor upon domestic skill and loyalty. The three institutions that 
 influence most deeply the life of a girl are the homes, the church, and 
 the school. Camp Fire seeks to organize the activities that naturally 
 lie outside of these institutions and use them to create higher efficiency 
 within these three groups of relationships/* 
 
CHAPTER XIII 
 
 NAMES, SYMBOLS, AND HEADBANDS 
 
 A symbol tells with great simplicity a story, a thought, an aspiration, 
 or an ideal. It is marked by the individuality of the maker and it 
 stands for an expression clearer to that person than any number of 
 descriptive words. Many costumes and headbands are made un- 
 attractive by the appearance of letters, such as those spelling the 
 name of the Camp Fire. A well-chosen symbol should convey the 
 meaning — it is more artistic, more decorative, and simpler to make. 
 Symbolism should not stop at the ceremonial gown. It should be 
 made a part of the every-day dress. Beautiful hat bands, scarfs, 
 sashes, bags, woodblocked dresses, and smocks can be made by every 
 Camp Fire Girl. At first, it may not be found easy to express one’s 
 self by means of symbolism, so the following drawings have been 
 made and described to suggest ways in which symbolism may be used. 
 Two points to remember in drawing symbols are: 
 
 1. Simplicity. Avoid realistic and detailed drawings. 
 
 2. Balance. Have your design well balanced. 
 
 How to Make a Headband. Secure a bead loom from the Camp 
 Fire Outfitting Company or from the fancy work department of a 
 store. If you would rather make a bead loom, it is a simple and 
 interesting process. Secure a strong cigar box, and across the narrow 
 ends either cut notches about one-sixteenth of an inch apart, or fasten 
 a piece of wire comb. The other two sides should be cut away. 
 
 Cut one more warp thread than the number of beads you are going 
 to use in the width of the band. A band twenty beads in width takes 
 twenty-one warp threads. Fasten the threads securely at one end 
 and bring them through the notches, side by side to the other end of 
 the box and fasten them so that the threads are taut across the top 
 of the box. Use strong linen thread for the warp. Thread a fine 
 needle and tie end of thread to left end of warp thread. String enough 
 beads to reach across the width of the band (one less than the number 
 
 I2S 
 
126 
 
A Saturday afternoon hike over the hills means health 
 
 Off for a sixty-mile hike 
 
-1 
 
 Learning control of the body at Lake Okoboji, Iowa 
 
Names, Symbols, and Headbands 127 
 
 of warp threads). Pass the string of beads under the warp threads, 
 push the beads up between the threads and then pass the needle 
 through the beads again. This time the thread goes over the warp 
 threads. The design you wish to make should be well drawn on 
 cross-section paper. Each square represents one bead. 
 
 To fulfill the Fourth Requirement for Wood Gatherer does not 
 necessarily mean the making of a bead headband on a loom. Many 
 attractive headbands can be made by embroidering your symbol 
 either in beads on silk or a piece of velvet, khaki, or soft leather. 
 Woodblocking and stencilling are often used in carrying out designs 
 for headbands. 
 
 Description of Symbols 
 
 I. Wa-lo-hi — Thrill of Dawn. A purple hush, changing to 
 song, to scarlet, and then — the sun! Where is the thrill to compare 
 with it? Nations have bowed down in its presence. There is always 
 the deep peace of earth-stillness at dawn. Wa-lo-hi will then go and 
 listen, and in her soul will be born mysterious silences, and others will 
 wonder and love her. 
 
 The central design is a lake symbol (Arapaho), with the sun peeping 
 above. On either side are mountains with the symbol for person on 
 top. 
 
 II. Wi-to-no-hi — She Withholds Nothing. She gives all — her- 
 self, her heart, her joy and sorrow she holds out, reaching toward the 
 world. The figure in the center of the design is the heart. On either 
 side are little flames of joy, directly above is a cloud of sorrow, and 
 nearly encircling these are the arms of love. 
 
 III. Li-tah-ni. — ^Little Flame in the Night. Li-tah-ni is as one 
 of the little flames which dot the lonely country road, the silent hill 
 and valley, and the busy city street with love, a little spirit of home- 
 glowing welcome to the tired hearts and the hungry souls that are 
 magically drawn thither. 
 
 IV. Yo-be-nish — ^Barberry. 
 
 You were my burning bush. Barberry, Barberry, 
 
 There at the bend of the road. 
 
-128 
 
Names, Symbols, and Headbands 129 
 
 Flaming with autumn fire, scarlet as heart’s desire, 
 
 In thy leaves all the world’s mystery glowed. 
 
 I bowed my soul to you. Barberry, Barberry, 
 
 Hurt it was, too, and afraid. 
 
 Drew off my travel-worn shoes, dusty, gray, and torn. 
 Humbly I came to you, faint and dismayed. 
 
 Oh, but the heaven was wonderful. Barberry, 
 
 Wide-ej^ed and vagabond blue. 
 
 Cool sun upon the grass, faint fingered winds that pass. 
 Everything brim-full of joy, through and through. 
 
 All the past seemed like a vagrant dream. Barberry. 
 
 Healed was my soul, and anew. 
 
 Coming, I know not why, bubbled up songs of joy 
 God gave them. Barberry, God gave me you! 
 
 V. Ma-ren-po — ^Pollen Dreamer. Pollen symbolizes new life, 
 new seeds, new flowers, new endless creation. How aimless and 
 wasteful are many of our dreamings; what sterile and fruitless mean- 
 derings after unreality. But now and then comes a dreamer whose 
 every dream is alive, quivering with fertility and the possibilities of 
 creation; dreams that bud, and flower, and seed, and grow, to bud 
 and flower again. 
 
 The symbol is taken from the Arapaho, meaning butterfly, and the 
 four dots symbolize pollen, the new life carried by the butterfly from 
 flower to flower. 
 
 • 
 
 VI. Koo-ti-ma — Moonlight Brook. Koo-ti-ma will have a heart 
 of calm, and yet, underneath the litten, silver surface she will be 
 aware of strange yearnings toward the unknown river beyond. Some- 
 times these yearnings may trouble her, and the calm be shattered into 
 a thousand fragments of distraught and sparkling unrest. Yet each 
 tiny ripple will be full of moonlight, and when peace again rests on 
 the brook, the moon will shine, perfect in its serene beauty. 
 
 VII. Waw-ban-see — Mirror Water. Whatever Waw-ban-see 
 reflects appears beautified, as each passing cloud, however gray, each 
 old, dead tree limb, each jutting rock, the sun-flecked willow, and the 
 
130 
 
Names, Symbols, and Headbands 13 1 
 
 first evening star, seem enhanced and glorified in the mirroring stream. 
 So, without realizing it, perhaps, Waw-ban-see will be found reflecting 
 the image of the Great Wokanda, Unseen Spirit of Loveliness. 
 
 The design is shown in the white outline. Through the center runs 
 the stream. From left to right, with their reflections, are the sun, 
 tree, clouds, and underneath, the jutting rocks. The design is re- 
 peated from the center. 
 
 VIII. Sa-qua-sipi — River of Mystery. The Indians gave this 
 name to a river which had its source in bubbling springs, saying that 
 it meant, “Something which comes up in the night without any seed 
 having been planted.” In each of us is such a river, rising from mys- 
 terious springs deep in our inmost selves. Some of us neglect it, let 
 the rustling marsh grasses wither, try to dam it back, or fill the springs 
 with sand, and the river dwindles to a mere trickle, and at last, dies. 
 Sa-qua-sipi will care for her “ River of Mystery,” plant the banks with 
 lovely dream flowers, build little bridges of wise thoughts to span it, 
 
 make it turn the wheels of Love’s great power plants. This is 
 the symbol for heart, and from it flows the River of Mystery. 
 
 IX. Ta-ta-pochon — Cannot-be-Pulled- Apart. This is sym- 
 bolized by the square knot. The more you pull it, the tighter it will 
 grow. Such is the friendship of Ta-ta-pochon. This name also 
 means “Twisting Vine.” 
 
 X. Koon — Snow; or Na-wa-kah-mo-ka — First Snow. How 
 
 friendly seems the first falling snow!. It smooths out the roughnesses, 
 conceals the ugliness, dresses the bareness in beauty, and tenderly 
 covers the faded grasses to await another spring. There are a few 
 human Na-wa-kah-mo-kas, the rare friends who transform the gray 
 world. They make the hopelessly plain seem beautiful, smooth away 
 the self-conscious roughness, bring to light hidden charms, and lend 
 to others the glow of their own quiet perfection. They tend “the 
 fire that is called the love of man for man, the love of man for God.” 
 
 This band symbolizes the snowflakes and the snow-covered ground. 
 
 XL Mattapf-hyo-teg — Sit-by-the-Fire. Mattapf-hyo-teg will 
 sit by the fire, feed it, and fearlessly search its depths, and in her eyes 
 friends will see the fire-lore written. 
 
132 
 
Names, Symbols, and Headbands 133 
 
 The square design is an Arapaho symbol for person sitting; the 
 triangle, an Arapaho flame symbol. 
 
 XII. Nas-waw-kee — Feathered Arrow, or One-Who- 
 Feathers-Arrows. Feathers make the arrow fly straight. There 
 are some arrows that seem destined to ".igzag through life, however 
 much they may try to go straight ahead. Aim as they will, they 
 keep having to pick themselves out of some wandering path, far 
 afield, and struggle into sight of the target. Perhaps these arrows 
 need a few strong feathers, tied on tightly. There are always a 
 few who are expert at feathering arrows. Guardians need to be good 
 at this task. Nas-waw-kee means both the arrow and the featherer. 
 These are Arapaho symbols for arrow. 
 
 XIII. Wendat — People of One Speech. The symbol shows a 
 chain in which the links are of hearing ears and understanding tongues. 
 
 XIV. Tems-kwah-ta-wah — He-Who-Keeps-the-Door-Open. 
 The door of the soul must be kept open to each new truth, which 
 must be welcomed, and given its own place in the life. The open door 
 of hospitality means not alone the giving of physical food, but the 
 spiritual gift of one’s self. 
 
 The design is one of a primitive spoon, and Indian symbol for hos- 
 pitality. The band is begun with the square, an Arapaho symbol for 
 the open door, over the handle of the spoon. 
 
 XV. To-pi-ah — Frost-on-the-Leaves. It is so airily traced 
 that a touch or a breath will bruise or dissolve it, yet so perfect in its 
 fairness that it seems like the dreams which trace their magic in our 
 hearts. 
 
 XVI. Tah-hoo-tah-na-ke — Two-Ears-Together, or Rabbit. 
 
 XVII. A-go-go — Hush-The e-Child. A-go-go expresses the quiet 
 comfort of a mother. The symbol represents a babe cradled in the 
 out-of-doors. 
 
 XVIII. O-aw-wen-sa — Sunflower or Flower-of-the-Sun. In 
 
 the upper middle part of the design is the sun. The petals grow out 
 from it, saturated with its yellow glow. Below, a leaf stretches out 
 to the right. 
 
134 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 XIX. Hah-nah-wen — ^Butterfly. “He feels warm because he 
 
 delights in the sun.** 
 
 XX. Sa-a-narai. “ In old age walking the beautiful trail.** 
 
 Note — ^Any of the above names may be shortened if so desired. 
 
 How to Choose a Name. A Camp Fire girl chooses or wins her 
 own name and symbol, which stands for the qualities or accomplish- 
 ments by which she wishes to be known. From a collection of Indian 
 legends the names “Wanaka,** sun-halo, and “Chelan,** clear water, 
 were taken. One girl had been watching the oven-bird build its 
 nest and then took the Indian name of that bird. Another girl took 
 her name from the words, “needed and cheerful,** two things which 
 she wished to be, and now she is known as “Neachee.** “Pakwa** 
 chose the frog as her symbol, for its skill in diving; “Kanxi** chose 
 the honey-bee for its sweetness. “Morning Star*’ likes to take walks 
 before breakfast and hopes soon to get breakfast all alone for the 
 other members of the family. “Evening Star,** her sister, is the 
 one who puts the two younger children to bed, and she is winning her 
 first honors in telling folk-stories and Indian legends to them. “Grey 
 Leaves** found her name in the poem, “The Master and the Trees,** 
 by Sidney Lanier. 
 
 The names and symbols of the Camp Fires or of the Camp Fire Girls 
 may be suggested from any source, especially from folk-lore of the 
 different countries, but are perhaps more often taken from the Indian 
 lore, because it is suggestive of the spirit of out-of-doors, of the in- 
 genious use of the materials at hand, and is so distinctly American. 
 
 Often, when names have been too hastily chosen, the girls are anx- 
 ious to change them for new names. Many times a more thoughtful 
 study of the name will reveal some study of symbolism not before 
 known or realized. If so, it is wise to hold to the original name. But 
 if the girl’s desires have so changed that a different name is more 
 appropriate, let the old name be written on a piece of paper, and at 
 the Council Fire the Guardian may explain the reason for the change. 
 She then throws the paper into the flames and tells the girls that, as 
 she throws the paper into the flames, it is a sign that the name is gone 
 forever and must never be mentioned by the girls again; hereafter, 
 the girl is to be known by her new name. 
 
TlYRG-fl HOMS-rJBKeJt 
 
 Ti-ya-ga has chosen the tepee and flame for her symbol, the 
 Home Maker. In the tepee design at the bottom of her skirt and 
 in the headband she has worked in a personality symbol, but at the 
 neck of the costume, on either side of the tepee in the center, she 
 has made a border of her flame symbols. 
 
 135 
 
MiNows— nawG voice 
 
 The idea of song is carried out in the dress, moccasins, and head- 
 band. In the center of the design above the fringe at the bottom 
 of the costume is a bird symbol with its song (the wavy lines). 
 Directly above, on either side, is another symbol for song. The 
 collar, also, is a symbolic bird. Its tail shows on the back of the 
 collar. The headband and moccasins show the bird with its song 
 encircling the land with its magic. 
 
 136 
 
CHAPTER XIV 
 
 THE CEREMONIAL GOWN 
 
 The ceremonial gown should be as beautiful as we can make it, 
 but there is the danger of confusing true decoration with meaningless 
 ornamentation. This should not be found a common mistake, for 
 Camp Fire Girls are imbued with the very spirit of beauty. If we 
 will keep in mind that our gown is more than a passing fad, more than 
 a girlhood phase of our existence, that it is, in fact, a proud record, 
 writ large with our accomplishments and ideals, imbued with sym- 
 bols of dear friendship, memory-hallowed, and alive with the promise 
 of hope fulfilled, we will come into a rightful sense of its purpose. 
 
 There is a splendid democracy of spirit possible through the use 
 and development of our ceremonial gown; first, it should be made of 
 excellent (though not necessarily expensive) material, its lines good, 
 color and length uniform, for there is no surer method of detracting 
 from group beauty than by a diversity of shades when a costume is 
 obviously intended to carry out unison, or by the jerky effect of such 
 costumes when cut in varying lengths from knee to ankle. The gown 
 is made of khaki, with leather fringe, the bottom of which should be 
 seven inches from the ground. Elaboration, which merely means 
 large money-purchasing power, should find no encouragement in 
 Camp Fire groups, but worthily earned decoration, the well-balanced 
 use of God’s glory of color will become a source of mutual group as 
 well as individual pride, and each girl should cherish the hope of 
 handing on to that dear posterity of her dreams this woven texture 
 of her girl-soul expression. 
 
 When the Gown Should Be Worn. Questions regarding the 
 time and occasions for wearing the ceremonial costume are many. 
 Should it be worn for demonstrations, exhibitions, or masquerades? 
 No, we are opposed to cheapening it in such ways, and if we are en- 
 dowed with the ideals which we represent when we wear it in the name 
 of our organization, we will hold these sentiments too precious for 
 careless usage. Should it be worn when girls are acting as ushers or 
 
 137 
 
138 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 waiting on tables at fairs and the like? No, it is just as incorrect for 
 a Camp Fire girl to perform these offices in her ceremonial gown as for 
 an Episcopal minister to wait on table in the gown of his office. 
 
 Our ceremonial gown has its high purpose: first, in the intimate 
 circle of the Council Fire; second, in public appearance at the Grand 
 Council; third, when Camp Fire girls appear in pageants or on floats 
 in a group, as representatives of the organization, provided such 
 pageants or floats do not commit the Camp Fire girls as such, to 
 sponsor or belong to any one sect, society, or institution. 
 
 Exceptional Uses of the Gown. When celebrations of purely 
 community interest are given, and Camp Fire girls are asked to 
 participate, the gown may be worn; but in such cases they should 
 give some distinctive ceremonial of the Camp Fire, however brief; 
 light the fires of Work, Health, and Love; sing appropriate songs; 
 and build the fire to symbolize their rising place in the community 
 and the glow of their high intent. If our ceremonial gown is to be 
 fraught with meaning to us, we must zealously guard its sanctity of 
 association, so that it may become the combined symbol of all that 
 it has meant to us of beauty, happiness, and attainment of ideals. 
 
Ceremonial gowns exhibited at national headquarters 
 
Ceremonial gowns exhibited at national headquarters 
 
( 
 
 unsn* btsBK OF n*HS 
 •pHunomFt mooM 
 
 All the week the rain was with us, 
 Keeping us from outdoor pleasures. 
 
 But we blessed the generous rain god 
 For the chances that he gave us 
 For our gathering in the Craft House 
 At the feet of our Tirpanous. 
 
 There we sat around the fire. 
 
 Faces glowing in the warm light. 
 
 Faces earnest in attention. 
 
 Out-of-doors was black and stormy. 
 
 Rain came patter, patter downward, 
 
 And we listened to Timanous. 
 
 Talked he of the many chances 
 For our learning useful antics 
 As we sported in the water. 
 
 Swam and dove and jumped and twisted, 
 One thing at a time attempting; 
 
 Then next morning he watched o’er us. 
 Helping, warning, and directing. 
 
 139 
 
VHB d'BAR 
 
 UNOW i^OOH 
 C«lAMWARy> 
 
 HUM am moon 
 < rCBHVAI^> 
 
 TH& CftOW MOON 
 <MAROH> 
 
 tfO GO 
 ^PRIL 
 
 ■li.' 
 
 ‘thb wibo Goose MOort 
 < APRIU> 
 
 9HG *PHUN^GR MOON 
 
 f^Mft oasoNemif Mooff 
 
 < ASJGXfS^J 
 
 VHB HWMVINO MOON 
 
 <SbO'rBmseii> 
 
 9He LBATVMtuMOMOON 
 
 c «e*ro0Ba> 
 
 
 «He SONG MOOM 
 «AAy 
 
 9HB> ICBPORMINGAtOOH 
 
 < NoveMeeR> 
 
 
 THB aOSii MOOH 
 
 l•ONO NIGHT MOON 
 « B&eNM8Ba> 
 
 140 
 
CHAPTER XV 
 
 THE COUNT, OR RECORD BOOK 
 
 If the Camp Fire is to succeed, it is necessary to hav^e a record of 
 the honors earned by each girl. The Count, or Record Book, has 
 been especially designed to meet this need. It makes permanent any 
 good times that the girls have together. Girls in their teens are in 
 the romance period of their lives. They love memory books. The 
 written record of the doings of their group means infinitely more to 
 them than to people in general. Every time it is read individually 
 or collectively, the good times are lived over. It makes of importance 
 events trivial in themselves. It holds the group together. An in- 
 dividual group may scatter and disband, but if a good Count was kept, 
 it will be a testimony of the work they have done and the play they 
 have enjoyed together. In work for girls, it is economy of effort, for 
 in the long run nothing is lost. 
 
 The first five printed leaves are for the title page, marking the roll 
 and recording the group summary of the honors won and the ranks 
 attained. Following this there are four pages for each girl. The 
 honors are represented by pictographs which are to be appropriately 
 colored when the honor is won. Any of these pages may be purchased 
 separately. Each book contains record blanks for twelve girls, unless 
 otherwise ordered. There are over fifty pages for the written record 
 of events, for pictures, pen sketches, and other reminders. The 
 Record Book is printed in dark brown on tan paper and is covered 
 with soft brown leather bound with a thong of the same. 
 
 Each Camp Fire is to decorate its own Count. The symbol of 
 the Camp Fire is to be painted or burned on the brown leather cover. 
 The first leaf will be the title page. On this page should be the name 
 of the Camp Fire and the date of the first Council Fire. Following 
 the title page is a page on which is printed the Law of the Camp Fire, 
 to be signed by each girl as she joins. Following this is a page ar- 
 ranged for a yearly summary of the records of the Camp Fire members. 
 The page for marking the attendance is divided into squares in which 
 can be drawn symbols illustrating what was done at each meeting. 
 
 141 
 
142 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 They may be marked either by red pencil for the ceremonial meetings 
 and by blue for the weekly meetings, or by the colors indicating the 
 different moons as used by the Indians.* 
 
 The Chattahoochee Camp Fire, in marking the roll, has used certain 
 colors to indicate the reason for any absence. They color the moon 
 flame color for Camp Fire work done at home at the time of the meet- 
 ing; green if the girl has stayed away to be with her parents; purple 
 if she is away at school or on a long journey; white for absence on 
 account of illness; and black if she stays away by preference, 
 
 March — Crow Moon, First, or Awakening (Blue) Crane Moon. 
 
 April — ^Wild Goose or Grass Moon (Green), Honker Moon. 
 
 May — Fawn or Song Moon (Purple). 
 
 June — Rose Moon (Rose). 
 
 July — ^Thunder Moon (Copper). 
 
 August — Red or Green Corn Moon (Yellow). 
 
 September — Hunting Moon (Yellow). 
 
 October — Leaf Falling Moon (Fiery). 
 
 November — Mad Moon (Smoky). 
 
 December — Long Night Moon (Black). 
 
 January — Snow Moon (White). 
 
 February — Hunger Moon or Wan Moon (Pale or Ashy). 
 
 Of following these pages each girl is to All out her group of four 
 leaves. On the first one she writes her name, the date of her birth, 
 the names of her father and mother, her birthplace, and her present 
 address. On this leaf she also fills out the date when she attains each 
 rank, using for the month its Indian name or symbol. These can be 
 found in the calendar or on the covers of “Wohelo.'* 
 
 Next comes the name of the Camp Fire, its totem, and the town 
 in which it is chartered. As the girl gains the requirements for be- 
 coming a Wood Gatherer, the symbols representing the requirements 
 are painted brown, the color of the fagots. When they are completed 
 and she has received her ring, her ceremonial name with its meaning 
 is written in and her symbol drawn. 
 
 As rapidly as she meets the requirements to become a Fire Maker, 
 the symbol representing the requirement is painted purple. “As 
 the purple of the hills suggests the beauty of the land beyond, so the 
 
 •Quoted from “The Birch-Bark Roll,’* by Ernest Thompson Seton. 
 
The first girls’ camp in Alaska 
 
Call to service 
 
 Minute Girls of 1917 
 
The Count, or Record Book 143 
 
 purple of these honors brings the inspiration of Wohelo.” When she 
 becomes a Torch Bearer, her symbol is painted in the empty quarter 
 of the Torch Bearer’s emblem. On the next two leaves are the sym- 
 bols of the Elective Honors. I'hese are to be painted the colors 
 corresponding to the beads given for these honors: red for the red 
 blood of health, flame color for home craft, the blue of the open sky 
 for nature lore; the brown of the woods for camp craft; green, the 
 color of creation, for hand craft; yellow for business; and red, white, 
 and blue for patriotism. The fourth leaf is for the girl’s name and 
 symbol, with the explanation of their meanings, and her photograph. 
 
 Every device to be thought of may be used to tell the story of a 
 group of Camp Fire Girls. Not only do they write the happenings 
 and insert photographs of their excursions, but they make pen pic- 
 tures along the margins of the leaves. They draw everything from 
 the Indian sign of the moon to a marked and wriggly snake, telling 
 of the trip to Rattlesnake Pond. The written account of the meetings 
 and expeditions may often be given in the form of verse. 
 
 To some girls the keeping of the Count has given the first real 
 interest in written expression. They find that they can do something 
 which they never dreamed was possible for any one other than a 
 genius. 
 
144 
 
A^CIEl 
 A Uoderately 
 
 r^T SPXKITW 
 
 At^ F01..K 90 
 
 NC 
 
 
 
 
 
 (to ^ — E — f — 
 
 
 
 
 ^ Sky 80 bright 
 
 Count* less Star 
 
 js 'fiaiuy 
 
 , blue and light# 
 8. countless times 
 
 stars hov ma- ny 
 shall our God be 
 
 
 
 ha,8t thou? 
 prai sed now. 
 
 
 r — ^ 
 
 
 — aJ d 1 -1 
 
 4aj j — — j — 
 
 — f J — d f— 
 
 
 
 3 -j- ^ 
 
 For - est green, 
 
 J ^ y 
 
 cool, se - rene,l 
 
 J. J J 
 
 eaves how na — ny 
 
 J ' 
 
 hast thou? 
 
 ♦ 
 
 ^ Count'less leave 
 
 irt Slowly 
 
 s. count'less tines 
 
 shall our God be 
 
 ^ ^ S d 
 
 prais-ed now. 
 
 rW^ — I — 
 
 
 
 1 1 — —I 
 
 
 
 
 d f 1 
 
 ^ -J- -J- ^ 
 
 Deep-est sea, 
 
 ff f 0^-7^ 
 
 wide and free, w 
 
 r -± — r - r -i 
 
 aves how ma - 
 
 hast thou? 
 
 
 
 
 -J J ~}-q 
 
 ^ Count- less waves 
 Very slowly and 
 
 count- less tines 
 
 solemnly 
 
 shall our God be 
 
 prais-ed now. 
 
 Ap 0 . j u -r- 
 
 ■■■■ r t r ■ 1 ■ 
 
 — d 1 1 1 — 
 
 r -r — -j 1 
 
 ^ J J J J 
 
 J O MM- 
 
 . M A 1 
 
 n j 1 
 
 E-ter - nl -ty. 
 
 E - ter - ni -ty, 
 
 hours how aa — ny 
 
 d .JL 
 
 hast thou? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C- U 
 
 Count' 1«8S houra, count- less times shall our God be prais* ed now. 
 
 IWOW OUFL CAMP FIRES BURNINQ I-OW" 
 c Lullaby 
 
 US 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF REFERENCES FOR 
 ELECTIVE HONORS 
 
 HEALTH CRAFT 
 
 First Aid: 
 
 American Red Cross Text 
 
 Book on First Aid Lynch, Major Charles P. Biakiston & Son 
 
 Abridged $0.30 
 
 Complete i .00 
 
 Games and Folk Dancing: 
 
 Games for the Playground, 
 
 Home, School and Gym- 
 nasium Bancroft, Jessie H Macmillan Co 1.50 
 
 Folk-dances and Singing 
 
 Games Burchenal, Elizabeth G. Schirmer I-SO 
 
 The Folk-Dance Book Crampton, C. Ward, M.D. A. S. Barnes Co 1.50 
 
 Folk Dances and Games Crawford, Caroline A. S. Barnes Co 1.50 
 
 Children’s Singing Games.. . .Hofer, Mari R A. Flanagan Co 50 
 
 Education by Plays and * 
 
 Games Johnson, G. E Ginn & Co 90 
 
 Swimming: 
 
 At Home in the Water Corsan, G. Hebden Y.M.C.A. Press 50 
 
 How to Swim Dalton, D G. P. Putnam’s Sons I.OO 
 
 Winter Sports: 
 
 The Book of Winter Sports. .Dier, J. C Macmillan Co 1.50 
 
 Horsemanship: 
 
 Riding and Driving for Wo- 
 men Beach, Belle Chas. Scribner’s Sons 4.00 
 
 HOME CRAFT 
 
 The American School of Home Economics in Chicago issues a set of books touch- 
 ing on different phases of home life 
 
 (a) The Handbook of Food and Diet 
 
 (b) The Handbook of Housekeeping 
 
 (c) The Handbook of Health and Nursing. 
 
 (d) The Handbook of Dress and Childhood 
 
 Cooking: 
 
 Boston Cooking-School Cook 
 
 Book Farmer, Fannie Merritt. . .Little, Brown & Co. $ 2.00 
 
 Cookery for Little Cooks. . . .Foster, Olive H Duffield & Co 7S 
 
 146 
 
 ! $5.oo 
 the set 
 
Bibliography of References 147 
 
 The Cost of Food Richards, Ellen H John Wiley & Sons . . i . 
 
 Paper Bag Cookery Soyer, Nicholas Sturgis & Walton Co. 
 
 Feeding the Family Swartz, Rose Mary Macmillan Co 2. 
 
 When Mother Lets Us Make 
 
 Candy Elizabeth DuBois Moffat, Yard & Co. .75 
 
 Marketing: 
 
 The Modern Household Talbot & Breckinridge. . 
 
 (Practical treatment of the subject of household costs) 
 
 Living on a Little Benton, C. F 
 
 Laundering: 
 
 The Laundry Manual Balderston, L. Ray Lime- 
 rick, M. C John C. Winston Co. 
 
 Cleaning and Renovation at 
 
 Home Osman, E. G A. C. McClurg & Co 
 
 Housekeeping: 
 
 Saturday Mornings Benton, Caroline French. .Dana Estes & Co.. . 
 
 (A capital book telling how a young girl was trained to 
 do household things in a series of delightful Saturday 
 mornings with her mother.) 
 
 When Mother Lets Us Help. .Johnson, Constance Moffat, Yard & Co.. 
 
 Housekeeping Notes Kittridge, Mabel Whitcomb & Bar 
 
 rows 
 
 Dandelion Cottage Rankin, Caroll W Henry Holt & Co.. . 
 
 Expert Waitress Springstead, A. F Harper & Bros 
 
 (Simple rules for correct service given in a direct way) 
 
 Half a Dozen Housekeepers. .Wiggin, Kate Douglas. . . .A. C. McClurg & Co 
 
 Practical Home Making Kittredge, Mabel Hyde. . .The Century Co.. . . 
 
 A Second Course in Home 
 
 Making Kittredge, Mabel Hyde. . .The Century Co.. . . 
 
 Care of Pets: 
 
 Friends and Helpers 
 
 
 , .Ginn & Co 
 
 .60 
 
 (Cats, Dogs, Poultry, emphasis on care.) 
 
 1 
 
 
 Entertainment: 
 
 
 
 
 One Hundred Folk Songs. 
 
 . . .G. Bantock 
 
 . . Ditson 
 
 I. SO 
 
 Best Stories to Tell to Chil- 
 
 
 
 dren 
 
 
 . . Houghton, Mifflin 
 
 
 
 
 Co 
 
 1.50 
 
 The Story Hour 
 
 
 . . Houghton, Mifflin 
 
 
 
 
 Co 
 
 I.OO 
 
 Baby Craft: 
 
 The Care and Feeding 
 
 of 
 
 
 
 Children 
 
 ...Holt, L. E 
 
 . . D. Appleton & Co. . . 
 
 .75 
 
 The Baby, His Care 
 
 and 
 
 
 
 Training 
 
 
 . . Harper & Bros 
 
 1.00 
 
 . .60 
 
 . .75 
 
 . 75 
 
 . .75 
 
 . .80 
 
 . 1.50 
 . 1. 00 
 
 .75 
 . .70 
 
 . .80 
 
 . . .Whitcomb & Bar- 
 
 rows 1. 00 
 
 Dana Estes & Co. ... 1.25 
 
 8 8^8 
 
Camp Fire Girls 
 
 148 
 
 Business: 
 
 Wage Earning Women MacLean, Anne Marion . .Macmillan Co 50 
 
 NATURE LORE 
 
 Trees: 
 
 Our Native Trees Keeler 
 
 A Guide to Trees Lounsbury, Alice 
 
 Familiar Trees and Their 
 
 Leaves Mathews, F. S. . . 
 
 The Tree Book Rogers, Julia E. . 
 
 Key to Trees Collins & Preston 
 
 Flowers: 
 
 Nature’s Garden . Blanchan, Neltje Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co 3.00 
 
 How To Know the Mosses.. . .Dunham, Elizabeth Marie. Houghton, MifiBin & 
 
 Co., Boston, 1.25 
 
 How to Know the Wild- 
 
 Flowers Dana, Mrs. W. S Chas. Scribner’s Sons 1.7$ 
 
 Field Book of American 
 
 Wildflowers >. Mathews, F. S G. P. Putnam’s Sons 1. 75 
 
 Flower Guide Reed, Chester A Chester A. Reed, 
 
 Worcester, Mass. . . .75 
 
 How to Know the Ferns Dana, Mrs. W. S Chas. Scribner’s Sons 1. 50 
 
 .Chas. Scribner’s Sons $2.00 
 . F. A. Stokes & Co. . . 1.75 
 
 . D. Appleton & Co. . . 1.75 
 . Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co. . 4.00 
 
 . Henry Holt & Co. .. . 1.3$ 
 
 Birds: 
 
 How to Attract the Birds.. . .Blanchan, Neltje. . 
 
 Bird Stories Burroughs, John . . 
 
 Bird Life Chapman, Frank. . 
 
 Bird Guide Reed, Chester A. 
 
 Part I. Water Birds 
 
 Part 2. Land Birds 
 
 Bird Friends Trafton, Gilbert H 
 
 Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co 4.00 
 
 . Houghton, Mifflin 
 
 Co 60 
 
 .D. Appleton & Co... 2, 00 
 .Chester A. Reed, 
 Worcester, Mass. 
 
 SO 
 
 SO 
 
 .Houghton, Mifflin & 
 
 Co., Boston 2.00 
 
 Butterflies: 
 
 How to Know the Butter- 
 flies Comstock, J. H. and Mrs. Appleton 2.25 
 
 The Butterfly Book Holland, W. J Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co 3.00 
 
 American Boys’ Books of 
 Bugs, Butterflies and Bee- 
 tles Beard, Dan J. B. Lippincott Co., 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa.. . 2.00 
 
Bibliography of References 
 
 149 
 
 Moths: 
 
 The Moth Book 
 
 Moths of the Limberlost. 
 
 Holland, W. J 
 
 Porter, Gene Stratton, 
 
 . Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co 4.00 
 
 Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co 2.50 
 
 Stars: 
 
 How to Identify the Stars. . .Milham, Willis I Macmillan Co 75 
 
 The Friendly Stars Martin Harper & Bros 1.2$ 
 
 The Stars in Song and Leg- 
 end Porter, Jermain G Ginn & Co 50 
 
 Star Lore of all the Ages Olcott G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 3 .50 
 
 Animals: / 
 
 Am. Animal Life Deming, Therese V Frederick A. Stokes 
 
 & Co 2.00 
 
 Gardens: 
 
 The Flower Garden Bennett, Ida D Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co $1.10 
 
 Mary’s Garden and How it 
 
 Grew (in story form) Duncan, Frances The Century Co 1 .25 
 
 Little Gardens for Boys and 
 
 Girls Higgins, Myrta Margaret. . Houghton, Mifflin 
 
 Co 1.25 
 
 The Garden Book for Young 
 
 People (in story form) Lounsbury, Alice F F. A. Stokes Co I - SO 
 
 How to Make a Vegetable 
 
 Garden Fullerton Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co 2.00 
 
 Vegetable Gardening Green Webb Pub. Co., St. 
 
 Paul 1. 00 
 
 Making Home Profitable. . . .Salnt-Maur, Kate V Sturgis & Walton.. . . I.OO 
 
 (Poultry, mushrooms, small fruits, flowers, bees, ca- 
 naries, household pets.) 
 
 Bees: 
 
 How to Keep Bees Comstock, Anna B Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co 1.00 
 
 CAMP CRAFT 
 
 Camp Craft: 
 
 Field and Forest Handy 
 
 Book Beard, Dan Chas. Scribner’s Sons 2 . 00 
 
 Camp Life in the Woods Gibson, H. W Boy Scout Manual... .2$ 
 
 Camping and Scouting Grinnell & Swan Harper & Bros 1.75 
 
 The Book of Camping and 
 
 Woodcraft Kephart, Horace Outing Pub. Co 2.00 
 
 Camp Cookery. Kephart, Horace Outing Pub. Co 1.50 
 
150 Camp Fire Girls 
 
 Woodcraft Seton, Ernest Thompson. Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co I. 7 S 
 
 Fire Lore: (How to make fire with the rubbing sticks) 
 
 Chapter II Seton, Ernest Thompson. . Boy Scout Manual.. . .25 
 
 The Book of Woodcraft Seton, Ernest Thompson . . Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co I.7S 
 
 Knots: 
 
 Knots Every Scout Should 
 
 Know Moffat, Samuel A Boy Scout Manual.. . .25 
 
 Knotting and Splicing Ropes 
 
 and Cordage Hasluck David McKay 50 
 
 Cat’s Cradle in Many Lands. Haddon, K Longmans Green & 
 
 Co. 90 
 
 HAND CRAFT 
 
 General: 
 
 American Girl’s Handy Book 
 Handicraft and Recreation 
 
 for Girls Beard, Lina and Adelia. . .Chas.Scribner’s Sons $2.00 
 
 American Girl’s Home Book. .Campbell, Helen G G. P. Putnam’s Sons i .75 
 
 Clay Modeling: 
 
 The Potter’s Craft Binns, C. F. . D. Van Nostrand Co. .50 
 
 Dyeing: 
 
 How to Make Rugs Wheeler, Candace Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co 1. 00 
 
 Dyes & Dyeing Pellew, C. E McBride, Nast & Co. 2.00 
 
 Photography: 
 
 Photography for Young 
 
 People Jenks, Tudor F. A. Stokes Co I. SO 
 
 Why My Photographs Are 
 
 Bad Taylor Jacobs & Co., Phila. . i ,00 
 
 Basketry: 
 
 Cane and Basket Work, 1st 
 
 and 2nd Series Firth, Annie Chas. Scribner’s Sons .60 
 
 How to Make Indian Bas> 
 
 kets James, George Wharton. . .Henry Malkan l .00 
 
 How to Make Baskets White, Mary Doubleday, Page & 
 
 Co I.OO 
 
 Bookbindery: 
 
 Elementary Bookmaking 
 
 and Bookbinding .Freeman, Sarah G Teachers College 30 
 
Bibliography of References 
 
 iSi 
 
 fFoodcarving: 
 
 Elementary Woodwork. . . 
 
 Woodcarving for Young 
 People 
 
 Handwork in Wood. 
 
 . Kilbon Lothrop, Lee & Shep- 
 ard Co 75 
 
 Leland, Geofrey Charles.. .Photo-Beacon Co., 
 Tribune Bid., Chi- 
 cago 45 
 
 .Noyes, William Manual Arts Press.. . 2.00 
 
 CarpenUring: 
 
 Box Furniture Brigham, Louise Century Co 1.60 
 
 Sewing: 
 
 Handicraft for Girls McGlauflin, Isabelle Manual Arts Press.. . 1 .00 
 
 How to Dress a Doll Morgan, M. H Henry Altemus Co.. . .50 
 
 Textiles: 
 
 Textiles. 
 
 Dooley, William H D. C. Heath & Co. . . l .00 
 
INDEX 
 
 PAGES 
 
 WAR PROGRAM (v-xviii) 
 
 Camping xvii 
 
 Clean Inside and Outside xv 
 
 Council Fire xvi 
 
 Council Fire Prayer xvi 
 
 Enlisting x 
 
 First Aid XV 
 
 Gardens, Chickens, Pigs xviii 
 
 Hike xiii 
 
 Home Economy xiii 
 
 Minute Girl Program ix 
 
 Patriotic Food Honors viii 
 
 Prayer xii 
 
 Salvaging Crops xvii 
 
 Save Food vii 
 
 Saving Money xiv 
 
 Saving Labor ix 
 
 Sing xvi 
 
 Sleep XV 
 
 Team Work x 
 
 Walk . xiii 
 
 Woman's Patriotic Service Uniform x-xii 
 
 CHAPTER I— IN GENERAL . 
 Almost Old Enough .... 
 Five Steps Toward Success . 
 
 Hand Sign 
 
 Historical Sketch of Camp Fire Girls 
 
 Honors 
 
 How to Organize 
 
 Manual 
 
 Meetings 
 
 Motion Songs 
 
 Organization 
 
 Ranks and Symbols .... 
 
 Self-Support 
 
 Supplies 
 
 Symbolism 
 
 Symbols of the Organization . 
 Wohelo 
 
 PAGES 
 
 • 3 - 1 1 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 : I 
 
 152 
 
Index 
 
 153 
 
 PAGES 
 
 CHAPTER II— THE LAW 12-18 
 
 Law 12 
 
 Be Happy, Five Talks 18 
 
 Be Trustworthy 15 
 
 Give Service, Six Talks 13 
 
 Glorify Work, Four Talks 17 
 
 Hold on to Health, Three Talks 16 
 
 Pursue Knowledge, Three Talks 14 
 
 Seek Beauty 12 
 
 PAGES 
 
 CHAPTER III— MEMBERSHIP AND RANK . . . 20-29 
 
 Application for Membership 20 
 
 Fire Maker's Desire 23 
 
 Membership Transferable 20 
 
 Required Honors for Rank of Fire Maker 24 
 
 To Become a Fire Maker 22 
 
 To Become a Torch Bearer 27 
 
 To Become a Wood Gatherer 20 
 
 Torch Bearer's Desire 26 
 
 Wood Gatherer's Desire 21 
 
 PAGES 
 
 CHAPTER IV— HONORS 30-52 
 
 Big Honors 31 
 
 Business Honors 47“48 
 
 Camp Craft 37~44 
 
 Elective Honors 3i~32 
 
 Hand Craft 44“46 
 
 Health Craft 36-37 
 
 Home Craft 33“36 
 
 Honor Certificate Blanks 32 
 
 Honors Pictured 38-43 
 
 Local Honors 32 
 
 National Honors So-52 
 
 Nature Lore 46-47 
 
 Patriotism 48-50 
 
 Standards 30 
 
 PAGES 
 
 CHAPTER V— PROGRAMS, GAMES, AND ENTERTAIN- 
 MENTS 
 
 Business Meetings 
 
 Games 
 
 Dodge Ball 
 
 53-67 
 
 59 
 
 62 
 
 64 
 
154 
 
 Index 
 
 PAGES 
 
 Impromptu “stunts” 65 
 
 Indoor Games 65 
 
 Keep Ball 65 
 
 Scout Game 63 
 
 Volley Ball 63 
 
 General Suggestions 55 
 
 How to Give a Successful Entertainment 66 
 
 Outlined Programs 53”55 
 
 Suggestions for a Weekly Meeting Devoted to Craft Work 55 
 
 Suggestions for Crafts 56 
 
 Suggestions for Minute Girl Program 59 
 
 What to do at Mothers Meeting 58 
 
 PAGES 
 
 CHAPTER VI— COUNCIL FIRE 68-82 
 
 Awarding of Honors 72 
 
 Count 71 
 
 Camp Fire Talk 75 
 
 Candle Lighting Ceremony 70 
 
 Council Fire 68 
 
 Fire Lighting Ceremony 71 
 
 Grand Council Fires 77 
 
 Initiation of Fire Maker 74 
 
 Initiation of Torch Bearer 75 
 
 Initiation of Wood Gatherer 73 
 
 Lighting of the Fire 70 
 
 Ode to Fire 71 
 
 Preparation 68 
 
 Receiving New Members 
 
 Roll Call 71 
 
 Singing of Songs 76 
 
 Suggestion for a Council Fire 7^ 
 
 PAGES 
 
 CHAPTER VII— FIRE LORE 83-88 
 
 Camp Fire Girl’s Dream 87 
 
 Different Kinds of Fire 83-85 
 
 Making Fire 85-86 
 
 Putting Out Fires 87 
 
 PAGES 
 
 CHAPTER VIII— OUTDOOR COOKING 89-98 
 
 Building the Fire 89 
 
 Cleaning Up 90 
 
 Fire Control 9^ 
 
Index 
 
 155 
 
 PAGES 
 
 Fire Suggestions 90 
 
 Kinds of Fires 91-94 
 
 Menus 94-98 
 
 Safety First 91 
 
 PAGE S 
 
 CHAPTER IX— CAMPING AND HIKING .... 99-105 
 
 Beds in the Woods 103 
 
 Carrying Equipment 100 
 
 Clothing 99 
 
 Deep Breathing 100 
 
 Eating and Drinking loi 
 
 Necessary Equipment 104 
 
 Outfit 100 
 
 Useful Hints to Remember loi 
 
 Rules for Training loi 
 
 Sleeping in the Open 103 
 
 Suggestions for Climbing 102 
 
 Where to Walk 102 
 
 PAGES 
 
 CHAPTER X— GUARDIANS, THEIR RELATION TO THE 
 
 ORGANIZATION . 106-116 
 
 Absent Members in 
 
 Communications from Guardians 107 
 
 Dues 107 
 
 Fees 106 
 
 Guardians’ Associations 113 
 
 Honorary Members in 
 
 Members in Spirit in 
 
 Meetings and Suggestions 114 
 
 Old Plan Camp Fires in 
 
 On Being a Guardian 115 
 
 Reinstatement of Guardians 112 
 
 Resignation of Guardians 112 
 
 Rings 108 
 
 Sumnier Camp Fires 112 
 
 Supplies 108 
 
 Temporary Guardians in 
 
 Transferred Membership no 
 
 Two Active Camp Fires with One Guardian . . . . . . 109 
 
 PAGE 
 
 CHAPTER XI— FINANCES 117-121 
 
 Camp Fire Outfitting Company 120 
 
Index 
 
 156 
 
 PAGES 
 
 Self-Support 117--119 
 
 Why Pay Dues 1 19 
 
 PAGES 
 
 CHAPTER XII— CAMP FIRE AND THE CHURCH . 122-124 
 
 PAGES 
 
 CHAPTER XIII— NAMES, SYMBOLS, AND HEAD- 
 
 BANDS 125-135 
 
 Choosing a Name 134 
 
 Descriptions of Symbols 127-134 
 
 Making Headbands 125 
 
 PAGES 
 
 CHAPTER XIV— THE CEREMONIAL GOWN . . . 137-138 
 
 Exceptional Uses of Gown 138 
 
 When the Gown Should be Worn 137 
 
 PAGES 
 
 CHAPTER XV— THE COUNT, OR RECORD BOOK . 141-143 
 
 The Count 139 
 
 The Year 140 
 
 -j ' 
 
 WOHELO CHEER 144 
 
 SONGS 14s 
 
 SYMBOLS OF THE ORGANIZATION ...... 19 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ,146 
 
THE OFnCIAL EQUIPMENT 
 
 Ceremonial Outfit 
 
 Full details alDout the leather-trimmed 
 ceremonial gown, moccasins, hloomers, ho- 
 siery, Camp Fire Girls jewelry indicating 
 rank, honor heads, and other articles of 
 interest, may he found in the free cata- 
 logue issued hy the Camp Fire Outfitting 
 Company. It will he sent to you immedi- 
 ately upon request. 
 
 Minute Girls Outfit 
 
 The new official outfit of the Minute 
 Girls in all girls' and women's sizes up 
 to 44, may he had from the Camp Fire Out- 
 fitting Company at very moderate prices. 
 
 Blue Birds Outfit 
 
 Pull information alDOut the handsome and 
 unique Blue Birds gowns, the ”honor 
 feathers’* in three colors, the wings, the 
 cap, bloomers, and other articles may also 
 be found in the Camp Pire Outfitting Com- 
 pany catalogue. 
 
 THE CAMP FIRE OUTFITTING COMPANY IS THE 
 OFFICIAL OUTFITTER OF THE CAMP FIRE GIRLS, 
 AND THE APPROVED GARMENTS CAN BE OBTAINED 
 ONLY THROUGH THIS ORGANIZATION. 
 
 IN ADDITION, THE CAMP FIRE GIRLS DERIVE 
 FROM ALL SUCH SALES 5%, WHICH GOES TOWARD 
 THE SUPPORT OF THE NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 THE CAMP HRE OUTFiniNG CO. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY 
 
THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS 
 GARDEN CITY, N. Y,